The universal characteristics of private universities are explored using a sample of 210 students from private universities to identify their perception. Both theoretical and empirical measurement issues have been considered using structural equations as the primary data analysis approach by using a structured questionnaire. The specific objectives of the research are to, inter alia, measure of the satisfaction level of students in case of academic issues, support services and general issues, which will lead to identify their attitude towards private universities in Bangladesh. Moreover, the study would also try to identify the effective extra curricular activity, and the most satisfied physical environment according to them. From the survey, it is observed that the students are satisfied with the services provided by the private universities. Though some of them are not satisfied with the services but they do not have any other options because every year huge number of students passed from the higher secondary class and the public universities do not have the capacity to cater the needs of most of the students want to have a university graduation. Therefore, they know the position of the private universities but they do not want to come out with the fact, as they have no other choices. However, private universities should try to improve their current standing through maintaining and retaining credibility and viability, maintaining the highest student quality, designing a broad based liberal arts curriculum and emphasizing on research and scholarly activities. Overall they should have strategic plan to ensure the quality of education.


Objective To optimize the formula ratio of matrix to prepare better Naru-3 Cataplasm.Methods Taking raw material of formula as factor and adhesive force as marker,orthogonal test was used to optimize the matrix ratio in cataplasm.Results The best ratio of Naru-3 Cataplasm matrix was sodium polyacrylate∶gelatin∶glycerol∶carbomer =3∶2.5∶1∶2.Conclusion The ratio of adhesive force is better.


The aim of this thesis is to study various aspects of language rehabilitation in stroke patients with aphasia, with a major focus on the relationship between the timing of cognitive-linguistic treatment and its efficacy.

In this thesis three questions are addressed:

__1. How accurately can we diagnose the presence of aphasia in the early stage after stroke onset?__
__2. Which factors are of importance for an accurate prediction of aphasia outcome in stroke?__
__3. Is there a relationship between the timing of aphasia treatment and its efficacy?__


Summary In corn ( Zea mays L.), breeding and selection for grain yield over time has been accompanied by a simultaneous increase in plant nitrogen (N) uptake. The understanding of plant N dynamics has attracted attention due to the environmental concerns related to N losses coming from fertilization. This research study was implemented to 1) describe N uptake and allocation dynamics, and 2) quantify fertilizer recovery efficiency across late-N strategies. Two field experiments (one under irrigation and one rainfed) were conducted at the Ashland Bottoms Research Farm, KS, during 2017. Three hybrids with different year of release and three N scenarios were tested. Isotope 15 N was utilized as tracer to determine 15 N recovery and N fate within plant organs when both timings of late-N were evaluated. As 15 N fertilizer was applied later in the season, lower recovery of the fertilizer was achieved and proportionally more N was allocated to the developing grains. These findings can motivate future investigations using 15 N labelling technique to evaluate fertilizer recovery efficiency in corn.


(57) Abstract: Method for supplying fluid to at least one of the diagnostic apparatus is disclosed. The method includes a container 62 containing a first fluid supplying third fluid source 68. Container of the first fluid, for example, the third fluid source, such as water, and at least one diagnostic unit 58 is fluidly connected. To generate a first fluid and the third fluid is mixed with commingled fluids, flowing a first fluid from the vessel, flowing a third fluid from the source. Then, flow the mixed fluid to at least one of the diagnostic device.


The Epstein-Barr (EB) virus early antigen expression inhibition test on Raji cells is accepted worldwide as a useful assay system for screening of cancer chemo-preventive agents, and the results obtained with it correlate somewhat with those of in vivo screening by the mouse skin test. In this study, to investigate the mechanism of cancer chemo-prevention by retinoic acid, we demonstrated the effect of retinoic acid on gene expression induced in Raji cells by 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate by using DNA chip technology. We found significant changes in the levels of 322 mRNA's in the cells. Down-regulated genes numbered 109, and up-regulated ones 213. In addition, we evaluated a large number of genes expressed in Raji cells in response to retinoic acid by using a Cell Signaling Network Database (CSNDB) and thereby extracted 21 interesting genes. The retinoic acid responsiveness of these 21 genes in Raji cells is a new finding. We also found three candidates of signaling pathways through examining the enormous gene expression data. This trial may be invaluable for DNA chip/microarray users because of our new methodology using combined array data and database information.


Analyse resources characteristic of "5·12 Wenchuan earthquake thematic database",define resource collection scope,clear resource collection canal,make scientific and effective strategy of resource collection in order to provide reference for future large database resource collection plan.


Aristoteles in 『Poetics』 said that the most important element of the tragedy is plot. He emphasized that the tragedy without characters is possible, but the tragedy without plot isn"t possible. By the way the most important element in tragedy, which lead the accident on the stage, isn"t plot, but character. Here is a reason. The aim of the ancient greek tragedies is Catharsis, occurred by well-built plot. An audience by means of Catharsis could affirm that he is one of the commune, polis, and purify the wicked emotions in his mind. But in the tragedy of W. Shakespeare, the representative playwright in the epoch of the Elizabeth, Catharsis was no more the aim of the theatre. The bourgeoise audience, that at that time new formed, demanded the high leveled theatre with interesting spectacles. They wanted the pleasure in the theatre, because they were the son of the capitalism. The accident of the stage in Chekhov"s drama 『The sea gull』 relied on the change of the relationship between the characters and the subtle emotion. The disposition of the important accident on the stage made a great difference between Shakespeare and Chekhov. Because the russian playwright interested in the collapse of the social environment where the dramatis personae lived. Their difference had influenced upon also the viewpoint of theatre. Shakespeare had the faith that human life is play, the world is theatre. He thought that theatre is a mirror which reflects direct the life and world. But Chekhov, depicted the trembling russian intelligentsia in the end of 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, interested in the endless falling life of them.


Abstract : In 2002 Pres. George W. Bush proclaimed that the twenty-first century would be the Asia-Pacific Century. While I am not sure he was the first person to use that phrase and it has been often used by others over the past 10 years for those of us who study the region and/or have more than a casual familiarity with the region, the proclamation rings true. In a November 2011 article in Foreign Policy magazine, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton went so far as to say, The future of politics will be decided in Asia, not Afghanistan or Iraq, and the United States will be right at the center of the action. These are powerful words, underscoring the fact that Asia matters, and it matters a great deal. For those who are interested in national security affairs, the question is not whether Asia matters but what our country should do about the fact that Asia matters. How should we posture ourselves to best advance our national interests in a region that will have so much to do with our future security and prosperity? Certainly, there will be much study and many well-considered judgments concerning these important questions, and most of this work will contribute to advancing our collective ability to successfully confront the scores of challenges that lie ahead. In this regard, I was pleased to learn that the Air Force Research Institute was undertaking a year-long study of the Air Force strategy in the Asia-Pacific region. While it is clear that all instruments of national power will play critical roles in our national strategy for the region, the military instrument will underpin all of our efforts in the region. The US Air Force will play an especially key role, with its ability to rapidly span the vast distances in the Pacific while engaging our allies, partners, and friends in the region through forward presence and exercises.


A case of tuberculosis affecting the skin and nasal septum and 10 years later involving the hard palate causing perforation is reported.


With the downscaling of MOSFETs to nanometer dimensions, performance variability is produced by factors other than variations of physical dimensions and doping profiles, which are there since device fabrication and remain static over lifetime. Besides these time-zero variability factors, factors that lead to performance variability from one instant in time to the other start playing a significant role. Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) is among these relevant time-dependent variability sources. In this work we advance the state of the art on modeling of the time-dependent random variability induced by RTN, by providing an analytical model for the threshold voltage jitter σΔVT produced by RTN. Besides analytical modeling, Monte Carlo simulations are run to validate the model and illustrate the applicability of the model. The area scaling of σΔVT is detailed and discussed, supporting designers in transistor sizing towards a more reliable design.


By the use of literature,questionnaire,logical analysis and mathematical statistics,to analysis participate in sports activities in school to investigate the situation of more than 20 universities and colleges in Yunnan Province,the results showed that:college students in Yunnan and physical activity have a certain willingness to participate,for some fitness,entertainment and emerging strong sports programs have a strong willingness to participate,but the school grounds equipment and facilities,sports curriculum,teaching for the students so restricted participation in sports,while computers,electronic games and other modern technology on the impact of student life the situation worse.Recommendations: Reform of physical education content,curriculum system and teaching staff,to create a good teaching conditions,to ensure that students exercise every day for one hour.


The Rosemont copper-molybdenum-silver deposit is located in Pima County, Arizona, USA on the northeastern flank of the Santa Rita Mountains approximately 30 miles southeast of the city of Tucson (Figure 1). The Rosemont property occupies flat to mountainous topography at a surface elevation ranging from 4,000 feet to 6,290 feet and at geographical coordinates of approximately 31° 50' N and 110° 45' W (M3, 2012).


Ti-Mo alloys are promising biocompatible materials with lower elastic modulus than the extensively used Ti-6Al-4V alloy. However, research work done on these alloys indicate that their elastic modulus is still higher than that of the bone, even after the execution of numerous heat treatment procedures. Therefore, this study was aimed at adding Nb (non-toxic β stabilizer) to Ti-Mo system followed by the characterization of its microstructural and mechanical properties in the as-cast condition. This study will provide systematic preliminary information towards the design and development of novel biomedical components. The microstructure and phase analysis were carried out using optical microscope, SEM, and XRD. Mechanical tests were conducted using the uniaxial tensile test machine and Vickers microhardness tester. The as-cast Ti-11.1Mo-10.8Nb alloy consisted primarily of β phase and a possible small volume fraction of ω phase. The Vickers micro-hardness, elastic modulus, bending strength were measured as 311.62 HV0.5, 56.9 GPa 1671.4 MPa, respectively. The Ti-11.1Mo-10.8Nb alloy also exhibited ductile fracture behaviour during bend testing. The Ti-11.1Mo-10.8Nb design is a promising alloy for biomedical applications.


Abstract Periodic Mesoporous Silicas (PMS) are one of the prime examples of templated porous materials – there is a clear connection between the porous network structure and the supramolecular assemblies formed by surfactant templates. This opens the door for a high degree of control over the material properties by tuning the synthesis conditions, and has led to their application in a wide range of fields, from gas separation and catalysis to drug delivery. However, such control has not yet come to full fruition, largely because a detailed understanding of the synthesis mechanism of these materials remains elusive. In this context, molecular modelling studies of the self-assembly of silica/surfactant mesophases have arisen at the turn of the century. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of simulation studies devoted to the synthesis of PMS materials and their hybrid organic–inorganic counterparts. As those studies span a wide range of time and length scales, a holistic view of the field affords some interesting new insight into the synthesis mechanisms. We expect simulation studies of this complex but fascinating topic to increase significantly as computer architectures become increasingly powerful, and we present our view to the future of this field of research.


The article deals with the analysis of the modern person's readiness to the research. The formation of its personality realizes in the concept of the competency building approach in the education. The topicality of this process supports by the continuity of the skills and competence formation to the researches at the different levels of the person's development. Authors defi ne the following periods such as child's teaching at the school, future specialists training at the institute of higher education, person's development in the professional activity. Universal educational actions in the researches realization of the educational character are considered in teaching in the school. The research culture formation of the future specialists is shown as theoretical and empirical educational directions at the institute of higher education. There is a possibility in the postgraduate professional activity to the realization of the research which is identifi ed by the authors with the purpose to develop the formed competences. Practical importance offers recommendations for the formation of the readiness to the research in the context of the different lessons organization.


This paper studies the prediction method of 2010 HR training demand, which based on the data and status of HR condition, and training of a certain railway architectural enterprise. The software tool we used is SPSS10.0 . In the end, it gives some constructive advices about HR development of architectural enterprises. In addition, we hope it will be a conference for those enterprises which have the same requirement.


Lindamood, K.D. (2018). A psychoanalysis of Galileo Galilei: observed personality traits as contributing factors in his condemnation by the Catholic Church in 1633. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.edu


Boron-carbon-nitrogen (BCN) coatings were deposited on Si (100) substrates by r.f. plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD). Dimethylamine borane vapour was used as a precursor and an argon-hydrogen mixture as plasma gas. For the first time crystals were observed in BCNfilms prepared by PACVD. All the BCN-coatings deposited by PACVD reported in the literature were amorphous and hydrogenated. The films were characterized with High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Electron Spectroscopic Imaging (ESI), Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), FT-IR spectroscopy, Auger Spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The results of the different analysis methods indicate with a high probability the formation of cubic crystals containing boron, carbon and nitrogen. Of great interest is the possibility that these crystals form a c-BN/diamond alloy phase. The influence of the substrate temperature (from 200 °C to 850 °C) and of the gas composition, especially the hydrogen content, on the growth of the crystals are discussed.


This article explores the rhetorical strategies used in Johanna Schopenhauer's account of travel to England and Scotland to evince readerly sympathy through the observation of suffering. It focuses in particular on her inclusion of 'Lebende Bilder' and 'Attitüden' in this text to enhance the pathos of her description, thereby linking sympathetic feeling with visual perception and the imagination.


The topic of my thesis is a study of how parents and primary school teachers perceive and identify psychological abuse of children. Psychological abuse is an especially sensitive area because children do not perceive interpersonal relations and activities in their environment in the same way as adults. Children also do not possess the physical or psychological power required to withstand or defend themselves against different forms of violence, abuse and harassment. Children who are the victims of psychological abuse are often withdrawn, quiet, introvert or, quite the opposite, become aggressive themselves, especially towards their peers.
In the theoretical part of my thesis I define psychological abuse, outline the forms of such behaviour in the family and at school, and describe the consequences of psychological abuse, including legislative. The empirical part contains data analysis of the perception of psychological abuse, collected with a questionnaire that was completed by 76 parents and teachers of primary school pupils. The results show that both parents and teachers are aware of psychological abuse of children but are not able to identify all its forms. Most of the parents and teachers who took part in the survey consider bullying as the most severe form of psychological abuse. Most teachers believe that children are most often psychologically abused by their parents. Because psychological abuse of children is a part of our everyday lives, I strongly believe we should not ignore it no matter what. A teacher-to-be myself, I was unpleasantly surprised of the results of my study which show that only a quarter of all the respondents would take action and file a report if they found out that a child was a victim of psychological abuse.


or vehicle and were euthanized at 3, 7 and 14 days after the wound healing procedures to measure Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), malondialdehyde (MAL), Phospho-Akt (pAkt), phospho e-NOS (p-eNOS), nitrates levels, histological changes, angiogenesis by CD31 immunochemistry, and wound breaking strength. The time to complete skin closure was also monitored. Throughout the wound healing process and in comparison with normoglycaemic animals, diabetic animals treated with vehicle showed reduced VEGF and increased MAL levels. They showed also reduced expression of pAkt and peNOS, decreased levels of nitrates poor reepitheliziation of the wounds, blunted CD31 expression and impaired wound breaking strength. Cibenitide treatment increased VEGF, reduced MAL levels, augmented p-Akt and p-eNOS expression, enhanced nitrate skin content, improved the disturbed healing patterns, stimulated angiogenesis, and normalized wound breaking strength. Finally, in a comparison experiment with recombinant human EPO (400 IU/kg/day/sc) cibinetide was superior in improving the time to complete wound healing.


In this thesis the evaporation of droplets lying on substrates and the deposition process during the evaporation of colloidal liquid lines are investigated. The evaporation process has been mathematically modeled. The flow field inside an evaporating two dimensional microdroplet has been analytically calculated for the cases of potential and creeping flow. The effect of the evaporation controlling mechanism (phase change, vapor diffusion) and the behavior of the contact lines (pinned contact lines, depinned contact lines with constant contact angle) have been investigated. The deposition process of the suspended particles is simulated using the method of particle trajectories as well as the lattice Boltzmann convection-diffusion method. The particles move due to the flow field and their Brownian motion. The effect of solid substrate on the diffusivity, as well as, the particles interactions with the free surface of the droplet have been, also, investigated. Simulations results are presented for different Peclet numbers for hydrophilic and strongly hydrophobic substrates and useful conclusions have been arrived about the conditions that favor the formation of uniform deposits.


Objective
To study the values of immunofluorescence detection of immunoglobulin(Ig)A, IgG, IgM, complement 1q(C1q)、complement 3(C3) and fibrinogen-related antigen(FRA) combined with electron microscopy to diagnose atypical membranous nephropathy(AMN).

Methods
A total of 92 cases of AMN and 165 cases of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN)from January 2010 to January 2015 were collected.Ig, C1q, C3 and FRA were determined by immunohistochemistry.Pathological changes were detected by electron microscope and light microscope.

Results
The serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, cystatin C and 24h urinary protein, IgA、IgG、IgM and C3 in the two groups have no statistical differences(P>0.05). Compared with IMN group, the positive rate of IgA[69(75.0%) vs.50(30.3%), χ2=47.461, P 0.05). The proportion of glomerular nail protrusion in AMN was statistically significant than that of IMN(P<0.05). The proportion of glomerular spikes formed in AMN was increased [64(69.6%) vs 52(31.5%), χ2=34.533, P<0.05], but no pathological changes were found.Electron microscopy showed that the proliferation of mesangial cells was increased[78(84.8%) vs.33(20.0%), χ2=101.029, P<0.05]. Electron dense deposits were found in subepithelium[82(89.1%) vs.0(0.0%), χ2=215.976, P<0.05]in the mesangial area epithelium and basement membrane.

Conclusion
It is important to detecte IgA, IgM, C1q, FRA, IgG4, PLA2R and Nephrin detected by immunohistochemistry and to determine the proportion of mesangial cell and mesangial matrix hyperplasia by electron microscopy for diagnosis AMN.

Key words:
Immunofluorescence; Complement 1q; Complement 3; Fibrinogen-related antigen; Atypical membranous nephropathy


The article looks at across-the-board increases in collective agreements extended to employers who were not party to the negotiations that produced them. It asks whether having to pay such increases can be unfair to these employers. The article explains the safeguards in section 32 of the Labour Relations Act. It concludes that, although these safeguards are not as clear as they might be, they should protect employers from having to pay unfair across-the-board increases. The article ends by looking at how to simplify the safeguards in section 32.


The nature, size and distribution of inclusions present in molten steel during refining and continuous casting were investigated, and measures of controlling the inclusions were put forward.


Power is a construct that is relevant anytime two actors come together. Typically power examinations have been focused on assessments among actors with asymmetrical power profiles. We argue existing characterizations of power are insufficient to understand perceptions of relationship quality when partners have a more balanced power profile. This is the case with an important class of partnerships—those between governments and philanthropic Foundations. We assessed power mutuality and its effects on relationship quality with a mixed methods approach, relying heavily on fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis techniques and interview data. Our findings point to new insights into those power relationships typically examined in the extant literature, those with asymmetry, as well as under condition of mutuality. With regard to asymmetrical power, we point to needed investigation into the role of intangible resources, such as knowledge and legitimacy, to achieve goals, rather than the predominant focus on financial and other tangible resources. With regard to conditions of mutuality, we illustrate that mutuality yields relational ambiguity in the relationship and results in partner tension. Furthermore, our study finds that under conditions of mutuality, resource contributions from the benefactor need to address instrumental organizational needs, not just needs that contribute to mission outcomes.


This data pool (N = 617) comes from 10 independent studies assessing performance of healthy participants (i.e., no known neurological impairments) on the Iowa gambling task (IGT)—a task measuring decision making under uncertainty in an experimental context. Participants completed a computerized version of the IGT consisting of 95 – 150 trials. The data consist of the choices of each participant on each trial, and the resulting rewards and losses. The data are stored as .rdata, .csv, and .txt files, and can be reused to (1) analyze IGT performance of healthy participants; (2) create a "super control group"; or (3) facilitate model-comparison efforts. A correction article relating to the authors of this publication can be found here:  http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/jopd.am


What was undoubtedly one of the greatest agricultural events ever held in New Hampshire took place in Dur ham last week when the sixth annual conference of the New Hampshire Farm Bureau Federation was held in conjunction with the annual exten sion conference at the college. The federation's first meeting was held Thursday afternoon, the sched uled Wednesday night meeting hav ing been postponed when Wednes day's terrific blizzard left Durham lightless for the greater part of the evening.


This article aims to know the impact of communication technology in organizational communication. As we know organizational communication has limitations because of distortions, one of which is caused by physical distance. However, with the development of technology, physical distance can be overcome by sending the work instruction, discussion, and decision-making through email or instant messengers like WhatsApp, Blackberry Messenger that can be accessed by simply using the phone. The advantage of instant messaging services is that it can be used by anyone, anywhere and anytime without the need to meet at the office. Technology changes offices into virtual ones. Distortion due to the dissolution of the message on one level in the organizational structure can be minimized because employees who are members within the group instant messenger can read messages simultaneously. Additionally, nonverbal message during face to face communication can be replaced with emoticons. But the downside is the time to work is often used for informal messaging not relevant with work and the employee ultimately can be drowned in a flood of data, including ones not needed to complete the job.


Pakistan and Afghanistan share a common threat from terrorism, which seems to be the primary destabilizing factor in the region. Militancy and terrorism are neither in the significance of Pakistan nor Afghanistan, as both these states are facing huge security threats from militant groups operating transnationally. Since the independence of Pakistan, bilateral relations between both states have been continuously strained, with brief intervals of warmth. However, a paradigm shift in Pakistan's approach towards Afghanistan has been noticed especially after the restoration of democracy in 2008. The aim of this book is to answer the reshape the Islamabad's new perspective towards Kabul through re-examination of Pak-Afghan relations from 2008 onward and assess the long term policy shift in Pakistan's Afghan relations. Moreover, it also highlights the need for a joint counter-terrorism strategy to further consolidate bilateral relations between Islamabad and Kabul. In addition to this, some policy recommendations have also been made in order to effectively deal with the emerging challenges and for the friendly relations as well.


I have twice acted as a reviewer of this paper in various forms when it was submitted to a different journal. Both times I found the manuscripts unacceptable for publication primarily because the derivation of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation (NLS) was nothing new and the results did not well explain how the discontinuous jump of the wave-induced mean flow-induced depended upon the wave and background parameters. My detailed reviews pointed out several deficiencies in 1) Theory, 2) Presentation and Interpretation of Results and 3) Notation. In this latest submission to Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, I see that few of my major concerns have been addressed. Fundamental flaws remain in all three areas. As such I find the resubmitted paper unacceptable for publication. Just as the author did not take time to consider my review, so will I simply repeat the comments of my earlier review with references to equations and page numbers changed accordingly.


Measurements on paint components have been conducted with symmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (sym flow FFF) and asymmetrical flow FFF (asym flow FFF). Both methods are based on the same principle of separation, but they differ in the construction of the fractionation channel and the configuration of the channel flow and crossflow. On the basis of the good selectivity and resolution of these techniques, it was possible to determine the particle size of each individual constituent of a three-component mixture of a paint binder, pigment and filler, characterized by relatively broad and overlapping distributions, and to follow the changes on mixing them. In the case of sym flow FFF, it was possible to use thinner fractionation channels, with no system peaks and good selectivity in both the normal and steric-hyperlayer mode. The main features of asym flow FFF are the simpler construction of the fractionation channel and the possibility of focusing the sample in the channel better and of following visually the separation. This variant should be preferably used in the normal mode of operation.


Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) presents with 2 genetically distinct types. We describe for the first time the MRI patterns of leg muscle involvement in type 2 and compare it with type 1. Methods: The intramuscular fat content was assessed on lower extremity axial T1-weighted MRI scans in 6 FSHD1 and 5 FSHD2 patients. Results: Overall, the muscle involvement profile did not differ substantially between FSHD1 and FSHD2. In the thigh, the dorsomedial compartment including the semimembranosus, semitendinosus and adductor magnus was the most affected. The quadriceps was mostly spared, but isolated involvement of the rectus femoris was common. Fat infiltration in the distal soleus and the medial gastrocnemius with sparing of the lateral gastrocnemius was a common finding; involvement of the tibialis anterior was less frequent. A proximal-to-distal increase in fat content was frequently present in some muscles. Conclusion: Muscle involvement appears to be independent of type, confirming a similar pathophysiological pathway in FSHD1 and FSHD2.


The emerging global economy is a source of both great promise and anxiety. Tariffs and quotas have been reduced to historically low levels through various negotiating rounds sponsored by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). As these traditional barriers to trade became less significant, others became more apparent. Many of these barriers are about social and cultural differences in the regulation of production and legitimacy of specific market actions. David Vogel wrote:


The main aim of this paper is to present a general view of the attitudes of the students of Master in Science in Teaching regarding the teaching profession. The participants in this study were 30 students of the first year attending the Master of Science in Teaching, respectively, from the Natural Science Faculty and the Foreign Language Faculty in Tirana University. From all the population of the students that attend e master degree in teaching in those faculties it was drawn a sample of 30 students through the dimensional sampling method. In this study the qualitative analysis were used, and more specifically, the thematic analysis. The instrument that was used for the gathering of the data was the semi-structured interview. The aim of the interviewing process was to explore and to understand these attitudes. As a conclusion, one of the more important findings of the study is that, a significant percentage of the students liked the teaching profession and wanted to practice this profession in the near future. But they were pessimistic about employment opportunities. According to them, it is very difficult to be employed as teachers in public schools in Albania.
 DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n3s1p212


Objective:To establish the method for determination of the content of linoleic acid and α-linole-ic acid in hemp fruit by GC,and provide evidence for evaluating quality and criterion.Method: The GC separation was performed on a ZB-WAX column(0.5 μm × 0.32 mm × 30 m) at 190 ℃,inject temperature at 250 ℃,FID detecter temperature was at 250 ℃,gas as N2(99.99%);flow rate was 1.0 mL.min-1,air 450 mL.min-1,H2 45 mL.min-1.Result: The content of linoleic acid and α-linoleic acid in hemp fruit was 31.42%-37.21%,8.02%-9.65%.Conclusion: The method can be used to control the quality of linoleic acid and α-linoleic acid in hemp fruit,which is accurate,convenient and repeatable.


The present invention discloses an automatic system comprising a pulsed cold air refrigeration unit, the evaporator which is provided in a large tank, further comprising a circulation path for the small tank, a diaphragm pump, an ice water tank and a large balloon thereof; central processing unit, a central processing unit, respectively, connected to the compressor and the first temperature sensor electrically air refrigeration unit. The central processing unit of the acquisition value of the first temperature sensor, controlling the compressor according to the temperature values acquired; while the central processing unit to the PWM output pulse control circuit, the control circuit of the pulse voltage to an adjustable diaphragm according to the PWM wave output, the diaphragm pump speed changes and outputs the ice into the water at different pressures capsule. The method is cold, the compressor cooling water tank flood cooling, and then by a diaphragm pump into the circulating water ice intracapsular, in order to achieve the cold treatment of the affected area. At the same time the diaphragm pump of the present invention can also output into the ice water at different pressures capsule is also achieved massage the affected area, further increasing the effect of cold.


Objective To observe the sequential changes of collagen fibers in rats with diethylnitrosamine(DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),so as to provide a reference for pathogenesis research of HCC.Methods Fifty male Wistar rats,weighing 100-120g,were randomly divided into normal group and HCC model group.The model group was intraperitoneally administered with 50mg/kg DEN(0.1mL),twice a week for 4weeks,then once a week for another 10weeks.The control group was given normal saline(0.1mL)in the same manner.Finally the rats were sacrificed;the normal and diseased liver tissues were observed by H-E,Masson and argyrophilic fiber staining.The expression of collagen typeⅠand typeⅢ mRNA was detected by fluorogenic quantitative PCR;the expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)was examined by gelatinases spectrometry.Results Cirrhosis was found in rats 5weeks after treatment with DEN and HCC was induced 14weeks after DEN treatment;collagen deposition in liver tissues increased in a progressive manner,and the collagen contents in the HCC tissues was greatly less than that in the adjacent tissues,showing a decreasing trend.The contents of MMP-2and MMP-9in the HCC and adjacent tissues had opposite changes compared with collagen.Conclusion Collagen deposition in cirrhosis liver tissue is increased during the process of DEN-induced HCC,but it is decreased in HCC tissues in aprogressive manner,which indicates that collagen might be degraded during the progression from cirrhosis to HCC.


Aidan D. Meade, Fiona M. Lyng and Hugh J. Byrne introduce the Analyst themed issue on SPEC 2022: International Conference on Clinical Spectroscopy.


An experimental and computational study of the ramped bleed slot in a compressor cascade is presented. The geometry is a circumferential slot downstream of the stator blade trailing edge, with endwall ramps inside the blade passage, and the paper builds on work previously reported for different bleed off-take geometries (Leishman et al., 2007, ASME J. Turbomach., 129, pp. 645-658; Leishman et al., 2007, ASME J. Turbom-ach., 129, pp. 659-668). The strong interaction between any bleed slot and the primary flow through the cascade can be strong, thereby causing the levels of loss and blockage in the primary flow leaving the blade passage to be increased at some bleed flow rates. Radial flow into the bleed slot is highly nonuniform because the blade-to-blade pressure field causes flow to enter the bleed slot preferentially where the static pressure is high, and to spill out into the primary flow where the static pressure is low. The mechanism for the ramped bleed slot is different from that described in the earlier papers for other geometries. For the ramped bleed slot a static pressure field, with large variations of static pressure in the circumferential direction, is set up in the slot because the endwall flow entering the slot has higher stagnation pressure downstream of the pressure surface than downstream of the suction surface of the upstream blades. The flow entering the slot with high stagnation pressure is brought to rest in a stagnation point on the downstream surface of the slot, and the consequent variation in static pressure on the rear surface sets tangential and radial components of velocity which are a large fraction of the freestream velocity. As well as demonstrating the mechanism for the flow behavior, the paper presents results of experiments and calculations to demonstrate the behavior and gives guidance for the design of bleed slots by stressing the fundamental features of the flow.


We have demonstrated a room temperature dilute magnetic semiconductor based on GaCrN epitaxial layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Saturation magnetization Ms increased when the GaCrN film is incorporated into a (p-GaN/i-GaCrN/n-GaN) device structure, due to the proximity of mediated holes present in the p-GaN layer. Zero field cooling and field cooling were measured to ascertain the absence of superparamagnetic behavior in the films. A (p-GaN/i-GaCrN/n-GaN) device structure with room temperature ferromagnetic (FM) properties that can be controlled by an external applied voltage has been fabricated. In this work, we show that the applied voltage controls the ferromagnetic properties, by biasing the (p-i-n) structure. With forward bias, ferromagnetism in the GaCrN layer was increased nearly 4 fold of the original value. Such an enhancement is due to carrier injection of holes into the Cr deep level present in the i-GaCrN layer. A "memory effect" for the FM behavior of the (p-i-n) GaCrN ...


This study focuses on trends of cyber threats and the lessons learned that might be useful to protect countries national security in descriptive method. Between the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016 several significant cyber security related events have taken place, that analysts cannot leave behind, including the release of some crucial strategic documents and cyber attacks launched to critical national infrastructures. This trend shows cyber security issues are still growing and a huge number of attacks are undermining the national and economic security of the main international players. Furthermore, the strategic approach of the main international players is quickly shifting from a mainly active cyber defense to the development of offensive cyber capabilities. All the above, with no clear and consolidated strategies from international organizations, and without an internationally recognized framework of regulations to govern the use of offensive cyber capabilities, most countries is vulnerable to any potential cyber attack threats. Moreover, speaking about the organizational structure, the trend for some of the major global powers, such as U.S. and China ahead is to centralize under a single and faster chain of command defensive and offensive capabilities and expertise in the fields of cyber intelligence and cyber warfare. To conclude, the aim of such a re-organization seems to be rationalizing greater and greater economic investments and increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of entities or agencies active in and operating through cyber space, to make them simpler and more responsive. Visionary policy makers must concern and anticipate the cyber attacks potential destruction to national vital objects.


This paper describes an approach based on coupled electrical, thermal and CFD analysis to predict the thermal performance of bussed electrical centers and junction blocks. Typically from 200 to 400 amps flow trough various circuitries, which lead to a significant amount of Joule heat dissipation that is responsible for the majority of heat loss in the system. The Joule heat dissipation distribution is not known prior to the solution and must be evaluated by simultaneously solving the electrical field. This can be accomplished through a "coupled electrical, thermal solution" scheme, where the voltage field is solved throughout the region using the electrical loads and boundary conditions (in addition to thermal and flow fields) during each iteration. The most recent temperature field is used to update the electrical resistivity of the conductors in the model. The power dissipation is then calculated and updated for all conductor elements. In this paper, a thermal/electrical/CFD model of a typical bussed electrical center (BEC) consisting of several relays, diodes and switches is discussed. The procedure for coupling the electrical and thermal effects is presented using 3D views of various circuitries. A discussion relating to the application of electrical boundary conditions (voltage and current BC's) is presented, followed by a detailed discussion of flow, thermal and voltage fields


Most of our learning as doctors happens through individual study. Some takes place with other people, for example at lectures and seminars, but often this is not very different from solitary learning. In effect, one person stands at the front of a room, imparting facts or opinions, while everyone else remains relatively passive. Very few doctors spend time in collaborative learning groups, where everyone examines their own work together and in depth. This is paradoxical, since such groups are probably one of the most effective ways of developing as a professional.

Collaborative learning groups come under many different names, including peer supervision1, action learning sets2 and 'Balint groups'3, but they all share more or less the same form. A group meets regularly, perhaps every month or six weeks. Everyone sits in a circle, either around a table or just facing each other. In any session, a few individuals have an opportunity to present an extended account of a specific dilemma or challenge they are facing in their professional work – a clinical case, perhaps, or a problem with a colleague. The discussion is then opened up to everyone else. Often, there is a trained facilitator, who makes sure that the group stays focussed on its task, and that everyone follows the ground rules, such as not interrupting, and not trying to dominate the …


SALSA examines system logs to derive state-machine views of the sytem's execution, along with control-flow, data-flow models and related statistics. Exploiting SALSA's derived views and statistics, we can effectively construct higher-level useful analyses. We demonstrate SALSA's approach by analyzing system logs generated in a Hadoop cluster, and then illustrate SALSA's value by developing visualization and failure-diagnosis techniques, for three different Hadoop workloads, based on our derived statemachine views and statistics. Acknowledgements: This work is partially supported by the NSF CAREER Award CCR-0238381, NSF Award CCF-0621508, and the Army Research Office grant number DAAD19-02-1-0389 ("Perpetually Available and Secure Information Systems") to the Center for Computer and Communications Security at Carnegie Mellon University.


Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important legume grown as a garden and field crop throughout the temperate region of the world; it is also grown as a cool season crop. It ranks third in production among the grain legumes after soybeans and beans in the worlds. Pea is the valued primarily for the nutritional quality having high protein as 20-30%, vitamin A 5%, beta carotene 4%., and sufficient carbohydrates. The growth and development of peas are determined by the interaction of genetic factors, the environment and agricultural practices (Acikgoz et al., 2009). An improvement in yield of self-pollinated crop like garden pea is effected of mainly through selection of genotypes with superior characters for variation. Through recombination followed by selection heterosis in F1 generation as heterosis crosses may give a segregating and transgressive for economic traits in move forward generation. Breeding for superior varieties requires selection of parents capable of transmitting their desirable qualities. A rational approach for breeding is to select parents based on their combining ability rather than visual observations of their traits. The concept of combining ability analysis has significant practical importance International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 12 (2017) pp. 1574-1585 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

https://www.ijcmas.com/6-12-2017/Hariom Suman, et al.pdf


This paper discusses a programming problem with dump design in Bay river iron on Yunnan province. In order to solve the problem efficiently, Firstly we analysis the conditions about the geological, then design the dump of Jinping Bayriver iron on Yunnan province. However, the stability is very important for it, so we must evaluate the stability After calculation, indicating that the dump is stable . Dump stability computations premise is original geological terrain slope below the slip plane does not exist, design thought should also be considered in the proof of groundwater erosion, but because of the extent of the impact is difficult to make a judgment according to the available information, Calculated, assuming a potential slip plane "ABCF" stability factor FS2 = 1.31> (FS) = 1.15 ~ 1.30, indicating that the assumptions underlying the slip plane "ABCF" does not exist, is stable.


While activated autophagy is a well reported feature of cardiac disease, the exact role of autophagy in the etiology and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction is unclear; activation of autophagy appears to play either pro-survival or pro-apoptotic functions depending on the context. Here we demonstrate that dysfunctional autophagy plays a role in the development of angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Using a live, ex-vivo tissue imaging technique and transgenic LC3-GFP expressing mice we found that after short term (1 week) treatment, autophagic markers accumulate in angiotensin treated mouse hearts and that in a small population of cells this accumulation reaches a critical level where normal cell organization, specifically mitochondrial localization and contractile unit structure, and tissue architecture are disrupted. These observations are reminiscent of genetic diseases associated with dysfunctional autophagy, such as inclusion body myositis, where autophagic vesicles fail to pro...


Objective To observe the stability of freeze-dried DNA vaccine against dental caries at stage of pilot production.Methods Three batches of DNA vaccine against dental caries prepared during pilot production were stored at-70 ℃ for 16 months,then observed for appearance and determined for reconstitution time,moisture content,pH value after reconstitution and proportion of supercoiled plasmids every 2 months.Results During a period of 16 months,the freeze-dried vaccine looked like a crisp cake,of which the reconstitution time,moisture content,pH value and proportion of supercoiled plasmids were less than 1 min,less than 3%,7.30 ~ 7.46 and 85.02% ~ 97.15% respectively,while the various indexes met the relevant requirements,and the stability was high.Conclusion All the indexes of freeze-dried DNA vaccine against dental caries met the requirements in Technical Guideline for Pre-clinical Study on Prophylactic DNA Vaccines,and the quality was stable.


Objectives Eosinophils play an important role in asthmatic airway inflammation collaborately with other inflammatory cells. The present study was aimed to determine whether the eosinophil activation markers in induced sputum reflect the clinical status in asthmatics. Methods The clinical severity and FEV1 were measured. Hypertonic saline-induced sputum was obtained from 25 asthmatics and ten control subjects. We processed freshly expectorated sputum separated from saliva by treatment with an equal volume of dithiothreitol 0.1%, cytospins for cell count and special stain, and a collection of the supernatant for biochemical assay. We used a fluoroimmunoassay to detect eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and a sandwich ELISA to detect interleukin (IL)-5. Results Asthmatics, compared with control subjects, had a significantly higher proportion of eosinophils (25.6 ± 4.6% vs 1.7 ± 0.2%, p <0.01) and higher levels of ECP (1117.8 ± 213.9μg/L vs 154.6 ± 47.4μg/L, p<0.01) in their sputum. IL-5 was detected more frequently in asthmatics than in control subjects [11/25 (44%) vs 1/10 (10%), p <0.05]. Moderate to severe asthmatics had a significantly higher proportion of eosinophils, higher levels of ECP and IL-5 compared to mild asthmatics. FEV1, FEV1/FVC were significantly correlated with the proportion of eosinophils and the levels of ECP and IL-5. Significant positive correlations were noted between the proportion of eosinophils and the level of ECP and IL-5. Sputum ECP level showed a significant positive correlation with IL-5 level. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that eosinophils and the eosinophil activation markers, such as ECP and IL-5 in induced sputum, are closely related to the clinical status in asthmatics. Induced sputum study may thus be useful in clinically measuring indices of airway inflammation in asthma.


Social media data are widely used to gain insights about social incidents, whether on a local or global scale. Within the process of analyzing and evaluating the data, it is common practice to download and store it locally. Considerations about privacy protection of social media users are often neglected thereby. However, protecting privacy when dealing with personal data is demanded by laws and ethics. In this paper, we introduce a method to store social media data using the cardinality estimator HyperLogLog. Based on an exemplary disaster management scenario, we show that social media data can be analyzed by counting occurrences of posts, without becoming in possession of the actual raw data. For social media data analyses like these, that are based on counting occurrences, cardinality estimation suffices the task. Thus, the risk of abuse, loss, or public exposure of the data can be mitigated and privacy of social media users can be preserved. The ability to do unions and intersections on multiple datasets further encourages the use of this technology. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation for our introduced method, using data provided by the Twitter API.


ABSTRACT We know the Golden Rule of morality from various formulations in the most ancient of literary sources. Having a certain philosophical–theoretical and normative-ethical concept of the Golden Rule, we can compare the different versions to reconstruct its value-normative dynamics. This article presents the genesis of the Golden Rule in six stages, from a non-verbalized, situational-communicative experience (Homer), through verbalized situational experience (Ahiqar) and once again normatively generalized (Moses), through a normatively neutral reflection of the experience of reciprocity (Aristotle), to particular normative generalization (Tobit) and universal normative generalization, both negatively (Confucius, Hillel) and positively (Jesus) formulated.


University adjustment of foreign students: A study with undergraduates in a covenant program This study intended to evaluate some aspects of foreign students' adjustment, at one Federal University: global adaptation and satisfaction with their current life context, main diffi culties perceived and satisfaction with specifi c aspects. All students participated in a international covenant program called Undergraduate Student Agreement Program (PEC-G). Twenty-nine undergraduate students (representing 50% of the population), mainly from Africa, answered a questionnaire. Most of the students reported medium or good adaptation level. The major diffi culties mentioned were in relation to family, health and housing and less satisfaction was reported about leisure activities and health assistance. The main services they would like to count on at that moment would be career counseling, housing, and health assistance. This study indicates the need for considering cultural aspects when assisting those students, especially when arriving, and the need for further research examining different variables involved in adaptation.


Modern society is aware of the advantages of yogic exercise and breathing. Yogic exercise directly effects all the systems and organs of the body. This study examining behavioural approaches to alleviate the intensity and prevent progress of diabetes mellitus. And to enhance diabetes self-management by practising yoga. There were 22 male and 8 female participants with diabetes .Intervention program was for 3 months.  Before the intervention program started, 2 nd and 3 rd months blood report on fasting and after food were collected. Comparison of pre- post blood test have been done. There was a significant difference seen at 1% level. No significant difference found in relation with gender as well as with age span of the participants. The dose of the medication regimen remained the same under the protocol. A change in the life style adopted by the participant was that the practice of yoga for one hour. Along with a dietary change, preferably vegetarian food. Finding was, even though diabetes is a progressive disorder there is a continuous fall in the level of blood glucose of the participants. Clinical significance is not assured because the blood sugar level not attained the control level. While practising yogic exercise, eating healthier, and losing weight can enable to improve patients' glycaemic control. The anticipated requirement for additional medication is an unwanted burden for patients. Patients are aware that diabetes is typically a progressive disorder. Choosing the right therapy to prevent the speedy progress of the disease is essential. So that the worsening dysfunction of the organs can be checked. Systematic and regular practice of yoga can strengthen patient's physical endurance and can improve physiological and psychological functioning.


Our recent work has proved the possibility to obtain new transparent polycrystalline ceramics by complete and congruent crystallization from their parent glass. This process combines the advantages of glass (shaping ability and large scale production) with the intrinsic ceramic properties. Moreover, crystallization from glass enables fully dense ceramics with thin grain boundaries to be obtained. The presence of residual porosity (acting as scattering centers), which is usually the major drawback preventingtransparency in polycrystalline ceramics, is here avoided.


Background: Insulin injection education is important in diabetes mellitus patients' treatment in order to control blood glucose levels.
Objective: To present a new innovative teaching method for insulin injection.
Methods: Samples included diabetes patients, who were taught the first insulin injection at the diabetes clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital. They were divided into 2 groups (35 patients in each group): the experimental group was taught by the abdomen model for injections, and the control group was instructed by a traditional lecture style. Three evaluation forms were used: 1) injection observation sheet; 2) self-evaluation sheet of understanding and injection skill of the diabetes patients; and 3) evaluate efficiency form of teaching insulin injection model.
Results: The study revealed that the experimental group understood injection methods both in terms of injection skills and confidence in self-injection at more than 97% except for fear. The study found that trypanophobia decreased 70.2% and fear of pain reduced 82.8%. The abdomen model teaching method yielded effective results to increase injection skills, knowledge, and understanding of self-injection.
Conclusions: This abdomen model is now used to teach insulin injection as a commercial product sold at the Center of Excellent Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University. This model is currently used as one of the medical tools for teaching insulin injection at the diabetes mellitus clinic of the medical outpatient unit of Ramathibodi Hospital.


The "rimfire", or "cascade" gas switch Bloomquist, DD. et. al.,(1985), developed at Sandia National Laboratories, presently operates both in Hermes III (in oil with peak voltage of 2.5 MV) and in Z (in water at 4.8 MV). In the proposed ZR accelerator Struve, KW. et. al., (2001), pulse-compression section the switch needs to reliably function (less than 0.2 % probability of pre-fire, and /spl sim/2.5 ns jitter) at up to 5.5 MV, above any previous operation. We are studying appropriate design enhancements theoretically and in the laboratory Corley, JP. et. al., on Sandia's Advanced Pulsed Power Research Module (APPRM, 1 MA, 800-ns pulse).


A device for controlling an electric field at a high voltage component comprises a resistive layer (2) for field control, an insulating layer (6) arranged on said resistive layer and a semi-conducting or conducting layer (8) arranged on the insulating layer. The three layers meet at a triple point (9) where the insulating layer ends. The interface between the resistive layer and the insulating layer makes in said triple point an angle to said semiconducting or conducting layer of 60 DEG -120 DEG .


Various inadequacies and inconsistencies of previous treatments of heat flow in a nonequilibrium superconductor are pointed out. The energy current associated with a quasistatic time-dependent order parameter is calculated near the transition temperature using standard techniques and a result obeying the equation of continuity is obtained. Further microscopic calculations indicate the existence of local temperature gradients which drive the entropy current. An attempt is made to calculate corresponding additional terms in the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation.


Infectious disease transmission can be greatly influenced by human mobility. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese Government implemented travel restriction policies to mitigate the impact of the disease or even block the transmission chain of it. In order to quantify the impact of these policies on the number of infections and the peak time of transmission, this research modified the traditional SIR model by considering human mobility. The proposed model was validated using a Baidu Qianxi dataset and the results indicate that the number of total infections would have increased by 1.61 to 2.69 times the current value and the peak time would have moved forward by 3 to 8 days if there were no such restriction policies. Furthermore, a mixing index α added in the proposed model showed that the proportion of residents using public transport to travel between different areas had a positive relationship with the number of infections and the duration of the epidemic.


This paper introduces depth-slicing technique (DST) to detect and analyse dropping points of the ball for racket-based sports. Conventionally, dropping points of the ball is detected and recorded manually either on the spot or through sport video. As such, those approaches are very tedious and time-consuming. Furthermore, the detection of the dropping point is very subjective to human's judgement. There are different methods to obtain information for ball dropping points, but our major emphasis is on DST, which represents the object surface as points of cloud and are analysed based on a distribution map. In our research, sliced depth map sequences where the depth interval, also known as "interval of interest" which is just above the ground is captured using cost-effective RGB-D sensor, namely Microsoft Kinect sensor. With such implementation, the dropping points of the ball can be easily detected and stored. The racket based sport dataset that collected in this research is tennis. The data is statistically analysed by performing different experiments and results are obtained by a graph plotting. Conclusions are drawn from these results in order to enhance athlete's performance.


Insulin therapy is frequently required to achieve glycemic targets (A1c) in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, clinicians and patients face barriers with the complexities of multiple daily injection regimens. Patch-like wearable insulin devices, such as V-Go, may simplify and optimize this complexity. This study evaluated the change in A1C and insulin total daily dose (TDD) in a suboptimally-controlled (not achieving A1C targets) T2D population after switching to V-Go. A retrospective chart analysis at a diabetes clinic was performed to evaluate change in A1c measurements from baseline (V-Go initiation) to end of study observation. Of the 139 patients enrolled, A1C significantly decreased from baseline (−1.5 ± 1.79%; p < 0.001). Patients prescribed insulin at baseline (n = 122) used significantly less insulin TDD (−8 u/day; p = 0.006). The percentage of patients meeting the target of A1C < 8% increased from 14% at baseline to 48% at study completion (p = 0.008). Patients prescribed a basal-bolus regimen prior to V-Go achieved an A1C reduction of 1.5 ± 2.0% (p < 0.0001) and experienced the greatest reduction in TDD (−24 u/day; p < 0.0001). Thus, patients switching to V-Go from a variety of therapies at baseline experienced reductions in A1C while using less insulin, with a reduction in clinically relevant hypoglycemia, indicating the potential benefit of V-Go in optimizing and simplifying T2D care.


N-Arylation or N-alkylation of chiral 1,2-diamines followed by ring closure with phosphorus trichloride (PCl 3 ) and subsequent coupling with an oxazoline alcohol resulted in a new class of N,P ligands. The corresponding iridium tetrakis[3,5-bis(tri-fluormethyl)phenyl]borate (BAr F ) complexes were found to be efficient catalysts for the enantioselective hydrogenation of unfunctionalized olefins and a,(3-unsaturated carboxylic esters.


The objective of this paper is to develop a high performance access mechanism for real-time memory-resident database systems. Real-time systems have very important properties: timeliness and predictability. In conventional database systems, hashing is known faster than tree access mechanism on the simple searches. Hence, on some environments, hash can be more appropriate to the real-time applications. On the other hand, tree index mechanism, it is possible to search to a range of specific data. Depending on the distance of a node in the tree, however, each access time to a node in the tree is different. This feature is not desirable for real-time database application, which requires deterministic data access behavior. In this paper, we present a new combined access mechanism called Hybrid Tree-Hash (Hybrid-TH) mechanism. This mechanism is a complementary integration of tree-index and hash-index structure assuring that a Worst-Case Execution Time is bounded within a specific time, especially, when range search operation works. Our analysis shows that Hybrid-TH provides the predictability of data access operation in real-time memory-resident database systems (DBMS).


Low vision is an intermediate condition between normal vision and blindness, secondary to an irreversible impairment of the visual system, causing losses in performance and achievement of certain activities. To minimize these problems, it is recommended the use of Assistive Technology resources. The objective of this paper was to report the development of a Reading Support (RS) prototype and describe the results of the preliminary tests. For the methodological aspect, a survey of different assistive devices available for individuals with low vision was conducted and it was decided to build a Reading Support prototype that considers the ergonomic needs of the user, with low cost, easy access and within the concept of universal design. The results were: reading support comprised of a support base, a reclining top facilitating the portability and rails to drive


Application of an effective prevention program for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) can be as varied as the types of systems susceptible to this corrosion process. By their design, fire protection systems are typically stagnant reservoirs of untreated water that provide ideal environmental conditions for MIC to proliferate, resulting in expensive but necessary repairs. There is particular concern when these systems are installed over manufacturing clean-room space, because pipe failure would cause major impacts on production. Since absolute effectiveness of any treatment program in fire sprinkler systems would take years to validate, there is evidence that through application of certain piping arrangements in the system and a consistent treatment program, formation of MIC can be prevented or delayed and pipe repairs postponed for scheduled downtime.


The invention provides a method and apparatus for restoring the fault of mobile communication core network register, comprising the following steps: step one: after the visited location register receiving the instruction of the home location register, and/or restarting because of fault, the visited location register reading all the international mobile subscriber identifier of the user data needing restoring and storing in the user restoring temporary table; step two, when there is international mobile subscriber identifier in the user restoring temporary, the visited location register batch taking out the international mobile subscriber identifier from the user restoring temporary table and restoring the user data according to the preset flow; or else, finishing the flow of restoring theuser data. Adopting the technical proposal reduces the time delay of mobile terminal calling and improves the success rate of calling, avoids the time delay of UE calling, and accelerates the restoring speed of user data because the technology is compatible with the prior art without obstruct and also increases the success rate of restoring user data.


In this study, the water quality investigated during 2002s to 2004s for Anyang river and its affluent that was based on biological and chemical methods as well as ecological index of each streams. The improving of water quality and the multiplicity of specious in the most streams except for Anyang, which was due to the improving of water quality and water resource. The seasonal dry states are completely disappeared, but water quality of Anyang main stream was classified as fifth grades water with BIP 8.51~10.00 and BOD 8.16~14.4mg/l in Anyang stream overall. And alpha-mesosaprobic in upper, mid parts and polysaprobic in down parts of Anyang main stream are appeared according to Saprobien system, respectively. The water supply of treated sewage is appeared that upgrading effects of water quality in Anyang main stream and affluents of Anyang city area, but the practical effects of "Saving Anyang River" could not gained because the water quality of other branches in upstream parts than upstream measuring point of Anyang main stream, Wanggok stream Sanbon stream in Gunpo and Eeiwang cities, was not improved.


Abstract The aim of this study was to define the performance model of wheelchair tennis, by means of 20 Hz GPS together with heart rate monitors, while also investigating potential surface-related differences. Hence, 12 matches performed by 12 nationally ranked wheelchair tennis players were examined. Each athlete played one match on the clay and one on the hard court according to a counterbalanced design, and the data regarding the parameters of maximum heart rate (HRmax), average heart rate (HRav), maximum speed (SPmax), average speed (SPav), maximum acceleration (ACCmax), maximum deceleration (DECmax), maximum metabolic power (MPmax), average metabolic power (MPav) and energy expenditure (EE) were analysed. The average match duration was 82 ± 16 min on clay courts (C) and 68 ± 17 min on hard courts (H) (p = .06), while the distance covered is greater, but not significant, on clay courts (C > H, +10%). The t-test did not highlight significant differences pertaining to the playing surface. The linear regression showed significant values concerning the distance covered (C: p < .0001, r2 = .82, H: r2 = .81) and the energy expenditure (C: p < .05, r2 = .5, H: r2 = .9). The playing surface does not affect the performance of competitive wheelchair tennis athletes.


The effectiveness of integrating e-Learning into organizations are the important issues of many enterprise. Therefore, how to make enterprise staff obtaining new knowledge and skills effectively has become an important task in the department of human resourese. The purposes of this study were (1) to develop the integrated WebQuest into the digital educational training materials in the insurance company. (2) to investigate the acceptances of staff members about using the WebQuest in educational training in the insurance enterprise. Two educational training experts were interviewed for developing the WebQuest and PowerPoint digital materials. Thirty staff members were participated in this study for questionnaire survey. The results were as follows: (1)The material designer could develop the educational training material according the characteristics of WebQuest to integrate multimedia and the principles of interface design. (2)The results of survey indicated both of novice and senior staff members significantly showed higher acceptances on WebQuest in overall educational training materials, instructional design, and material content. In the training applications, the senior staff members showed more positive attitude toward the PowerPoint material. (3)The results of interview of experts indicated that both instructional design and contents of WebQuest could meet the learning needs. They indicated that it is still needed to consider the characteristics and needs of the staff member in applying the WebQuest on the education and training applications. The digital WebQuest educational training materials for insurance company staff had higher acceptance of educational training. Therefore, the WebQuest can be used as an effective model for educational training in enterprise.


The complex biochemical interactions which occur between parasites and their host cells require elucidation for a clear understanding of how an infectious process develops. Whether the reactions between microorganisms and tissues occur directly or are mediated through secondary mechanisms has been the subject of considerable discussion (Sanford, Barnett, and Gott, 1960; Gilbert, 1960; Atkins, 1960). The administration of bacterial products (e.g., endotoxins) generally elicits profound physiological changes in recipient animals, and it seems clear that many of the effects on cell metabolism are related to andrenergic mechanisms. Other studies (Yunis and Harrington, 1960; Vicari, Olitzki, and Olitzki, 1960; Cohn and Morse, 1960; Berk, Nelson, and Pickett, 1960) have shown in vitro in the absence of hormonal factors that some bacterial preparations directly affect certain mammalian enzyme systems. Many of the discrepant findings seem best explained in terms of differences in cell type employed (e.g., rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes, human leukemic leukocytes, mouse monocytes) and in kind of bacterial preparation tested. Previous studies in this laboratory indicated that the succinoxidase activity in vitro of mouse monocytes was depressed in the presence of dead Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Berk et al., 1960; Berk and Nelson, 1960a). In addition, other studies demonstrated that trace amounts of a pseudomonad polysaccharide (Piromen) depressed the oxidase activities of liver mitochondria (Berk and Nelson, 1960b). The studies reported here were undertaken to characterize better the nature of the inhibitory substance from pseudomonads, and to compare its action on mouse tissues with lipopolysaccharide endotoxins of other bacteria.


Jiang Jingqi's Yao Hua Ji was compiled in the 25th year of Emperor Kang Xi(1686).At that time,Zhe Xi School of Ci poetry had prevailed throughout the circle of Ci poetry.But its defects,such as blankness and fragmentalism,also revealed in its creations.The aims of compiling Yao Hua Ji were to gather and conserve the excellent Ci poems,to reveal the tendency of development of the Ci poetry in the Qing Dynasty,and to rectify the ill inclination in Ci writings.The open attitude towards Ci selections in Yao Hua Ji greatly influences later selections of Ci poetry.


Nowadays, hydropower is one of the significant renewable energy that most developed. This source of energy is hugely known as an environmental friendly operation put it as a main choice among other salvage source of energy. The objective of this project is to develop the hydroelectric generator by using piping system in emergency situation like blackout or natural disaster and also can reduce the environment degradation. Besides that, the purpose of this project also to build a useful, effective, convenience, reliable, environment friendly and to store the generated power by means of battery charging for future use particularly during electricity blackouts. The project scopes were to design, develop, analyse and install it at house. This hydro generator is very easy to install and only need a low cost to build it. Besides that, this project focuses on hydroelectric generator using piping system and the project development based on the large hydroelectric generator. The system has function properly when the water from the main tank flow through pipeline to rotate the turbine to generate the electrical energy.


Picasso's strategy might be retidered as ''I'll know it when I see it." Information scientists also use this approach but they know it as serendipity-"the faculty of making happy and unexpected discoveries by accident" (Oxford English Dictionary). When it works, i t often returns useful results. It cannot, however, be relied on because there is no procedure that can be invoked to guarantee that it will work. This collection of papers considers the tools and procedures now available or of possible future benefit for searching the Internet more systematically, and also discusses how Internet pages can be modified to facilitate more efficient retrieval. We hope that the topics treated and the questions posed herein will prove interesting, challenging, and valuable to a wide audience. This audience may include:


This report describes fuel cell research and development activities at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) during the period January through March 1982. These efforts have been directed toward (1) evaluating the dissolution of NiO cathodes in molten carbonate fuel cells and (2) seeking alternative cathode materials. Solubility data were taken for NiO in a cathode environment, and previously operated cells were examined for nickel transfer. A literature search was made for prospective alternative cathode materials, and synthesis of new materials was begun. Apparatus was assembled for conductivity measurements on cathode materials.


The continuing demand for smaller, lighter multifunctional portable electronic products has driven the use of miniature components. To satisfy this demand, 01005 chip components are now commercially available. However the implementation for such tiny components into new products presents some design and assembly process challenges. In this study, a test vehicle was designed to investigate the effect of PCB pad design on assembly yield. Process capability of the 01005 test board manufacturing was evaluated. A Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to optimize the solder paste printing based on 3D solder paste inspection. Lead free solder was used for all assembly trials. Several tests were performed to explore the influences of process parameters on placement accuracy and reflow defects. Through the analysis of experimental results and post-reflow inspection for assembly defects, recommendations for PCB design and assembly processes are made. Introduction Due to the desire to make electronic products smaller and lighter, miniaturization and reducing spacing between components is the general trend in the electronics industry, particularly for handheld electronic products such as camcorders, cameras, cell phones and laptops. In fact, another driving force for smaller components is the increasing complexity of features and functions. Passive components occupy significant area on the PCB, especially for analog and mix-signal applications that use a larger number of passives compared to a typical digital system [1]. Reducing the size of the passive components and the spacing between them would increase the packaging density, and is an efficient way to miniaturize many electronic products. The second trend impacting the electronics industry is the switch to lead free solder in response to the RoHS and WEEE Directives in Europe, recycling laws in Japan and pending regulations in China and California. The wetting characteristics of lead free solders are different from eutectic Sn/Pb [2], and higher reflow temperatures are required. Recently, 0201 components have been implemented in very high density applications such as mobile phones, blue tooth modules, and wireless LANs after extensive process optimization [3-10]. Resistors and capacitors are now being produced in the extremely miniaturized 01005 size (0.4mm x 0.2mm). However, the use of such a tiny component poses challenges for SMT assembly. The main factors affecting the 01005 assembly process can be divided into the following categories: PCB design, components, stencil, solder paste, PCB handling, printing, pick and placement, reflow and inspection [11, 12]. In order to investigate the effect of PCB design on assembly yield, a 01005 test vehicle was designed with different pad sizes, resistor-to-resistor spacing, shapes and orientations. Experiments were performed to optimize and characterize the solder paste printing, component placement and reflow processes. Test Vehicle Design In order to optimize pad designs and evaluate assembly processes for 01005 components, a test vehicle was designed. The pad dimensions are shown in Table 1. Pad Size Type 1 is considered 'nominal'. The pads were non-solder mask defined (NSMD). The other variables in the PCB design included: one laser drilled via in one of the two pads; a laser drilled via in both of the pads; no via in either pad; different resistor orientations (0, 45 and 90); resistor-to-resistor spacing; and intentional solder mask misalignment.


The problems of aging women both in the world and in our country are becoming increasingly relevant. The sharp increase in the incidence among women of the age category, which coincides with the age of menopause, is a serious argument for considering this period and the associated changes as one of the priorities of modern medicine. Already today, despite the general tendency to aging of the population, a third of the life of the majority of women falls on the post-menopausal period, which acquires a special social and even state significance. However, these changes begin at a younger age, which requires close attention of specialists, because it is at this stage that the development of long-term programs to preserve both the reproductive and the general health of the female population is important. The article considers modern views on the problem of ovarian function diminishing in perimenopause and the problem of aging in general. Reproductive and biological age markers and hormonal disorders causing clinical manifestations of perimenopause are given. Attention is paid to the definition of psychological age, its influence on the psychological status of a woman whose passport age is over 40 years old, which coincides with the peak of her professional and social activities. Analyzed modern views on improving the quality of life of women who are in the perimenopausal period. Currently, there are many methods for timely assessment of disorders in systems and organs that can provoke the occurrence of age-related diseases. Therefore, the task of modern medicine is to prevent early aging and introduce preventive methods that improve the quality of life and increase its duration. As the authors of the article note, the assessment of biological and reproductive age is important for the prevention of diseases that can be avoided by following simple guidelines for optimizing lifestyle.


The provision of appropriate vocational instruction and support services for handicapped learners has been increasingly significant. Since the passage of Public Law 94-482 (The Education Amendments of 1976-Title II: Vocational Education), the states have begun to more intensively serve the needs of local education agencies (LEAs) through state consultants who specialize in vocational/career programming for handicapped students. The consultants often provide services in areas such as inservice training, needs assessment, and technical assistance. Local administrators, supervisors, teachers, paraprofessionals, and other personnel are frequently the recipients of similar services. State education agency (SEA) personnel, including vocational education, special education, rehabilitation, and other agencies, may also be served by the consultants, particularly in inter-


In the PNAS paper "Polo-like kinase 4 inhibition produces polyploidy and apoptotic death of lung cancers," Kawakami et al. (1) treat lung cancer cell lines and mouse tumor models with the small molecule CFI-400945 and interpret its effects as being solely due to inhibition of Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), the kinase essential for centrosome duplication (2). We believe that this interpretation, unambiguously stated in the title and reiterated throughout the abstract and text, is incorrect because there is compelling evidence that CFI-400945 has profound cellular effects that cannot be attributed to PLK4 inhibition.

To analyze the consequences of centrosome removal, we developed the potent and selective PLK4 inhibitor, centrinone (3). The biochemical and cellular specificity of centrinone has been validated using enzymatic assays and centrinone-resistant cells generated by introducing an active site mutation into the endogenous PLK4 locus (3). We and others have used centrinone to deplete centrosomes from >40 different cell lines (3⇓ …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: koegema{at}ucsd.edu or ashiau{at}ucsd.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


This paper presents the absorber in which it is designed and shaped to absorb incident radio frequency (RF) radiation. The absorber is designed using composite material since the significance of the project is to find a potential solution to construct a low cost anechoic chamber. This model of mini anechoic chamber, which is consisting of the new designed absorber, is portable and small in size so that it is more user friendly. The performance of the designed absorber are compared to commercial absorber available. The absorber that has been developed is a low cost absorber with the absorption rate is 16.6% less compared to the commercial absorber.


Unfortunately the finish of this useful book is not quite scholarly. The notes are at the end, but they include no note to p. 129; on the other hand a note is printed to p. 153 which is not indicated in the text. The note printed for p. 215 should presumably be for p. 216. There are wrongly numbered notes (177, 190 and 211). There is a note missing (200), and one letter referred to (237 n.i) seems to be misdated by a century. UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER W. R. WARD


Indigenous Australian author David Hardy has enjoyed worldwide success in the exciting world of Disney with his illustration skills. But with fatherhood he discovered a new way to use his talents as Merle Morcom reports.


Abstract Food and nutrition security remain Africa's most fundamental challenge for human welfare and economic growth. In this study, recent survey data from Osun State, Nigeria, was used to examine the effect of food expenditure on farming households' welfare in Nigeria. Logistic and OLS regression models were the analytical tools used. Food Insecurity Gap (FIG) and Squared Food Insecurity Gap (SFIG) were used to capture the severity of food insecurity among the households. The results showed that, all households sampled consume rice, beans, vegetable, fish and oil as basic food items, while only 32% of them consume potatoes. The regression results showed that the household size, per capita income, dependency ratio and age were the highly significant factors influencing food expenditure. However, the coping strategy that was mostly adopted by the farmers in the study area was to cut down on the numbers of food items consumed. Therefore, it was recommended that farm mechanization should be encouraged for optimal land use and productivity. In all, promoting agricultural policies with appropriate price incentives that focus on intensification, diversification and resource-stabilizing innovations will create more wealth for all categories of farming households and this in turn will ensure food security, especially in an era of economic deregulation.


Currently, the previous studies on the concept, configuration, and system regarding spacial information policies show the little progress. However, these studies only propose the basic structure system in terms of a policy theory, seeking and suggesting the basic concept to establish spacial information policies. In the shift of a new paradigm from a PC-based paradigm that began in the mid-2000s to the current smart society based on mobile devises, such as smart phones, this study thus reviewed the strategic direction of the propulsion to establish the desired future strategy for the spatial technology policy with spatial information system that can influence the future national competitiveness of Korea. The results of this study is expected to be used to analyze a variety of issues and technological changes on geospatial intelligence at the global level and to support the establishment of a road-map for policies and research & development on domestic geospatial information.


The presence of a BRAF mutation is a strong marker for poor prognosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and can be used as evidence of a sporadic mechanism of mismatch repair deficiency. BRAF mutation may also predict resistance to EGFR‐targeted therapy. A BRAF V600E‐specific antibody has recently become commercially available. The aim of this study was to determine whether immunohistochemistry can predict BRAF mutations in CRC.


This paper represents the real condition in libraries of local colleges in underdeveloped areas and the features of Compact Disc(CD) with books.Then it discusses the administration of CD.Last,the suggestion is proposed that the measures should be adjusted to local conditions to use CD effectively.


Single oral doses of 0.3 mg, 0.5 mg and 5 mg Norethindrone (NET) and 0.5 mg and 5 mg Lynestrenol (lyn) were given to five women. Lynestrenol is probably metabolized through NET and exerts its main biological activity as NET. Plasma concentrations of NET were determined by a radioimmunoassay at different intervals after administration of the tablets. Peak concentrations of NET were found within two hours after intake of each tablet. The plasma half life of NET after NET and lyn administration for the period 8–24 h was 8–11 h. No significant difference was found between the half life of NET after the NET tablets and after the lyn tablets. When 5 mg NET was given the plasma half life of NET for the period 24–72 h was around 10 h and this was significantly shorter than the half‐life of NET after 5 mg lyn, which was 161/2 h. The systemic availability of the drugs was estimated by calculating and comparing the areas under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC). 0–24 h. The AUC 0.24 after 0.3 mg NET was almost identical to the AUC 0–24 after 0.5 mg lyn. The AUC 0–24 after 0.5 mg NET was significantly larger than after 0.5 mg lyn. No difference was found between the AUC 0–24 after 5 mg lyn and 5 mg NET. This study supports the concept of a conversion from lyn to NET. It also shows that there were only minor pharrnacokinetic differences between the drugs when all samples were measured as NET.


Many informations have confirmed that some alkylated dibenzothiophenes(Cx-DBT)also can be used as model compounds of biodesulfurization with dibenzothiophene(DBT),which was one and only in previous studying.This paper reviews some advances about microbial desulfurizaˉtion based on Cx-DBT and those compounds so far as I know are particularized.It explains the relationship between the reactivity of microorganism and the parameters such as substituent,molecular shape and temperature.It also shows the preferential pattern of the first C-S bond cleavage by desulfurizing microbes when using asymmetrical Cx-DBT,indicating the recognition specificities of desulfurization enzymic systems.


Air shower simulations are essential for interpreting data from cosmic ray experiments. At highest energies though, a microscopic treatment of a whole shower is not possible any more, since it would require a huge amount of CPU-time. We review hybrid approaches of air shower simulation which try to overcome this problem without giving rise to artificial fluctuations as generated by the thinning algorithm.


In the past 2 dark‐coloured forms of the meat ant, Iridomyrmex purpureus (F. Smith), occurring in arid and semi‐arid areas of Australia have been confused under the name viridiueneus Viehmeyer. This name properly applies only to a form in which the workers are dark brown to black with green and pinkish violet iridescence. The other form, distinguished by blue iridescence, is undescribed.


In the world of education, Information technology is very necessary for students and teachers to gain a broad knowledge. Students will seek additional information other than those taught by the teacher, all of which can be obtained from the library. Library is one of the facilities owned by SMK Boarding School Brebes. The library is handled by a librarian and two administrative persons. Administrative tasks vary considerably. So far, administrators process member data input, book data input, return borrowing input and make annual monthly report using computerized. But whether only with computerization that is in the library. Then what if the students want to know information about what book collections are available without having to come keperpustakaan, For that need to be designed digital library applications that can be accessed by students and teachers through the internet. In digital library information system pembutan design method used is Data Flow Diagram (DFD), with Dreamweaver CS4 application, SQL Server 2008 for database design. By using this digital library information system can facilitate information about what book collection is available without having to come keperpustakaan.


This article aims to address the disconnect between housing and rural development research. We do this by examining models of rural development (exogenous, endogenous and neo-endogenous) in the rural housing context. Drawing on in-depth documentary analysis of planning and rural development policy and research in the Republic of Ireland, we demonstrate a series of policy failures in implementing exogenous and pseudo-endogenous approaches to housing policy in rural areas. Subsequently, we propose a neo-endogenous framework for a more effective integration of housing and rural development theory and practice. In an international context Ireland represents an insightful case for studying the relationship between rural development and housing, due to the emphasis on housing development in rural areas, which in essence has represented a 'quick fix' for development, as evidenced by the country's liberal planning regime during an extraordinary housing boom period until the more recent property crash. While the article focuses on Ireland as a case-study, lessons and a framework for a neo-endogenous model of rural development and housing are also drawn internationally.


An isothiourea-catalysed enantioselective synthesis of novel tetrahydroindolizine derivatives is reported through a one-pot tandem sequential process. The application of 2-(pyrrol-1-yl)acetic acid in combination with either a trifluoromethyl enone or an α-keto-β,γ-unsaturated ester in an enantioselective Michael addition–lactonisation process, followed by in situ ring-opening and cyclisation, led to a range of 24 tetrahydroindolizine derivatives containing three stereocentres in up to >95 : 5 dr and >99 : 1 er.


The analytical expressions for the time-dependent cross-correlations of the translational and rotational Brownian displacements of a particle with arbitrary shape are derived. The reference center is arbitrary, and the reference frame is such that the rotational-rotational diffusion tensor is diagonal.


Abstract: Public participation is an important way to improve the overall effect and social recognition of rural environmental governance in water source areas. Public participation makes environmental governance measures more targeted and effective, contributes to protecting the basic environmental rights of the public, and makes it easier to meet the livelihood needs of rural people. Public participation in rural environmental governance in water source areas is characterized by complex behavior and is dependent on public willingness to participate. Amongst other factors, it is subject to the combined influences of both internal (psychological cognition) and external (environmental regulation) conditions. This paper builds a theoretical framework for understanding public participation behavior in rural environmental governance, and uses it to analyze a case in the rural area surrounding the Xiqin Water Works in Fujian Province. In the case study, the public shows high willingness to participate, but low actual rates of participation. At the same time, the willingness of villagers to pay for the control of pollution from livestock and poultry breeding varies greatly from village to village, and there are also noticeable individual differences in public participation in the use of public collection points for rural household waste. We found that gender, understandings of environmental protection and perception of environmental regulation, play a key role in influencing the willingness of farmers to pay for the control of pollution from livestock and poultry breeding. Individual awareness of environmental protection, environmental protection facility conditions, and environmental service quality had a significant influence on public participation in the use of public collection points for rural household waste.


Alliance of Civil Society Organization (ACSO) Bojonegoro is striving to solve the problem by advocating the CSR issue which have more fair and sustainable through public policy (local regulation) about CSR. The main research question is how the advocacy by ACSO in obtaining the access of CSR management using the local regulation? This research uses qualitative approach and utilize various primary data from interviews and observations, also secondary data from news and documentation. This article shows that the CSR advocacy through local regulation in Bojonegoro district was not successful. The relation between ACSO and DPRD was not harmonious. The DPRD chose to ratify the draft of CSR management that has been formulated by the DPRD members. The political parties inside DPRD were stronger to force and formulate public policy of CSR.