Single crystalline sapphire wafers are used as a substrate for semiconductor and optoelectronic applications like gallium nitride-based LED light sources. In the optimization of the manufacturing chain, rotational grinding plays a mayor role by substituting the conventional lapping process in order to reduce cost intensive efforts in downstream polishing steps. Due the material properties of the sapphire and in particular its hardness of 9 on the Mohs Scale however, it is difficult to establish a stable finishing process. For this reason, the detection of in-process variables like the grinding temperature distribution in the contact zone between the wafer and the grinding wheel are of significant interest. On the one hand, the acquired data increase process understanding, enhancing grinding wheel and process development. On the other hand, real-time processing of the measurement data enables direct control of the process in order to achieve optimum stability. Within this paper, a novel chuck system for the measurement of contact zone temperatures is presented. The general behaviour of the realized system is examined in preliminary calibration tests and grinding tests are performed to prove the feasibility of the chuck system under common machining conditions.


Spin-forging press machine's body structure is a very important basic part, whose strength and stiffness influence the performance of the whole machine directly. The strength and stiffness of body structure are carried out by using the structural module of the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The max-stress and deformation value and regions are pointed out. Compared with the material mechanical property of frame, the result is quite accord with the design request. Through multiple finite element analysis, the empirical formula of body deformation with variation in load is acquired. The formula can provide theory foundation for structure design or remodeling of spin-forging press machine.


An experimental work was performed to study one of the major problems encountered in industry (i.e., pitting corrosion), which cost the industrial world billions of dollars every year. Stainless Steel 304L sheets were used in the present study, the main reason for using stainless steel is their corrosion resistance and it is the most widely used in process industries, but that is not always trouble free. It suffers localized attack in specific environments, which can lead to catastrophic unexpected failures. Resistance to pitting corrosion can be greatly increased by a cold working process called shot peening and polishing. The main objective of shot peening is to induce compressive stresses on the metal surface to operate the tensile stresses that lead to cracking, while the objective of the polishing is to make the surface very smooth and soft and that may induce the compressive stresses on the metal surface and eliminate the microscopic scratches during manufacturing processes. Shot peening and polishing can prevent or retard pitting and cracking, leading to economic saving as a result of longer equipment life. The experimental work is conducted to evaluate the effect of polishing and shot peening in preventing the initiation of pitting corrosion and cracking on the 304L stainless steel under the nitric acid and NaCl environments. The results obtained showed that shot peening and polishing can be beneficial in decreasing the pitting corrosion on stainless steel 304L, also the results showed that using the high quality polishing proved to be the best inhibiter for Stainless steel corrosion.


In this work we demonstrated how to utilise graphene platelets by melt compounding and solution mixing to develop polymer composites based on a commercial elastomer, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) which has inherently low stiffness and strength. The electrical volume resistivity decreased abruptly by several orders of magnitude at ~ 5.3 vol% in the case of composites made by solution mixing and at ~ 17 vol% for the melt-compounding composites, confirming the formation of conductive networks in the matrices. Nearly all the mechanical measurements for the solution-mixing composites except the fracture strain demonstrated higher improvements than those for the melt-compounding composites.


Minicomputers are quite useful for the acquisition and reduction of data from physical and biomedical research equipment. Minicomputers have become progressively less expensive and are now comparatively easily available for research investigators. At that point, the problem arises to interface minicomputers effectively to research equipment. This interfacing task became recently somewhat facilitated by specialized books and articles. Quite recently minicomputers were utilized for multiple ion detection in combined gas chromatography---mass spectrometry. A computer centered instrument for simultaneous measurements of absorption and fluorescence was also described quite recently. Finally, a computer system for the acquisition and analysis of temperature jump data was described. Although a Biomation 802 transient recorder was used as fast analog-to-digital converter by the latter authors, they utilized a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP 11/20-8k and a teletypewriter ASR-33 as equipment connected to the output of the Biomation 802. In this paper we will describe the use of a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP 8/e-8k minicomputer as active processor between the Biomation 802 and a Hazeltine 2000 CRT terminal, which is also connected to a Hazeltine dual tape cassette.


Interpersonal communication between parents and deaf children is needed in fostering positive behavior in children. The quality of the relationship that parents give to their children can determine the moral quality and personality of the child. This study aims to determine, describe how the interpersonal communication of parents who have deaf children can form positive behavior. The type of research used by the researcher is descriptive qualitative, the data source uses non-probability sampling with the sampling technique used is snowball sampling. The results of this study indicate that the 3 key-informants have different ways of teaching deaf children, but still produce positive behavior, deaf children become independent, openness between parents and children, self-confidence of deaf children in interacting with other individuals. built by parents produce positive behavior for children who are deaf. Not being able to use sign language is not one of the obstacles in teaching deaf children to communicate, with body movements and facial expressions as non-verbal language can still make children understand and balanced with verbal language such as using oral in communicating makes children can adapt to the community environment, and have positive behavior.


Grillparzer's comedy Weh dem, der lugt! not only caused considerable personal grief for its author at its failed premiere on March 6,1838, but has also occasioned some controversy as to its merits, its main theme(s), and its position within the author's oeuvre. Designating Weh dem, der lugt! as "untief" (91) in 1967, Gunter Schable further maintained: Dennoch wird diesem Lustspiel Grillparzers zu Recht die groste Geringfugigkeit unter seinen Stucken zugemessen. Es ist das Produkt der deutlich hervortretenden Absicht zu Lockerungsubungen, und es hat, mit Ausnahme seiner Sprache, mit den anderen Stucken erstaunlich wenig Gemeinsames. (90) In what amounts to a decisive refutation of Schable's position, Ruth Angress argued convincingly for the comedy's backward-looking face when she attempted to "shed new light on the theme, structure and aesthetic intention of Weh dem, der lugt!, largely through a comparison of this play with Ein treuer Diener seines Herrn on the one hand and the Medea trilogy, Das goldene Vlies, on the other" (335). Various other critics have also pointed out similarities with the earlier tragedies.2 Parallels to later tragedies that would constitute the "forward-looking face" of the comedy are also a point of dissension among critics. Birbaumer argued that "Weh dem, der lugt! stellt tatsachlich den Abschlus einer Schaffensperiode dar" (56), and more recently, Roe (1991) has faulted the comedy for "an absence of the psychological complexities that mark the characterization of Ottokar, Erny, Hero, Libussa, and Alphons" (208). Several commentators have nonetheless found correspondences between Weh dem, der lugt! and the later dramas Libussa, Ein Bruderzwist in Habsburg and Die Judin von Toledo. Beriger refers to the "Gegensatz von Ideal ... und Wirklichkeit" (109) as being fundamental to the comedy under analysis here,3 Libussa, and Ein Bruderzwist by outlining philosophical views held in common by Bishop Gregor in Weh dem, der lugt! and Emperor Rudolf II in Ein Bruderzwist (110).4 In Hock's analysis the Lustspiel promotes the same lesson as Libussa, i.e., "das Tun [hat] hoher zu gelten als die tatenlose Bewahrung unfruchtbarer Reinheit, sofern es namlich nicht im Dienst der Selbstsucht, sondern der liebe steht" (22). Bandet has maintained that Weh dem, der lugt! not only looks back to Sappho but also ahead to Libussa and Ein Bruderzwist in its treatment of language (164), while Jones sees a precedent for Die Judin in the implied lesson of the comedy that one can only be truthful after the successful integration of one's instincts and drives (44).5 Whereas these observations all have merit, to date the secondary literature has failed to recognize the full extent to which Weh dem, der lugt! looks ahead to the three posthumous plays mentioned above. In an examination of the status of Weh dem, der lugt! relative to the other dramas, two considerations stand out. First, according to a report by August von Littrow-Bischoff, Grillparzer, notoriously critical of his own works, regarded the comedy as one of his finest plays: "Denn er hielt gerade das Stuck, mit welchem er keinen Erfolg gehabt, fur eines der besten" (quoted in Bachmaier 690). And second, one should bear in mind the extended period of time over which he created his comedy. Sporadically working on it between 1820 and 1837, he completed the first three acts of Libussa and the first and part of the second act of Ein Bruderzwist and Diejudin during the same period. Moreover, in the "Stoffenverzeichnis" of 1826, an inventory of his then current literary projects, he included Weh dem, der lugt! among the titles of the three posthumous plays, indeed listing it in third position. Pornbacher remarked on this procedure: "Uberraschend ist zunachst, das Grillparzer sein Lustspiel innerhalb der Tragodienstoffe aufnotiert und nicht bei den Lustspielen" (52). Hence, in consideration of the fact that he was working on all four dramas during the same period, one would expect some cross-pollination among them, even though the playwright himself does not allude to any interdependence in his letters and diaries. …


This study was carried out to determine haulm forage capacity of some groundnut genotypes in Florispan, NC-7, Batem-5025) and one groundnut line (PI-355276) were studied. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. According to results of the study there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in green fodder yield (GFY, kg. ha), dry fodder yield (GFY, kg. ha), dry matter ratio (DMR, %), leaf/stem ratio (L/SR), dry pod yield (DPY, kg. ha) and haulm crude protein ratio (CPR, %) among the groundnut genotypes. Leaf dry matter ratio (%) and stem dry matter ratio (%) were also determined in this study. The highest green fodder yield (38760 kg. ha) and dry pod yield (3150 kg. ha) were obtained from PI-355276 line. The PI-355276 line also had the highest dry haulm yield, of 9320 kg. ha. The highest crude protein ratio was obtained in Batemand 12.19%, respectively. According to correlation analysis, there were significant relationships between forage matter (GFY and DFY) and dry pods yields of genotypes. Results of this study showed that PI-355276 line produced the highest forage and pod yields, and therefore it is suitable in Mediterranean conditions.


As more variable renewable energy sources are added to the grid, the role of hydropower as a reliable baseline and firming resource is growing more critical. However, the U.S hydropower fleet is not fully prepared to face modern issues such as cybersecurity threats. Hydropower accounts for 37% of U.S. utility-scale renewable electricity but is challenged by diverse infrastructure and legacy devices that predate modern security practices. While new cybersecurity solutions cannot simply be added to current hydropower generation and operation technologies, custom cybersecurity assessments can reveal system-specific threats and risk probabilities and identify mitigating enhancements.


Nanocrystalline (NC or nc) nickel has been pure nickel of submicron sizes. Nickel nanoparticles have potential application in magnetic drug delivery, magnetic and fluorescent tag in biology, hypothermic cancer therapy, contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, nano barcodes, and nano-metal inks for printing an ultrafine metal circuit pattern, chemical catalysts, electrically conducting polymers, battery materials, and nickel ceramic composites. These nanocrystals may be pure or alloys have prepared by many routes based on state of usage i.e. either an emulsion form or thin deposition or a surfacing for instant protection. Nanocrystals have a limiting range of size, above which it obeys Hall - Petch relation where as below the range it does not obey Hall - Petch relation. The high density of grain boundaries sometimes have referred the facts have totally dealt by grain boundary activities while for other conditions it has been collective grain phenomenon. Exceptionally high coercivity, strength and alloys to form composite nanocrystals/amorphous duplex structure have raised industrial interest for example high density magnetic recording media for compositions of high coercivity. Transitions of nanocrystalline with amorphous structures have produced composite properties. The strategies of development have showed composite structure to totally amorphous compositions. The context have some metallic glass discussions to understand the chronology of changes and technical view points with reference to crystal to glass transition in pure nickel and nickel base alloys.


Recent observational results provide possible evidence that binary black holes (BBHs) exist in the center of giant galaxies and may merge to form a supermassive black hole in the process of their evolution. We first detected a periodic flux variation on a cycle of 93 ± 1 days from the 3 mm monitor observations of a giant elliptical galaxy 3C 66B for which an orbital motion with a period of 1.05 ± 0.03 yr had been already observed. The detected signal period being shorter than the orbital period can be explained by taking into consideration the Doppler-shifted modulation due to the orbital motion of a BBH. Assuming that the BBH has a circular orbit and that the jet axis is parallel to the binary angular momentum, our observational results demonstrate the presence of a very close BBH that has a binary orbit with an orbital period of 1.05 ± 0.03 yr, an orbital radius of (3.9 ± 1.0) × 10−3 pc, an orbital separation of (6.1+1.0−0.9) × 10−3 pc, a larger black hole mass of (1.2+0.5−0.2) × 109 M☉, and a smaller black hole mass of (7.0+4.7−6.4) × 108 M☉. The BBH decay time of (5.1+60.5−2.5) × 102 yr provides evidence for the occurrence of black hole mergers. This Letter will demonstrate the interesting possibility of black hole collisions to form a supermassive black hole in the process of evolution, one of the most spectacular natural phenomena in the universe.


The discussion in this paper focuses on the possibilities a user can expect from a historical dictionazy. The examples used for demonstration are from the current historical dictionary project at the Institute ofLexicography at the University of!celand. The archives are already in use for various forms of research, although the dictionazy project is still in progress. The computerized data available to users will be discussed, and its use in research on the changes in Icelandic vocabulary, inflectional and derivational morphology, and syntax, as well as in research on the modem language.


PURPOSE: To manufacture a hollow body with a smooth surface by placing a bag- like body made of a soft material covered with a fiber-reinforced material into an outer mold after being filled with a liquid or a granular solid and injecting a liquid resin between the outer mold and the bag body to harden. CONSTITUTION: A bag-like body 1 made of a soft material such as soft synthetic resin rubber having the outer shape identical to the inner shape of a desired relatively thick fiber-reinforced resin hollow body (FRP hollow body) is therein 2 provided with a valve-equipped liquid feed/drain pipe 3 to feed and discharge liquid such as water and covered on the outer surface with a fiber-reinforced body 5. The bag body 1 is placed into a separated outer mold and after a plurality of separated molds are combined together, a liquid resin is injected through holes 7 provided on the outer mold 6 until the fiber-reinforced body is impregnated therewith enough to eliminate the voids thereof. The resin is hardened with a certain pressure to be given on the liquid to produce a FRP hollow body. COPYRIGHT: (C)1980,JPO&Japio


This semiconductor wafer manufacturing method involves carrying out: a rough polishing step (S5) in which both sides of a semiconductor wafer are roughly polished; a mirror chamfering polishing step (S7) in which a chamfered section of the roughly-polished semiconductor wafer is polished to a mirror finish; and a mirror finishing and polishing step (S9) in which the front or both sides of the mirror-chamfered semiconductor wafer are polished to a mirror finish. The semiconductor wafer manufacturing method is characterized in that after the mirror chamfering polishing step, the mirror finishing and polishing step is carried out after a step (S8) in which an oxide film is formed over the entire surface of the semiconductor wafer has been carried out.


Dispatching rules are most commonly used to solve scheduling problems under dynamic conditions. Since designing new dispatching rules is a time-consuming process, it can be automated by using various machine learning and evolutionary computation methods. In previous research, genetic programming has been the most commonly used method for automatically designing new dispatching rules. However, there are many other evolutionary methods that use representations other than genetic programming that can be used to create dispatching rules. Some, such as gene expression programming, have already been used successfully, while others, such as Cartesian genetic programming or grammatical evolution, have not yet been used to generate dispatching rules. In this paper, six different methods (genetic programming, gene expression programming, Cartesian genetic programming, grammatical evolution, stack representation, and analytic programming) for generating dispatching rules for the unrelated machines environment are tested and the results for various scheduling criteria are analysed. It is also analysed how different individual sizes in the tested methods affect the performance and average size of the generated dispatching rules. The results show that, with the exception of grammatical evolution and analytic programming, all tested methods perform quite similarly, with results depending on the selected scheduling criterion. The results also show that Cartesian genetic programming is the most resistant to the occurrence of bloat and evolves dispatching rules with the smallest average size.


This study aims to analyze the relationship between the intention to exchange luxury
technological products (smartphones) and the variables dependent on product obsolescence,
advertising influence, brand image and means of payment. In order to base the theoretical bases
of this study, a literature review was carried out on the market and technological product of
luxury, with the inclusion of dependent variables. This research is a descriptive and explanatory
work, with a quantitative approach. The sample consists of 290 respondents, who sought to
answer the causes that encourage them to want to exchange their non-obsolete luxury electronic
products for new smartphones, and the research questionnaire is based on several works. The
collection of data was carried out through the application of structured surveys questionnaires,
with a seven-point concordance scale. The analysis and the diagnosis of the quantitative data
were done through tables and the use of the statistical program SPSS. The results show the
obsolescence of the product and the means of payment as the causes pointed out by the
interviewees as factors that encourage them to want to exchange their non-obsolete
technological luxury products with other new smartphones. The influence of advertising and
brand image, however, did not have sufficient significance to encourage consumers interviewed
to want to exchange their non-obsolete smartphone with a new smartphone.


The Internet is evolving not only to provide information and e-commerce transactions, but also to act as the platform through which services are delivered to businesses and customers. These electronic services or e-services could become a key part of the value provided by many businesses [2, 5, 10]. At the core of this evolution is Extensible Markup Language (XML), which has emerged as the foundation of all architectures suggested for such services. XML simplifies the exchange of information by letting users define their own syntax and use underlying technologies of the Internet. However, while organizations can define XML syntax to solve their specific problems, the multitude of syntax (schemas) creates incompatibility problems with schemas developed by others. This is one of the reasons why major organizations are creating business-to-business (B2B) XML framework standards to enable interoperability. To overcome these problems, efforts are underway to develop standards for e-services including eCo by a consortium led by CommerceNet; RosettaNet by a consortium that includes IBM, Microsoft, EDS, SAP, Cisco systems, Compaq and Intel; BizTalk by Microsoft; e-speak by Hewlett Packard (HP), and several others. Since these B2B interoperability standards are likely to be very important in the way businesses interact with each other in the future, an overview of these standardization efforts is certain to be of considerable importance to the IS community. This article describes the components (core modules of platforms for linking Internet-based service providers) of e-services and compares popular B-to-B e-commerce frameworks based on their support for e-service components.


In this article we will present an inventory of private archives on migration in the Netherlands. Our aim is not to provide a complete and in-depth outline, but to give a comprehensive representation of private archives on migration in the Netherlands. First we will problematise the concept of private archives and present our definition. After that we will distinguish different types of private collections. Subsequently, we will give a brief presentation of the different immigrant groups in the Netherlands since the 19 century and the different locations (sites) of private archives. This section will conclude with various examples of initiatives designed for the preservation of cultural heritage. Finally, the last section of this article will contain concluding remarks and recommendations for future research.


The present research on enterprise innovation ability lacks preciseness in logic and criterion in science. This paper seriously discusses the concepts of " Enterprise ability" and " Innovation ability" from the concept of " ability". Based on this, it puts forward the definition of " Enterprise innovation ability", then from the Evolutionary economics and the view of structure composition of the enterprise innovation ability, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism of the enterprise innovation ability, and proposes several points of corresponding cultivation countermeasures with emphasis.


The correlated jamming channel is one in which the encoder uses a Gaussian codebook and the interference in the channel is generated by a jammer who can input noise which is correlated with the transmitted codeword. In this paper we look at this problem from the perspective of arbitrarily varying channels (AVCs), in which additive interference is controlled by a jammer. The jammer in our Gaussian AVC variant is allowed to base its interference based on a noisy version of the entire transmitted codeword. Under randomized coding, we find the capacity of this model. Our formula specializes to recover other results on coding for the Gaussian AVC.


Antioxidants are compounds that can delay, retard or inhibit the oxidation reaction. Lignin is a natural polymer consisting of monomeric substituted phenols. Wood lignin degradation Kalba ( Albizia falcataria ) yields substituted phenol. The purpose of this study was to test the antioxidant activity of compounds of lignin degradation products Kalba using TBA (Thiobarbituric Acid). Wood lignin degradation products Kalba tested antioxidant activity using the TBA method. Phase test phase of this antioxidant activity is sample preparation, determination of the maximum wavelength, determination of equilibrium time, absorbance measurements and determination of the percentage of inhibition. The wavelength maximum for BHT test solution was obtained at 530 nm. The stability of absorbance achieved after 80 minutes equilibrium time. BHT test solution and sample solution containing the degradation of lignin 0.10% (w/v) increased but not as sharp as the absorbance of control, this suggests that the degradation of wood lignin Kalba have activity as an antioxidant, which relative minimize 13,70 % compare with BHT.


In this paper, we propose an efficient method to produce content-sensitive superpixels. Our method produces regular superpixels in relatively homogeneous regions and captures object boundaries in content-dense regions. Compared with the existing content-sensitive superpixel methods, a new adaptive regrowth strategy with an explicit boundary constraint is proposed. The boundary constraint limits the shapes and the sizes of superpixels to ensure semantic consistency. The adaptive regrowth strategy generates more superpixels to capture small objects in content-dense regions. Experiments on the BSDS500 benchmark show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art superpixel methods in terms of content sensitivity and several standard evaluation metrics.


There is a view about animal phantasia in the Stoics which has the best possible credentials', and is likely to become an orthodoxy. And yet I hope that somehow it can be resisted, because if it is true, I believe the Stoics will be in deep trouble, while if it is false they will be in the clear. According to this view, animal phantasia is rudimentary. It is not propositional in form. Its closest analogue is perhaps Plato's account of the senses in Theaetetus 184D-187B. The soul uses the senses, according to Plato here, for perceiving such qualities as whiteness, but cannot use them for hitting on something's being the case (ousia) or the truth (aletheia). If this is all that phantasia supplies to animals, on Stoic theory, how can we explain all that they do in the world? Typically, an animal that follows a scent does not merely perceive the scent in isolation, but perceives it as lying in a certain direction, and otherwise would not go in the right direction for it. But this already involves predication: the scent is connected with a direction. We can put this by saying that the animal has the perceptual appearance that the scent comes from that direction, or the perceptual appearance of it as coming from there (these are not sharply distinguished by the Stoics). I shall describe such appearances as propositional, meaning no more than that one thing is predicated of another. I have argued elsewhere2 that the narrowing of perception posed no problem for Plato, because he did not, on the whole, deny animals doxa, belief. Even in


Responding to the rapid spread of the Ghost Dance among tribes of the western United States in the early 1890s, James Mooney set out to describe and understand the phenomenon. He visited Wovoka, the Ghost Dance prophet, at his home in Nevada and traced the progress of the Ghost Dance from place to place, describing the ritual and recording the distinctive song lyrics of seven separate tribes. His classic work (first published in 1896 and here reprinted in its entirety for the first time) includes succinct cultural and historical introductions to each of those tribal groups and depicts the Ghost Dance among the Sioux, the fears it raised of an Indian outbreak, and the military occupation of the Sioux reservations culminating in the tragedy at Wounded Knee. Seeking to demonstrate that the Ghost Dance was a legitimate religious movement, Mooney prefaced his study with a historical survey of comparable millenarian movements among other American Indian groups. In addition to his work on the Ghost Dance, James Mooney is best remembered for his extraordinarily detailed studies of the Cherokee Indians of the Southeast and the Kiowa and other tribes of the southern plains, and for his advocacy of American Indian religious freedom. Raymond J. DeMallie, director of the American Indian Studies Research Institute and a professor of anthropology at Indiana University, has edited James R. Walker's Lakota Society (1982) andThe Sixth Grandfather: Black Elk's Teachings Given to John G. Neihardt (1984), both published by the University of Nebraska Press.


In this study, the fabrication of ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites is reported for the initial time. Two nanocomposites, ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide‐50 and ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide‐100, with different reduced graphene oxide contents (50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml initial graphene oxide concentration respectively) were synthesized via a hydrothermal route; and characterized with the aid of suitable characterization and analytical techniques. For comparative purposes, two pure ZnAl2O4 samples were fabricated by citrate sol‐gel and urea combustion methods. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized pure nanospinels and nanocomposites was studied for the degradation of rhodamine B dye under ultraviolet–A light irradiation. Compared to pure ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles, ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites exhibited superior photocatalytic activity. The highest efficiency was observed for ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide‐100 composite, where; full degradation of rhodamine B occurred after 45 min. The enhancements of the photocatalytic performance of ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide composites were mainly attributed to unique electronic and surface properties of reduced graphene oxide.


Interferometric measurements on CO/sub 2/-laser-produced plasmas in a 250 kilogauss magnetic field show the development of a slender, well-behaved plasma column with an on-axis minimum suitable for refractive trapping of the laser beam. 3 refs., 4 figs.


Abstract This contribution gives a slight generalization of the elasticity theory from Dahl and Lagerwall (1984) to the case of compressible smectic layers. The flexoelectric vector fields are treated in detail, and new flexoelectric coefficients are defined, in such a way that the distinction between surface and volume effects is taken care of. The compressibility of the smectic layers enables some new flexoelectric effects, but unless there are anomalous coefficients in the free energy, these effects should be of negligible order compared to the ordinary flexoelectric effects.


The aim of this work was to experimentally investigate the effect of non-condensable gases on the thermal acoustic behavior of domestic refrigerators under dynamic conditions. To this end, an acrylic made filter dryer was installed in the system for a proper visualization of the refrigerant flow at the capillary inlet. An accelerometer was also installed at the evaporator inlet to capture vibrations/noise signals, caused by the refrigerant flow pattern at the inlet of the expansion device. During the experiments the energy consumption was measured with the system systematically doped with precise amounts of nitrogen. It has been found that the energy consumption increased up to 25.9%, when a mass fraction of 0.43% of N2 was added to the system. Moreover, it has been found that the energy consumption increases almost linearly with the N2 mass fraction. Pull-down tests were also carried out, showing a clear relationship between the N2 amount and the power and mass flow rate oscillations, soon after the compressor start-up, caused by the unbalance between the compressor and capillary tube mass flow rates. It could also be observed that the expansion noise increased when liquid was admitted in the capillary, due to the increased mass flow rate.


STUDIES of the coronary circulation by injections of drugs, embolizing particles or radio-opaque materials into the coronary arteries until recently have necessitated a choice between opening the chest for direct injections, and indirect injection through a catheter into the vicinity of the coronary ostia without opening the chest. The advantages of both approaches could be combined, and their disadvantages circumvented, by a method which permits direct catheterization of individual coronary arterial branches without opening the chest. Such a method was developed in this laboratory during the summer of 1955. Since this time several preliminary reports" have been presented and two papershave been published upon results obtained with this ' technic. Similar efforts have recently been reported by others."" We shall describe our procedures and present representative examples of some of the results.


The cultural visibility in Western Europe of female perpetrators outweighs their historical significance, and this essay deploys queer theory in order to account for this imbalance. Focusing on the spectacle of female perpetrators such as Irma Grese and Ilse Koch, the discussion utilises Judith Halberstam's concept of female masculinity. Critics have often pointed to the way in which the Allied media focused on what was seen to be a pathological atavism in characters such as Koch and Grese, but this essay argues that an inability to read these figures outside of the construction of masculine traits allows for a simplistic reading of their crimes: that these were just errant and 'odd' women. The essay then goes on to examine the representation of female perpetrators in the Bernhard Schlink's novel The Reader, and subsequent film, and Oliver Storz's film Gegen Ende der Nacht [Toward the End of the Night]. These films and novel draw on the figures of Koch and Grese, and engage in gender readings of their life and behaviour. The essay then turns to the less well-known and contrasting female perpetrators, such as Johanna Langefeld. Whereas the trials in West Germany brought notoriety to female perpetrators, in East Germany such women were often deemed to have been incapable of such crimes.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of untreated sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) on glycemic control, evaluated by HbA1c, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).


Foraging behaviour of Stone's sheep (Ovis dalli stonei) was compared between different times of the year and between burned and unburned ranges. Seasonal habitat selection resulted in the sheep feeding on the ranges which provided the highest quality available forage. In winter, snow severely restricted the area that provided available forage. Sheep fed primarily on grasses, although forbs and browse were also important foods in the spring and summer. Plant species selected by the sheep in summer were not higher in protein or lower in acid detergent fiber than avoided species, but rather lacked the physical and chemical deterrents present in avoided plants. Intake rate (estimated from biting rate of ewes and foraging time) appeared to be independent of herbage quantity on spring ranges.


Our study was focused on low to medium radioactive sandstones of the Godula Formation of the external fl ysch zone of the Western Carpathians. It is widely known that concentrations of radioactive elements (K, U and Th ) in siliciclastic sediments are primary controlled by facies and mineral and chemical composition, which is largely influenced by their provenance. In the Godula Formation, K was found to be predominantly incorporated in some framework and accessory detritic minerals (K-feldspars, albite, mica, glauconite, illite). Main sources of U and Th were identified in heavy minerals, such as monazite and zircon. Variations of K, U and Th concentrations correspond to changes in modal composition of sandstones and indicate uplift and subsequent erosion of structurally deeper crustal parts of source area (Silesian Ridge). Significant increase of K, U and Th concentrations was observed near the boundary between the Middle and Upper Godula beds. Gamma-ray spectrometry could be used as good supplementary technique for discrimination of sandstones of these lithostratigraphical parts of the Godula Formation.


Medium voltage (MV) power devices require high isolation, high driving capability, high immunity to noise and small footprint for the gate driver. In this paper, the integrated auxiliary power supply and gate driver scheme are presented for the parallel operation of multiple 6.5 kV Si IGBT modules. A planar transformer (PT) using PCB-winding is fabricated to verify how the compact planar structure assists in achieving high voltage barrier, low volume without degrading parasitics. And the corresponding power transfer topology is introduced. In addition, a bipolar junction transistor totem pole (BJT-TP) array is elaborated to boost driving current combating the high junction charge. In the last part, the partial discharge (PD) performance is tested on the fabricated PT, and a double pulse test is demonstrated to verify the proposed analysis and design.


A new set of digital signal processing techniques for detecting changes in a speech signal is considered. The overall approach is called parametric filtering, and it yields several promising new diagnostics for speech analysis and segmentation including in particular, the demodulated lag-one autocorrelation /spl gamma//sub /spl theta//(/spl eta/), the time-correlation analysis plot, and the /spl gamma//sub /spl theta//(/spl eta/)-based distortion measures. Initial experiments described in this paper establish the potential significance of the parametric filtering method and these new diagnostics for speech analysis and segmentation.


Office of Inspector General FY 2016 Summary Statement (Dollars in Millions) Unobligated Unobligated Balance Balance Adjustments Obligations Enacted/ Available Available to Prior Year Actual/ Request Start of Year End of Year Accounts Transferred Estimates FY 2014 Appropriation $14.20 -$0.40 -$0.04 $0.08 $13.84 FY 2015 Estimate 14.43 0.40 14.83 FY 2016 Request 15.16 15.16 $ Change from FY 2015 Estimate $0.33 % Change from FY 2015 Estimate 2.2% Totals may not add due to rounding.


A differential algebraic nutrient-plankton-fish model with taxation, free fishing zone, protected zone and multiple delays is investigated in this paper. First, the conditions of existence and control of singularity induced bifurcation are given by regarding economic interest as bifurcation parameter. Meanwhile, the existence of Hopf bifurcations are investigated when migration rates, taxation and the cost per unit harvest are taken as bifurcation parameters respectively. Next, the local stability of the interior equilibrium, existence and properties of Hopf bifurcation are discussed in the different cases of five delays. Furthermore, the optimal tax policy is obtained by using Pontryagin's maximum principle. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate analytical results.


Very few bulls are "sterile" and unable to produce any offspring. But, 10% to 25% of bulls have reduced fertility or possess physical problems which reduce their ability to sire calves. The breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) is a useful tool in identifying these bulls. Eliminating bulls with physical problems or reduced fertility from the breeding herd will improve overall reproductive efficiency of the herd. A standardized procedure has been developed and refined during many years of use, along with research to validate the accuracy. The current standards were adopted in 1992. When this procedure is carefully followed the results are consistent for assorted breeds, locations and veterinarians. However, if shortcuts are taken from the standard procedure, the results are erratic and inconsistent. For example, if a veterinarian evaluates the semen only for sperm motility, the abnormalities of sperm morphology (shape) will be missed and this will result in a different and misclassification of the bull's fertility. It is critical that each step in the procedure be followed. It is also important to remember that the BSE is only a "snapshot" on that one day, and subsequent injury or illness may change the classification and fertility of the bull. A major problem in conducting BSEs on young bulls is the variability in their sexual maturity at the time of evaluation. Many bulls are initially evaluated by a BSE at 11 to 13 months of age, yet some bulls will not reach sexual maturity until 15 to16 months. Sexual maturity cannot be predicted entirely by body weight, or even by scrotal circumference. Some young bulls deemed not acceptable by the test at a young age may be satisfactory breeders if re-tested 1 to 3 months later. Approximately 75 days are required for the bull to produce semen. Sperm production requires about 60 days and an additional 15 days are required for transport through the system, during which further sperm maturation occurs. It is critical for the evaluating veterinarian to remain neutral between seller and buyer during the evaluation, even though it is often the seller who is paying for the BSE, prior to a sale. The evaluator cannot allow that source of payment to tilt the evaluation in favor of the seller, but must remain neutral and follow all the prescribed BSE procedures. Anything less is unfair to the buyer, who is expecting to purchase a bull that is ready to breed and who may put the bull in with females the day after purchase. Producers also need to recognize that a BSE does not evaluate a bull's breeding drive or ability. Other tests could be conducted for this type of evaluation, but they are involved and time consuming. If these tests are not conducted the producer should ensure that bulls, especially new ones, are observed during the breeding process and that they are interested and able to mount and inseminate females. This is another critical test. A BSE consists of three steps or parts: 1. A physical exam including the internal and external reproductive structures. 2. A measurement of scrotal circumference; 30 cm is the minimum acceptable size for even young bulls, and the size requirement increases with age. 3. Collection and evaluation of semen. At least 30% motility and 70% normal morphology are required as a minimal acceptable level. The standardized procedure of evaluation will result in a classification into one of three categories: a. "Satisfactory" potential breeder b. "Unsatisfactory" potential breeder c. "Classification Deferred" (with a recommended date for re-evaluation)


The paper deals with creation of optical interferential coatings, giving the possibility to form the wave front without the change of energy characteristics of the incident and reflected radiation. Correction is achieved due to the layer, which thickness is a function of coordinate of an optical element surface. Selection technique is suggested for refractive index materials, forming two-layer interference coating that creates a coating with a constant coefficient of reflection on the surface of the optical element. By this procedure the change of coefficient of reflection for the optical element surface, arising because of the variable thickness is eliminated. Magnesium oxide and zirconium dioxide were used as the film-forming materials. The paper presents experimentally obtained thickness distribution of the layer, which is a part of the phase compensating coating. A new class of optical coatings proposed in the paper can find its application for correcting the form of a wave front.


ABSTRACT Faced with low numbers of women in national legislatures, election observers would be expected to recommend action for improving equal representation. With data from nearly 100 election observation reports of the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, this article explores how frequently and how strongly observers recommended taking measures to improve participation of women candidates in national legislative elections. It was found that the number of such recommendations has grown over the past decade, but with a tendency to use weak language. In examining these recommendations, this article argues that observers should be more consistent and insistent in promoting equal opportunities for women candidates.


[Objective] To choose the most suitable induced melon Huangzuixian leaves callus and adventitious bud medium,and suitable for the adventitious bud elongation and rooting medium.[Method] With melon Huangzuixian seed as the materials,cotyledon as explants,adding different concentration of BA and IAA hormone combination of the MS medium on the callus and adventitious bud induction,adventitious bud elongation and the effects of adding different concentration IBA hormone combination of the MS culture medium on the rooting effect were studied.[Result] The most suitable induced melon Huangzuixian leaves callus culture medium is MS + 0.5 mg/L BA + 2.0 mg/L IAA and MS + 1.0 mg/L BA + 2.0 mg/L IAA,the most suitable for its cotyledon adventitious bud induction medium is MS + 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L IAA,adventitious bud elongation of the most suitable medium is MS + 1.0 mg/L IAA rooted appropriate medium is 1/2 MS + 1.0 mg/L IBA.[Conclusion] A culture medium which is suitable for melon Huangzuixian leaves regeneration system was selected.


Researching the problem of unmanned aerial vehicle( UAV) take-off and landing under complex environment. Based on the power spectral density of airport runway,the paper derived the non-stationary random excitations when the unmanned aerial vehicle taxied in different airport runway. To establish the mathematical model of a UAN's landing gear,a landing gear structure dynamic equation was given. To take the non-stationary random excitations into consideration and to adopt the pseudo-excitation method,the dynamic response analysis of a landing gear structure was analyzed. By an example,under the conditions of considering different speeds and different grades runway,displacement response power spectral density and standard deviation of the landing gear structure were calculated,which can provide the basis for optimization design of UAV landing gear structure.


In credit risk analysis, survival models with fixed and time-varying covariates are widely used to predict a borrower's time-to-event. When the time-varying drivers are endogenous, modelling jointly the evolution of the survival time and the endogenous covariates is the most appropriate approach, also known as the joint model for longitudinal and survival data. In addition to the temporal component, credit risk models can be enhanced when including borrowers' geographical information by considering spatial clustering and its variation over time. We propose the Spatio-Temporal Joint Model (STJM) to capture spatial and temporal effects and their interaction. This Bayesian hierarchical joint model reckons the survival effect of unobserved heterogeneity among borrowers located in the same region at a particular time. To estimate the STJM model for large datasets, we consider the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) methodology. We apply the STJM to predict the time to full prepayment on a large dataset of 57,258 US mortgage borrowers with more than 2.5 million observations. Empirical results indicate that including spatial effects consistently improves the performance of the joint model. However, the gains are less definitive when we additionally include spatio-temporal interactions.


A recently introduced concept of complexity for relativistic fluids is extended to the vacuum solutions represented by the Bondi metric. A complexity hierarchy is established, ranging from the Minkowski spacetime (the simplest one) to gravitationally radiating systems (the more complex). Particularly interesting is the possibility to differentiate between natural non--radiative (NNRS) and non--natural non--radiative (NNNRS) systems, the latter appearing to be simpler than the former. The relationship between vorticity and the degree of complexity is stressed.


Breast cancer is one of the most feared human illnesses. RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T cells expressed and secreted), is a chemokine which is produced by several tumor cells including breast cancer cells. IL-8 is a member of the CXC chemokine family. A tumor promoting role of IL-8 has been proposed in a wide variety of human solid tumors including breast cancer. The aim of the present work is to estimate levels of RANTES and IL-8 in breast cancer patients with and without distant metastasis and to correlate their levels in liver and other organs with metastasis to those without metastasis and healthy controls. The study was carried out on 70 subjects, they were divided into 3 groups: group A (25 breast cancer patients without distant metastasis), group B (25 breast cancer patients with distant metastasis) and group C (20 healthy controls). All subjects were submitted to full history taking, clinical, radiological examinations and measurements of serum RANTES and IL-8. Regarding RANTES, the results showed, a significant difference between control group and group A and also between control group and group B (P< 0.001), while there was no significant difference between group A and group B (P>0.05). In group A and B, RANTES showed no significant difference between those with loco regional lymph nodes and liver metastasis when compared with those without loco regional lymph nodes and liver metastasis respectively. On the other hand, IL-8 showed a significant difference between control group and group A, between control group and group B and also between group A and group B (P<0.001). In group B, the mean value of IL-8 among those with liver metastasis was significantly higher than those without liver metastasis. Similarly, in group A, in patients with loco regional lymph nodes metastasis when compared to patients without loco regional lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: IL-8 may be a useful marker in monitoring metastatic breast cancer and with other tumor markers as CEA and CA15-3 it can be a useful indicator of metastatic breast cancer, while RANTES can't be used in monitoring breast cancer progression and degree of metastasis, possibly because of its increase in other malignancies and inflammatory diseases.


DISCUSSIONS of the literature of the nineties centering up on the fin de Steele movement too often bog down in such questions as What was the Decadence? What were its ori gins? What were its common denominators? Was it a literary move ment compounded of pre-Raphaelite beliefs modified by French ideas of Part four Part and Naturalism, or was it sui generis? It is the conten tion of this essay that such questions, vital as they are to the literary his torian, must wait upon an answer to the prior question of how the exotic attitudes of the Decadence managed to find a public forum. J. Lewis May's memoir, John Lane and the Nineties, proposes an in teresting line of investigation:


Objective To investigate the roles of interleuldn (IL)-17,IL-10,and matrix metalloproteinase12 (MMP-12) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and further to understand the intervention mechanism of atorvastatin for atherosclerosis.Methods Eighteen Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:control,model and intervention groups (n =6 in each group).The control group,model group and intervention group were fed basic diet,high-fat diet,and high-fat diet plus atorvastatin (5 mg/(kg·d),respectively for 12 weeks.The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were determined by enzymatic colorimetric method; the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by selective precipitation method; the levels of IL-17,IL-10,and MMP-12 were measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the pathological morphology changes of atherosclerotic plaque was observe by HE staining; and the thickness of the intima,intima/media ratio,plaque area,and plaque proportion were calculated by image analysis software.Results The expression levels of serum TC,TG,LDL-C,and IL-17,as well as those of IL-17 and MMP-12 of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the model group (all P 〈0.05),but they were still higher than the control group (all P 〈0.05),while there was no significant difference in the level of HDL-C.The level of serum IL-10 of the intervention group was higher than that of the model group and the control group (all P〈0.05).The thickness of intima,intima/media ratio,plaque area,and plaque proportion of the intervention group were all significantly lower than those of the model group (all P 〈0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the plaque proportion was significantly positively correlated with IL-17 (r =0.847,P =0.001) and MMP-12 (r =0.839,P =0.001),and was negatively correlated with IL-10 (r =0.794,P =0.002); IL-17 was significantly positively correlated with MMP-12 (r =0.709,P=0.001),and was significantly negatively correlated with IL-10 (r =0.738,P〈0.001).MMP-12 was significantly negatively correlated with IL-10 (r =0.563,P =0.015).Conclusion The increased levels of IL-17 and MMP-12,as well as the decreased level of IL-10 illustrate that inflammatory factors play an important pathological role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.In addition to lipid-lowering effect,atorvastatin may decrease the degree of chronic arterial inflammatory response and play a role in anti-atherosclerosis by decreasing the expression of IL-17 and MMP-12,as well as increasing the expression of IL-10.

Key words:
Atherosclerosis;  Aorta;  Interleukin-10;  Interleukin-17;  Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; Inflammation;  Hypercholesterolemia;  Rabbits


The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of sex role orientation to indices of psychological well-being among 113 Black multiple-role working women. Analyses revealed significant differences among the four sex-typed groups on self-esteem and depression. The sex-typed group had significantly higher depression and lower self-esteem scores than the androgynous group. The undifferentiated group had significantly higher depression and lower self-esteem scores when compared with the androgynous and cross-typed groups. There were no significant differences between the four sex-typed groups on role conflict or life satisfaction. Further research is needed to understand how different sex role orientations support different roles that Black women occupy.


Objective
To investigate the effects of soybean isoflavone(SI) regulating plasma lipid and improving antioxidant ability in diabetic rats.

Methods
120 SD rats were randomly devided into a normal group, a diabetes model group, a SI 40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg treated group, with 20 expermental animals in each group. Expect the normal group, the diabetic model was setup by intraperitoneal injecting STZ, and the drugs were given by intraperitoneal injection. At 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 days after experiment, the level of plasma glucose were determined. 8 weeks later, the content of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, the activity of AST, CK, LDH and the T-AOC in serum were determined; the activity of SOD, GSH-Px and the content of MDA in myocardial tissue were determined; and the histopathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed by HE staining.

Results
Compared with the diabetes model control group, the activity of AST in serum of SI 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg treated groups were significantly decreased(104.25 ± 24.92 U/L, 93.71 ± 22.58 U/L, 88.26 ± 23.80 U/L vs. 127.65 ± 38.17 U/L; P<0.05, P<0.01), the activity of CK were significantly decreased (887.1 ± 185.4 U/L, 831.9 ± 182.8 U/L, 796.2 ± 165.8 U/L vs. 973.6 ± 211.4 U/L; P<0.05, P<0.01), the activity of LDH were significantly decreased (954.7 ± 153.5 U/L, 868.7 ± 136.2 U/L, 834.1 ± 146.3 U/L vs. 1 097.6 ± 184.2 U/L; P<0.05, P<0.01); the activity of SOD in myocardial tissue were significantly increased(9.96 ± 2.05 U/mg, 10.47 ± 2.32 U/mg, 11.06 ± 2.29 U/mg vs. 8.72 ± 1.70 U/mg; P<0.05, P<0.01), the content of MDA in myocardial tissue were significantly decreased(5.98 ± 1.35 nmol/mg, 5.47 ± 1.42 nmol/mg, 5.16 ± 1.53 nmol/mg vs. 6.58 ± 1.54 nmol/mg; P<0.05, P<0.01). The plasma glucose level of SI (160 and 320 mg/kg) treated groups were significantly decreased(15.2 ± 0.9 mmol/L, 14.8 ± 0.8 mmol/L vs. 18.6 ± 1.2 mmol/L; P<0.05, P<0.01), the content of TC in serum were significantly decreased (2.69 ± 0.85 mmol/L, 2.43 ± 0.76 mmol/L vs. 3.42 ± 0.81 mmol/L; P<0.05, P<0.01), the content of TG were significantly decreased (1.36 ± 0.40 mmol/L, 1.18 ± 0.23 mmol/L vs. 1.70 ± 0.53 mmol/L; P<0.05, P<0.01), the content of LDL-C were significantly decreased (1.02 ± 0.26 mmol/L, 0.95 ± 0.28 mmol/L vs. 1.18 ± 0.27 mmol/L; P<0.05), and the content of HDL-C were significantly increased (0.73 ± 0.20 mmol/L, 0.78 ± 0.22 mmol/L vs. 0.62 ± 0.14 mmol/L; P<0.05), the T-AOC was significantly increased (10.15 ± 2.76 U/L, 11.29 ± 3.47 U/L vs. 7.95 ± 2.26 U/L; P<0.05), and the activity of GSH-Px was significantly increased(13.79 ± 2.62 U/mg, 14.21 ± 2.87 U/mg vs. 11.90 ± 2.03 U/mg,P<0.05, P<0.01). The histopathological changes of myocardial tissue in SI 160 and 320 mg/kg treated groups were significantly improved.

Conclusions
SI could effectively lower the plasma glucose level and the blood lipid, improve antioxidant ability, improve antioxidant ability, reduce the damage of free radical, and inhibit the histopathological changes, which suggesting that SI had protective effects on diabetic rats.

Key words:
Soybean isoflavone; Diabetes; Regulating plasma lipid; Antioxidant


This study investigates the relation between firm characteristics and board composition in Australia for a sample of the same 432 listed firms in 2001 and 2007 and the impact of the Principles of Good Corporate Governance and Best Practice issued by the Australian Stock Exchange in 2003. Two feature of this regulation were (a) it recommended independent boards for all firms, without regard to firm characteristics (an approach commonly described as 'one size fits all') and (b) it allowed non-compliance through 'if not why not' reporting. Using various designations of independence and firm size subsamples we find for 'Top 100' firms in 2001 up to 49% (Adjusted R 48.8) of variation in board independence may be explained by firm characteristics, but generally the explanatory power was much lower. Evidence is provided that although more firms had majority independent boards the relation between board composition and firm characteristics may have weakened over the period. This highlights a potential concern that the regulation has imposed unnecessary costs or inappropriate governance mechanisms on Australian firms. JEL Classification:


Summary Forty-eight 3- and 4-year-old children performed a category item production task, two episodic study-recall tasks (one with pictures and replicas of common objects, the other with pictures of common actions), and an incidental recall task for objects on each of two occasions four months apart. Measures of spontaneous verbalizations, physical handling of stimuli, and visual attention paid to stimuli were obtained from videotaped recordings of the children's behaviors in each episodic study-recall task. Most of the overt study measures did not distinguish the age groups, and were not related to individual differences in recall. Object knowledge, measured by the category item production task, was a better predictor of developmental and individual differences in episodic recall. Results were discussed in reference to theoretical explanations of early improvements in verbal recall and the difficulties in examining such accounts in view of the lack of consistency of preschoolers' study and recall behaviors.


The wireless water resource supervisory control subsystem for WISCO is given in the paper by using CDMA network. The design details of the subsystem be discussed as follows: wireless network framework, up data transmission principle, wireless communication hardware configure and nuclear software implementation way. The subsystem in practical application test possesses own advantages in comparison with traditional supervising system. With the rapid development of CDMA technology, the wider application of the subsystem will be prospected.


Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, is the most common cause of respiratory tract diseases, including upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. Researchers worldwide have been working for decades to develop an RSV vaccine that is both safe and cost‐effective.


Restenosis limits the long-term success rate of Percutaneous Transluminal (Coronary) Angioplasty (PT(C)A) significantly. A relation between ruptures resulting from PT(C)A and restenosis has been suggested in literature. The authors developed a method to detect arterial lesions during the balloon inflation by measuring the pressure in the balloon. They state that a sudden drop in balloon pressure indicates an arterial rupture. Their preliminary results support this hypothesis in 92% of all cases. This method can be useful when investigating the relationship between modified PT(C)A procedures and occurrence of lesions.<<ETX>>


Aiming at leakage from the middle-outlet gate due to the pressurized sealing with poor effect in the initial operation period of Xihe Hydropower Station,issues on design and installation of waterstop for the middle-outlet service gate of Xihe Hydropower Station are objectively analyzed as well as scheme for rehabilitation of the waterstop for the middle-outlet service gate is provided.The sealing rehabilitation is proved successful through its operation.


The parallel performance of a cluster is often limited by performance compromises in conventional networks. This paper discusses the benefits of a more specialized networking approach and the resulting design of a low-cost, high-performance interconnect optimized specifically to enhance both the parallel performance and high-availability aspects of a cluster. This interconnect, Memory Channel Network for PCI, attaches to the industry-standard PCI bus found in most computers. The first-generation product, running on a standard Digital UNIX Cluster, provides cluster communication latency and overhead improvements of more than 50 and 1000 times respectively, compared to conventional networks.


When I was invited—as a senior scholar (!)—to write a reflection on my history studying BDSM for this special issue of Sexualities, I remembered attending a dinner about fifteen years ago to celebrate the publication of Charles Moser and Peggy J Kleinplatz's edited volume, Sadomasochism: Powerful Pleasures (2006). My chapter in that volume was my first real publication in the field, and so I was eager to celebrate—Charles Moser had generously invited me to submit work to their special issue in 2002, while I was still a graduate student finishing up several years of dissertation fieldwork on BDSM in the Bay Area (late one evening at the San Francisco Noe Valley munch, if my memory is correct). At one point over dinner, the conversation turned to the possibility of beginning a BDSM research network, to advance academic work on BDSM. At the time, I was rather jejune about the whole thing: I didn't want to be known as a "BDSM Researcher", I remember thinking; I wanted my research on BDSM to be about something larger—neoliberalism, sex politics, capitalism, white supremacy, patriarchy. I think back to this moment now, as Sexualities devotes a special issue to the field of BDSM studies—the field then, and the field now. In what follows, I draw


With the increasing for crane in the industrial production, its structural reliability has now been an important concept to guarantee stable performances. The structural safety for the traditional stochastic and probabilistic reliability method is both measured with the viewpoint of probability. But large crane structure with low fault rate is often unable to get necessary statistic data. The new developing crane also has not large amount of statistical data due to no precedent of use. Aiming to these problems, the reliability analysis based on possibility theory is supplied. The method abandons two value state hypotheses, and can avoid a large number of sample collection and the impact of human factors. Compared with the probability methods applied to the crane structure, the possibility reliability method is not only feasible, but also reduces the computational error.


This paper is divided into two major parts.The first part studies the pop culture according to the mass culture,analyzing and summing up the attribute,producing conditions and main characteristic of the prevailing culture,and thinks that just these attributes result to produce the interaction with advertisement.The second part analyzes about the interactive relation between popular culture and advertisement mainly,and the article advices the view that advertisement reflect culture of prevailing on one hand,playing a pushing away and helping role to prevailing culture mostly on the other hand.


The total ionizing dose response of ten bipolar transistor types has been measured using Co-60 gamma rays and 2.2 MeV electrons from exposure levels of 750, 1500, and 3000 Gy(Si). Gain measurements were made for a range of collector-emitter voltages and collector currents.


Blair et al. have been given a semiclassical form for the scattering amplitude describing a proton scattered by both a K-shell electron and by the nuclear plus Coulomb force of the target nucleus. This form is at variance with a recent experimental result of Duinker et al. We present both simple physical arguments and a detailed theoretical analysis which establish the conditions of validity of Blair's formula. We pay particular attention to the case of resonant nuclear scattering. We find that in the case of the experiment of Duinker et al., the Blair formula is expected to hold.


The article is devoted to problems of organizational and methodical process modeling of the entrepreneurial potential and business activity of students of educational institutions through the use of Smart-technologies. It is noted that the successful implementation of enterprise and business projects are the basis of economic development of society, with the main factor for the development of entrepreneurship in the country in the long term is to develop the entrepreneurial mindset of young people. Entrepreneurial younger generation reserve created for the period of study, will provide the subsequent decades of business operation, incomenot only to the owner, but also the composition of personnel of the company and, in general, the country. The specifics of perception of the new generation of knowledge, learning and the formation of professional skills is that their effectiveness depends, sometimes completely determined by the degree of use of information and communication technologies, not only in the preparation and implementation of knowledge by the learners, but also in the work themselves teachers. Therefore, an effective and modern instrument for achieving the development goals of the business potential and business students to provide such forms of work with students, which would stimulate their interest in entrepreneurship through the active use of information technologies. The organizational and methodological training model and a set of measures aimed at developing the entrepreneurial potential and business activity of the young generation. To a large extent the elements of our model successfully implemented in REU them. GV Plekhanov at the Faculty of "Marketing Business School and Entrepreneurship", to carry out training business technologies in relevant areas of knowledge for the information society and the modern state of the economy – business intelligence, innovation and creative business, crisis and risk management, technological Strategic Management (MBA program and a mini-MBA, retraining and refresher courses, professional orientation of varying lengths; trainings and workshops). The main purpose – to form students practical skills and competence for business management in modern conditions. The goal of the entrepreneurial potential and business activity of youth should help to improve the system of vocational guidance work with students, the creation of a continuous training system, the integration of general and further education for the development of entrepreneurship and business activity in the educational institutions of higher and secondary levels of education. A number of recommendations on the organization of professional space ICT teacher and the use of various forms of work with students in order to effectively transfer knowledge, determine their entrepreneurial potential, and the development of entrepreneurial activity. Modern professional space ICT teacher, especially in applications such areas as business training, should be focused on mutual transfer of technologies in an integrated chain: education - science - practice.


AMERICANS ARE OFTEN CONFRONTED with problems of language, values and customs when attempting to communicate with people in foreign countries. Yet the interests of the United States, humanitarian concern for othms, and promotion of world harmony necessitate that Americans learn how to gain acceptance for themselves and convey their messages to foreign peoples. To achieve these ends, a comprehensive research project was conducted at The American University. The sociopsychological method employed as the basis for the project is briefly described here. A very small portion of the data collected for Thailand is also presented to illustrate the kind of information obtainable by the research method. A psychologist, a social psychologist, sociologists, an historian and international relations scholars devised the research method. The problem was to 1) visualize the American's objectives, 2) select the audiences most susceptible to his objectives and, at the same time, most effective in taking action on those objectives, 3 ) reduce the number of ob-


Gold analyses of whole rock, mineral, and groundmass of seven calc-alkalic volcanic rocks (basalt to rhyolite) show that gold is less abundant in the dominant phenocrystic phases than in the whole rock; groundmass concentrations are also lower than whole rock. Crystal-liquid partition coefficients are <1 for plagioclase and hornblende, and about 1 for olivine, pyroxene, magnetite, and biotite. If only the principal phases are considered, the bulk gold partition coefficient is typically <1, yet gold seems to be depleted rather than enriched in many evolved magmas. A significant proportion of gold in these rocks is in neither the groundmass nor the dominant phenocrysts but instead is contained in tiny sulflde blebs that are found in these rocks. During crystallization the continual separation of a sulflde phase that concentrates gold is consistent with compatible gold behavior and petrography. Further data is needed to evaluate this hypothesis.


s International, 1978, 39, 754A. Reavis, C.A. Clinical supervision: A timely approach. Educational Leadership, 1976, 33, 360-363. Rife, F. Modification of student teacher behavior and its effect on pupil behavior. (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1973). Dissertations Abstract International, 1973, 34, 4844-A. (University Micro films No. 74-03 298). Rosenshine, B.V. Content, time, and direct instruction. In P.L. Peterson and H.J. Walberg (Eds.). Research on teaching. Berkeley, Calif.: McCutchan Pub. Co., 1979. Rule, S.A. Comparison of three different types of feedback on teachers' performance. In G. Semb (Ed.), Behavior analysis and education. Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1972. Sandergas, R.A. Setting criterion rates of teacher praise. The effects of video tape feedback in a behavior analy sis follow-through classroom. In G. Semb (Ed.), Behavior analysis and education. Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1972. Shuma, K.Y. Changes effected by a clinical supervisory relationship which emphasizes a helping relationship and a conference format made congruent with the establish ment and maintenance of this helping relationship. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 1973). Dissertation Abstracts International, 1973, 35, 729A. Siedentop, D.L. The Ohio State supervision research program summary report. Journal of Teaching Physical Education, Spring, 1981, Introductory Issue, 30-38. Siedentop, D. Developing teaching skills in physical education (2nd ed.). Palo Alto, Calif.: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1983. Siedentop, D., Tousignant, M. and Parker, M. Academic learntime-physical education 1982 Revision Manual. Columbus: School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, The Ohio State University, 1982. Simon, A.E. Analyzing educational platforms: A supervisory strategy. Educational Leadership, 1977, 34, 580-84. Skinner, B.F. About behaviorism. New York: Alfred Knopf, 1974.


We present a novel method for document clustering using sparse representation of documents in conjunction with spectral clustering. An ℓ1-norm optimization formulation is posed to learn the sparse representation of each document, allowing us to characterize the affinity between documents by considering the overall information instead of traditional pair wise similarities. This document affinity is encoded through a graph on which spectral clustering is performed. The decomposition into multiple subspaces allows documents to be part of a sub-group that shares a smaller set of similar vocabulary, thus allowing for cleaner clusters. Extensive experimental evaluations on two real-world datasets from Reuters-21578 and 20Newsgroup corpora show that our proposed method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms. Significantly, the performance improvement over other methods is prominent for this datasets.


We have investigated the magnetic-field-induced suppression of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) by using a time-resolved measurement technique at room temperature. The result manifested two distinctive time domains: the short-time domain where the observed voltage is insensitive to the magnetic fields, and the long-time domain where the both response time and the magnitude of the observed voltage decreased simultaneously by the magnetic fields. We estimated the magnon propagation length by fitting the transient LSSE response. The propagation length shows a strong dependence on the applied magnetic field, indicating the importance of long-range and low-frequency magnons in the LSSE.


Islam, the Western World, and their interaction have never been a more relevant topic than in recent years. The West has a need to create and utilize an "other" to understand itself. Since the Crusades, the West has utilized Islam and the East as that "other." Numerous groups in Islam have been used to create an "other" for the West. One of the most notable sects to be used for this purpose is the Nizari Isma'ilis, colloquially known as the Assassins. The Assassins were an eleventh through thirteenth century Islamic sect that was frequently mythologized in Western and Islamic literature. Although a significant and important society in the medieval Middle Eastern world, the Assassins were largely relegated to the realm of fantasy and myth through the stories that were told of the sect. Legendary stories of the sect began to appear in the West through the documents of Crusading individuals. These stories were collected and further fantasized and eventually the Assassins began to obtain a place of myth and legend in the Western mind. Western writers from the medieval period to the present day have presented the sect in a very negative and fantastical manner.


The invention provides a method for preparing a thermosetting composition which prevents the possibility of generating defects along with the curing of the composition. The method comprises a filling process of filling the composition which is contracted along with thermosetting into a forming die and a curing process of heating the forming die to cure the composition after the filling process, wherein the curing process comprises a step of raising temperature: raising the temperature of the composition which is subjected to the filling process by raising the temperature of the composition or combining the temperature raising and temperature maintenance; and a step of preventing separation: stopping the temperature raising of the composition after the temperature raising process to ensure that the composition is changed between the high temperature and the low temperature in a reciprocating mode from the temperature of the composition which is subjected to the temperature raising process to the temperature which reaches a temperature zone again of the composition which is subjected to the temperature raising process, so that the phenomenon that the composition is separated from the forming die because of the contraction of the composition caused along with the curing of the composition is avoided.


A past that clings and a sense of going back to old haunts are appropriate ways to describe Christos Tsiolkas' Dead Europe. Released in 2005 and recipient of both the Age fiction book of the year prize and the Melbourne Prize for literature (best writing award), the novel tells the story of Isaac Raftis, a Greek-Australian photographer in his mid-thirties who returns to Europe after a ten-year absence. Europe has changed since his last visit: the Berlin Wall has come down; community demographics have shifted with tides of migration; and American dollars (and child prostitutes) flood the marketplaces. Isaac travels from Australia to Greece, then through Italy, the Czech Republic, Germany, France, Holland and the UK. After wading kneedeep through blood, spew, shit, spit and semen, he returns home a changed man.


Key Points Question Is cannabidiol (CBD) therapy capable of reducing emotional exhaustion and burnout symptoms among frontline health care professionals working with patients with COVID-19? Findings In this randomized clinical trial of 120 frontline health care professionals, emotional exhaustion scores were reduced among participants receiving CBD plus standard care compared with those receiving standard care alone. Five participants who received CBD plus standard care experienced serious adverse events, with full recovery after discontinuation. Meaning The study's findings suggest that CBD may act as an effective agent for the reduction of emotional exhaustion and burnout symptoms among frontline health care professionals, although it is necessary to balance the benefits with potential undesired effects when making decisions regarding the use of CBD.


The effects of finite exposure time (used to record astronomical speckle data) on the speckle transfer function are shown to be highly dependent on the details of the atmospheric turbulence in the optical path as well as on the deterministic wavefront aberrations of the optical system. Both Taylor turbulence, where a frozen layer or layers are convected across the aperture, and Mintzer turbulence, where the turbulence is boiling and stationary, are taken into account. Computations have been made for some typical cases of the time integrated speckle transfer function for various combinations of Taylor and Mintzer turbulence with focused and defocused optical systems.


The voltages, resonant waves and frequencies how to influence on the ion energy distributions (IEDs) from multiple frequencies driven in capacitive discharges, it is important to analyze these phenomenon and mechanism in order to control the microelectronic processes of integrated circuit and develop the base theories of plasma physics. We focused on the function of the ion energy distributions under high and low frequencies (dual frequency) drive in capacitive discharges, we derived a model of computation of the multiple frequencies driven IEDs from analyzing theories. The model can analyze and predict the IEDs under different high and low frequencies driven, the results from the model are in good agreement with these important data from public publish.


Extending deposit-refund systems to smaller plastic bottles and cans can be socially beneficial. Further research will reveal whether the benefits of expanding into other disposable items outweigh the costs they entail. Extended producer responsibility (EPR) can increase the quality of waste and promote the demand for recycling through tariffs that address recyclability and environmental benefits.


In this paper, the effect of the cost of children on fertility rate is estimated in order to verify the hypothesis that the recent fertility decline in Japan was caused by the rise of the cost of children. As cost of children, two types of measures were used. One is the cost from the Rothbarth model of equivalence scale, and the other is the monthly expenditure for children (per child). Since the cost of children itself is an endogenous variable, instrument variable estimation was made. In the estimation where the number of children is used as the dependent variable, the cost of children showed statistically significant negative effects on fertility. Thus, as a policy implication, decreasing the cost of children is likely to affect the fertility rate positively. The examples for these policies are extension of the subsidies for education or for young children.


Peking Handicraft Latest Variety of New Pillows by Trina Turk featured at The Dallas Total Home & Gift Market, June 20-26, 2012


Researches show that innovations in Yangtze River Delta region provide main impetus to its economic growth. In view of cultural capital, this paper presents an analytical interpretation that the cultural capital is an important factor contributing to the ideological innovation, institutional innovation, technical innovation and the flow of essential factors. Under this hypothesis, the paper surveys the values in the regional culture of Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, and comes to the conclusion that the value expansion is common in Yangtze River Delta region. The paper ends with suggestions in order that cultural innovation in the Delta region be advanced, confidence in self be raised and competition in cultural area be strengthened.


Simple Summary Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) can be used in men with advanced prostate cancer. Unfortunately, this class of therapeutics has demonstrated the risk of developing hematological adverse events. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of several PARPi clinical trials to further evaluate the incidence of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia adverse events in prostate cancer patients. We found that this treatment is significantly associated with hematologic suppression. Further stratification suggests differences may exist between PARPis within this class of therapy. Abstract Background: Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are an important class of therapeutics for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Unlike hormone-based treatments for mCRPC, PARPis are not without drug-related hematological adverse events. Objective: To review the evidence on hematological toxicities, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia from PARPis in prostate cancer. Study Methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA guidelines was performed for phase II and III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PARPis in prostate cancer. PubMed, Embase, and Ovid All EBM reviews—Cochrane were queried from inception to 9 June 2023. The Mantel–Haenszel method was used to report risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-grade and high-grade anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia toxicities. Results: The systematic review retrieved eight phase II and III RCTs; specifically, eight were included in the anemia, five in the all-grade thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, and four in the high-grade thrombocytopenia and neutropenia outcomes. Compared to a placebo and/or other non-PARPi treatments, PARPi use was associated with an increased risk of all-grade anemia (RR, 3.37; 95% CI, 2.37–4.79; p < 0.00001), thrombocytopenia (RR, 4.54; 95% CI, 1.97–10.44; p = 0.0004), and neutropenia (RR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.60–6.03; p = 0.0008). High-grade anemia (RR, 6.94; 95% CI, 4.06–11.86; p < 0.00001) and thrombocytopenia (RR, 5.52; 95% CI, 2.80–10.88; p < 0.00001) were also associated with an increased risk, while high-grade neutropenia (RR, 3.63; 95% CI, 0.77–17.23; p = 0.10) showed no significant association. Subgroup stratification analyses showed differences in various all-grade and high-grade toxicities. Conclusion: PARPis were associated with an increased risk of hematological AEs. Future studies with more pooled RCTs will enhance this understanding and continue to inform patient–physician shared decision-making. Future studies may also have a role in improving the current management strategies for these AEs.


Salt toxicity cause a drastic reduction in green gram yield which plays a pivotal role in the human diet especially in vegetable-based society. With this respect, the destructive action from 50 to 350 mM NaCl and its recovery through phytohormones and heat-shock were evaluated on growth, biomolecules, and quality and quantity of DNA using advanced cost-effective and quick plant DNA extraction method. The salicylic acid (SA) 50 μM, indoleacetic acid (IAA) 100 μM, and gibberellic acid (GAᴣ) 100 μM were used as seed soaking (24 h) treatment before 40ºC heat-shock (1 h) then salt stress (144 h) applied on Vigna radiata (green gram) variety NM-92. The growth restraining impact of salt along with 40ºC was quite evident with enhancing NaCl concentrations. The utmost growth, and least malondialdehyde (8.76 μM gˉ¹ FW), proline (16.31 μM gˉ¹ FW), and hydrogen peroxide (7.01 μM gˉ¹ FW) were related to SA+30°C+NaCl 50 mM. While, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase maximum activities were associated with SA+30°C+NaCl 350 mM. The modified extraction method-2 yields high-quality DNA without liquid nitrogen, CTAB, Proteinase K, and prolong heating (65ºC). This method is ideal for the extraction of a large number of samples and storage for a year. DNA extraction results showed a 1.8 ratio at 𝐴260 𝐴280 ⁄ from all treatments that is suitable for RAPD-PCR reaction. Conclusively, 50 μM SA presoaking enhanced DNA stability under extreme salt stress that can be beneficial to grow green gram in the highly saline-affected zone.


The coronavirus pandemic has an impact not only on the morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, but also on an increase in unemployment and drop in income, as well as on all areas of life as result of self-isolation and quarantine measures.
Many analytical materials provide an analysis of the state of the economic sphere in our country, but, at the same time, there are very few publications that would relate to the socio-economic situation of the regional economy. The pandemic has impacted all organizations directly or indirectly, but tourism, hospitality, pharmaceuticals, passenger transportation, catering, sports and culture are particularly affected.
The current situation demanded from the state authorities and local self-government significant organizational and financial resources associated with both minimizing losses in the economy: supporting small and mediumsized businesses, the population, and organizing the work of medical institutions experiencing an increased load in terms of reprofiling beds, equipping hospitals with additional equipment, consumables. The authors analyzed the main measures taken by both federal and regional authorities to maintain entrepreneurial activity and the population in the current situation in the Altai Territory. The article provides recommendations aimed at minimizing the consequences of COVID-19.


Concerned by the worst humanitarian intractable civil war in Syria, this paper aims to appraise the involvements of Russia and the US inthewar. It questions the reasons behind these involvements as well as the implications of their respective involvements. To this end, the study adopted the theory of political realism (power model) as its framework of analysis. Utilizing documentary sources of data collection, the research employed the content analysis technique to analyze data collected. Through logical chain of evidence, deductions and inferences, the study discovered that although the driving force behind Russia and US involvements in Syria civil war is centered on their desire to secure and advance respective national interests, the resurgence of Russia as a formidable challenger in the Middle East is diminishing US hegemony in the region and US reluctance to accept this new reality will continue to cripple Syria and the region at large. Based on these findings, the paper concludes that, unless there emerges a ground for compromise, or a clear dominant power, or an internationally recognized efficient bureaucracy, the unrest in Syria will drag on.


The principle of legitimacy as a state aims to protect the society, which is expressed in the principle of legality. While the purpose of the law is more fundamental justice. This principle is officially defined as what is just stated by the constitution. This definition however has been left by some developed countries which is according to them could not be extended in its application. Therefore the definition of the principle of legitimacy should be expanded comprehensively in order reach wider consequence in the law and constitution. Substantive legality principle holds that the main purpose of the law is that justice can be realized based on the laws that have a broader scope than just the law, so it should have been in Indonesia also have to switch the view of the use of formal legality principle to the principle of legality material.


This paper makes comparative analysis on the labor relations under both the market economy system and the planning economy system, points out the problems existing in our country's present labor relations, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions.


On the morning of tuesday, 11 September 2001, not far from my classroom, the twin towers of the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan were hit by two jet airliners hijacked by terrorists from the Middle East. The towers subsequently collapsed, killing almost three thousand people. Those who originated the attack were apparently of the Islamic faith and spoke Arabic. Those who died were not just Americans but working people from around the globe.


PASCAL, like many languages, is a "free-format" language, in that there are no column-position or line-boundary restrictions on statements, declarations, or comments . Free-format languages have the advantage that the programmer may format his code in any way that well reflects the logical structuring of his program. Unfortunately, such languages also have the disadvantage that the programmer may just as easily impose no logical formatting scheme whatsoever . A program that is poorly formatted is often hard to maintain and modify, since its poor readability leads to confusion . In order to alleviate this problem, we have attempted to develop a set of useful formatting standards for PASCAL (see "A BASIS FOR EXECUTING PASCAL PROGRAMMERS" in this issue) . A program that has been thoughtfully formatted according to such a standard is said to be prettyprinted (see example below) .


Introduction: Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is one of the most famous and popular nut trees in the world. Aim of the Work: to asses' nutritive value, fatty acid, chemical and sensory parameters, microbiological counts, total aflatoxins & aflatoxin B1, changes after long term storage in freezer (-18 C). Materials and Methods: Twenty samples (raw, unpacked) were collected from the local markets in Egypt. They were subjected to chemical, aflatoxins and microbiological analyses. Results and Discussion: It was found that pistachios nut become rancid and not safe to be consumed. It was found that fatty acids profile changed after prolonged storage, where saturated fatty acids increased from 5.77 to 13.57 (+3.52 times), and the unsaturated fatty acids decreased from 47.61 to 41.98 (-11.81%). The most decrease was noticed in unsaturated linoleic acid (-57.84%). Also peroxide value increased. Conclusion: This study has confirmed that prolonged storage render pistachio nuts are a suitable target for deterioration and AF accumulation so prolonged storage must be avoided to reduce deterioration and the threat to human health can be minimised.


Physagulide Q (PQ), a new natural compound, was isolated from Physalis angulata L. in our laboratory. In this study, we observed that PQ suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulates the expression of various genes to control cell cycle progression and programmed cell death. PQ inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Tyr705 by suppressing the phosphorylation of its upstream protein kinases Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2) and Src. Furthermore, we found that PQ could induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human HCC cells. GSH, a ROS scavenger, abrogated the inhibitory effect of PQ on the JAK2/Src-STAT3 pathway in human HCC cells. These results suggested that PQ inhibited the STAT3 signaling pathway through the generation of ROS in human HCC cells.


This article reflects on various themes discussed by the authors of papers and the audience at the Archival Educators' Day, and a related program session at the 1999 annual meeting of the Society of American Archivists in Pittsburgh. It posits a gulf between archivists in academia and in the workplace that needs to be addressed, crossing various misunderstandings of discipline versus profession; theory versus practice; education versus training; and "new" recordkeeping, electronic-records models versus "traditional" cultural, heritage, and historical orientations for the profession. It asserts that both academics and practitioners may be overlooking the importance of educating students in conducting the in-depth contextual research required to be first-class working archivists.


Abstract: The K+‐induced release of amino acids and dopamine from synaptosomes of basal ganglia and substantia nigra of sheep was studied. K+ (56 mM) caused an increase in the release of GABA from caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra, the increased release being 227, 171, 198, and 366%, respectively, compared with samples incubated without stimulation. The release of glutamate was also increased by 56 mM‐K+ (136–183%) from all regions except the globus pallidus, and a significant release of aspartate was only seen in response to K+ stimulation of synaptosomes from putamen (50%). Veratrine (75 μM) also stimulated a similar pattern of amino acid release from these regions. Regional correlation was shown between the presence of an uptake system for an amino acid and its evoked release. [14C]Dopamine formed from L‐[U‐14C]tyrosine was released only from caudate and putamen synaptosomes by K+ stimulation, the increases being 105% and 74%, respectively. Synthesis of [14C]dopamine from L‐[U‐14C]tyrosine occurred only in synaptosomes prepared from these two regions and was not detected in synaptosomes from substantia nigra or globus pallidus although whole‐tissue homogenates of substantia nigra were able to synthesise dopamine.


Proposes a geometric approach for analyzing discrete-time nonlinear system controllability. The main idea takes issue from a minimum principle application developed for the determination of the controllable set boundary for continuous time system. The purpose here is different and consists of exhibiting a condition for the non-existence of a boundary control set, giving by this way a necessary condition for the complete controllability of the system under investigation. This condition is shown to be equivalent to the necessary and sufficient condition given by the application of Kalman controllability criteria for linear systems. This approach is finally used to check controllability for a discrete-time nonlinear model of an electrically stimulated muscle.


This study examines the performance characteristics of concrete pavements made with high volumes of Class F and Class C fly ash. Three mixture proportions with Class C fly ash up to 70% cement replacement and 3 mixtures with Class F fly ash up to 67% cement replacement were used. Tests were conducted for compressive strength, resistance to chloride-ion penetration, and density using specimens from in-situ pavements. Results indicate better pozzolanic strength contribution and higher resistance to chloride-ion penetration for concrete mixtures made with Class F fly ash relative to that made with Class C fly ash. Compressive strengths of core specimens taken from in-situ pavements ranged from 45-57 MPa. Field performance data vs. lab evaluation data for scaling is also presented.