Given sets C and R in d-dimensional space, take a constant intensity Poisson point process on R; the associated scan statistic S is the maximum number of Poisson points in any translate of C. As R becomes large with C fixed, bounded and open but otherwise arbitrary, the distribution of S becomes concentrated on at most two adjacent integers. A similar result holds when the underlying Poisson process is replaced by a binomial point process, and these results can be extended to a large class of nonuniform distributions. Also, similar results hold for other finite-range scanning schemes such as the clique number of a geometric graph.


This paper proposes a new definition of the term 'subculture', as a way of better understanding hybrid identities specific to East-Central Europe, before applying this definition to a case study from the now-Ukrainian city of L'viv from around 1900. The first section outlines the theory, arguing that the continued focus on the nation state – either from the 'top down', or else the 'bottom up' as a source of contestation, by historians and anthropologists, has limited the ability to study groups in the interstices of the national projects that typically remain defined in monolithic ethno-linguistic terms. It examines the theoretical term 'subcultures' to propose a new definition that accounts for such hybridity, by having particular sensitivity to context (historical, social, geographical) and cultural practice, in addition to any prevailing national narratives at a given time. The case study in the second section focuses on linguistic hybridity in the city then known more commonly as Lemberg (German) or Lwow (Polish). It argues that Lemberg/Lwow/L'viv produced an urban dialect that blended Polish, Ukrainian, Yiddish and German elements. This dialect should be reassessed as a mixed, hybrid or transitional code, rather than as a linguistic variant of a titular nation. Archival evidence – in particular, court records – is quoted to show that at the lower end of L'viv society, people routinely mixed and transcended linguistic and, thereby, ethnic and religious boundaries. This offers direct evidence of a specific subsection, or subculture, in urban life where people interacted and intermingled intensely. As such, the paper offers new possibilities for investigating 'hybrid' identities, as well as proposing a counterpoint to recent research focusing on deliberate indifference or opposition to national segregation for various socio-political, economic and cultural reasons (Judson 2006: 19–65; King 2002; Zahra 2008).


Abstract Drawing on Weber's [(1972). Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft: Grundriss der verstehenden Soziologie [Economy and society. An outline of interpretive sociology]. (5th ed.). Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck] theories of social stratification and closure, and on Parkin's [(1979). Marxism and class theory. London: Tavistock] development thereof, this paper contributes a case study of Germany to the literature on closure processes (rather than outcomes), and outcomes falling short of professionalization. It explores the early history of the first German association of auditors, the Verband Deutscher Bücherrevisoren (VDB), founded in 1896. The paper traces how closure was pursued, at various times, by different means and to different degrees, depending on the changing social, economic and political contexts and on changing perception of what would best serve the association's interest. By thus focusing on the shifting aims and strategies of the VDB, the paper contributes new insights into the dynamics within professions and between professions and their environments, and the dynamics and conditions underlying failed professionalization projects. The paper shows that, while the VDB had a degree of success in creating many of the structure and processes of a modern professional body, its ambition to achieve market and professional closure was not fulfilled.


Introduction: Leprosy is responsible for disability and deformity among patients. Nerve damage is one of the main features of leprosy and it is the main cause of disability in the patients. Developing deformity leads to restriction in professional work and hence reduced income as well as it also acts adversely on social wellbeing. The aim of this study was to study the spectrum of Grade 2 disability among all leprosy patients attending outpatient and inpatient according to WHO grading and to find the association with Ridley Jopling classification. Methods: It was an observational cross sectional hospital based study. All the inpatients and outpatients of leprosy getting treatment and were on follow up in the Department of Dermatology between December 2017 to November 2019 were included. Details of disability and deformity were recorded and were Classified as per WHO grading and Ridley Jopling classification. Cross tab was used in descriptive analysis to compare between different variables and data was analysed in percentage. Results: A total of 88 patients were included in the study. Maximum number of patients 41 (46.7%) belonged to 30 to 50 years of age group. Various degrees of loss of sensation was seen in all patients and total number of patients with Grade 1 disability were 68 (77.3%) and Grade 2 disability were 20 (22.7%). Maximum number of patients 11 (12.5%) with Grade 2 disability was seen in Lepromatous Leprosy. Conclusions: Disability and deformity can occur in any spectrum of disease and intervention as early as possible will help reduce the incidence.


High-resolution spectroscopy was obtained of the FU orionis stars FU Ori and V1057 Cyg between 1995 and 2002 with the SOFIN spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope and with HIRES at Keck I. During these years FU Ori remained about 1 mag (in B) below its 1938-39 maximum brightness, but V1057 Cyg (B ≈ 10.5 at peak in 1970-1971) faded from about 13.5 to 14.9 and then recovered slightly. Their photospheric spectra resemble that of a rotationally broadened, slightly veiled supergiant of about type G0 Ib, with veq sin i = 70 km s-1 for FU Ori, and 55 km s-1 for V1057 Cyg. As V1057 Cyg faded, P Cyg structure in Hα and the IR Ca II lines strengthened and a complex shortward-displaced shell spectrum of low-excitation lines of the neutral metals (including Li I and Rb I) increased in strength, disappeared in 1999, and reappeared in 2001. Several SOFIN runs extended over a number of successive nights so that a search for rapid and cyclic changes in the spectra was possible. These spectra show rapid night-to-night changes in the wind structure of FU Ori at Hα, including clear evidence of sporadic infall. The equivalent width of the P Cyg absorption varied cyclically with a period of 14.8 days, with phase stability maintained over three seasons. This is believed to be the rotation period of FU Ori. The internal structure of its photospheric lines also varies cyclically, but with a period of 3.54 days. A similar variation may be present in V1057 Cyg, but the data are much noisier and that result uncertain. As V1057 Cyg has faded and the continuum level fallen, the emission lines of a preexisting low-excitation chromosphere have emerged. Therefore we believe that the "line doubling" in V1057 Cyg is produced by these central emission cores in the absorption lines, not by orbital motion in an inclined Keplerian disk. No convincing dependence of veq sin i on wavelength or excitation potential was detected in either FU Ori or V1057 Cyg, again contrary to expectation for a self-luminous accretion disk. It was found also that certain critical lines in the near infrared are not accounted for by synthetic disk spectra. It is concluded that a rapidly rotating star near the edge of stability, as proposed by Larson, can better account for these observations. The possibility is also considered that FUor eruptions are not a property of ordinary T Tauri stars but may be confined to a special subspecies of rapidly rotating pre-main-sequence stars having powerful quasi-permanent winds.


Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique wherein low intensity electrical current is applied to the head via scalp-mounted electrodes. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS, a form of tES) is increasingly being used in the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disorders such as stroke recovery, depression, and schizophrenia. However, tDCS-induced electrical current patterns in the brain show marked inter-individual variation due to underlying differences in brain morphology and choice of treatment protocol. It is therefore difficult to predict the clinical outcome of tDCS treatment in a particular subject. In the first part of this work, we develop a simulation workflow wherein high resolution patient-specific finite element models of the brain are used to determine the foci of tDCS-induced electric fields and thus predict the likely efficacy of the treatment. While tDCS can satisfactorily modulate neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex, it is less effective at stimulating deep brain regions implicated in movement and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In patients that cannot be treated for these conditions with medications, a clinical alternative is deep brain stimulation (DBS), wherein electrodes are surgically implanted to modulate the neuronal activity in the affected deep brain region. However, DBS is highly invasive and carries many risks. In the second part of this work, we extend our workflow to incorporate transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) using temporally interfering (TI) electric fields. By carefully selecting the current characteristics and electrode montage, it is possible to effectively stimulate specific deep brain targets while leaving the surrounding normal brain structures unaffected. It may therefore become possible to achieve the benefits of DBS in an entirely noninvasive manner. In this work, we demonstrate the clinical potential of computational modeling for tES treatment planning, including the ability for interactive real-time treatment protocol selection for a specific patient.


In this paper we consider the problem of finding a blackhole pattern in directed unweighted graphs. The problem statement is the same as in an original paper by scientists from University of New-Jersey published in 2010. The paper contributes to the special graph pattern matching, the work results can be used for anomaly detection in finances, natural disasters, urban analysis. This paper aims to propose a novel algorithm for blackhole mining, which would take into account inner structure of the "blackhole" pattern and utilize this knowledge for more efficient mining. This paper reviews previously published solutions and tests them on larger graphs containing up to 1 million of nodes. In particular, an iBlackhole algorithm and its Divide and Conquer modification iBlackholeDC are considered, their weak spots are highlighted and reviewed upon. Graph condensation is introduced as an efficient preprocessing for the problem. This paper provides theorems and definitions describing inner structure of the blackhole pattern. Based on the new theorems, a new approach to enumeration of candidates is introduced as well as rules and heuristics aiming for faster filtration of candidates: they utilize topological sorting of a graph and definition of a "special" node, which is also introduced in this paper. Special nodes properties are described. We propose a novel TopSortBH algorithm. It consists of the graph condensation, candidates enumeration and heuristics for candidates filtration. The algorithm is provided with modification called FastSkip, which allows for more aggressive filtering strategy in time-sensitive cases. All mentioned algorithms are implemented and tested on the IBM Power8 based system. Experimental results show efficiency of the condensation as graph preprocessing for the problem. Strong advantage in found blackholes count is demonstrated for TopSortBH in comparison to iBlackholeDC on RMAT, SSCA2 and UR graphs containing up to 1 million nodes.


Reconstructing cardiac shapes from CMR short axis parallel contours is a prerequisite task for downstreaming analysis and diagnosis. This task, however, is not trivial when the inflow and outflow tract must be taken into account. These tracts are a difficulty for reconstructing whole cardiac shapes from CMR. We aimed to develop a method to reconstruct either left cardiac structure or right cardiac structure with minimal user assistance in a unified geometric framework. Ventricular, atrial, and arteries contours were delineated on short axis images. Cyclic dynamic time wrapping (DTW) method were utilized to triangulate two parallel contours on neighboring imaging slices. Reconstructing three contours on inflow and outflow tracts were divided into two parts. The outer part was reconstructed from the lower contour and the convex hull of two upper contours. The interior part was parobolic surfaces fit to points not existing in the convex hull and the Voronoi cell centroids. All cases were automatically reconstructed successfully with average computational time less than one minute. Reconstructed shape have anatomically reasonable structures.


Vitamin D status is dependent on UVB exposure as well as dietary intake of vitamin D. 25(OH)D is produced from 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin's epidermis under the action of UVB rays. 25(OH)D status throughout the year is to some extent dependent on the UVB exposure in the preceding summer. In the South of England, summer 2006 was less cloudy with a higher number of hours sunshine per day (28% more), a higher mean temperature and less rainfall than summer 2007. There has been little empirical investigation to the differential effects of weather on vitamin D status, but theoretically a cloudy, cooler and wet summer could be detrimental to vitamin D status, due to less UVB radiation being able to penetrate clouds and reach the skin, as well as the wearing of heavier clothing and more time spent indoors. Therefore, it was hypothesized that in spring 2008 women would have lower 25(OH)D than in spring 2007 due to lower production of 25(OH)D in the previous summer. Two hundred and seventy-nine Caucasian and 86 South Asian preand post-menopausal women were assessed every season for serum 25(OH)D, vitamin D intake and UVB exposure as part of the D-FINES study (June 2006–May 2007). Subjects were invited back for another serum 25(OH)D and diet assessment in spring 2008. All women who attended both spring appointments and had not started to take vitamin supplements after the main study ended were included in this analysis. A Wilcoxon signed ranks test (non-parametric data) was used to assess difference in 25(OH)D between the two paired spring measurements. As can be seen in Table 1, this showed no significant difference between 25(OH)D in the two springs for all women, or any ethnic and menopausal subgroup. This research suggests that contrary to theoretical predictions, cloudy and wet summer weather may not necessarily translate into a detriment to vitamin D status later in the year. Indeed, there was no significant difference between vitamin D status in the spring following a cloudy than a non-cloudy summer. This finding is important as it allows simplification of sun exposure advice for achieving adequate vitamin D status.


Lactobacilli,an important intestinal microbiota in human and animals,plays dominant role on the maintaining of gastrointestinal tract(GIT) stability and the intestinal health.The cell surface layer protein(S-layers,slp) was considered to be exhibited important role on the competitively inhibit pathogens.In this manuscript,the distribution,characters and the study methods were reviewed and introduced.


This study aims to determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction, the effect of product quality on customer satisfaction, the effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty, the effect of service quality on customer loyalty, the effect of product quality on customer loyalty, the effect of service quality on customer loyalty through the satisfaction variable. customers, the effect of product quality on customer loyalty through satisfaction variables. This research was conducted at PT. Balrich Logistik Jakarta by involving 98 customers of the company. Data analysis used path analysis with Partial Least Square (PLS) model with t test. Based on the results of data analysis, it is obtained that service quality has no significant effect on customer loyalty, product quality has a significant effect on customer loyalty, customer satisfaction has a significant effect on customer loyalty, service quality significantly affects customer satisfaction, product quality has a significant effect on customer satisfaction, the indirect effect of service quality on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction is greater than the direct effect and the indirect effect of product quality on customer satisfaction through customer satisfaction is greater than the direct effect.


The growth of output in OECD member countries has been abruptly checked. Helped perhaps by relatively favourable weather, industrial production appears to have increased by 1-1½ per cent in the first quarter. In the second, however, there seems to have been quite a significant fall in Western Europe as well as in the United States, and a marked slowing down of growth in Japan (table 1). We no longer expect the aggregate rise for the year in member countries to be any more than ½ per cent (implying a drop of similar magnitude from the first quarter's rate), and the OECD secretariat has been forecasting a marginal fall. In terms of GDP the change of trend has been less pronounced but may well have been equally general. Though both we and OECD are expecting a rise of a little more than 1 per cent for the whole of 1980, some fall seems likely in the second half of the year.


The WavePropaGator (WPG) package is a new interactive cross-platform open-source software framework for modeling of coherent and partially coherent X-ray wavefront propagation. The WPG addresses the needs of beamline scientists and user groups to facilitate the design, optimization and improvement of X-ray optics to meet their experimental requirements. The paper presents a general description of the package and gives some recent application examples.


Nowadays, social networks media are heavily used by cyber terrorist organizations to exchange information, and manage their malicious activities. Effective approaches to understand cyber terrorist organizations structures, working strategies, and operation tactics are required to develop security solutions to prevent their activities. Usually, a terrorist organization includes several sub-groups sharing common proprieties. However, the subgroups may differ in their degree of activities and roles. Hence, understating the topology of a terrorist organization and its operations methods is important to develop efficient prevention solutions. In this paper, we discuss the foundation of an approach for detecting cyber terrorist subgroups, as well as its evaluation and efficiency using data on cyber terrorist groups. The approach is based on an evidential clustering method. In fact, objects (known also as network members) within a cyber terrorist group can be classified into various sub-classes, such as military, finance and local leaders committees. Belief functions are used to describe the membership of nodes to clusters (sub-communities). The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a set of clustering results, regarding the classification of cyber terrorist actors and the allocation of the appropriate degree to each member of a given class. Experimental results show the efficiency and the accuracy of our CECM based approach not only in classifying cyber terrorist actors into the aforementioned communities, but also in allocating a degree of membership for each member to each sub-class.


This study aims to analyse the influence of Situational Leadership, Employee Engagement on Achievement Motivation on 53 Employees of heavy equipment supplier agent companies in Balikpapan, which consists of some employees who are in the department of central rebuild component development (CRC) Balikpapan. The data analysis method used is structural equation modelling (SEM) with a partial least square (PLS) approach. The conclusions in this study have given us information that Situational Leadership does not always have a significant influence on need of achievement motivation with Original Sample (O) 0.128 because of differences in generation and probably some superior didn't get Supervisory training or they never implementing how to handle team with situational leadership way. Employee Engagement has a positive and significant influence on achievement motivation with Original Sample (O) 0.742 because if there is no commitment and involvement, the company's goals will not be achieved.


The paper describes the current decisionmaking structure for trade policy formulation in the Philippines and compares it with the systems in selected countries. It cites difficulties in the current set-up, such as: 1) turf mentality among government agencies that tend to paralyze interagency committees in coming up with an overall position that fully acknowledges trade-offs; 2) lack of appreciation of and capacity for trade research that should inform negotiating positions; 3) unclear delineation of authority; 4) lack of suitable mechanisms for consultation and feedback on negotiation progress and impact, not only regarding tariffs but also of other items under discussion. The paper also stresses the crucial role of trade research in supporting negotiations and suggests ways to strengthen capacity in this area.


Novelty Detection techniques are concept-learning methods that proceed by recognizing positive instances of a concept rather than differentiating between its positive and negative instances. Novelty Detection approaches consequently require very few, if any, negative training instances. This paper presents a particular Novelty Detection approach to classification that uses a Redundancy Compression and Non-Redundancy Differentiation technique based on the [Gluck & Myers, 1993] model of the hippocampus, a part of the brain critically involved in learning and memory. In particular, this approach consists of training an autoencoder to reconstruct positive input instances at the output layer and then using this autoencoder to recognize novel instances. Classification is possible, after training, because positive instances are expected to be reconstructed accurately while negative instances are not. The purpose of this paper is to compare HIPPO, the system that implements this technique, to C4.5 and feedforward neural network classification on several applications.


The stereochemical details of the incorporation of alkali ions into the beryl structure axe examined by multi-nuclear MAS NMR spectroscopy and single*rystal structure refinement. The 2eSi signal is narrow in alkali-poor beryl, and broadens with increasing alkali content, a result of the different short-range next-n€arest-neighbor configurations produced by the incorporation of alkalis into the structnre; we designate this substitutional broadening, and calculate its value from the proposed local configurations and the method of Sherriff & Grundy (1988). Substitutional broadening is observed in the 27AI spectra that also show only [6]-coordinate Al to be present, in agreement with the current and earlier X-ray results. Two 7Li signals are observed, indicating that Li occurs both as a framework constituent and as a channel species. The crystal structures of the four samples were refined, to R indices of 2-390 using MoKcr X radiation, The distance expands linearly with increasing Li :+ Be substitution at this site, but the O-Be-O bond angles remain unchanged. This substitution produces a bond-valence deficiency at the O(2) anion. This is compensated by lengthening of Si-O(l) and Si-O(l)a, and contraction of Si-O(2) with increasing Li + Be substitution. All samples of alkali-bearing beryl examined show residual electron density in the channels due to occupancy by alkali ions; all show more density at the 2a site than at the 2b site. Comparison of these residual densities with known alkali contents confinns previous work tlut assigned Cs to the 2a position. The electron density observed at the 2b position correlates well with the Na contents and is iniufficient to account for the H2O; thu$ we assign Na to 2b and H2O to 24. Local stereochemistry and analytical rerults suggest tlat Na is bonded to two H2O groups in the channel.


This paper describes a unique, fully integrated NMOS device capable of operation at 500 volts. The chip consists of 16 active, pull-up devices, 16 corresponding pull-down drivers, a 16 bit shift register with latch for serial to parallel conversion and gating logic. Each high voltage switching pair employs transistors with closed geometry, polysilicon field plates, resistive circuit elements and capacitive bootstrapping. No deep diffusion, epitaxial layer or dielectric isolation is required. The low voltage logic is comprised of conventional NMOS components and drives the high voltage devices directly. It is isolated from the high voltage areas by grounding rings and operates from TTL voltage levels. The HVMOS switching array has been fabricated and tested. Results indicate that the high voltage fall time is less than 1 us and the rise time is less than 4 us with minimal loading (50 pF). Operation at 500 volts was achieved and quiescent power for the array was less than one watt. Current carrying capability for both the pull-up and pull-down devices exceeds 25 mA and operation above 70 degrees C. was demonstrated. Overall chip size is 205 × 229 mil2housed in a conventional 28 pin DIP. The principal applications for such arrays are in displays and electrographic printers. This paper will discuss the HVMOS switching pair in detail along with the fabrication process and performance parameters. Unique features of this design will be highlighted. Stress tests, which demonstrate good stability and reliability, will also be discussed.


In this highly original and thought provoking work Dominick Jenkins provides a meticulously researched history of the First World War origins of the current relationship between the American Presidency and the US weapons laboratories. Jenkins shows how Woodrow Wilson and the first modern weapons laboratories present Americans as living on a new high-technology frontier. They were faced by German and Russian "outlaws" whose aircraft and poison gas would soon threaten them with annihilation from the air. Tragically this depiction undermined the post-war opportunity for peace and prepared the way for a century of war. The comparisons Jenkins draws with the contemporary situation are clear and compelling: As with the German sinking of the Lusitania in 1915, the 11 September attacks are now being used to convince Americans to back the expansion of presidential power with a permanent war against rogue states and terrorists. But the history of the weapons laboratories underscores the danger. The post Cold war opportunity for peace may be lost, and the memory of that chance erased. This book is a clarion call to join the resistance against te return of empire ands a stirring manifesto for the emerging global peace movement. Throughout, Jenkins shows how suppressed conceptions of ethics, liberal democracy, military policy, science, and invention can provide us with the means to resist the return of world war. Engaging with theorists such as Foucalt, Lyotard and Agamben, the Final Frontier crosses the boundaries between history, ethics, law, politics, and science, developing a powerful and highly topical argument through the use of vivid historical examples. It will be of interest not only to specialists but to anyone interested in the history of science, technology, and the military, as well as providing compelling reading for activists in the peace, environmental, and anti-globalization movements.


A few words of advice to media companies hoping to maximize their exposure online: Go where your customers are. And that means … social networks. It also means that sometimes you'll have to give away your product for free.


With the accelerating industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction between urban development and land use in China has become increasingly prominent. Land use has interaction effect with urbanization development, economic standard, land use pattern and ecological environment, and so on. The problem that how to implement smart land use under the background of the rationality of urbanization, and to promote coordinated and coupling development of person-land-industry becomes the focus of academia and government. Smart growth is an inevitable choice for sustainable growth of China city with constraints of resources and environment. To be honest, it is very important to integration of this theory with the practice of China cities growth. Based on the proposal, this paper uses all kinds of researches of related low carbon city development for reference from domestic and international under the national new strategic choice of rational urbanization. At the same time, the paper takes Tianjin as a case based on the urban smart growth theory, and is directed against status quo of all counties land use, building evaluation index system for county territory land use from aspects of dimensions economic intensification, resource conservation, urban and rural coordination and environment protection. In addition, this paper adopts the aggregate model which classifies and then orders to evaluate the efficiency of land use and measures the land uses standard so as to provide the scientific reference for path selection of the smart land use as well as transformation and upgrading of urbanization. The research shows that: in the first place, there are regional differences among all Tianjin counties land use situation, and there is a certain degree of upside potential. Secondly, by adopting the aggregate model which classifies and then orders, this paper will reflect overall situation of all counties land use more intuitively and the contribution degree that every index made to the result of smart land use. Thirdly, it is significant to coordinate industrial location choice and urban system layout, and to promote the spatial relationship between industrialization and urbanization. Last but not least, the development of rational urbanization in the future should follow the differences and highlight the leading functions among cities, and actively promote the intensive urbanization, shunt type urbanization, ecological urbanization, as well as integration of urbanization, and other leading county urbanization patterns. In the end, the country could realize the efficient and intensive use of land resources, and promote the rational development of urbanization.


The phylogenetic conservatism of plant functional traits and its association with community struc- ture are important topics in ecological research. Plant functional traits are simultaneously affected by their evolutionary background, local habitat conditions and large-scale climate. In this study we asked whether functional traits have a significant phylogenetic signal and significantly affect species abundance in a com- munity. For this objective, we used data from a 24 ha Gutianshan forest plot, which included species abun- dance and six functional traits of 156 woody species: leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorus content, leaf area, wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass. We found that all functional traits showed significant phylogenetic signal, suggesting that all functional traits are significantly affected by their evolutionary his- tory. We also found that species abundance was correlated with leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorus con- tent, leaf area, woody density and specific leaf area except seed mass, suggesting that resource acquisition significantly affects species abundance distribution in a community, and that these functional traits impact


[Purpose] Differences in the effects of verbal feedback used concurrently or terminally were investigated. [Subjects] Twenty-four young adults participated in this study. [Methods] The subjects were quasirandomly assigned to one of two groups: the concurrent feedback group or the terminal feedback group. The learning task was moving the right toe forward to the target height. [Results] Performances in practice and the retention test were similar in both groups. In the concurrent feedback group, performances of trials provided with feedback in each block were more accurate than those of trials done before being provided with feedback. Meanwhile, in the terminal feedback group, performances were similar in the first and final trials in each block. [Conclusion] These results suggest that the effects of practice with concurrent feedback are as beneficial as that with terminal feedback, but that performances vary in a different way between groups.


The rich relationship of architecture to nature has been gradually impoverished and narrowed down to a single mode of operation according to which the former imitates the forms of the latter. This use of nature as a repository of forms to be appropriated corresponds, one to one, with the logic of resource extraction that lies at the root of the current ecological crisis. In this essay, Pope tracks several architectural and urban responses such crisis, proposing a specific definition of the idea of organicism as a model of intervention in the natural world based on processes of functional integration.


Issued as Technical reports no. [1-2], and Final technical letter report, Project no. G-33-628 (co-project is E-19-655/Michael J. Matteson/School of Chemical Engineering; subproject is E-16-623)


Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are diseases that are strongly correlated. A major factor in this correlation is the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), with the peptide angiotensin II being a key component. This study analyzed the impact of Angiotensin Type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Angiotension Type 2 receptor (AT2R) in atrial function.


General physics approach is applied to analysis of power components in electrical systems under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal conditions. Physical essence of active, reactive and distorting powers are determinate. It is shown that the all three powers are the different aspects of the same physical phenomenon: mechanical action per time of Coulomb forces or inertial forces.


Four novel diamide and triamide extractants developed in our group, TODGA, DOODA, MIDOA, and NTAamide, were examined to see the extractability trends of up to 74 metal ions from nitric acid into n-dodecane. TODGA and DOODA have one or two etheric and two amidic oxygen donor atoms, and MIDOA and NTAamide have a nitrogen donor atom centered in the backbones and two or three diamidic O atoms. The former two extractants are expected to have high extractability for metal ions classified as hard acids and the latter ones have higher extractability for soft acids. TODGA and DOODA have high distribution ratios, D, for metal ions in the 2A-4A groups. On the other hand, MIDOA and NTAamide have high D values for group 5A-7A and 8 metal ions, which follows HSAB theory. The positive relation between the slope values of the extractant dependence and the extraction constant, α, is found, which suggests that a high order of successive formation of metal complexes with extractants gives high extractability.


Thermoacoustic instability can be a major problem for aero-engine combustors, particularly lean-premixed burners designed for low NOx emissions. The instability is caused by the interaction between unsteady heat release and acoustic waves within the combustion chamber. Unsteady combustion generates acoustic waves directly, as well as entropy fluctuations that are quiescent. The subsequent acceleration of these entropy waves at the combustor exit creates further acoustic waves known as indirect combustion noise. In this article, a thermoacoustic model is extended to study the effects of dissipation and dispersion of the entropy waves on the stability of the combustor. Four combustor configurations are discussed: a stable combustor that may be destabilized due to the presence of entropy noise, an unstable combustor that may be stabilized by indirect combustion acoustics, an unstable combustor that experiences a "mode switch" to oscillations at a different frequency, and a combustor that is driven to instability due to entropy waves but is not necessarily accompanied by an instability in the heat release. The different scenarios that may arise from the inclusion of entropy noise provide motivation for further work on the influence of entropy waves in combustors.


National integration and national identity have engulfed Pakistani society since its establishment. Traditionally, the society has remained divided along religious, ethnic, linguistic, and provincial lines. However, political developments of the last decade have added a new dimension, which has divided society into political lines. The disturbing aspect of evolving trends in the injection of violence in our political behavior and culture is weakening the very foundations of the Pakistani nation and the state alike.  I want to argue that the rhetoric of eliminating the opponents by violent means and propagating the blood revolution across the streets of Pakistan is easier said than done, has degenerated our society already overwhelmed by a lack of basic amenities like education, health, and employment, etc. Lust for power at all costs has dented our national values and identity. This article investigates the rising trends of political intolerance and suggests a course of action for strengthening national integration.


Teaching English as a foreign language especially to the elementary school students is not easy. A teacher should prepare and also deliver the lesson which is appropriate for them. English teachers therefore should use English
verbal expressions correctly and appropriately. To give teacher candidates lots of opportunity to apply what they have got during their study, the EESP requires them to take their teaching practice program for 3 months in real schools. Realizing the importance of using appropriate classroom verbal expressions, the writer conducted this study to find out what classroom situations used and how the verbal expressions uttered by the teacher candidates. In this study, the subjects are 2 (two) teacher candidates who took their teaching practice program in Elementary School. There is 1 (one) full recording from each teacher
candidates when they taught his/her students in this study to be analyzed. The result shows that the teacher candidates could not use the whole of classroom
situations during their teaching practice. And also, the teacher candidates still made a lot of mistakes in pronunciation, grammar, and diction. The biggest number of mistakes made is related to the problem with English grammar (105 out of 186); followed by English pronunciation (59 out of 186); and the least is related to the problem with diction or choice of word (22 out of 186).
Based on the research findings, the writer suggests that the English Department has to improve the contents of the subjects which are related to the teaching practice program, for example Speaking 4 and Micro Teaching. The
department itself must have lots of improvement in making syllabus for Speaking 4 and Micro Teaching. The lecturers also have to focus on the teaching of pronunciation. So that, the further teacher candidates will not make mistake in pronouncing words.


Dear Editor, A 5-year-old-girl was referred to our clinic with a 2-month history of annular erythematous lesions that first appeared on her right lower leg, then spread to her face, buttocks and both legs. All lesions were erythematous plaques and subcutaneous indurations characterized by enlarging annular shape. They gradually increased in number and diameter over 4 months. Based on just one skin biopsy finding from the buttocks, she was diagnosed with subcutaneous granuloma annulare (GA). Before visiting our hospital, she was treated with topical corticosteroids, systemic corticosteroids and intralesional injection of corticosteroids, but the lesions remained refractory. We initiated bath-psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. Histological examination revealed epithelioid granuloma-like lesions with giant cells from the upper to lower layers of the dermis. Collagen fibers in the lower dermis were denatured. Perivascular lymphocytic infiltration was observed in the dermis. Bath-PUVA therapy was applied 30 times (total irradiation dose, 59.5 J/cm), starting from 0.5 J/cm with subsequent doses increased by increments of 0.5 J/cm to a maximum dose of 2.5 J/cm. She was placed in a 37°C bath containing 0.0001% 8-methoxypsoralen prior to UV-A radiation treatment five times per week. After bath-PUVA therapy, the erythematous lesions on her face were improved. Refractory erythematous and annular lesions on the anterior lower legs gradually improved. After 2 years, remission was obtained without further bathPUVA treatment (Fig. 1). GA is classified into four subtypes: generalized, perforating, erythematous and subcutaneous. Generalized GA is common in middle-aged women, presenting with widespread erythematous papules and plaques. In perforating GA, umbilicated papules form crusted ulcerative lesions. Erythematous GA presents with mild edematous and infiltrative plaques evolving into papules. As in this case, subcutaneous GA presents with deep dermal skin-colored nodules, usually ranging 6–35 mm in diameter. The lesions are commonly located on the extremities, head and buttocks of children. The cause of GA remains unclear, but potential factors include delayed-type hypersensitivity or T-helper 1-related mechanisms. Langerhans cells and CD4-positive T cells are observed in GA-affected areas, suggesting the potential for cross-talk. Some cases resolve spontaneously after skin biopsy, but other cases continue to enlarge and are difficult to treat. Generally, topical or intralesional injection of corticosteroids is selected for stubborn lesions. The functional mechanisms of bath-PUVA therapy are reported for many diseases. For example, in mycosis fungoides, bath-PUVA decreases the number of atypical lymphocytes in the lesions. In psoriasis vulgaris, regulatory T cells are induced to regulate immune suppression. In GA, bath-PUVA


As the foundation of the communication service,transmission networks plays a very important role in the planning and construction of 3G.The characteristic of 3G service puts forward different requirements for the transmission network.According to 3G network structure,and different transmission interface,this paper proposes several kinds of transmission schemes.


Chinese medicine is an unique medical system, among which Chinese medicines (including Chinese medicinal plants, Chinese animal drugs, Chinese mineral drugs and composite formulae) have been used in main stream medical health care in China for years of thousands and have been accepted by many countries as complemental and alternative medicine. As one of the major traditional medicines and Ethnomedicines in the world, Chinese medicines as a resource and materials for unmet medical needs have been attracted by scientists in medical, pharmaceutical, biomedical engineering and life sciences. The challenges in safety (such as Aristolochic acid nephropathy, Chinese medicines adverse reaction and herb-drug interaction), quality control (like batch-to-batch reliable, contamination pesticide and heavy metals) and green enviroments (protection of endangerous species from animal and plants) have also become emerging issues. In the past decades, chemical and pharmacological profiles of many Chinese medicines have been extensively studied. In this chapter, we focus on advanced progress in molecular and celluar mechanism studies on anticancer action of Chinese medicines by trend prediction from top journals of Chinese medicine, ethnomedicine, alternative and complemental medicine. 12 representative Chinese medicines were selected in this chapter (Rhizoma coptidis, arsenic, Rhizoma Curcuma longae, Radis stephaniae tetrandrae, Radix tripterygii wilfordii, Radix scutellariae, Herba artemisiae annuae, Radix ginseng, Radix notoginseng, Radix astragali, Radix angelicae senensis and Radix salviae miltiorrhizae) and we reviewed the recent progress in order to understand their pharmacological action, active chemical ingredients and application of new approaches (genomics, proteomics and metabolics). We concentrated on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic actions of these Chinese medicines and introduced the major active chemical ingredients in relation to therapeutic values. These Chinese medicines can be used in treatment of cancer. After reviewing hot Chinese medicines in treatment of cancer in this chapter, we hope it will lead to further exploration of Chinese medicines by advanced scientific technology in drug discovery for treating cancer.


The prevalence of bleeding complications after tooth extraction reached 31.5%. Hemostasis process is needed in this situation to avoid complications after tooth extraction. Kepok banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L.) is one of the traditional plants that can help the hemostatic process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving kepok banana peel extract (Musa Paradisiaca L.) on bleeding time in cutting the tails of male mice, with the hope that in the future it can be used as an alternative for bleeding therapy after tooth extraction. Observations were made by taking 12 mice as samples and divided into three groups, namely the negative control group (K-), the positive control group (K+), and the treatment group (P). In the K- group, the mice were subjected to aquadest solution of 0.4 ml/20 mg BW, in the K+ group, tranexamic acid was probed at a dose of 0.065 mg/g BW mice as much as 0.4 ml/20 mg BW mice , and in the P group the kepok banana peel extract was probed with a dose of 1.55 mg/g BW mice as much as 0.4 ml/20 mg BW mice orally. All groups were cut on the tails of mice with a length of 0.5 cm. The cut wounds on the tails of mice were dripped onto absorbent paper boxes which were divided into 16 boxes, with an interval of 30 seconds in each box. The results showed that the administration of kepok banana peel extract (Musa Paradisiaca L.) had the effect of accelerating bleeding time on tail cutting of mice with BalB-C strain.


The utility model relates to a cold pilger mill, more particularly an end loading type two-roller cold pilger mill provided with a mandrel cracking diction device, comprising a sensor and a mandrel extending unit, wherein the sensor is arranged on a corresponding position axially of the mill; an end of the mandrel is connected with the mandrel with a screw and the other end approaches an inductor with distance adjusted by the position of the inductor on axes. The device utilizes the magnetic strength of the inductor to detect whether the mandrel is cracked or not and effectively avoids the accident of producing rejects and damaging machine parts due to mandrel cracking during mill operation.


Along with the development of technology and information that is growing rapidly, currently the competition between educational institutions is getting stronger. If an institution is not able to keep up with the progress of information technology which is developing very quickly, it is certain that the institution will be left very far behind from all sides. However, there are things that really need to be considered due to the development of information technology, namely the consideration of the security of information systems owned by the Institution. For that we need an analysis and evaluation of the information system used to identify security in the information system. If the analysis and evaluation is not carried out, problems will arise related to the security of an information system such as data that is vulnerable to threats such as damaged and lost data so that the data becomes invalid. If the data is not valid, it is certain that the information generated will also not be reliable. Evaluation of information system security can be done with the framework. NIST is a framework that can be used to evaluate and identify security and risks in information systems. The information system security evaluation process is carried out by distributing questionnaires to the academic community in accordance with the NIST SP 800-26 framework and the data is managed to obtain the final result. The results of the academic information system security evaluation have an overall final score of 91.6%. The total value is obtained from the results of the number of calculations based on 3 components of the criteria tested, namely management control, operational control, and technical control. And from the 3 assessment criteria there are 17 sub-criteria that exist in each criterion. Based on this data, the security of the academic information system at AMIK Tunas Bangsa is included in the level 2 category, namely Documented Procedures.


This large-cohort, multicancer study identifies four cancer types with cancer survival disparities and seven cancer-related genes that interact with genetic ancestry and contribute to disparities.


The problem of computing a matrix of magnetic vector potentials in a gapped tunnel is studied. First, a method is given for deriving the parameters of a set of ideal current loops that will serve as sources for the field of a PPM-focused TWT, then the magnetic vector potentials are derived from the loop parameters. The axial and radial fields at any point are then obtained by nine-point interpolation and differencing of the potential matrix. The method is free from any paraxial approximations.


Abundant research has shown that language not only was related to,but also appeared to play a causal role in the development of theory of mind(ToM).However,it remained unclear which aspect of language development contributes most to the development of ToM.Some researchers such as Astington et al.(1999) and de Villiers(2002) had found that the syntactic(sentential complements) ability predicted unique variance in ToM task scores;others such as Lohmann and Tomasello(2003) focused on the significant contribution of both syntactic and semantic(mental verbs) abilities to the development of ToM.Still others such as Ruffman et al.(2003) emphasized the general verbal skills,rather than specific aspects of language development,in the development of ToM.The emphasis on general verbal skills is noteworthy given that the successful completion of ToM tasks requires understanding of contexts in which verbal communication occurs,in addition to adequate syntactic and semantic abilities.Therefore,using a short-term longitudinal design,we expected that preschoolers' verbal skill test scores would significantly predict their ToM task scores six months later. The participants were 80 four-and five year-old children recruited from a preschool in Ningxia.At both Time 1(T1) and Time 2(T2,six months later),trained research assistants administered three false belief tasks intended to assess ToM,and the Chinese version of McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities(MSCA)-Verbal Scale which measures children's general verbal skills.Cross-lagged regression analysis was used to examine the prospective relation between children's verbal skills and their ToM abilities. Both the four-and five-years old children had higher verbal skill scores and ToM task scores at T2 than at T1.The results of cross-lagged regression analyses revealed a significant prospective relation between verbal skills at T1 and ToM abilities at T2 among four but not five years old children.These findings suggest that the increasing verbal skills among preschoolers may play a significant role in the development of ToM,yet the relation between verbal skills and ToM abilities appears to be stronger for younger children. The results of this short-term longitudinal study provide some support for the important role of verbal skills plays in the development of ToM,particularly among four years old children.In addition,the finding that the prospective relation between verbal skills and ToM abilities was only found for four years old children suggests that the role verbal skills plays in the development of ToM may be a function of children's age.


Eosinophilia has been rarely reported in pediatric heart transplant recipients and has been suggested to play a role in graft rejection. We report a case of a young female patient with peripheral blood eosinophilia who died suddenly 2 years following ABO‐incompatible heart transplantation. She was found at autopsy to have myocardial infiltration of not only T‐lymphocytes and macrophages expected in acute cellular rejection but also of eosinophils, B‐lymphocytes, and plasma cells indicating myocarditis.


The unstabilized ferritic steel of nominal composition, 2/sup 1///sub 4/Cr-1Mo, has been proposed for critical structural assignments in LMFBR powerplants, specifically: the tubing, tubesheet and shell of the evaporator and superheater components. The interest in this steel has been based on a presumably favorable general corrosion property spectrum, acceptable mechanical properties and fabricability, and certain economies associated with the low alloy content. This report is an attempt at a general corrosion assessment for the 2/sup 1///sub 4/Cr-1Mo steel and an identification of corrosion problem areas potential to this steel from the sodium and water/steam systems of the proposed working environment. There is a considerable area of uncertainty in the sodium-side response of 2/sup 1///sub 4/Cr-1Mo steel, centered in the loss and redisposition of carbon during long-term exposure to sodium of various impurity backgrounds. It is submitted that present evidence relating to the water/steam-side corrosion behavior of the 2/sup 1///sub 4/Cr-1Mo steel, under nominal and conceivable perturbed environmental conditions, constitutes the principal concern for the proposed LMFBR powerplant applications of this steel. It is suggested that this unfavorable corrosion aspect represents an inherent limitation of the low alloy content of this steel, probably largely independent of melting and processing recourses, andmore » it is a sufficient basis to question the incentive for a continuation of the collateral studies of this steel for the proposed LMFBR steam generation system assignments.« less


Briefly introduces the conception of LIMS, development history and research present status of LIMS in the department laboratory, takes several Laboratory in universitie department at home as an example, analyses its administration pattern, and proposes the administation pat-tern that is suitable for department Laboraory, summizes the development trend of LIMS.


Relationship Between Clergy Effectiveness and Personality Integration (May, 1977) Paul Henry, B.A., All Hallows, Dublin; M.A., Stetson University Ed.D., University of Massachusetts Directed By: Dr. Susan Campbell Recent research has indicated to those responsible for the continued development of the Roman Catholic Clergy that the collegial style of leadership required of priests demands a high degree of personal development. There is also evidence that priests are not as self-actualized as they might be, given the nature of their ministry and the expectations for leadership placed upon them by the contemporary church. This study was designed firstly to demonstrate that promoting the personal growth of priests is not alien to the objective of maintaining institutional integrity. This study also set out to investigate certain personality factors which would discriminate between clergy effectiveness and ineffectiveness. The data was gathered for the study in collaboration with the Center for Human Development, Notre Dame, Indiana, from a population of priests participating in a national continuing education program.


With the near ubiquity of mobile phones, people are reachable almost anywhere and at any time. At the same time we see an increasing need for people to limit their interactions on the mobile phone, to control (within socially acceptable bounds) when they are reachable and by whom. The user's location plays a significant role herein. Present mobile phones typically provide static means for managing reachability, such as manual profiles. In this paper, we present a location-aware call handling assistant as a dynamic solution. The assistant runs on mobile devices and enables users to manage calls based on their current context (in particular, their location and activity, the date and time, and the caller and caller's group). The system exploits Bluetooth technology for location determination and for user modelling, a new rule-based technique, Prioritized Ripple Down Rules, which gives the user a high level of confidence in the system's behaviour. We discuss the results of a small-scale user study in which the mobile call handling assistant was simulated on a PDA.


To switching the data transmission channel on limited resources equipment at real time,first do research on Wavedev2 driver,then an interrupt polling algorithm under the double DMA(Direct Memory Access) data transmission framework is proposed.The method synthesis of the accuracy of interrupt detection and the real time of cycle detection,the channel switch function which not occupy CPU on free time.The feasibility of the method is validated by applying it in the recording and playback channel switching and headphones detection.Results of the algorithm analysis and the experiments indicate the proposed method is better than the general cycling detection algorithm and the IST(interrupt server thread) detection algorithm in practicability.


The utility model provides an electronic converter and a related illuminating system. The electronic converter includes a transformer (T) having a primary winding (T1) and a secondary winding (T2), wherein the primary winding (T1) is coupled to an input used for receiving a power signal (Vin), and the secondary winding (T2) is coupled to an output including a positive terminal (106) and a negative terminal (GND2) and used for providing a power signal (Vout, iout). The converter also includes an electronic switch (S) disposed between the input and the primary winding (T1), wherein, the electronic switch is configured to control a current flowing through the primary winding (T1). Specifically, the converter includes a buffer circuit disposed between the secondary winding (T2) and the output (106, GND2).


As XML becomes increasingly popular, XML schema design has become an increasingly important issue. One of the central objectives of good schema design is to avoid data redundancies: redundantly stored information can lead not just only to a higher data storage cost but also to increased costs for data transfer and data manipulation. Furthermore , such data redundancies can lead to potential update anomalies, rendering the database inconsistent. One strategy to avoid data redundancies is to design redundancy-free schema from the start on the basis of known functional dependencies. We observe that XML databases are often " casually designed " and XML FDs may not be determined in advance. Under such circumstances, discovering XML data redundancies from the data itself becomes necessary and is an integral part of the schema refinement (or redesign) process. We present the design and implementation of the first system, DiscoverXFD, for efficient discovery of XML data redundancies. It employs a novel XML data structure and introduces a new class of partition-based algorithms. The XML data redundancies are defined on the basis of a new notion of XML functional dependency (XML FD) that (1) extends previous notions by incorporating set elements into the XML FD specification, and (2) maintains tuple-based semantics through the novel concept of Generalized Tree Tuple (GTT). Using this comprehensive XML FD notion, we introduce a new normal form (GTT-XNF) for XML documents, and provide comprehensive comparisons with previous studies. Given the set of data redundancies (in the form of redundancy indicating XML FDs) discovered by DiscoverXFD, we describe a normalization algorithm for converting any original XML schema into one in GTT-XNF.


Copyright © 1999 by Martin J. McMahon, Jr. and Alice G. Abreu.Everybody loves a winner, and the market often agrees, providing spectacular rewards for those who win. While the winners win big, everyone else is left behind, reaping rewards that bear little relationship to how close they were to winning or to the magnitude of the difference between their talents and those of the winners.The winner-take-all phenomenon, long the hallmark of the sports and entertainment markets, has spread throughout the U.S. economy over the last two decades. As more markets operate like the entertainment market, scholars have begun to analyze the ways in which such markets suggest a need to rethink established conclusions and policies. The recent work of two economists, Robert H. Frank and Phillip J. Cook, provides a good springboard for this analysis. In The Winner-Take-All Society, Frank and Cook describe how an increasing number of labor markets now operate in ways that depart significantly from the classical economically efficient model. In these markets, a large number of individuals compete for a relatively small number of positions that offer the possibility for financial rewards far exceeding those that await less successful competitors. As in the entertainment industry, where the difference between the compensation received by the star and that received by her understudy is almost always far more than proportional to the differences in their talent, these steadily growing markets display what is essentially a winner-take-all paradigm.


Laboratory school leaders can greatly influence reading achievement among students. In this light, the authors propose that school leaders, by becoming more aware of their own journey in becoming readers, are encouraged to strengthen reading programs in their own schools. Consequently, writing a memoir titled "My Life as a Reader" can be used to encourage reflection on becoming a reader. In this study, analysis of the memoirs of school leaders provided substantial evidence supporting the conclusion that experiences with books and interested adults greatly encourages eventual reading achievement. The subjects in this paper are school leaders; however, application of the strategies employed can be applied in a variety of settings such as school faculty meetings, college education classes, and parent involvement sessions. 2 NALS Journal, Vol. 3 [2012], Iss. 1, Art. 1 http://digitalcommons.ric.edu/nals/vol3/iss1/1 3 Educators' Reflections Laboratory School Leaders Provide Support for Literacy Teachers Reading proficiency is considered fundamental to success in school and the workplace. American workers have seen an economy that has evolved from a society with abundant jobs in agriculture and manufacturing to an age of information requiring high literacy competencies. The dynamics of the 21st Century global economy emphasize the need for both affective and pedagogically sound strategies for fostering reading achievement (National Center on Education and the Economy, 2007). For example, approximately 18% of individuals with no more than basic reading skills are employed in professional and business sectors of the economy as compared to 60% of individuals with proficient literacy skills (National Endowment for the Arts, 2007). Not surprisingly, adults with lower levels of literacy competencies earn significantly lower salaries than those with higher capability levels (Kutner, Greenberg, Jin, Boyle, Hsu, & Dunleavy, 2007). Economic well being is highly important; however, high levels of literacy are critically important for individual development, academic opportunities, career choices, and participation in society over a lifetime. In this light, a comprehensive review of empirical research and theory led Adams (1990) to conclude that reading "is the key to education, and education is the key to success for both individuals and a democratic society" (p. 13). Despite the importance of literacy, there appears to be a decline in literacy among young Americans today. In this light, Bauerlein (2008; 2011) determined that excessive orientation toward video formats experienced by many children dampens the spirit and lulls creative instincts while eroding the context in which book reading is respected. Bauerlein further suggested that highly predictable and routine video oriented activities diminish 3 Brinson et al.: Lab School Support for Literacy Published by Digital Commons @ RIC, 2012 4 Educators' Reflections thoughtful social and creative interaction. In addition, Bauerlein concluded that the videooriented leisure habits of today's youth pull them ever further from their studies. In this light, Weil (2011) encouraged the practice of fostering participation of children and adults in spontaneous, engaging, and not so predictable activities. In comparing the messages of Bauerlein and Weil to what we have experienced, we have seen, all too often, children inundated with unimaginatively developed worksheets and excessive use of video slides. Narratives of school personnel relative to learning to read echo what Bauerlein and Weil


By way of brief personal background, we both write with academic and practical expertise in the area of Indigenous livelihoods. Dr Markham is an economic geographer working at the Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research at the Australian National University (ANU), and has conducted research on Indigenous poverty, among other relevant topics. Professor Altman is an economic anthropologist currently with the School of Regulation and Governance at the ANU who has been studying the diverse economic situations of Indigenous Australians since 1977.


In order to improve the basal fertilizer application methods of "three first" used in the tobacco produce areas of Hubei,the experiments of tobacco base fertilizer application methods were conducted in the main tobacco produce areas in Xuanen,Xianfeng,Baokang of Hubei in 2007~2008,the effects of base fertilizer application methods on tobacco growth,yield and quality were studied.The results showed that when basal fertilizer was applied 20 days before transplant with "drill way + bunch way",tobacco plant grew better,production and output value of tobacco were the best,leaf chemical composition and sensory quality of tobacco were better.


We propose a novel approach toward the general solution of the sign problem in real-time path–integral simulations. Using a recursive multilevel blocking strategy, this method circumvents the sign problem by synthesizing the phase cancellations arising from interfering quantum paths on multiple timescales. A number of numerical examples with one or a few explicit degrees of freedom illustrate the usefulness of the method.


The Iglesia Filipina Independiente (IFI) is one of the most remarkable churches in the Philippines, yet, its history is largely underresearched. This paper uses newly researched archival resources from the archives of this church and of partner churches to explore the way in which this "revolutionary church" came to be accepted as part of the broader ecumenical movement. Special attention is given to two of the most prominent full communion partners of this church, the Episcopal Church and the Old Catholic Churches of the Union of Utrecht. In this way, it is also clear that the IFI came to be recognized as a fully catholic church by other catholic churches, moving beyond any doubt of lingering Unitarianism (as it was part of the later theology of Gregorio Aglipay). The study also shows how various national, even nationalist churches were able to enter into international and intercultural relations with each other, thus creating a fellowship that spans the globe.


Plasma enhanced selective deposition of Si has been investigated using an ultraclean electron cyclotron resonance plasma. Selective homoepitaxy of Si without substrate heating has been achieved for the first time by decomposition of SiH4 with a plasma generated from dilute H2 in Ar mixtures. Moreover, the selectivity can be inverted to deposit Si films only on SiO2 through changes in the plasma conditions. Based on the x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and experiments investigating growth with and without ion bombardment, it is concluded that competitive contributions of ion induced decomposition of SiH4 and chemical etching with hydrogen radicals play important roles in the selectivity inversion.


Abstract Assessment of language and communication in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a critical element in developing appropriate and effective interventions and supports. While there is a large literature on diagnosis of autism, the information available to guide clinical practice for communication and language specifically is sparser. In this scoping review, we sought to identify research articles and critical reviews dealing with communication assessment for individuals with autism. The first and second author each conducted an independent search of relevant scholarly databases to identify articles published between 1995 and 2013. Differences were resolved via discussion; 54 relevant articles were identified using the search terms: autism + language + assessment; autism + speech + assessment; and autism + communication + assessment. While guidelines for best practice are premature, especially given the diversity of developmental and cognitive profiles in ASD, emerging consensus was seen in the following areas: (a) formal norm- and criterion-referenced tests not designed specifically for ASD have been investigated and shown to be feasible and interpretable in use with individuals with autism; (b) language sample analysis and/or structured observational elicitations of communication in naturalistic contexts are widely advocated as a means to ensure the full profile of an individual's strengths and challenges; (c) caregiver report measures in several studies compared favorably with formal tests, therefore many scholars support their use to supplement direct testing in clinical environments, because they can serve as probes of naturally occurring communication behaviors.


Several studies found an increased risk of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) exit-site and/or tunnel infections (ESI/TI) or peritonitis (P) in SA nasal carriers. The aim of our study was to determine efficacy of local preventive therapy with mupirocin in nasal carriers of SA. In this prospective study, from January 1997 to December 2003, 127 patients (pts) were included and observed for 4696 pt-months. The ones with one or more positive smears were treated with mupirocin for five consecutive days, twice daily, every month. In acute or chronic ESI/TI with SA, the mupirocin was applied during daily exit-site care. The pts with good or perfect exit-sites were not treated. For statistic analysis, the proportion test and Pearson¢s correlation test were used. Among our pts the number of nasal carriers has decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 1997 (49.3%) to 2003 (18.0%). Simultaneously, the rates of SA peritonitis dropped from 0.032 episode/pt year in 1997 to 0.022 in 2003 (P = 0.25). Significantly less (P = 0.005) new SA ESI/TI were registered, from 0.113 episode/pt-year in 1997 to 0.018 in 2001 and 0.022 in 2003. Two cases of mupirocin-resistant SA were isolated, both in 2003, present in nasal as well as in ESI/TI swab. Diagnosis and treatment of SA nasal carriers among PD pts has proved to be important. The decrease in incidence of new ESI/TI was statistically significant, while peritonitis rates decreased less significantly. Mupirocin-resistance in our study is low. When peritoneal catheter exit-site is good or perfect, treatment with mupirocin is not necessary.


Imagine, as a spectator at a local high school soccer game, you suddenly see a player collapse and die on the soccer field. This athlete, who was apparently healthy and in extraordinary physical condition, displayed no outward signs or symptoms leading up to the collapse. Although this tragedy seems surreal, nearly 500,000 people die each year from sudden cardiac death (SCD) either in an emergency center or without ever reaching a hospital (1).


Abstract I develop an agency model where returns-chasing behavior by mutual fund investors causes beta not to be priced to the degree predicted by the standard CAPM. Mutual fund investors chase returns through time, precipitating unusually large aggregate cash inflows into mutual funds just after dramatic market runups. Mutual fund investors also chase returns cross-sectionally across funds so that the highest-performing funds capture the largest fraction of the aggregate inflows into the mutu al fund sector. The interaction of these two flow-performance relationships induces an asymmetry in payoffs to mutual funds where fund managers care most about outperforming peers during bull markets. Since high-beta stocks tend to outperform in up markets, active fund managers tilt their portfolios toward high-beta stocks, reducing the beta risk premium in equilibrium. To support the model's time-series flow-performance assumption, I show empirically that market returns have a large economic impact on subsequent aggregate mutual fund flows. In addition, data on mutual fund holdings suggest that the aggregate stock portfolio held by equity funds is overweighted in high-beta stocks relative to the overall market, though this does not include the cash held by mutual funds. Fama-MacBeth tests indicate that the equity premium falls only slightly as the relative size of mutual funds increases, and the relation is not statistically significant.


The present state of the planet, with the rapid changing of climate, and global warming becoming more apparent around the world, is one of the most worrying concerns the mankind has today. One of the most sensitive and vulnerable regions to the climate change is the Himalaya–Tibetan Highland (HTH), a huge and unique landform on the Earth, situated adjacent to India. This landform influences the climate system in many ways: dynamically due to elevation and thermodynamically due to its temperature contrast with the surrounding atmosphere; locally through sensible and latent heat fluxes into the atmosphere and remotely through the transport of water via its rivers. Thus, it is desirable to understand its changing climate and its association with the climate of India, which is the focus of this thesis. This research is carried out using observations, reanalyses and modelling studies with the primary focus on the atmospheric component of the climate system. The observed daily surface air temperature and precipitation at 0.25° resolution are analysed from APHRODITE for the period 1961–2007 to understand the past and present climate of the region. For the future climate projection, a set of twenty-one CMIP5 and NEX-GDDP models are validated for the historical period, which suggests that NEX-GDDP is much superior to the CMIP5 data over this region. Thus, for the future projection the NEX-GDDP data from the same set of models are used for the period of 2006–2099 under the RCP 8.5 scenario. In addition, questions concerning causation have been addressed through numerical experiments using NCAR CESM-CAM5, a global climate model. The numerical experiments are conducted at 1° horizontal resolution. To examination the effectiveness of a mitigation strategy — geoengineering — to counteract the warming of the climate of HTH, piControl, 4xCO2 and G1 simulations from eight global climate models participating in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project are analysed.


Bacground: Stroke and systemic embolism still remains high in patients(pts) with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Such events are more common in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, i...


This paper examines the problem of designing an H∞ fuzzy state-feedback controller for a class of uncertain nonlinear descriptor systems which is described by a Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. Based on a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, we develop an H∞ state-feedback controller which guarantees the L2-gain of the mapping from the exogenous input noise to the regulated output to be less than some prescribed value for this class of systems. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the design developed in this paper.


From 2009 onwards, the slowdown in French real wages was less acute than that in labour productivity, which pulled French firms margin rate down. This article deals with this recent disconnection and surveys two potential explanatory hypotheses: labour force composition effects and downward nominal wage rigidities. The first assumption is related to the impact on the average wage of increasing job losses, especially when they are concentrated on lower-paid workers. Labour force structure evolution does contribute to wage resilience, but with little difference between 2009 and the period before, in which we observe a long run increasing trend of the working population toward a higher qualification. The downward nominal wage rigidities assumption is bounded by the empirical evidence of a significant amount of wage drops, while wage freezes are rare. Furthermore, in 2009, wages decreased faster as the firms activity dropped than they increased as the firms situation improved. However, the estimation, done at the wage earner level, shows the low response of wages to a (positive or negative) activity shock, especially for lower wage earners and large firms. The elasticity of wages with respect to a negative shock, though increasing in 2009, remains low in absolute terms. This wage inertia would facilitate the recovery of the firms margin rate in times of strong economic upturn.


Wellness and spa tourism has recently become a marketing strategy to attract tourists. It plays an important role in hotel industry, resorts and tourist destinations. Wellness and spa services are being required by local and international tourists. The interrelationship among motivations, satisfaction, and revisit intentions remain largely unexplored. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to facilitate understanding of the relationship among these constructs. In addition, very few studies on exploring consumers' needs for the spa and wellness have been conducted in Malaysian context. Previous studies revealed that gaining deep insights into customer profiles and their desire for wellness and spa within this context needs to be taken into considerations, which encourages the development of wellness and spa tourism business. The findings of this study are believed to be advantageous to the wellness and spa service providers. More specifically, appropriate marketing strategies and tourist motivation will be paying more attention and developed in future research.


We use Spitzer Space Telescope 24 μm data to search for debris disks among 122 AFGKM stars from the ∼670 Myr clusters Hyades, Coma Ber, and Praesepe, utilizing a number of advances in data reduction and determining the intrinsic colors of main-sequence stars. For our sample, the 1σ dispersion about the main-sequence V–KS, KS–[24] locus is approximately 3.1%. We identify seven debris disks at 10% or more (⩾3σ confidence level) above the expected KS–[24] for purely photospheric emission. The incidence of excesses of 10% or greater in our sample at this age is 5.7+3.1− 1.7%. Combining with results from the literature, the rate is 7.8+4.2− 2.1% for early-type (B9–F4) stars and 2.7+3.3− 1.7% for solar-like (F5–K9) stars. Our primary sample has strict criteria for inclusion to allow comparison with other work; when we relax these criteria, three additional debris disks are detected. They are all around stars of solar-like type and hence reinforce our conclusion that disks around such stars are still relatively common at 670 Myr and are similar to the rate around early-type stars. The apparently small difference in decay rates between early-type and solar-like stars is inconsistent with the first-order theoretical predictions that the later type stellar disks would decay an order of magnitude more quickly than the earlier type ones.


Objective To explore the coping styles and family environment in patients with depression.Methods 90 patients with depression were evaluated with CSQ and FES-CV.Results There were significant differences in the family environment between depression group and normal control group(P<0.01).The factor scores of seeking-help and solving question in depression group positively correlated with the factor scores of family intimacy and success(r=0.29,0.32,0.27,0.31,P<0.05).The factor score of self-accusation in depression group negatively correlated with the factor score of affection expression(r=-0.27,P<0.05).Conclusion The coping styles are associated to family environment in patients with depression.

Key words:
Depression; Coping styles; Family environment


A narrative literature review was conducted with the intention of providing practitioners with foundational knowledge regarding the career development trajectory of persons with disabilities (PWD). The author selected scholarship from various disciplines including rehabilitation, psychology, and special education. In the article, the author provides an overview of career development barriers and facilitators for PWD, provides a review of self-determination theory as a framework that can be used alongside other career development interventions with PWD, discusses career development interventions that have been identified as effective with PWD within vocational rehabilitation, and lastly, provides recommendations for career intervention outcomes and research.


Some carbonized seeds recovered from plant-bearing Nidpur beds are assigned to Rostrumaspermum venkatachalae et. sp. nov. Evidence of arechegonia with short tubular neck favours identity with conifers and settles precisely pineaceous affiliations.


Preface Federal Railroad Safety Programs: Selected Issues in Proposed Reauthorization Legislation The Federal Role in Rail Transit Safety The Federal Railroad Administration's Train Horn Rule Rail Transit: Observations on FTA's State Safety Oversight Program & Potential Change in its Oversight Role Commuter Rail: Many Factors Influence Liability & Indemnity Provisions, & Options Exist to Facilitate Negotiations Surface Transportation Board Report to Congress Regarding the Uniform Rail Costing System Railroad Retirement Board: Retirement, Survivor, Disability, Unemployment, & Sickness Benefits Railroad Retirement Board: Trust Fund Investment Practices Use of the Railroad Retirement Board Occupational Disability Program across the Rail Industry Railroad Retirement Board: Review of Commuter Railroad Occupational Disability Claims Reveals Potential Program Vulnerabilities Index.


Research has shown that symbolic modeling and persuasive sources of efficacy information are encouraging message strategies for enhancing college-student drinkers' and nondrinkers' (N = 241) perceived self-efficacy and behavioral intentions to intervene to prevent a friend from driving drunk. This experiment tested the impact of these sources on a subsample (N = 127) of light and moderate drinkers' perceived self-efficacy and intentions to intervene. As in the larger sample, symbolic modeling had the greater impact on both dependent measures, as well as on resisting a friend's counterarguments. Results suggest directions for social marketing campaign interventions based on selfefficacy theory. LITERATURE REVIEW This study addressed one of the most-debilitating social illnesses facing U.S. college campuses and nearby surrounding areas: the heavy drinker and his or her drunken driving. College presidents concur that binge drinking is the most-serious problem on their campuses [4]. The study proposes that social intervention, although more personally risky, is a more practical, effective, and economic strategy for preventing alcohol abuse and drunken driving among college students than are other digital and mainstreammedia-based strategies that encourage, but do not teach, proper social-interaction skills and build perceived self-efficacy. The study is grounded in the self-efficacy component of Bandura's [2, Chapter 7] social cognitive theory [SCT] and is based on Bandura's [2, p. 302-310] model of self-directed change for risk-reduction campaigns. Self-efficacy is the belief that prospectively challenging tasks or situations can be managed successfully through the cognitive appraisal of performance capability [1] [2], and is a stronger predictor of intentions and health behavior than are attitudinal and normative social influences [5]. It differs from self-esteem because it is situational, rather than a global personality trait [2, Chapter 1]. Highly efficacious persons can perform poorly at some tasks without lowering their self-esteem, because their self-worth is not involved in accomplishing the tasks. Social cognitive theory SCT explains human functioning, or human agency, in terms of triadic reciprocal causation [2]. Personal agency refers to the intentional influence of one's thoughts and actions. In this conceptual scheme, internal personal factors (e.g., perceived efficacy to intervene), behavior (e.g., intervention), and the social environment (e.g., the social rewards and health benefits of intervention) interact to influence each bidirectionally. As the core belief of personal agency, self-efficacy is the foundation upon which SCT is built. It determines whether people will undertake certain courses of action, how much effort they will expend, and their persistence to overcome actual and psychological obstacles in their environments. This suggests that efficacy-enhancing messages tailored to responsible college-student drinkers would induce them to intervene based on the strength of their perceived self-efficacy and behavioral intentions. Public health campaigns to prevent widespread health problems should be designed to facilitate selfdirectedness by enhancing agentic capabilities. This type of innovative change process is discussed next and is tested in the present study. Strength and Generality of Perceived Self-Efficacy As mentioned, perceived self-efficacy is the belief that people can exercise control over their thoughts and actions in different situations that often tax capabilities [2]. Accordingly, Maibach and Murphy [6] have recommended that perceived self-efficacy be measured as a graded series of situational demands from least to most difficult. Strength of self-efficacy is then measured for each increasingly difficult scenario or task. Lessefficacious persons restrict themselves to the easiest, most-simple tasks, while highly efficacious persons perform the most arduous and persevere despite dissuading experiences, especially early setbacks. Such information can be used to form new types of behavior, which further strengthens self-efficacy. Generality of self-efficacy refers to the extension of confidence to the performance of similar and dissimilar tasks within the same behavioral domain (i.e., within-domain generality, as reported here) or across related domains (i.e., between-domain generality). Sources of Efficacy Information Information about personal capability is acquired from four sources of efficacy information: (a) performance accomplishments, the most influential source because it is based on direct mastery experience; (b) vicarious experience, which uses live or symbolic modeling to instill expectations of successful performance through observation; (c) verbal, or social, persuasion, which relies on suggestion and exhortation to raise beliefs of perceived capability; and (d) emotional arousal, which affects level of anxiety and vulnerability to stress. The impact of these sources will depend on how they are cognitively appraised in terms of instilling a robust sense of perceived self-efficacy [2]. This study tested modes of the vicarious experience and verbal persuasion sources because symbolic modeling (e.g., advocating and demonstrating a health behavior) and social persuasion (e.g., only advocating a health behavior) are common message strategies in social marketing campaigns that employ public service announcements and complementary newsworthy publicity. Rationale and Independent and Dependent Variables As a mode of vicarious experience, symbolic modeling refers to observing a model indirectly, as on television; on social media such as Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, and Flickr; through verbal description; by reading; or in a picture or poster [2, Chapter 3]. Because all that is observed cannot be retained, only the salient features of certain modeled activities are stored for memory representation. Modeled information is coded as symbols that subsequently guide behaviors that are functionally valued. By comparison, self-efficacy beliefs induced persuasively are typically weaker than are those instated vicariously, because they rely on the assurance of a spokesperson to exhort beliefs of capability rather than on observation of the successful performance of a stressful behavior, or indirect experience. Behavioral intentions should be affected similarly by both sources. The impact of these sources of efficacy information was tested on perceived self-efficacy and intentions to intervene. Based on the review of the literature, the discussion of self-efficacy theory, and the preceding rational, this study postulated: H1: Regarding sources of efficacy information among light and moderate drinkers, symbolic modeling will have greater impact on perceived self-efficacy and behavioral intentions to intervene than will verbal persuasion, which will have greater impact than a no-efficacy information source. H2: Regarding sources of efficacy information among light and moderate drinkers, symbolic modeling will have greater impact on resisting a friend's counterarguments to intervening than will verbal persuasion, which will have greater impact than a no-efficacy information source. Because the public service messages did not mention or depict intervening to dissuade a casual acquaintance or stranger (i.e., affect the within-domain generality of perceived self-efficacy) from abusing alcohol and driving drunk, the following research question was posed: RQ1: Among light and moderate drinkers, will either source of efficacy information affect within-domain generality of self-efficacy and intentions to intervene more than will a no-efficacy information source?


In April, Michigan State University School of Law held a symposium entitled "Pathways to Power." For the most part, symposium speakers confined themselves to speaking about women's progress along partner tracks in law firms, into positions as prosecutors and judges, and elections to political office. The author of this article has published two books (No Seat at the Table - How Governance and Law Keep Women Out of the Boardroom and The Last Male Bastion - Gender and the CEO Suite) and several articles on pathways for women to corporate management positions and to board seats. This article is a summary of developments and thinking on women in corporate governance, refined from Professor Branson's comments at the symposium.


Several male Penucus stylirostris were selected from a 3 ha commercial earthen pond and were individually evaluated for reproductive performance. Indicators measured were compound spermatophore weight, sperm count, and sperm abnormalities.

It was found that spermatophore quality was significantly better for 30–40 g shrimp than for 20–30 g shrimp (P < 0.05). The higher frequency of abnormalities measured in younger males and the inverse relationship between abnormalities and sperm count indicate that the vas deferens could be the tissue responsible for producing highly abnormal immature semen. It is proposed that male maturation has at least three independently controlled levels of organization: testes maturation, vas deferens maturation, and spermatophore synthesis.

The individual evaluation showed that each male followed a particular response in reproductive quality. Changes in spermatophore weight were not an indicator of sperm density within spermatophores.

Male reproductive tract degenerative syndrome (MRTDS) and male reproductive system melanization (MRSM) did not develop in any shrimp during these experiments.


The depletion of stratospheric ozone due to anthropogenic emissions of long-lived substances containing chlorine and other halogens was first identified as a matter of international concern in the mid-1970s and has received increasing attention since the mid-1980s after the discovery of the ozone hole. Today, in spite of the successful application of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments, the atmospheric halogen loading is still above natural levels and will remain so until the middle of this century. Monitoring of stratospheric ozone therefore remains extremely important, as the ozone layer has yet to recover from the atmospheric halogen loading caused by human action. Moreover, climate change also has an influence on stratospheric ozone while evidences that changing tropospheric ozone levels impact climate are becoming increasingly clear.


The study objective was the improvement of flow conditions in the prototype settling basin in order to improve the quality of the settled water applied to the filters. Several modifications were tested in the model, and their effect on the flow conditions were observed to determine which of the modifications would improve the flow conditions in the prototype. Each prototype settling basin, designed for 60 mgd (2.63 m^/s), includes a mixing basin with four end-around mixing channels, with mixing paddles in each channel, an upper settling basin, and a lower settling basin. In plan, each basin is 172 ft (52.4 m) wide by 263 ft 6in. (80.3 m) long and has an average total depth of 31 ft (9.5 m), including the upper and lower settling basins. The basin length includes the 82 ft 11 in. -(25.3 m-) wide mixing basin. The prototype is supplied from a raw-water supply channel equipped with a flow-metering section. Discharge from the prototype enters a collector that receives settled water from the four settling basins in a quadrant of the plant. The four settling basins in the quadrant which includes the model are indentified as No. 1, 2, 3, and 4. Settling basin No. 3 was selected for modeling. The discharge from settling basin No. 4 is the first to enter the settled-water collector. The second is from settling basin No. 3 and is followed by the discharges from basins 2 and 1 .


The observations indicate that anthropogenic activities cause structural changes with time among tularemia pathogen carriers in the microfocus. The epizootic and epidemic values of animal species, such as dwarf hamsters and house mice, decrease while those of insect-eating animals, namely white-toothed shrews that refer to Group II increase, in terms of tularemia infection susceptibility. In white-toothed shrews, tularemia infection rates are 4-6-times greater than those in other small mammals that refer to Group I.


-----------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------In this paper, switched reluctance motor employing two phase excitation is implemented. Switched reluctance motors are much suitable for high speed applications, whereas while running at high speeds braking may become difficult, because the regeneration energy may increase the voltage of a dc-link to a certain level if a diode rectifier bridge is used for ac–dc conversion. The relationship between the regeneration energy and the dc-link voltage and proposes an electric braking scheme employing two-phase excitations.


Using our envelope-function based simulator, we study the transport and noise properties of a graphene ribbon with a series of unevenly spaced parallel potential barriers, as a function of the number of cascaded barriers. In our calculations, performed assuming various potential profiles, we consider barriers both with identical and with different width. In particular, exploiting Klein tunneling, we propose to use this device as a mode filter, allowing the propagation of just a small number of modes along the ribbon. Then, we examine the onset of localization as the number of barriers is further increased. Finally, we analyze how the conductance and noise behavior is affected by the inclination of the barriers with respect to the nanoribbon axis. In order to gain a more complete understanding of the observed phenomena and for comparison purposes, a few analogous calculations are performed also for GaAs quantum wires.


Nowadays, Internet Of Everything (IOE) has demanded for a wide range of applications areas. IOE is started to replaces an Internet Of things (IOT). IOE is a combination of massive number of computing elements and sensors, people, processes and data through the Internet infrastructure. Device to Device communication and interfacing of Wireless Sensor network with IOE can makes any system as a Smart System. With the increased the use of Internet and Internet connected devices has opportunities for hackers to launch attacks on unprecedented scale and impact. The IOE can serve the varied security in the various sectors like manufacturing, agriculture, smart grid, payments, IoT gateways, healthcare and industrial ecosystems. To secure connections among people, process, data, and things, is a major challenge in Internet of Everything.. This paper focuses on various security Issues and Authentication Schemes in the IOE systems.


A device for opening ampoules (8) in the gas mixture preparation with a means (5) for the mechanical comminution of a vial (8), characterized in that a pierced in the seat passage valve is included as a means (5) for the mechanical comminution of a vial (8) ,


Abstract A simple, safe, and rapid method of clearing a clotted catheter is presented. After the catheter has been shortened, digital manipulation or suction is employed, permitting replacement by a catheter of similar size.