To the Editor:— I would like to refer to a letter in the Correspondence column ofThe Journalof Jan. 29, page 468, written by Dr. Henry Rathle in reply to the one entitled "Social Security for Physicians" by Mrs. Florence Chieffo, R.N., inThe Journal, Sept. 11, 1954, page 194. I wish to state that I am in hearty agreement with Mrs. Chieffo's statements and feel it would be a grave injustice to shackle physicians with compulsory social security taxation, from which the majority would never get any benefit whatsoever. I believe that the whole structure of social security compulsion is undemocratic and un-American and is in line with other socialistic tendencies of the times, which should be regretted and repulsed by all right thinking men. Compulsory social security, as above stated, is strictly against the principles of democratic government, but voluntary social security for those who desire it


Behavior perineal wound care in postpartum mothers is very important. This is related to prone to the incidence of infection, mothers need to always maintain the cleanliness of the whole body, clothes and cleanliness of their environment. The purpose of this study to determine correlations between age and parity with perineal wound care behaviors among respondents. This study was conducted in January 2016 in Sleman Hospital District of Yogyakarta. This type of research is correlational with cross sectional design. The population in this study postpartum mothers in Sleman hospitals Yogyakarta with a sample of 67 respondents. The sampling technique that is accidental sampling. This research instrument in the form of questionnaires. Multivariate data analysis with multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the majority of respondents to behave fairly in terms of perineal wound care in the postpartum mother (mean 18.37). Sebagain respondents aged 20-23 years (73.14%). The majority of respondents with parity 1-2. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there is a relationship between age and behavior of perineal wound care (p=0.000, r=0.549), there is a relationship between parity with perineal wound care (p=0.000, r=0.535). Multivariate analysis with multiple linear regression showed that between age and parity significantly associated with perineal wound care in the postpartum mother, but the t test results showed that the dominant age relates to the behavior of perineal wound care. Conclusion, there is relationship between age and parity with the behavior of perineal wound care postpartum mother at Sleman hospitals Yogyakarta. The age more dominant associated with behavior perineal wound care in postpartum mothers.


This paper discusses the public debate in the democratization process in Mexico. The object of study is to debate about the access and visibility of the social actors in the press from a historical perspective, twenty years after the electoral alternation occurred. A mixed methodology that merges elements of content and discourse analysis was applied to notes and opinions published by the Queretaro local press. This amalgamation enables the questioning of the weaknesses of the public sphere of Querétaro. Palabras clave: Esfera Pública; Democratización; Visibilidad; Discurso.


A conventional method for skin-dose measurements was re-evaluated in order to solve the difficulties of radiophysical inspection. A comparison was made between the data obtained from a phantom and the skin, and the calibration factor was computed. Comparison was also made between the air-dose and skin-dose for the computation of the calibration factor. The effects of the scattered radiation from the phantom on the chamber were compared with that of the air-dose and the increment of the relative dose was evaluated. An attempt was made to clarify the effect of the scattered radiation by determining the saturation thickness of the phantom. Formulas for the computation of skin-dose from the exposure dose on the phantom as well as that for the computation of skin-dose frona the exposure dose in air alone without using the phantom were derived. (P.C.H.)


The article is devoted to the role of Islam and the Muslim Ummah in the development of Russian federal statehood after the collapse of the USSR. The author shows that the most important task for Russia is to preserve its sovereignty and determine its own path for development as one of the independent poles of a multipolar world, with the right to its own integration project in Eurasia. To achieve this, the Russian government should recognize the revival of Islam as a factor in the stable development of the country and see in Islamic culture an important part of Russian society and state.


According to the principle of chosen plaintext attack,an image encryption algorithm based on five-dimension chaotic system was analyzed,and the results showed that this algorithm could not resist against chosen plaintext attack.Then we proposed an improved algorithm based on the five-dimension chaotic system,and made a security analysis of and experimentally tested it.The theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that the improved algorithm can not only overcome the above flaws,but has better cryptographic performances in respect of adjacent pixels,information entropy,and key space.


In this paper I examine some issues raised by conspicuous displays of religiosity in sports. In particular, important questions have been occasioned by the relatively recent pronouncements and behavior of a celebrated evangelical Christian athlete in American professional football. I explain reasons why some find such conspicuous piety worrisome. I raise concerns related to the nature of sport, consistency, divisiveness, trivialization, and religious diversity. After discussing objections to exclusivist forms of religion, especially theistic religions, I focus on how religious beliefs should be held. I present what I call the Basic Argument from Religious Disagreement, whose conclusion claims that religious beliefs ought to be held fallibly, rather than confidently or with certainty. Fallible religious belief has important and valuable consequences, overall and in the specific context of sports. Celebrated athletes have strong reasons to hold religious beliefs fallibly and, if they claim to be role models, they may have epistemic responsibilities as well as moral responsibilities.


Considerable transformation of functions of industrial zones took place during the last decades inMoscow. Nowadays the main trends of reorganization for the industrial zones ofMoscoware science, trade, car selling and service, business and housing construction. The author's methodology for assessment of ecological intensity of using of industrial zones based on potential environmental dangerous of their functions is presented. In case of it the functional zoning of each industrial zone is done. According to the methodology changes of impact level on the environment and trends of changing of the types of the industrial zones are revealed. The comparison of the results of the methodic and the changes of volumes of air pollution is done. Air pollution is the most changeable parameter of the anthropogenic influence. The most ecological directions of functional transformation of industrial zones and the territorial distribution of enterprises of different specialization are found. The key projects of the next renovation of industrial zones inMoscoware considered. The geographical specifics of the projects is studied. The vulnerable aspects of the projects are noticed


The first few years of children's lives provide a crucial window for their human development. Malnutrition, as a form of faltering development in the early years of life, has lasting consequences in terms of education, labor market, and adult health outcomes. Early childhood is also the period when inequality originates and the intergenerational transmission of poverty and inequality begins. It is therefore important to identify the causes of poor health in early childhood and to understand what drives inequality in early health and nutrition in order to provide children with equal chances for healthy growth. In Jordan, there are substantial socio-economic disparities in children's health and nutrition. This paper examines the determinants and mediators of health disparities in children's height and weight in Jordan, focusing on factors that might mediate socio-economic disparities, including parental health knowledge, food quantity and quality, health conditions, the health environment, and prenatal development. While this paper demonstrates that the health environment and food quantity and quality contribute to inequality in child health, these effects mediate only a small share of socio-economic disparities. A large share of inequality in children's health is determined prenatally, for instance through disparities in fetal growth.


A low-melting point copolyester was prepared by introducing the third(isophthalic acid) and the fourth(PEG) components into poly(trimethylene terephthalate) molecule during copolymerization.The molecular structure,crystallization behavior and thermal stability of the low-melting point copolyester were studied.The results showed that the introduction of the third component can reduce the melting point of polyester,while the crystallization ability of polyester was weakened.The copolyester lost its crystallization ability when the mole fraction of the third component was 30% of that of the total diacid.The introduction of the fourth component was an effective way to improve the crystallinity of polyester.The obtained copolyester had the melting point of 158 ℃ when the mole fraction of the third component was 35% and the mass fraction of fourth component accounted for 8% of those of the total diacid,respectively.The obtained low-melting point copolyester had good crystallization ability and thermal stability.


An 89-year-old man with a 12-year history of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter was referred for pacemaker implantation and atrioventricular node ablation 19 months after discontinuing amiodarone due to side effects. He had no prior cardiac surgery or catheter ablation. …


In this essay, I carry out a text analysis of three volumes of the Swedish monthly magazine Vi foraldrar: 1968, 1983 and 1994. I examine what kind of images of parenthood, particularly fatherhood, the magazine reflects, and the relationship between mum and dad in terms of gender equality. Does the idea of so-called double emancipation – that both men and women are to participate in working life as well as in childcare and housework – manifest itself in the magazine and are there changes over time? As a contextual framework for my analysis, I use a separate section of the essay to describe the societal and political context as regards family and equal opportunities policy in the periods during which each of the three analysed volumes were originally published. Theoretically, the analysis utilises discussions and research on child-oriented masculinity, and the gender differentiated parenthood discourse. My description and analysis of the three volumes makes apparent that the magazine undergoes major changes over time. The images of parenthood and gender equality in each volume correspond to the social and political context in which it was published. In 1968, dad is a relatively absent breadwinner, whereas in 1994 he has become more of a family man. However, even in the 1994 volume, he retains the privilege of being able to choose the level of his commitment to the family in a way that mum never can. The fact that dad spends more time with the children and takes a greater share of parental leave is something that, at least in the two later volumes, is seen as something positive , even though the importance of differentiating fatherhood from motherhood is frequently stressed in the 1983 volume. Still, throughout the period mom is the primary carer as well as the one responsible for the housework, and dad's involvement is not primarily seen as beneficial for her, but rather as something that is good for the children and for his personal growth. My conclusion is that the magazine Vi foraldrar cannot be said to be a strong advocate for double emancipation.Key


With the swift development of the information technology,the multimedia date of computer have shown great value and influenced the development of informationlization of the society significantly.The multimedia data have been widely adopted in many areas in this modern society.It would be much easier for us to choose an application multimedia date,to exert the various property of multimedia completely,and to establish a solid base for the informationlized construction if we have a well knowledge of the property and function of multimedia date using in the information technology.


The bandgap and energetic disorder of photoactive layer are of great importance to analyzing the energy losses of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the accurate determinations of these two parameters have yet to be realized so far. Here, an improved analytic model based on Shockley equation is provided to simulate the photovoltaic performance of nonfullerene OSCs with efficiencies of ~19%, whereby the bandgap and energetic disorder as fitting parameters are deduced. The modeling indicates that the radiative voltage loss is major, relative to the nonradiative one. The accurate quantification of the bandgap and energetic disorder relies on the accurate experimental measurement of charge carrier mobilities of photoactive layer. The simulations show that the state-of-art nonfullerene photoactive layers have bandgaps of ~1.35 to 1.37 eV and energetic disorders of ~0.11 eV. In order to improve the efficiencies of OSCs to over 20%, it is proposed to decrease the energetic disorders and/or increase the charge-carrier mobilities of photoactive layers.


The patient presented with an acute cerebrovascular episode and a swelling in the neck; she died within 36 hours. At necropsy, there was carcinoma of thyroid, with metastasis to lungs and lymph nodes, tumor embolism of the left middle cerebral artery, and extensive infarction of the left cerebral hemisphere.


you will find them soft and pliable for use over tender surfaces, and for cleansing deep wounds otherwvise difficult of access. You will expect me to tell you, more definitely than I have as yet, the extent to which you may look for healing of a wound by primary adhesion of its surfaces. You may, I believe, reckon upon obtaining this result whenever you can keep the surfaces which are to be united in accurate apposition; if this be impracticable, the wound must be filled uip by a process of granulation. If you consider the difficulty of getting, for example, the flaps of an amputation exactly applied, you will understand tlhat, although the entire margin of an amputation-wound Nvill unite at once, you cannot reasonably anticipate that the deeper parts of the wound, save in rare cases, will be healed, except by the gradual filling up of the interstices, which must here and there exist, by some process whiclh takes time, as by granulation, and during which process you are not unlikely to have some, although it may be but little, discharge of laudable pus. It is the necessity of leaving the parts at rest for the completion of this process which chiefly compels us to keep a patient in bed, after an amputation, for three weeks or longer, for it is not prudent to allow the parts to be in the least disturbed until the repair has become what we may term consolidated. At the end of this rest-period, any sutures which have been used (and I prefer after most operations the use of silver wire, as it is little irritaling and holds bletter than catgut, which is apt to give way under any strain) should be remnoved, unless for some reason it has been necessary to take them out at aa earlier period, and, in so doing, you should be careful, if wire have heen employed, after cutting eaclh one, to turn back the end distant from the twist, so that the rnetal may be withdrawn smoothly and without pain. Durin(-g a11 the progress of wound-healing, carbolised oil dressings mnay be continued. I have only once had trouble from their use, and that was in a case of excision of the knee, the boy apparently suffering constitutionally from the action of the acid upon the system ; at least, .we got on much better when the use of the acid was discontinued. But we are not tied to this particular dressing, and we sometimes substitute for it warm water applications, or we employ a solution of sulphate of zinc or some other remedy, if a wound be open, and if its granulations require a change of treatment. If I seem to you to dwell too much upon these details, let me remind you that it is impossible to be too careful about little things ; upon the right management of these it is that the comfort of your patient and the result of an operation largely depend; and, if you are to make the recovery of a patient from a capital operation well-nigh a certainty, you must, as I said at first, leave nothing to chance. Atnd, of course, what holds good of cutting operations is equally true for those practised by help of the 1cr-aseur, by galvanic cautery, or in other ways ; only I do not now refer so much to these, because, from the nature of such procedures, you cannot expect them to be followed by the rapidity of repair which you may get under more favourable conditions, and the measures for obtaining which we are now considering. And it is equally true for injuries; for, although amonast the thirty-five amputations I set out by referring to six were primary, or for injury, there were admitted inlto the same wards, during the timne my amputation cases were under treatment, twenty-eight compound fractures of bones of the leg, arm, or thigh, all of which recovered, and amongst which were fractures involving thle elbow, knee, and ankle-joints which would certainly, in years gone by, lhave added to the list of primary amputations. What I am telling you is not the story of any new plan of treatment; I am telling you what you may reasonably expect to accomplish by strictly adhering to the well-known principles and practice of surgery. If you are, as you should be, attentive observers of nature, you will see how this practice accords with her processes, and how it has come to us as the result of such observations. Look at any cut of little sizedoes nature attempt its repair before the bleeding has ceased ? Is the wound at rest, is it free from pain, is it sweet and clean ? It is all this if it is healing; and this is what you have to help nature to secure for her larger hurts, and you can do so if you will only take the pains. This is a trouble and a great tax upon your time, but it will ensure your obtainiing good results after great surgical operations.


With the technology of endoscope advances, colonoscopy has been widely used in clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the colon. The emergence of the electronic colonoscope makes the operation of colonoscopy change from two-man method to one-man method. However, the traditional control unit of colonoscope is not able to meet doctors' needs of single-hand operations in one-man colonoscopy. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a new approach to redesign human-machine interactive products based on ergonomics and the axiomatic design theory, which is called time-domain method. With this new method, a redesigned control unit and a redesigned bending control mechanism of the bending section is presented. The redesigned control unit that has all the basic functions is capable of fulfilling one-hand operation needs; it is more efficient and easy to use.


Heteroatom-doped carbon based catalysts have been demonstrated as one type of the most promising electrocatalysts to replace traditional noble metal catalyst, such as Pt for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, experimental results have shown that the carbon based catalysts exhibit inferior catalytic activities in acidic than that in alkaline mediums. As the catalytic mechanisms is unclear, there is no effective strategy to design and synthesize highly efficient carbon based catalysts working in acidic medium. In this work, the density functional theory (DFT) methods was applied to understand the inferior performance of doped graphene in acid. Our results show that the excellent performance of doped graphene is downgraded by protonation of dopants and the adsorption of acidic anions. The ORR overpotentials were calculated to be higher due to the protonation and the aggregation extent of acid anion on the graphene surface. To enhance the catalytic activities, the adverse effects of protonation and acid anion should be minimized as much as possible. These insights provide a direction to boost the catalytic efficiency and stability of metal-free carbon based catalysts for clean energy conversions and storages.


Nowadays, the priority of food industry processes is based on mixing of the various flavour pastes with the air. Optimal mixing process in the results means the instantaneous preparation of the homogenous and easily spreadable paste while consuming the lowest power. For achieving the brand precise and repeatable flavour, of major importance are, beside the filling parameters, the mixing setup parameters. This work presents the influence of rotation velocity, as one of the setup data, on: the paste quality and the mixing index, obtained by the CFD. The paste was prepared of soy flour and water, and described by the experimentally determined rheological characteristics. Mixing vessel, of the twin-shaft paddle type, introduced mixing by the laminar shear-thinning. This mixing process was modelled through 3D fully transient numerical simulations employing the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase model of the Eulerian-Eulerian approach. In two cases, the influence of the angular velocity to the mixing-index value can be neglected. At the mixing area two regions were marked off. First one and dominant, was the region of active mixing preoccupied with high shear flow, described with high mixing index. Opposite, in the passive mixing region, the flow was almost rotational, represented by low mixing indexes. The rotation velocity change made the significant influence to wall shear stress levels achieving the highest values at the tips of the paddles.


It is shown that the technique of mean‐field renormalization permits solution of the problem of perfect reflection from a rough surface. The results for both the statistically sharp reflected wave (the mean wave) and the fluctuations around the mean wave are precise provided that the rms height of the rough surface is small compared to the incident wavelength. In particular, the results are valid for any arbitrary ratio of the spatial scale of the roughness variations compared to the incident wavelength. It is shown that power is conserved to the order considered and that certain basic integrals do not depend for their convergence on the vanishing of the surface height autocorrelation function at large lags. As a consequence, a sinusoidally varying surface can be treated as a limiting case using the mean‐field renormalization approach.


The fluctuations of continuous elastic bodies are studied, applying the equipartition principle of energy to each normal mode of vibration. The mean square displacement of the particles from their equilibrium configurations is expressed through an infinite series, which is always converging, provided that the elasticity condition is satisfied even at high modes of vibration.


A coarse alignment method was presented to acquire the initial position,velocity,and attitude information without any restrictive condition of dynamic process and flight stability.The method could be implemented in high speed and high dynamic flight.The formulars of the coarse alignment method were derived which could solve the attitude of the flight by specific force equation using the velocity measured by GPS and specific force measured by inertial measurement unit.The factors affecting the alignment performance were analyzed,and a simulation system was developed,by which the validity and precision of the method were verified through computer simulation and semi-physical simulation.The computer simulation was carried out in manual trace.The semi-physical simulation was implemented using practical flight data.The simulation results show that the alignment method can be carried out in any dynamic process and meets the coarse alignment accuracy of strapdown inertial navigation system in high speed,high dynamic conditions.


This paper aims to illustrate ideas and methods of developing Mongolian Medical Literature resources and its service system from aspects of scientific management and modernization of Mongolian Medicine.And it also probes how to realize the automated searching,digitalization and Information Services network of Mongolian Medical Literature.


Chlorobutanol was synthesized by condensing chloroform and acetone in the presence of potassium hydroxide in 28 experiments. The best result was obtained when powdered KOH was added to a mixture of acetone and chloroform, with the mole ratio CHCl3: Me2CO: KOH equal to 1:5:0.27, and the reaction temperature being kept at −5°C to 2°C. The yield attained 66.5% of the theoretical amount.


We give a general inequality for Bergman kernels of Bergman spaces defined by convex weights in $\C^n$. We also discuss how this can be used in Nazarov's proof of the Bourgain-Milman theorem, as a substitute for Hormander's estimates for the $\dbar$-equation.


The invention discloses a production method of ethyl acetate, belongs to the field of organic chemical industry, and particularly relates to a process for preparing and separating ethyl acetate in the existence of a catalyst. The production method is characterized by adopting the production process as follows: firstly, mixing raw materials, namely acetic acid and ethanol, according to a certain ratio by using a static mixer (5), allowing the mixture to enter from the upper part of a fixed-bed reactor (3), reacting in the fixed-bed reactor (3), enabling a reaction product to flow out from the lower part of the fixed-bed reactor (3) and then enter from the upper part of a reaction section of a catalytic distillation tower (4), reacting in the catalytic distillation tower (4), reflowing a part of a tower-top product, enabling the rest part of the tower-top product to flow out as a product, and enabling the unreacted acetic acid returns from the catalytic distillation tower (4) as well as the supplemented acetic acid to enter the catalytic distillation tower (4) from the upper part of the reaction section. According to the production method provided by the invention, process conditions are mild, the operation is easy, and the conversion rate is improved to a certain extent while the material consumption and the energy consumption are effectively reduced and the treating capability of a device is improved.


INTRODUCTION The biological behavior and clinical performance of a dental implant is dependent on the correlation between implant design, drilling protocol and implant surface properties. The key to a successful implant treatment is mechanical stability (primary stability) until the healing process has established the osseointegration (secondary stability) in order to minimize the stability dip normally occurs after 2-4 weeks of healing (Figure 1). Implant design and drilling protocol mainly influence the primary stability, whereas the implant surface properties mainly influence the secondary stability. All three properties can be optimized such that the primary stability can be retained for a longer period and secondary stability can be achieved faster. This way, the dip in combined stability can be minimized or even eliminated.


Framing the Problem A Fresh Construct Theoretical Dimensions Underlying the Sexually Bonded Primary Relationship Elements Within the Relationship Toward a Model of Developing Sexually Mutual Influences Between the Developing Relationship and Its Developing Environment Influences Among Relationships, Children, and Adults The Impact of Women's Work and Occupational Structure Research Models and Observation Plans Prologue to Research and Application


Polyethylene glycol p-perfluorous nonenyloxyphenyl sulflonates(PFNPS-PEG-n) were synthesized from p-perfluorous nonenyloxyphenylsulfonyl chloride(PFNPSC) and polyethylene glycol(PEG-n),and were characterized by IR and 19F NMR,respectively.The effects of average relative molecular mass of PEG-n and reaction time on alcoholysis were investigated.The performances of these surfactants such as surface tensions,foaming characterisitics and emulsifiabilities were studied.The surface activity of PFNPS-PEG-n synthesized from PEG-600 is the best,and the optimal reaction conditions are n(PFNPSC)∶ n(PEG-600)=1∶ 1,reacts at 40 ℃ for 6~8 h in CCl4 in the present of NEt3.The critical micelle concentration(CMC) of PFNPS-PEG-600 is 0.56 g/L,and its γCMC is 19.1 mN/m;20 mL 1 g/L PFNPS-PEG-600 will produce 95 mL foam,and its half-life time is 75 s.Emulsifiability of PFNPS-PEG-1000 is the best among PFNPS-PEG-n.


This dissertation examines representations of woodland spaces in Middle English popular romances and related texts, in light of their immediate social and cultural contexts. Far from being abstract imaginative spaces, Middle English literary forests, particularly those in popular narratives, show some notable correspondences to practical interactions with and assumptions about actual woodland spaces, and these correspondences are present in both contemporary compositions and translations of older texts. The first chapter compares two twelfth-century French chivalric romances, Yvain and Perceval, to their fourteenth-century Middle English translations, Ywain and Gawain and Sir Perceval of Galles, and examines the manner in which the differences in woodland representations in the paired poems correspond to general shifts in woodland perception in England over the intervening centuries. The second chapter offers readings of two Middle English Greenwood outlaw narratives, The Tale of Gamelyn and Adam Bell, Clim of the Clough, and William of Cloudesley, and examines the role of the forest in each narrative in the context of fourteenth-century legal concerns. The third chapter discusses two King-and-Poacher narratives, King Edward and the Shepherd and The King and the Hermit, and compares the imagined abundance of game in the forest to growing fourteenth-


Currently manufacturers of various electronic equipment have begun to massively introduce the ability to connect to the Internet in their products. This applies not only to industrial devices that need access to data from external sensors, but also to household appliances and electronics for small and medium-sized businesses. The ability to control devices or receive data from them remotely has proven to be very convenient for the consumer. At the same time, the technology of software defined networks is currently being developed, which makes it possible to more flexibly control data flows compared to classical networks. The purpose of the work is to develop the architecture of a software defined network of Internet of Things devices. The study proposes a five-level architecture of a software defined network of Internet of things devices, describes its mathematical model. To conFigure the network, metrics obtained using fuzzy inference were proposed.


OBJECTIVE This study investigates the increasing use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among oncology patients, surpassing conventional medical treatments. Factors driving this trend go beyond medical intervention. The study aims to shed light on patients' awareness and knowledge of CAM practices during and after treatment.


Because the past fault diagnostic methods of electric actuator are mostly taken in the control system, and tend to cover up the implementation of the fault itself, and the constant gain fault of actuator is not easy to determine. In response to these shortcomings, The mechanism of the actuator is analyzed in this paper , in order to identify the effective measuring points electric of actuator. A approach based on data-driven to the implementation of the provision of the signal itself to deal with failures is processed and to establish the fault diagnosis system. The method is not only need to establish a complex mathematical model but also with the advantage that need a simple calculation to determine the fault quickly.


Informal and formal education both have penchant to empower members of society to exercise management control over their small or medium scale businesses. In the case of Mrs. Oborakpororo Itedjere, both forms of music education are utilized to promote her business. She studied music at a College of Education in Nigeria and she uses the formal music qualification to teach in a school. At the same time, she applies her music knowledge and skills in promoting her small-scale business as well as in managing and controlling her resources. This article examines the synergy of music and business management control. The study adopts the "key informant technique", involving oral interviews and personal communication to collect primary data from the field, as well as secondary data from relevant literature in music, accounting, management, and business administration.


Introduction Despite widespread use of the Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function, we were unable to find studies to affirm the validity and responsiveness in patients with trauma and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the criterion validity and responsiveness of the Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function, a tool which is widely used in Japan. Methods Thirty patients between the ages of 20 and 82 years with distal radius fracture (n = 10), and cervical spondylosis myelopathy (n = 20) were included in this study. Concurrent validity was tested by examining the correlation between Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function, the Purdue Pegboard Test, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire. In addition, standardized response means were calculated to compare the responsiveness of the Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function with Purdue Pegboard Test and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand. Results The correlation coefficient between Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function and Purdue Pegboard Test was 0.70, and the correlation between Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand was −0.55 (p < 0.05). Standardized response mean shows that the Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function (0.69) is more responsive than the Purdue Pegboard Test (0.53), and less responsive than Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (0.97). Conclusions The Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function demonstrates concurrent validity and responsiveness as a performance based assessment of dexterity in patients with distal radius fracture and cervical spondylosis. We conclude that the Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function could be used as a measure of dexterity or clinical change after therapy intervention. The Purdue Pegboard Test may be used for patients with an occupation that requires integrated fine motor skills and bimanual activity, whereas the Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function may be more suitable for patients who use a variety of unilateral grips such as pinch and span. The Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand can complement each other when measuring someone's activity and participation level.


ous links with Finnish leading political circles and often reflected ideas which were bom in Finland rather than in the minds of the papers' editors. Here, I think, is one of the major assets of this study. In a number of cases the author has not been satisfied with identifying the editor of a given paper as the obvious writer of editorials. He has, obviously with considerable effort, succeeded in tracing the sources of information and quite often even the hand that held the pen. This widens the scope of this study from a mere press analysis and a typical opinion poll into a historically more meaningful study of factors which had exerted their influence on the press. In this respect the very last chapter of the book is particularly useful. It would be unfair not to mention Dr. Marandi's lavish use of footnotes. Quite


We present a one‐shot multigrid method for the optimal Neumann boundary control of time‐periodic, linear, parabolic partial differential equations. We focus on optimal control problems of the so‐called tracking type, i.e., we try to steer the PDE solution such that it matches a prescribed periodic trajectory, or segment thereof, as closely as possible. To that end we derive the optimality condition of such problems. We develop a one‐shot multigrid method for solving the resulting coupled system of forward and backward time‐periodic differential equations. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the behavior of the multigrid algorithm.


Three RFLPs at the TGFA locus were studied in 60 unrelated British Caucasian subjects with non-syndromic cleft lip/palate and 60 controls. A highly significant association between the TaqI RFLP and the occurrence of clefting was found (chi 2 = 15.04, p = less than 0.001). No significant association was found with the two other RFLPs studied (BamHI and RsaI). Haplotypes derived from the three RFLPs at the TGFA locus also showed an over-representation of the C2A2B2 haplotype in cases compared to controls. Analyses of genotypes according to type of cleft and the presence or absence of a family history of clefting were also carried out. These results provide further support for the role of TGFA as a gene of major effect in the development of orofacial clefts in humans.


Reaction of the α-chiral aldimine derivative (I) with Grignard reagents proceeds through an addition/cyclization/deprotection reaction sequence to give 5,6-disubstituted 2-piperidinones in good diastereoselectivity.


This study was purposed to evaluate the flexural performance of One-way Hollow Deck Slab through a comparison with the solid slab's and to verify the results of the flexural strength by the linear analysis. For this flexural performance tests, a total of 10 full scale specimens was made. One specimen was the case of conventional solid deck slab. Other 9 specimens were made into 3 shapes of hollow deck slabs which were cycled, rectangular, trapezoidal. Each shape of hollow deck slab was made 3 different sizes. From the results of simple beam loading tests, the flexural strength of hollow deck slab had almost same value with the flexural strength of solid slab. Besides, there was not much difference on the flexural strength and the deflection between hollow deck slab and solid slab even hollow deck slab had changed its size. Result of the tests shows that One-way Hollow Deck Slab was an effective system which is reducing the self-weight and maintaining the flexural strength, compared to solid slab.


The resistivity of the bulk amorphous alloy Zr41.2Be22.5Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10 and a polycrystal with the same composition has been measured in the temperature interval 1.5–300K. The Faber-Ziman model (bulk amorphous alloy) and the Bloch-Gruneisen model (polycrystal) are used as a basis to make a fit to the temperature dependences obtained.


Based on the wiring poultry house environment monitoring system, a wireless transmission and ARM monitoring data acquisition system was designed by adding ZigBee protocol and ARM processor. The system transmitted information to the ARM terminal through ZigBee wireless. This paper introduced hardware and software implementation of ARM terminal and ZigBee network, and the transfer process of information to the terminal. The monitoring terminal chose ARM processor and Linux embedded system; WSN was based on ZigBee protocol; hardware used CC2430 and software was IAR EW7.3 QT4.5; the developing language were C,C ++.


4 Introduction 4 Methods 5 Results 5 Images of some reptiles and amphibians on Lolldaiga Hills Ranch. 6 Discussion 10 Conclusion and Recommendations 10 Acknowledgements 10 References 10 INSECTS 11 Abstract 11 11 Methodology 11 Results 13 Discussion and Conclusions 16 Images of some butterflies on Lolldaiga Hills Ranch. 17 Acknowledgements 18 References 18 FAUNA REPRESENTED BY SKELETAL REMAINS 19 Introduction 19 Results & Discussion 19 Conclusion & Recommendations 21 References 21 PLANTS 22 Abstract 22 22 Methodology 22 Results 22 Images of some common dry season flowers of Lolldaiga Hills Ranch. 23 Discussion and Conclusions 27


Uncertain data streams, where data is incomplete, imprecise, and even misleading, have been observed in a variety of environments. Feeding uncertain data streams to existing stream systems can produce results of unknown quality, which is of paramount concern to monitoring applications. In this paper, we present the Claro system that supports uncertain data stream processing for data that is naturally captured using continuous random variables. The Claro system employs a unique data model that is flexible and allows efficient computation. Built on this model, we develop evaluation techniques for complex relational operators, including aggregates and joins, by exploring advanced statistical theory and approximation techniques. Our evaluation results show that our techniques can achieve high performance in stream processing while satisfying accuracy requirements, and these techniques significantly outperform a state-of-the-art sampling-based method. Furthermore, initial results of a case study show that our modeling and aggregation techniques can allow a tornado detection system to produce better quality results yet with lower execution time.


Foreign trade and FDI influence the income distribution of a country.Based on the World Bank database,the article uses the GMM method,finding that the BRICs Gini coefficient moves in the same direction as export,import and FDI,and comprehensive influence coefficient of international trade and investment to the BRICs income gap is 0.081.After joining the WTO,BRIC countries still face widening income gap.Using the ARIMA method,the comprehensive influence coefficient of Braille,south Africa and China is 0.15,0.37 and 0.14 respectively,so the income gap is widening;but the coefficient is-0.07 in India,which means the income gap is narrowing.


Objective — to analyze modern anesthetic approaches and their use in endoscopic phthisiosurgery.
Materials and methods. During 2008—2021, we performed 133 VATS lung resections in patients with tuberculosis. The following VATS operations were performed: atypical segmentectomy — 29 (21.6 %), typical segmentectomy — 49 (36.9 %), lobectomy — 49 (36.9 %) cases, bilobectomy — 2 (1.5 %), pulmonectomy — 4 (3.1 %) observations.The number of patients diagnosed with newly diagnosed tuberculosis was 62 (46.3 %), with multidrugresistant tuberculosis 45 (34.4 %) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis 26 (19 3 %). One-pulmonary ventilation, which was carried out by endobronchial intubation of the main bronchus of the contralateral lung using a double-lumen tube (DLT) in 115 (86.4 %) patients, in 15 (11.3 %) cases, endobronchial intubation was performed with a single-lumen tube (SLT) and in 3 (3.1 %) tracheal intubation.
Results and discussion. The use of a DLT for intubation made it possible to reduce the duration of surgery by 20—25 % compared with the use of a SLT or tracheal intubation. When using a DLT, a more stable, faster and better collapse of the lungs was achieved, which in turn gave a decrease in trauma to its parenchyma due to the fact that additional instrumental actions were not required on the part of surgeons to achieve it.Intraoperative blood loss with DLT was (75.4 ± 38.7) and (112.6 ± 51.8) ml with SLT in experiments with intubation of the main bronchus of the contralateral lung and (184.3 ± 89.8) ml in tracheal intubation, largely due to visualization and comfort working conditions of the surgical team.In the recovery of costs, we adhere to restrictive infusion approaches, which allows avoiding overloading the pulmonary circulation, and therefore reducing the number of pulmonary complications. The qualitative composition of the intraoperative infusion program included crystalloid and colloidal solutions. The quantitative ratio during the intubation of DLT was 3 : 0.5, with SLT 3 : 1. The need for transfusion of blood components was only during tracheal intubation.
Conclusions. The most important task of modern anesthesiology in endoscopic phthisiosurgery is to improve patient safety during surgery. The defining technologies of anesthetic protection in this case should be the following categories: means and methods of general anesthesia, methods of respiratory provision and technical means of their application; full intraoperative monitoring of vital functions.


Generative Learning theory has the following assumption: The learner is not a passive recipient of information ; rather than he is an active participant in the learning process, working to construct meaningful understanding of information found in the environment. This article defines generative learning, introduces its neural model and points the implications for instruction design.


This paper analyses the latest achievements and developments of Nano-WS2 at home and abroad. Its properties, applications and production methods are introduced. The integration of chemical deconstruction and mechanical sphere grinding is the most effective industrialized method.


Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome has been increasing for the last 10 years in South Korea, and the rate of increase in the prevalence rate of male workers is especially fast. Metabolic syndrome is a disease for which continuous care is important. Motivation for health behavior that induces health promoting behavior is affected by subjective health status. Accordingly, subjective health status of adult male workers with metabolic syndrome in South Korea and factors influencing subjective health status will be examined in this study.Method/Statistical Analysis: This study performed secondary data analysis using the Seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The number of participants of the Seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was 29,321. There were 469 adult male workers with metabolic syndrome. Subjective health status was measured using a 5-point scale for subjective judgment of one's health status. In this study,subjective health status of the subjects according to general characteristics, health-related characteristics and health-related behavioral characteristics were verified by t-test and ANOVA. Multiple regression was used to analysethe factors causing significant differences in subjective health status.Findings: The results showed body discomfort, perceived stress, comorbidity, muscle strengthening and walking exercise, restriction of activity were significantly associated with subjective health status.Improvements/Applications: The results of this study show that the developed interventions are needed to improve health ofadult male workers with metabolic syndrome in Korea.


Purpose
This paper aims to examine the influence of key macroeconomic factors on the inward and outward acquisition activities of six ASEAN (ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, over the 1996-2015 period.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses alternative panel data methods, including pooled mean group, mean group and dynamic fixed-effect estimators.

Findings
The results indicate that gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate, exchange rate, money supply and inflation rate are the most important macroeconomic factors explaining the trends of cross-border mergers and acquisition outflows of the ASEAN-6 countries. Specifically, GDP, money supply and inflation rate have significant positive relationships with acquisition outflows, while interest rate and exchange rate exert significant negative influence. On the other hand, the authors find four significant macroeconomic factors explaining the trends of the inward acquisitions. Essentially, GDP, money supply and inflation rate have significant positive impacts on inward acquisitions, while the impact of exchange rate is negatively significant.

Research limitations/implications
Unavailability of data limits this study to pool six sample countries from ASEAN, instead of ten representative member countries.

Practical implications
The results of this study can signal to firms or investors, involving in cross-border mergers and acquisitions, where to direct foreign resources flows. Moreover, having the knowledge about the relative levels of market size and other macroeconomic factors in both home and host countries can be of great importance for investment decision. Therefore, policymakers of ASEAN countries should make appropriate macroeconomic policies that can stimulate inward and outward acquisitions.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper is that it is the first to present the analysis of macroeconomic influences on the trends of inward and outward merger and acquisition activities in six ASEAN countries.


Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common congenital anomaly that frequently occurs in conjunction with other major anomalies, including chromosomal abnormalities. Fryns syndrome (FS) is a lethal syndrome that most frequently features CDH as a cardinal feature in addition to pulmonary hypoplasia, coarse facies, distal digital hypoplasia, and organ malformations. The exact genetic defect has not yet been identified, although it is regarded to follow an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. We describe the autopsy findings of a medically terminated 20 weeks fetus with left-sided CDH, hypoplastic left heart, lungs, horse-shoe kidney and other anomalies, confirming to the phenotypic diagnostic guidelines of FS.


In this essay, I develop a moderate hierarchical position about the moral status of animals that is based on two factors:  on the level of mental development of a being who is affected and on the significance of the interests that are affected. I argue that this view accommodates two different sets of moral intuitions. On one hand, it explains why, in general, humans have the special moral standing that is typically attributed to us. On the other hand, it also allows us to accommodate much of our intuition about how animals ought to be treated. In addition, this view is supported also by plausible general theoretical considerations. Subsequently, I explore some implications of this view for some real-life examples of our interactions with animals, especially, for the practice of raising them for food using industrial methods. I argue that this practice is morally wrong and that the correct approach is to adopt a (nearly) plant-based lifestyle.


Studies have show that Earth passages of fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) trigger geomagnetic storms. Early identification of fast Earth-directed CME can help provide storm warnings, but detection of such by coronagraphs is extremely difficult. We suggest that energetic hydrogen atoms (EHA) between 2 and 10 keV produced during the transit phase of an Earth-directed CME by recombination between protons and electrons in the CME can travel ahead of the CME and act as harbingers of a magnetic storm. This forecasting scheme should work if enough EHA are produced, because while CMEs decelerate continuously after their ejection, the EHA fluxes produced in the initial phase of fast CMEs propagate at their initial high speeds (> 1 X 103 km s-1). Model simulations support this proposed mechanism. A coarse measurement of the CME-produced ENA at 1 AU could provide storm warning hours in advance, and finer measurements could yield detailed information on the likely geomagnetic effectiveness of a CME, as well as the evolution and propagation of CME between the Sun and Earth.


Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure signals poor prognosis. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme is a key player in the counterregulation of oxidative stress, which is related in part to AF pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible clinical association in heart failure patients between the presence of exon 7 G894T eNOS polymorphism, known to result in the Glu298Asp protein variant, and the occurrence of AF. Methods: We analyzed the DNA of 344 patients with chronic systolic heart failure for exon 7 G894T eNOS polymorphism, using PCR. Odds ratios for AF were calculated for the homoand heterozygous G-allele G894T variants relative to the TT variant. Results: Of the 344 patients, 204 (59%) were homozygous for the G allele, 122 (36%) were heterozygous (GT), and 18 (5%) were homozygous for the T allele. AF episodes were documented in 73 patients (36%) with the GG genotype, in 35 (29%) with GT, and in 2 (11%) with TT. The odds ratio for AF, based on the presence of at least one G allele in the eNOS 894 gene, was 3.96 (95% confidence interval, 1.17‒13.56, p=0.04). Having two G alleles increased the odds ratio to 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0‒20.0, p=0.02). Conclusion: Patients with systolic heart failure demonstrate strong correlation between AF and the presence of a G allele in the exon 7 G894T eNOS genotype. These findings support the importance of eNOS polymorphism in the pathogenesis of AF in heart failure patients. www.jafib.com 24 Dec 2012-Jan 2013| Vol 5 | Issue 4 Journal of Atrial Fibrillation Original Research www.jafib.com 25 Dec 2012-Jan 2013| Vol 5 | Issue 4 occur due to reduced NO bioavailability or increased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-dependent superoxide formation or both, predisposes the individual to major cardiovascular pathology.4,5 NOS, a key player in the counterregulation of oxidative stress, is one of the principal enzymes in the vascular endothelium because its products participate in the formation and degradation of NO. Accordingly, elucidation of the role of eNOS genetic polymorphism is of major clinical interest.6, 7 Several eNOS genomic polymorphisms at different sites of the genomic code have been described in association with various pathological myocardial and vascular conditions, including T (786)C in the promoter, a variable number of tandem 27-base pair repeats in intron 4, and G894T in exon.7,8‒11 The clinical significance of exon 7 G894T eNOS polymorphism for coronary artery disease and HF has been assessed in several studies, with conflicting findings.12‒14 HF and atrial fibrillation (AF) are notoriously related, as HF is a predisposing risk factor for AF and the latter is associated with high mortality.15, 16 Accordingly, significant research efforts have been invested in improving our understanding of the interface between these two conditions. The impact of genetic polymorphisms on AF in HF patients has been previously studied in several reports.17 A possible relationship between eNOS polymorphism and AF has been described only in very few reports, and even in those the findings were inconsistent. One group reported the existence of such an association, but this was not confirmed by others .18,19 Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the clinical association between exon 7 G894T eNOS (rs 57135373) polymorphism and AF in patients with chronic systolic HF. Materials and Methods Patient Characteristics The study population comprised 344 patients who were followed at our HF out-patients center due to chronic systolic HF, defined as HF syndrome persisting for more than 3 months and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 40%. Blood samples were taken from each patient and their DNA was analyzed for the presence of exon 7 G894T eNOS polymorphism. In addition, 96 healthy subjects who were ethnically matched to the patient group underwent similar analysis for the presence of the polymorphism and served as a control group. Each patient underwent a full medical examination, including detailed anamnesis, echocardiography, Holter recording, and serial 12-lead electrocardiography. Diagnosis of AF (paroxysmal, persistent, or chronic) was based on documentation of the arrhythmia by a senior cardiologist who reviewed the electrocardiograms or the Holter recordings or both, and was blinded to the results of the patients' genetic analyses. The patients' clinical characteristics are listed in Table 1. The study was approved by the Institution Review Board (Helsinki Committee) of Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center. All patients Table 1 Baseline Patient Characteristics Variable Patient group, no.(%) (n = 344) Mean ± SD Age (years) 64 ± 13.2 Body mass index (kg/m2) 28.4 ± 5.3


The article deals with the results of domestic historical-pedagogical knowledge from 1990-s to the beginning of XXI century; the model of progress of domestic pedagogy progress is grounded; the ideas about strategy and tactic of farther progress of historical-pedagogical knowledge are given as well as the main streams of future researching.


Aiming at some problems in performance evaluation in our country's institutions of higher education,puts forward the strategy that institutions of higher education should establish scientific performance evaluation system and combine it with assessment for teachers on administrative post.Points out the emphasis of performance assessment is the combination of salary and performance,when set salary,should divide it into regular salary and performance salary,performance salary may be reflected by performance.Making performance assessment for staff must reflect with the salary,at the same time make according to the time,evaluation subject and assessment result form.Practice provides this method is feasible,and worthy to popularize.


Three initiatives are described that focus on cultivating inquiry based learning with technology for student teachers. The article describes an approach by a Faculty of Education to the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of media rich learning experiences and research projects. Descriptions are provided of the type of work that student teachers complete. Emphasis is on using technology as a medium for thinking, creation, and invention rather than productivity. The main goal is to foster closer connections between campus and field experiences by cultivating collaborative relationships between university faculty, classroom teachers, and student teachers. ********** Educators need to rethink how student teachers are prepared for the knowledge era. Today's dominant information and communication media are highly interactive, and include international networks, digital video and audio, and hypermedia. Unlike broadcast media of the recent past, digital technologies and the Internet enable both adults and children to author, publish, and freely exchange their stories using multiple media with a global audience. Digital media and network technologies represent a major communications revolution and integration for teaching and learning demands and requires us to question conventional methods and approaches to schooling. Today's digital media requires us to reconsider how to enable students and student teachers to take advantage of unregulated online resources, and contribute to and extend those resources as they share their knowledge and perspectives with the world. Educators must examine school and campus structures and instructional approaches that privilege textual forms of literacy while largely ignoring hypermedia and online forms of discourse. An important job for all educators is to enable learners to author using the media of their time. It is not enough to teach today's children in ways we were taught because they live in a different age. Rushkoff (1996) calls them Screenagers: today's children have been "born into a culture mediated by the television and the computer" (p. 3). Screenagers participate fluidly in online, interactive digital environments and virtual spaces--the rapid-fire, nonlinear, chaotic, multisensory world of digital media. Screenagers invent uses for computers and networks that adults often do not anticipate and frequently misunderstand. What educators first assumed children needed from us--careful instruction, step-by-step activities, and computer lessons developed with a close eye to scope-and-sequence--is often exactly what gets in their way (Clifford, Friesen, & Jacobsen, 1998). At home, much like the adult work experience, today's children are multitasking and exchanging documents for social purposes using wireless networks, personal data assistants, digital video and audio devices, and distributed gaming environments. We must examine the implications of these daily interactions with technologies for schooling and for Faculties of Education. How are student teachers taught to leverage today's digital technologies for their own, and for children's, learning and collaboration needs? Wouldn't it be nice for teacher educators to have a crystal ball to guide planning and decisions on how to prepare teachers how to take advantage of technology in their professional roles? However, even with such a time-bending device, we would likely confirm what we already know--there are precious few certainties in today's classrooms, and few set models about what teacher graduates will encounter in their first classroom populated by Screenagers. About the only "certainties" we can count on are that teachers' professional lives will be characterized by unstructured problems and unpredictable hourly and daily events. Classroom teachers have reflexive roles in increasingly complex, multi-layered and distributed learning organizations that include colleagues, students, parents, and increasingly, the global community. …


Brain injuries (BI) are a major public health issue. Many therapists who work with patients who have had a BI include games to ameliorate boredom associated with repetitive rehabilitation. However, designing effective, appropriate, and engaging games for BI therapy is challenging. The challenge is especially manifested when considering how to consolidate the different mindsets and motivations among key stakeholders; i.e., game designers and therapists. In this dissertation, I investigated the ideation, creation, and evaluation of game design patterns and a design tool, GaPBIT (Game Design Patterns for BI Therapy) that leveraged patterns to support ideation of BI therapy game concepts and facilitate communication among designers and therapists. Design patterns, originated from the work of Christopher Alexander, provide a common design language in a specific field by documenting reusable design concepts that have successfully solved recurring problems. This investigation involved four overlapping phases. In Phase One, I interviewed 11 professional game designers focused on games for health (serious games embedded with health-related goals) to explore how they perceived and


Giving more concern to the vulnerable groups and protecting their legal rights are an important task in the construction of a harmonious society and realization of social justice.The report to the 17th National Congress of CPC emphasizes that on the basis of the development of economy,people's livelihood should be more improved and a better social system,public service,social management and justice should also be on the way.As the present time,a strong judicial system is needed so that their rights can be realized and social development can be accelerated.This paper gives a new concept for the definition of "vulnerable groups" under the legal point of view and analyses the reason for their appearance.Based on an analysis of the present legal protection system,the paper also reveals its defects and gives suggestions to improve it.


This paper proposes a new method for hand segmentation from complex backgrounds. Exemplarbased texture synthesis contains both texture and structure. We note that the success of structure update is highly dependent on the order in which the region growing proceeds. This paper proposes a best-first algorithm in which the confidence in the synthesized pixel values is updated in hand segmentation. In order to increase region growing's speed and computational efficiency, a block-based updating process is presented in this paper. We test our hand segmentation approach on different hand images. These hand images contain noise, shadow and occlusion. Results confirm the effectiveness and the robustness of the exemplar-based method.


To the authors' knowledge, an association between adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been reported only in four patients. The authors identified five additional patients with both neoplasms.


It now seems as if an eon has passed, and not merely a century or so, since the eminent historian Herbert Baxter Adams's seminar room at Johns Hopkins was emblazoned with this motto: "History is past Politics, and Politics present History." Whereas political history once dominated scholarship on all of American history, professional scholars in recent decades have turned skeptical, and at times hostile, to studies that stress mainstream politics (including parties and government institutions), let alone the lives and achievements of great political leaders and public officials. There has been, to be sure, a great deal written on these topics, as there continues to be today. But after the 1960s, an explosion of interest in other historical modes?social history, cultural history, anthropological history?relegated political history to the academic margins. As a field, political history lost its old sense of excitement, as well as the rewards of every variety that accompanied the excitement (1). Interestingly, the decline in professional political history has coincided with a burst of public interest in political biography and in books broadly connected to politics and political history, including the history of warfare and military affairs. Given the regular appearances on the bestseller lists of works by David McCullough, Doris Kearns Goodwin, and other popular historians of politics, as well as the success of the History Channel, the reading and viewing public's appetite for traditional historical fare seems insatiable. Some critics have


parently been such continuing effort to establish a minimum biographical record of the members of the national legislative body from the beginning. For those members of the American Congress for whom the minimum information desired has not been procurable, the venerable Senator Carl Hayden, chairman of the Joint Committee on Printing, states that "The Committee will be especially indebted to those sufficiently interested in furnishing additional information which would add to the value of future editions."—JAMES B. CHILDS, Library of Congress.


This thesis examines parts of the kinetics and performance in Li-battery cells using lithium titanate anodes and lithium manganese oxide cathodes. Lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) is a candidate for ba ...


The principal insecticidal compound obtained from the herbal medicine Inchinkō, the dry flower buds of Artemisia capillaris (Asteraceae), which works against the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne, was isolated through successive silica-gel column chromatography and HPLC. The active isolate was characterized as capillin (1-phenyl-2,4-hexadiyn-1-one) by FT-IR, GC/MS, and 1H- and 13C-NMR analyses. The LC50 and LC99 of the isolated capillin against the larva of L. serricorne were 130 ppm and 415 ppm, respectively. The commercial extract of A. capillaris (rumput roman extract; capillin content, 1.8%), which has been approved as a natural preservative for food, may be applicable as a safe insecticidal agent to control the cigarette beetle.


Background: identification of the problems that affect the healthcare practice, investigating the causes and consequences, using the notion of a tree as a metaphor and trans-discipline as the guiding principle. Objective: Build and apply a transdisciplinary problem tree to operationalize transdisciplinary attitudes, in the improvement of the relationships that are established between health professionals and patients in healthcare practice. Methods: a qualitative study, research method action transdisciplinary approach, the instrument with a tree of problems and transdisciplinary solutions, four constituent elements of the tree are established, the root is problematic multicausal, the trunk is the logical unfolding, the branches are the interdependent causes the leaves represent the alternatives of the relational solution. Sample Totality of officials, students who work in the Manizales First Level Clinic, during the year 2017 and Patients belonging to the user association. Results: improvement of a care practice that is precarious, instrumentalized, rigid and dehumanized, because of a health policy framed in the fiscal adjustment and the rationalization of resources.Conclusions: with the presence of transdisciplinary and their attitudes in professional practice, it is achieved that the care practice is a scenario in which pain is not missed, without losing sight of the fact that the health system is the reflection in a chaotic state of economic concerns that prevent optimizing its quality and management indicators.


In recent decades, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been at the center of research interest in medicine, psychology, and education. Research has focused on its etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches. However, there are also many researchers who have focused their interest on teachers' opinions regarding the inclusion of ADHD in standard schools, as ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose primary symptoms are inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity usually causes social and behavioral disorders and learning difficulties. In this research, research data was collected through the quantitative method and the use of an electronic questionnaire in a sample of 160 Special and General Education teachers concerning their opinions, concerns, and feelings regarding the inclusion of students with ADHD in general schools. The results of the research process demonstrate that Special Education Teachers have more positive attitudes and feelings to-ward the inclusion of children with ADHD in general classes than General Education teachers. Meanwhile, General Education teachers compared to Special Education teachers seem to present more concerns regarding the inclusion of students with ADHD, due to insufficient training and information on special education issues [1]. A fact that seems to agree and confirm the modern research literature. Also, through the research, it was established that demographic data, such as gender and family status, seem to be a factor that affects the attitudes and feelings of teachers towards the inclusion of students with ADHD. Age was not correlated with any of the three scales. Married people show a weak to moderate positive correlation.


Purpose: Reducing the spread of infectious disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic prompted recommendations for individuals to limit physical contact with others and engage in social distancing. Less is known about why youth are engaging in social distancing and how these motivations are connected with their engagement, mental health, and social health. Using a large sample of adolescents from across the United States, this study examined adolescents' motivations for social distancing, their engagement in social distancing, and their mental and social health. Methods: Data were collected March 29th and 30th 2020, two-weeks after COVID-19 was declared a national emergency in the United States. The sample consisted of 683 adolescents recruited using social media. A series of multiple linear regressions examined unique associations among adolescents' motivations to engage in social distancing, social distancing behaviors, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, burdensomeness, and belongingness. Results: The most commonly reported motivations for social distancing concerned social responsibility and not wanting others to get sick. Motivations concerning state or city lockdowns, parental rules, and social responsibility were associated with greater social distancing, whereas motivations concerning no alternatives were associated with less social distancing. Engagement in social distancing was not significantly associated with adolescents' mental or social health. However, specific motivations for social distancing were differentially associated with adolescents' anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, burdensomeness, and belongingness. Conclusions: Understanding adolescents' motivations to engage in social distancing may help inform strategies to increase social distancing engagement, reduce pathogen transmission, and improve mental and social health during pandemics.


Piezoelectric surgery, also known as piezosurgery, is an osseous surgical technique first described by Vercellotti (2004) utilizing an innovative ultrasonic surgical apparatus, known as the Mectron piezosurgery device. Piezoelectric device is an innovative tool developed as an alternative to the mechanical and electrical instruments that are used in conventional oral surgical procedures. Because of its highly selective and accurate nature, with its cutting effect exclusively targeting hard tissue, its use may be extended to more complex oral surgical procedures, as well as to other interdisciplinary problems. It can be used for selective cutting of bone depending on bone mineralization, without damaging the adjacent soft tissue (e.g. vessels, nerves or mucosa), providing a clear visibility in the operating field, and cutting with sensitivity without the generation of heat. Hence, user must be knowledgable and trained enough to adapt their operating technique in order to utilize the advantages of piezosurgery. This review summarizes on the clinical importance of piezosurgery pertaining to its use in periodontal sugeries. Piezosurgery ensures the 3 'P's that is predictability, less post operative pain and increased patient's compliance in various disciples of dentistry.


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing electrode for display apparatus and display apparatus comprising the electrode. The method for manufacturing an electrode for a display apparatus includes printing and drying a conductive paste on a substrate, and printing a glass paste on the dried conductive paste, followed by patterning. The invention also discloses an electrode which is prepared by the method mentioned above and is used for a display apparatus.


This symposium assesses Mexico's recent experiments with implementing new public management (NPM) reforms. The introduction describes Mexico's characteristics, summarizes the history of NPM implementation there, and explores its underlying political and administrative rationale. Next, it introduces the three Mexican contributors and summarizes their respective presentations. Finally, it predicts the eventual outcome of NPM implementation in Mexico based on the critical issues that affect Mexican development, indicators for assessing progress, and the key role of public administration in the Mexican reform process.


Among the various classes of ionic liquids (ILs), those containing N-heterocyclic cations are most widely used. Imidazolium salts 1 (Figure 1) represent the most prominent subclass in this area and a number of them are commercially available. Their solvent properties such as melting points, solubility, and viscosity can easily be tuned in a wide range by varying the substituents at the nitrogen atoms as well as by varying the counter-ions. This makes ionic liquids in general, real designer solvents. Even if imidazolium salts have found very wide application in organic synthesis and catalysis, they have some limitations. One important limitation is that, they do not behave as innocent solvents under strongly basic conditions, where they suffer from deprotonation at carbon 2 leading to N-heterocyclic carbenes. 1,2,3Triazolium salts 2 (Figure 1) lack an acidic ring-carbon flanked by two N-atoms, consequently they should be advantageous in this aspect. Surprisingly, unlike 1,2,4triazolium salts, 1,2,3-triazolium salts were neglected as potential ionic liquids until recently. Even though the first examples of 1,2,3-triazolium salts had been known since 1887 (Zincke and Lawson 1887) they were not investigated for their ionic liquid properties. Prior to the first report on stable 1,3,4-trialkyl-1,2,3-triazolium-based ionic liquids 1,2,3-triazolium salts were only interesting when they bear 1-amino groups and contain oxygen-rich anions 3 (Figure 1) and thus can be utilized as highly energetic fuels (Drake, Kaplan et al. 2007). Here, a review is provided on the state of the art in the area of 1,2,3-triazolium salts as ionic liquids and ionic liquid tags for organocatalysts.


Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to select the fault line correctly when a single-phase grounding fault occurs in the coal mine power grid, this paper proposes a new line selection method based on smooth decomposition modified threshold denoising and waveform diversity. Firstly, Smooth decomposition modified threshold denoising method is used to denoise the transient zero-sequence current waveform of each line, then the comprehensive diversity matrix of lines is calculated according to cosine similarity. Finally, the comprehensive diversity matrix is analyzed by boxplot method to realize the correct line selection. The algorithm proposed in this paper is simple to implement and easy to apply in engineering with high accuracy and strong applicability. The simulation analysis shows that the proposed algorithm can still achieve correct line selection under strong noise scenarios. And the accuracy of line selection results is not affected by factors such as fault line, fault location, fault closing angle and grounding resistance.


In a stratified random sample of adults aged 40 and older, interviewed in Hamilton, Ontario, more than half the respondents indicated that there was someone in their extended family who could be considered a "kinkeeper," someone who works at keeping family members in touch with one another. In this study kinkeeping is viewed as a position in a familial division of labor. The paper examines the identification of the position, the work of kinkeeping, the way in which the position is structured, the dynamics of position occupancy, and the consequences for families of having a kinkeeper. Kinkeeping is primarily a female activity and is related to the importance sibling relationships hold for people. The position of kinkeeper persists over time, and occupancy is frequently passed from mother to daughter. Having a family kinkeeper is related to greater extended family interaction and greater emphasis on family ritual at both extended family and lineage levels.


We demonstrate a side-viewing confocal endomicroscope with an outer diameter of 4.2 mm that can image either the horizontal or vertical plane, by using an integrated monolithic, electrostatic 3D MEMS scanner.


This paper analyses economic effects of immigrants that moved to Finland be-tween 1990 and 2000. The focus is on labour market participation, which affects direct taxes paid and income transfers received by immigrants. Immigrants are followed from the year of immigration up to 2000 or out-migration. Countries of origin are grouped into four categories: OECD, neighbouring countries (Russia and Estonia), the "JIIS-countries" (i.e. former Yugoslavia, Iran, Irak and Soma-lia), and remaining other countries. The main result is that employment of immi-grants strongly increases over the years stayed in Finland. Consequently, non-humanitarian immigrants pay more direct taxes than they receive in income transfers after six years of immigration. When humanitarian immigration is in-cluded, the balance remains negative throughout the period of investigation. The analysis is based on immigrants staying in Finland for at least one year following immigration. Immigrants' use of public services and consumption are excluded from the analysis, due to data availability.


As a program that intersects with several different academic disciplines, a minor in Women's and Gender Studies (WGST) complements many of Gonzaga's majors. The 21-credit minor has three required courses and four electives. For the lower-division requirement, WGST students choose one of two introductory courses: The two other required courses are: • WGST 401-Feminist Thought/Gender Theory • WGST 499-Symposium in Women's and Gender Studies This three-course sequence is designed to train students to work with the concepts, methods, and theories of feminist/gender studies scholarship and apply them toward understanding problems created by gender inequality. WGST students are encouraged to develop models of gender justice and work toward realizing them. The program currently offers stand-alone and cross-listed courses in many different disciplines. Faculty members trained in feminist scholarship and pedagogy teach every course, and they seek to create a community of learners in which both professors and students take responsibility for the educational experience. Beyond the classroom, WGST students and faculty have organized events, such as a pop culture lecture series and " Take a Stand, " a dramatic production featuring stories about sexual violence written and performed by students. In addition, the program sponsors films, discussions, and social events. The program also annually publishes The Fringe, a collection of essays, art, poetry, and photography. OUTCOMES Students participating in WGST courses contribute their ideas and talents inside and outside of the classroom. Service-learning opportunities allow students to bring theory and practice together. The skills developed in WGST courses are applicable to many careers. Recent graduates are pursuing a multitude of interesting experiences: • studying overseas as a Fulbright Scholar • working for the Peace Corps in Africa • pursuing a law degree at Georgetown • working in community outreach for women's health education • serving on the staff of a U.S. Senator • volunteering with the Jesuit Volunteer Corps • coordinating volunteers in programs for troubled teens in the Pacific Northwest • testifying at the United Nations • studying culinary arts in San Diego • teaching with Teach for America Overall, the shared educational journey found in the WGST curriculum has inspired its graduates to fight for gender justice in a global society. Gonzaga's Women's and Gender Studies program is an inter-and multidisciplinary program that develops student capacity to understand the world through a range of theories and methodologies that includes gender as a central analytic component. The program seeks to: …


The ground state energy of one-dimensional two-component Fermi gas with the attractive δ-function interaction is fitted with a simple approximate function.


The Free Market Gospel * Promoting Business Values ?*Advertising Free Enterprise * Free Market ?'ducation' * Economic 'Education' in the 1970s * Exporting Free Market Education * Pro-Business Policies as Ideology * Disseminating Pro-Business Policies * Think Tanks Down Under * Economic Advisers * People's Capitalism * Shareholder Democracy * Fiddling with Kiddy Minds * Conclusion


The present article attempts to report the findings of a study to measure MIS in the school library. Developments in information technologies have been impacting upon educational Organizations. The conceptual dimensions of MIS identified on the basis of theory in management and library and information science. The term 'MIS' refers to a sense of application that something is better than something else. The study analyse the application of MIS in school library. This principles have been using management information systems to improve the efficiency of administrative services.


In this Brief Communication, we report a new finding on a Taylor–Couette flow in which the outer cylinder is stationary and the inner cylinder is accelerated linearly from rest to a desired speed. The results show that when the acceleration (dRe/dt) is higher than a critical value of about 2.2 s−1, there exists a new flow regime in which the flow pattern shows remarkable resemblance to regular Taylor vortex flow but is of shorter wavelength. However, when the acceleration is lower than 2.2 s−1, a wavy flow is found to occur for the same Reynolds number range. To our knowledge, this is probably the first time that such a phenomenon has been observed. For completeness, the case of a decelerating cylinder is also investigated, and the results are found to be almost the same.


The study is focused on ICO, a new method of finance attraction to business by primary placement of digital financial instruments. The study provides the analysis of ICO advantages and disadvantages compared to the traditional financial instruments, as well as the prospects, restrictions and challenges related to application of the digital financial instruments. The conclusions on the abilities, restrictions and trends of application of digital instruments for financing business, by the real economy sector enterprises as well, taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian economy and legislation. It is shown that the main challenges of the digital financial instruments application are of economic character; they are caused by the lack of reasonable methods of asset evaluation and shortage of objective information. Keywords—Digital financial instruments; Blockchain; Initial coin offering (ICO); Business financing; Corporate finance


Biodegradation of volatile organic compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons and xenobiotic agents in the vapor phase is a promising new concept in well-head and end-of-pipe treatment which may have wide application where in-situ approaches are not feasible. The microbial degradation of the volatile organics can be carried out in vapor phase bioreactors which contain inert packing materials. Scale-up of these reactors from a bench scale to a pilot plant can best be achieved by the use of a predictive model, the success of which depends on accurate estimates of parameters defined in the model such as biodegradation kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients. The phenomena of hydrocarbon stress and injury may also affect performance of a vapor phase bioreactor. Batch kinetic studies on the biodegradation of toluene by P. Putida 54G will be compared to those obtained from continuous culture studies for both suspended and biofilm cultures of the same microorganism. These results will be compared to the activity of the P. putida 54G biofilm in a vapor phase bioreactor to evaluate the impact of hydrocarbon stress and injury on biodegradative processes.


The adsorption of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) on swelling clays was studied in its aqueous solution. The amounts of PVA adsorbed on swelling clays were measured by thermogravimetric and elementary analyses. The d(001) spacings of swelling clay minerals adsorbing PVA and containing water were measured by means of X-ray diffraction method. The amounts of PVA adsorbed on sodium montmorillonite, aluminum montmorillonite and synthetic mica were 0.53, 0.12 and 0.080g-PVA/g-Clay, respectively. The d(001) spacings of their clay minerals adsorbed PVA were 20.9, 15.0 and 13.9A, respectively. Because d(001) spacings of their clay minerals increased in proportion to the amount of PVA adsorbed, it was concluded that PVA adsorbed existed in the interlayer region. The d(001) spacings of sodium montmorillonite and aluminum montmorillonite containing 2m1-Water/g19A Clay of water were measured. The spacings were 64Afor the former and for the latter. On the other hand, synthetic mica containing water swelled hardly. A strong dependence was observed between the amount of adsorbed PVA and the d(001) spacings of clay minerals swollen by water. Therefore, it was concluded that the amount of PVA adsorbed on swelling clays depended on the degree of swelling. The amount of PVA adsorbed on saponite was 0.77g-PVA/g-Clay, which was the largest amount among the clays used in this study. This may be rationalized by the formation of card-house structure.


The delamination failure of laminated composites exhibits two distinct characteristics; (1) the corresponding failure strengths display considerable scatter, and (2) the morphologies of the fracture surfaces and the interlaminar strengths are dependent on the magnitude of the fiber orientation difference (abbreviated as FOD below) angle between the two adjacent plies of the interface. A variational solution technique is developed to determine the three-dimensional edge effect stresses around pin-loaded holes in symmetric laminated composites. The stress state around the holes is divided into two parts, one the in-plane stress state determined using the Classical Laminated Plate Theory (CLPT) and the other the boundary layer stress state arising from the edge effects which only exists in the vicinity of the holes. The equilibrium equations of boundary layer stress state with zeroth-order approximation are derived from a set of power expansions. Analytical solutions for the boundary layer stress state are then obtained by imposing zeroth-order stress functions on the variational principle of complementary energy. The developed variational solution technique is versatile, which can be used to calculate the edge effect stresses at straight free edges, curved free edges and pin-loaded hole edges with or without friction in laminated composites. An experimental investigation is conducted to study the effects of fiber orientations on the interlaminar shear (ILS) strengths of CYTEC ® G40-800/5276-1 graphite/epoxy laminated composites. The ILS strengths at the [straight theta]-interfaces ([straight theta] = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90), around which the two neighboring plies have a FOD angle [straight theta], are experimentally characterized using the modified double notch shear specimens with an elaborately designed layup. A stochastic simulation model is proposed in a phenomenological sense, in which the probabilistic dependence of ILS strengths on the FOD angles [straight theta] is simulated as a non-Gaussian nonstationary stochastic process within the bounded interval [0, s/2]. Two innovative delamination criteria in terms of quadratic and cubic polynomials in each case, are developed based on the Malmeister strength theory and Hashin assumption. The intent of the developed criteria is to include the effects of [straight theta]-dependent and directionally-dependent interlaminar strengths into the failure evaluation of laminated composites, as demonstrated by the experiments in the present thesis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


This research is motivated by a learning process that cannot be separated from the need for facilities and infrastructure. These needs will be fulfilled properly if the parents' economic situation is also good. With sufficient needs, it is hoped that the learning process can run smoothly, thus having an impact on learning achievement, one of which is ppkn. The purpose of this study was to determine the socioeconomic influence of parents on student learning achievement. The research was carried out at SMKS Ekatama Pekanbaru using the survey method. The results of the study were that there was a positive and significant socioeconomic influence of parents on the learning achievement of ppkn students of class XI SMKS Ekatama Pekanbaru by 19.2%. Then the f test obtained Fhitung of 7,109 and ftabel 4.17 which showed that Fhitung ≥ ftabel, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted which means that variable X affects variable Y.


This paper is experimental study to inspect effects of problem solving ability and programming interest using Pico Cricket of the educational robot. The programming learning which is regarded as the very core of information subject improves problem solving ability. But the programming teaming does not display the effects properly, because the programming learning studies a grammar manual. The educational robot has the advantage to approach the programming learning easily for containing entertainment. The Pico Cricket of the educational robot has the advantage not to induce competition but to compose a cooperative learning environment. Also, the Pico Cricket is able to be had interest of programming learning to girl students, because the Pico Cricket is able to suggest life-centered and cooperative contents which girl students like. Accordingly, This paper is study which the programming learning using Pico Cricket affects the problem solving ability and programming interest and men and women's comparison study.


There is huge requirement for image retrieval technique which can retrieve similar image from available database. This algorithm comes under computer vision task. In this proposed method we used combination of 2 different techniques to get robust results and improvement in accuracy. The retrieval of people images that comes under minority is an important task for government and private organization as it is a difficult task if we do it manually. In this combination we used color image histogram and with it we used edge orientation histogram. The first step of the project is divide image into sub-blocks. The final feature vector obtained is combination of both features provided by the 2 techniques. The feature vector obtained for query image is compared with available database feature vectors with the help of Canberra Distance. Proposed work is designed for minority image database which is obtained from internet source. Proposed work focus on some important features of an image such as color, shape, texture and image orientation. Proposed design is compared with many states of art techniques to show the improvement in it.


: This paper illustrates factors influencing the intention to retire amongst women employees. It adopts correlational type research that utilises quantitative research method to collect data to address the research objectives. This paper highlights the work and non–work related factors that influence the women employee's intention to retire. In addition, this paper also provides information on the moderating effect of employee's personal and job characteristics on the relationship between work and non –work related factors and intention to retire. The outcome of this study will be useful for practitioners to formulate more effective strategies in managing retirement among women, which crucial for their individual and organisational performance. In addition, it also enhances further the knowledge of academicians in the field of retirement, because serious attention is needed on this area due to tremendous increment of women proportion in the labour force worldwide.


Effects of coadministration of probenecid on pharmacokinetic behaviors of famotidine, an H2‐receptor antagonist, after oral administration, were studied in eight young, healthy volunteers. They received an oral 20 mg dose of famotidine with and without coadministration of oral 1500 mg doses of probenecid. The mean area under the serum famotidine concentration‐time curve up to 10 hours was increased by coadministration of probenecid from 424 ±19 (SEM) to 76B ± 39 ng·hr/ml. The mean urinary excretion rate of unchanged famotidine, the mean amount of unchanged famotidine excreted in urine up to 24 hours and mean renal clearance were decreased by coadministration of probenecid. The mean tubular secretion clearance of famotidine was decreased from 196.2 ± 21.4 to 22.0 ± 4.2 ml/min. These data suggest that probenecid, which is a classical inhibitor of renal tubular secretion of organic anions, inhibits the renal tubular secretion of famotidine, which exists partly in a cationic form under physiological pH conditions.


PURPOSE: To obtain a galenical form containing β-2-mimetics in a solid carrier, more quickly exhibiting bronchodilation activity and its maximum effect and capable of perlingually and sublingually administrating. CONSTITUTION: Betha-2-mimetics is dissolved in a solvent such as ethyl alcohol to afford a mother solution. When diluting the mother solution, solvent amount is constantly retained in order to wholly make impregnation uniform. Then, the mother solution is impregnated into a solid carrier by using a propellant and forced drying air is passed through the mother solution and the impregnated solid carrier is dried at ≤30°C. Then, coating (coat-formed) type protecting and impregnating operation is carried out to provide the objective material. Salbutamol which may be freeze-dried is preferably used as the β-2-mimetics and impregnation is preferably carried out under nitrogen atmosphere. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


The reaction of yttrium or cerium nitrate and tetrachloro- or tetrabromocatecholate (X4Cat2- with X = Cl or Br) has afforded the compounds: (Et3NH)2[{Y(Cl4Cat)(H2O)2}2(-Cl4Cat)2]‧2MeOH‧2H2O (1-Cl)...


In this study, CYP2B‐immunoreactive protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the liver microsomes of leaping mullet. The purified cytochrome P450 (CYP) gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis having a Mr of 49,300 Da. Absolute absorption spectrum of the purified CYP showed a maximum at 417 nm and CO‐difference spectrum of dithionite‐reduced cytochrome P450 gave a peak at 450 nm. The purified CYP was found to be active in N‐demethylation of benzphetamine, erythromycin, and ethylmorphine, and O‐dealkylation of pentoxyresorufin in the reconstituted system. However, it was unable to catalyze O‐dealkylation of ethoxyresorufin, methoxyresorufin, benzyloxyresorufin, and hydroxylation of lauric acid and aniline. The purified CYP showed strong cross‐reactivity with anti‐sheep lung CYP2B, a homologue of CYP2B4. N‐terminal amino acid sequence of the mullet P450 had the highest degree of homology with CYP2Bs among the known CYPs. Spectral, electrophoretic, immunochemical, N‐terminal amino acid sequence, and biocatalytic properties of the purified CYP are most similar to those of mammalian cytochrome P4502B. All these data indicate that the purified CYP is certainly 2B‐like. In this study, we not only purified biocatalytically active CYP2B‐like protein from fish, but also demonstrated detailed functional properties of CYP2B‐like protein for the first time. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:284–298, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20239