However, most ofthese methods suffer from the limited availability of startingmaterials, low reaction yields, drastic reaction conditions, ortedious work-up procedures.Herein, we report a synthetic route to 2-dithioacetal-methylene-3-oxobutyronitriles from 2-dithioacetalmethylene-3-oxobutyramides, as shown in Scheme 1. The resultingnitriles contain an unstable α-acetoketene dithioacetal moiety,belonging to a class of α-oxoketene dithioacetals which arewell-known for organic syntheses,


The network is a communication platform between the government and citizen,the development of the network is actively discourse politics practice based on Habermas' theory of communicative action. In case as empirical analysis tool,qualitative analysis and practical investigation are carried out on the network political development in our country. Discovered through analysis: the role of government and citizen is positively changing by network,government is changing from inaction to positive administration,service administration has become the target of the government,Individual political role is undergoing the changes of modernity from subject to citizen; the positive interactive relations are gradually formed between the citizen and government. The path of optimizing the network political development is to promote the administrative reform,to expand the effective way of administrative participation,to promote the ability of citizen network participation,to play the role of network as important platform for the public domain,to construct a friendly harmonious network consultation and participation politics system between citizen and government based on the theory of communicative action.


EDITOR,—The national schools measles and rubella campaign of November 1994,1 2 3 in which most districts attained coverage of 90%, has been a success.4 This was despite adverse publicity and concern regarding possible adverse reactions to a new vaccine. All adverse reactions were reported to the Committee on Safety of Medicines through the yellow card system, with a copy to the immunisation coordinator. We analysed the information in St Helens and Knowsley district with EpiInfo version 5.00.

Altogether 48000 children were immunised during November 1994, with an uptake rate of 90%. One hundred and sixteen reports (0.24%) …


Phenols are an important group of organic pollutants present in many industrial effluents such as petro-chemicals, textiles, tanneries; gasification units etc. The phenols should not exceed 0.01μg/l, 1mg/l in drinking & in industrial waters, respectively. But in most of the cities the situation is alarming where the phenol concentrations are more often crossed 8–10 ppm. For removal of the excessive phenols, adsorption became the most favored process because of its feasibility. An alternative to the conventional activated carbon for the reduction of phenols that would reduce the costs considerably has been attempted in the present study to remove the phenols. Biosorption was attempted using locally available and comparatively cheaper activated carbons viz., Rice Husk Carbon (RHC), Casuarina Wood Carbon (CWC) and Saw Dust Carbon (SDC). The removal of phenols showed an increase in all the three activated carbons with the increase of concentrations. It was observed that the SDC showed better performance compared to the RHC and CWC at lower concentrations of the phenols. The percentage removal of the phenols proved to be very good at higher concentration. On the whole the selected activated carbons have shown the efficiency of removal of phenols in the order: RHX<CWC<SDC.


Abstract The C-doped g-C3N4 hybrids were synthesized by using melamine as the raw material and sunflower pollen as the bio-template. At a fixed amount of melamine (1 g), a series of hybrids (g-C3N4/C-X, where X is the weight of pollen) were obtained by varying the dosage of pollen. The g-C3N4/C-0.4 partially reserved the morphology of pollen, that is, spinous hollow microsphere with particle size of 25–30 μm. In comparison with the bulky g-C3N4 gained from melamine and other g-C3N4/C hybrids, the g-C3N4/C-0.4 exhibited highest visible-light photocatlaytic activity for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation. The introduction of pollen not only improved the morphology of bulky g-C3N4, but also improved its photoelectric property. The high visible-light photocatalaytic performance of g-C3N4/C-0.4 could be due to its large specific surface area, strong light absorption ability and high separation efficiency of photo-generated electron-hole pairs derived from the doped C materials which played the role of electron trappers.


In studies on community we have mainly two perspectives. To the classic discussions the main focus is the differentiation between community and society; the community is characterized by homogeneity, territorial base and the sense of locality. The contemporaneous perspectives, in turn, advances in the analysis by considering individual differences, besides the territorial basis is not essential criterion for its existence, because is possible to belong to a community even from afar. Considering the changes that the concept of community has undergone and the importance of their understanding at present, this article aims to understand the main discussions on community and the characteristics of rural communities Custodia, Ribeirao, Sao Domingos and Tambioco in municipality of Catalao, Goias. The procedures adopted for the preparation of this article were survey and review of relevant works to the topic and application of interview forms to 75 responsible for the productive units of the selected locations, which represented a percentage of 34.70% of families: 19 (35 18%) in Custodia, 21 (35%) in Ribeirao, 17 (33.33%) in Sao Domingos and 18 (35.29%) in Tambioco.


Studies of one to three 55-A regions recently obtained with a CCD at the coude feed telescope of the Kitt Peak National Observatory are used to extend the fine analyses of the field horizontal-branch (FHB) A stars HD 86986 and 130095 and to begin those of HD 74721 and 117880. The spectra of the Population I B star τ Her and the FHB stars HD 109995 and 161817 show a 4 per cent systematic difference in equivalent widths compared to co-added spectra obtained at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. However, this difference is smaller than that previously found using another wavelength region


Sparsely populated regions (SPRs) have specific features like remoteness and low population densities but also specific identities constructed by their inhabitants based on their relationship with their environment and the consequences to their lifestyles. Although theoretical frameworks have been developed for SPRs, two challenges remain when it comes to applying them to actual places. The first one is identifying them on the map. What would the demographic threshold of "sparse" be? How do we quantify the isolation? The second one is evaluating how SPR features reverberate in the lifestyle and self-image of their inhabitants. What are their views about themselves and their geographical situation? Are they linked? This article attempts to elaborate on both dimensions. It uses the state of Arizona as a test area and proposes an approach that combines quantitative methods and geographic information systems to determine which part of Arizona can be considered an SPR and a qualitative analysis to analyze how this population sees and conceptualizes its lifestyle, as well as how they relate to more densely populated areas, especially on the issue of isolation relative to place attachment and place identity. As a result, this article will offer a better grasp of SPRs in the United States and suggest new trends to be investigated in other geographical contexts.


Samples of amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) were obtained by acid decomposition of mineral raw materials (nepheline). Their physico-chemical, acid-base and structural-surface properties have been studied by methods of chemical analysis, Parks, BET, BJH, etc. It was found that in terms of the content of impurities, the pH of the aqueous extract, the pH values of the isoionic point and the zero charge point, the SiO2 samples obtained are almost identical to pyrogenic amorphous silicon dioxide obtained from reactive raw materials (pharmaceutical preparation "Polysorb PM") and have an increased specific external surface compared to "Polysorb PM" (in 1.1 – 1.9 times) and specific pore volume (1.4 times). Based on the obtained values of the specific capacity of the adsorption monolayer of the surface of SiO2 samples and the change in Gibbs energy (ΔG0) during sorption, it is concluded that the method of their preparation does not significantly affect the physicochemical properties of their surfaces and the mechanism of nitrogen sorption. Based on the results obtained, an assumption is made about the prospects of using silicon dioxide, obtained on the basis of acid processing of mineral raw materials, as an enterosorbent in therapeutic practice.


This study explored epistemic beliefs held by Mainland Chinese learners of English. Studies that investigate language learners' personal epistemologies, which include beliefs about the nature of knowledge and the process of knowing, are scarce. For the most part, such studies are quantitative. This paper employed Q methodology, an approach that blends quantitative and qualitative research paradigms, to present a more systematic analysis of and deeper insights into the language learners' subjective opinions. The participants were 20 undergraduate students who learned English in a university in China. They sorted 42 statements pertaining to language-related epistemic beliefs on a grid ranging from -5 (most disagree) to +5 (most agree). During the factor analytic procedure similar Q-sorts formed three factors, each representing a unique set of epistemic beliefs shared by the students. The qualitative interpretation of these factors revealed the following viewpoints: firstly, learning the English language requires time, effort and perseverance; secondly, learning English requires critical thinking; thirdly, it requires talent and hard work. Pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed.


Introduction [Alternative media are those that] avowedly reject or challenge established and institutionalised politics, in the sense that they all advocate change in society, or at least a critical assessment of traditional values.[...] Often founded to campaign on one particular issue, alternative media face considerable problems of survival, given their tendency to be under-financed, and unattractive to advertisers and the mass commercial market.(O'Sullivan, 1994: 10) Given the relative scarcity of published sources on the press in Ireland, it is perhaps not surprising that there is little writing on alternative publications. An Phoblacht/Republican News (AP) Gay Community News (GCN) and The Big Issues (BI) might appear to exemplify O'Sullivan's definition of 'alternative media'. This article provides an examination of the term using examples that are specific to the social and political context of Ireland in the 1990s. The material presented here is largely based on three, hour-long interviews carried out with the editors in October 1996. Table 1 below provides some key facts about the publications for reference and comparison. The aim of this article is to understand these publications in relation to, and indicators of, the wider cultural dynamic of contemporary Ireland and its mainstream press.


Fluid flow regimes affect the determination of hydraulic conductivity of fractured rocks, and the critical criteria for the onset of nonlinear fluid flow transitions in discrete fracture networks (DFNs) of rocks have yet to be established. First, the factors causing the fluid flow transition regime of fracture intersections and rough surface fractures are analyzed theoretically and numerically. This reveals that the fluid flow regime is governed by the fracture aperture, density of fracture intersections, surface roughness, and Reynolds number ( Re). Then, these identified parameters are redefined in DFN models, and their influence on the onset of nonlinear fluid flow is further investigated by performing computational fluid dynamic analysis. The results show that the fracture intersection and aperture play a more significant role in the linear-to-nonlinear fluid flow transition than the fracture aperture heterogeneity. With the increase in fracture aperture, unevenness of fracture surfaces and connectivity of DFNs, the onset of nonlinear fluid flow appeared at the lower flow velocity. With the Forchheimer equation, it is found that the critical hydraulic gradient Jc, defined as the hydraulic gradient at which inertial effects assume 10% of the total pressure loss, is highly correlated with the fracture aperture, fracture intersection and roughness of the surface. Finally, the mathematical expression of Jc and the Forchheimer coefficients are formulated based on the regression analysis of fluid dynamic computation results, which provides an approach to determine whether the cubic law should be applied as governing equations for the computation of fluid flow in DFNs.


Abstract Spawning behaviors were filmed and observed in the nest-building minnows, the bluehead chub, Nocomis leptocephalus, and river chub, N. micropogon. Analysis of videotapes exposed previously unreported behaviors (e.g., female retroflexure) and a precise sequence of male-female interactions that coordinated a successful spawn. Reproductive behaviors were classified into six sequential categories (interim, approach, alignment, run, clasp, dissociation) to facilitate interspecific comparisons. The most conspicuous differences between species involved the intensity of the female's retroflexure and the male's spawning clasp (strong in N. leptocephalus vs. weak in N. micropogon) and reproductive behaviors of subordinate males. In N. leptocephalus, subordinate males spawned concurrently and independently of the resident male over a communal nest, whereas in N. micropogon a subordinate acted like a satellite male and stole spawns from the nest-building male. In addition, heterogeneric spawning clasps involving a male and female N. leptocephalus and a male central stoneroller, Campostoma anomalum, are newly described.


Blindness Prevention involves degeneration of the eye's sensory nerve, which communicates images to the brain. Senile cataracts represent a progressive clouding of the lens, reducing light and distorting images. Diabetic retinopathy, a proliferation of new blood vessels or leakage of vessels in the eye, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among people in the U.S., accounting for about 5,000 additional cases each year. In developed countries, diabetic retinopathy accounts for some 16% of all new cases of blindness in people between the ages of 36 and 64 years. Two other factors that appear to dramatically increase the risk of diabetic retinopathy progressing to blindness are uncontrolled high blood pressure often found in patients with diabetes and cigarette smoking.


James was 16 years old when he first came to my clinic. I had just finished my fellowship training in hematology and oncology 2 years earlier and was an assistant professor at the University of Florida. When I first met James, I knew it was going to be difficult to treat him. He had acute leukemia, the most common cancer in children, but he had many high-risk features, giving him a poor prognosis for shortor long-term survival. In those days—the late 1970s—there was hardly a chance that an African American teenage male with such high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia would survive. As I did a physical examination, I became more discouraged. He had large bulky disease and was having trouble breathing because of enlarged lymph nodes in his chest. His liver and spleen were enlarged, and his testicles were swollen, all the result of leukemia infiltration. Moreover, examination of his cranial nerves showed a sixth nerve palsy, almost definitely related to meningeal spread of leukemia. All the while, his mother was desperate, "What is it, Doctor?" she kept saying. "What's wrong? Will he be okay? He's my only child. I have no other children, my husband left me when he was just 3 years old and look how strong and big he's become. I've done everything I can for him; I worked hard to make enough money to raise him, I've given him food, clothing, love, time, caring. . .tell me, Doctor, that everything will be okay." I sat down with the two of them to plot his treatment. I knew that I should be honest, but at that moment I did not have the courage to explain details about his prognosis, knowing that they could lose their hope for fighting for his life. I did not have either the life or the medical experience at that time to tell them that I thought he would die from his disease regardless of his treatment. I also had a son who was born 1 year earlier, and I could not have imagined how I could have survived such catastrophic information. Moreover, as I looked into the mother's desperate face, I could not even begin to explain the impact of the extent of his disease on his outcome. In contrast, I wondered whether it was right to use such aggressive treatment for such poor chances of recovery. I felt caged into a moral quandary. However, as I started to explain the dilemma, I heard myself only saying, "We have treatment...we can try...we won't know until we try." The mother suddenly cried, bent on her knees in front of me, and begged me to proceed with whatever it would take to return her son to good health. I looked at my patient, a 16-year-old boy scared for his life, to see if he wanted to tell me something. He said nothing, but rather watched his mother's face intently as though carrying her pain for her. He spoke through facial expressions as if to say, "Treat me so my mother doesn't suffer." He was admitted to the hospital, underwent leukophoresis, received intravenous fluids, allopurinol, alkalinization, and other medicines on the first day and then started chemotherapy on the second day. The first 24 hours went well. He settled into the hospital room and met his roommate, another child of 16, also with leukemia. They played cards together, in a language as universal as music or art. The two bonded together immediately by the commonality of their disease, the disease cutting through socioeconomic, racial, and religious barriers, equalizing them, and us, in a single, common humanity. Things got worse. James developed respiratory distress, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, fluid overload, fungal super infection, sepsis, and renal failure. The infection flared for days despite medications. We increased his supportive care—transfusions, a respirator, positive pressure, hyperalimentation, dialysis, and more. The leukemia drugs were clearly working, as evidenced by his declining blood counts; but they were now so low that he needed intensive care to get through the aplastic phase of treatment. Doctors and nurses in the intensive care unit wanted to give up, showing me data that multisystem failure was usually associated with death and that the costs of aggressive treatment in the last days of life could not be justified by the poor chances of survival. Moreover, they argued with me that the boy had a right to an "easy exit," and that even if he achieved remission, he would probably not maintain remission. I felt like a judge hearing their messages and remembering his mother's plea to do anything and the boy's expressions to listen to his mother. Listening, like a judge rather than doctor, I ordered the medical team to continue on, at all costs, on the outside chance that we would save James's life. Submitted November 15, 2006; accepted January 3, 2007.


Most of the key problems related to private forest management stems from small-scaled and fragmented forest property, which is owned by a large number of owners, therefore their cooperation is crucial for more effective forest management. The greatest expansion in the last years was experienced by private forest owners' societies, which are defined under the Societies Act as independent and non-profit organizations. In response to this, private forest owners are aspiring to upgrade such forms of organization in the direction of a more business-like cooperation. This paper presents the private Pohorje-Kozjak Forest Owners Society as an example of a good practice expansion from society activities onto the level of business (cooperative) cooperation. A survey on business cooperation and opportunities for professionalization of activities was conducted on the sample of members of the society and the forest cooperative. Results showed that younger forest owners, with a larger forest property and a higher education, are more open towards business cooperation. Furthermore, members of the society and the cooperative favour business cooperation and professionalization, but are unwilling to bear the financial burden. As such, they wish a state support in terms of financial stimulation for good practice and professionalization of activities.


Horizontal and vertical handoffs are important ramifications of user mobility in multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks. They directly affect the signaling overhead and quality of calls in the system. However, they are difficult to analyze due to the irregularly shaped network topologies introduced by multiple tiers of cells. In this work, a stochastic geometric analysis framework on user mobility is proposed, to capture the spatial randomness and various scales of cell sizes in different tiers. We derive theoretical expressions for the rates of all handoff types experienced by an active user with arbitrary movement trajectory. Empirical study using real user mobility trace data and extensive simulation are conducted, demonstrating the correctness and usefulness of our analysis.


The expression of integrin cell surface receptors in normal skin and their synthesis and molecular structure in keratinocyte cultures was investigated. The reactivity of four different polypeptides of the integrin family (α2‐,α3‐,α6‐ and β1‐chains) was demonstrated in the basal cell layer of normal epidermis. Studies of labelled keratinocyte cell lines showed that the polypeptides were expressed as α2β1, α3β1 and α6β4 integrins. Only the α6β4 integrin showed polarization towards the basement membrane attachment site of basal layer keratinocytes, and was preferentially expressed at microvillous projections. In contrast, α2β1 and α3β1 integrins were equally expressed throughout the basal cell plasma membrane.


Electrical characterization was performed for Ti–silicate films, which were deposited by atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD). Before the deposition of Ti–silicate films, the silicon substrates were pretreated differently using hydrofluoric acid (HF)-etching, chemical oxidation, and thermal oxidation. Regardless of the pretreatment methods, the grown films showed a highly smooth surface with rms below 0.52 nm. The electrical properties of the grown Ti–silicate films showed a strong dependence on the substrate pretreatments. The 5-nm-thick Ti–silicate films grown on hydrogen-passivated Si and chemically oxidized Si showed rather high leakage currents, whereas the films grown on thermally oxidized Si showed low leakage currents below 1×10-7 A/cm2 at a bias of -1 V. All of the films showed a positive shift in the flatband voltage (VFB) upon annealing. Also, each film showed low a hysteresis below 180 mV and the hysteresis decreased upon annealing.


This paper reports on the development, reliability, and validity of a self-report scale to assess from the recipients' perspective two factors derived from Expressed Emotion (EE) theroy. The Family Emotional Involvement and criticism Scale (FEICS) has two subsles: Perceived Criticism (PC) and intensity of Emotional Involvement (EI). These two factors are analogous to Critical Comments and Emotional Overeinovlvement, the two main factors of EE that are assessed through the camberwell Family Interview, the original direct observation measure of EE. FEICS was completed by 83 respondents who were a random sample of patients over 40 years of age receiving care at a Fmily Medicince Center. Cronbach's alpha was. 82 for the PC subscale and .74 for the EI subscale. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that each item loaded onn its propsed factor (all at ≥ .50) and not with the other factor (all at ≤ .15). The subscales exhibited expected correlations and partial correlations with FACES III subscales, ISEL subscales, the SCL-90 depression and anxiety subscale, and demographic variables. We conclude that the EFICS is a reliable instrument with perliminary evidence of its construct and criterion validity.


The point of new urbanization construction in Hunan should be vigorously improving the infrastructure construction in county and township area. Now it has provided a good foundation for application of PPP mode in Hunan county infrastructure construction including policy environment increasingly mature,successful experience is accumulated and social capital is abundant. But there are also many factors restrict the application of the depth and breadth of infrastructure PPP mode,such as low level of overall economic development and urbanization,weak infrastructure,resources and environment carrying capacity,shortage of local government financial and so on. In order to vigorously promote application of PPP model of county infrastructure construction,we should innovate government regulation mechanism,clarify the"power list","negative list"and"responsibility list",diversify financing mechanism,and establish and improve the specialized agencies and specialized talent training mechanism.


The alignment method refers to the idea of superposing a model onto an image. The problem is separated into two parts, i) find a possible transformation of the model on the image, then ii) validate this transformation by aligning the model onto the image. We propose an extension of the traditional alignment method in order to deal with complex objects sustained by projective mappings. Much of the work is localized on how to cope with spurious data as long as processing time is not becoming too excessive. Moreover, the robustness and simplicity of the approach make it appealing for a broader class of objects, not necessarily urban parts.


In this paper, three agro-ecolomic systems in Changshu, Gongzhuling and Changji are evaluated, respectively, through analyses of type, structure. The analysis results showed that insufficient agricultural natural resources, sufficient human resources and developed economy characterized agro-ecolomic system in Changshu. The evolution of agricultural structure and crop farming structure was backward. Sufficient agricultural natural resources, insufficient human resources and developed economy characterized agro-ecolomic system in Gongzhuling. The evolution of countywide industrial structure was backward. Sufficient agricultural natural resources, insufficient human resources and developed economy characterized agro-ecolomic system in Changji. The evolution of agricultural structure was backward.


This report describes the results of a program by Science Applications, Inc., to apply the MAZE code to the analysis and enhancement of gamma-ray spectra from airborne large-volume NaI detection systems. The objective is to improve on the accuracy of uranium, thorium and potassium determinations; and to pick out /sup 214/Bi peaks (other than 1.76 MeV) for possible use in correcting for airborne /sup 214/Bi background. A secondary objective of the present MAZE development is to improve the accuracy of other gamma-ray spectroscopy performed in the exploration of uranium using either bore-hole or surface KUT detection (potassium, uranium, thorium).


With the advent of the era of big data, the equipment information data of power grid enterprises has become the core asset of the enterprise. At present, the equipment information data of power grid enterprises has not yet established a standard management process and a unified data model. It is even more impossible to obtain, process and use equipment information data in a timely manner, which affects the real-time decision analysis and cross-department collaboration of power grid staff, and becomes a bottleneck for development. Therefore, the establishment of a stable, efficient and intelligent smart grid data interconnection platform has become the top priority of equipment, data and information management of power grid enterprise. Also, it is a scientific path to realize the collaborative innovation of enterprise technology and management.


Reliability of emergency onsite ac power systems at nuclear power plants has been questioned within the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) because of the number of diesel generator failures reported by nuclear plant licensees and the reactor core damage that could result from diesel failure during an emergency. This report contains the results of a reliability analysis of the onsite ac power system, and it uses the results of a separate analysis of offsite power systems to calculate the expected frequency of station blackout. Included is a design and operating experience review. Eighteen plants representative of typical onsite ac power systems and ten generic designs were selected to be modeled by fault trees. Operating experience data were collected from the NRC files and from nuclear plant licensee responses to a questionnaire sent out for this project.


This very interesting book came out in 1999 to honor Goethe's 250th birthday. It comprises five chapters, an extensive bibliography, and an appendix. Adam Makkai successfully links Goethe's philosophy to modem literary and linguistic theories. This notwithstanding, Adam Makkai's book is highly entertaining. (The chapters bear Roman numerals in the table of contents only, yet not in the body of the book.)


Abstract The intrinsic radio structure of the extragalactic sources is one of the limiting factors in defining the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). This paper reports about the ongoing work to monitor the structural evolution of the ICRF sources by using the Very Long Baseline Array and other VLBI telescopes around the world. Based on more than 5000 VLBI images produced from such observations, we have assessed the astrometric suitability of 80% of the ICRF sources. The number of VLBI images for a given source varies from 1 for the least-observed sources to more than 20 for the intensively-observed sources. Overall, we identify a subset of 194 sources that are highly compact at any of the available epochs and which are prime candidates for the realization of the next ICRF with the highest accuracy.


The paper studies the specifics of integration processes in the space of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The development of foreign trade and foreign direct investments has been analyzed. The distinguishing features of integration processes have been revealed. The potential for cooperation between the countries has been estimated. It has been shown that the level of the economic integration of Russia with the CIS countries has unstable dynamics. The results obtained allow concluding that the greatest potential is in the cooperation between Russia and the CIS countries in trade, mainly with those countries that are also members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It has been established that the potential for the development of cooperation in the production and innovation spheres between the CIS countries is significantly lower than the potential for the development of foreign trade. This is because direct investments are much more inert in comparison with trading operations. The obtained results confirm the experts' opinion on the predominant development of integration processes in the CIS format along the path of creating high value-added chains of products.


PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To identify the symptom cluster of fatigue, weight gain, and altered sexuality caused by treatment for breast cancer.

DATA SOURCES
Published research and literature review articles.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Fatigue, weight gain, and altered sexuality commonly occur after breast cancer chemotherapy. Each symptom has a significant impact on quality of life; however, viewing them as a symptom cluster magnifies their impact.

CONCLUSIONS
These symptoms have yet to be studied as a cluster. Exercise appears to be an intervention common to each that may be effective in reducing the severity of these treatment side effects.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Nurses should view symptoms caused by breast cancer treatment holistically, keeping in mind that a reciprocal relationship often exists among symptoms. Identification of symptom clusters with empirically derived interventions may enhance quality of care and quality of life for patients.


This research study contributes to understandings of partnership approaches through an evaluation of a number of student-staff research partnership projects that took place across one higher education institution. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with both the staff and students involved in the twenty research projects, our data were analysed to surface the underpinning values that informed the partnership process. As a result, this article offers an opportunity to evaluate partnership projects in context, as well as to explore how partnership may serve as a disruptive force in higher education. We conclude with a consideration of how investigating the ways in which students and staff conceptualise student-staff partnership can be valuable, and with recommendations for others considering similar partnership projects.


Early detection of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are given more emphasizing due to its adverse effects on disrupting the services of legitimate users. LDoS attack is one among the DoS category which floods the target at ideal rate to keep the connections open for longer duration. Traditional defense measures are inadequate to filter due to its less traffic volume. The current works focus on either empirical studies or signal processing models to capture the behavioural characteristics of LDoS based on TCP's congestion control and timeout mechanism but none carries out detection at a faster timestamp. Early detection solutions are the main focus as it could scale up the revenue losses in today's online application issues. Hence our model is based on Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), through which the early detection of LDoS attacks is carried out. The relevant detection metrics are identified through theoretical validation of SNMP MIBs and existing dataset analysis. Experimental simulations illustrate the LDoS detection efficiency and the same has been validated for theoretically.


Aiming at the low accuracy of prediction models for BOF blowing oxygen volume,the modeling method of blowing oxygen volume prediction using particle swarm optimization support vector machine was proposed. The results show that,comparing to other algorithms,such as RBF,BP and SVM,the prediction model of BOF blowing oxygen volume using particle swarm optimization support vector machine has a higher modeling accuracy and better generalization ability.


Purpose: To improve the efficiency of surgical treatment of patients with lichenoid lesions of oral mucous using high-level laser light. Material and methods. 102 patients (78 women and 24 men) aged 24–81 with erosive-ulcerative and hyperkeratotic form of the lichen planus of the oral mucous were examined and operated. All patients were randomly divided into four groups: in Group 1 (n = 25), lichenoid lesions were excised with Er: YAG laser scalpel in the ablation mode; in Group 2 (n = 23), Nd: YAG laser light was used to ablate the affected areas; in Group 3 (n = 28), patients were operated on with the technique combining Er: YAG and Nd: YAG laser light for ablation and coagulation; in Group 4 ( control group) (n = 26) scalpel No 15 C was used. Results. Findings of biochemical analyses have shown that patients operated with laser light had less pronounced inflammatory response what can indicate less trauma to tissues. It has been clinically shown that laser surgical technologies in patients with oral mucous lichen planus had a decreased intensity of pain and collateral edema; wound healing process was shorter compared to patients operated on with a scalpel. Conclusion. Laser technologies having intraoperative advantages and more favorable postoperative period, if to compare to traditional techniques, improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment, reduce the rate of complications and disease recurrences. As it has also been shown by our trial, that Er: YAG laser is preferable in patients with erosive-ulcerative form of lichen planus, while Nd: YAG laser is preferable in case of damaged mucous membrane till muscle layer; for the hyperkeratic form, combination of Er: YAG and Nd: YAG lasers is recommended.


Nearly eleven years have passed since 1995 when the phrase, Child Abuse, started to attract people's attention in mass media. In the meantime in 2000 the Child Abuse Prevention Law was enacted and in 2004 the amendments of Child Abuse Prevention Law were enacted to enhance its effectiveness. Such a course of events seems to show, at a glance, the serious attitude of the powers of administration, jurisdiction and legislation in their efforts of preventing child abuse. To tell the truth, however, the effect of the Law has been in disaster. That is to say, the number of reports on child abuse has never been decreased up to today since the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare started to total up the reports at the consultation offices for children throughout Japan in 1990. When we think of such a situation of child abuse, it seems to be necessary to review and reform the Law which is supposed to cope with and decrease the cases of child abuse most effectively. In this paper I will discuss about what the Child Abuse Prevention Law should be, going back to its basic concept, focusing on the amended points of the Law of 2004. I will talk about the importance of improving and reinforcing the criminal aspect of the Law in order to liberate children from abuse at the earliest possible stage and also promote the welfare aspect and the educational aspect of the Law to function more effectively. The specific items are as follows: I. Introduction II. Study of the amended Child Abuse Prevention Law III. Prevention and deterrence of child abuse by punishment IV. Utilization of criminal regulations to prevent child abuse V. Conclusion


Gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., fed diets of equal vitamin C content were exposed to three different stressors–hyposalinity, shallow water and handling–and the effect of each on the internal homeostasis of the fish was evaluated. The individuals subjected to hyposaline stress exhibited no significant changes in plasma osmolality. Na+. Cl- K+, glucose, protein and triglyceride concentrations. Hepatic glycogen content was significantly lower in the fish subjected to the lower salinity (12%o), while the red muscle glycogen was unaltered. Amongst the challenged individuals, tissue ascorbate content was not significantly altered. Shallow water stress significantly diminished the liver and red muscle glycogen content, and lowered the liver. kidney and spleen vitamin C concentrations in the stressed fish. No significant changes were recorded in the plasma glucose, protein and triglyceride concentrations. In response to handling stress, no significant differences were detected in any of the measured parameters, with the exception of plasma glucose levels and the splenic L-ascorbic acid and ascorbate-2-sulphate (vitamin C2) contents. The lack of existing standardization of both experimental designs and analytical methods made comparisons of the present data with the work of other authors difficult, thus highlighting the necessity of coordinated research in this field.


This paper presents a comprehensive study of the flood analysis and prediction using Geographical Information system (GIS). Different scientists and researchers from all over the world had performed detailed analysis of flood risk assessment specifically for human population and to take precautionary measurements before or after the critical condition of disaster occurs using Remote sensing and satellite images. In this research study, we had performed detailed analysis of Flood Prediction techniques based on GIS using Ad hoc wireless Sensor Network Architecture. We had also proposed a Model for Flood Risk Analysis and prediction, which would be very helpful for us in calculating the impact of Flood damage in disaster hit regions. The GIS domain proves to be very helpful for us in geographical survey and to identify the tsunamis causing vast potential and economical damage. In this research study, we had also used Arc GIS simulation tool to identify pre and post disaster flood risk analysis. Our Research study focuses on various geographical information Systems specifically designed for Flood Disaster management and to analyze necessary input parameters including soil moisture, air pressure, direction of wind, humidity and rain fall. These parameters would be very helpful for us in modelling real life scenarios specifically in case of flood disasters. Our proposed model is also very helpful for us in predicting the upcoming disasters and to take necessary actions by emergency and rescue authorities to save the life of thousands of people before this critical condition occurs.


Objective To study and evaluate the restorative effects of tooth defect after IPS e.max Press LT ceramic crown restoration.Method 63 patients with 98 restorations with IPS e.max Press LT ceramic crown were selected,and the restorative effects were evaluated after 3 to 12 months according to the modified criteria of APHA(American Public Health Association).Results 93% of the restorations were scored A in color,shape,margin coloring and margin sealing,and no porcelain fracture occurred.Conclusions IPS e.max Press LT ceramic crown had better restorative effects.


Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were engrafted with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium and evaluated to determine whether RA synovial morphology and function were maintained in the RA-SCID grafts. The four major components of RA synovitis, inflammation, immune reactivity, angiogenesis, and synovial hyperplasia persisted in RASCID grafts for 12 weeks. Retention of chronic inflammatory infiltrates was demonstrated by histological evaluation and by immunohistology for CD3, CD20, and CD68. Staining for CD68 also revealed that the grafts had undergone reorganization of the tissue, possibly as a result of fibroblast hyperplasia. Immune and inflammatory components were confirmed by the detection of human immunoglobulins and human interleukin-6 in serum samples obtained from grafted animals. Human blood vessels were detected by dense expression of CD31. Small vessels persistently expressed the vitronectin receptor, v 3, a marker of angiogenesis. All vessels expressed VAP-1, a marker of activated endothelial cells. Finally, the grafts retained the ability to support immigration by human leukocytes, as demonstrated by the functional capacity to recruit adoptively transferred 5(and -6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled T cells. T cells entering the RA-SCID grafts became activated and produced interferon, as detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. These studies demonstrate that the RA-SCID model maintains many of the phenotypic and functional features of the inflamed RA synovium. (Am J Pathol 2002, 160:357–367) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive disease involving both local and systemic inflammation. RA is characterized by persistent inflammation of synovial tissue and eventually the destruction of cartilage and adjacent bone. RA synovitis involves local activation of lymphocytes, inflammation, and synovial hyperplasia as well as angiogenesis. The etiology of RA remains unknown and much is left to be elucidated about the progression of the pathological processes. The mechanism of the immune component in RA has not been resolved, although large numbers of CD3 ,CD4 T cells are found in perivascular areas and CD3 ,CD8 T cells are distributed diffusely throughout the synovium. Recent evidence including the polyclonal nature of the CD4 T-cell infiltrate and the nearly uniform expression of activation molecules by these cells suggest they play a role in perpetuating chronic inflammation. CD8 cells in the synovium seem to be both proinflammatory and regulatory, whereas CD20 B cells secreting immunoglobulins (Igs) are found in defined aggregates throughout the synovial tissue along with CD4 T cells and interdigitating dendritic cells. The local generation of immune complexes and activation of complement have been proposed as mechanisms contributing to tissue damage and propagation of inflammation. Inflammatory cells in the RA joint consist primarily of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Few polymorphonuclear leukocytes are localized in the RA synovium, although large numbers characteristically accumulate in the synovial fluid, presumably because of limited chemokine receptor expression. Numerous monocytes and macrophages are found within the RA synovial tissue and fluid. Activated monocytes produce cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 , IL-6, and


SUMMARY Among maize races (Zea mays L.) there are agronomic differences that were developed though evolution in different geographic sites. when races are crossed differences in combining ability appear. Most races used in this study are tall, a trait associated with root and stalk lodging. In this research we estimated the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA), of ten maize population regarding eight agronomics traits. The diallelic crosses were made among ten maize landrace populations bred by the limited backcross method (RC1-F7), and then evaluated under irrigation in three locations; data were analysed according to Griffing's Model 2. The combining ability was reduced, most particularly the SCA. We detected convergence towards the commercial plant type. So that yield was similar among the 45 crosses and among parents. Therefore, we suggest to restore the genetic diversity both in the general and specific combining ability effects, and to substitute the fraternal crosses by self pollination.


In this paper we apply the present methods of ramie pretreatments to hemp,and analyze how these methods affect the hemp degumming.


Orthogonally N-protected (Boc and Cbz) 3,4-aziridinopiperidine is a versatile building block for the synthesis of 4-substituted 3-aminopiperidines, which are compounds with a high potential for biological activity. A multigram synthesis over five steps, starting with extraordinarily simple materials (pyridine and benzyl chloride), was developed.


Some recent laboratory results relating to the conversion of gaseous sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide into particulate material and the implication of these results on the atmospheric chemistry of these gases is discussed. Homogeneous oxidation of SO 2 by photochemically initiated reactions may occur at a rate ranging from 0.1% hr ?1 in clean air to a 0–10% hr ?1 in urban air. The oxidation rate of NO2 is more raped (up to 25% hr ?1 ) but may be effectively less due to the reversible nature of the reactions. Theoretical and experimental results suggest that the rate of formation of H 2 SO 4 in urban air (from SO 2 ) is sufficient for heteromolecular nucleation to form aqueous sulphuric acid aerosols but in background areas condensation on the existing aerosol is the main fate of the SO 2 oxidation products. Sufficient gaseous HNO3 for nucleation is unlikely to be produced from NO 2 in the atmosphere and condensation on aerosol particles, particularly hygroscopic particles, is an important removal mechanism for HNO 3 . A large effect of relative humidity on the rate of the nucleation and condensation processes is demonstrated experimentally. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01971.x


The master thesis on topic "The use of technical analysis in trading on FOREX market" detects, if there is possibility for improvement in trading using technical analysis indicators and their optimizing. The thesis defines Forex market as an integral part of financial market, introduces market participants and currency pairs. Followed by description of individual elements of technical analysis and subsuming of technical indicators at Forex market. In the last chapter, chosen technical strategies will be tested and optimized afterwards. Finally conclusion and recommendation for intraday traders will be drawn.


2Clarksville Weather Station 2Maryland Farm & Harvest 3CMREC Turfgrass Evaluation Trials 3Role of Rhizobial Diversity for Drought and Herbivory Tolerance in Soybean 5Efficacy of Organic Turf and Landscape Herbicides in Montgomery County, Maryland 7Rose Rosette Disease Trial 7Assessment of ecosystems services provided by arthropods on farms: Preliminary use of sticky traps to sample flying insects 102022 Maryland Soybean Fungicide Efficacy Trials 17UMD Bee Lab and the New UMD Bee Squad 18Evaluation of GrowthPromoting Products for Soybean Production 222022 Maryland State Soybean Variety Trials Fact Sheet In This Issue: Yield of 2022 CMREC Headquarters Clarksville Facility


Inshore ship detection in remote sensing images is a challenging task because of the connectivity and similarity between ships and backgrounds. The usual shape feature is not always applicable because sometimes it is hard to be extracted. In this paper, deep features extracted from a convolutional neural network (CNN) are used for inshore ship detection. In order to feed the CNN with exclusively positive and negative samples, a novel parallelogram image cropping (PIC) method is proposed. The traditional cropping method can only generate rectangle image samples along a horizontal or vertical orientation, thus ships and docks often coexist in these samples. The proposed PIC method can generate parallelogram samples that only contain single ship or dock. For a 2-class classification task, the number of neurons in fully-connected layers of the widely used CNN models is too large. Reducing the number from 4096 to 512 can improve training and detection speeds while maintaining accuracies. Experimental results on Google Earth images demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately and robustly detect inshore ships in remote sensing images.


††† ††† Summary Our main aim in the present paper is the extension of the Encryption/Decryption processes using products of primes. We now show in this paper how to generate a group from any general natural number or a product of such natural numbers. We then show how this group can be used for generation of a simple (yet as secure, as the one that is generated with the help of larger primes) encryption /decryption process. This work is continuation of the work that the first author had undertaken with Dr. H. Chandrashekhar in the 90's using Farey Fractions summary.


As Similarity Measure is an important topic in fuzzy set theory, the objective of this paper is to introduce a new efficient Similarity measure for Intuitionistic fuzzy multi sets (IFMS). This method considers multi membership, non-membership and hesitancy degree for the same element. This novel Similarity measure for IFMS is the combination of MAX / MIN operators of the membership functions and the Zhang and Fu's measure of the IFMS. We apply this appreciable measure to medical diagnosis as it satisfies all the properties of the Similarity Measure.


One way learning method could lead students unfocused and  difficult to gain learning outcomes . Currently, the Comparative learning model by Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) it is largely used in teaching. Therefore, this review was made to understand and find out the impact of the learning model system in the class. The study is based on literatures with the following criteria  (1) STAD cooperative type with a quasi-experiment and (2) research subjects were at the senior high school at MIPA class. We obtained 14 articles are similar with the criteria. Each of the article shortly describe the research finding. Indicator of student success with cooperative type STAD can be seen from the average value above 50%. It was found that the STAD type of cooperative learning model lead the creation of  actively students mood, creative, and independent learning atmosphere for students in receiving, processing, and answering learning material. This learning model is likely one of the most adaptive model learning,  modifications some elements are required depend on characteristic  and environment learning locally.


The asymmetry of inner and outer divertors, which cause the inner divertor to detach first, while the outer one is still attached, results in the large temperature difference between the vicinities of inner and outer targets and the onset of large electric potential drop through detached plasma of the inner divertor. A large potential drop along with the inhomogeneity of the resistivity of detached plasma across the divertor leg drives the current convective instability in the inner divertor and subsequent fluctuations of radiation loss similar to that observed in experiments. The estimates of the frequency of plasma parameter fluctuations due to the current convective instability are in a reasonable agreement with experimental data. Once the outer divertor also detaches, the temperature difference between the vicinities of inner and outer targets disappears, and the driving force for the current convective instability, and resulting oscillations of radiation loss, vanishes. This feature is indeed observe...


The students of Ordinance Factory government High School are also known for their discipline are participation in social activities. All this was possible only because of the initiative taken by the school principal, Sangareddy mandal in-charge education officer, M Venkatesham and IIT Hyderabad, ordinance factory management's efforts. IIT students have been teaching Maths and English to the students since 2013.


Along with the transformation of the WebGIS application from professional to popular,large quantities of WebGIS popularity application developers and products emergence as a mushroom.This article has firstly compared current mainstream WebGIS map service products API,and analyzes its good and bad points,then proposes WebGIS script Libraries system construction and the design mentality based on grid vector union.The author has proposed detailedly the organizations of map data such as tile pyramid and table,lastly summarizes the questions which in the script libraries' design should pay more attention for.


The Action Score Generator is an online writing machine that writes and re-writes an infinite series of performance event scores. The source texts collect together previously performed actions by artist Nathan
Walker between 2006 and 2013. The scores are arranged into poetic, six-word-length instructions, aligning
performance objects, tasks, verbs and spaces that are reorganized endlessly by a JavaScript code. The Action
Score Generator aligns itself with the short poetic texts of Fluxus Event Scores and with rhythms of computational
data and visual poetry. An Action Score Generator book is published by IF P THEN Q Press, Manchester, including an Afterword by Mark Leahy entitled 'An action movie (for NW): Reading time code action'.


The aim of this report is to contribute with information that can be used to improve access to good risk assessments associated with storage of wood pellets. Frank-Kamenetskii theory is described in a manner intended to facilitate for the reader to understand and carry out calculations with the theory. A modeling tool in Microsoft Excel for calculations with Frank-Kamenetskii theory has been developed. A description of constraints that the theory has when it comes to use for storages of wood pellets is given and a summary of alternative modeling techniques have been made. The work has contributed to the development of a methodology for measuring the thermal properties thermal conductivity, diffusivity and specific heat capacity on individual pellets with the Transient Plane Source method (TPS). This has been done through a series of laboratory experiments with TPS measurements in order to examine the significance of possible error sources and to state what you should have in mind when performing this kind of measurements.


As the world's leading countries in nuclear power fields, China, the United States, and Japan have relatively sound nuclear power regulation and standard systems. The nuclear power standardization works have also been gradually improved and optimized with the iteration of good practices and the feedback of best experience. Nevertheless, it couldn't be denied that the paths followed by these countries are not exactly same, due to diversities of state institutions and mechanisms, as well as inherently different national politics, history, technology, and culture. Making periodical revisions on development approach, each country establishes unique, well-applicable, self-consistent system framework and operating model.
 With a systematic review, this paper will summarize the current R&D of the countries' nuclear power regulation & standard system, as well as the latest states on the development of standardization works on both domestic and abroad scales, following by some fruitful comparative analyses. Using the literature research method and Differentiation Competitive Strategy methodology, this paper will also critically analysis advantages and shortcomings respectively, which would be helpful to understand the regulation and system operations comprehensively and objectively, for each country. Additionally, inspirations would be brought to seek an opportunity deepening extensive collaborations for the forthcoming nuclear power international standardization works. This paper will make comments and put forward suggestions focusing on strengthening R&D cooperation among multilateral countries. Ultimately, to improve the diversification and interoperability of nuclear emerging technologies and industrial chain, also accelerate global promotion and common prosperity, via the nuclear field standardization approach.


OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of Huotan huayu jiangzhi decoction in the treatment of hyperlipoidemia.METHODS:76 cases of hyperlipoidemia were randomly divided into 2 groups.Control group(34 cases) treated with Zhibituo tablet and treatment group(42 cases) treated with Huotan huayu jiangzhi decoction.The course of treatment was 4 weeks.RESULTS:The total effective rate was 85.71% for treatment group and 61.76% for control group,there was significant difference between 2 groups(P0.05).In the treatment group,the level of blood cholesterol and triglyceride were all decreased while the level of HDL-C was increased,there was significant difference between 2 groups(P0.05).Huotan huayu jiangzhi decoction could significantly decrease the level of blood viscosity,reduced viscosity and metaglobulin,there was significant difference before and after treatment(P0.05,P0.01).CONCLUSION:Huotan huayu jiangzhi decoction has significant effect on hyperlipoidemia and can decrease the level of blood viscosity to a certain extent.


As an important component in many speech and language processing applications, statistical language model has been widely investigated. The bigram topic model, which combines advantages of both the traditional n-gram model and the topic model, turns out to be a promising language modeling approach. However, the original bigram topic model assigns the same topic number for each context word but ignores the fact that there are different complexities to the latent semantics of context words, we present a new bigram topic model, the bigram PLSA model, and propose a modified training strategy that unevenly assigns latent topics to context words according to an estimation of their latent semantic complexities. As a consequence, a refined bigram PLSA model is reached. Experiments on HUB4 Mandarin test transcriptions reveal the superiority over existing models and further performance improvements on perplexity are achieved through the use of the refined bigram PLSA model.


Objective:To analyze mechanism of multiple shoot of mutant.Method:The two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) was employed to compare the global protein patterns between normal and mutant.The 2-De gel maps were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively with the Image Master 2-DE analyzer;Results:The 59 expressed proteins in the mutant were different in quality and quantity from those in the normal,in which 35 spots increased and 20 spots decreased in quantity.Furthermore,4 spots were missing in mutant;Conclusion:The difference of maps of two stages might relate to multiple shoot of mutant.


Electricity load forecasting plays an important role in energy planning. In this paper artificial intelligence and metaheuristic algorithms are combined to develop an electricity load forecasting model. In this regard, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is used as well as genetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing the parameters. Furthermore, in order to increase the forecasting accuracy, the input electricity load demand is decomposed on the basis of wavelet transform (WT). The comparison of the proposed and available models shows the superiority of the proposed model rather than the other ones. The evaluation criteria include Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) indicators.


Time-series data has a natural chronological arrangement with modeling and cross-validation techniques, highly dependent on sequential processing of data, which challenges its parallelization. Since the running time of the modeling algorithm largely consists of a main operation of solving the modeling algorithm several times with various training and testing dataset sizes, it is the prime target for optimizing the running time. This research presents a parallel implementation of time-series cross-validation on a rolling basis that involves using a subset of the dataset for training purposes, expanding each dataset with each run to obtain test accuracy. The evaluation is conducted using parallel speedup, parallel efficiency, and computational time. The proposed algorithm distributes the task of modeling among several processors to run independently and obtain results. The computational time recorded ranged from 15.47 seconds at best with five processors to 28.33 seconds at worst when done with a single processor. The parallel system speedup was found to be sub-linear with an efficiency decreasing with the increase in the number of processors.


AN item in the Products & Services section in Veterinary Record (May 11, 2013, vol 172, p i) gave details about Pexion, a new anti-epileptic …


Correction for 'In situ laser irradiation: the kinetics of the changes in the nonlinear/linear optical parameters of As50Se40Sb10 thin films for photonic applications' by D. Sahoo et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 16015–16025, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA02368C.


(Ps = 0.0001). The trend is to smaller acute myocardial infarctions amongst bothmenandwomen hospitalized for the disorder in Bremen, with the change being more obvious amongst men. The most likely explanations are an increase in thrombolytic treatment (for both men and women) and an apparent greater reduction, amongst males, inatherosclerotic risk factors (reduced incidence rates) from1985 to1992.


To explore the protective effects of salidroside against endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) -induced cytotoxicity in human endothelial cells (EVC-304). EVC-304 cells were incubated in the presence or absence of low steady states of H2O2 (34μM) generated by glucose oxidase (GOX) with or without salidroside. MTT assays were performed, together with flow cytometric analysis using propidium (PI) label. The results indicated that salidroside could attenuate H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in EVC-304 cells in a dose-dependent pattern. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis revealed that salidroside could also inhibited the G2/M arrest induced by endogenous hydrogen. The present study demonstrates that salidroside could inhibit endogenous hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity of endothelial cells .


This paper introduces the QDQN-DPER framework to enhance the efficiency of quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) in solving sequential decision tasks. The framework incorporates prioritized experience replay and asynchronous training into the training algorithm to reduce the high sampling complexities. Numerical simulations demonstrate that QDQN-DPER outperforms the baseline distributed quantum Q learning with the same model architecture. The proposed framework holds potential for more complex tasks while maintaining training efficiency.


Non-mercerized high color density yellow iron oxide. On the modified α-FeOOH yellow iron oxide mordenite index of less than 5 may be obtained by the following methods: a) with respect to precipitated α-FeOOH, content of 3-9% by weight as Al


Growing environmental concerns for global warming in combination with the requirement of increasing energy efficiency with reduced equipment footprint have resulted in induction heating (IH) becoming an increasingly popular method for heating of both ferrous and nonferrous metallic materials. Highly controllable heating that range from modest to high heat intensities allows quick response in the process operating parameters. Induction systems usually require far less start-up and shutdown time, eliminating or dramatically reducing idle periods of unproductive heating. No energy is needed to build or to maintain the heat in non-operative conditions. Advantages in safety (neither combustion nor environmental contaminants are used) in combination with piece-by-piece processing capabilities with individual component traceability further increases an attractiveness of IH. In recent years, industry has developed a number of exciting thermal processes that advantageously apply heat generation by means of electromagnetic induction. Some of those technologies have been reviewed in Induction Thoughts installments published in 2018 including: ■ Edition 1 (hp 1/2018): Induction heating of wires, cables and tubular products ■ Edition 2 (hp 2/2018): Subtleties of induction heating of aluminum, magnesium and copper alloys ■ Edition 3 (hp 3/2018): Implications of induction hardening ■ Edition 4 (hp 4/2018): Specifics of induction hardening of powder metallurgy (P/M) components. This edition will be devoted to recent inventions and innovations in induction tempering and stress relieving of steels. INDUCTION TEMPERING AND STRESS RELIEVING OF STEELS The tempering process takes place after the steel is hardened but is a no less an important step in a component's manufacturing chain. The transformation of austenite to martensite through quenching creates a hard structure. Untempered martensite is often considered too brittle for commercial use, exhibiting low toughness and ductility and retaining a significant amount of residual stresses. The magnitudes and distributions of residual stresses might not always be desirable and need to be adjusted by applying tempering. Untempered martensite may also be associated with dimensional instability. Tempering (also referred as stress relieving, subcritical annealing, etc.) represents a large group of processes called subcritical heat treatment where microstructural changes and modification in engineering properties and residual stresses are achieved without austenization. Thus, the temperature range for tempering is always below Ac1 critical temperatures [1]. Work hardening takes place as a result of a cold work (e.g. rolling or drawing) increasing a number of dislocations (crystal imperfections), changing a dislocation pattern, producing elongated grains and increasing hardness and brittleness. In such applications, subcritical treatment helps to adjust the hardness and grain structure of workpieces; otherwise, it might be too difficult to continue cold working. Therefore, this treatment can also be applied between certain process stages when steel softening is needed. Transforming elongated grains into predominantly equiaxed grains, restoring toughness and ductility of steel, will improve its conditions before the next cold-work process.


. This paper presents environmental sound classification system and performance comparison on ESC 10 dataset. The feature extraction method includes cochlea and auditory nerve models. Classification model includes classic convolutional neuron network architectures. Experiments based on different architectures of convolutional neural networks and proposed feature extraction method. The model outperforms baseline implementations and achieves results comparable to other state-of-the-art approaches.


Ability to survive of an industry are very determined  of ability to maintain the power of competitiveness. One of power competitiveness still significant is sale price. To gain the good sale price required efficiency and the accuracy of determination of  the cost of good sold. In the determination of  the cost of good sold required three of information i.e : the cost of raw material, the cost of direct labor and overhead cost of production. Overhead cost is the component of cost it is difficult to control because there are can not be directly connected to cost object. One way counting of overhead cost with the Activity Based Costing method. Activity Based Costing method most important with the activities in production process. Keywords:  Cost of Good Sold, Activity Based Costing.


Background: Delusional parasitosis (DP) is a false, unshakable belief that pathogens have infested one's own skin or body. Objective: The objective was to record all patients with DP, a rare presentation of monosymptomatic delusion, in Iraq. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive study of 21 cases diagnosed with DP in Medical City Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, between 2013 and 2021. A detailed history and clinical examination were conducted to exclude actual organic disease. Results: All patients were females with a mean age of 65 years. They believed strongly to have pathogens in their skin or scalp, carrying containers with samples of skin debris, fibers, dead insects, hair waste, and small stones as proofs of their infestation. Careful psychiatric assessment ruled out schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and dementia, and proved the psychiatric diagnosis of monosymptomatic delusion. The patients described their symptoms as something crawling, stinging, and biting sensations. On examination, we often saw shaved scalp hair with injured skin in the form of excoriations, ulcerations, scarring, and pyogenic infections in a localized area. Conclusion: DP is a single symptom-sign complex manifestation in a person with a well-preserved personality apart from a single tactile hallucination of some sort of pathogens infesting their skin. It is commonly a disease of the scalp of elderly females that run a chronic course and rarely remits in a short time. Proper liaison between dermatologists and psychiatrists assisted by laboratory facilities is required for diagnosis and follow-up. Empathetic rapport, psychiatric referral, and early treatment by atypical anti-psychotics significantly improve such conditions.


This legislation allows physicians to offer specified care for a specific time pursuant to a fixed fee. The physician cannot require more than one year's payment upfront, and the agreement has to be terminable by either party with thirty days' notice. Physicians do not have to provide care if the fee has not been paid or the patient has committed fraud, failed to adhere to treatment, or is in physical danger.


In order to select the excellent beef cattle breed suitable for the improvement in this district.Randomly investigating the hybrids of South Devon and local cattle,South Devon,simmental and local cattle,Germany and local cattle,Germany,Simmental and local cattle in different districts,and the body weight,body size and slaughter performance of 59 hybrids were measured,the economic benefit of 86 individuals was investigated either.Result:The results showed that the birth weight,body weight at 3,6 and 12 months,daily gain and body size of hybridization improved cattle by south Devon cattle were higher than that of by German cattle.The difference was significant in birth weight,daily gain,body length,body height and chest measurement(P0.05).The hybrid of South Devon cattle was better than other improvement combinations in slaughter rate and net meat rate.Under the same feeding and management conditions,the economic benefit of feeding an improved cattle increased 70.19%~83.81% than feeding a local cattle.South Devon cattle was an ideal improvement breed in our county.


A new simple wide-aperture coupler is offered for coupling an optical radiance into and out of a planar optical waveguide. A coupler is a plane-parallel plate with the refractive index (RI) close to RI of an optical waveguide. The air gap between the coupler and the waveguide is formed by the coupler's elastic deformation. A coupler is distinguished by simplicity in fabrication and adjustment, high coupling efficiency (calculating value is 99% for optimal coupler parameters), and high uniformity of the coupler efficiency across the wide input light beam section thanks to the adaptivity to surface waveguide form errors. One expects that such a coupling method may be widely used both in the design of the high-quality hybrid integro- optical processors (especially acousto-optical) and in the laboratory experimental research in integrated optics.


Ship structures are basically an assembly of plate elements and estimation load-carrying capacity or the ultimate strength is one of the most important criterion for estimated safety assessment and rational design on the ship structure. Also, Structural elements making up ship plated structures do not work separately against external load. One of the critical collapse events of a ship structure is the occurrence of overall buckling and plastic collapse of deck or bottom structure subjected to longitudinal bending. So, the deck and the bottom plates are reinforced by a number af longitudinal stiffeners to increase their strength and load-carrying capacity. For a rational design avoiding such a sudden collapse, it is very important to know the buckling and plastic behaviour or collapse pattern of the stiffened plate under axial compression. In this present study, to investigate effect af modeling range, the finite element method are used and their results are compared varying the analysis ranges. When making the FEA model, six types of structural modeling are adopted varying the cross section of stiffener. In the present paper, a series of FEM elastoplastic large deflection analyses is performed on a stiffened plate with fiat-bar, angle-bar and tee-bar stiffeners. When the applied axial loading, the influences of cross-sectional geometries on collapse behaviour are discussed. The purpose of the present study is examined to numerically calculate the characteristics of buckling and ultimate strength behavior according to the analysis method of ship`s stiffened plate subject to axial loading.


The conservation and transformation of movement are a basic law in nature. Some of the treatises and works on the history of science in China published in recent years consider that Wang Fuzhi had taken cognizance of the conservation and transformation of movement in the last stage of Ming Dynasty. This paper deems after analyzing the data that they had come to their conclusion owing to their misapprehension of Wang Fuzhi's theory about the conservation of matter. It points out that Wang Fuzhi had not really taken cognizance of the conservation and transformation of movement.


The aim of this paper is to analyze the neo-pentecostal's representations of Argentine reality focusing, specially, on social problems, its origins, responsables and ways to solve it. The paper is divided in three differents parts. In the first one, we will characterize the believer's perspective on what they identify as the main social problems of Argentine and the possibilities to tackle their conflicts. The second one is focus on their representations about social protest movements, studying the stigmatize presence of the "piqueteros" in public life. Finally, in the third part, we will explore the spiritual dimention of social change from the evangelical point of view, considering the alternative model of action that they propose.


We report an experimental investigation about the Quality of Service of High Definition IPTV applications in a core-access network based on a DiffServ over MPLS architecture with GBE interfaces. We show that particular traffic treatments are required in the network, especially at the edge segment in order to guarantee high QoS performance.


Treatment and management of oil-impacted wastes (e.g. tank bottoms, clarifier or pit sludge, oil-impacted soils) poses significant technical and financial challenges at exploration and production (E&P) facilities. Often these materials are distant from waste disposal or treatment facilities or are inaccessible to the equipment necessary for treatment. Further, the size of treatment facilities and associated costs may make treatment of these wastes unviable.
 Heated Overland Thermal Treatment Pad (Hottpad), is a novel, cost-effective and easily scaled solution for oil impacted wastes at E&P sites that has been developed and field demonstrated. Hottpad consists of a metal pad with metal or dirt-bermed walls, which is then covered with oily waste material or oil-impacted soil for subsequent treatment via smouldering combustion. Since initial deployment in 2016, the technology has been further improved and refined to target two applications of interest; i) small, portable systems designed for treatment of stranded wastes and ii) centralized, bespoke scale treatment facilities. Both systems are designed for on-site treatment with conversion of wastes to materials suitable for reuse.
 The current Hottpad configuration is the culmination of more than 8 years of collaborative research, technology development, refinement and improvement. Hottpad has been demonstrated to be highly effective at meeting remediation goals, is cost-effective, and is a more sustainable and lower risk alternative to the traditional means of treatment that rely on off-site transport of impacted materials.


43 species of casebearer moths (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae) are noted for Russia fauna. Among them 12 species are recorded for Kaliningrad Province at first time, for Lipetsk Prov. 8, Penza 1, Astrakhan Prov. 5, Tatarstan 3, Primorsk Area 2 and for Sakhalin island 3.


The transmission compensated primary reflections can be obtained from the single-sided acoustic reflection response in the two-way traveltime domain. This is achieved by eliminating free-surface and internal multiple reflections and compensating for transmission losses in primary reflections without model information. The substantial computational cost of the proposed scheme can be reduced by an order of magnitude with a fast implementation version. This is achieved by using the previously computed filter functions as initial estimate for every new truncation time value. We evaluate the success of the scheme with simple and complex 2-D numerical examples. We find that the scheme has excellent performance in most cases, except for the case where strong reflectors are present. In such case, the current scheme suffers from lack of convergence.


The 're-Nazification' of many professions after 1945 has been proven beyond doubt. In this book, the author addresses the question of how it was possible for National Socialist lawyers, who had often been involved in cases in which indefensible sentences were passed (including the death sentence), to not only be reinstated in their positions but also to even frequently pursue a career in the judicial system. What mechanisms and preconditions were decisive in this respect? What role did superior authorities play? Why did attempts to investigate this topic in the 1950s and 60s fail? Using the example of lawyers involved in cases at special courts in Bavaria in which the death penalty was administered, this study is the first to answer these and other questions accurately, in exact detail and using manifold sources.


In the troposphere located at 2 ~ 8km height above sea-level of the equator area between south latitude 30°and north latitude 30°(most areas including China, Australia), there is a strong wind which has a constant good, abundant wind energy , stable wind direction and stable high speed wind--extremely ideal wind source for wind power(or: wind powered electricity). The wind power utilized above-mentioned strong wind as its driven force is tentatively called " troposphere wind power" by us. Troposphere wind power is characterized by high scientific technical contents, high projects difficulties and high beneficial results. Indeed it is the most novel, advanced wind power, namely a forward regenerated energy. Just because of this, the developed countries vie with each other in developing it. This article has introduced in detail troposphere wind power and some oversea instances of it. In addition, in order to devote some fragmentary information and superficial reveries about troposphere wind power to readers, a appendix--《Some Subtitles of Developing Troposphere Wind Power (rough sraft) 》is attached in the end of this article.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a safety payment method and device. The method comprises the following steps: when detecting an opening request of a payment interface of a pre-appointed payment application program, providing a first identity information acquisition interface and acquiring first identity information of a user from the first identity information acquisition interface; performing matching verification on the first identity information and preset second identity information, allowing the payment interface of the payment application program to be opened when determining that verification is passed, and making payment through the payment interface. Therefore, the safety of terminal payment can be improved.


The intensity of train load in the railway bridges is relatively large and continues to repeat. Also, the speed of vehicles is very fast. For these reasons, analyses for dynamic response under train load are necessary in the railway bridges. In other words, the dynamic characteristics of steel-composite bridges under train loads should be investigated considering effects of dynamic responses such as vibrations, repeated displacements and accelerations of bridge members. Therefore, in this study, static and dynamic analyses for the I-girder bridges are carried out. Based on analyses results, we investigated and compared dynamic responses considering the impact factors of domestic and foreign design specifications.


Background: Prostate cancer which is the second most common cancer in men after lung cancer is a disease in which malignant cells begin to multiply rapidly in a disordered way. The condition causes the size of the prostate gland to increase. This disease could have a slow growth rate and take a long time before clinical manifestations appear and in cases it can grow rapidly and attack bones and other tissues. Materials and Methods: Pubmed, Google and Medline databases were searched. Results: Vegetarian diet is effective in the prevention of prostate cancer. Beans, whole grains, nuts and seeds, due to high zinc, are considered protective against prostate cancer. In addition, high concentrations of zinc in the prostate gland show its important role in the healthy. Also it has been seen that in patients with prostate cancer, levels of zinc in this gland reduced. Studies have shown that men who eat foods rich in zinc or receive zinc supplements have a reduced risk of this cancer. Conclusion: Lack of zinc not only causes DNA damage, but it also may disrupt the ability of cells to respond to DNA damage and may increase the risk of prostate cancer progression. Adequate zinc levels are essential for maintaining the health of prostate cells, but zinc supplements may help prevent the growth of prostate cancer.


Based on the TAH scheme, we construct the generalized (2+1)- dimensional S-mKdv hierarchy and the generalized (2+1)-dimensional Levi hierarchy, and we also generate their Hamiltonian structures. At last, we also obtain the Darboux transformations of the generalized (2+1)-dimensional Levi hierarchy.


The paper describes the function and working principium of SRS.Combining Author's experience which gained from work,it also introduces the Ways for resolve ordinary malfunction and the relative countermeasures.The paper also gives good references to the engineers who work in SRS quality improvement.


Despite the variation of the incremental temperature resistance sensitivity of thermistors, temperatures can be measured in a Wheatstone bridge circuit having constant temperature deflection sensitivity if the bridge is fed from a variable voltage supply. In the circuit described the compensation can be automatically set when the bridge is balanced, both operations being performed simultaneously on one and the same variable resistor, which is in series with a thermistor in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge and is part of a fixed resistor, the remainder of which is in series with the bridge voltage supply. As a result, the voltage across the bridge changes with the balancing resistor, so that the rate of change with temperature of the off-balance current is independent of the temperature at which the bridge is balanced. The resistance values of the other three bridge arms must be suitably chosen to achieve this automatic compensation, and a method is described for their evaluation. In a typical example, full-scale deflection was obtained for a change of 0.315 degC, i.e. a sensitivity of 2.45 μA deg-1, which was within 1% of the calculated value and constant to 1% over the working range of 15 degC.


A tactile map is an assistive tool for visually impaired persons to obtain special information. As new barrier-free laws were recently enacted in Japan, many Braille signs and tactile guide maps have been installed in various facilities. Several production methods are available for tactile guide maps. Screen prints have become increasingly popular in Japan because they offer several advantages, including the fact that they can be printed together with visual characters. However, users have one major complaint: screen printing does not create lines and dots on tactile maps, thus necessitating improvement in screen printing performance. In this study, we developed a new tactile map production device as an alternative to screen printing devices. Also, a tactile map created by our method included a vocal guidance function based on users' needs. We found that the finished-print performance and convenience of tactile maps improved considerably. This study will be useful in providing a new style for future tactile maps.


Conclusions 1. Extra-cellular respiration was exhibited by seminal plasma of the boar. Oxygen consumption of seminal plasma ranged from 5 to 22% of that of the whole semen. The R.Q. was unity. After the plasma had been held for 5 minutes at 100°C respiration at reduced intensity was observed. Respiration was not exhibited by that fraction of the seminal plasma which passed through a porcelain filter. 2. The metabolic rate of the ejaculate of a cryptorchid boar was of the same order as that of seminal plasma. 3. No errors in measurement of oxygen consumption were detected which could be attributed to the presence of bacteria.


Sambat Online is one of the implementation of E-Government for complaints management provided by Malang City Government.  All of the complaints will be classified into its intended department. In this study, automatic complaint classification system using Neighbor Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor (NW-KNN) is poposed because Sambat Online has imbalanced data. The system developed consists of three main stages including preprocessing, N-Gram feature extraction, and classification using NW-KNN. Based on the experiment results, it can be concluded that the NW-KNN algorithm is able to classify the imbalanced data well with the most optimal k-neighbor value is 3 and unigram as the best features by 77.85% precision, 74.18% recall, and 75.25% f-measure value. Compared to the conventional KNN, NW-KNN algorithm also proved to be better for imbalanced data problems with very slightly differences.


At KTMB, we strongly believe that every aspect of human capital is vital, so all our training programmes are designed to upgrade skills and knowledge gaps, including aspects of attitudes and values. To achieve these goals, KTMB plans and conducts annual training programmes each and every year in track maintenance and management, signalling and communications maintenance, overhead catenary maintenance, rolling-stock maintenance, train operation, occupational safety and health, customer service, management, supervisory skills and personal development. Every new employee entering KTMB must attend a 14-day induction programme, which will be followed up subsequently by various training programmes closely related to job requirements. The training duration varies for different job types and ranges from 3 months to 2 years. The programmes include classroom sessions, practical sessions, observations, field trips, and on-the job-training (OJT) too. Most programmes include written examinations to assess the trainees' level of knowledge. The following jobs also have practical assessments to complement their competency level: • Assistant Locomotive Drivers • Locomotive/EMU Drivers • Traffic Assistants Introduction


Previous research on Spanish subject pronoun expression (SPE) has identified mostly functional factors, but also one mechanical factor, perseveration or priming, regulating subject form alternation between expressed and unexpressed subjects in Spanish, as in (Ella) baila en su oficina 'She dances in her office'. Priming has been widely explored in the psycholinguistic literature and, more recently, in corpus linguistics. A priming effect is reported where the use of a structure, when more than one structure is available, increases the probability of that same structure being used in a subsequent utterance. In SPE, some authors have explored priming by including the form of the subject of the previous verb form as a variable. Several previous studies using variable rule analyses report that pronouns lead to pronouns and null subjects to null subjects (Abreu, 2012; Cameron, 1994; Cameron & Flores-Ferrán, 2004; Flores-Ferrán 2002; Travis, 2007; Travis & Torres-Cacoullos, 2012). Otheguy (2015), however, presents cross-tabulated data from eight interviews from Otheguy & Zentella's (2012) NYC corpus and concludes that there is no priming effect. The current paper contributes to this debate by examining priming in two analyses, cross-tabulated data and a mixed-effects model.


The crystallization behavior of a series of alloys in the Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be system is studied. Upon cooling from the molten state with different rates, alloys with compositions ranging along a tie line from (Zr 75 Ti 25 ) 55 (Ni 45 Cu 55 ) 22.5 Be 22.5 (Vit1) to (Zr 85 Ti 15 ) 55 (Ni 57 Cu 43 ) 17.5 Be 27.5 (Vit4) show a continuous increase in the critical cooling rate to suppress crystallization. In contrast, thermal analysis of the same alloys shows that the undercooled liquid region, the temperature difference between the glass transition temperature and the crystallization temperature, is largest for compositions midway between the two endpoints, revealing that glass forming ability does not correlate with thermal stability. The relationship between the change in glass forming ability and thermal stability is discussed with reference to a chemical decomposition process.


The ESA FIRST mission, the first 4-m class observatory in space, will allow drastic improvements in mapping for faint sources with respect to previous far-IR telescopes, and will provide complementary spectral coverage with respect to major projects like NGST and ALMA. FIRST will be a powerful tool to investigate phases in the evolution of galaxies at long wavelengths, whose relevance has only recently been fully understood. The present contribution is aimed at revisitingthe scientific case for deep cosmological surveys that will be performed with FIRST, in the light of recent discoveries by the Cosmic Background Explorer, the Infrared Space Observatory and large millimetric telescopes on ground. All these are showing that crucial phases in galaxy formation and evolution at highredshifts can only be investigated at long wavelengths, in particular phases of enhanced activity of star formation, consequent to merging, bringing to the formation of galaxy spheroids. FIRST will be the only planned instrument for many years to come workingin the far-IR with imag ing capabilities comparable to those of optical telescopes on ground, allowing, in particular, to accurately measure the bolometric emission of galaxies and active nuclei at any redshifts. This will be essential when attemptingto recover the history of baryon transformations, through both stellar thermonuclear reactions and gravitational accretion onto supermassive black holes.


An electrical model based on drift diffusion is described. We have explored systematically how the shape of the current density-voltage (J-V) curves is determined by the input parameters, information that isessential when deducing values of these parameters by fitting to experimental data for an ITO/PPV/Al organic light-emitting device (OLED), where ITO is shorthand for indium tin oxide and PPV is poly(phenylene vinylene). Our conclusion is that it is often possible to obtain a unique fit even with several parameters to fit. Our results allowing for a tunneling current show remarkable resemblance to experimental data before and after the contacts are conditioned. We have demonstrated our model on single-layer devices with ITO/PFO/Au and ITO/PEDOT/PFO/Au at room temperature and ITO/TPD/Al over temperatures from 130to290K. PFO is shorthand for poly(9,9′-dialkyl-fluorene-2,7-dyl) and TPD is shorthand for N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)1-1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine. Good fits to experimental data have bee...


Bow Shock Pulsar Wind Nebulae are a class of non-thermal sources, that form when the wind of a pulsar moving at supersonic speed interacts with the ambient medium, either the ISM or in a few cases the cold ejecta of the parent supernova. These systems have attracted attention in recent years, because they allow us to investigate the properties of the pulsar wind in a different environment from that of canonical Pulsar Wind Nebulae in Supernova Remnants. However, due to the complexity of the interaction, a full-fledged multidimensional analysis is still laking. We present here a simplified approach, based on Lagrangian tracers, to model the magnetic field structure in these systems, and use it to compute the magnetic field geometry, for various configurations in terms of relative orientation of the magnetic axis, pulsar speed and observer direction. Based on our solutions we have computed a set of radio emission maps, including polarization, to investigate the variety of possible appearances, and how the observed emission pattern can be used to constrain the orientation of the system, and the possible presence of turbulence.


Background: FoxO1 regulates expression of lipogenic genes including srebp1. Results: FoxO1 inhibits transcription of SREBP-1c via coordinated effects on key regulatory factors including Sp1 and SREBP-1c itself. Conclusion: FoxO1 acts at multiple levels to prevent assembly of the transcriptional complex on the srebp1 gene. Significance: FoxO1 effectively inhibits SREBP-1c gene expression, a major regulator of hepatic lipogenesis. Induction of lipogenesis in response to insulin is critically dependent on the transcription factor, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). FoxO1, a forkhead box class-O transcription factor, is an important mediator of insulin action, but its role in the regulation of lipid metabolism has not been clearly defined. We examined the effects of FoxO1 on srebp1 gene expression in vivo and in vitro. In vivo studies showed that constitutively active (CA) FoxO1 (CA-FoxO1) reduced basal expression of SREBP-1c mRNA in liver by ∼60% and blunted induction of SREBP-1c in response to feeding. In liver-specific FoxO knock-out mice, SREBP-1c expression was increased ∼2-fold. Similarly, in primary hepatocytes, CA-FoxO1 suppressed SREBP1-c expression and inhibited basal and insulin-induced SREBP-1c promoter activity. SREBP-1c gene expression is induced by the liver X receptor (LXR), but CA-FoxO1 did not block the activation of SREBP-1c by the LXR agonist TO9. Insulin stimulates SREBP-1c transcription through Sp1 and via "feed forward" regulation by newly synthesized SREBP-1c. CA-FoxO1 inhibited SREBP-1c by reducing the transactivational capacity of both Sp1 and SREBP-1c. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that FoxO1 can associate with the proximal promoter region of the srebp1 gene and disrupt the assembly of key components of the transcriptional complex of the SREBP-1c promoter. We conclude that FoxO1 inhibits SREBP-1c transcription via combined actions on multiple transcription factors and that this effect is exerted at least in part through reduced transcriptional activity of Sp1 and SREBP-1c and disrupted assembly of the transcriptional initiation complex on the SREBP-1c promoter.