of turn-of-the-century immigrants like the Irish, not those explicitly raced like AfricanAmericans. Thus, Campbell fails to adequately address a crucial component—race— that would make Bitter Tastes truly representative of the breadth of naturalistic literary production. A second concern lies in the use of the interdisciplinary mode itself. Campbell's argumentation is more persuasive and incisive when she analyzes the cinematic elements in novels or stories (e.g, Quicksand) or when she examines cinematic adaptations in relation to the texts themselves, as she does with Zona Gale's Miss Lulu Bett and its corresponding film version. Stand-alone discussions of specific films such as the analyses of The Yellow Girl (1916) and A Philistine in Bohemia (1920), although interesting naturalistic case studies in their own right, do little to develop the reader's understanding of how women writers productively expanded the category of literary naturalism, the text's primary focus. Despite these concerns, Bitter Tastes is overall a truly impressive work, exhaustively researched and painstakingly argued. It is mandatory reading for literary critics of American women's writing and naturalism, as well as for feminist and early American film critics. By invoking regional, sentimental, reform, and Modernist texts by American women writers, Campbell effectively explodes the parameters—and thus the reader's understanding of those parameters—of naturalistic literature. However, by persuasively analyzing those texts through cinematic history and the commodified aesthetics of film production, Campbell makes an even more powerful argument for the necessity of interdisciplinary study as the best means to generate new forms of cultural understanding.


Due to the difference of leakage,load and characteristics of actuators,and error in manufacture,the synchronization error is inevitable in multi-actuators' movement.Establishes the mathematical model of asymmetrical actuators with considering characteristic of proportional servo-valve,analyzes the modeling of proportional servo-valve,and finally sets up the mathematical model of valve controlled 4-cylinder synchronous control system.


A. Miyamura and H. Kimura (A. Miyamura and H. Kiura, 2001) improved Feedback Error Leaming (FEL) method to apply to general time invariant linear plant with time delay, and proved the stability of that system under the condition that time delay was I". In this paper, we examine the robustness of FEL method when time delay is unknown, and propose a method to learn time delay.


Focus groups revealed five inherent conflicts that affect home health care clinicians' interactions with family caregivers: (a) Services often depend on caregivers' participation, but the home care system does not give them formal status or consideration; (b) clinicians must balance competing priorities within a short time frame; (c) clinicians recognize that families have unmet emotional and training needs, but benefits are not designed to address them; (d) clinicians face conflicting professional roles as patient advocates and service gatekeepers; and (e) agencies reserve social work services, a key to caregiver access to community resources, for their most difficult cases. Building a more rational system will involve raising awareness about the system's limitation, providing more training and support for caregivers and the professionals who interact with them, and aligning financial incentives with the realities of what it takes to prepare caregivers to care for patients with complex needs when formal services end.


The formation and destruction of HOCO+ in dark interstellar clouds are investigated. In cold gas at equilibrium, the main formation process may be HCO+(OH, H) HOCO+ and not H+3(CO2, H2)HOCO+ as originally suggested. In MHD shocks, the endothermic reaction HCO+(O2, O) HOCO+ could be driven by the ion–neutral drift velocity, leading to a high value of the HOCO+/HCO+ abundance ratio. The recent detection of HOCO+ in the galactic center may be a signature of MHD shock propagation.


Thin films of oriented tetragonal FePt particles separated by amorphous alumina have been fabricated by electron beam evaporation. The ordering of the FePt particles without coarsening can be tailored by annealing conditions. The value of coercivity of the annealed film reached as high as 4.4 kOe. The perpendicular magnetic coercivity of the annealed film was slightly larger than in-plane coercivity. Some of the tetragonal FePt particles were found to have {111} twins and stacking faults. From our high-resolution electron microscopy observations, it was determined that central region of the ordered FePt particles tended to have c-axis perpendicular to the film plane.


Rasbora are freshwater fishes that belongs to Cyprinidae family whereby most of its member share similar morphology which makes them difficult to be differentiated between species. In this study, both the morphometry analysis and mitochondrial DNA approach were used to resolve the phylogenetic relationship between these species. The complete sequence of mt-genome for R. argyrotaenia, R. myersi, R. sarawakensis and Rasbora sp. were 16,574 bp, 16,581 bp, 16,709 bp and 16,518 bp respectively. The structure of all study species mtDNA was characterized using bioinformatics analysis. Rasbora mt-genome comprises of a standard set of 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, 13 PCGs and two typical non-coding regions. The AT-skew and GC-skew values in the whole genome of Rasbora were 0.141 and -0.268 respectively, revealing that the H-strand had the amount of C and A were more prevalent. All the tRNA genes could be folded into cloverleaf secondary structures, while the secondary structure of Ser (AGY) lacked a D arm (DHU stem). By comparing Rasbora genome sequence with the recognition sites in teleost species, five conserved sequence blocks were identified in the control region. The common conserved motif sequence of origin of L-strand replication were also identified. The phylogenetic analyses were based on the concatenated of nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence from 13 PCGs. The phylogenetic position of R. argyrotaenia, R. myersi, R. sarawakensis and Rasbora sp. were evaluated from the Maximum likelihood trees. Overall, this study enriches the knowledge of Rasbora mt-genomes while partially resolving the ambiguity of the phylogenetic relationships of Rasbora taxonomy.


The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to reframe interactions among tourists, destinations, and service providers in multiple ways. Yet, there is scant empirical evidence on how individuals develop their relationships with IoT devices and how this technology can serve tourists in planning and deciding on particular destinations or services. Drawing on the assemblage theory, we investigated tourists' interactive experiences when planning trips with and without smart speakers. Methodologically, we employed an interactionist/performative approach that included three qualitative studies to examine tourists' information production, expressive roles, and information processing styles during interactions with smart speakers in the pre-visit stage. The analysis was driven by grounded theory and utilized computerized psycholinguistic techniques to enrich our research implications for theory, methodology, and tourism management.


The present invention relates to a method and an electronic level measuring device and means for determining the level, in particular to a function for determining the relationship between the amplitude level of the signal component of the received level measuring device and reflected by the surface filler the electronic unit. In this manner, it is possible to improve the accuracy of level determined.


Contemporary urban environment is characterized by complexity and mixed use of space, in which overlapping land parcels and different RRRs (Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities) are frequent phenomena. Internationally, real property legislation either focuses on surface property or has introduced individual 3D real property units. The former approach merely accommodates issues related to subdivision, expropriation and transactions on part of the real property above or below surface, while the latter provides for defining and registering 3D real property units. National laws require two-dimensional real property descriptions and only a limited number of jurisdictions provide for threedimensional data presentation and recording. International awareness on 3D Cadastre may be apparent through the proposals for transition of existing cadastral systems to 3D along with legal amendments improving national 3D Cadastre legislation. Concurrently the use of appropriate data sources and the correct depiction of 3D property units' boundaries and spatial relationships need to be addressed. Spatial relations and constraints amongst real world objects could be modeled geometrically and topologically utilizing numerous modeling tools, e.g. CityGML, BIM and further sophisticated 3D software or by adapting international standards, e.g. LADM. A direct correlation between legal and physical property should be based on consistent geometry between physical and legal space, improving the accuracy that legal spaces' volumes or locations are defined. To address these issues, this paper investigates correlation possibilities and constraints between legal and physical space of typical 3D property cases. These cases comprise buildings or their interior spaces with mixed use, as well as complex structures described by explicit facade patterns, generated by procedural or by BIM ready 3D models. The 3D models presented are evaluated, regarding compliancy to physical or legal reality.


Ethanol was used as solvent in extracting gossypol from cottonseed. In this process, 0.037% free gossypol contained cottonseed was obtained, which was used as raw material to extract oil with aqueous enzymatic method. Through single factor and orthogonal experiments, extraction of oil from cottonseed were studied. Some influence factors on the extraction ratio of the oil were discussed. These factors involved the enzyme dosage, the ratio of cottonseed and extraction solvent, time and temperature of extraction. The optimal conditions of extraction were showed as following: the ratio of material weight(g) to raw solvent volume(mL) 1:12, the extracting time 3 h, extracting temperature 55 ℃, enzyme dosage 0.03%, under the conditions, the extraction rate could be high as 64.53%.


Gujing Yangyuan"mixture drugs were identified by TLC.In comparison with contrast, four main ingredients show spots or fluorescent spots with the same color at the same place on the TLC plate. The content of icariin was determined by HPLC.The result showed that among three group samples, the content of icariin was approximately the same and the average value was 0.346mg/mL.The content of icariin shows a good linear relation at a range of 0.2546 to 1.2880μg, r=0.9999.The solution test of lcariin remained stable within 8 hours.


The present study was conducted in Jhilmil Jheel wetland which is situated on the left bank of river Ganga between Latitude N29°32' to 29° 50' and Longitude E 78o10' to 78°15'covering an area of 3783.50 hectares. The altitude of the area varies from 200 to 250 meters above msl. This wetland is known for conservation of Cervus duvauceli duvauceli (Barasingha). It is situated between Haridwar Najibabad highway in the natural course of the Ganges. A two-year study was conducted between the year 20122014 to analyse the soil physicochemical properties between different plantation sites of this magnificent wetland i.e., eucalyptus plantation, teak plantation, acacia plantation and mixed plantation. After the analysis, it was observed that the soil texture under eucalyptus plantation, teak plantation and acacia plantation was sandy loam in nature while it was observed clay loam under mixed plantation site. Maximum bulk density was observed under eucalyptus plantation site (1.50 g cm) while it was minimum (1.29 g cm ) under mixed plantation site. Moisture content was observed maximum (14.57 %) under mixed plantation site whereas it was observed minimum (8.38 %) under acacia plantation site. Soil pH was observed near neutral (i.e., 6.82 and 6.78) under teak plantation and acacia plantation site while it was slightly acidic (i.e., 6.55 and 6.49) under eucalyptus plantation and mixed plantation site. The result revealed that the maximum soil organic carbon (1.99 %), total nitrogen (0.23%), available phosphorus (14.66 ppm) and exchangeable potassium (230 ppm) was observed under mixed plantation site whereas the result revealed that the minimum soil organic carbon (1.60 %), available phosphorus (9.26 ppm) and exchangeable potassium (111.5 ppm) was observed under acacia plantation site except for the total nitrogen which was observed minimum (0.17 %) under eucalyptus plantation site. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc tukey test was also applied to analyse and to compare the mean significant difference between each parameter under different sites.


Staring mosaic focal planes, which are under development, combined detectors and associated signal processing to perform their mission functions. Much of the development work is centered on planar approaches in which a two dimensional detector array is sandwiched together with a two-dimensional signal processing array. This paper defines the "Z-tech-nology", a three-dimensional architecture as contrasted to the planar architectures. The status of the Z-technology as fabricated and tested at this time is reviewed, and near-term and long range design developments and goals are described. It is concluded that the Z-technology approach represents a low risk alternative to planar approaches, and has an inherent degree of flexibility which should prove to be cost effective.


Objective To investigate the relationship between functional dyspepsia and chronic gynecological diseases.Methods With reference to FD Indicators,Gastroscopy and Gynaecological diagnosis,the selected 84 cases of FD overlapping with chronic gynecological diseases were compared with the 84 otolaryngological cases with gynecological diseases.40 patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 20 patients respecitvely.The patients in control group were treated with Antacid and Gastrointestinal Prokinetic Agents only while those in treatment group were treated with two weeks of Antacid,Gastrointestinal Prokinetic Agents and anti-infective treatment for gynecological diseases.Results The incidence of chronic gynecological diseases of patients with FD(47.6%) is markedly higher than that of otolaryngological cases(11.9%)(P0.01).Compared with that of the control group(40%),the recovery rate of treatment group(75%) is significantly improved after treatment.Conclusions Chronic gynecological diseases may result in or aggravate FD,but the symptoms of FD can be alleviated with anti-infective treatment.


The aim of the article was to analyze the sectors and competition in the energy sector. The article includes brief definitions of the basic terms related to the analysis of the competition, identification of the rival company and identification of competitive strategy. The subject of the study is the degree of client satisfaction with the services provided by different energy suppliers in Slovakia. At the beginning of the survey a problem was defined for solving of which it was necessary to find out which of the network companies has the best and the worst score in providing services to their clients. Therefore client satisfaction with the services of chosen network companies was measured. A view of customer satisfaction is measured in terms of the provision of the services related to the supply of the electricity. These attributes can be characterized as a speed rating than an equipment at the first contact with the customer, the stability of the electricity supply, a STAFF expertise and the like. The analysis points at the differences in client satisfaction with supply of electricity, billing services; and quality and reliability of the distribution of individual suppliers. The article also contains a study focusing on chosen companies operating in the energy sector in the Slovak Republic. The results of the study are represented graphically.


With the continuous boom in video services and advanced computing, the requirements of mobile users for network resource and performance are rising steadily. Mobile edge computing (MEC) technology has been applied in vehicular networks (VNs) in recent years to cope with high vehicle mobility and network topology change. In this paper, we propose a group-partitioned video caching strategy algorithm (GPC) in VNs. The algorithm first partitions the video requesters and then employs the Lagrange function and Lambert function to solve the cache probability matrix as optimization variable. Correspondingly, we choose caching hit ratio and latency as cache performance evaluation metrics we take the revenue function as optimization objective, and aim to maximize the revenue value. Experimental results show that that the dual influence of video file size and cache size is a significant factor in the probability of caching. Our GPC algorithm outperforms other existing algorithms in the revenue.


During tunnel construction, both the excavation and lining are on the critic path of the line-period of the construction. However, unconventional construction scheme has often to be taken in actual construction. Therefor, the lining construction scheme of "the inverted arch is lined after the lining of the side and roof arch"is adopted in the construction of the tunnel for the water conveyance project of Dahuofang Reservoir, and then the excavation and the lining are carried out at the same time, by which the construction progress has been promoted and the total construction period of the project has been ensured as well.


Identification of factors related to attempted suicide in children and adolescents from the application of the nursing care process SUMMARY Objective: To identify the factors related to attempted suicide in a group of children and adolescents hospitalized in the Mental Health Unit at the «Evaristo Garcia» Hospital Universitario del Valle and in their family groups. Materials and methods: Exploratory-descriptive research. An assessment was used according to Marjory Gordon's functional health patterns. Sixteen minors and 14 of their parents or legal guardians were surveyed. Findings: Protective factors were identified, especially in values and beliefs and role-relationship patterns, and risk factors in patterns of the health management perception and tolerance-confrontation to stress. In addition, changes in patterns were observed: metabolic nutritional, activity-exercise, and sleep-rest. Conclusion: The risk factors identified, as well as the presence of a triggering event and the availability of a suicide method increase the risk suicide attempt in children and adolescents. The application of the nursing care process facilitated obtaining information and identifying risk factors related to attempted suicide becoming a tool of the discipline, which contributes to systematization and nursing research.


it was observed that interspecific copula resulted in severe injury to the ceraqueen. After instrumental insemination of both melli/era and cerana queens with heterospecific semen, normal fertilization and cleavage of the eggs were observed. During the blastula stage, however, development stopped and finally ended in a complete breakdown. These observations are discussed from the point of view of the evolution of the two aforementioned


A Specimen transfer system was developed in order to introduce a micro particle sample prepared by the gas evaporation method into a specimen chamber of a high resolution electron microscope without exposing the sample in air. To study interfacial structures at the atomic and molecular level, specimen preparation method and specimen environment were also examined. Aluminum and silicon particle samples were prepared in an inactive gas as a model sample, loaded on the specimen transfer system filled with He gas at 8 × 10 4 Pa, and introduced into a specimen chamber of a high vacuum electron microscope. Under the partial pressure of H 2 O in the specimen chamber kept at 1 × 10 −6 Pa, high resolution imaging of the surface structure of the samples, free from oxide layers, was possible for about 30 min


The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (ED-S) are a group of connective tissue diseases which occur in humans and other mammals. Mink inherit an autosomal dominant form of ED-S which is characterized by laxity and decreased tensile strength of the skin. We wish to report some of the biochemical changes in the skin of affected mink as compared to age-matched, nonaffected mink. There was a 39% increase in acetic acid extractable collagen per wet weight of tissue of the skins of the affected mink. This was accompanied by a 260% increase in prolyl hydroxylase specific activity, a 179% increase in lysyl hydroxylase specific activity, and a 118% increase in lysyl oxidase specific activity in the skins of affected mink. [3H1-Hydroxyproline formation was increased 133% when skin tissue minces were incubated with [3H]-proline. This was accompanied by a 77% increase of [3H]-proline incorporation into protein and a 93% increase of [14C]-glycine incorporation into protein. Noncollagen protein synthesis, evaluated by measuring [3H]-tryptophane incorporation into protein, revealed a 40% increase in noncollagen protein synthesis. The increased collagen synthesis rate in the skins of the ED-S affected mink may represent either the absence of the control of collagen metabolism which contributes to the molecular defect of the ED-S in the affected mink, or a response to the damaged skin caused by the ED-S in the affected mink, or both.


ABSTRACT Earthquakes are natural disasters that can cause heavy casualties and great property losses. To effectively rescue the affected people, it is very important to set up warehouses for relief supplies, and the location of a disaster relief warehouse affects its ability to provide disaster relief. Comprehensive analysis of the indicators for alternative locations can produce a ranking, but if the top-ranking disaster relief warehouse locations are chosen, it may happen that the selected locations are too close to each other. To solve this problem, this paper combines locations into sets; selects coverage, distance, and risk as indicators; and then uses a data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to determine the combinations' efficiencies. If a combination's distance between the high ranked locations is too close, this method deletes it from consideration. This technique results in a more appropriate set of locations for the disaster relief warehouses.


Continuously rotating eggs were inspected for cracks by a PC-based computer vision system. A sequence of three images per egg were sufficient to identify over 90% of eggs with cracks. The diameter of each egg measured in software was used to control the image acquisition process. Response surface analysis showed that inspection success rate was dependent on egg size and two software calibration constants.


Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have developed just in time to lower the number of fatalities that occur while driving and offer users an effective information exchange for apps that are related to entertainment. The most significant items of the Internet of Things (IoT) are VANETs. To enhance the user's quality of life, complete connections among all vehicles should be established. The constant connectedness and sharing information cause the communication channel overloading by information, which increase the busy time of channel. Many techniques for decentralized congestion control (DCC) are outlined in order to lessen channel congestion and offer a number of safety applications. In this work, we develop a decentralized congestion management system by adapting the message rate based on the exponential function. The system was simulated by SUMO and the open source OMNET++ software. The simulated results showed that the use of this technique reduces the channel busy time and the total lost packets. Also, the reduction rate using the exponential function was better in the case of increasing the decay factor and with a large number of vehicles. According to the outcomes of the simulation, we can conclude that the message rate control mechanisms enhances the vehicular network performance by lowering channel congestion.


There is a growing emphasis on social justice pedagogy as a predominantly White teacher labor force infiltrates classrooms in urban schools. Using critical race theory (CRT)—and the construct of interest convergence—this study examines how White teachers working in an urban school apply and enact teaching for social justice during their first year in the classroom as teachers of record. Findings suggest that the behaviors of new teachers misalign with true intentions of teaching for social justice and instead assuage teachers' perceptions of teaching for social justice to benefit personal and professional interests.


Along with the side wall expanding project carry out forward deep lying seam,current transport system will be destroyed.The paper introduces the scheme selection based on current transport system.According to the technical- economic comparison with three schemes,we determine the truck road and rail scheme used for waste transport system.


When an team designs a stream restoration project, the design team is also responsible for the submission of associated permits. Permits and other reviews may be required by a number of Federal, state and local agencies for the same project. Some permit and review criteria may not be sympathetic and, at times, seem contradictory to the restoration project's design intent. For example, designing a dam removal and channel restoration project that does not immediately stabilize channel banks with vegetation or rock may appear to be in conflict with some of the soil erosion and sediment control practices or other water quality requirements. Designing and permitting a restoration project may then require the designer to take on a significant education role with regulators. Using local professional organizations or key regulators to help arrange educational seminars by leading restoration practitioners is one method of helping assure project reviewers understand some of the necessary principles to authorize a successful project. Water Resource Regulation History Federal. Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbor Act of 1899 provided the US Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) with clear regulatory authority to protect the nation's navigation interests on federally navigable waterways through a permit program (US Army Corps of Engineers, undated). In the 1970's the Federal Water Control Act and amendments, now referred to as the Clean Water Act (Ruckelshaus, 1988) , provided new regulatory direction to the Corps and the newly created US Environmental Protection Act (EPA). A 1975 court ordered expansion of Section 404 of the act required the Corps to permit discharges into waters draining into federal navigable waterways . Under Section 401 of the same act, EPA was required to review and provide water quality certification sign off on all Corps discharge permits. At approximately the same time in history, passage of federal legislation in 1968 created the federally subsidized National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Further defined under the 1973 Flood Disaster Protection Act (Lowe, 2003), the NFIP provided individuals with federally subsidized flood insurance if the local community agreed to Copyright ASCE 2006 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006 regulate all new development in the 100-year return frequency floodplain. Under the program, a local permit is issued based on federally provided floodplain maps, flood flows, flood elevations and minimum standards. In accordance with the Clean Water Act has now further defined the regulations of non-point sources with the NPDES Phase II Program covering urban storm watered areas and construction sites larger than one acre (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2005). With NPDES Phase II rules in place state and many local governments have increased their regulatory authority or created new programs for the control of non-point source pollution from construction sites and storm sewer systems. State and Local Regulations. In addition to federal permits, many states have their own permit programs that pre-date federal interest in their state's waterways. Every state has an NFIP state coordinator to work with the Federally Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and communities to assure federal program criteria are being met. Likewise, states work with the EPA to enact the NPDES Phase II construction sites permit program and municipal storm water programs. Local governments add another area of regulation when many enforce a zoning or land use criteria. Therefore, a local government permit may cover floodplain issues, soil erosion sediment control, water quality, zoning and other issues specific to that local government.


Despite the large number of studies concerning salivary gland cells, there have been no detailed reports to date concerning the functional or special chemical characteristics of their parenchymal components. One of the reasons inhibiting progress lies in the difficulty of dissecting the whole parenchyma from the glands and, therefore, in obtaining direct evidence regarding the parenchymal components themselves. In recent years some investigators, including Barker et al.1), and Quisell et al.2,3), have furnished valuable data on these subjects using a partially dissociated preparation of salivary gland parenchyma. Recently, in our laboratory4), the entire parenchymal components of rat submandibular gland, which react to salivary gland stimulants, were separated almost in pure form by adapting Morel's method5), which was first developed for separation of kidney tubules, for use in salivary glands. In this paper, parenchyma free from stroma of the submandibular gland was prepared from an adult rat, divided into four functional pieces, and glycoprotein profiles in these functional segments were observed by using a micro discelectrophoresis.


A honeycomb structure of bees in a thermostructural composite material comprising a fibrous reinforcement texture is made of a three-dimensional fiber texture formed by two-dimensional plies (40) superposed and bonded together by means of fibers passing through the plies. Cutouts staggered shaped slots (42) are formed through the plies, in the entire thickness of the texture, and the cut texture is stretched in the direction not parallel to the cutouts (42) but parallel to the plies (40) to form cells whose walls are constituted by the lips of the cuts (42). The cut and held in the stretched state texture is densified by the material of the matrix.


S amer Narouze's Atlas of UltrasoundGuided Procedures in Interventional Pain Management succeeds in what the title implies. It is a comprehensive textbook that illustrates the use of ultrasound in performing interventional procedures in the treatment of chronic and acute pain. Although the book discusses regional anesthesia including neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks, the majority of chapters address ultrasound-guided procedures utilized outside the perioperative arena. This broadens the book's audience to all physicians interested in interventional pain management. The Atlas of Ultrasound-Guided Procedures in Interventional Pain Management is logically organized. Thirty chapters are grouped into 6 sections: Imaging in Interventional Pain Management and Basics of Ultrasonography, Spine Sonoanatomy and Ultrasound-Guided Spine Injections, Ultrasound-GuidedAbdominal and Pelvic Blocks, Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Continuous Catheters, Musculoskeletal Ultrasound, and Advanced and New Applications of Ultrasound in Pain Management. The first section is notable for illuminating not only the physics of ultrasound and essential machine ''knobology'' but also for emphasizing important clinical pearls in optimizing needle visibility and in recognizing common image artifacts; this section is outstanding in mitigating the significant learning curve when first using ultrasound-guidance for interventional procedures. All chapters are invariably well written and appropriately concise. Dr. Narouze prefaces the book by stating the text was minimized to allow for a maximum number of images, but the limited text does not detract from the comprehensiveness of the atlas. The chapters begin with inclusive anatomical reviews that are usually enhanced by correlative pictures and diagrams. The descriptions on how to perform each block are consistently clear and greatly complemented by ultrasound images with apt labeling and interpretations. For instance, the chapters on ultrasoundguided celiac plexus blocks and upper extremity blocks coordinate excellent pictures and diagrams with detailed ultrasound images to induce tremendous understanding of the techniques. The majority of discussions also include extensive literature reviews with references for practitioners desiring to revisit the primary literature. Although Dr. Narouze's Atlas of Ultrasound-Guided Procedures in Interventional Pain Management is an outstanding compilation, it is not entirely without shortcomings. There is redundancy in discussing lateral femoral cutaneous nerve blocks (chapters 18 and 21), but a section demonstrating ultrasound-guided injections for the treatment of trochanteric bursitis is surprisingly omitted. The challenge of transposing ultrasound images to paper makes some pictures dark and difficult to visualize, such as those for sacroiliac joint injections (page 187) and lumbar facet injections (page 151). Chapter 18 describes obturator nerve blocks commendably, but the image on page 251 labels only the adductor muscles and does not highlight the locations where the obturator nerve is typically blocked. A complementary DVD or access to a Website demonstrating real-time ultrasoundguided procedures would be helpful. Although many chapters highlight limitations of existing block methods, only a minority of chaptersVsuch as for ultrasound-guided cervical medial branch blocks and caudal epidural injectionsV address the limitations or pitfalls associatedwith the ultrasound-guided techniques. Overall, Dr. Narouze's Atlas of Ultrasound<Guided Procedures in Interventional Pain Management exceeds the expectations of its name. It is expertly contrived, and the few deficiencies are slight. It auspiciously fills the void of educational texts for ultrasound-guided pain procedures in a clear, comprehensive, and user-friendly fashion. It is indeed a landmark compendium of ultrasound-guided procedures that is a worthy library addition for any individual interested in interventional pain medicine.


Energy-efficient cluster based wireless sensor networks are often used to transmit information. In case of failure in WSN,the diagnosis accuracy of the cluster-head nodes should be guaranteed. In this paper,a fault self-diagnosis algorithm is presented with two steps to determine the final state of each node: first,the sensor nodes are identified based on comparisons of data from neighboring nodes,and then further tests are performed to avoid diagnosis errors. Simulation results show that the two-step algorithm has good accuracy and precision of diagnosis.


The El Teniente mine is famous not only as one of the largest known porphyry-copper ore bodies but also, among geologists, for its typical breccia pipe named "Braden", an almost vertical poorly mineralized cone, located at the center of the mine and surrounded by early-stage mineralizations. As the edge of the pipe constitutes the limit of the deposit and of the mining operation, estimating it accurately is important. In this paper, we are interested in estimation of the elevation of the pipe surface using a geostatistical approach based on non-stationary covariances. Previous approaches have been applied on this dataset by Seguret and Celhay (2013). The proposed estimation method offers an integrated treatment of all aspects of non-stationarity (mean, variance, spatial continuity) in the modelling process. The proposed method has revealed an increased prediction accuracy when compared to standard stationary method, and demonstrated the ability to extract the underlying non-stationarity from a single realization. A comparison of predictions and prediction standard deviations maps indicates that the proposed non-stationary method captures some varying spatial features (such as locally varying anisotropy) in the data that are not present using the stationary method, the outcome appears more realistic.


In this paper, we propose to detect vehicles driving in a tunnel in real time, estimate the distance between vehicles by comparing the size of the detected auto ROI area, and provide driving safety information to the driver to maintain the safe distance from the omnidirectional vehicle. The proposed method uses the YOLO v3 deep learning model to detect cars in real time in a tunnel environment. The YOLO model has the ability to detect objects in real time. In addition, to estimate the distance from the detected forward-driving vehicles, it is estimated by separating them into three steps (very close, close, normal) distances, not the actual measured distances. The proposed method uses the size information of the detected vehicle ROI region for distance estimation. Therefore, the proposed method presents that a safe driver support system is possible by detecting vehicles in real time in various tunnel environments and providing three-stage distance information. As a result of experimenting with the proposed method, vehicle detection within the tunnel presented approximately 90% of the results and distance estimation accuracy of approximately 97%.


Detailed understanding of structural evolution during the process of crystal nucleation is limited. In this contribution nucleation from the single component nematic phase of para-azoxyanisole is studied with particular emphasis on the structural relationships between liquid crystalline and crystalline phases in this polymorphic system. The data are interpreted and discussed in terms of their relevance to processes occurring within a nucleating cluster. It is clear that while positional order in the supersaturated phase does dictate the structural outcome of crystallization, an activation barrier still exists limiting the overall kinetics of the nucleation process.


AbstractIncreasingly it is necessary to search for alternative materials to the construction industry to turn it more sustainable. In this regard, fly ash and carbide lime—residues from production processes—are targets of this study because of their applicability in the stabilization of slopes, base of pavements and manufacture of artifacts for building construction. Therefore, this work aims at the development of method (technique) that enables the prediction of the compressive strength for long curing time periods at standard laboratory curing temperature (23°C) through prediction equivalence with accelerated curing (using temperatures of 40 and 60°C). The porosity/carbide lime (η/Lv) ratio (corresponding to porosity divided by the volumetric carbide lime content) can be used to predict compressive strength (qu). The results show that a power function adapts better the relation qu versus η/Lv, in which Lv is adjusted by an exponent (in this case 0.11) for all coal fly ash—carbide lime mixtures studied. ...


. In this paper, extended Haar wavelet has been introduced in the interval [0 ,λ ) , λ > 0 . It reduces to classical Haar wavelet for λ = 1 . The orthonormality of extended Haar wavelets has been discussed. The convergence analysis of an extended Haar wavelet series of a function f belonging to Hölder's classes


Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an age-related chronic inflammatory disease with rheumatic features at the fore. In addition to the high-grade systemic inflammation, it is characterized by typical "polymyalgic" musculoskeletal symptoms, including diffuse and severe pain and prolonged morning stiffness of the shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, and neck. PMR is a member of the so-called giant cell arteritis complex; however, in spite of the marked systemic inflammation in PMR, the local vasculitis process aborts. The pathological background is synovitis, with a predominant inflammation of the extra-articular synovial structures. Synovitis of PMR is mild, transient, and non-erosive. Distal musculoskeletal symptoms are also observed but are more variable and less recognizable than the predominant proximal polymyalgic syndrome. PMR often overlaps with elderly-onset seronegative arthritides, elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis, late-onset seronegative spondylarthritis, and the RS3PE1 syndrome. Although glucocorticoids are the cornerstone of PMR therapy, considerable hope is attached to tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor inhibitor.


Tourist flow is one of the core issues in tourism geography research and has made ample research achievement in more than a half century.Tourism economy connection is a kind of relation between economic entities,the exchange of all kinds of population flow,materials flow,capital flow,information flow,energy flow,technology flow and so on is processed through tourism flow between tourism places in order to connect each other.This paper generalizes the related achievements in the research on tourism economy connection from such three aspects as basic theory,research method and the existed problems so as to further deepen the understanding of tourism flow economy connection and to expand the vision on the research on tourism economy connection.


Abstract We present a series of recent results on some new classes of free boundary problems.Differently from the classical literature, the problems considered have either a "nonlocal" feature (e.g., the interaction or/and the interfacial energy may depend on global quantities) or a "nonlinear" flavor (namely, the total energy is the nonlinear superposition of energy components, thus losing the standard additivity and scale invariances of the problem). The complete proofs and the full details of the results presented here are given in [17, 31, 35, 26, 28, 39].


TV news is the major source of political information for most of the people, exercising a strong influence on public opinion. Japanese news media try to carefully balance politicians' representation, but it is important to empirically examine this balance longitudinally. However, it is a tedious, and in many cases impossible task to achieve manually, especially when the news archive covers over a decade. We therefore rely on automatic procedures to do it computationally rather than manually. In this paper, we compare the two face tracking methods as well as a traditional text-based method by using the same dataset of Japanese broadcasting news spanning over a decade. We evaluate the three methods against a manually curated random sample of NHK's News 7, the flagship news program of the Japanese public broadcasting. The first tracking method is inherited from previous works used on the same dataset and based on traditional Viola-Jones detections and VGGFace for embeddings. Our second method uses modern deep learning techniques with MTCNN for face detection, and ResNet50 trained with VGGFace2 for embeddings. We not only demonstrate that our modern implementation outperforms the two other methods, but also discuss implications and application for social scientific studies.


Stixel calculations are commonly based on binocular vision; these calculations map millions of pixel disparities into a few hundred stixels. Depending on applied stereo vision, this binocular approach is sometimes incapable of dealing with low-textured road information or noisy data. The main objective of this work is to propose a more reliable approach to calculating stixels by incorporating laser scanners (i.e., LIDAR). We show that this supports more efficient and robust 3D point representations, even if only integrating monocular vision into the LIDAR-based approach for generating monocular stixels. Experimental results show a more accurate (by 15.4 %) stixel detection rate when the LIDAR-guided monocular configuration is used compared to a conventional binocular approach.


This paper explores the Information Model of Construction Industry and researches Asymmetric Information problems in the model. Based on the analysis of Asymmetric Information in the phases of tendering and construction between clients and contractors, the paper analyzes the relationship between information symmetry and construction cost& revenue, and studies how to determine the optimum range of information symmetry using quantitative methods.


Discussion of a paper by L. H. Hansel published in the June 1937 issue, pases 735–8, and presented for oral discussion at the vibration and balance session of the summer convention, Milwaukee, Wis., June 25, 1937.


18 The pandemic state of COVID-19 caused by the SARS CoV-2 put the world in 19 quarantine, led to hundreds of thousands of deaths and is causing an unprecedented 20 economic crisis. However, COVID-19 is spreading in different rates at different 21 countries. Here, we tested the effect of three classes of predictors, i.e., socioeconomic, 22 climatic and transport, on the rate of daily increase of COVID-19. We found that global 23 connections, represented by countries' importance in the global air transportation 24 network, is the main explanation for the growth rate of COVID-19 in different 25 countries. Climate, geographic distance and socioeconomics had a milder effect in this 26 big picture analysis. Geographic distance and climate were significant barriers in the 27 past but were surpassed by the human engine that allowed us to colonize most of our 28 planet land surface. Our results indicate that the current claims that the growth rate of 29 COVID-19 may be lower in warmer and humid tropical countries should be taken very 30 carefully, at risk to disturb well-established and effective policy of social isolation that 31 may help to avoid higher mortality rates due to the collapse of national health systems. 32 33


The diploma thesis deals with the issue of efficiency improvement of selected production line. OEE was chosen as a key indicator which should project most of the proposed measures. SMED and TPM tools used to reach this target lead to increase of availability of machines, and FMEA to solving of poor quality. To support these instruments the 5S technique is used, the development of existing system of improvement proposals together with formulation of new incentive scheme. Another important item is VSM analysis which highlights inappropriately solved issue of current material and product storage.


Harmonic finite element analysis for focusing spherical device, loaded on the acoustic medium, are carried out using finite element package ANSYS. The focal zone is determined on acoustic medium for the thickness resonant frequency. The calculations of this real piezoelectric transducer have shown the efficiency of the proposed techniques


We attempted to determine whether seed morphology, including the number and size of oil tubes, is genetically variable and serves as a constraint on chemical content


Abstract The Érosion torrentielle, neige et avalanche (Etna) unit of CEMAGREF and the Centre d'Etudes de la Neige of Météo-France have been working on snowdrift for 10 years. A numerical model was developed at CEMAGREF to simulate snowdrift (Naaim and others, 1998). To validate this model on in situ data, a high-altitude experimental site was developed, located at 2700 m a.s.l. at the Lac Blanc Pass near the Alpe d'Huez ski resort. It is a nearly flat area and faces winds primarily from north and south. After describing the experimental site, we present the processed data of winter 1998/99. First, we analyze the data from CEMAGREF's acoustic snowdrift sensor. It is sensitive to snow depth and snow-particle type, so additional calibration is necessary. Nevertheless, it allowed us to study non- stationary aspects of drifting snow. An analysis of gust factors for wind and drifting snow indicates that strong wind-gust factors exist in the mountains, and that drifting snow is more important during a regular and strong wind episode than during high wind-gust periods. Therefore, the numerical model presented here uses only the recorded mean wind speed. The model, which attempts to reproduce several days of storm, takes into account the modification of input parameters (e.g wind speed) as a function of time. The comparison between numerical results and measurements for a given meteorological event shows good agreement.


The purpose of this research is to study the merger of municipalities in Quebec City and the creation of the Quebec Metropolitan Community (Communaute Metropolitaine de Quebec). This case study is framed within a broader context, since the merger policy of municipalities and the consolidation of supra-municipal structures has not only affected Quebec City, but it has also been planned for the entire province. Reactions against the municipal and supra-municipal reorganisation policy can be connected with the Parti Quebecois losing the 2003 elections and the passing of a law, by the Liberal Party, which allows merged municipalities to reconstitute. Once again we can see that rational criteria of improving efficiency and management do not suffice to explain local organisation policies in the framework of decentralisation processes.


Significance Horizontal visual field extension was assessed for red and white stimuli in subjects with protanopia using semi-automated kinetic perimetry. In contrast to a conventional anomaloscope, the "red/white dissociation ratio" (RWR) allows to describe protanopia numerically. For the majority of subjects with protanopia a restriction for faint red stimuli was found. Purpose Comparing the horizontal visual field extensions for red and white stimuli in subjects with protanopia and those with normal trichromacy and assessing the related intra-subject intra-session repeatability. Methods The subjects were divided into groups with protanopia and with normal trichromacy, based on color vision testing (HMC anomaloscope, Oculus, Wetzlar/FRG). Two stimulus characteristics, III4e and III1e, according to the Goldmann-classification, were presented with semi-automated kinetic perimetry (Octopus 900 perimeter, Haag-Streit, Köniz/CH). They moved along the horizontal meridian, with an angular velocity of 3°/s towards the visual field center, starting from either the temporal or nasal periphery. If necessary, a 20° nasal fixation point offset was chosen to capture the temporal periphery of the visual field. For each condition the red/white dissociation ratio (RWR); Pat Appl. DPMA DRN 43200082D) between the extent of the isopter for red (RG610, Schott, Mainz/ FRG) and white stimuli along the horizontal meridian was determined. Results All data are listed as median/interquartile range: Five males with protanopia (age 22.1/4.5 years) and six males with normal trichromacy (control group, age 30.5/15.2 years) were enrolled. The RWR is listed for the right eye, as no clinically relevant difference between right and left eye occurred. Protanopes' RWR for mark III4e (in brackets: control group) was 0.941/0.013 (0.977/0.019) and for mark III1e 0.496/0.062 (0.805/0.051), respectively. Conclusions In this exploratory "proof-of-concept study" red/white dissociation ratio perimetry is introduced as a novel technique aiming at assessing and quantifying the severity of protanopia. Further effort is needed to understand the magnitude of the observed red-/white dissociation and to extend this methodology to a wider age range of the sample and to anomalous trichromacies (protanomalia) with varying magnitude.


This paper discusses representations of polynomials that are positive on intervals of the real line. An elementary and constructive proof of the following is given: If h(x), p(x) ∈ R[x] such that {α ∈ R | h(α) ≥ 0} = [−1, 1] and p(x) > 0 on [−1, 1], then there exist sums of squares s(x), t(x) ∈ R[x] such that p(x) = s(x) + t(x)h(x). Explicit degree bounds for s and t are given, in terms of the degrees of p and h and the location of the roots of p. This is a special case of Schmüdgen's Theorem, and extends classical results on representations of polynomials positive on a compact interval. Polynomials positive on the non-compact interval [0,∞) are also considered.


The evaluation of quantified sentences is used to solve several problems. Most of the methods proposed in the literature are not satisfactory because they do not verify some intuitive properties. In this paper we propose an extension of both possibilistic and probabilistic methods, based on the Sugeno and the Choquet fuzzy integrals respectively, for the evaluation of type II sentences, the most general kind of sentences. These methods verify good properties, and they are shown to be better than existing ones. Some of the properties of the methods allow us to design an efficient algorithm with linear complexity to perform the evaluation under reasonable assumptions.


Transmitter-based signal pre-processing is investigated for the two-dimensional (2-D) OFDM-CDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, code division multiple access) forward link systems, aiming to increase the system sum-capacity and shift the signal processing complexity of a mobile unit to the base station. For the non-selective fading channels, the optimum pre-processing that achieves the maximum ergodic sum-capacity is obtained by applying the principle of multi-user water filling under the condition of zero multiple access interference (MAI). For the selective fading channels, on the other hand, three sub-optimum methods including ZF (zero-forcing) with power normalization, MMSE (minimum mean square error), and the newly proposed ZF with multi-user water filling are investigated under the constraint of total transmit power. Numerical results show that: (i) The new pre-processing outperforms the traditional other two in terms of achievable sum-capacity, (ii) 2-D spreading pattern should be adapted to the channel conditions so as to minimize MAI and thus maximize the sum-capacity. In this regard, 2-D spreading has advantage over the 1-D one. (iii) The fewer the users scheduled at a time, the higher the system capacity; a result obtained from exploiting the multi-user diversity.


This paper analyzes the implement mechanism of Direct Anonymous Attestation(DAA) scheme,poining out the problems of the DAA scheme.These problems include the breach of anonymity,time expense and authentication between different authentication groups.It also discusses the basic ideas to resolve these problems in some new schemes(including our ongoing research scheme) under development.


Domino CMOS logic circuit family finds a wide variety of applications in microprocessors, digital signal processors, and dynamic memory due to their high speed and low device count. These dynamic circuits are often favored in high performance designs because of the speed advantage offered over static CMOS logic circuits. In this paper, AND gates with different body biasing are compared taking power consumption and delay as parameters. The designs are tested in 32nm technology. The domino AND gate design with least power consumption, delay and power delay product is proposed.


Planners, designers, and decision makers constantly strive to create public gathering spaces within the built environment that respond to people's needs and aesthetic values and help promote social interactions. These plazas are a vital aspect of any university campus and play a valuable role in the overall success of a campus's design. They allow an area for students and faculty to gather, relax, study, reflect, pass time, and interact with the outdoor environment. If planners, designers, and decision makers can understand the interactions between people and these designed spaces, they can effectively create better plazas in the future.


Significance The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins remodel and sever membranes in a wide range of biology, including HIV budding. Electron microscopy has shown that ESCRT-III is often found in contact with concave (negatively curved) membrane surfaces. It has not been possible until now to determine whether the ESCRTs have an inherent preference for binding to concave membrane because it is difficult to make nanoscale concave membranes. Here we have made such membranes on the dimensions of an HIV budding site. We show that ESCRT-III assembly begins (nucleates) much faster on concave membranes, which explains why this complex is recruited in a rapid burst late in HIV budding. The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery functions in HIV-1 budding, cytokinesis, multivesicular body biogenesis, and other pathways, in the course of which it interacts with concave membrane necks and bud rims. To test the role of membrane shape in regulating ESCRT assembly, we nanofabricated templates for invaginated supported lipid bilayers. The assembly of the core ESCRT-III subunit CHMP4B/Snf7 is preferentially nucleated in the resulting 100-nm-deep membrane concavities. ESCRT-II and CHMP6 accelerate CHMP4B assembly by increasing the concentration of nucleation seeds. Superresolution imaging was used to visualize CHMP4B/Snf7 concentration in a negatively curved annulus at the rim of the invagination. Although Snf7 assemblies nucleate slowly on flat membranes, outward growth onto the flat membrane is efficiently nucleated at invaginations. The nucleation behavior provides a biophysical explanation for the timing of ESCRT-III recruitment and membrane scission in HIV-1 budding.


The Partisan movement of 1941–45 in Axis‐ruled Yugoslavia united Serbs, Croats and members of other nationalities in a common resistance to the occupier. However, the various Yugoslav peoples did not participate in the movement to the same degree or in the same manner; support for the Partisans varied according to region and nationality. Since the birth of this movement there have been conflicting claims, both from among its supporters and from the ranks of its enemies, that it was Serb or Croat in character rather than genuinely multinational. Up until the present day both Serbs and Croats as well as Muslims and others lay claim to some aspects of the Partisan heritage whilst rejecting others; a sign of the complexity of the movement's legacy.


The culture determines the meaning of plant vocabularies,and plant vocabularies reflect the rich culture.There are more differences than similarities in the connotative meaning of plant vocabularies between English and Chinese languages.A cross-cultural study between English and Chinese languages in this field will involve the relationship between the connotations of plant vocabularies and the culture,which will make the language learners realize the cultural meaning of the connotations of plant vocabularies and also the richness of culture reflected in the vocabularies of both languages.


This paper describes the design of a piled embankment constructed according to the AuGeo-method for sections of the proposed double railway track RAWANG – IPOH. The railway has to be extended to two tracks. Some sections of the second track will be located adjacent to the existing track. At other sections, both tracks of the railway will be relocated to a more suitable area. The subsoil of a number of sections requires soil improvement works to stabilise the embankment and avoid long-term postsettlements. The basic design was made according to the British Standard BS8006. This standard describes the load systems that have to be included in the calculations. The design was verified using a numerical analysis program called PLAXIS version 7.2. Some remarkable differences were found in the results of the calculations.


Declaration of personal interests: Magnus Simrén has served as a speaker or advisor for AstraZeneca, Novartis, Albireo, Danone, Movetis Addex and Succampo, and has received research funding from AstraZeneca and Danone. Johan Olsson is an employee of KPL Good Food Practice. Ulla Svensson and Kajsa Ohlson are employees of Arla Foods Innovation. Declaration of funding interests: The original study was supported by an unrestricted grant from Arla Foods Innovation, Stockholm, Sweden to the department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. This study was supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council (grant 13409), and by the Faculty of Medicine, University of Göteborg.


долговечности химико - термоупрочненных зубчатых should be oriented to the allowed normal deep contact stress. Discussion and Conclusions . The obtained results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data, but they exceed them a little in some cases. Studies on the plasticity parameter value and its variation depending on the chemical composition of the steel and the TCT type are needed. But already at this stage, the results obtained can be used in the design of heavy-loaded case-hardened gears to determine the surface hardness and the diffusion layer thickness. The application domain includes the tractor track gear transmissions, oil-producing beam engines, mining and handling facilities.


The pandemic caused by the causative agent of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, known as Covid-19, has caused a great threat to the world population, leading thousands of people to seek health services. The first reports began in December 2019, when a series of pneumonia cases of unknown origin emerged in Wuhan, China, with clinical presentations very similar to viral pneumonia (1) with high lethality, mainly in immunocompetent patients and with associated comorbidities. (2) Due to its high spread among people, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared on January 30th, 2020 the outbreak by Covid-19, a Public Health Emergency of international interest and, on March 11 of the same year, it was characterized as a pandemic. (3) The form of transmission in the population is mainly between people after close contact and through respiratory droplets, produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Health professionals are particularly vulnerable to contagion, as they provide direct and ABSTRACT | Objective: To propose the development of prophylactic dressing to prevent pressure injuries on the face of health professionals by the use of a mask during the pandemic caused by Covid-19. Methods: This a methodological study divided into two stages: narrative review of the literature and elaboration of prophylactic dressing, using pre-established criteria by the researchers. Results: The prophylactic dressing, proposed in this study, has a roll presentation, not sterile and should be used only on intact skin. It will be composed of a soft silicone tape, perforated, with micro-adherence, 2.5 cm wide; central layer of extra-fine polyurethane foam, with 1 cm wide; and external polyurethane film. Conclusions: The prophylactic dressing proposal will promote moisture absorption, will reduce pressure and shear and, consequently, pressure injuries on the face of health professionals through the use of individual protection masks.


PURPOSE
To elucidate the distribution of mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) and to study the relationship between MOPP and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a south Indian subpopulation with diabetes.

METHODS
This study was a population-based, cross-sectional evaluation of 1368 subjects, aged ≥40 years, with type 2 diabetes. DR was diagnosed on the basis of the modified Klein classification. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were recorded with a mercury sphygmomanometer. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was assessed by applanation tonometry. MOPP was derived by the formula: MOPP = 2/3;[DBP + 1/3;(SBP - DBP)] - IOP.

RESULTS
The mean ± SD for MOPP was 52.6 ± 9.0 mm Hg, higher in the women than in the men (P = 0.046). In comparison to subjects without DR, MOPP was higher in the men with sight-threatening DR (STDR) (P = 0.030) and higher in women with any DR (P = 0.008) and non-STDR (P = 0.006). However, on multivariate analysis after adjustment for all factors, MOPP was found not to be associated with DR (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.99-1.03; P = 0.149), non-STDR (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.99-1.03; P = 0.312), or STDR (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.98-1.05; P = 0.358).

CONCLUSIONS
Univariate analysis revealed very small differences in the association of MOPP and DR in both sexes which are probably of no clinical significance. Multivariate analysis showed no association between MOPP and DR. There seems to be very little evidence of a link between MOPP and DR. It may be more informative to evaluate the association in longitudinal studies.


The invention relates to a power steering system which includes: a hydraulic cylinder that generates a steering assist force; a hydraulic control valve that has a spool that adjusts the state of supply and drainage of the hydraulic fluid to and from the hydraulic cylinder based on a position of the spool; a driving unit that displaces the spool by driving the spool with a predetermined driving force; and a determination unit that determines that there is an abnormality in the hydraulic control valve when the driving force for displacing the spool falls outside a predetermined range.


Abstract : The U.S. Army Research Laboratory performed a series of pilot studies for the Countermine Division at the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate concerning how a mine detection sensor suite might be implemented on a teleoperated unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). The studies addressed five areas: mobility, human factors, radio communications, the use of infrared cameras for remote driving, and options for attaching the sensor array to the UGV. This report describes the proposed countermine system, the issues identified by the studies, and recommendations concerning how such a system might be implemented.


This paper compares multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) with cyclically prefixed direct sequence CP-DS-CDMA in an uplink channel. For the CP-DS-CDMA scheme, we propose an MMSE-based multi-user detection (MUD) technique, which recovers code orthogonality among users destroyed by frequency-selective fading in the frequency domain. On the other hand, it is well known that the peak to power average ratio (PAPR) of a single carrier transmission scheme is lower than that of a multi-carrier transmission scheme. Thus, from the viewpoint of the PAPR issue, this paper studies the effect of resolution bits of the digital to analog converter (DAC) at the transmitter and the analog to digital converter (ADC) at the receiver on both schemes. Then, this paper evaluates the performance of the two schemes by computer simulations.


Telemarketing emerged as a major force in business-to-business selling during the past decade and fundamentally changed industrial selling practices. The majority of writers suggest that alliances between inside and outside salespeople will result in increased profits, but a few have also noted the propensity for the development of tensions between the two groups. In investigating the effect that the introduction of telemarketing has on the jobs of outside sales representatives, the researchers found that the use of telemarketing changes the work roles of outside sales reps and that success in telemarketing was associated with even greater changes in the work of the outside sales-forces. The research found also that support of sales management and the outside salesforce are important in achieving success in telemarketing. Implications for management and theory are drawn.


The Taiwanese species of Phygasia are reviewed. Phygasia diluta Chujo, 1963 is recognized as a valid species and is removedfrom synonymy with P. ornata Baly, 1876. It is a senior subjective synonym of P. taiwanensis Ge et al., 2010. The widely dis-tributed P. ornata Baly, 1876 is not found on the island of Taiwan but occurs on the Kinmen Island. A new species, P. chengi, parapatric with P. diluta, is described. A key to the Taiwanese species of Phygasia is provided.


The design and implementation of self-constructed online medical video on-demand system in higher vocational colleges were discussed in detail from the angles of digital library construction,teaching method reform,need and use of teaching resources,system function design,system platform construction technology,followed by an analysis of its utilization and suggestions for improving its design deviations.


In 2007, one of the authors (Ting) filed a patent related to methods that employ lipoic acid ligase to label proteins. While our article reports a method based on lipoic acid ligase, the findings of this study did not constitute the basis of the patent application and as a result, the authors did not originally declare this patent.

We apologize for this omission and would like to disclose that we hold the patent 11/983605 related to methods that employ lipoic acid ligase to label proteins.


The cultivation of oleaginous yeasts on various agro-industrial residues and the subsequent production of microbial lipids (single-cell oils), which can be used as starting materials for the synthesis of both "second generation" biodiesel and various types of oleochemicals, is considered as one of the most important approaches of the Industrial Biotechnology, in terms of circular economy and green and sustainable development. In this study, seven wild-type non-conventional yeast strains were evaluated for their growth on a semi-defined medium with cheese whey lactose as a sole carbon source. Five of these strains were further batch-cultivated into the complex substrate that contained second cheese whey, which is the main by-product of Mizithra whey cheese manufacture, after centrifugation and filtration without any extra mineral salts, carbon, or nitrogen source addition. All these five strains grown in second cheese whey produced mainly yeast biomass and to lesser extent microbial lipids and other interesting metabolites, such as polysaccharides. The strain Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 produced the highest total dry weight (TDW) amount (22.4 g/L), that contained 3.4 g/L of intra-cellular lipids, followed by C. curvatus NRRL Y-1511, which produced 20.6 g/L of TDW and 3.2 g/L lipids. A novel, non-previously systematically studied strain, namely Papiliotrema laurentii NRRL Y-2536, produced significant quantities of TDW (22.0 g/L) and, interestingly, secreted quantities of exopolysaccharides. Fed-batch shake-flask cultivation of C. curvatus ATCC 20509 in pretreated second cheese whey, pulse-supplemented with condensed cheese whey-derived lactose, led to the significant TDW quantity of 38.1 g/L that contained c. 57% w/w of total lipids (lipids at a concentration 21.7 g/L were produced). Cellular lipids of all microorganisms, mainly stored as triacylglycerols, contained in variable quantities the fatty acids Δ9C18:1, C16:0, Δ9,12C18:2 and C18:0, constituting perfect candidates for the synthesis of "second generation" biodiesel.


Henoch - schonlein purpura nephritis clinical prevalent,persistent refractory,is a difficult disease. This sickness cause of disease pathogenesis is complex,Stasis throughout the disease has always been, ran more critical is the tone of renal photo a direct impact on the development of the disease prognosis.According to this sickness different time morbidity pathogenesis,draws up the medication stress to be different, instructs the clinical practice.


The difficulty of working mothers in stimulating the development of children's language was the lack of quality time for stimulation, the child was given a "leftover" time by the mother after the mother worked and the condition was tired after work. The study aimed to look for the predictor of language development achievement in under five years old children. The study design was analytic correlation. The study population was under five years old children with their mother (employed and unemployed) in  Mojokerto District as many as 760 respondents. Sample of 102 respondents were taken using cluster random sampling. Sources of data used primary data, the instrument used a questionnaire and DDST, and collection of DDST data through observation. This research used logistic regression test. The Research result showed that mother's job influenced children language development with the analysis result p-value 0,000 < 0,05, while  the children's gender also influenced their language development with p-value 0,046 < 0,05. From this research, it could be known that the working mothers had less time to motivate their children to learn a good language. Female children had a better language development than the male ones because female children had less activities


During early November 2013, the magnetosphere experienced concurrent driving by a coronal mass ejection (CME) during an ongoing high‐speed stream (HSS) event. The relativistic electron response to these two kinds of drivers, i.e., HSS and CME, is typically different, with the former often leading to a slower buildup of electrons at larger radial distances, while the latter energizing electrons rapidly with flux enhancements occurring closer to the Earth. We present a detailed analysis of the relativistic electron response including radial profiles of phase space density as observed by both Magnetic Electron and Ion Sensor (MagEIS) and Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope instruments on the Van Allen Probes mission. Data from the MagEIS instrument establish the behavior of lower energy (<1 MeV) electrons which span both intermediary and seed populations during electron energization. Measurements characterizing the plasma waves and magnetospheric electric and magnetic fields during this period are obtained by the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science instrument on board Van Allen Probes, Search Coil Magnetometer and Flux Gate Magnetometer instruments on board Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, and the low‐altitude Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites. These observations suggest that during this time period, both radial transport and local in situ processes are involved in the energization of electrons. The energization attributable to radial diffusion is most clearly evident for the lower energy (<1 MeV) electrons, while the effects of in situ energization by interaction of chorus waves are prominent in the higher‐energy electrons.


Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a serious public health problem as evidenced by findings that high‐dose administration of this stimulant causes persistent dopaminergic deficits in both non‐human and human models. Noteworthy, adolescent (i.e., postnatal day (PND) 40) rats are less susceptible to this damage than young adult (PND90) rats. Further, bi‐weekly treatment with METH, beginning at PND40 and continuing throughout development, prevents the persistent dopaminergic deficits caused by a "challenge" high‐dose METH regimen when administered at PND90. Mechanisms underlying this "resistance" in rats treated with METH during development were thus investigated. Results revealed that METH treatment throughout development attenuated both acute and persistent effects on monoaminergic transporter function caused by a challenge METH treatment. METH treatment during development also attenuated the hyperthermic response caused by a "challenge" METH treatment. Mechanisms underlying these phenomena, including the role of pharmacokinetics, will be discussed. (Supported by: DA09407, 019447, 013367, 00869, 11389, 04222, 00378)


Existing bearing fault diagnosis approaches utilize signal processing techniques in combination with vibration measurements. The common vibration measurement method, using accelerometer, has disadvantages such as position-constrains, high costs and external interferences. Meanwhile, the commonly used modelling methods of motor are not able to analyse both mechanic and electromagnetism simultaneously. For detecting the fault-related frequencies in motor current, a mathematical model is developed in this paper based on modified winding function approach (MWFA). The simulation results show that the fault-related characteristic frequencies can be exactly found in the spectrum results of motor current. The proposed method is proven to be feasible.


In the present study, photoneutron production using a 5 MeV electron linear accelerator (LINAC) was investigated based on new photoneutron cross-sections (IAEA/PD-2019.2) from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). A detailed reconsideration of a past study has been done in order to make a photoneutron source based on a heavy water target. In this regard, new cross-sections of deuterium and beryllium were added to the library of the MCNP6.1 Monte Carlo code for the simulation of photoneutron production. In addition, the FLUKA4-3.0 Monte Carlo code was employed for comparison and data validation. Moreover, the obtained results from those two codes (MCNP and FLUKA) were compared and discussed with the theory and the previous study. Finally, it is concluded that the simulation of photoneutron production through an electron LINAC can have relatively different results based on the photoneutron cross-sections and even on the Monte Carlo code used. Therefore, a special attention should be paid to the difference between photoneutron cross-sections as well as the difference in Monte Carlo codes to maintain reliability.


The aim of this article is to present and to apply the experimental study of samples taken from the reservoir (petrophysical, static, and dynamic analysis) that presents the immiscible displacement of multiphase flow in porous media and to obtain an optimal yield in the exploitation of the reservoirs. The effect of capillary phenomena, which is generally neglected in multiphase flow studies, has been well taken into account. The numerical study consists in carrying out a reduced physical model (aquifer), assimilated to a stack of parallel layers, of constant thickness and of different characteristics, initially saturated with the pollutant. The injection of the aqueous phase through an injector well allows to push the pollutant to the recovery well. The mesh chosen to discretize the medium is a three-dimensional Cartesian and the finite difference scheme used is Total Variation Decreasing. The objective is to see the influence of the injection of the aqueous phase on the displacement of pollutant, the determination of the saturation fields of the fluid phases and to reproduce by simulation, certain physical phenomena frequently met in the reality and to identify the parameters that govern them.


Directed at improving the efficiency of treating waste water in Biological Aerated Filter(BAF), the paper introduces the study of the effect of air flow rate, Hydration Retention Time (HRT), and organic loading of input water on the removal rate of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and NH3-N using activated carbon, zeolite, architecture keramics and engineering keramics as stuffings. The results show that when HRT=1.5 h, COD=150 mg/L, organic loading=2.41 kg COD/(m3·d), the effluent COD from biofilters filled with two kinds of keramics is less than 25 mg/L ; when influent organic loading is 0.74 kg COD/(m3·d), the COD value from biofilter stuffed with engineering keramics is less than 10 mg/L . As a result, engineering keramics represents the optimum choice for stuffing Biological Aerated Filter.


Evolutionary Biology![Figure][1]

Placodes (dark blue) indicate the development of crocodile scales.

PHOTO: COPYRIGHT UNIGE 2016 (TZIKA, DI-POI, MILINKOVITCH)

The skin appendages of reptiles, birds, and mammals are so extraordinarily different from one another that they have been hypothesized to have arisen independently, but this turns out not to be the case. Di-Poi and Milinkovitch examined scale development in crocodiles, lizards, and snakes and in a scaleless, mutant lizard. They found that scales, like feathers and hair follicles, develop from localized thickened regions in the embryo, called placodes, and all follow similar molecular developmental pathways.

Sci. Adv. 2 , 10.1126.sciadv.1600708 (2016).

 [1]: pending:yes


An abdominal computed tomographic examination was performed to 20 patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and to 5 patients with Lymphadenopathy Syndrome (LAS). Intraabdominal lymph nodes were seen in 18 out of 20 cases of AIDS and in 5 cases of LAS. Lymph nodes have a normal size or are slightly enlarged but they are too numerous. Splenomegaly was found in 17 patients. Rectal modifications secondary to a proctitis were seen in the homosexual patients.


Abstract Student engagement is a complex phenomenon, with diverse interpretations, even within further and higher education. This article presents three potential, interconnected, novel models which provide a measure of unification of the range of interpretations and hence may improve understanding of the broad phenomenon. The models emerged from a study of computing students but should be relevant across a wide range of disciplines. They are presented as being provisional but they should be useful in providing modifiable frameworks for the investigation of engagement issues and in student support activity. The first model is in the form of a force-field diagram, identifying forces which drive for, and those which drive against, student engagement. The second identifies four possible levels of student engagement created by an individual's responses to those forces. The final model represents an individual student's engagement as comprising four dimensions, encompassing forms of motivation and connectedness. In addition to these models, this article suggests that some students who may appear to be disengaged should more accurately be considered to be 'differently engaged'.


The paper addresses process modeling of advanced composites using Liquid Resin Infusion (LRI) of dry textiles. In fact, prepreg composites give superior mechanical properties due to toughened resins well dispersed in carefully controlled fabric architecture, but suffer from high material costs, limited formability, complex/expensive manufacturing and limited shelf life. LRI technologies can overcome these limitations, but are notoriously difficult to infuse in a predictable manner, thus requiring difficult, costly, experimentation of alternative infusion strategies, cf. ref. [1].


Front crawl swimming velocity is related to the swimming technique, i.e. it is modified by the swimmer depending on the swimming distance. The technique mastery also determines the athlete's somatic indices and physiological abilities. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to examine factors affecting front crawl swimming results at distances of 400 m, 100 m and 25 m in elite young swimmers. Basic procedures. The athletes were divided into two age groups (n = 15): G1 (16.8 ± 0.77 years) and G2 (14.7 ± 0.50 years). Five laboratory tests were carried out: one for anaerobic power – vertical jump test (CMJ), two one-minute-long anaerob ic endurance tests with arms (TWAR) and legs (TWLG), and two incremental tests to assess the anaerobic threshold for arms (WL LT AR ) and legs (WL LT LG). Swimming tests were performed at distances of 400, 100 and 25 m to measure the stroke rate (SR), stroke length (SL) and arm coordination index (IdC). Main findings. Swimming velocity in the 400 m race revealed the strongest correlation with SR, further indices obtained from the regression analysis were SL400 and WL LT AR. At a distance of 100 m swimming velocity was determined by power indices such as the CMJ test, SR100 and IdC. The velocity at 25 m was dependent on the greatest number of indices, i.e. SR25, CMJ, SL and IdC. Conclusion. Front crawl swimming velocity at different distances depends equally on stroke length (SL) or arm movement trajectory as well as stroke rhythm (SR and IdC) individually, matching the swimmer's fu nctional capability.


In recent decades, non-monotonous, informal patterns of reasoning have awakened a renewed interest among psychologists, economists and educationalists. Computer scientists and information systems professionals could also benefit from getting better acquainted with new research on how people think and act in the real world. The purpose of the paper is not to make an empirical contribution but to present a general argument in favour of a psychological approach to logic and its application to Human Computer Interaction (HCI), focusing especially on abduction. Abduction is a form of everyday reasoning that people typically use under uncertainty in a context. Abduction may help us better understand the epistemic conditions of advanced HCI ‐ which increasingly takes place in authentic surroundings instead of in a laboratory-like setting ‐ thus contributing to better research and design. HCI design should enhance our natural capacities and behaviour, which at the same time could mean creating new freedoms in the structures of everyday life.


We present a learner corpus-based study of English article use ("a"/"the"/Ø) by L2 learners with four typologically distinct first languages (L1s): German and Brazilian Portuguese (both have articles), Chinese and Russian (no articles). We investigate several semantic and morphosyntactic factors—for example, specificity, prenominal modification that can affect article use. Our analysis of 660 written scripts from the Education First Cambridge Open Database confirms the lower overall accuracy of learners with no-article L1s. Our main finding is the differential effect of specificity on definite and indefinite articles: learners tend to associate specificity with "a," which implies article omission with nonspecific indefinite singulars and overuse of "a" with specific indefinite mass nouns. Prenominal modifiers further contribute to perceived specificity, leading to article overuse with modified indefinite mass nouns. However, in definite contexts, prenominal modifiers are associated with increased article omission.


A mobile terminal having binocular cameras. The mobile terminal comprises: a photographing module, configured to control a first camera and a second camera to photograph by using the same photographing parameter when a wide-angle photographing command is received, wherein the sum of an angle between the first camera after rotating and the plane where an automatic rotating axis of the first camera is located and an angle between the second camera after rotating and the plane where an automatic rotating axis of the second camera is greater than zero, and is smaller than a half of the field angle sum of the first camera and the second camera; a photo acquiring module, configured to acquire a first photo photographed by the first camera and a second photo photographed by the second camera; and a photo combining module, configured to splice and combine the first photo and the second photo into a wide-angle photo. The technical solution is able to conveniently and quickly photograph a wide-angle photo with good imaging quality.


Abstract : This project involved three phases: measuring the heat and pressure generated by various igniter systems, evaluation of the ability of these systems to ignite Lova in a closed bomb, and finally, sampling and analysis of the low pressure combustion products of Lova propellant. The primary goal of this work was to develop a diagnostic methodology to design and evaluate igniter materials for Lova propellants. To measure the heat output and pressure generated by the various igniter materials, a closed bomb was fitted with an instrumented copper liner to serve as a calorimeter. Pellets were made of each formulation, loaded into a primer tube and fired in the calorimeter. Later, tests were done igniting both small and large grains of Lova propellant with the primers characterized above. Ignition time and the reproducibility of the ignition time was measured and compared to the measured heat output and theoretical values for temperature, oxygen content and condensed phase content. The results show that a balance between heat content, oxygen production and condensed phase fraction is needed to get good, reproducible ignition of Lova propellant. Ignition time may be closely related to heat content, but reproducibility increases with oxygen content. The gaseous combustion products sampling experiments were done by using the rupture disks designed to fail at various pressures allowing the venting of the combustion products into a large vessel. Gas samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. These preliminary test results showed that the use of an igniter which has significant oxygen content drives the combustion products of the Lova propellant toward completion, i.e., equilibrium.


In 1957 Gough Whitlam published a lengthy essay - originally given as a lecture at Melbourne University - entitled The Constitution Versus Labor. This title was a reference to the problems of constitutional validity that might be faced by a future Labor government - still 15 years away as it happened - particularly in light of the High Court's striking down of the bank nationalisation and airline nationalisation legislation by the Chifley government in the late 1940s. A little over half a century later the subject might be reformulated as the Constitution - perhaps more accurately the Constitution as interpreted by the High Court - versus the states.


In a recent speech M ajor General Philip B. Fleming, Administrator of the Federal Works Agency, used the parable of Noah and the Ark to illustrate our present situation in the United States. It presents an apt parallel. W e all know how Noah planned against impending calamity and so saved himself, his family and the animals, two by two. The sneers of his compatriots, who failed to make provision, died gur gling on their lips. Of course, Noah had certain advantages to guide his planning which we do not possess. He had had a special weather forecast straight from an infallible source, and his determination as to what was necessary for him to do was beset with no complications. His decision to build himself a boat was based upon the simplest of considerations. Unfortu nately, we find ourselves in a more involved situation than Noah's as we face planning to deal with a certain post-war flood of men seeking employment. As it seems unlikely that we shall receive any special guidance from any source beyond this world, it behooves us to do some straight thinking among ourselves. . Much thought and interest today are being devoted to the post-war problem. The words, "post-war problem," have become almost as familiar and inseparable as the words "ham and eggs." But the phrase means different things to different men. M y remarks are directed generally to but one phase of the problem ; namely, the part which construction can play in the post-war period, and they are directed particularly to the role of public works in the construction field. I doubt if I shall leave with you any pearls of engineering wisdom, but I do hope to stimulate your thinking. As a matter of fact, I doubt if ever before has there been so much interest in general planning for the future as there is at the present time. But there lies in all this thought and discussion a dark thread of fear. We fear the possibility of large-scale unemployment after our victory at arms; and thousands


The present paper examines and evaluates research experiences in the area of the history of Islamic economic thought during the last 30 years with the objective to see the pace of research and its coverage, both author-wise and idea-wise, and to determine the future research agenda in the light of the past progress and trends of the literature. The paper begins with a brief survey of the early literature on the history of Islamic economic thought, prior to 30-years, to provide a background. Then it studies and evaluates the research during the last thirty years, 1976-2006. It finds that hitherto the research in the history of Islamic economic thought has been language, region and period specific – Arabic, the Middle East and up to 9th/15th century respectively. More attention has been paid to write on economic thought of few personalities than others. The situation is still worse in case of idea-wise research. However, this literature has exerted some effects on scholars of the main stream economic thought and a few of them are trying to rehabilitate it in the main body of economic thought. At the end, the paper emphasizes on need for intensive and extensive research to include more personalities, ideas, periods, languages and regions and to write a systematic history of the subject.


This final project report is written based on the job training in Garuda Indonesia Sales Office Solo, Central Java. This final project report has purposes to explain the profile of PT. Garuda Indonesia and to identify the concept of the "Garuda Indonesia Experience" in PT. Garuda Indonesia. The result of this report shows that PT. Garuda Indonesia has done some efforts to provide good service and good image to customers through the new service concept called the "Garuda Indonesia Experience".
PT. Garuda Indonesia) is the national airline of Indonesia. The company is owned by the government of Indonesia. The name of Garuda was taken from a giant bird of Hinduism and Buddhist mythology.
The history of Garuda Indonesia was started when Indonesia was fighting for the independence. The first commercial flights of Garuda Indonesia was made on 26 January 1969 with direct flight from Calcutta to Rangoon using a Douglas DC-3 Dakota aircraft with tail number RI 001 and the name of the aircraft was "Indonesia Airways".
In 2009, Garuda Indonesia launched a new concept of service. The new concept of service is called the "Garuda Indonesia Experience". The concept of the "Garuda Indonesia Experience" is adopted from the best from Indonesia that reflects the best in Indonesian hospitality.
The "Garuda Indonesia Experience" is designed to touch the five senses; sight, sound, taste, scent, touch. The points of the service are the unique Indonesian materials and ornaments, the exotic aroma of Indonesian flowers and herbs, the sound of Indonesia folk music and the taste of Indonesian traditional food and beverage.


Abstract : This report provides description of proposed action to detoxify 281 lbs of HCN stored at Tooele Army Depot. Environmental effects are analyzed and safety/environmental control aspects described.


The low energy (0.15-3keV) proportional counter detectors of the A-2 experiment on the x-ray astronomy satellite HEAO-1 have detected night-time atmospheric emissions at the limb of the earth. Three observations of this phenomenon occurred during the first two months of operation. On two occasions, fluxes greater than the diffuse galactic background were detected when the detectors scanned the limb in the vicinity of the magnetic conjugate point of the South Atlantic Anomaly. Enhanced emissions were also observed on a single scan of the atmosphere over northern Africa. The x-rays are presumed to result from bremsstrahlung generated by precipitating electrons. In the case of the emissions related to the Anomaly conjugate point,it is suggested that the electrons were secondaries backscattered from the atmosphere above the Anomaly during the intensified precipitation of radiation belt particles that occurs throughout a magnetic storm recovery period. These initial observations demonstrate that the earth's atmosphere can be a significant x-ray source at low latitudes as well as in the auroral zones, and hence that it may be practical to remotely monitor the global morphology of particle precipitation by satellite observations of terrestrial x-rays.


1. Chauvaud S, Serraf A, Milhaileanu S, Soyer R, Blondeau P, Dubost C, et al. Ventricular septal defect associated with aortic valve incompetence: results of two surgical managements. Ann Thorac Surg. 1990; 49:875-80. 2. Trusler GA, Moes CAF, Kidd BSL. Repair of ventricular septal defect with aortic insufficiency. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1973;66:394-403. 3. Spencer FC, Doyle EF, Danilowicz DA, Bahnson HT, Weldon CS. Long-term evaluation of aortic valvuloplasty for aortic insufficiency and ventricular septal defect. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1973;65:15-31. 4. Kalangos A, Beghetti M, Murith N, Faidutti B. Leaflet's free edge suspension for correction of aortic insufficiency associated with ventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65:566-8. 5. David TE, Armstrong S, Ivanov J, Feindel CM, Omran A, Webb G. Results of aortic valve-sparing operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;122:39-46.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of two teaching techniques: guided peer
feedback and guided self-assessment. The study seeks to establish whether the provision of any of
these two treatments in an ESL composition class affects the quality of students. compositions. Data
for this study comes from compositions written by students in two classes in one of the community
junior secondary schools in Botswana. All the writing was done during class time. Results of this
investigation suggest that guided peer feedback seems superior to guided self-assessment in assisting
in the reduction of micro-level errors.


A backup position determination mode based on state machine control for high pressure common rail diesel engine was proposed.In model YN30CR,4 cylinder high pressure common rail diesel engine,aiming at requirements of accuracy,security,availability and rapidity,the position determination strategy in conditions that certain sensor signal is normal,distorted,absent and disturbed,was investigated,including the normal rapid engine position determination mode in the condition of normal sensor signals and the backup mode in the condition of certain fault sensor signal.Rapid prototype experiment result based INTERCRIO-ES1000 indicates that system state machine transfers among different states according to signal variation in the conditions of sensor signal normal,distorted,absent and disturbed,and the system makes effective,safe and rational responses.Under the backup mode with individual crankshaft signal,firing start time is longer 30.6% ~ 58.1%,and under the backup mode with individual camshaft signal,firing start time is longer 196.7% than that of normal rapid mode.