1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES General study of activating space used fragmentary and subjective survey data, but this study used Big-data analysis which systematically builds informal information of many people by combining non-physical information and physical space was performed. The purpose of this study is to construct and utilize objective data that presents the needs and perceptions of consumers based on the traditional market activation policy by measuring the scope of urban space change. * 이 논문은 2018년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임 (NRF-2018S1A5A8030044). ** 주 저 자 : 서울시립대학교 도시공학과 연구교수, firstname.lastname@example.com *** 교신저자 : 서울시립대학교 도시공학과 정교수, email@example.com ⊳접수일(2019년 1월 2일), 수정일(1차 : 2019년 1월 25일), 게재확정일(2019년 2월 1일)


As discussed by Bosart and Bartlo (1991, hereafter BB), tropical cyclone Diana (1984) formed to the east of Florida, and slightly poleward of a decaying stationary front that had moved unusually far south for early September. Poleward of this front, strong easterly flow drove large latent heat fluxes approaching 1000 W m 2. The incipient cyclone was diagnosed by BB to grow in response to mesoscale ascent and vortex stretching caused by a cold-core upper tropospheric trough centered over Florida at 1200 UTC 7 September 1984. While many tropical cyclones developing in the northern Caribbean are influenced by extratropical, upper-tropospheric trough-ridge systems (Bracken and Bosart 2000), Diana was notable for the amplitude of the baroclinic precursor. The present paper utilizes numerical simulations with the Fifth-Generation PSU/NCAR mesoscale model (MM5)(Grell et al. 1994) in order to quantify genesis of Diana better than could be done with observations alone. The unique aspect of our study is that no bogussing of an initial mesoscale vortex is performed. Our simulation captures the entire evolution of the storm from weak baroclinic cyclone to a tropical storm (Davis and Bosart 2001). This study primarily examines sensitivities to model physics and horizontal grid spacing. In particular, we use minimum grid spacings of 9 km, 3 km and a separate large-domain simulation with a grid spacing of 1.2 km. In Fig. 1 are shown the domains of the model integrations.


Ulysses observations during the inbound leg of the February 1992 encounter with Jupiter offer the opportunity to evaluate both the hinged magnetodisc and the magnetic anomaly models currently used to describe the Jovian magnetospheric corotation lag. Particle and field detectors on board Ulysses measure signatures of the current and plasma sheets. The locations of these sheets in radius and system III longitude are then used as inputs to the models. It is shown that the hinged magnetodisc model is able to explain some characteristics of the data but unable to explain others. The magnetic anomaly model appears to account for the overall nature of the magnetospheric corotational lag; however, it, too, cannot fully account for the Ulysses data. A modification of the magnetic anomaly model is offered which adequately explains the Ulysses data and, with the assumption of a sufficiently significant, time-dependent Iogenic plasma source, explains data from previous Jupiter encounters as well.


Remote code injection exploits inflict a significant societal cost, and an active underground economy has grown up around these continually evolving attacks. We present a methodology for inferring the phylogeny, or evolutionary tree, of such exploits. We have applied this methodology to traffic captured at several vantage points, and we demonstrate that our methodology is robust to the observed polymorphism. Our techniques revealed non-trivial code sharing among different exploit families, and the resulting phylogenies accurately captured the subtle variations among exploits within each family. Thus, we believe our methodology and results are a helpful step to better understanding the evolution of remote code injection exploits on the Internet.


Previous studies have reported that the saponins isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (Campanulaceae), Changkil saponins (CKS), inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in cultured lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. The aim of this presented study was to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of CKS by examining their effect on the inflammatory response induced by carrageenan in a rat by using an acute air pouch inflammation model. CKS significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory process markers in the air pouch, such as the volume of exudates, the amount of protein and the number of leukocytes and neutrophils. The levels of TNF-α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were also markedly lower in the air pouch of the CKS-treated animals than in the controls. An immunoblot analysis showed that CKS reduced the COX-2 expression level in the exudate cells. In addition, CKS significantly reduced the paw edema induced by carrageenan and also markedly reduced the level of PGE2 production in the inflamed paw. These results suggest that CKS had significant anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the role of oedema like changes of the suprapatellar fat pad in the development of anterior knee pain.

METHODS
Total 156 knee MRIs of 150 patients from December 2015 to July 2019 were retrospectively evaluated by a radiologist with 13 years of MRI experience for the configuration of the suprapatellar fat pads. Population was divided into two groups according to referring physicians' notes for presence of anterior knee pain. The study group consisted of the patients with complaints of anterior knee pain. The control group consisted of patients without anterior knee pain. Maximum craniocaudal, anteroposterior and oblique diameters and relative signal intensity indexes of the suprapatellar fat pads were measured and compared between the groups. Configurations of the fat pads were recorded (triangular shaped vs convex posterior bordered suprapatellar fat pads), and measurements of the triangular shaped and convex posterior bordered suprapatellar fat pads were compared. Student t test was used for statistical analysis. Statistically significant differences and correlations were defined as p<0.05.

RESULTS
The diameters and relative signal intensity indexes of the fat pads showed no significant difference between the groups (p=0.588, 0.744, 0.874 and 0.201, respectively). Anteroposterior and oblique diameters and relative signal intensity indexes of the suprapatellar fat pads were correlated with convex posterior border (p=0.001, 0.003 and 0.000, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Oedema-like changes of the suprapatellar fat pad seen at knee MRIs are correlated with the configuration of the fat pad, but are rarely associated with anterior knee pain.


Summary Artery-to-vein and artery-to-urine transit characteristics of 125I-myoglobin across the rabbit kidney were compared to those of cadmium-metallothionein (CdMT) labelled with 109Cd, and their interaction during tubular reabsorption was determined. Both proteins are reabsorbed by a saturable system, mutually inhibit each other's reabsorption, and suffer similar tubular transit delays. On the basis of these results, and of the previous observation that myoglobin inhibition of CdMT reabsorption is fully reversible, we may tentatively conclude that the two proteins compete for reabsorption by a common transport system. This system also reacts with hemoglobin, indicating that its affinity for substrates is determined by factors other than purely size of the protein molecule.


Monthly average tea production is given from the year 1982 to 2002 in million kilograms. The most important feature of the data is that while there is no any seasonality, a small positive trend is observed. Throughout the period, the average tea production is 19.665±4.486 million Kgs. The de-trend data follow ARMA (2, 4) time series model. This implies that the present tea production value Yt , depends on Y t  1 , Y t  2 and the four steps of noise terms. The forecasting values show a decline of the tea production.


Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea and gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. Over 215,000 children under five years of age die from rotavirus infection each year, mostly in developing world1. Currently two live attenuated oral rotavirus vaccines are available globally (Rotarix® and RotaTeq®) to reduce the burden of this disease with an efficacy of >90% in developed countries2. Vaccine efficacy is lower, however, in developing countries due to a variety of factors3. To this end, a non-replicating rotavirus (NRRV) vaccine candidate, containing three recombinant protein antigens (P2-VP8-P[4], P2-VP8-P[6] and P2-VP8-P[8]), is being developed by PATH and its partners as a trivalent vaccine for use in the developing world4. This trivalent rotavirus vaccine candidate includes the three antigens from the most prevalent serotypes associated with >90% of rotavirus gastroenteritis worldwide.


The hitherto unreported 1, 3, 2X5-benzoxazastibinines have been synthesised by sodium borohydride reduction of salicylideneaniline to N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)aniline and subsequent cyclisation of the disodium salt of the latter with R3SbBr2 (R = Ph, p-tolyl or mesityl) . These compounds have been characterised by elemental analyses, molecular weight determination, IR, far IR, 1H and ^C NMR and mass spectral data. INTRODUCTION Among the group 15 heterocycles the nitrogen heterocycles are well known as well as ring systems containing heavier group 15 heteroatoms(1). 1,3-Oxazine derivatives are of biological and pharmacological importance(2-7) and the introduction of phosphorus in the oxazine ring at the 2-position yields compounds which find applications in cancer research(8-11) . A few heterocycles containing N, As and Ο are also known(12-13) but only five-membered heterocycles containing N, Sb and 0 have been described (14-15). Thus we thought it to be of interest to synthesise six-membered heterocycles containing N, Sb and 0 as heteroatoms. EXPERIMENTAL Triarylantimony dibromides were prepared and purified by the methods reported in literature(16-19). Salicylideneaniline was obtained by the condensation of salicylaldehyde with aniline in ethanol(20) . N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)aniline was obtained by the reduction of salicyclideneaniline with NaBH^ in methanol by a reported method(21). Solvents and other chemicals were dried and purified before use. The purity of the samples was checked


Currently,the map of scanning the field of digital technology has become one of the primary means on GIS to obtain the data.The author applied MapGIS6.7 software to enrich the theoretical knowledge and a lot of practice,based on the original scanned maps found during calibration some of the problems and explore solutions that a more scientific and accurate method of geological map correction process.


Container (1) configured to allow the evaporation of volatile substances, comprising first and second chambers (2, 3), wherein said first chamber (2) contains a porous material (4) impregnated with a first volatile substance contains an insecticide and / or perfume, and wherein the second chamber (3) containing 1 May volatile substance suitable indicative to provide a visual indication of end of life of the first volatile, characterized in substance that said second chamber is closed by a permeable film (5) which allows the evaporation of the volatile substance indicative in a vapor state, and wherein the amount of said first volatile substance and indicative volatile substances and their composition, are selected to synchronize the evaporation of said volatile substances, so that the evaporation of said volatile substances is synchronized so that both volatile substances are exhausted at the same weather.


Nowadays the main resources of molybdenum are disseminated copper porphyries. ln this ores, molybdenum content is very low, in the order of 0.05%. --rhe standard method is the obtaining of a Cu-Mo global concentrate and then separating the sulfídes by using different process. Copper concentrates are at lest 90% free of gangue minerais and Mo is in a low content, of 0.3 to I%. At the present is a great interest exists for Molybdenite recovery dueto the increase of molybdenum price. Most plants apply the depressing copper sulfídes method with differcnt reagents ; ali those used have serious questions for their toxicity. A few plants depress molybdcnite with dextrin and then this reagent is destroyed by roasting before re-floating the molybdenite to reach the commercial degrec, more than 50% of Mo. The Instituto de lnvestigaciones Mineras together with Unitan Company of Argentina are developing an alternative method that uses a biodegradablc and non-toxic reagent for the Cu-Mo separation. Low consumptions of modified tannin allow to selectively depressing molybdenite and then their depressor effect is neutralizcd by simple trcatmcnts to molybdenite re-floating taking advantage of its native floatability. This study includcs products characteristics; application details and metallurgical results. Laboratory results show that lhe modificd quebracho extracts are molybdenite selective depressors. lt is possible to separa te two products, one with 97'Yo of the copper anel the other with 70 85% of molybdenum. WORDS KEY: Flotation-ReagcntsCopper-MolybdenumSeparation -Tannin


whether of the Norman Conquest or the Industrial Revolution. Particularly striking is his consistent application of what is now known as 'above-ground archaeology', though using the eye without the aid of the trowel and thereby maintaining the tradition pioneered by Robert Willis and John Bilson. Each of the two volumes is self-contained, with a glossary and index and an approachable introduction to the history of cathedrals containing a noteworthy discussion of historicism. The division between the volumes may be (as the foreword describes it) by an 'imaginary' line between the Severn and the Blackwater, but its eastern end performs the useful service of separating Essex from Norfolk and Suffolk, which may go some way to correcting the widespread habit of absorbing the lands of the East Saxons into those of the East Angles. Since this is the sort of publication which is likely to see subsequent editions, it is worth mentioning three technical points which would improve the consistency and value of the books. First, it should be easier to locate each building in its town or city. There is obviously no problem with small towns or prominent sites such as Lincoln, but what of Archer's Anglican Cathedral in Birmingham? What might have been evident from the perambulations of the original volumes is here no longer so, which suggests that the location should be given, preferably in some standardized form, at the start of each entry. Secondly, there should be a ground plan for each entry, and thirdly it should be spelt out that the two different types of lettering on the frontispiece map are intended to distinguish between ancient and modern foundations.


Abstract: The Miyako toad, Bufo gargarizans miyakonis, is a subspecies endemic to the Miyako Islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago. The distribution of B. g. miyakonis is curious since no toads are found on other islands in the remaining part of the Ryukyu Archipelago. In this study, we conducted phylogenetic estimation and population genetic analyses using sequence data of the mitochondrial control region to clarify the phylogenetic position of B. g. miyakonis in the B. gargarizans species group and its population history. Results of phylogenetic analyses suggested that B. g. miyakonis was closely related to eastern populations of B. gargarizans and that there is incomplete lineage sorting among these populations. The divergence time between B. g. miyakonis and its closest lineages was estimated to be 0.54–0.75 Ma, the Middle Pleistocene, which was a little younger than the estimated value provided by the previous study. It is probable that the migration of the ancestor of B. g. miyakonis was strongly affected by the Middle Pleistocene glacial cycle. Population genetics analyses suggested that this subspecies experienced a rapid population size expansion, and that there is moderate genetic differentiation of sub-populations. Although the B. g. miyakonis population has a relatively high-level genetic diversity, it is also unique, having a significant number of accumulated mutations following rapid demographic expansion.


The optical modulation by acoustoelectric domain has been observed in semiconductive CdS single crystal at room temperature. The nature and mechanism for this optical modulation are discussed, as compared with the Franz-Keldysh effect by the high electric field. The electric field in the domain observed here is saturated by 5 kV/cm, while the optical modulation signals rise linearly. There is little shift of the edge, calculated from the experimental and theoretical results of the Franz-Keldysh effect at the saturation field. Furthermore, the optical modulation signals are clearly visible for several nanoseconds after the applied voltage is removed. Therefore, the optical modulation is not caused by the high electric field but is associated with the intense acoustic flux in the domain. Using the optical modulation technique, the acoustic flux reflected at the anode end is observed even for the application of the voltage. The propagation velocity of acoustic domain, where the voltage is applied perpendicul...


Prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are rising in the United States. The leading cause of STI transmission is engagement in risky sexual behaviors such as unprotected intercourse, which may be conceptualized as an impulsive behavior. Specifically, individuals who engage in unprotected intercourse may do so because they have difficulty waiting for a condom if one is currently unavailable. Studies have viewed decisions about condom use through the behavioral economic framework of delay discounting, in which the subjective value of a delayed outcome decreases as time to its receipt increases. Recent studies have decreased delay discounting in clinical populations using episodic future thinking (EFT); however, no studies have examined the effectiveness of EFT in decreasing delay discounting of condom-protected sex. The present online survey study compared the effects of EFT and control procedures on hypothetical sexual decision-making in the Sexual Delay Discounting Task (SDDT). In Experiment 1, which used a within-subjects design, participants completed the SDDT and a money delay discounting task, which has shown sensitivity to EFT in previous studies. In Experiment 2, which used a between-subjects design, cigarette-smoking participants (≥ 10 cigarettes per day, as in prior studies) completed either the SDDT or the money delay discounting task. Despite predictions that engaging in EFT would reduce discounting of the future rewards compared to control conditions, no significant effects of EFT on delay discounting were observed. Our findings suggest that EFT may not affect either sexual or monetary discounting. Future investigations of EFT should investigate other procedural differences between prior studies and continue to pursue time-based methods of reducing delay discounting and rates of STI transmission in at-risk populations.


ABSTRACT An efficient method for simultaneous detoxification and preparative separation of chlorogenic acid from Eupatorium adenophorum was developed. The entire procedure consisted of two separation steps. The first step was enrichment of chlorogenic acid from the crude extract by NKA-II macroporous resin. The purity of chlorogenic acid increased from 5.3% to 20.9% with a recovery of 88.7%. Subsequently, polyamide resin was used to achieve a higher purity. After the polyamide resin treatment, the main toxin 9-oxo-10,11-dehydroageraphorone was removed and the purity of chlorogenic acid reached 86.5% with a recovery of 84.8%. It provided a new way for the utilization of E. adenophorum.


Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs) are commonly employed in modern processor designs and have considerable impact on overall system performance. A number of past works have studied TLB designs to...


An initial database containing growth records of 101,000 lambs obtained within the context of the national meat sheep improvement program was used to quantify reproductive and productivity (total litter weight) traits of ewes of the Noire de Thibar breed, and to determine the influence of non-genetic factors on these traits. A database was then generated: it comprised 64,137 lambings over a 12-year period (1991-2002), and 25 farms and 48 flocks. The mean fertility rate in the flocks was 80.1 ± 12.9% with highly significant effects (p < 0.001) of the farm and lambing year. At birth, the average litter size per lambing ewe was 1.32 ± 0.47. It dropped to 1.23 ± 0.55 at 70 days after lambing. All main sources of variation (farm, lambing year, lambing month, and dam age) retained in the model as well as their interactions significantly affected the litter size at different stages after lambing. Survival of all the lambs in the litters between birth and 70 days post-lambing was observed in 89.9% of the ewes. Entire loss of the litter was observed in only 5.8% of the ewes. An analysis of variance revealed that factors such as the lambing year, lambing month, dam age, sex of the litter, and litter size at birth had a highly significant effect on the proportions of ewes with different levels of lambs' survival within litters. On average, the productivity of the Noire de Thibar was 6.6 ± 2.2, 10.3 ± 3.5 and 18.6 ± 6.6 kg at 10, 30 and 70 days after lambing, respectively. The main factors of variation (farm, lambing year, lambing month, dam age, litter size), and some second-level interactions had highly significant effects (p < 0.001) on the studied productivity traits. Ewes aged four years and which had male triplets yielded the highest productivities at 70 days after lambing. This preliminary work on the reproductive and productivity traits of Noire de Thibar ewes is essential to develop a ewe selection index as part of a genetic improvement scheme for this breed.


We describe the synthesis, the morphology, and self-assembly behavior of semiconducting poly(4-vinylpyridine-b-diethylhexyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene) (P4VP-b-PPV) rod−coil block copolymer systems. Three different block copolymers with 55%, 80%, and 88% coil volume fraction were synthesized by convergent anionic polymerization in THF using lithium α-methylstyrene as initiator. The morphology of the block copolymers was studied by transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and small-angle neutron scattering as a function of the volume fraction of the rod block as well as different annealing conditions. The microphase-separated morphologies in these block copolymers vary from lamellar, to hexagonal, and spherical, when the volume fraction of the rod is progressively reduced. By combining the lattice parameter measured by scattering techniques with the volume fraction of rod domains obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance, it was shown that the block copolymers in the lamellar structure are ...


This learned and hard-hitting book challenges the basic assumptions underlying American policy toward communism in the Third, or emergent, world. Kiernan argues persuasively that communism is a logical stage in the development of many Asian, African, and Latin American countries that see strong government and a planned economy as the key to modernization. He suggests that our national interest would be better served by supporting rather than suppressing revolutionary changes in the emergent world, thereby avoiding destructive international tensions. 256 pages $7.95


The paper describes investigation pertaining to compоund fertilizer technology using circular-phosphoric-acid processing method of the Karatau basin phosphate raw materials. In accordance with the investigation results the optimal conditions required for obtaining monocalcium phosphate from low-grade phosphate by cyclic method have been determined in the paper. The obtained  ferzilizer meets all the requirements  prescribed to agricultural mineral fertilizers.


The objectives of the study were to identify the prevailing trend of specialty related career choices and major factors affecting it amongst the newly passed medical graduates of West Bengal, India. It was a questionnaire based cross sectional study. A total of 600 young doctors participated in the study; out of 600, 301 (50.16%) had opted for surgery and allied branches whereas 273 (45.50%) opted for medicine and allied branches. Only 26 (4.37%) had chosen pre and para clinical subjects as their area of specialization. According to their choice, their preferred disciplines were Radio diagnosis 106 (17.66%), Orthopedics 95 (15.83%), Gynae and Obstetrics 88 (14.66%), Pediatrics 35 (10.35%), General Medicine 30 (8.87%), General Surgery (06.80%) and Ophthalmology 39 (06.50%). Amongst the male candidates, subjects selected in order of preference were Orthopedics 95 (28.10%), Radio diagnosis 67 (19.82%), Pediatrics 35 (10.35%), General Medicine 30 (8.87%), General Surgery 23 (06.80%), and Ophthalmology 21 (06.21%). Male doctors had no inclination for pre and Para clinical subjects. Whereas female doctors opted for Gynae and Obstetrics 73 (27.86%), Radiology 39 (14.88%), Pediatrics 29 (11.06%), General Medicine 29 (11.06%) and Ophthalmology 18 (06.87%). Noteworthy 26 (9.92%) female candidates had shown interest for pre and Para clinical subjects. Among the reasons concerned behind these choices of specialty, major factors were anticipating high earnings 207 (34.58%), passion for the subject 175 (29.17%), better quality of life 125 (20.83%). The huge disparity between nation's needs and area of interest of the emerging medical graduates is taking the toll in the terms of wastage of human resources and government funds. Counseling programmes for career development is necessary to make each specialty equally lucrative and interesting to the candidates. Necessary changes and rectifications may be required. This should be supported by the necessary government initiative and changing social attitude.


Abstract : All refractory superconductive tunneling devices have been evaluated as millimeter wave mixers at 115 GHz. Niobium-amorphous silicon-niobium devices fabricated by Sperry Research Center, Sudbury, MA. have been measured and yielded single-side-band (SSB) noise tremperature below 60 K and conversion losses of 6 dB. An automated test apparatus operating between 80 and 120 GHz has been constructed which will reduce testing time for individual mixers to one day compared to one week previously required. A general computer program for analyzing SIS mixers has been developed which permits the study of devices with a wide range of values for junction capacitance. Detailed analysis of realistic junction configurations indicate that chaos is not likely to be problem in practical SIS mixer systems. Originator-supplied keywords include: Superconductive tunnel devices, Quasiparticle tunneling, Sis mixer, Low noise millimeter wave receiver.


In this paper,the stress distribution data and the transmission rule is analyzed by ballast experiment with ordinary anchor and composite anchorage piles. And these two different shapes are simulated by FLAC3 D and the stress distribution and transmission rules are analyzed. The conclusion is that the technology of composite anchorage piles apparently excels the anchorage piles in the treatment of open- pit mine's soft slope and it can bear about 39%more tension,which significantly affects the slope treatment.


Document production tools are present everywhere, resulting in an exponential growth of increasingly complex, distributed and heterogeneous documents. This hampers document exchange, as well as their annotation, indexing and retrieval. Existing approaches to these tasks either concentrate on specific formats or require representing document's content using interoperable standards or schema. This work presents our effort to handle this problem. Rather than trying to modify or convert the document itself, our strategy defines an intermediate and interoperable descriptor – shadow – that summarizes key aspects and elements of a given document, improving its annotation, indexation and retrieval process regardless of its format. Shadows can be used with different purposes, from semantic annotations and contextsensitive annotations, to content indexation and clustering.


Abstract Multicultural education aims for social justice and a democratic society in that education should eradicate structural inequality and unequal power among majority and minority groups. These critical aims of multicultural education have been toned down when it comes to practice. In many parts of the world, multicultural education is often implemented in the form of recognition of visible elements of culture. Similar to other countries, schools in Thailand prefer the liberal form of multicultural education over the radical and critical ones. This study originated from dissatisfaction with how multicultural education has been implemented in Thailand and concern with its effects on students and the society at large. As part of the study, five social studies lessons were redesigned to challenge the liberal form of multicultural education. The lessons were taught in 5th and 6th grade classrooms in six participating schools. This article describes how the lessons were designed and delivered in the actual classrooms. The conceptual framework underpinning this study is critical multicultural education which views education as a hegemonic tool. In order to balance power among majority and minority groups, education should help students discern distorted power structures in society. In these lessons, "culture" was not regarded as static practices or artifacts but, rather, as the lived experiences of students and their families. In all the lessons, inquiry-based instructional methods were used. The instructional techniques used were cooperative learning, role playing and collaborative problem-solving.


It is difficult today to comprehend the enthusiasm with which the belligerent populations of both sides greeted the outset of World War I. The notion of war was both glamorous and desirable; it was to be the test of both national and individual toughness, character, and worth. Military doctrine on both sides called for a war of maneuver guided by the "spirit of the offensive" that would be both brief and glorious. The short period of maneuver ended weeks after the initial German offensive on the West. It was followed by the deadlock on the Marne and the "race for sea," which ended with the prolonged stalemate of trench warfare. The means of war were ultimately much different from those hypothesized at its outbreak.


This paper looks at the character of the Nigerian state in oil business. Oil has become a more dependable and reliable source of income to the Nigeria economy over the last six decades. The Niger Delta region is the belly that bears the oil. Any effort to disrupt oil activities in the Niger Delta region by anybody or group of people under whatever name or guise attracts full and coordinated resistance from the Nigerian state by the use of state power especially through militarization.


Itifirlinn publishes reports of research and original findings in subjects related to infectious diseases. Particular emphasis is given to the epidemiology, prevention and control of such diseases, but Held covered liroad and includes the microbiological, virological. immunological. clinical and social aspects of infectious diseases of man and animals.


Background: Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) enables the activation of a large number of client proteins of which the most clinically validated is HER2. NVP-AUY922 is a a highly potent, non-geldamycin HSP90 inhibitor that has shown preliminary activity in HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer. To explore its potential clinical utility specifically in HER2 amplified gastric and breast cancers, we evaluated the effect of AUY922 alone and in combination with trastuzumab in both trastuzumab-sensitive and resistant in vitro and in vivo models. Methods: A panel of 16 human gastric and 45 breast cancer cell lines, with 3 and 13 HER2-amplified lines respectively, were exposed in vitro to AUY922 over various concentrations to generate dose response curves. In both breast and gastric cancer, we used cell lines and xenograft models with conditioned trastuzumab-resistance to investigate the efficacy of AUY922 alongside trastuzumab. In all in vivo experiments, trastuzumab was dosed at 10 mg/kg (IP; twice/week) and AUY922 at 50 mg/kg, (IP; 5 days on, 2 days off). Effects of this combination on downstream markers (HER2, AKT, ERK) were analyzed via western blot. Results: AUY922 was found to have potent anti-proliferative activity in the low nanomolar range ( Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3668. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3668


In the past, undergraduate libraries have tried to provide unlimited services to secondary users. Increased technological change, severe budget cuts, and lack of human resources are forcing libraries to examine their mission and audience and to determine what level of service they can offer unaffiliated users. The authors look at the reasons for the public's increased use of academic libraries, discuss how academic libraries are responding to such demands, and suggest strategies for implementing new service and access policies successfully.


CASE II. J. B., aged 59, seen in consultation with Dr. Menzies, of Worksop, on January 31st, 1908. The patient had enjoyed robust health until a few months previously, when he began to have attacks of colicky pain in the abdomen and had to resort to the use of purgatives. A fortnight previously the pain became much more severe, and there had been complete obstruction of the bowels for eight days; vomiting had set in and was progressive in character. His abdomen was distended and tympanitic, while vigorous peristaltic movements could be seen and felt thlrough the parietes. These were accompanied bi a sharp increase of the pain. The rectum was emzpty. His pulse was of good quality, and his general condition, apart from the obstruction, satisfactory, but as the usual medical measures had failed to give relief it was thought best to operate forthwith. The abdomen was opened in the middle line below the umbilicus and a thorough but ineffectual search made to find the obstruction. All that could be ascertained with certainty was that it was lower than the transverse colon. A second smaller opening was made over the caecum, and through this a portion of the distended ascendling colon was withdrawn and stitched to the skin. Before introducing a Paul's tube the central wound was closed and sealed with collodion. The operation was immediately successful in relieving his symptoms, and the central wound healed under the first dressilng. In order to locate accurately the site of the obstruction he was placed in the high Trendelenburg position, and the lower colon filled with water under a pressure of two feet. About three pints could be introduced, and this observation, conjoined with what I had learnt during the exploration, enabled me to fix the point about tlhe splenic flexure. The patient, being now in very good condition, was taken to a surgical home in Sheffield, and the abdomen entered through the left semilunar line. A hardl niodular tumour wvas found at the splenic flexure. After dividing the outer layer of the mesocolon, it was with difficulty drawn out of the wound. Several enlarged glands were present, and these, together with the growth, were freely excised, and an end-to-end anastomosis effected by continuous suturing. The wound had quite healed at the end of a fortnight, and, after testing the patency of the resected colon by injecting water into the rectum until it escaped from the colostomy opening, the artificial anus was closed. Aseptic healing resulted, and the patient returned to his home six weeks after the first of his three operations. He remained in excellent health for the succeeding eighteen months; then symptoms of obstruction reappeared. The abdomen was once more opened, and a local recurrence,' together with a secondary no ule in the liver, were found. The colon was short-circuited by anastomosing the caecum with the sigmoid. This gave hinm the desired relief, and he lived in comparative comfort for another eight months. It is of interest to note that this patient had actually beenl gaining -weight, and was not conscious of any loss of strength or vitality up to the onsetLof obstruction.


Abstract In this study, the rheological parameters as well as Flory–Huggins parameter determined by Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) were applied for assessment of the changes occurring during storage of the resole resin and their composites. It was proved that storage of resole and its composites at the low temperature (about 10°C) can slow significantly the process of their aging. Main idea of research was to determine time dependence of rheological properties for resole resin. These data should enable to extend shelf life of resin containing products. The rheological properties of samples were studied by the determination of flow curve. Share rate was changed from 10 to 500 1/s. Samples were examined in following intervals (increasing storage time): immediately after preparing the sample and then after storage, respectively: after two, four, eight, and twelve weeks. To extend shelf life of resin, it was mixed with different additives: zeolite Micro 20, Mg(OH)2, PAF, synthetic zeolites: sodium form Z1, hydrogen form Z2. Flory–Huggins parameter determined by use of IGC let to assess physicochemical changes occurring in resole and its composites during storage. IGC turned out to be more sensitive method for assessment of changes occurring during resin aging than rheological measurements. FTIR technique was used to assess chemical changes occurring during resoles compositions storage. It indicated that oxidation reaction can occur during resoles composite aging.


Abstract The structural, electronic and optical properties of (BeTe)n/(ZnSe)m superlattices have been computationally evaluated for different configurations with m = n and m≠n using the full-potential linear muffin-tin method. The exchange and correlation potentials are treated by the local density approximation (LDA). The ground state properties of (BeTe)n/(ZnSe)m binary compounds are determined and compared with the available data. It is found that the superlattice band gaps vary depending on the layers used. The optical constants, including the dielectric function ε(ω), the refractive index n(ω) and the refractivity R(ω), are calculated for radiation energies up to 35 eV.


Cuprates in the metallic doping range have a large Fermi surface which is populated by short lived quasiparticles with lifetime strongly dependent on temperature. It has been proposed that short lifetime and strong temperature dependence are a result of coupling to fluctuations of a local charge state, which is independent of but coexists with the Fermi surface quasiparticles; to account for main experimental features the dynamics of the fluctuations of the charge state is to be local in space and non-local in time, Q(rt; rt) ∝ δ(r − r)× [t− t]; this form of correlation function (dynamic mode) has recently been confirmed by microscopic calculation, ImQ(ω) ∝ thω/2T ; it obeys the ω/T scaling, typical of the dynamics of fluctuations near the quantum critical point. On the microscopic level, the local charge state is a pattern of inter-atomic currents within copper-oxide unit cell (loop currents) which has a point group symmetry equivalent to a polar vector parallel to the copper-oxide plane, a toroidal moment. Once non-zero, the only dynamics possible for a local toroidal moment is to rotate its orientation. The part of the Hamiltonian which describes coupling between the Fermi surface quasiparticles and the local charge state has a form Hcoupling ∝ U(r)[∇ × j(r)]. Here operator U(r) acts on the charge state; it generates rotation of the local toroidal moment around the axis perpendicular to copper-oxide plane. The Fermi surface operator [∇× j(r)] (where j(r) is quasiparticle current) has a symmetry of angular momentum perpendicular to the copper-oxide plane. Using a language of group theory, the dynamic mode Q(ω) couples to Fermi surface quasiparticles via an operator which transforms under A2g representation of the lattice point group, the same representation to which z-axis component of the angular momenta belongs.


STERNBERG, FRITZ. Capitalism and Socialism on Trial. Pp. 603. New York: The John Day Company, 1952. $7.00. This is Fritz Sternberg's most ambitious book published in English. To American readers, too, he is known as a remarkably perceptive politico-economic analyst whose past prognostications have proved to be uncannily accurate. Dr. Sternberg has undertaken the ambitious project of probing into the mysteries of capitalism and socialism, attempting to forecast their future trends. The scope of the book is so broad that it covers both Europe. and America. The factual material is so rich that this book also


Controversy still persists over the refusal of George Bush to sign the Convention on Biological Diversity when he attended the Earth Summit, in Rio de Janeiro in June. The Convention, published in full following the News section, commits developed and developing nations to a range of strategies aimed at preserving biodiversity, and was signed by over 150world leaders. It is intended to maintain access to the genes which biotechnologists need to produce new transgenic organisms, and in vitroproducts such as pharmaceuticals, whilst ensuring that developing countries gain the benefits of these technological advances. The Association of Biotechnology Companies (ABC)and the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association had sought to persuade the US President not to sign unless key elements relating to technology transfer were altered. The US Government had in turn tried to persuade its economic partners amongst the G7 nations to oppose the convention. The US expressed concern over patents and the degree of control developed countries will have over funding of conservation projects. Another issue was the safety rules proposed for the products of genetic engineering when exported, which it was feared would damage US companies. Article 16Section 2 was a key sticking point: with its requirement that"Access to and transfer of technology...to developing countries shall be provided and/ or facilitated under fair and most favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms where mutually agreed...'', Richard Wilder, a lawyer acting for the ABC,argued that "Some countries will use this to mandate or expand compulsory licensing". Thus if a biotechnology firm from a developed country develops a product from a plant discovered in a developing country, it would be obliged to grant the right to market the product to the developing country. However, others feel the wording is sufficiently vague to prevent such legal demands. Kenton Miller of the Biodiversity Program at the World Resources Institute says "The treaty can be no more than a framework that erects a scaffolding of elements that parties can agree to". He suspects that the Convention is more likely to be interpreted to give agreements where the developing countries will receive a percentage of the royalties from sales of products developed from their genetic resources. Most industry representatives see these sorts of arrangements as fair. However, USA biotech companies were very concerned that the intellectual property rights covering new products might have to be ceded to the developing countries. Article 16 goes on to say "In the case of technology subject to patents and other intellectual property rights, such access and transfer shall be provided on terms which recognize and are consistent with the adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights." The legal framework is to be "on mutually agreed terms". It requires that the countries involved "recognizing that patents and other intellectual property rights may have an influence on the implementation of this Convention, shall cooperate in this regard subject to national legislation and international law in order to ensure that such rights are supportive of and do not run counter to its objectives". US representatives felt that this ran contrary to what the US had been negotiating for at the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade meetings which preceded Rio. Richard Godown, of the Industrial Biotechnology Association, said "It seems to us highway robbery that a Third World country should have the right to a protected invention simply because it supplied a bug, or a plant or an animal in the first place". He praised Bush's decision: "We stood up and said it was a lousy deal". The UK BioIndustry Association does not share the concerns of the US lobby groups. Ian Cubitt, the chairman of the BIA's working party on public awareness accused the US of overreacting. Speaking to New Scientist, he said "We think it's quite right morally to let developing countries have the technology...we don't feel that it's interfering with our profitability and it's helping people, so what's wrong with it?" Seventy USscientists working at Cenentech, the California based biotech company, have written to President Bush, criticizing his "shortsighted" concerns over patent rights which they feel were less important than the preservation of biodiversity. Destruction of biodiversity in the rainforests would have a major impact on the biotechnology industry. "We believe that what is good for the planet is good for business in the long run. New discoveries will be lost if the natural habitats that hold the key to them are destroyed," they argue in their letter. The letter was in part a response to the chief executive officer of Genentech, Kirk Raab, writing to Bush to praise his stand on patent rights. Maurice Strong, Secretary-general of the Earth Summit, believes that with 150 nations already signed up to the biodiversity convention "...it will not be long before the US finds a way to accept the Convention". Additional signatories will be accepted next year and if the treaty is ratified by other countries, the US will effectively have to cooperate with rules established for the exploitation of biodiversity. Mostafa Tolba, director of the UN Environment Programme, warned that the UScould lose access to genetic resources in the Third World countries that had signed the Convention. The Summit addressed other aspects of critical environmental importance. Agenda 21, the 900-page document which is intended as a blueprint for a sustainable future, was agreed by those present, and a Convention on Climate change was signed by most countries. Agenda 21 calls for a convention on


The present invention discloses a composite wastewater treatment agent, which composition comprises a polymeric ferric chloride, aluminum chloride and trimethylene bis (octadecyl dimethyl) ammonium - bentonite, referred to as a percentage by weight, the ratio of : ferric chloride polymerization: PAC: propylene group-bis (octadecyl dimethyl) ammonium bentonite - = 1.5-1.9: 0.8-1.2: 0.3-0.55. The present invention for treating chemical waste water, is a bleaching, flocculation, removing the COD (chemical oxygen demand), the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and other functions in a highly efficient wastewater treatment agent compound; high bleaching rate, preferably traditional organic polymer and inorganic polymer flocculant flocculation bleaching agents, bleaching rate of up to 90%, COD, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) removal rate of more than 85% suspended solids and chemical impurities removal rate 85%.


We report a new Ni/Pt/Au (20/30/80 nm) metallization scheme to achieve a low ohmic contacts to p-type GaN with a carrier concentration of 9.4 × 10 16 cm -3 . A Mg-doped GaN layer (0.5 μm) was grown on (0001) sapphire substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). All metal thin films were deposited on the p-GaN layer in an electron-beam evaporation system. Samples were annealed by a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process at a range of temperatures from 300 °C to 850 °C under a flowing Ar atmosphere. A circulartransmission line model (c-TLM) was employed to calculate the specific contact resistance, and current-voltage (I-V) data were measured with HP4155A. The Ni/Pt/Au contacts without the annealing process showed nearly rectifying characteristics. The ohmic contacts were formed on the samples annealed at 500 °C for 30 sec and the I-V data showed a linear behavior. The specific contact resistance was 2.1 × 10 -2 Ωcm 2 . However with increasing the annealing temperature above 600 °C, ohmic contacts were again degraded. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiles were used to investigate the interfacial reactions between the trilayer and GaN. AES results suggested that Pt plays a significant role in forming ohmic contact as an acceptor at the interface. Atomic force microscope (AFM) also showed that the samples with good ohmic contact have very smooth surface.


Allelic instability of genomic DNA in tumors derived from individuals with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) or medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) was evaluated. Fourteen highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat polymorphism markers from 5 different chromosomes were tested. Allelic difference between tumor and peripheral blood leukocyte DNA was observed in 4 of 9 tumors, 2 of which showed allelic instability at more than 1 locus. Pet 1, a sporadic, moderately aggressive MTC, revealed allelic instability at 5 different loci from 4 chromosomes. Rut1, an aggressive MTC from a patient with MEN 2A, revealed genetic instability at 3 different loci, all located on chromosome 10. Microsatellite instability has been associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) and has been attributed to germline mutations in hMSH2. In MEN 2A and familial MTC, the initiating event in tumorigenesis is a germline mutation in the receptor tyrosine kinase RET. Progression to full tumor development likely required additional somatic mutations. The presence of microsatellite instability in some MTCs suggests that these additional mutations may affect DNA repair genes such as hMSH2 that has been associated with HNPCC.


This paper records a new species of the family Rhacophoridae from Yunnan,China. Polypedates puerensis sp.nov. Holotype:YU 96606,an adult male,Banshan,Puer County,Yunnan,China,altitude 2 000m,May 11,1996.The geographical situation is 22°54′N,101°21′E。 Allotype:YU 96604,an adult female,May 11,1996.Paratypes:8 adult males and an adult female,May 11,1996.Allotype and paratype specimens were collected from the same locality as the holotype.All the types are kept in the Department of Biology,Yunnan University,Kunming. Diagnosis:The new species is closely related to Polypedates dugritei David,but differs from the latter by having:(1)no tubercles as sawtooth on the outer margin of arms and tarsus;(2)the outer metatarsal tubercles absent;(3)4th digital web not reaching its tip;(4)the tibiotarsal articulation obviously not reaching the tympanum;(5) the heels just meeting each other;(6) the disks on tip of fingers larger than those on tip of toes;(7)dorsum of body with less rounded or semi-rounded,brownish red spots.


A neurovascular free flap, based on the transverse cervical artery and supraclavicular nerves, is described. Four clinical cases illustrating its application to lower extremity defects are reported.


The modern educational process doesn't provide the students with sufficient moving regime, that affects noticeably as well as on the overall health as on the condition of the support-motor apparatus, especially body posture and feet. The revealed means of gymnastics fitness aspects, selectively directed at strengthening the support-motor apparatus can positively affect its condition.


The US Empire remains an object of attention of the social sciences. Recent works, such as Mann's as well as Panitch and Gindin's, resume the theme. They present broad analyses of their origin and development. But overlook in some part the cultural conditions of such power. This text proposes a discussion of these issues, asking also to which extent the category of empire is adequate to frame US global power, and relating it to the idea of hegemony. The fundamental conclusion in this regard is that the power of the US cannot be framed by the traditional category of empire, although it keeps some elements that hark back to the imperial exercise of power, which has been however transformed by the unfolding of modernity. A second conclusion points to the fact that such external power rests upon the internal structuration of power as hegemony - which will be examined with some detail -, in the definition of a civilizational form that is projected to the outside. This has in large measure cultural fundaments but is also linked to economic accumulation and class patterns, as well as articulated to the military, political and juridical dimensions.


In given article parameters selection methods of curves thermal transitional processes are described This mathematical model realized by program on language Delphi. Analysis of real heating and cooling curves of asynchronous motor MTH111-6 was carried out.


We present a series of interpretative reflections on a building discovered during the excavations carried out by Francisco Presedo in the Iberian necropolis of Cerro del Santuario in Baza (Granada). This building was simply considered as a regular Roman construction until the recent works carried out by our team in 2013. A new line of interpretation has now been established, which considers that this building may be a Roman tower-shaped funerary monument.


The industrial cluster usually produces what are locally famous.Therefore,the local famous brands may urge the local economic development.A comprehensive evaluation of local brands produced by industrial cluster is a complex problem with multilevel and characteristics.The fuzzy or grey methods can not evaluate the problem objectively and accurately.So,the grey cluster theory can be used to obtain the indexes of grey statistics,to construct the fuzzy subjection matrix and to establish the comprehensive evaluation method of combing grey evaluation with fuzzy evaluation.This method can make a more objective and accurate evaluation of local brand of Industrial Cluster,and make the core brand of Industrial Cluster well-known.


The present study focused on the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) concentration levels in 97 refill liquids for e-cigs selected by the Italian National Institute of Health as representative of the EU market between 2013 and 2015 prior to the implementation of the European Union (EU) Tobacco Product Directive (TPD). Most of the e-liquids investigated (85/97) were affected by BTEX contamination, with few exceptions observed (levels below the limit of quantification (LOQ) of headspace-solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) methodology). Across brands, concentration levels ranged from 2.7 to 30,200.0 µg/L for benzene, from 1.9 to 447.8 µg/L for ethylbenzene, from 1.9 to 1,648.4 µg/L for toluene and from 1.7 to 574.2 µg/L for m,p,o-xylenes. The variability observed in BTEX levels is likely to be related to the variability in contamination level of both propylene glycol and glycerol and flavoring additives included. No correlation was found with nicotine content. Moreover, on a limited number of e-liquids, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) analysis was performed, allowing the identification of key flavoring additives responsible of specific flavor notes. Among them, diacetyl is a flavoring additive of concern for potential toxicity when directly inhaled into human airways. The data reported are eligible to be included in the pre-TPD database and may represent a reference for the ongoing evaluation on e-liquids safety and quality under the current EU Legislation.


Although decades have passed since most women in the democratic world gained the right to vote and run for election, a large gender gap in political participation persists, particularly in developing countries. This short article considers an important—and previously overlooked—factor limiting the political engagement of many women in the developing world: marriage age. Drawing on nationally representative data from India and instrumenting marriage age with menarche age, we find that delaying marriage has substantial positive effects on women's everyday political participation. A standard deviation increase in marriage age makes a woman 25% more likely to attend local council meetings and 8% more likely to discuss politics with her husband. Exploring mechanisms, we show that education and time—rather than employment, mobility, and household decision-making power—appear to be the main channels. These findings underscore the critical role of early marriage in impeding women's participation in the political sphere.


By utilizing up-to-date knowledge about gelators, we designed and synthesized a novel low-molecular-weight gelator bearing a pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid moiety and two cholesteryl glycinate units. In order to demonstrate the ingenuity of our design, we prepared a series of structurally related compounds and studied their gelation properties. Based on the results, we determined structural features of the gelator molecules which were important for successful gel formation. We showed that the properties of the gel systems (transparency, morphology, etc.) can be tuned by coordination with different metal ions, as well as by changing the solvent. Gelators, and their gels and xerogels were studied by combined NMR spectroscopy, X-ray powder and single crystal diffractions, and electron microscopic techniques. Additionally, a systematic investigation of xerogels derived from silver metallogels revealed an in situ generation of silver nanoparticles.


Efficiency in resource use is one of the important pre-requisites for sustainable agricultural development. Among various factors the type of technology, process of commercialisation and the inadequate extension services have together contributed towards the inefficiency in resource use. Economic use of irrigation water is one of the important components in achieving optimum resource mix and thereby sustainable development. Due to the extensive cultivation of crops under the conventional method of irrigation (flood irrigation under canal/well), the inefficiency in use of water has been increasing. The negative externalities generated out of the over-use of water are enormous. Water logging, soil salinity, soil erosion and formation of salt layer on the top crust of the soil have been referred to as important externalities. This has also affected the total availability of water and degraded the soils. The gap between availability and requirement of water arises mainly out such inefficient use. Keeping in view the growing needs of irrigation water and the rapid decline in the available potential of irrigation water, different measures have been introduced to improve the efficiency in water use. The measures (technological as well as economic alternatives) introduced so far could not bring any appreciable change in the existing pattern of water use. However, the new water conservation technologies, namely, drip and sprinkler methods of irrigation introduced recently have proved to be efficient in terms of water use and increasing the productivity of crops. Drip method of irrigation has a wider acceptance and the area cultivated under this method has been increasing. In India, we do not have many studies analysing the impact of drip irrigation on environmental parameters. The paper addresses to the issues like how much water is being saved by using this technique or what is the incremental productivity or the viability of the investment from the field perspective. In addition to this the environmental impact questions assume greater importance. The present study clearly brings out the water saving in field conditions under drip irrigation and thus helps to estimate the positive externality of this technique. It also brings out the environmental externalities of drip irrigation in the horticultural cropping systems. The study suggests that drip irrigation has a positive contribution towards maintaining the environmental sustenance.  Lecturer, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune.  Professor and Head ADRT unit Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.


Purpose: The Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) has been receiving great attention due to the systemic repercussions that can cause, especially to the cardiovascular system. Cycles of hypoxia caused by the obstruction of the upper airways during sleep, generate a change in the O2 oxidative chain increasing the production of free radicals, oxygen species highly reactive with other molecules. The severity of OSAS is assessed only by the quantification of these respiratory events (apnea and hypopnea index AHI). In order to find new criteria for the definition of OSAS severity, a systematic review was made in the literature in search of other parameters for a better clinical evaluation of OSAS. Methods: The literature search was conducted in 3 different databases (PubMed, LILACS and Scielo) using as descriptors the terms "obstructive sleep apnea", "apnea and hypopnea index" and "desaturations". We found 79 articles from which the titles and abstracts were read, but only 6 were included to read the texts and analyzes. Results: The main pathophysiological consequences of OSAS occur due to insufficient supply of O2 caused by apnea and hypopnea. However, these events may have a short or long duration provided they have a minimum duration of 10 seconds. Events with prolonged duration and consequently with greater chances of deep desaturation may paradoxically lead to a decrease in AHI. Conclusion: Quantification of desaturations as well as the depth level of O2 drops should be valued and may help to assess the real severity of OSAS in association with AHI. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of spontaneous regression of squamous cell carcinoma of sinonasal origin. Correspondence to: Amanda Bastos Lira, Medical Sleep and ENT of Santa Casa Hospital in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, Tel: +55(82)3327-2357/ +55(82)988881020; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


659 Background: Prospective survival prediction of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer is difficult. Prognosis estimation based on readily available clinicopathologic factors has the potential to inform clinical practice and improve risk stratification for clinical trials. We constructed prognostic nomograms for OS and PFS in mCRC using the multi-trial ARCAD database. Methods: Data from 19,678 mCRC pts accrued to 24 first line randomized phase III clinical trials since 1997 were used to construct and validate Cox models for PFS and OS, stratified by treatment arm within each study. Candidate variables included age, gender, BMI, performance status, colon vs. rectal cancer, prior chemotherapy, number of metastatic sites, sites of metastases (liver, lung, lymph nodes), and baseline bilirubin, albumin, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelets, absolute neutrophil count, and derived neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (dNLR). Missing data (<11%) were imputed, continuous variables modeled with splines, and ...


During the first hours after stroke onset neurological deficits can be highly unstable: some patients rapidly improve, while others deteriorate. This early neurological instability has a major impact on long-term outcome. Here, we aimed to determine the genetic architecture of early neurological instability measured by the difference between NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) within six hours of stroke onset and NIHSS at 24h ({Delta}NIHSS). A total of 5,876 individuals from seven countries (Spain, Finland, Poland, United States, Costa Rica, Mexico and Korea) were studied using a multi-ancestry meta-analyses. We found that 8.7% of {Delta}NIHSS variance was explained by common genetic variations, and also that early neurological instability has a different genetic architecture than that of stroke risk. Seven loci (2p25.1, 2q31.2, 2q33.3, 4q34.3, 5q33.2, 6q26 and 7p21.1) were genome-wide significant and explained 2.1% of the variability suggesting that additional variants influence early change in neurological deficits. We used functional genomics and bioinformatic annotation to identify the genes driving the association from each loci. eQTL mapping and SMR indicate that ADAM23 (log Bayes Factor (LBF)=6.34) was driving the association for 2q33.3. Gene based analyses suggested that GRIA1 (LBF=5.26), which is predominantly expressed in brain, is the gene driving the association for the 5q33.2 locus. These analyses also nominated PARK2 (LBF=5.30) and ABCB5 (LBF=5.70) for the 6q26 and 7p21.1 loci. Human brain single nuclei RNA-seq indicates that the gene expression of ADAM23 and GRIA1 is enriched in neurons. ADAM23, a pre-synaptic protein, and GRIA1, a protein subunit of the AMPA receptor, are part of a synaptic protein complex that modulates neuronal excitability. These data provides the first evidence in humans that excitotoxicity may contribute to early neurological instability after acute ischemic stroke.


The cooperative dairy movement in India has induced both social and economic changes that have gone far beyond the expectations of the men and women who pioneered it. Among the various districts of India, the people of Kaira District, for example, where cooperative dairying has been in existence for more than a quarter of a century, have experienced farreaching changes as a result of their exposure to the cooperative economic enterprise, organization, and technology provided by the well-known milk cooperative-the Amul Dairy. In this paper we shall identify some of these changes under two broad categories-specific and general. As far as the specific changes are concerned, we shall support our presentation by means of case studies of three rural communities that were exposed to the milk co-ops and specifically surveyed by us for the purposes of this paper. The model that we have used to interpret our data (by means of a qualitative analysis) can be referred to as a constraint-catalyst model. Cooperative dairying in the district, even after its acceptance as the most effective means of organizing and marketing milk and milk products,1 had to work within the framework of certain constraints imposed by the rural economy and the social organization in general. Such constraints did not question the feasibility of the cooperative enterprise as such. On the contrary, after an initial resistance, the people of the district took it for granted as the most effective approach to milk producing and marketing. Instead, the constraints on cooperative dairying were imposed by the very nature of the milk economy. Being a subeconomy, the production and sale of milk were subject to certain limitations imposed by the total economy.


Abstract New type of photochromic reactions of 3, 5-bridged isomers of thiopyrans and phenyl migration from position 4 to 3 of dihydropyridine ring are presented.


An important aspect of pulsating DA WDs is related to the mode trapping phenomenon, which has been invoked in the past to explain the fact that all the modes predicted by theoretical models are not actually observed in the ZZ Ceti stars (Brassard et al. 1992). In this context, trapped modes (which require low kinetic energy to oscillate) characterized by periods close to the thermal time-scale of the driving region will reach high enough amplitudes for them to be observed. However, evidence exists that casts some doubts on the correlation between observed amplitudes and mode trapping (Bradley 1998). The shape of the chemical interfaces plays an important role in the trapping properties. The existing calculations invoke diffusive equilibrium in the trace element (DETE) approximation to assess the shape of the H/He transition (Brassard et al. 1992). However, equilibrium conditions may not be achieved at the base of massive hydrogen envelopes, even at the characteristic ages of ZZ Ceti stars (see Iben & MacDonald 1985). In view of these concerns, we have recently performed new evolutionary calculations for DA WD stars which take fully into account time dependent element diffusion, nuclear burning and the history of the WD progenitor in a self-consistent way (for details, see Althaus et al. 2002). The present work is aimed at specifically exploring the mode trapping properties of this new generation of models.


Deep neural networks (DNNs) have made tremendous progress in the past ten years and have been applied in various critical applications. However, recent studies have shown that deep neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. By injecting malicious data into the training set, an adversary can plant the backdoor into the original model. The backdoor can remain hidden indefinitely until activated by a sample with a specific trigger, which is hugely concealed, bringing serious security risks to critical applications. However, one main limitation of current backdoor attacks is that the trigger is often visible to human perception. Therefore, it is crucial to study the stealthiness of backdoor triggers. In this paper, we propose a novel frequency-domain backdooring technique. In particular, our method aims to add a backdoor trigger in the frequency domain of original images via Discrete Fourier Transform, thus hidding the trigger. We evaluate our method on three benchmark datasets: MNIST, CIFAR-10 and Imagenette. Our experiments show that we can simultaneously fool human inspection and DNN models. We further apply two image similarity evaluation metrics to illustrate that our method adds the most subtle perturbation without compromising attack success rate and clean sample accuracy.


This paper reports on the development of U-Map, an innovative design-focused, forward looking, and user-friendly tool for higher education teachers that promotes the constructive alignment of units, systematically and progressively accumulates data for course accreditation, and facilitates ongoing critical review of teaching. UMap scaffolds the design of units, supports discrimination between quality of unit composition and teacher delivery, and acts as a diagnostic tool for comprehensive remediation. U-Map places teachers at the front end of quality enhancement by helping them unite the elements that we know contribute to high impact learning experiences and support student engagement.


Abstract : We consider multilayer neural network models which are applied to stochastic classification problems and are trained with error back propagation methods. Expectations for network outputs are weighted least-squares approximations to posterior probabilities for the classes (Gish 1990; Shoemaker, forthcoming; White 1981). In an empirical study, networks were trained on small benchmark problems with known probability density functions, using training data comprising random samples generated according to those functions. Expected classification accuracy and goodness of fit of network outputs to posterior class probabilities were subsequently evaluated. Classification performance near the Bayes optimum was obtained for each problem, and fits to posterior class probabilities were judged reasonable, with root-mean-expected-square differences between outputs and probabilities below 0.05 seen in individual networks for both problems.


We propose a route towards creating a photonic Chern insulator through homogenization with an array of gyromagnetic cylinders. The non-trivial band topology of such a system is independent of the lattice structure.


Abstract We have investigated the low-temperature specific heat, susceptibility and resistivity of a new uranium transition-metal boride UNi4B. This compound crystallizes in the hexagonal CeCo4B structure, with lattice parameters a=4.950 A and c = 6.962 A. In contrast with other uranium borides, the compound orders antiferromagnetically at T N = 20·0 ± 0·1K. Its electronic specific heat coefficient γ is 244·8 mJ K−2 mol−1 for T > T N, which is near the heavy-fermion regime. Below T N, all properties behave anomalously. The resistivity falls off only very slowly, while both the electronic specific heat and the susceptibility exhibit minima and increase as T → 0.


Moving to and settling in a region that is different from the one a person grew up in is a fairly common experience in North America. Observations that one's native region and adopted region differ in terms of accent or dialect seem to be just as common, followed closely by claims about how one's accent has or hasn't changed as a result of spending time in the new community. A growing body of research has demonstrated that mobile adults do change some aspects of their speech as a result of exposure to new dialects (e.g. Munro et al. 1999, Bowie 2000, Conn and Horesh 2002, Sankoff 2004, Evans and Iverson 2007). But to what extent do such changes rely on explicit speaker awareness of dialect differences? Sociolinguists have long posited a link between speaker awareness of a linguistic variable and behavior with respect to that variable. Labov (1963) remarks that in selecting linguistic variables for sociolinguistic study "we would like the feature to be salient, for us as well as the speaker, in order to study the direct relations of social attitudes and language behavior. But on the other hand, we value immunity from conscious distortion, which greatly simplifies the problem of reliability of the data." (p. 8) The assumption is that if a feature is too salient, speakers are more likely to change the way they use it in erratic and generalization-muddling ways. Labov (1972a) more formally links awareness and variability, distinguishing indicators variables used by a particular group which are below the level of conscious awareness and do not vary stylistically from markers and stereotypes, which rise above the level of conscious


Abstract. Poststructuralist theory focuses largely on describing how and why subjects
reproduce the social conditions they have internalised. This is a
deconstruction of the central idea of the Enlightenment, the human capacity
for autonomous action. At the same time, however, it also denies all
individuals any responsibility and ultimately leads criticism into a crisis.
Pragmatist philosophy offers the possibility of determining the role of the
mind in processes of becoming a subject without abandoning the achievements
of the poststructuralist concept of subjectification. The concept of
transaction describes how actors constitute each other as subjects within
social situations. The relationships that arise through such processes
depend, among other things, on the personalities of those people involved.
Accordingly, it is possible to identify the responsibility of individuals to
govern their social relations and personality development. Since these
aspects can only be determined in localised individual cases, this offers a
particularly suitable starting point for geographical critic.


We show how the properties of the cosmological billiards provide useful information (spacetime dimension and p‐form spectrum) on the oxidation endpoint of the oxidation sequence of gravitational theories. We compare this approach to the other available methods: GL(n,R) subgroups and the superalgebras of dualities.


The invention relates to a high-altitude translation installation and construction method for a super-large super-heavy member, and belongs to the technical field of building installation. The method comprises the following steps of: constructing a horizontal supporting piece and a horizontal sliding rail, putting the member to be installed, horizontally drawing the member to be installed to the design installation position of the member by using drawing equipment, and the like. Compared with the conventional construction method, the method has the advantages that: the application range is wide, the method is not limited by equipment and construction conditions, investment in installation equipment can be saved, and construction cost is reduced.


The present invention relates to a redox flow battery and an operating method, and according to the present invention, a catholyte tank and an anolyte tank are located higher than the position on which a stack is placed; a part of an electrolyte inside the stack is collected to be stored in an electrolyte tank, thereby preventing a countercurrent and self-discharge of the electrolyte during non-operation; and especially, nitrogen is flowed into the redox flow battery to prevent a drying phenomenon of a separation membrane induced by electrolyte insufficiency, thereby obtaining the effect of preventing a decrease in durability of the redox flow battery.


Decisions in the Communities; (5) judicial control; (6) legal nature of regulations and General Decisions, (7) the binding force of Community regulation* within the legal orders of the member States. As these chapter headings immediately reveal, the book is essentially a study of constitutions (from the standpoint of the place within them of regulations and General Decisions)—the constitutions of the Communities and the constitutions of member State*. Coming at the present time it is a valuable contribution, particularly, of course, in respect of the Italian position, to the current discussion of the lack of uniformity of treatment among member States of the relationship between Community law and their respective individual legal orders. In ratifying three Treaties, each establishing a rule-making, authority extraneous to them all collectively and individually, the member States contemplated and intended that rules made by that authority should take direct and immediate effect, internally, in their respective national legal orders. So, by and large, they do. But the legal mechanics whereby they do to differ from one member State to another. Given that there are two distinct legal orders, Community law and national law, by what mechanic* do rules, made by virtue of the former acquire binding force within (and by virtue of) the latter? To some English observers, with no single instrument to enshrine their progressively evolved and largely unwritten constitution, the posture of German and Italian law, in particular, in respect of their relationship to Community law, may sometimes have appeared to verge on the recalcitrant. The fact that democracy in these States is comparatively newly found or restored may go some way to explain why the possible limitations imposed by Article 24 of the Grundgesetz of 1949, and Articles 10, 11 and 134 of the Italian Constitution of 1947 have been so meticulously heeded, and why some courts in Germany and Italy have stalled, at least partially and temporarily, in their readiness to hold community law wholly constitutional from the internal point of view. The author's study, which carefully passes in orderly review the views of all leading Italian and many non-Italian legal publicists, as well as the judgments of the European Court, that refer to this and related matters, should serve to enlighten the puzzled. It may even perhaps satisfy them that the author is, from the point of view of Italian law correct in his concluding paragraph ("This interpretation of Article 134 (of the Italian Constitution) makes it possible to uphold the thesis according to which Community regulations are subject in the Italian system to judicial control of their constitutionality, which control is reserved to the Constitutional Court, the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts being excluded "). The result of that thesis is, of course, a dual control of constitutionality—by the European Court for community constitutionality by virtue of Article 177 of the EEC Treaty as well as by virtue of Article 173 (and their equivalents in the other Treaties), and by the Italian Constitutional Court for internal constitutionality by virtu* of Article 134 of the Italian Constitution. From a practical point of view, such a result must cause some dissatisfaction. But this particular theme is only one of several that can be pursued through this valuable presentation of " la dottrina," relating to fundamental legal principles of the European Communities, as it stood in early 1965.


Animpedimetric immunosensor based on polypyrrole (PPy) nanowires was developedand applied for atrazine (ATZ) herbicide detection. In this work, the PPynanowires were synthesized by an electrochemical free-template method onto aninterdigitated platinum micro-electrode (IDµE). The immunosensors were preparedby immobilization of monoclonal anti-atrazine antibody (a-ATZ) onto a PPy surface using glutaraldehyde asa cross-linker. The electrodes were characterized using scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedancespectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The ATZ analysis is based on the immunoreactionof free ATZ and a-ATZ attached on top of the IDµE area (fingersand inter-digits space) by means of EIS. Thanks to immunoreagent specificity,these sensors exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity for ATZ detection with athreshold of 10 ng/mL


In this paper we study polarization squeezing in cat states obtained by general superposition of coherent states |± α〉. Polarization squeezing is obtained for |α|2 < 1.09. The degree of polarization squeezing → 1 for |α|2→ 0.


Prosody pervades all aspects of a speech signal, both in terms of raw acoustic outcomes and linguistically meaningful units, from the phoneme to the discourse unit. It is carried in the suprasegmental features of fundamental frequency, loudness, and duration. Several models have been developed to account for the way prosody organizes speech, and they vary widely in terms of their theoretical assumptions, organizational primitives, actual procedures of application to speech, and intended use (e.g., to generate speech from text vs. to model the prosodic phonology of a language). In many cases, these models overtly contradict one another with regard to their fundamental premises or their identification of the perceptible objects of linguistic prosody. These competing models are directly compared. Each model is applied to the same speech samples. This parallel analysis allows for a critical inspection of each model and its efficacy in assessing the suprasegmental behavior of the speech. The analyses illustrat...


Haemocyte subpopulations from four clams (Ruditapes philippinarum, Mactra chinensis, Meretrix meretrix and Sanguinolaria purpuratus) were studied using flow cytometry and Foward light-scatter (FSC) and side light-scatter (SSC) signals. In the four clams, the haemocytes were classified into two groups: hyalinocytes or agranulocytes and granulocytes. The granulocytes were divided into two distinct subpopulations: small granulocytes and big granulocytes in Mactra chinensis and Sanguinolaria purpuratus. The granulocytes were divided into three distinct sub-populations: small granulocytes, intermediate granulocytes and big granulocytes in the clam Ruditapes philippinarurn. The granulocytes can not be divided into distinct subpopulations in the clam Meretrix meretrix. The ratios of the subpopulations within the bitmaps to the whole haemocytes were calculated and they were different in the four clams.


This paper mainly elaborates on design principles of two jerk diagram continuous cam curves(deforming sine acceleration motion curves and 7 motion curves)applying in blister packing machinery,and analyses the dynamic trait of cam curves with the graphics and equations.


—A Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator) is reported from Pleistocene deposits in Utah, Among fossil bones recovered from a deposit of Pleistocene age in Utah are numerous elements of the Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator f . These fossils were collected by 0\ iatt from pre-Lake Bonneville marginal lacustrine deposits in an exposure along the W est Side Canal in the NW 1/4, Sec 4, T12N, R2\V, Cutler Dam, Utah, 7.5 minute quadrangle. The exposure is approximately 140 ft above the Bear River at an altitude of about 4,400 ft. The bones were excavated from a silty clay unit that contained many gastropods, including the genera Helisoma, Lyninaea, and Valvata. Amino acid ratios on gastropods from this locality (W. D. McCoy, personal communication, 1984) and available radiocarbon dates indicate that the marginal lacustrine deposits aic approximately 40,000 to 65,000 years old and are part of a secjuence of pre-Lake Bonn('\ille lacustrine beds well exposed in this aica (Oviatt et al., 1985: 260). A soil profile at the top of the marginal lacustrine deposits is oxcrlain by lacustrine deposits of the Bonii(\ille Alloformation. The marginal lacustrine deposits were deposited near the shore ol a lake that rose to a maximum altitude of slightly less than 4,400 feet. The presence of a lake of this size in the Bonne\ille basin indicates that the climate was relatively cool or moist at the time the Trumpeter Swan bones were deposited. The elements recovered include parts of two humeri, a coracoid, radius, ulna, scapula, and pieces of vertebrae, all of which are assignable to C. buccinator on the basis of larger size and more robust nature when compared to similar elements of modern Cygnus cohimbianus , the Tundra Swan. The Trumpeter Swan, the largest living swan, lives on ponds, lakes, and marshes during the breeding season, when it occurs in Alaska, and in parts ofwestern Canada and the United States, south from Saskatchewan to southeastern Oregon, eastern Idaho, and northwestern Wyoming. It bred formerly south to Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, and Indiana. During the winter months this swan occurs over parts of Alaska and western Canada, south to California, and occasionally to Utah, New Mexico, and Colorado (American Ornithologists' Union, 1983: 63-64). It formerly wintered south to the Mexican border, the Cu\{ Coast of Texas and Louisiana, and the Mississippi \' alley and on the Atlantic Coast from New Jerse\' and Pennsylvania to North Carolina (Banko 1960: 26). It is known from Pleistocene deposits from Oregon, Illinois, and F^lorida and from prehistoric sites from Alaska, Iowa, Illinois, and Ohio (Brodkorb 1964: 233). Thus, this is the first Pleistocene record of the Trumpeter Swan from Utah and could well be an additional indication of the more expansive range occupied by this species in the past, because it presently only occasionally visits Utah during the winter months. Trumpeter Swans feed primarily in shallow water, plunging the head and neck below the surface in their quest for aquatic plants growing on the bottom. This type of habitat conforms to the picture of the deposits from which these bones were recovered. 'Department of Biolos,, University of Norlli Carolina. Ch.ip.'l Hill. North Carolina 27.514 -Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, 606 Black Hawk \\a\ , Salt Lake Cit\ , U tah 84108. Present , Manhattan. Kansas 66506. 'The swan hones are housed with the vertebrate paleontology collections at the Antiquities Section. Utah Di Lake City. Utah 84101. Catalogue number UVP099, collection locality number 42Bo049v. Department of Geology, Kansas State University, of State Historv, 300 Rio Grande. Salt


One of the current crimes of Iran society is the crimes against public decency that family has the main role. The present research has been performed to study the temporary marriage in the social prevention of the crimes against public decency. The main question of this study is to investigate whether the temporary marriage can reduce crimes against public decency? The population includes all people who had temporary marriage and the statistical sample is 200 persons who have been selected by available sampling. The instrument of this research is a questionnaire made by researcher that has the acceptable validity and reliability. The methods of statistical analysis include mean, standard deviation, chi-square test, one-cities. The main purpose of this research is to explain temporary marriage as one predictive role in the crime area that… finally, it has been identified that there is a direct relationship between temporary marriage and prevention of crime against public decency. The level of this relationship is height, we can benefit by mare precise planning and promotion of this in the preventive area.


Many studies have emphasized the critical effects that corporate acquisition can have on performance and risk, but also on the stakeholders system further compounded in the case of environmental jolt. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relation between different M&A strategies and performance in terms of ROI and Tobin Q. The study is based on the evidence stemming from the sample of listed on Milan Stock Exchange companies, benchmarked with the sample of UK listed companies, that are more active historical players on the financial market. We find that UK companies are more active in acquisition activity but that activity does not produce generally positive effects on accounting (ROI) and market (Tobin Q) performance. The acquisition strategies of Italian companies show the predominance of a neutral effect on performance.


Inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. IMPDH converts IMP to xanthosine 5′-monophosphate with concomitant conversion of NAD+ to NADH. All IMPDHs characterized to date contain a 130-residue "subdomain" that extends from an N-terminal loop of the α/β barrel domain. The role of this subdomain is unknown. An IMPDH homolog has been cloned fromBorrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease (Margolis, N., Hogan, D., Tilly, K., and Rosa, P. A. (1994)J. Bacteriol. 176, 6427–6432). This homolog has replaced the subdomain with a 50-residue segment of unrelated sequence. We have expressed and characterized the B. burgdorferi IMPDH homolog. This protein has IMPDH activity, which unequivocally demonstrates that the subdomain is not required for catalytic activity. The monovalent cation and dinucleotide binding sites of B. burgdorferi IMPDH are significantly different from those of human IMPDH. Therefore, these sites are targets for the design of specific inhibitors for B. burgdorferi IMPDH. Such inhibitors might be new treatments for Lyme disease.


The problem of averaging fourth‐rank tensors with texture describing weight functions has been solved for orthotropic physical symmetry and for orthorhombic crystal symmetry. The results are presented in tabular form. The procedure for extending the tabular results to tetragonal, hexagonal, and cubic crystal symmetries is indicated. The solution requires the coefficients of the generalized spherical harmonic expansion of the weight function up to fourth order, and entails only those approximations required to obtain such coefficients from experimental data.


BHAUMIK, JAYEETA. RATIONAL SYNTHESIS OF IMIDAZOLYL PORPHYRINIC MOLECULES FOR SELF-ASSEMBLY AND WATER-SOLUBILITY. (Under the Direction of Dr. Jonathan S. Lindsey.) The objective of this work is to develop synthetic methodology for self-assembling and water-soluble imidazole-containing porphyrinic molecules. The synthesis of the following types of compounds is described: (1) Imidazole-containing porphyrinic compounds; (2) Derivatization of the imidazolyl porphyrins to obtain water-soluble imidazolium porphyrins, and (3) Improved synthesis of tetrahydrodipyrrins a precursor of hydroporphyrins. The self-assembly of imidazolyl metalloporphyrins was examined by UVVIS spectroscopic analysis. Each imidazoyl metalloporphyrin was found to aggregate in non-polar solvents such as CH2Cl2. The test of water solubility was also based on absorption spectroscopy. A refined synthesis of a tetrahydrodipyrrin is described for medium-scale synthesis (>10 g of the product), which facilitates access to diverse hydroporphyrins. Watersoluble porphyrinic molecules are useful for life sciences applications, and the tetrahydrodipyrrin precursors are important for the synthesis of a variety of hydroporphyrins. Taken together, this work advances the methodology for preparing a variety of synthetic porphyrins. Rational Synthesis of Imidazolyl Porphyrinic Molecules for Self-Assembly and Water-Solubility


The invention relates to a parking space guiding device based on the Bluetooth and the ZigBee. The parking space guiding device based on the Bluetooth and the ZigBee is composed of a PC, a Bluetooth module, a Bluetooth mobile phone, a ZigBee module and a ZigBee node, wherein the Bluetooth module and the ZigBee module are respectively connected with the PC, the Bluetooth mobile phone is connected with the Bluetooth module, the ZigBee node is connected with the ZigBee module, the PC sends parking space guiding information to the Bluetooth mobile phone through the Bluetooth module, and a user finds the parking space through the guiding information received by the Bluetooth mobile phone. The parking space guiding device based on the Bluetooth and the ZigBee directly adopts the Bluetooth mobile phone of the car owner user as a guiding terminal, is simple in structure, can effectively achieve intelligent guiding for the parking space in a large parking field, largely shortens the time for parking or car searching, and is more reliable to use compared with a traditional guiding method.


1. FIRMS AND INNOVATIONS IN A SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE..............................................................................15 1.1. Why, where from and whither? ................................................................15 1.2. Territorial innovation models ...................................................................19 1.3. Variation in innovation processes between firms and industries..............22 1.3.1. The evolutionary development path: Farewell to mainstream views ..............................................................................................22 1.3.2. Knowledge as an economic, yet social asset .................................24 1.3.3. Innovation models and taxonomies ...............................................27 1.3.4. Inter-organizational relationships in innovation – Geography of tacit knowledge?........................................................................33 1.4. Organization of the study.........................................................................38 2. STUDYING REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS FROM THE BOTTOM-UP PERSPECTIVE ............................................41 2.1. Research task: The regional innovation system from a firm perspective...............................................................................................41 2.1.1. What do we want to know about regional innovation systems?...41 2.1.2. How to get there? Methodological aspects ...................................44 2.2. Research setting in the regional innovation system framework .............47 2.2.1. Main characteristics of the RIS approach.....................................47 2.2.2. Key concepts of the RIS approach................................................50 2.2.3. Summary: A framework from the RIS perspective ......................70 3. PRESENTATION OF TAMPERE AND JYVÄSKYLÄ REGIONS.......................................................................................74


The Pseudo-Excitation Method (PEM) is applied in the non-stationary stochastic analysis of simple supported girder bridge. Vehicle system and bridge system are considered separately and these two systems are linked together by the displacement compatibilities and the force balance. Maximum and minimum responses are obtained based on 3 σ principle and the variation trend of the system responses at the different vehicle velocity is discussed. The results show that car body vertical responses have large randomness, but vertical responses in the bridge mid-span and vertical wheel/rail force are influenced by deterministic load.


o BAHT 1998. Vol 3 No 3 The hand requires a sound, stable, painfree and sufficiently mobile wrist in order to be positioned in space correctly. One only has to wear a rigid splint for an hour or so in order to appreciate the value of a good wrist. A stiff wrist must be compensated for by a mobile shoulder and elbow but if you perform the above experiment you will realise just how much more movement you must have at the shoulder in order to compensate for really quite small movements of the wrist.


The study of corneal endothelial cells count was carried out by specular microscope among 76 normal subjects (34 male, 42 female) with ages range between 17-76 years (mean 35-88 years). There were 141 eyes included in the study (64 male, 77 female). The endothelial cells count was expressed in cells/mm. 2 The findings were 2697 ± 346, 2640 ± 382, 2327 ± 243 and 2334 ± 332 among the age groups below 29, 30-39, 40-49 and over 50 years respectively, with the average of 2594 ± 381. With sex distribution the findings among age groups classified in male were 2651 ± 384, 2647 ± 375, 2290 ± 97 and 2256 ± 290, with the average of 2546 ± 392, and in female were 2721 ± 322, 2632 ± 391, 2366 ± 325 and 2419 ± 352 respectively with the average of 2634 ± 366. The endothelial cells count in female were higher than male and decreased with advancing ages.