Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors in the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei are unusual in that their two fatty acids are myristate. The myristates are added in the final stages of GPI biosynthesis in a remodeling reaction. Remodeling occurs first at the sn-2 position of glycerol, involving removal of a longer fatty acid and subsequent attachment of myristate. The second myristate is then incorporated into thesn-1 position, but the mechanism has been unclear due to the unavailability of a reliable cell-free system supporting complete remodeling. Here, we first refined the cell-free system (by removing Mn2+ ions), thereby allowing efficient production of the dimyristoylated GPI precursor. Using this improved system, we made three new discoveries concerning the pathway for fatty acid remodeling. First, we discovered a monomyristoylated GPI (known as glycolipid θ′) as an intermediate involved in remodeling at the sn-1 position. Second, we found an alternative pathway for production of glycolipid θ, the first lyso intermediate in remodeling. The alternative pathway involves an inositol-acylated GPI known as glycolipid lyso-C′. Finally, we found that there is significant breakdown of GPIs during remodeling in the cell-free system, and we speculate that this breakdown has a regulatory role in GPI biosynthesis.


To the Editor: Dupuytren's contracture is a fibroproliferative disorder that has a US prevalence rate of approximately 7%, with those reporting a diagnosis or treatment having a mean age of 59 years.1 Progressive fibrosis of the palm leading to flexion, hypertrophy, contracture of the palmar, and digital fascia are key symptoms of Dupuytren's contracture.2

Fibroblast dysregulation, the xanthine oxidase pathway, oxidase stress, and proinflammatory protein mediators (cytokines) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of Dupuytren's contracture.2 Evidence suggests that fibroblast and proinflammatory protein mediator dysregulation may be present in patients with major depression.3 Even though Dupuytren's contracture is associated with many comorbid conditions, literature is sparse with regard to the co-occurrence of Dupuytren's contracture and major depression. This case report shows possible associations of depression with Dupuytren's contracture.

Case report. Mr A, a 50-year-old white man with a medical history of Dupuytren's contracture, past alcoholism, hypothyroidism, Peyronie's disease, and depression and a smoking history of a half pack per day for over 30 years, presented to a university clinic in February 2015 with exacerbation of his depression and bilateral Dupuytren's contracture. Mr A complained of pain, which he rated as 7/10, making it difficult for him to use his hands, and he denied any history of trauma. Mr A worked in construction for more than 25 years, which required repetitive use of both hands. He became unable to work and went on disability in 2013 due to severe Dupuytren's contracture in both hands.

Mr A complained of worsening depression coinciding with Dupuytren's contracture together with loss of appetite, feeling hopeless, insomnia, loss of interest, and low energy of more than 4 weeks' duration, with no suicidal ideation. Mr A had no other significant mental health issue, and he scored 21 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.4 Mr A also stated that he noticed a cyclical pattern of his depression aggravating his Dupuytren's contracture symptoms. He stated that once his depression started or relapsed, the Dupuytren's contracture pain became more intense. He also noticed a significant reduction in pain whenever his depressive symptoms improved. At examination, he had a blunt affect and contracture in both palms, with significant bowstringing in his right hand making it difficult to place the hand flat on a table (Figure 1). Complete blood count and basic metabolic panel tests were normal, although his thyroid-stimulating hormone level was elevated.

Figure 1.

Images Showing Dupuytren's Contracture

A diagnosis of recurrent major depressive disorder was made (DSM-5 criteria), and he was started on venlafaxine extended release 150 mg/d, along with pain management with morphine controlled release 30 mg every 12 hours. Mr A noted a significant improvement of his symptoms while on this regimen and after 3 months was scheduled for surgical exploration and repair of the hand, which was unsuccessful.

Depression has been linked to dysregulation of the fibroblast, possibly via the mechanism of oxidative stress.3 Worsening of Mr A's depression coinciding with exacerbation of Dupuytren's contracture suggests that symptoms of both conditions might be due to similar pathways. Antidepressant doses of venlafaxine have been shown to modulate oxidative stress,5 which might have been the reason for Mr A's improvement. Venlafaxine has been shown to inhibit glucocorticoid-induced gene transcription in both mouse fibroblasts.6 Mr A's current history of smoking, previous alcohol use, and repetitive use of his hands might have contributed to the Dupuytren's contracture since they are modifiable factors; however, he was able to correlate the cyclic worsening of his Dupuytren's contracture pain with relapse of his depression.

This case highlights the fact that Dupuytren's contracture with comorbidities such as severe depression could alter the prognosis via complex interactions affecting fibroblast dysregulation and oxidase stress. Further studies are required.


Well casing represents a significant portion of total well cost. The full-length paper presents a study of multistring-casing-design optimization that considers complex load conditions, annular-fluid expansion, and wellhead growth. Casing strings for different drilling phases are selected to reduce tubular cost without sacrificing safety and well integrity. An interval branch-and-bound optimization technique is used to find global minima of the cost function. A new concept of wellhead-growth index (WGI) is introduced.


We investigated the perceptibility of stop voicing in a domain-final neutralizing context in German that according to various phonological models is completely neutralized in favour of the voiceless category but that according to various empirical studies is distinguishable phonetically. A primary aim was to determine whether acoustic cues that were available for the stop voicing distinction were perceptible in a neutralizing context. A secondary aim was to assess whether voicing perception was influenced by phonotactic frequency and the potential for resyllabification. Nineteen listeners of a Standard German speaking variety made forcedchoice judgments to synthetic stimuli spanning a voiced-voiceless continuum containing domain-final alveolar and velar stops in various neutralizing contexts that differed in terms of phonotactic probability and the potential for resyllabification. Our results showed that voicing information could be distinguished but that the perceptibility of this distinction also depended on statistical properties of phoneme sequences and whether a domain-final stop could potentially be perceptually resyllabified as domain-initial. Our general conclusion is that a categorical neutralization model is insufficient to account for stop voicing perception in German in a domain-final context: instead, voicing perceptibility in these contexts depends on an interaction between acoustic information and phonological knowledge which emerges as a generalization across the lexicon. * A version of this chapter was published in the Journal of Phonetics, 38 (Kleber, John, & Harrington, 2010).


Solid-state semiconductor gas sensors have been attracting a great deal of attention for over two decades, due to their importance in gas analysis and safety applications [...].


The invention relates to a saline bag for cold compress. The traditional ice bag for cold compress has hard texture and is inconvenient to fix and uncomfortable to use. For the reason, the saline bag for cold compress comprises a bag body, wherein the bag body is made of soft materials, a sodium chloride or potassium chloride aqueous solution with weight concentration of 20-30 percent is encapsulated into the bag body, and 2-10 percent of methylrosanilinium chloride solution or merbromin solution is also mixed into the solution. The saline bag for cold compress has simple structure, can not be frozen into blocks and is comfortable and convenient to use and suitable for different people who need cold compress.


Background : Celtis integrifolia commonly known as (African Hackberry) and locally called Zuwo in Hausa, is a medicinal plant whose root, leaves and bark are used in northern Nigeria in the treatment epilepsy. Objective : The study evaluated the anticonvulsant activity of the methanol leaf extract of Celtis integrifolia in chicks and mice. Methodology : Preliminary phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies were carried out. The anticonvulsant activity of methanol leaf extract of Celtis integrifolia (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was assessed using maximal electroshock seizure test in chicks, pentylenetetrazole, 4-aminopyridine and strychnine tests in mice. Results : Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides were detected in Celtis integrifolia , while the interperitoneal median lethal dose was estimated to be 2,154 mg/kg in mice. The methanol leaf extract of Celtis integrifolia significantly ( p < 0.01) delayed onset of seizure induced by MES and provided 20.0% protection to chicks at 200 mg/kg dose. The onset of seizure behavior and latency to death was significantly ( p < 0.01) increased by the extract, while 16.7 and 33.3% protection (200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively) was conferred to mice against pentylenetetrazole induced seizure. The extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg protected 50.0% of mice against 4-Aminopyridine induced seizure and significantly ( p < 0.01) delayed onset of seizure behavior. The extract did not show any activity in the strychnine induced seizure model. Conclusion: The study shows that Celtis integrifolia methanol leaf extract possess anticonvulsant activity, thus lending credence to the ethnomedicinal claim for the use of the plant in the management of epilepsy. Keywords : Celtis integrifolia , anticonvulsant, maximal electroshock seizure, pentylenetetrazole, 4-aminopyridine


Computer and Communication Technology (CCT) are now involved in governmental, industrial, and business domains more than ever. Thus, it is important for CCT personnel to continue academic research to improve technology and its adoption to modern applications. The up-to-date research and technologies must be distributed to researchers and CCT community continuously to aid future development. The intent of the activity is to let the participants acquaint with transcendental growth, recent trends, innovations and security issues involved in the domain of communication technologies, high performance computing, big data, social media, hardware & software design, advanced software engineering, Internet of Things (IoT), e-governance etc. and their impact on societal applications through various brainstorming sessions. The conference will facilitate the young researchers, industries and research agencies especially, those, who are carrying out their research work in the aforesaid domain of Computer Science, Information Technology, Electronics and Communication Engineering with valuable discussions in order to make the outcomes more realistic. The technical committee of GC-RDCT received 135 papers, out of which 48 are shortlisted for the Conference for oral. Through this Conference, we have tried to bring in researchers from various universities and institutions to interact and deliberate within and get ideas for their future scientific endeavors. Due to the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, the conference was organized in FULL VIRTUAL MODE. The conference was held in Google Meet online platform. All the speakers and the presenters have been connected through goggle meet platform and the inaugural function of the conference was held physically at AJIET and was live streamed through Google Meet and Youtube. I am pleased to acknowledge the unstinting support from my colleagues at AJIET, the International Advisory, the Technical Program, and the Local Organization Committee members. I am incredibly grateful to our Management, Principal & Administrative Staffs, for providing required support. Dr. Nagesh H R Organizing Chair, GC-RDCT 2021 Committee, Chief Patron, Patron, Conference Chair, Organizing Chair, Information Contact, Publicity and Promotions, Local Arrangements Committee, Finance Committee, Sponsorship Committee, Editorial Committee, Technical Program Committee – Chairs, Technical Program Committee are available in the pdf


Information Technology (IT) has contributed to the development of many areas, including the development of companies and in accordance with the requirements of the free market, so it has become necessary to contribute to the development of the knowledge management system because of its importance in the use and dissemination of knowledge through the IT model that focuses on all the requirements of the knowledge management system. And the factors affecting its development, this model is characterized by meeting the needs of the system and upgradable, as well as being comprehensive and integrated (with other systems). The model is designed in several programming languages such as (C#, PHP and MySQL) and according to business requirements in addition to its ease of use so that everyone can use it (employees, clients, partners), and that the model has the ability to identify obstacles and errors that cause non-development, In terms of communication, it uses all technical resources (interviews, video conferences, chat rooms, etc.) to contribute to enhancing teamwork and communication, enhancing expertise and processing data and relying on human expertise to promote innovation and knowledge acquisition to achieve the real objective of this study which is to develop a knowledge management system.


The number λq = 2 cos π/q, q∈N, q≥3, appears in the study of Hecke groups which are Fuchsian groups of the first kind, and in the study of regular polyhedra. Here we obtained the minimal polynomial of this number by means of the better known Chebycheff polynomials and the set of roots on the extension Q(λq). We follow some kind of inductive method on the number q. The minimal polynomial is obtained for even q.


Through the investigation of the current employment of the graduate students of sport major in the Yangzi River Delta,the paper indicates that they have strong and rational employment consciousness but they only want to work in the big cities and economic developed areas rather than in the western part in China,middle and small sized cities and grass roots.It is necessary to strengthen the ethic education and have the appropriate idea about the relationship between the benefits of the country,the group and the individuals.


In a liberated nocturnal moment of intercultural sharing, the catechetical narrator of "Ithaca", possibly also speaking for Leopold Bloom and Stephen Dedalus, produces a catalogue of "points of contact" that exist between the "ancient Hebrew" and "ancient Irish" languages and "between the peoples who spoke them" (U 17.745-6, 724-5). This learned list begins with references to Stephen's and Bloom's previous "oral" and "glyphic" comparisons of the two languages, and records "the presence of guttural sounds, diacritic aspirations, epenthetic and servile letters in both languages" (C/17.747-8). In this study I wish to explore how the last two orthographic points can be seen to make much more general sense than their truly Ithacan style of respectable but seemingly narrow technicality would suggest.1 Aspirations and letters: the politics of writingAt first sight, the narrator's reference to "diacritic aspirations" seems rather straightforward, suggesting that in written Hebrew as well as in written Irish Gaelic, diacritics - that is, "signs or marks used to distinguish different sounds or values of the same letter or character" - indicate the linguistic phenomenon called aspiration, whereby a sound is pronounced "with a breathing" or has "h or its supposed equivalent" added to it.287 This definition, however, only begins to make descriptive sense in the case of these two languages if we remember that nineteenth- and early twentieth-century grammars also used the term aspiration for the "spirant" (fricative) pronunciations of stops (plosives), for instance, for the pronunciation of [p] as [f]. Under this interpretation, the diacritics that come closest to the Ithacan description are the ancient short horizontal overbar (')(Called rafe (or raphe) in Hebrew, and the overdot ['] known as pone seimhithe in Irish Gaelic.288 While Irish texts printed in standard Roman characters generally marked (and mark) "aspiration" (or rather spirantization, and more generally, lenition) by inserting an h after the affected consonant letter, the use of the Irish "diacritic aspiration" had, by the late nineteenth century, become firmly associated with the use of a distinctive Gaelic letter type. Also called the "Irish character", this local version of the Latin alphabet, based on early medieval monastic manuscript styles that developed on the British Isles from their uncial and half uncial predecessors in North Africa and Europe, came by Joyce's time to be seen as a strong visual marker of the Irish character of anything printed with it.289The Joycean reference to "servile" letters ("not belonging to the root of the word in which [they] occur [...]; serving to express a derivative or flexional element")290 is similarly significant. The distinction between "root" and "servile" letters, traditional in Hebrew, appears to have been introduced into Irish grammatical discourse in the eighteenth century with explicit reference to the Hebrew counterparts, to describe consonants affected by what we now would call "nasalisation" or "eclipsis" in Gaelic grammar - while at the same time no doubt appropriating some of the aura of antiquity and respectability surrounding the ancient biblical language.291 As this last gesture towards Hebrew suggests, seemingly technical linguistic descriptions often have their ideological agendas.292Such symbolic interpretations of linguistic details are, of course, not far from Joyce's point. While Leopold Bloom and Stephen Dedalus engage in a comparison of the sounding ("phonic") as well as written ("glyphic") manifestations of Gaelic and Hebrew, the narrator assures us that their knowledge of these languages is neither active nor extensive, but "[theoretical" and "confined" (U 17.743). It is also not necessarily very reliable: if we can believe Brendan O Hehir, the Ithacan rendition of Stephen's recitation of the ballad "Shule Aroon" or Siul a rim is faulty at several points, including some that are specifically singled out later as significant parallels with Hebrew. …


We present an improved method for high precision (≤0.6 ‰, 2σ) determination of lithium isotope ratio (7Li/6Li) on sub-nanogram samples by single collector triple quadrupole ICP-MS (Agilent® 8900 QQQ-ICP-MS). We...


A validation gate for target tracking is discussed in this paper. We present the new gate size estimation method by maximizing the difference between the average of target detection within the gate and the average number of false measurements within the gate. We also prove that an ellipsoidal gate computed from Chi-square distribution tables is the optimal shape. In this new method, the gate volume is finite even if the probability of target detection is 1. These characteristics can be intuitively approved.


P r o x i m i t y s p a c e s (due to Ef removich) a r o s e f rom ax ioma t i za t ion of the r e l a t i on 6 of c l o s e n e s s defined be tween s u b s e t s A and B in a m e t r i c space by se t t ing A 6 B if the d i s t ance be tween them is z e r o . The bas i c p r o p e r t i e s of p r o x i m i t y s p a c e s a r e proved and Smirnov 1 s t h e o r e m that a p r o x i m i t y space c o r r e s p o n d s to a unique compact i f i ca t ion of the under ly ing topologica l space i s s ta ted . A l so s ta ted a r e Smi rnov ' s and R a m m S h v a r t s c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n of those p r o x i m i t y r e l a t i o n s that a r i s e f r o m m e t r i c s . Uni form s p a c e s in the s ense of Bourbak i a r e in t roduced and the s t a n d a r d fac ts p roved . After s ta t ing the m e t r i z a t i o n t h e o r e m for unif o r m s p a c e s , the au thor g ives the Tukey and Sh v a r t s d e s c r i p t i o n s of un i fo rm s p a c e s and in t e r m s of each of these d i s c u s s e s the connect ion be tween uni form s p a c e s and p rox imi ty s p a c e s . The r e v i e w e r feels that it would have been wor thwhi le to s tate the equ iva lence be tween uni form s p a c e s and p rox imi ty s p a c e s . This would have m a d e it poss ib le to r e v e a l the connect ion be tween comple t ion and the Smi rnov compac t i f i ca t ion. F ina l ly , the au tho r g ives an account of the work of Kurepa , P a p i c , F r e c h e t , A p p e r t , Co lmez and h imse l f on the p r o b l e m of defining a topology on a set by m e a n s of an a b s t r a c t d i s t a n c e . E s s e n t i a l l y th is r e q u i r e s the r e p l a c e m e n t of the posi t ive r e a l n u m b e r s in the definition of a m e t r i c space by some o the r set equipped with va ry ing types of s t r u c t u r e . The de ta i l s of the r e s u l t s a r e too t e c h n i c a l to be men t ioned in a r e v i e w . J . T a y l o r , McGill Un ive r s i ty In t roduct ion to functional a n a l y s i s for s c i e n t i s t s and t e c h n o l o g i s t s , by B . Z . Vulikh. A d d i s o n W e s l e y and P e r g a m o n P r e s s (1963), Reading, M a s s . ^lO.OO. Th i s book i s a t r a n s l a t i o n of Vvedeniye v funkts ional ' nyi ana l i z publ i shed in the Soviet Union in 1958. Accord ing to one r e v i e w e r (S. H. Gould, Math. Reviews 21(1960), 2172), the o r ig ina l Russ ian


In healthy adults a wide range (0.28 to 5.34mMol/L) of plasma FFA levels were generated by the fat meal-heparin regimen (Schalch DS, Kipnis DM, J.Clin.Invest.44:2010,1965). In each experiment 4-5 blood samples were collected, albumin (Alb) and FFA concentrations were measured and BR binding assessed using: (a) BR titration of sera using Sephadex (S) Column Chromatography (Valaes T, Hyte M, Pediatrics 59:881,1977); (b) the Undiluted Peroxidase (P) method (Ahlfors CE, Clin.Chem.27:692,1981); and (c) the automated Bilirubin Hematofluorometer (HMF) (Wells R et al Clin.Chem.28:432,1982). With S a significant negative correlation was found between the BR/Alb (molar ratio) at the BR titration point ("BR binding capacity") and the FFA/Alb (Y=0.883 -0.088·X, r=-0.90, p<0.001, n=38). Similarly, after "spicing" the sera to BR/Alb of 0.367±0.029(SD) the Apparent Unbound BR (nMol/L) by the P method was significantly related to the FFA/Alb (Y=13.5±41.66.X, r=0.957, p<0.001, n=28). The BR/Alb at BR binding capacity by HMF was only weakly related to FFA/Alb (Y=0.711-0.009·X, r=-0.353, p<0.05, n=34). However, "spicing" of the blood samples to BR/Alb of 0.54±0.054(SD) improved the correlation (Y=0.929-0.041·X, r=-0.835, p<0.001, n=12). The reasons for this effect of "spicing" are not clear.Previous conclusions of no effect up to FFA/Alb of 4, derived from studies with Alb solutions and in vitro additions of FFA, should be revised.


Although various types of hydrogel-based 3D cell culture platforms have been developed, it is difficult to prepare porous hydrogels encapsulating intact cells and having capillary networks with a one-step procedure. Here we propose a facile strategy to prepare microvasculature-embedding porous hydrogels for 3D cell culture, utilizing an aqueous two-phase dispersion system. We used an aqueous solution of photo-crosslinkable gelatin (GelMA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form an aqueous two-phase dispersion system. A bi-continuous state was generated by re-mixing these two phases at a proper mixing ratio, and a sponge-like, porous hydrogel could be formed by selectively crosslinking the GelMA-rich phase via UV irradiation. We successfully encapsulated mammalian cells in the hydrogel matrix with a high cell viability, and confirmed that the porous hydrogel was superior to homogeneous hydrogels for cell culture. The presented hydrogel would be applicable to 3D-cell culture for various types of biomedical applications.


Abstract : On August 2, 1991, Iraq invaded neighboring Kuwait. Within a week of the invasion, the United States had begun troop deployments to the region to defend Saudi Arabia from further Iraqi aggression. The operation, code named 'Desert Shield,' would ultimately involve half a million American troops, among them, the 18,000 soldiers of the 24th Infantry Division from Fort Stewart, Georgia. This study discusses the deployment of the 24th Division and its impact on the United States Medical Department Activity (MEDDAC) at Fort Stewart. The deployment of the 24th Division marked the first full-scale deployment of a heavy Army division since the Korean War. The MEDDAC's support of that deployment and of subsequent reserve mobilizations and deployments presented many unique situations. A number of these situations are discussed in this study, including: employment of the Professional Officer Filler System (PROFIS), use of backfill physicians, integration of an Army Reserve augmentation hospital, medical support of Soldier Readiness Processing (SRP), conduct of deployability medical evaluations, and the activities of various elements of the MEDDAC staff in support of Operation Desert Shield.


Nowadays deep intelligence technology platforms have strongly gained significant presentation accomplishments in different categories including medical and pattern examination. By 2050, the world with nearly 115 million human beings is going to be affected from Alzheimer disease. The phrase "Prevention is better than Cure" apt for the Alzheimer's disease. Early detection of AD is the only way for the preventative measures to be taken before it gets worse. The MRI data have been used for AD detection. Various statistical analysis and ML models have been utilized by researchers for AD diagnosis. Currently there is no cure and early detection can reduce the severity levels which has become a most challenging in the medical field and researches. The aim of this research is to provide an overview of techniques applied for early recognition of AD by using human brain MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) data.


Nowadays,with the economic globdization and western area development,primitive ecological culture has suffered from great conflicts,some changed,while some disappeared.However,because of relatively close natural enviroment,Tujia Nationality,Viving Qing Jiang area in western Hubei,has presered rich primitive ecological cultune,of which the most important is the peculiar dietetic culture.The present paper has made a general l discussion and settlement,holding a view that we must strengthen to protect and exploit the unigue and rich cultural resources to ensure the diversity of culture.


Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) have seen an impressive development throughout the world this last decade. In France, photovoltaic (PV) installations under 3 kW p represent 90% of the plants in service as of 2009, and count for 42% of the national installed photovoltaic powe r (1). Residential BIPV installations are not only characterized by there relatively small peak power but also by their sensi tivity to perturbed environmental conditions such a s partial shading. Partial shading of BIPV plants can be caused by several fac tors such as nearby trees, chimneys or buildings, c onsequently causing PV module mismatch losses. Such losses are mainly due to the dispersion in electrical characteristics of interconnected modules which leads to significant decrease in plan t energy production. The introduction of additional power converters in the plant layout intends to reduce the influence of one module on the entire installation, thus reduci ng module mismatch. In this work, five grid-connected PV installation topo logies: centralized inverter, string inverter, modu le inverter, parallel connected choppers with centralized inverter, serie s connected choppers with centralized inverter are presented and compared. Furthermore, average modelling of Boost DC-DC converters and grid-connected inverters with t heir associated control strategies are proposed. Performance analys is of these topologies is carried out through norma l operation and two partially shaded scenarios representing chimney and nearby building induced shade. Simulations using t he proposed average models have been implemented in Matlab/Simulink© environment for each topology using a 3 kW p rooftop-type plant. Simulation results show that a considerable amount of additional solar generated energy can be grid-fe d using alternative plant layouts.


The main objective of the study is to critically examine the macroeconomic determinants of economic growth of World Bank newly categorized lower middle income countries. In specific, the study try to find out the relationship between the key macroeconomic indicators namely foreign direct investment, current account balance, exports of goods and services, imports of goods and services, government total investment, inflation, total population, unemployment rate, life expectancy at birth, total remittances received and economic growth among lower middle income countries. To achieve the objective, the study employed panel data approach and run multiple regression analysis. The study use different type of regression model to describe the relationship and deployed Hausman Specification Test and Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test for random effects to find best model for estimation. After a rigorous analysis, the study select random effect model is the best model for our estimation. Empirical results show that current account balance, total investment, total population, life expectancy at birth and remittance received is proved to be significant in confidence level of five percent. It also deduced from study that export performance, import performance and inflation are found insignificant while FDI, interest rate and unemployment rate are found highly insignificant. Empirical results also suggest that export performance, total investment, inflation, total population, unemployment rate and remittance have positive coefficient on economic growth of lower middle income country.


The title of this paper is challenging, because the question of how in vitro methods and results contribute to human health risk assessment is rarely considered. The process of risk assessment usually begins with hazard assessment, which provides a description of the inherent toxicological properties of the chemical. The next step is to assess the relevance of this to humans, i.e. the human hazard assessment. Finally, information on exposure is examined, and risk can then be assessed. In vitro methods have a limited, but important, role to play in risk assessment. The results can be used for classification and labelling; these are methods of controlling exposure, analogous to risk assessment, but without considering exposure. The Ames Salmonella test is the only in vitro method which is incorporated into regulations and used widely. Data from this test can, at best, lead to classification of a chemical with regard to genotoxicity, but cannot be used for classification and labelling on their own. Several in vitro test systems which assess the topical irritancy and corrosivity of chemicals have been reasonably well validated, and the results from these tests can be used for classification. The future development of in vitro methods is likely to be slow, as it depends on the development of new concepts and ideas. The in vivo methods which currently have reasonably developed in vitro alternatives will be the easiest to replace. The remaining in vivo methods, which provide toxicological information from repeated chronic dosing, with varied endpoints and by mechanisms which are not understood, will be more difficult to replace.


The life course approach and, more specifically, the transition to adulthoodhave become important fields in social science. The creation of the family unit,finishing one's education, entering the labour market, accessing social securityand progressing on the property ladder have all been the focus of systematicinquiries based on different theoretical paradigms that examine the backgrounds,trajectories and destinations of these transitions. This paper reviews debates inthe contemporary field of transition research and argues that public policy outputsdo not necessarily form coherent normative patterns. Nevertheless, theymay provide an important reference framework for norms and expectations.This research has demonstrated systematic class, ethnic and gender differencesin biographical pathways, despite the trend towards more deliberate biographyconstruction. It is suggested here that the timing and sequence of the variousstages of transition to adulthood depends on the compatibility existing betweendifferent life domains, i. e. the various societal and individual, structural andcultural levels. Such compatibility can be achieved by means of public policiesthat facilitate a "normal" transition through normative prescriptions and resourcere-distribution.


The cardiovascular system and the thermoregulatory system are strongly coupled, hence changes in the thermal environment can affect the human thermoregulatory system. This study is aimed to find out the effects of active and passive warm –up to the Heart rate. Knowing about the effect of active and passive warm-up will gives the knowledge of need for caution when active warm-up or passive warm-up is included in treatment program of patients with cardiovascular problems. The aim is to find the efficacy of heart rate and oral temperature to active and passive warm – up in healthy female subjects. An observational study design was set up in Saveetha College of Physiotherapy. 40femaleSubjects were asked to ride an unloaded lower extremity bicycle ergometer set at a speed of 60meters/second for 15 minutes. Pre-& Post warm- up heart rate was recorded. Passive warm- up was done using infrared light to the lumbar area for 15 minutes. Post warm-up readings were also recorded. The interval between the two warm-ups were kept at a one-week interval. The standard mean for heart rate in active warm-up is 4.4595 when compared to the passive warm-up mean which is 2.083. The standard error for active warm-up is 0.2499 which is lower when compared to standard error of passive warm-up which is 0.4389. This shows that active warm-up causes a greater rise in heart rate. By using independent sample t- test, it shows a p value of 0.05 level of significance. The standard means of oral temperature arm-up is 0.2 499 when compared to the standard error of passive warm-up which is 0.4389. There is a p value of 0.05 level of significance which indicates that both groups cause only a slight rise in body temperature.


The method comprises coating a first metallic material such as spheroidal cast iron (GJS or GGG) with a second metallic material such as maraging steel or hot or cold-work steel, which is hard and/or wear-resistant than the first material, or applying the second material on the first material by a friction build up welding method without a buffer layer. A rotary element (4) is laterally moved from the second material axially to the first material. An independent claim is included for a metallic component such as tool.


Photocopy of a letter from Jim Surratt, Superintendent, Plano ISD to Bill McCarter and Jack Davis, co-directors of North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts. In regards to Plano's commitment to North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts and that Site Coordinator Lynda Alford will contribute 40% of her time during the 1992 calendar year to activities related to the staff development of DBAE. In addition, six art specialists will devote a substantial amount of time to the program.


The provocation of the title of this essay is based on the common, everyday conflation and confusion of ethics and politics. In avoiding the conflation of ethics and politics, this essay develops an appropriate set of tools and concepts by which to analyze ethics in archaeology. The tools used to discuss these aspects of ethics are generally missing from current discussions in archaeology and anthropology generally. Different archaeological codes of ethics are analyzed in terms of their moral logics, ethical reasoning, focal points, and principles or criteria of value (axiologies). The goal is to draw out the tension between three sets of opposing elements, that is, between scientific and social criteria of value, a deontic (duty-based) and consequentialist reasoning, and between normative morality and situationalist ethics. The essay contributes a framework for discussing ethics and analyses of ethics that may provoke new directions for discussion. [


The present invention relates to an autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) board splicing method. The splicing method comprises a first step of forming crosswise holes in side edges of each ALC board, or reserving crosswise holes in the production of the ALC boards; a second step of brushing an adhesion agent on the crosswise holes of the ALC boards; a third step of placing the ALC boards treated from the second step in place on a die pedestal, and brushing a binder (4) on side edges of the ALC boards before the ALC boards are arranged in place; a fourth step of penetrating perforated rebars (5) through the crosswise holes, and anchoring the perforated rebars at side edges of a spliced large board, the rebars being steel rods whose diameter is 8-12 mm; a fifth step of effectively sealing and plugging end parts of the crosswise holes in the side edges of the large board by using plugging members; a sixth step of manually forming grouting holes which are perpendicular to the board face, each cut-through crosswise hole being provided with two grouting holes; a seventh step of carrying out pressure grouting by using a grouting pump; and an eighth step of maintaining the grouted large board for 7-14 days.


Combining all the background materials together, I investigated Bibimbap as a significant Korean heritage, As such result I could find a possibility to recommend it further to its inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity at UNESCO.


This paper examines how Hispanic characters are portrayed in young adult realistic fiction books with at least one Hispanic main character. All 15 books were published in the United States between 2000 and 2010 and were subject to latent content analysis. This study concludes that many authors still rely on stereotypes, although some stereotypes are positive and defy traditional role and characteristics. Accurate proportion of Hispanics in fiction compared to reality is close but still lacking, and the diversity of the Hispanic community is seen in few books. Most of the plot lines and themes found in these books were similar to plot lines and themes found in other young adult novels.


Through the survey on 1096 teachers and interviews with 41 teachers from 18 schools in Ganzhou,it is found that: The work stress of the primary and middle schools′ teachers lies in the middle level;It mainly comes from society、students、and educational reform;Nearly 40 percent of the teachers have the obvious feeling of the job burnouts.They mainly show in emotional exhaustion and lacking the sense of accomplishment.Demographic and occupational status′s variables have influence on work stress and job burnouts;The difference between work stress and job burnouts on the highest awards′ level reflects the "plateau" of teachers′ stage of development;the professional identity and occupational ability acted jointly on the teachers′ work stress and job burnouts.


With the influence of the social economic and cultural development at the time,calligraphers in late Ming including Xu Wei,Zhang Ruitu,Huang Daozhou,and Ni Yuanlu expressed strong personalities in their works,which formed a revolutionary trend in China's calligraphic history.This new trend changed the then tradition that took the "two Wangs" as models and initiated the discipline of stele inscriptions in the Qing Dynasty.It also asserted influence to Modern calligraphies.These changes in calligraphy reflected the cultural transition of the Chinese society transforming from the ancient to the modern,and have practical meanings of inspiration to the development of contemporary calligraphies.


After the end of the Cold War, the successful operations in Namibia led to exaggerated expectations that the United Nations might in future be able to act more on its own in maintaining international peace and security. A remarkable document of this optimistic tatmosphere of departuret is the report to the Security Council by UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali in 1992, subsequently published as tAgenda for Peacet Indeed, in his 1995 tSupplementt to the Agenda Boutros Boutros-Ghali listed tenforcementt and sanctions as categories of their own, thus abandoning his own chronological model of 1992. According to this model, the international community could intervene in a conflict, - before a crisis escalates into (armed) conflict - to terminate the fighting during a conflict (peace-making), - to secure a truce or an armistice after the conflict (peacekeeping), and - to consolidate an armistice into a lasting peace (post-conflict peace-building). Keywords: agenda for peace; Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali; United Nations Peacekeeping


BRONCHOSPIROMETRY being entirely based and built upon the technical process which makes possible the exchange of respired air to and from a certain portion of the lungs, I will first give a brief survey of the procedure, which I have called bronchial catheterization. By " bronchial catheterization" I mean a method analogous to ureteric catheterization. It implies the insertion of gaseous substances into, or its withdrawal from, any particular lung area by means of a flexible or rigid tubular instrument equipped with an air-tight device for closure between the wall of the bronchus and the distal end of the instrument, gaseous exchange thereby being obliged to pass through the lumen. Doubtless previously many have occupied themselves with the same problem. Physiologists, especially during the last decennium, have sought, by means of catheters constructed with similar aims, to isolate certain lung-areas and extract samples of air for analysis. A number of attempts in the same direction have also been made for more practical purposes, but they have not led to any clinical application, mainly because of failure to obtain a practical method of closure between the wall of the bronchus and the instrument. To some extent also the failure was due to difficulty arising from the need to use a tube of the necessary width, particularly when this tube had to be straight and rigid. The instrument must be tubular in form, and of such capacity as to allow the passage of sufficient respiratory air, but at the same time not too thick, to be passed down with ease to the desired depth within the bronchi. At the distal end there should be a device-the so-called obturator-a contrivance which, after the instrument has been conveyed into position, produces an air-tight closure between the instrument and the bronchial walls, compelling all air to pass through the tube to and from the lung-area below. It has been exceedingly difficult to make this obturator reliable and effective. Attempts have been made earlier to tie or glue rubber caps to the tube, but these were liable to burst, and they have always been clumsy, unreliable and subject to leakage. The distal part of the instrument, which forms the obturator, is from 2 to 3 cm. long, is absolutely even in thickness, and cylindrical in shape. Over this a rubber cap is fastened in a special manner. An exceedingly fine tube runs through the instrument from the proximal to the distal end and opens out, within the obturator in the rubber cap, thus permitting inflation of the cap from the proximal end. The rubber tubing used is specially prepared. Its walls are thin, seamless and highly


Transport hubs are important elements of an integrated transportation system.How to locate transport hubs rationally has great significance to construct an efficient integrated transportation system.The layout optimization of transport hubs has been a focus field of transportation engineering and transportation geography.However,the current research on transport hubs'layout has limits to one single transport mode and has not considered the integration of all transport modes.As a result,the transport hubs'construction has the problem of fragmentation,duplication and even contradictory.Based on regional comprehensive transport hubs,this paper designs a series of indices,composed of 20 indicators.All these 20 indicators belong to three categories:transport network,passenger and freight traffic,and socio-economic development.The basic unit is 337 prefecture-level cities,and the maximum coverage model is adopted(one of the spatial layout optimization models).Under the condition of limited space,the model tries to find a way to locate infrastructure with the aim of making people as many as possible enjoy infrastructure service in a certain distance.First,this paper evaluates the potential of the 337 prefecture level cities for being comprehensive transport hubs with the maximum coverage model,and then identifies the optimal number of comprehensive transport hubs and their spatial distribution with the service radius of 80 km,120 km,160 km and 200 km separately.Second,the paper summarizes the general rules between the number of transport hubs and the objective values,and finally chooses 42 transport hubs for China.Third, this paper divides the hierarchy of the 42 transport hubs and simulates their spatial effect of area, population,and GDP,and the result shows better than that of the comprehensive transport hubs by national planning.


In order to develop an applicator for microwave hyperthermia, it is necessary to use phantom models to simulate human tissues. In this paper, dry state phantom models which are very stable and easy to handle are studied. The phantom models are made of solid materials and soft materials, which are electrically simulated human muscle and fat. The models are very useful to simulate distribution of specific absorption rate (SAR) inside human tissue model.


The aims of the curriculum reform of vocational education is improving the student's vocational skills,and teaching methods are the effective means of realizing it.Project teaching is characterized by it's practicability,independence,integration and openness,which can mobilize the student's activeness so as to accelerate obtaining their vocational skills.


Dhileepan, Raghu and colleagues recently published their paper 'Worldwide phylogeography of the globally invasive plant: Jatropha gossypiifolia' in Proceedings of the 16th Australian Weeds Conference. They used chloroplast microsatellites to establish patterns of phylogeographic structure in the native and introduced range of Jatropha gossypiifolia, and to determine the origin(s) of introductions and the level of genetic diversity present in native and introduced populations. J. gossypiifolia exhibited limited phylogeographic structure in its native range which was best explained by contemporary movement associated with the ornamental plant trade. Multiple introductions from diverse source locations and no reduction in genetic diversity was found in the introduced range which includes Australia, Africa and Asia. These results have implications for our current biocontrol project.


the temperament is a concept used extensively in psychology and actual life,but in special academic research and actual life,its meaning has a very great difference. This text has analysed the meaning that the temperament is in two kinds of different environments,and the relation between two kinds of meanings,expound the fact how to treat the relationship of two kinds scientifically and rationally.


The present paper investigates the effect of temperature variation on compressive strength of Crushed Ceramic Tile Aggregate (CCTA) and Glass Fibres (GF) incorporated concrete. Compressive strength of concrete is studied with replacement of natural coarse aggregate by CCTA at 0, 25 and 50 % and GF (1 %). The hardened concrete specimens after curing in water for 28 days were thermally treated at 150 and 300 C for 2 hours . The he a te d s pe cime ns a re coole d in a ir a nd wa te r. The compre s s ive s tre ngth of s pe cime ns before and after subjecting to elevated temperature was compared with those of the control specimens. The results showed that the addition of CCTA and GF improves the performance of concrete when exposed to elevated temperatures. Strength attained was higher for air cooling than for water cooling.


A Semiconductor optical device comprises an active waveguide having a tapered portion, and a passive waveguide extending beyond the end of the active waveguide and optically coupled to the tapered portion of the active waveguide. The passive waveguide beyond the end of the active waveguide Supports an optical mode of larger Size than the optical mode Supported by the active waveguide. The tapered portion of the active waveguide is truncated and the Separation between the active waveguide and the passive waveguide is greater than in previously known devices in order to minimize or at least reduce the truncation loSS at the truncation.


Induced to use three kinds of machines to reset electric circuit currently, reset electric circuit to build up mathematics model for the differential calculus type,the integral calculus type, and compared them in the credibility in the usage, introduced appropriation to reset chip in the meantime.Put forward a design to reset the problem that the electric circuit should notice and raises anti-interference measure finally.


The paper analyzes the current state of Russian-Argentine relations. The author considers the main lines of cooperation and trends of recent years and assesses the impact of the international crisis that began in 2022 on bilateral relations. Special attention is paid to the joint efforts of the two countries in the fight against Covid-19.
In recent years Russian-Argentine ties faced certain challenges. The risks associated with the need for Buenos Aires to conclude an agreement with the IMF, as well as the negative effects of the pandemic, did not lead to the negative dynamics of bilateral relations. On the contrary, cooperation strengthened and incorporated new areas of interaction, including healthcare. However, after the start of the special military operation of the Russian Federation the logistical and financial difficulties caused by the sanctions of the West had a negative impact on the Russian-Argentine cooperation and led to the suspension of individual projects.


The article sets out the results of thorough exploratory descriptive research carried out between October 2015 and March 2018, examining what the European Project of Interreligious Learning (EPIL) is, and what it is meant to be. The main objective of the authors is to investigate and discuss whether EPIL Course IV can be considered as 'good practice in (inter)religious education'. To what extent have the EPIL goals, directed towards inclusive pluralism and social sustainability, been reached? On the social level most respondents say that they are satisfied with the new contacts they have made through EPIL. Most women state that their appreciation for people with different religions and life-views has increased. For example, through the stories of war victims in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Some proposals for improvement were mentioned. For example to put more focus on the differences, because those are usually what is discussed and noticed in daily life. And also that running into tensions and frustrations can have a positive effect; it can deepen the insight and the relationship, clear the air and give new insights and visions that otherwise would not have been discussed. Also some ideas as to transferring the project to other times and places are discussed.


determined by AC susceptibility is (9.2 ± 7.9) × 10 10 Hz. The extrapolated Mrs/Ms and Bcr/Bc at 0 K are 0.5 and 1.12, respectively, suggesting that the ferrimagnetic HFn cores are dominated by uniaxial anisotropy. The calculated effective magnetic anisotropy energy constant Keff =1 .2 ×1 0 5 J/m 3 , which is larger than previously reported values for bulk magnetite and/or maghemite or magnetoferritin and is attributed to the effect of surface anisotropy. These data provide useful insights into superparamagnetism as well as biomineralization of ultrafine ferrimagnetic particles.


Objective: To study the effects of glucosidorum tripterygll totorum(GTT) tablet on serum high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1(HMGB1) and interleukin 17(IL-17) in rats with collageninduced arthritis.Method: Forty SD male rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,methotrexate group(3 mg.kg-1),GTT tablet low dose group(5 mg.kg-1),and GTT tablet high dose(10 mg.kg-1) group.Collagen induced arthritis model was made by bovine type II collagen.The medicines were given to relevant groups 12 hours after the establishment of the model once a day for 4 weeks,then the changes of arthritis index(AI) were estimated,and the contents of HMGB1 and IL-17 were analyzed by ELISA.Result: The results showed that the AI of treated groups were significant different from CIA group.Compared with the normal control group rats,the contents of HMGB1 and IL-17 were increased significantly in CIA group rats(P 0.01 or P 0.05).Compared with the CIA group rats,the contents of HMGB1 and IL-17 were decreased significantly both in GTT tablet high dose group rats and methotrexate group rats(P 0.01 or P 0.05).Conclusion: GTT tablet can improve the joint swell in CIA rats,it may be associated with lower HMGB1,IL-17 expression correlated.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of multi-slice CT angiography (CTA) in diagnosis of intracranial artery stenosis and occlusion compared with DSA measure. Methods A total of 32 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular lesions were enrolled,male 23,female 9,aged 48 ~ 75 years,mean age 57 years. All patients were performed CTA and DSA (digital subtal angiography) . Two studies were performed within a 15 day period. Two radiologists reviewed the CTA and DSA images independently. The steonsis rates were calculated and graded, and the narrowest portion of stenosis lumen diameter was measured. Results The DSA data was defined as the reference standard. And 74 abnormal artery segments were found by CTA, the lesion numbers and location of the stenosis were coincided with DSA results. The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CTA in diagnosis the moderate stenosis were 94.3 %,98.8 % and 98.6 % respectively;severe stenosis were 73.7 %,99.7 % and 99.7 %;occlusion were 91.7 %,99.8 % and 100 %,respectively. The difference between CTA and DSA in evaluation stenosis rates and steonsis lumen diameter had no statistical significance. Conclusion The CTA is a reliable approach in evaluating the intracranial stenosis and occlusion. The specificity and accuracy of CTA results are similar to that of DSA in most cases.


Temperature is an important natural factor affecting soil physical and chemical characteristics and determines the eco-system conditions.The impacts of temperature include the action of water and thermal of soil to the eco-system,in which the action of freezing and thawing is one of the important temperature factors which can cause the changes of soil physical,chemical and biological characteristics.The performance aspects of freezing and thawing to the soil are in changing the soil aggregate stability,redistributing the water content and the movement of water and thermal of soil.Furthermore freezing and thawing affects microbial activity and mineralization of the organic matter and increases or decreases the biogeochemical cycling of soil element and compounds.The intensities of freezing and thawing are affected by the rates,temperature and alternate times of freezing and thawing,as well as by the soil characteristics including the water content,soil pH,organic matter content and soil texture conditions etc.The freezing and thawing of soil can increase the availability of soil organic matter through improving soil structure and up-grading microbial activity,which is beneficial to cultivation and plant growing but can cause the runoff of soil nutrient.


This paper incorporates the effects of two types of human error in a model for determining the optimal time between inspections for a safety system. The possibility that a bad safety system is undetected upon inspection (Type B human error), as well as the possibility that a good safety system is inadvertently left in a bad state after the inspection (Type A human error), are considered. We develop a Markov model for the steady-state availability of the safety system which is then used to determine the optimum time between inspections which either maximizes the availability or minimizes the combined inspection and unavailability costs. The safety system failure (hazard) rate need not be constant. The optimum time between inspections increases as the probability of a Type A error increases and a Type B error decreases. The optimum availability decreases and the optimum total cost increases as the error probabilities increase.


The usefulness of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as a tool for studying thermal transitions in systems of biological origin is illustrated, using examples drawn from DSC studies of the gelation of the carrageenan polysaccharides.


Since high luminous efficiency is the key issue in LED packaging, glass substrate gradually comes to people's view. To meet the requirement of low energy cost and product reliability, a new low-temperature bonding method based on Ni nanocones electroplated on glass substrate is proposed. Fabrication of Ni nanocones on substrates is based on the basic electrochemical and crystallographic theory. The surface morphology and roughness were observed by atomic force microscope (AFM). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the morphology of Ni nanocones, with that on different substrates compared. The results indicate that the morphology of cones is significantly affected by the roughness of substrates, while the size and density can be controlled by adjusting the electrodeposition parameters on glass substrate. Furthermore, the principle of the low-temperature bonding method is illustrated with the model which has potential to be used in LED packaging.


Abstract [Background]Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue primarily on the pelvic peritoneum and ovaries. There is accumulating evidence suggesting epigenetic aberrations play a role in the pathogenesis and/or the pathophysiology in endometriosis. A number of aberrant gene expressions have been demonstrated in endometriosis, and these aberrations may be related to epigenetic aberrations. Our Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis showed a GATA6 gene body highly hypomethylated in endometrial cells. From our observation that GATA6 was highly expressed in endometriotic cells, we hypothesized the presence of cis-acting element within the gene body.[Objective]We examined a potential function of hypomethylated GATA6 gene body as a cis-acting element in endometriotic cells.[Patients]The Institutional Review Boards approved this project. We obtained the informed consent from all patients. The chocolate cyst lining in ovaries of patients with endometriosis was the source of endometriotic tissue. As the control, the eutopic endometrial tissues were obtained from uteri of cycling premenopausal women who had uterine leiomyoma. These patients had received no hormonal treatment before tissues were removed. [Methods]Stromal cells were prepared from endometriotic and endometrial tissues. GATA6 mRNA expressions was examined using RT-PCR. Immunocytochemical analysis was performed using anti-GATA6 antibody. The potential function of hypomethylated gene body as a cis-acting element was evaluated by ChIP analysis using anti-H3K4me1 and anti-H3K27ac antibodies and eRNA expression analysis.[Results]We hypothesized the presence of CpG hypomethylation, which is responsible for increased gene expression in endometriotic cells. 1) Using endometrial cells as control, differentially methylated CpGs endometriotic cells were extracted. 2) We finally extracted a stretch of 14 CpGs within GATA6 gene body. 3) GATA6 mRNAexpression in endometriotic cells was 50-fold higher than that in endometrial cells. The expression depended on 1a promoter. 4) Wild type GATA6 expression was observed in endometriotic cells, but not in endometrial cells. 5) Immunocytochemistry showed positive staining of GATA6 in endometriotic cell nuclei. 6) ChIP analysis using anti-H3K4me1 and anti-H3K27ac antibodies predicted the presence of an active enhancer within the gene body sequence in endometriotic cells. 7) Supporting this observation, putative eRNA was transcribed from the region.[Conclusion]Our results suggest that the gene body sequence of GATA6 may function as an active enhancer under the control of DNA methylation in endometriotic cells. This is the first implication showing a link between an aberrant DNA methylation of cis element and gene expression in endometriosis.


IPP isomerase (Iso) and Limonene synthase (Limo) are important enzymes in terpenoids biosynthesis pathway. The wild type and each metabolically engineered (Iso and Limo) transgenic spearmint (Mentha spicata Linne) plants were compared for their growth patterns and the contents of essential oil in in vitro culture media. The profile of terpenoid metabolites was obtained from the essential oil of the metabolically engineered transgenic spearmint, which was extracted using a modified SDE method, by GC-MS analysis. The growth of wild spearmint was more profuse in B5 culture medium than in other media. Significant differences in leaf and root growth patterns were observed between metabolically engineered transgenic and wild type spearmint plants. The leaves of the transgenic spearmint plants were slightly elongated but were dramatically narrower than those of wild type spearmints. The content of essential oil of transgenic spearmint was different slightly depending on the target terpenoid genes. The content of essential oils in Limo transgenic plants was higher than that of Iso, except for transgenic plant in B5 medium. The transgenic spearmint produced more terpenoids than the wild type. Iso spearmint extracts showed eleven terpenoids and a phenylpropane, while Limo spearmint extracts contained nine terpenoids. However, extracts from the wild type showed the presence of only four terpenoids.


The Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA) is the national umbrella body for refugees, asylum seekers and the organisations and individuals who work with them, representing over 190 organisations and almost 900 individual members. RCOA promotes the adoption of humane, lawful and constructive policies by governments and communities in Australia and internationally towards refugees, asylum seekers and refugee and humanitarian entrants. RCOA consults regularly with its members, community leaders and people from refugee backgrounds and this submission is informed by their views.


Lighter yet stronger magnesium alloys have become very attractive for applications where materials undergo larger strains such as crash events in vehicles and planes, penetration of projectiles in personal body armour and vehicle armours. Excellent combination of light weight and good mechanical properties put magnesium alloys ahead of other structural materials in applications where high specific properties are required. It is well anticipated that magnesium alloys have enormous potential as a whole or a part of protective structures.


The paper firstly analyzed the status quo of Chinese industrial tourism development by studying "First National Industrial and Agricultural Tourism Demonstration Sites". On this basis, suggestions were put forward for future development. The paper thought that making clear the relationship between industry and tourism, fully utilizing enterprises' distinctive resources, applying the concept of experience tourism to develop distinctive products as well as fully displaying the charm of industrial tourism should be the focus in the future industrial tourism development.


of romanticism. In an essay on "Imitation and Originality in Cinquecento Tragedy,"1 1 have tried to demonstrate the unreliability of these adverse opinions, which rest not only on a very limited or even nonexistent knowledge of the literature they condemn, but are also untenable in the light of modern literary theory. The question now arises : What principles are to guide a different, nonromantic approach to the Italian tragedy of the Renaissance, an approach that avoids mere philological description, but aims at a truly historical interpretation? Several sporadic attempts have been made in this direction. Benedetto Croce undertook to distinguish the "poetic" from the "nonpoetic" in a select group of tragedies, and arrived at the conclusion that little genuine


High-resolution land surface temperature (LST) data are essential for fine-scale urban thermal environment studies. Urban LST downscaling studies mostly remain focused on only two-dimensional (2-D) data, and neglect the impact of three-dimensional (3-D) surface structure on LST. In addition, the choice of window size is also important for LST downscaling over heterogeneous surfaces. In this study, we downscaled Landsat-LST using localized and stepwise approaches in a random forest model (RF). In addition, both 2- and 3-D building morphologies were included. Our results show that: (1) The performances of a local moving window and stepwise downscaling are dependent on the extent of surface heterogeneity. For mixed surfaces, a localized window performed better than the global window, and a stepwise approach performed better than a single-step approach. However, for monotonous surfaces (e.g., urban impervious surfaces), the global window performed better than a localized window; (2) That multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) could provide a possibility for selection of the optimal moving window. 7 × 7 windows derived from MGWR by the minimum bandwidth of predictors, performed better than other windows (3 × 3, 5 × 5, and 11 × 11) in the Beijing area; (3) That the morphology of buildings has a non-negligible impact and scaling effect on urban LST. When building morphologies were included in downscaling, the performance of the RF model improved. Furthermore, the importance of the sky view factor, building height, and building density was greater at a higher resolution than at a lower resolution.


—A novel simple joint clock synchronization and localization algorithm based on Pairwise Broadcast Synchronization (PBS) protocol in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, anchor nodes (with unknown clock bias and known position) overhear the timing message exchanges of reference node (with known clock bias and known position) and unknown node (with unknown clock bias and unknown position) without sending extra messages. Comparing this proposed algorithm with those algorithms based on two-way message exchanges mechanism, we find that this new algorithm can reduce a lot of communication overhead and requires less reference nodes. The simulation results indicate that this algorithm can ensure high accuracy and its estimation performance meets the Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLB) simultaneously. Considering the tradeoff between the estimation performance and communication overhead, we can see that the proposed algorithm performs better than the available joint clock synchronization and localization algorithms.


One of the relatively new study topics in Vehicle Routing is the Cash Transportation Problem. This problem takes into consideration the security in planning vehicle routes. Few papers have focused on the cash transportation problem. Minimizing the travel cost and/or minimizing the transportation risk are the objective functions considered in these problems. This paper is the first overview of the cash transportation problem addressed in the literature. We classify these problems into two categories, mono-objective and multi-objective problems.


WiFi-based vehicular communication systems, such as DSRC in the US and C-ITS in Europe, suffer from large delays and high packet losses in scenarios with a dense distribution of nodes and high data load, which can result in system instability and degraded safety application performance. To ensure a stable system and fair share of resources among vehicles, a decentralized congestion control (DCC) function limits the data that is generated by a network node depending on the measured channel load. In a vehicular ad hoc network with multi-hop communication, DCC need to control the data packets that are locally generated by the node as well as forwarded data packets. This paper gives an overview of the cross-layer DCC framework for the European C-ITS, presents results of a simulation-based performance evaluation of DCC and analyzes the impact of DCC on forwarding algorithms of the ad hoc networking protocol.


Traditionally, legal services have been delivered in offices during face-to-face interactions between the lawyer and his client. At the present time, digital technologies have shifted that scheme as it becomes possible to communicate by telephone, with the use of the internet or in a way that involves both. The author rethinks the nature of legal services and provides a framework for understanding further developments. Special attention is focused on assumption that virtual law practice is more than just a sale of legal documents or single online task management because it provides direct and effective communication between a lawyer and a client. The article shows the difference that new technology can make for ensuring easy access to legal aid and justice. The author states that the central role in legal practices modernization belongs to lawyers who should change the way they work and have to embrace innovations. The article introduces all means for delivering legal aid that clearly have the potential to fully transform the legal services market. Also, the author outlines some dangers that may become a serious threats to the new technologies perspectives.


The most common technology for outdoor positioning is GNSS. It is commonly used together with inertial sensors to compensate for poor reception and to help determine outlier measurements. In dense areas and indoors, GPS performance degrades or is not available at all. In indoor environments WiFi is one of the most popular radios; it is not surprising therefore that WiFi is often used for positioning. Specifically, time-based range measurements are emerging as the leading WiFi indoor positioning technology. Because this technique is quite new, its coverage might be limited in the near future. In this paper we present a highly accurate indoor positioning system which is based on a new WiFi technology (protocol) [1] and on MEMS inertial sensors. This system fuses together WiFi time-of-flight (ToF) range measurements, INS-based position velocity and attitude measurements, and pedometric information. It harnesses the advantages of each of these components while compensating for their individual disadvantages. WiFi ToF typically exhibits good performance but suffers from outliers, coverage and dependency of Access Points (AP) deployment geometry (DoP). The INS solution is highly accurate but diverges quickly with time. Pedometric information (PDR) suffers from overall poor performance, inability to determine direction of movement (heading) and exhausting per-user calibration. Our solution uses WiFi ToF measurements and pedometric information to restrict the INS solution. We describe the INS model, the fusion model, and show exciting results from a real world environment.


As the peers participating in Unstructured networks interconnect randomly, they rely on flooding query messages to discover objects of interest and thus introduce Remarkable network traffic. Empirical measurement studies indicate that the peers in P2P networks have similar preferences, and have Recently proposed unstructured P2P networks that organize participating peers by exploiting their similarity. The resultant networks may not perform searches efficiently and effectively because existing overlay topology construction algorithms often create Unstructured P2P networks without performance guarantees.A novel overlay formation algorithm for unstructured P2P networks, is unique in that it poses rigorous performance guarantees. Theoretical performance results conclude that in a constant probability, searching an object in this proposed network efficiently takes hops (where c is a small constant), and the search progressively and effectively exploits the similarity of peers. This overlay approach requires a minimal number of communication over the network and provides tunable parameters to maximize performance for various network topologies. It provides a powerful technique for the aggregates of various topologies and data clustering, but comes with limitations based upon a given topologies structure and connectivity. For topologies with very distinct clusters of peers, it becomes increasingly difficult to accurately obtain random samples due to the inability of random-walk process to quickly reach all clusters.


This research is motivated by the author's sensitivity in seeing the current phenomenon, namely the Covid-19 pandemic that affects almost all aspects of life. One aspect that gets quite a big influence is the aspect of worship. Worship activities and attitudes towards community religious issues must undergo new adaptations that must conform to the health protocols set by the government. Seeing this phenomenon, the author is interested in examining how the influence of worship motivation in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic on religious attitudes between communities. The purpose of this study was to find out how the influence of motivation to worship in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic on people's religious attitudes and to find out how much influence it had. This research was conducted from August to December 2020 in Cakung District. The method used is descriptive correlational analysis with data analysis using Product Moment. This type of research is field research using a quantitative approach. For data collection using a questionnaire on a questionnaire instrument. Based on the data that the authors obtained, the authors obtained very good results. From the results of calculations through the r test formula with ro results of 0.938, then these results are greater than rt with a significant level of 5%, namely 0.279 and 1%, namely 0.361. It can be concluded that the influence of worship motivation on the attitude of community diversity is very high, which is 94%.


The Mn-excess Ni50Mn25+xGa25-x alloys with 1 < x < 7 were developed to investigate structural transitions and magnetic properties. The martensitic transformation temperature (TM) for the structural transformation from tetragonal to cubic was clearly observed from magnetization, electrical resistivity and X-ray diffraction studies as a function of temperature for temperatures below 400 K. The TM value increased roughly from 260 K to 355 K with increasing Mn concentration and TM showed an abrupt change at the composition x = 5. For the structural transition, the Curie temperature (TC) decreased slightly from 380 K and was insensitive to variations on the Mn/Ga ratio. During the heating and the cooling processes, the samples showed a temperature hysteresis at and below TM. A magnetic-field-induced strain (MFIS) of about 0.2 % at an applied magnetic field of 4.2 kOe was derived by using the martensitic transition temperature for polycrystalline samples. Author


Through comparison for the community development which the United Nations Promotes and the community construction which the Civil Administration Department practices, this paper analyzes the shortage on the principles and methods in current Chinese community construction activities,emphasizing the community democracy development and the importance of the cooperative relation between community members and government in the process of the community construction, then putting forward the reform of organization construction of the current community and basic conceive to promote the further community development with profession social work.


The present invention is an electrode organic / inorganic composite porous coating layer comprising a porous inorganic particles and a binder polymer formed on the electrode surface, the porous inorganic particles, and a solvent into a solvent of the electrolyte solution electrode and a manufacturing method thereof, characterized in that the lithium-ion (Li The organic / inorganic composite porous coating layer formed on the electrode according to the present invention, by a large number of the moving path of the lithium ions by the pore structure present in the porous inorganic particles themselves is added, conventional polymer based separation when used in place of the film, excellent cell performance can be exhibited to increase the effect of the energy density per unit weight due to the effect of weight reduction is obtained.


We offer a methodology for image processing in infocommunication systems. For such processing, we consider the transformation of two-dimensional images into one-dimensional arrays. We also consider a two-dimensional image in the form of a set of different one-dimensional arrays and in the form of a one-dimensional continuous array. To detect information, we use the ideology of wavelets. To do this, we use the basic properties of the detailing wavelet-coefficients. We are expanding the basic properties for detailing wavelet-coefficients. We introduce new relationships to discover the information area. This allows us to isolate the contours of the image and compare the images with each other. To test the proposed approach, we used various real images.


Because the dielectric constant (K), the leakage current density (Jg), and the interfacial state density (Dit) are critical to high-K gate dielectrics, the layer-by-layer, in situ atomic layer bombardment (ALB) is proposed and explored to enhance these electrical properties in this study. The in situ helium/argon plasma bombardment was performed layer-by-layer in each cycle of atomic layer deposition (ALD) for preparing high-K gate dielectrics. As compared with the untreated high-K layer, the ALB treatment contributes to a significant reduction in Jg by ∼3 orders of magnitude, together with an ∼11% increase of K value and a decrease of Dit, of high-K gate dielectrics. The suppressed Jg and the enhanced K value are ascribed to an increase of film density and a decrease of oxygen vacancies in the ZrO2 layer by the ALB treatment. The atomic annealing effect due to the ALB technique contributes to the decrease of Dit. The result demonstrates that the ALD together with the ALB technique is highly effective to ...


Teaching is obviously not a simple or mechanical activity; in fact, Naring (1990) suggests that teaching is a complex process requiring skills and strategies such as: * preparing lesson and unit plans * motivating students to learn * creating a climate for teaching * using textbooks and curriculum guides effectively * using a variety of teaching skills * using media and technology * maintaining classroom discipline * diagnosing student difficulties and adapting instruction to meet individual needs Pre-service and in-service teacher education programs must certainly include preparation in these important areas, but should also include the development of confidence in ones ability to execute these teaching activities effectively. This latter concept has come to be known as teacher efficacy. Importance of Teacher Efficacy In terms of including the development of teacher efficacy in teacher education and in-service programs, "it is important to instill a sense of efficacy in those who are being prepared to ensure that they have the confidence to attempt to apply their knowledge when the appropriate time comes" (Gorrell and Capron, 1990, p. 15). Further, the extent to which teachers believe they can affect student learning may influence teacher/student interactions and teachers' success in facilitating gains in student achievement (Dembo and Gibson, 1985). The importance of teacher efficacy is corroborated by Morin and Welsh (1991) who state that "an educator with high teaching efficacy will engage in activities that promote the development of competencies, whereas teachers with low efficacy may avoid engaging in those activities" (pp. 3-4). It seems reasonable to conclude that the higher a teacher's sense of efficacy, the more successful that teacher will be in facilitating desirable student outcomes. The relationship between teacher efficacy and teacher effectiveness was explored by Gibson and Dembo (1984). They observed that teachers' beliefs in their own abilities to teach students may contribute to individual teacher differences in effectiveness. "One would predict that teachers who believe student learning can be influenced by effective teaching, and who also have confidence in their own teaching abilities, should persist longer, provide a greater academic focus in the classroom, and exhibit different types of feedback than teachers who have lower expectations concerning their ability to influence student learning" (p. 570). Few studies have been conducted which compare pre-service with in-service teachers on the variable of teacher efficacy. One such study was conducted by Pigge and Marso (1993) who compared a group of pre-service teachers projected to become outstanding teachers and a group of in-service teachers recognized to be outstanding who were at early, mid, and late stages of their careers. In this particular study, no significant differences on he variables of personal teaching efficacy and teacher efficacy were found. It is interesting to examine the self-rating strategies employed in most teacher efficacy studies especially when individuals' self-ratings can be compared with ratings provided by supervisors of those individuals. In a study by Walker (1992) student teachers tended to rate themselves highly while cooperating teachers were more realistic in their appraisals. "One of the obvious conclusions about this rating would be that student teachers are idealistic about their expectations of their performance in the classroom. It would be interesting to ask those who have full-time jobs...how the items on this survey have been fulfilled in the reality of the classroom world" (Walker, 1992, p. 29). The conclusion seems justified that more direct comparisons of the teacher efficacy of pre-service teachers and in-service teachers are needed. Would the exuberance, enthusiasm and perhaps even the naivete of pre-service teachers produce higher teacher efficacy scores than obtained by in-service teachers, or would the experience and maturity of in-service teachers produce the opposite result? …


In this study, alpha power Maxwell (APM) distribution is obtained by applying alpha power transformation, a reparametrized version of the Exp-G family of distributions, to the Maxwell distribution. Some tractable properties of the APM distribution are provided as well. Parameters of the APM distribution are estimated by using the maximum likelihood method. The APM distribution is used to model a real data set and its modeling capability is compared with different distributions, which can be considered its strong alternatives.


A complete system of dynamical equations for the invariants of the velocity gradient, the strain rate, and the rate-of-rotation tensors is deduced for an incompressible flow. The equations for the velocity gradient invariants R and Q were first deduced by Cantwell [Phys. Fluids A 4, 782 (1992)] in terms of Hij, the tensor containing the anisotropic part of the pressure Hessian and the viscous diffusion term in the velocity gradient equation. These equations are extended here for the strain rate tensor invariants, RS and QS, and for the rate-of-rotation tensor invariant, QW, using HijS and HijW, the symmetric and the skew-symmetric parts of Hij, respectively. In order to obtain a complete system, an equation for the square of the vortex stretching vector, Vi≡Sijωj, is required. The resulting dynamical system of invariants is closed using a simple model for the velocity gradient evolution: an isotropic approximation for the pressure term and a linear model for the viscous diffusion term. The local topology ...


This paper is focused on single point incremental forming (SPIF) of a tailored welded blanks (TWBs) that produced by laser welding process. The SPIF process is a new dieless forming technology, which is a fast and economic solution to prototyping a metal sheet product. In the past, the SPIF researches carried out with the homogeneous metal sheet blank, but now a day, the demand of TWBs is still increased especially for an automotive industry. The aim of this research is to study the formability on the weld line of laser welding TWBs (SUS 304 and St 37) by the SPIF process.


It was the purpose of this study to: 1. Verify a means for expressing the effect of temperature and rate of deformation upon the unconfined compressive strength of a sheet-asphalt mixture, and 2. Determine the relationships existing between viscosity of the binder and unconfined compressive strength of a mixture at various temperatures and rates of shear. The investigation being reported here had an advantage over some of these earlier studies because of the recent introduction of the sliding plate microviscometer. This instrument permits one to obtain viscosity data not only at temperatures existing in the field but also at varying shear rates. The relationship between unconfined compressive strength of the mixture and viscosity of the binder can then be investigated for comparable rates of shear.


Identical problems may give rise to different decisions, due to subjective decision framing in which the decision-making process depends on how the situation is described. This is called the framing effect. We applied the contingent focus model (Takemura, 1994a) to explain the framing effect. The model hypothesizes that risk attitude depends on the extent to which a subject focuses on possible outcomes and probabilities (the focusing hypothesis), and that focusing on possible outcomes and probabilities is, in turn, contingent on contextual factors including positive/negative frame condition (the contingent focus hypothesis). These hypotheses were tested by the eye movement data obtained from 33 participants using an eye gaze recorder. The data indicated that participants whose ratio of total time gazing at words representing possible outcomes to the total time gazing at words representing possible outcomes and probabilities was higher preferred a risk-taking option. This ratio was higher under negative frame conditions than under positive frame conditions.  Corresponding author: Satoshi Fujii, Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 1-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan Tel: +81-3-5734-2590; Fax: +81-3-5734-2590; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Based on investigations, there exist tight correlations between neurodegenerative diseases' incidence and progression and aberrant protein aggregreferates in nervous tissue. However, the pathology of these diseases is not well known, leading to an inability to find an appropriate therapeutic approach to delay occurrence or slow many neurodegenerative diseases' development. The accessibility of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in mimicking the phenotypes of various late‐onset neurodegenerative diseases presents a novel strategy for in vitro disease modeling. The iPSCs provide a valuable and well‐identified resource to clarify neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, as well as prepare a promising human stem cell platform for drug screening. Undoubtedly, neurodegenerative disease modeling using iPSCs has established innovative opportunities for both mechanistic types of research and recognition of novel disease treatments. Most important, the iPSCs have been considered as a novel autologous cell origin for cell‐based therapy of neurodegenerative diseases following differentiation to varied types of neural lineage cells (e.g. GABAergic neurons, dopamine neurons, cortical neurons, and motor neurons). In this review, we summarize iPSC‐based disease modeling in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Moreover, we discuss the efficacy of cell‐replacement therapies for neurodegenerative disease.


The value of [99mTc(V)]DMS and [131I]MIBG in imaging medullary carcinoma of the thyroid was investigated in five patients. Results with [99mTc(V)]DMS were negative in all five patients as well as with [131I]MIBG in four patients; however, there was significant tumor uptake in one patient with [131I]MIBG.


Abstract This article uses an analysis of discussions of the November 1970 Portuguese attack on Guinea as a window into issues that continue to be raised concerning the country's first post-independence regime (1958–1984). We analyze ongoing debates among Guineans regarding the legacy of the former president, Sékou Touré, and whether or not there is a need for truth-telling and/or justice for abuses committed under his rule. One strand of this discussion focuses on legitimate political tactics and another on the politics of ethnicity in contemporary Guinea. The frequent assertion by Guinean interlocutors that "history is stubborn" points to both the perceived power of truth-telling and the ethno-political stakes with which these debates have become imbued. Debates among Guineans often focus on the uses and abuses of "truth and reconciliation" testimony, which for some Guineans is essential to breaking past cycles of violent state repression and for others is a kind of Pandora's box that could fuel not reconciliation but retribution. We show that Guineans are also engaged in a third order of analysis, of the status of "imported" notions of justice, agency, and culpability in an African setting.


We consider a multi-carrier joint processing (JP) coordinated multi-point (CoMP) cellular system wherein the beamformers are designed by a centralized controller (CC). Those are subsequently fed back to the respective base stations (BSs) via finite capacity backhaul link. Hence, we design transmit beamformers at the CC that associate users to BSs depending on their backhaul capacity and users channel state to address this problem. Upon identifying the active links, user multiplexing and scheduling over spatial and frequency dimensions are performed in conjunction with the beamformer design for all BSs subject to the objective of minimizing the number of backlogged packets at the CC. Since the beamformers are notified to the respective BSs along with the data, the backhaul utilization must include the overhead incurred by the quantized beamformers, which has higher precision as it is used by all data symbols transmitted over a coherence block. In this paper, we assume fixed quantization levels for each complex entry in the beamformers. Therefore, we select a subset of entries for each beamformer to reduce the overhead incurred by the active antennas, which when removed has the minimal impact on the user rate. With the above mentioned constraints and requirements, the beamformer design becomes a nonconvex combinatorial problem. Therefore, we provide a solution for the proposed formulation by employing successive convex approximation technique to handle the nonconvexity and the combinatorial search involving binary variables are replaced by a linear bounds along with a sparsity inducing term in the objective. The proposed method is useful only when the backhaul usage due to the beamformers is significantly larger when compared to the overhead incurred by the active users data. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the performance.


hen Serbs inhabited Balkan region they established provinces called "Sclavinia" there and received Christianity from the Byzantine Christian Orthodox Church. Stephan Nemanja was a first ruler who succeeded to establish an independent Serbian state in the middle of 12th century. Then Kosovo and Metohija became the part of the Serbian state and soon following that it became Serbian central state and church domain. Ever since the establishment of the Serbian state in the Balkans the Serbs have struggled for their existence and survival. An analysis of historical documents regarding the expulsion of the Serbs from Kosovo and Metohija throughout last three centuries (1690-2006) leads to the conclusion that there have been 1,150,000 Serbs expelled by force from Old Serbia (it is the former name of today's Kosovo and Metohija), that about 200,000 of them were murdered and that 150,000 – 200,000 of them were "arbanized" or converted into Islamic faith. In the Middle Ages there was not a separate name for this province in existence other than its general name Serbia. Throughout 16th and 17th centuries travel writers, and among them some Arbanasian travel writers, too, mentioned the territory of Kosovo and Metohia under the name of Serbia. Although the fact is that at the beginning of 21st century Shqiptars form a majority of population of Kosovo and Metohija, the population data rate strenght of some national community is not determined by the number of its population in one part of some state, but by its number of population in the whole state, and so on the basis of this criterium the Albanians are a national minority in Serbia. So far nowhere in the world has happened that a national minority gained right to form their own state. One national community can not determine for itself whether it is a nation or a national minority.


The application of industrial control computers in the temperature control systems of sterilizers and the principle of the control are introduced in the paper.


Objective To study the role of medial collateral ligament(MCL) in maintaining the stability of the knee joint by constructing the three-dimensional(3D) finite element model of the knee joint.Methods CT scans were performed after the MCL was marked by steel wires and the end point was marked by the dill hole.Then the 3D finite element model of the knee joint including ligaments was constructed with Mimics,Geomagic and Ansys software to simulate the anterior-posterior translation,valgus and internal-external rotation of the knee joint at different flexion angles.Results With the knee at 0,30,60,90 and 120 degree of flexion,the initial stresses of MCL were 4.84,3.55,2.17,1.26 and 0 MPa,respectively.When the knee joint was subjected to anterior translation loading,the stresses were 7.22,5.78,4.07,2.84 and 1.4 MPa,respectively.When the knee joint was subjected to posterior translation loading,the stresses were 8.14,6.45,4.19,2.92 and 1.6 MPa,respectively.When the knee joint was subjected to internal rotation loading,the stresses were 6.81,5.23,3.29,2.25 and 0.97 MPa,respectively.When the knee joint was subjected to external rotation loading,the stresses were 6.28,5.00,3.34,2.21 and 0.82 MPa,respectively.When the knee joint was subjected to valgus loading,the stresses were 11.00,9.55,7.25,5.94 and 3.11MPa,respectively.Conclusions The biomechanical function of MCL can be effectively analyzed by establishing the 3D finite element model of the knee joint to simulate the anterior-posterior translation,valgus and internal-external rotation of the knee joint.


With the effect of globalization, businesses need to survive by becoming resistant to competition. Traditional costing methods have been insufficient in the face of needs of businesses to increase their profitability. The purpose of the constraints theory that emerged for these reasons, is to identify and eliminate the constraints that will prevent businesses from operating efficiently. In this context, the theory of constraints is discussed and the basic principles of this theory are emphasized in the study. In this study, it is aimed to determine the optimum production amount by using the constraints theory. Thus, the current profitability of the business is observed after the constraints theory is applied. In practice, the production process of a wine producing enterprise has been examined and analyzed with the basic principles of constraints theory. As a result of the study, it was determined that the optimum product mix of the enterprise is 3000 bottles of white and 836 bottles of red wine according to the constraints theory. While the company made a profit of 93.736 TL with this production method, it was determined that the profitability of the enterprise increased according to the traditional approach.


While neutrino flavor mixing has been established by atmospheric neutrino experiments and solar/reactor neutrino experiments, there are still remaining mixing parameters and CP phase to be explored. In this article, sensitivities for measuring these parameters by future atmospheric neutrino experiments are discussed assuming the same set of systematic uncertainties and the same detector performance of Super-Kamiokande. It was found that there is possibility to discriminate the octants of θ23. Moreover, if θ13 is close to current reactor limit, there is a good opportunity to confirm nonzero θ13 and even measure CP phase in lepton sector.