Aero-engine fault diagnosis is often studied according to casing signal owing to the inconvenience of assembly and structural limitations. Satisfactory result by cyclic statistics alone is difficult to obtain because casing signal is weak and complex. Based on this, a cyclostationary theory combined with autocorrelation function and Hilbert transform is applied to extract the characteristics of aero-engine rotor–stator rubbing fault according to the aero-engine structure and rotating features with regard to of single-point rubbing and local rubbing. Signal autocorrelation function is analyzed by cyclic autocorrelation function and Hilbert transform, in order to extract rubbing characteristics based on casing signal of aero-engine and reduce inconsistent frequency in the frequency spectrum between time-delay signal of cyclic frequency slice position and original signal. Meanwhile, consideration is given to the influence of rubbing position and sensor installation position in the extraction of rubbing characteristics. Finally, the Hilbert envelope spectrum is compared and analyzed between normal running and occurrence of the rubbing faults of aero-engines. The result indicates that the different cyclic frequency positions slice signal's Hilbert envelop spectrum of signal autocorrelation function, but not original acceleration signal which has outstanding characteristic frequency for rubbing frequency (product between blade numbers and rotating frequency) and its twice frequency when rubbing fault occurs not only in single rubbing but also in local partial rubbing. Meanwhile, when compared with the original vibration signal slice, inconsistent frequency of the autocorrelation function slice in the Hilbert envelope spectrum is decreased considerably.


Stratospheric aerosol plays an important role in Earth's radiative balance. Systematic measurements of stratospheric aerosol number concentration and size are needed to characterize their baseline values and variability, improve understanding of aerosol microphysics, and assess the representation of stratospheric aerosol processes in global models. In situ measurements of particle size distribution provide insight into the responses of stratospheric aerosol processes to perturbations from volcanoes and wildfires, anthropogenic emissions from rockets and aircraft, or intentional injections related to climate intervention. The Baseline Balloon Stratospheric Aerosol Profiles (B2SAP) project uses compact, lightweight payloads carried by meteorological balloons to measure aerosol number density and size distributions, water vapor, ozone, and meteorological data from the surface to the middle stratosphere. The long‐term goal for the B2SAP project is to produce climatologies of aerosol number and size distributions into the middle stratosphere at latitudinally distributed measurement sites. Since March 2019, B2SAP payloads have been launched from Boulder, CO, USA once to twice per month and four to six times per year from Lauder, NZ. These measurements provide a new record of in situ stratospheric aerosol observations and are being used to help validate satellite‐based estimates of stratospheric aerosol size distributions. Here we present 50 vertical profiles from Boulder, CO, from March 2019 to March 2022, to build a NH mid‐latitude climatology of stratospheric aerosol and its variability and investigate the impact of natural perturbations on stratospheric aerosol microphysics.


The semibatch emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA and butyl acrylate (BA) in the presence of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)initiated by K2S2O8 (PSP) was studied. The latex particles can maintain an appreciablestability during the emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of MMA and BA in thepresence of HEMA The average particle diameter increase with an increase of totalsolids content, HEMA content, PSP content, ioniC strength of the system and monomerfeed rate, and decrease with the monomer feed ratio From 3/1(MMA/BA;molar ratio.)to1/3. The stability of this reaction system is improved by adding HEMA as nonioniccomonomer High solids content (50%) latex with monodisperse particle can beobtained using this process.


Face database contains images taken at various instants of the same person. The matching accuracy of spatial features drops significantly both in the presence of noise as well as when the variations in the different instances are high. To attenuate the image variations up to certain extent, image data is transformed from spatial domain to transformed domain. In this paper an effort is made to explore the effect of using fractional order spectrum obtained by the application of 2D FRDCT on the accuracy of face recognition. PCA is used as dimension reduction approach for reducing transformed feature set dimensionality. Reduced feature set is then classified by back propagation neural network classifier. Through the experiments performed on AT&T database it is shown that proposed FRDCT feature set approach gives a recognition accuracy of 94% with BPNN. Comparison is conducted for fractional order feature classification accuracy of AT&T public database with nearest neighbour classification approach. Experimental result shows marked reduction in classification error rate with neural network classification. General Terms Face recognition, Fractional DCT.


e18522 Background: The COVID-19–associated global pandemic has brought many public and population health issues to light. A glaring issue is the disparities among and differences in susceptibility of diverse ethnicities. Viral infection is not the only area of healthcare facing this issue: disparities in prevalence, biology, prognosis, and outcomes of cancer exist, often based on socioeconomics and social determinants of health (SDoH). CHD have been debated and discussed at several levels, from local counties to the congress to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Amid the debates and recommendations, it has been difficult to carve out a clear path forward. The complex factors involved include access to care because of financial challenges, biological and genetic factors, impact of SDoH, and access to screening, NGS testing, and clinical trials. CHD may contribute to almost 34% of deaths among adult cancer patients and additional spending of $230 billion. Addressing CHD could result in an indirect savings of as much as $1 trillion over 3 years (AACR, CDR, 2020). A comprehensive approach is needed to generate a groundswell of resources. This should include support for public policies aimed at improving understanding of the issue by all parts of the ecosystem (pharma, researchers, government agencies, physicians), adequate funding for federal and local initiatives, considerations of health in community planning and development, and collection of real-world data and evidence. At Carolina Blood and Cancer Care (CBCCA), the team decided to study this issue and initiate solutions one step at a time. Methods: CBCCA prioritized solutions in 5 categories. The top priority was to address issues impacting patients: access to care, NGS testing, cancer screening, SDoH, and clinical trial access. To address access to care issue (financial constraints), 2.5 FTEs (full-time equivalents) were allocated to carry out needs assessments and identify resources, including Medicaid eligibility, dual eligibility, other foundations, and sources for free drugs. A not-for-profit entity, No One Left Alone, was started to address CHD. Results: During 2021 CBCCA physicians saw 1787 unique cancer patients (both established and new). Of these, 319 needed IV anticancer treatment and an additional 104 needed oral oncolytics. Fifty-three could not pay for their cancer treatment. Another 101 patients needed assistance for out-of-pocket costs. Financial counselors procured free drugs worth $1,633,588 and an additional $135,931 in cash assistance for high out-of-pocket costs. The pharmacy team raised $253,218 for 64 patients (374 transactions) for out-of-pocket costs. As a result, not a single patient was left without treatment. Conclusions: Financial toxicity was addressed by allocating 0.5 FTE per oncologist to ensure access to care. In the next phase, CBCCA will address access to NGS testing.


The focus of this article is the 'voice of the translator' in the Polish core curriculum with specific reference to the textbooks for grades 4 to 6 published in the period 1999-2010. Language texts in school materials include translations of European classics and contemporary literature, from many languages and many cultures. One important dimension of the pedagogical use of these language texts is the 'fragmentation' of literature through excerpting. A fragment, or excerpt, can often take on a specific character of representing the whole text and also function outside a literary work in an autonomous role. Many of the excerpts from translated works of foreign literature which are presented in school textbooks give students an opportunity to prepare for understanding and dialoguing with other cultures.


Jakarta has been the country's capital city since prior to the independence of Indonesia. The enactment of Law Number 29 of 2007 concerning the Provincial Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta confirmed Jakarta to be the capital city of Indonesia. Many dynamics over the years, such as the issue of the capital city will sink, have caused Jakarta to be deemed no longer capable of becoming the nation's capital. The discourse of relocating the capital city since President Soekarno's administration until the Jokowi administration reaffirmed on August 26, 2019, that the Government would move the State Capital from DKI Jakarta province to East Kalimantan Province. The aim is evidenced by the issuance of Law Number 3 2022 for the State Capital, ratified by the House of Representatives on January 18, 2022, and signed by President Joko Widodo on February 15, 2022. The policy to move the capital city was motivated by developing new economic areas, reducing inter-regional, and improving welfare. Based on the SWOT analysis results, the authors found that the relocation of the capital city has more strengths and opportunities than weaknesses and threats, so the relocation of the capital city is expected to impact the Indonesian economy positively.


The analysis of information systems (IS) safety, especially quantitative analysis, is a very difficult problem. The weakness of current IS safety numerical analysis approaches is that they are based on complex models of calculation and there is no uniform approach for modeling all problems of safety of IS.

In this paper we describe the unified safety model of information system, reflecting the system operation in the form of equations comprising of two-state variables and logical conditions of safety characteristics. There are formulated the tasks of vulnerability analysis, intrusions detection and there is represented the comparison with the test control and diagnostic tasks.


Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of dissociative intracytoplasmic domain of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (LIFRα) subunit on the growth of HL-60 cells and the related signal transduction mechanism. Methods: The constructed recombinant plasmids pcDNA3.0-190CT2+3 and cDNA3.0-190CT3 were identified and transfected into HL-60 cells with liposome FuGene-6. Then the cells were cultured in a medium containing G-418 and the positive clones were selected. Immunohistochemical method and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of the target protein in HL-60 cells and the growth curve of the cells was plotted. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the phosphorylation levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) were assayed by Western blotting. Results: Western blotting detected the band of target protein and the cell line stably expressing the target protein was obtained. Compared with that of the wild type group, the cell sizes in 190CT2+3 and 190CT3 group were enlarged. The ratio of leaf cell number to the total cell number increased and the cell proliferation was slowed down. We also found that the expression of PCNA was decreased and the phosphorylation level of STAT3 was increased. Conclusion: The dissociative intracytoplasmic domain of LIFRα subunit can accelerate the differentiation of HL-60 cells, inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells, and activate signal molecule STAT3.


Transformers have been the dominant architecture for Speech Translation in recent years, achieving significant improvements in translation quality. Since speech signals are longer than their textual counterparts, and due to the quadratic complexity of the Transformer, a down-sampling step is essential for its adoption in Speech Translation. Instead, in this research, we propose to ease the complexity by using a Perceiver encoder to map the speech inputs to a fixed-length latent representation. Furthermore, we introduce a novel way of training Perceivers, with Dynamic Latent Access (DLA), unlocking larger latent spaces without any additional computational overhead. Speech-to-Text Perceivers with DLA can match the performance of Transformer baselines across three language pairs in MuST-C. Finally, a DLA-trained model is easily adaptable to DLA at inference, and can be flexibly deployed with various computational budgets, without significant drops in translation quality.


1-Chlorobenzotriazole is shown to be a convenient and highly efficient reagent for nuclear chlorination of carbazole and several derivatives. Reactions proceed to completion at ambient temperatures, yields are high in all cases, and mono-, di-, and tetra-chlorination occur with equal facility, according to the molar ratio of reagents.


PurposeBuilding information modeling (BIM) is a striking development in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, which provides in-depth information on different stages of the building lifecycle. Real estate valuation, as a fully interconnected field with the AEC industry, can benefit from 3D technical achievements in BIM technologies. Some studies have attempted to use BIM for real estate valuation procedures. However, there is still a limited understanding of appropriate mechanisms to utilize BIM for valuation purposes and the consequent impact that BIM can have on decreasing the existing uncertainties in the valuation methods. Therefore, the paper aims to analyze the literature on BIM for real estate valuation practices.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a systematic review to analyze existing utilizations of BIM for real estate valuation practices, discovers the challenges, limitations and gaps of the current applications and presents potential domains for future investigations. Research was conducted on the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases to find relevant references that could contribute to the study. A total of 52 publications including journal papers, conference papers and proceedings, book chapters and PhD and master's theses were identified and thoroughly reviewed. There was no limitation on the starting date of research, but the end date was May 2022.FindingsFour domains of application have been identified: (1) developing machine learning-based valuation models using the variables that could directly be captured through BIM and industry foundation classes (IFC) data instances of building objects and their attributes; (2) evaluating the capacity of 3D factors extractable from BIM and 3D GIS in increasing the accuracy of existing valuation models; (3) employing BIM for accurate estimation of components of cost approach-based valuation practices; and (4) extraction of useful visual features for real estate valuation from BIM representations instead of 2D images through deep learning and computer vision.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to research efforts on utilization of 3D modeling in real estate valuation practices. In this regard, this paper presents a broad overview of the current applications of BIM for valuation procedures and provides potential ways forward for future investigations.


Within recent years Acropyga, which seemed to be a rather insignificant genus of tropical Formicine ants, has been acquiring a reputation as a serious though indirect pest in certain South American countries. The receipt of an undescribed species of this genus together with its very interesting symbiotic coccids from Mr. E. J. H. Berwick of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture in Trinidad, B. W. I., has led me therefore to review briefly some of the published accounts of these insects. Emery, in the "Genera Insectorum" (1925), has divided the genus Acropyga into four subgenera: Acropyga s. str. (5 species), Rhizomyrma Forel (18 species), Atopodon Forel (5 species) and Malacomyrma Emery, with a single species. Acropyga and Atopodon are confined to the Indomalayan and Papuo-Australian regions. Rhizomyrma has a similar distribution in the Old World but is also represented and by an even greater number of species in Middle and South America and in the Antilles. The single species of Malacomyrma (M. silvestrii Emery) is known only from Eritrea. At first sight the workers of all four sub genera closely resemble those of our North American species of Lasius of the subgenus Acanthomyops Mayr in their small size, smooth, yellow integument and small or vestigial eyes, but closer examination shows that they are peculiar in having a reduced and variable number of antennal joints in all three castes. More over, like the species of Acanthomyops, all the Acropygae are ex quisitely hypogaeic, or subterranean ants devoted to fostering and disseminating root-coccids. Since the ants and their cher ished coccids may be locally very numerous, especially in planta tions, it is easy to see how certain economic plants may suffer serious injury through loss of sap or more indirectly, as will be shown in the sequel, by infection with pathogenic organisms transmitted by the coccids, after they have been transported to healthy plants by their hosts. The following accounts, with one exception, refer to species of Rhizomyrma and their coccids.


This paper presents a quiet position sensorless drives of IPMSM with ultrasonic frequency signal injection. Zero current clamping phenomenon is a problem for high frequency PWM operation of sensorless drives. To solve this problem, a modified PLL for the position estimation is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified experimentally.


The article analyzes data on crimes of violence against women and children victims in the territory of the Russian Federation, Central Federal District, in the regions of Ryazan' and Tver'. Among the causes of death of women special consideration was given to the medical and social problem of violent deaths, including murders and suicides.


Indonesia's language policy has become an interesting instance to discuss. Beginning from its diversity, Indonesia consists of over 13,000 islands and has approximately 700 languages among a significant number of different ethnic groups. The diversity of Indonesia faces various challenges in the development and implementation of the national language in order to unite the nation. On the other hand, there have been persistent struggles of the Indonesian government to keep maintaining the national language and preserving the vernacular languages. However, the paradox exists in the implementation of one language policy and the influence of English that would presumably displace the existence of vernacular languages and cultural identities. From the review of literature, this paper examines and critically evaluates the implementations and implications of language policy in Indonesia. Subsequently, for the purpose of the discussion, firstly the writer attempts to describe and discuss the context of language policy in Indonesia and its implication towards the minority languages. Furthermore, the author attempts to discuss the language policy's implementation on education and language teaching in Indonesia and ultimately, summarises the conclusion of the discussion


Motivic pattern classification from music audio recordings is a challenging task. More so in the case of a cappella flamenco cantes , characterized by complex melodic variations, pitch instability, timbre changes, extreme vibrato oscillations, microtonal ornamentations, and noisy conditions of the recordings. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have proven to be very effective algorithms in image classification. Recent work in large-scale audio classification has shown that CNN architectures, originally developed for image problems, can be applied successfully to audio event recognition and classification with little or no modifications to the networks. In this paper, CNN architectures are tested in a more nuanced problem: flamenco cantes intra-style classification using small motivic patterns. A new architecture is proposed that uses the advantages of residual CNN as feature extractors, and a bidirectional LSTM layer to exploit the sequential nature of musical audio data. We present a full end-to-end pipeline for audio music classification that includes a sequential pattern mining technique and a contour simplification method to extract relevant motifs from audio recordings. Mel-spectrograms of the extracted motifs are then used as the input for the different architectures tested. We investigate the usefulness of motivic patterns for the automatic classification of music recordings and the effect of the length of the audio and corpus size on the overall classification accuracy. Results show a relative accuracy improvement of up to 20.4% when CNN architectures are trained using acoustic representations from motivic patterns.


1) The purpcse of the present study is to investigate the effects of culture filtrates of Fuarsium oxysporum f. vasinfectum which is known to produce wilt toxin (fusaric acid) on the germination of host plants (sesame, cotton) and non-host plants (wheat, rice). 2) The experiment on the germination of sesame, cotton, wheat and rice seeds in the seed beds separately added with culture filtr ates of 10 differential strains of Fusarium oxysporom f. vasinfectum demonstrated that culture filtrates of most strains of the fungus inhibit or retard the germination of seeds of 4 plants used in this study while those of a few strains do not give notable influence on the germination of seeds of those plants. a) Culture filtrates of strain 201 of the fungus strongly inhibited the germination of seeds of those plants in nearly same degree, but culture filtrates of the other strains, 281, 321, etc., showed remarkable differences in the toxicity inhibiting or retarding the germination of the seeds of those plants. b) In general, sesame seeds are greatly susceptible, wheat and cotton seeds are moderately susceptible and rice seeds are resistant to the toxicity of culture filtrates of the fungus. 3) In the soil containing a number of differential strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum, the germination of seeds and also the growth of seedlings of non-host plants are possibly checked by the toxic substance, fusaric acid produced by the fungus.


We address the disturbance rejection problem of some parameter-perturbed non-minimum phase nonlinear systems. The disturbance is assumed to be a combination of an unknown constant and sinusoids with unknown magnitudes, phases and frequencies. A novel three-stage output feedback control strategy is proposed, which seems the first theoretical solution of this problem. The system states are first led to and kept within a high order sliding manifold for a moment; simultaneously the disturbance coefficients can be precisely extracted from an constructed auxiliary signal. Subsequently the disturbance may be completely rejected by feedforward compensation. We analyze the significance the proposed strategy, as well as its problems in practice. We also explain how it benefits further controller design.


A method for species bale receiving the compressible material (B) comprises the compressible material is compressed bale (B) to form a compressed bale, the bale is compressed with a plurality of grooves (G) at least on its side . The groove (G) from the compressed bale (B) an outer surface of the recess. The compressed bale (B) is transferred to a flexible container (100). The container (100) with the compressed bale (B) of a shape adapted so that the flexible container (100) at least some portion of the shape of the groove (G) to define from the compressed bale (B the container portion of the recess) outer surface (S). Also disclosed by the bundles (B) to be accommodated in the manufacturing method.


This paper describes the background and significance of the whole process state monitoring of express logistics in the three aspects of environment, society and economy, then introduces the current status of the tracking and monitoring of logistics process at home and abroad, and proposes the method of full-process condition monitoring and evaluation method for express logistics based on multi-information fusion and intelligent identification, The content of the method mainly includes: collecting data based on various information collection methods such as sensors, extracting and identifying the characteristics of expressive behavior through the algorithm and quantitative evaluation of the whole process express logistics status.finally, Finally, the paper summarizes the whole system-based method of multi-information fusion and intelligent identification of the whole logistics process monitoring and evaluation, and explains the follow-up work direction and content.


In recent years, natural fiber reinforced composites have received increasing attention in light of the growing environmental awareness. The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymeric composites for technical application has been a research subject of scientist. Among several natural fibers, Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is one that has good potential as reinforcement in polymer composite. PALF was extracted from raw pineapple leaf; it was then chemically treated and dried in hot air oven to hinder the water content. In the present work the composite specimens are prepared by using Bisphenol-A (BPA) as a matrix and the short PALF fiber with length < 15mm and 30% volume fraction as reinforcement. The composites were prepared by hand lay-up technique. The objective of the present work is to investigate the Tribological behavior of Short PALF reinforced Bisphenol-A composite. The composites reinforced with the fiber length of 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm & 14mm was subjected wear test. The wear behavior of the composites was performed using pin on disc machine at varying loads of 5N, 10N & 15N and at constant sliding distance, velocity and speed. The result shows that, the wear rate increases with increase in load for the composite specimen which has less interfacial bond strength. From this experimental study, it was observed that the fiber length greatly influences the wear properties of reinforced composites. Keywords— PALF, BPA, Fiber length, Natural fibers, Alkaline treatment, Specific wear rate, Co-efficient of friction.


The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of top management ethical behavior on job satisfaction of banks employees in Pakistan. Data was collected through questionnaire survey from 120 employees Random sampling method was used so that to mitigates the biasness and obtain fair results and response rate was 71%. Results of the study show significant impact on job satisfaction. Practical implications of study in banking industry is that top management act as a role model to promote ethical behavior in the organization that is definitely have the impact on employee ethical behavior and it will cause to increase the satisfaction.


In order to investigate if trait EI would account for better performance in a specific subject at GCSE, proportional odds regression was used. Specifically, the grade obtained in a particular subject was modelled in a regression analysis where gender, school, Key Stage 3 score (total of the levels obtained in English, Maths and Science) and each of the trait EI subscales/factors were the independent variables. The proportional odds regression can be expressed as


Based on the literature,on-the-spot plant sample collection and commercial investigation about Caulis Clematidis Armandii,we found that wild plant resource of Caulis Clematidis Armandii was seriously destroyed.To resolve sustainable development of this Chinese medicine,we need to lead people exploitation reasonable and organize people to grow the resource in aptly area.At the same time we found that Clematis armandii Franch.and C. argentilucida W.T.Wang were the mainly commodity of Caulis Clematidis Armandii,but C.argentilucida W.T.Wang wasn't statement in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2005ed).C.montana Buch.-Ham didn't found in commodity though it was statement in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2005ed).Owing to C.argentilucida W.T.Wang was described in Zhiwumingshitukao(植物名实图考Materia Medica in Qing dynasty) and the mainly commodity of Caulis Clematidis Armandii,we have to do deep research about this resource and clarify this medicine material.


Decomposing litter accumulated on the soil surface in forests plays a major role in several ecosystem processes; its detailed characterization is therefore essential for thorough understanding of ecosystem functioning. In addition, litter is known to affect remote sensing radar data over forested areas and their proper processing requires accurate quantification of litter scattering properties. In the present study, ultrawideband (0.8–2.2 GHz) ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data were collected in situ for a wide range of litter types to investigate the potential of the technique to reconstruct litter horizons in undisturbed natural conditions. Radar data were processed resorting to full‐wave inversion. Good agreement was generally found between estimated and measured litter layer thicknesses, with root‐mean‐square error values around 1 cm for recently fallen litter (OL layer) and around 2 cm for fragmented litter in partial decomposition (OF layer) and total litter (OL + OF). Nevertheless, significant correlations between estimated and measured thicknesses were found for total litter only. Inaccuracies in the reconstruction of the individual litter horizons were mainly attributed to weak dielectric contrasts amongst litter layers, with absolute differences in relative dielectric permittivity values often lower than 2 between humus horizons, and to uncertainties in the ground truth values. Radar signal inversions also provided reliable estimates of litter electromagnetic properties, with average relative dielectric permittivity values around 2.9 and 6.3 for OL and OF litters, respectively. These results are encouraging for the use of GPR for noninvasive characterization and mapping of forest litter. Perspectives for the application of the technique in biogeosciences are discussed.


The coronary stent treatment, that is one kind of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), is a general treatment to the angina pectoris. However, the stent has some problems such as a fracture after implantation and restenosis. One reason of the stent fracture is due to the cyclic load by the heart pulse after implantation. To avoid the stent fracture and restenosis, understanding the mechanical behavior of stents and an appropriate selection of stents are important. Since stent products have quite different design and material, standardizing the quantitative assessment of mechanical property of different stent products is required. In this study, fatigue tests were performed to compare mechanical properties (tensile fatigue and torsional fatigue properties) of four types of stent. Additionally, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to analyze fatigue behavior of stent in tensile and torsional loading direction. Fatigue Safety Factor (FSF) was used to evaluate fatigue property in the analysis. The results had different tendency of fatigue life between tensile and torsional fatigue tests. The fracture part in fatigue test was consistent with the stress concentration zone analyzed by FEA. Fatigue strength of four types of stents could be estimated by FSF. It is concluded that the fatigue behavior can be evaluated using FEA. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2015075]


Universalism and relativism are two orientations in semantic studies in western linguistics since the 19th century.This dissertation reviews the relativistic views held by William Von Humbolt,Edward Sapir,Benjamin Lee Whorf and Stephen C.Levinson,and some empirical studies triggered by Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and points out that perspective should be geared to the goal.Different perspectives are mutually plementary in studies.Both universality and ethnic specificity exist in natural language semantics.If we want to give service to language teaching,translation,dictionary compilation,nationality should be selected.If we choose the perspective of race,comparative research paradigm is suitable.


The purpose of this study is to discuss and attempt to analyse the issue of chemical weaponscontaining chemical warfare agents (CWA) and conventional ammunition containing toxic chemicalsthat pose a threat to the ecological safety of the Baltic Sea waters. These substances have been dumpedin the Baltic Sea and they are a real problem, therefore, it is necessary to assess and try to determine,at least theoretically, the degree of risk to the marine environment and human health. Work ondetermining the ecological risk assessment is the subject of activities under the flagship project underthe Strategy of the Baltic Sea Region, in which the Baltic Sea Environment Protection Commission(HELCOM) and the State Environmental Monitoring (SEM) play a leading role, performing the tasksof the Chief Inspector of Environmental Protection as a government representative of the central officefor environmental protection.Keywords: chemical weapons, chemical warfare agents, ecological safety, contamination of the BalticSea, threats of the natural environment


Allergic Rhinitis is a very common disease and many people suffer from it, but it has never had any full-scaled treatment method up until the last few years. In light of this, this Review will cover several different treatment methods of AR and how they have varied over time along with the latest developments in this area (1). There are many pharmacological methods used to treat the disease such as antihistamines, which are usually the first line of treatment. Other sources of treatment include Anti-IgE therapies, Intranasal steroids, Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists, Immunotherapy and Biologics. This paper reviews evidence from the past and more recent articles to make a literature review that helps distinguish between different treatment methods and explains how each method helps treat AR.


A weather radar usually extracts the necessary information from the return Doppler spectrum moment estimates. Phase stability is a very important factor in obtaining accurate and reliable information in a Doppler weather radar system since the system phase noise may seriously degrade the weather spectrum moment estimation quality. These spectrum moment estimates are commonly obtained using the pulse pair method which is simple to implement and fast enough to process an enormous amount of weather radar data in real time. Therefore, an analytical method is developed in this paper to analyze and quantify the phase noise effects on the pulse pair spectrum moment estimates in terms of the phase noise power and broadness.


OBJECTIVE: The goal of the study was to determine if genetic deletion of Sarm1 prevents vincristine-induced neuropathy in a mouse model.
BACKGROUND: Vincristine is a chemotherapeutic agent that frequently causes peripheral neuropathy (VIPN). The central deficit in VIPN is axonal degeneration, for which no treatment currently exists. Loss of Sarm1 protects axons from acute degeneration in mice, indicating that inhibition of Sarm1 may have therapeutic value in patients with neuropathies. The goal of this study was to develop mouse models of VIPN and to test if knock-out (KO) of Sarm1 decreases axonal degeneration in these models.
DESIGN/METHODS: Sarm KO mice and wild-type controls received weekly or twice weekly intraperitoneal injections of vincristine or vehicle for four weeks. Before and after chemotherapy, mice underwent nerve conduction studies and a battery of sensorimotor tests. Sensory, mixed and predominantly motor peripheral nerves at different proximal-distal levels were collected and evaluated with light and electron microscopy.
RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS: Four weekly intraperitoneal injections of 1mg/kg vincristine caused a small decrease in tail nerve amplitude and slight, but significant axon loss in the sural nerves. A more severe neuropathy was induced by eight twice-weekly injections of 1.5mg/kg vincristine, as revealed by a significant, distally pronounced loss in tail nerve amplitude, mild decrease in conduction velocity and significant axon loss in the nerves of the 3rd toe and the distal sural nerve. The proximal sural, tibial and sciatic nerves did not show axon loss, consistent with the development of a length-dependent, sensory predominant axonal polyneuropathy. Sarm1 KO mice had no significant decrease in tail amplitude or axon number in either mouse model of VIPN, indicating that Sarm1 is protective in VIPN in the mouse.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that targeting the Sarm1 pathway may be an effective strategy to treat vincristine-induced neuropathy. Disclosure: Dr. Geisler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Doan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Strickland has nothing to disclose. Dr. Xin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Milbrant has received license fee payments from Chromadex. Dr. DiAntionio has received a license fee payment from Novus Biological.


Image capture device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and designed to enable detection of an object sensor; Provided to be able to see the camera and; An image processor arranged to process the image data according to photographing of a camera and; And possibly providing communication with an external device, the predetermined first state, and than one can operate one of the first communication unit the second state of low power consumption, and; It is provided to enable communication with external devices, a second communication unit having a lower data transmission capacity than the first communication unit; A first communication unit an indication of the second state to by the sensor in response to which the object is detected via whether to perform recording second through the communication request to the external device, and the second communication unit by a camera shooting performed from the external device during the that in response to being received to generate image data according to the photographing of the camera controls the image processing unit, and to perform the first communication unit to the first state to the image data according to the photographing of the camera via the first communication transmitted by the external device It characterized in that a control unit for controlling.


The Status of the nuclear fission industry in Japan is described. Japanese nuclear policy, vision, goals, and supporting organizational structures are reviewed. The facilities of the Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute RAERI), Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC), and the Japan Atomic Power Company (JAPCO) are illustrated and described. Nuclear power statistics and power generation costs by power source are shown for Japan. New photographic details and technical descriptions are presented for Japan's: nuclear fuel cycle (NFC), light water reactor (LWR), advanced thermal reactor (ATR), fast breeder reactor (PBR), gas centrifuge uranium enrichment, LWR spent fuel reprocessing, ATR and FBR spent fuel uranium/plutonium mixed oxide fuel (MOX) co- conversion process, high level nuclear waste management (NWM) policy, reactor operation safety, newly developed decommissioning and dismantling policy for obsolete nuclear facilities, and new future technology.


Pulse compression using maximum-length sequence (M-sequence) can improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the reflected echo and distance resolution in the pulse–echo method. In the case of a moving object, however, the echo is modulated due to the Doppler effect. The Doppler-shifted M-sequence-modulated signal cannot be correlated with the reference signal, which corresponds to the transmitted M-sequence-modulated signal. Therefore, Doppler velocity estimation before the correlation and cross correlation of the received signal with Doppler-shifted reference signals has been proposed. In this paper, the proposed Doppler velocity estimation based on spectral characteristics of cyclic M-sequence-modulated signals is described. Then, the Doppler velocity estimation is evaluated based on computer simulations. The Doppler velocity can be estimated from the Fourier-transformed spectral density of cycles of the M-sequence-modulated signal with high resolution even in noisy environments. According to the evaluation, furthermore, the cycle number and the number of carrier waves in 1 digit of the M-sequence-modulated signal should be decreased to improve the resolution and accuracy when the length of the transmitted signal is determined.


Da'wah and local culture are two variables that giving imfortance characteristic for growing and developing da'wah models in West Java. The meeting of them can constructed models that add teoritical discourse of da'wah and models, such as: adaptive model, interactive model and integrative model. In adaptive model, da'wah process ia natural, mad'u is given freedom for adaptation with varieties of behavior and values; in interactive model, the societies(mad'u) is posited in equal status, attitude and their views honoured, like that also norms and tradition, so da'wah process can create syntheses between mission with culture really; and in integrative model, da'wah is processed in complexity culture where all elemen mutually prices and stimulated to grow and develop in larger spectrum area.


TIGGE offers an opportunity to develop methods of applying global ensemble predictions systems (EPSs) from different models to improve the predictions of local hydrological risks. Comparative assessments of data fromdifferent EPSs improve the application of the grand ensemble forecasts from multiple sources. Based on the observed rainfall records from 10 stations in the Yishu River basin during August 2007, ensemble forecasts of 6-h precipitation from 5 EPSs, i.e., BABJ (Beijing), ECMF (ECWMF), EGRR (UKMO), RJTD (Japan), and KWBC (NCEP), are compared and assessed using several quantitative methods. Comparing the ensemble mean precipitation rates of all the EPS, EGRR scored highest with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.48 and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NE) of 0.21 in the lead time of four days; BABJ scored the lowest. For the control predictions of all the EPSs, RJTD scored highest with R=0.19 and NE=0.13 in a lead time of four days, followed by BABJ and EGRR. Compared with the control predictions, the ensemble mean of each EPS showed better performance. The multimodal ensemble mean showed a further improvement of the prediction skill. In the lead time of four days the multimodal ensemble mean had an R=0.49 and NE=0.24. For different threshold values, the analysis of the threat score (TS) and Brier score (BS) showed similar comparative assessment. When the prediction lead time was increased, all the EPS showed a stable decline of prediction skills, with EGRR showing the longest and most stable decline period (9 days).


ABSTRACT The end of apartheid in South Africa is typically characterised as 'peaceful'. However, between 1985 and 1995, South Africa experienced a civil war in which more than 20,000 people died. In this war, the African National Congress (ANC) implemented a strategy of 'people's war' based on Vietnam's experience while the government pursued a counterinsurgency strategy based on models employed by the United States. In the war's second phase, the ANC and Inkatha employed unconventional tactics in a campaign to gain political and military control of disputed territory. Owing to its success in the war, the ANC was able to prevent its rivals from significantly limiting its power in the central government after 1994 as well as exclude Inkatha from operating in key areas even in its home province.


A biosensor is a device that detects, records, and transmits information regarding a physiological change or the presence of various chemical or biological materials in the environment. More technically, a biosensor is a probe that integrates a biological component, such as a whole bacterium or a biological product (e.g., an enzyme or antibody) with an electronic component to yield a measurable signal. Biosensors, which come in a large variety of sizes and shapes, are used to monitor changes in environmental conditions. They can detect and measure concentrations of specific bacteria or hazardous chemicals; they can measure acidity levels (pH). In short, biosensors can use bacteria and detect them, too.


The need for global financial language gave birth to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The adoption of IFRS has been argues to have changed the manner in which the financial statements are prepared, presented and reported. IFRS represents a single set of high quality, globally accepted accounting standards that can enhance comparability of financial reporting across the globe. The significant disparities between the Nigerian Statement of Accounting Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards have resulted in the Statement of Accounting Standards being regarded as outdated and incomplete as an authoritative and internationally accepted guide to the preparation of financial statements. The study however examined the extent to which Nigerian banks have implemented the provisions of IFRS frameworks. The sample comprises of fourteen quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria. Specifically, financial statement figures of 2007 – 2011 (pre-adoption period) and 2012 – 2016 (post-adoption period) were utilized. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design. Annual panel data were collected from the financial statements and accounts of 14 deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as well from the Securities and Exchange Commission statistical bulletin from 2007 to 2016. The findings revealed that the return on shareholders' funds has improved since implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on Nigerian banks. IFRS implementation has significant effect on the profitability of quoted banks in Nigeria. The implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has significantly influenced banks' earnings and it was concluded that IFRS has positive impact on equity and earnings of banks. It was recommended that government and regulatory authorities should organize more quality training to get bankers informed.


THE PATH TOWARDS MYSTICISM: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF HAYY IBN YAQZAN Writer: Keith Nemeth Thesis Advisor: Nasser Behnegar Second Reader: David DiPasquale Hayy Ibn Yaqzan is a novel whose protagonist seeks intellectual knowledge and spiritual fulfillment over a lifetime of scientific experimentation and solitary rumination. The culmination of his efforts is not to independently verify the Islamic faith, as his final product differs dramatically from their dogma. Instead, he is looking to seek knowledge, not empathy from his Creator by knowing him directly, instead of worshiping him through the process of prayer. This education alienates him from the society on the other island, as they are unable or unwilling to follow his example. By accepting this path, instead of following the dominant creed and code of the populous, Hayy is unable to live comfortably within that setting and must return to his place of solitaire amongst nature.


Infrared images have the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability and all-weather work, and are used in many fields. This paper improves the infrared target detection based on the YOLOv5 deep learning algorithm. Since the attention mechanism has the function of ignoring irrelevant information and focusing on key information, this paper integrates the attention mechanism with the YOLOv5 algorithm to improve the feature extraction ability of the algorithm. Increase the multi-scale detection strategy; this paper conducts experiments on the public infrared data set. The test results show that the YOLOv5 algorithm based on the fusion of attention mechanism and multi-scale detection improves the target detection accuracy by 3.2%, and also has good performance in small infrared target detection.


Market Basket Analysis is a popular data mining tool that can be used to search through data to find patterns of co-occurrence among objects. It is an algorithmic process that generates business rules and several metrics for each business rule such as support, confidence and lift that help researchers identify "interesting" patterns. Although useful, these popular metrics do not incorporate traditional significance testing. This paper describes how to easily add a well-known statistical significance test, the Pearson's Chi Squared statistic, to the existing output generated by SAS® Enterprise Miner's Association Node. The addition of this significance test enhances the ability of data analysts to make better decisions about which business rules are likely to be more useful.


Building on Knowledge-Based Theory, I study the relationship between pro-market reforms, firm internationalization strategy, and firm profitability in developing countries. I argue that pro-market reforms augment firm profitability because they increase the competitiveness of local markets, allowing firms to increase their market experiential knowledge and ultimately their profitability. However, I also explain that the effects of reforms on firm profitability may be enhanced by the international strategic choices of firms because such choices may increase the potential for absorptive capacity and learning. I propose that developing-country firms that operate in international markets increase their market experiential knowledge by learning how to compete at international levels, which makes it easier to be competitive in their home market in response to reforms. This effect is especially pronounced for developing-country firms that establish subsidiaries in advanced economies, as it forces them to develop...


After integrated circuit feature size is down to 14 nm and under, Co has gradually replaced Ta as an effective barrier layer material. But due to large standard potential difference between Cu and Co, severe galvanic corrosion happens in the Co-Cu interface. The effect of polyaspartic acid (PASP) on Cu/Co galvanic corrosion in alkaline condition was discussed. The results showed that PASP could improve the Material removal rate (MRR) of Cu and reduce the galvanic corrosion between Cu and Co. The corrosion potential difference of Cu/Co was less than 20 mV. In this paper, the mechanism of galvanic corrosion and inhibition was discussed. The new green biodegradable corrosion inhibitor could be a potential candidate in barrier slurry formulation.


The aim of this article was to investigate the effect of ageing on the rheological parameters of ice cream mix. We prepared the model mix in accordance with the traditional Kahramanmaras-type ice-cream manufacturing method. The apparent viscosity (ηa) of the samples was measured as a function of shear rate, and the Power Law model was used to determine flow behavior (n) and consistency indices (K). The ηa of sample was significantly affected from ageing time as it increased up to 24 hours then decreased. The values of n and K of the samples ranged in 0.336 to 0.359 and 3719.72 – 4328.73 mPa.sn, respectively. After 24 hours of ageing, K and ηa of the mix reached the highest, while the n reached the lowest values. These results suggested that 24 hours of waiting would be a proper ageing time for the ice cream mix. It could be recommended that ice cream mix may be aged at 0°C for about 24 hours before proceeding to the freezing step of ice cream manufacturing.


In this paper, the Hirschmanian exit--voice approach is applied to the development of industrial districts. The analysis of the post-World War II evolution of the Prato district helps to make explicit how the industrial district competitive advantage can be reproduced over time during periods of regular development. In addition, the exit--voice polarity helps in understanding also the specific difficulties that industrial districts face in responding to major changes in their external circumstances. In particular, the case examined sheds light on the role that conscious collective action has in permitting the successful adjustment of a local system. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.


Fabrication and characterization of a front-side illuminated InGaAs/InP modified uni-travelling-carrier photodiode (MUTC-PD) with cliff layer has been demonstrated experimentally. The resulting photodiodes exhibit a low dark current density of 1.30×10 A/cm at -5 V, and a measured responsivity of 0.24 A/W at 1.55 μm (without antireflection coating). Inclusion of an anti-reflection coating could enhance the responsivity to 0.36 A/W. Under low-level illumination conditions, a 27 μm diameter device exhibits a measured smallsignal bandwidth of 8.8 GHz. Contrary to conventional p-i-n photodiodes, the bandwidth of the MUTC-PD is shown to increase with increasing input optical power; the devices shown here have bandwidths of 12.8 GHz at an optical intensity of 14.1 μW/μm.


Information Gain (IG) or the Kullback Leibler algorithm is a statistical algorithm that is employed to extract useful features from datasets to eliminate redundant and valueless features. Applying this feature selection technique paves way for sophisticated analysis on Big Data, requiring the underlying framework to handle the data complexity, volume and velocity. The Hadoop ecosystem comes in handy, enabling for seamless distributed computing leveraging the computing potential of many commercial machines. Previous research studies [1, 2] indicate that Hive is best suited for data warehousing and ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) workloads. We aim to extend Hive's capability to analyze how it suits analytical algorithms and compare its performance with MapReduce. In this Big Data era, it is essential to design algorithms efficiently to reap the benefits of parallelization over existing frameworks. This study will showcase the efficacy in designing IG for Hadoop framework and discuss the implementation of IG for analytical workload on Hive and MapReduce. Inherently both these components are built over a shared nothing architecture which prevents contention issues increasing data parallelism, thus best-fitting for analytical workloads. Hence, the programmer is relieved from the overhead of maintaining structures like indexes, caches and partitions. Assessing implementation of Information Gain on both these parallel processing components will certainly provide insights on the benefits and downsides that each component should offer and at large will enable researchers and developers to employ appropriate components for suitable tasks.


In the new millennium, scholars and business personal are actively searching a secret recipe on how to support the ability of current generations to meet their needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. As many research discovered that eco innovation echoes to the sustainability development, research opportunity knocked the door for knowledge discovery as limited information reveals under this domain. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to shed light on the role of eco innovation efforts towards sustainable development particularly in the automotive industries. There are five types of eco innovation that highly discussed in the literature namely eco product, process, marketing, organization and institutional. However, the technical eco innovation in forms of product and process relatively embrace by automotive industries as this industry received global forces in order to reduce pollution and waste creation. Furthermore, many scholars acknowledge that the automotive industries behave as a driver to improve sustainability performance. Secondly, this paper will discuss the secret weapons behind the eco innovation efforts underlines product and process innovation by reviewing dynamic capabilities theory. Last but not least, at the end of this paper, new paradigm for new research opportunities in automotive industries will be discussed.


The requirements of a family of design work-stations for IC/CAD are presented and areas in which they will find major application are described.


Introduction Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major cause of mortality in surgery and trauma. Damage control surgery (DCS) is essential in the management of these cases. The use of topical hemostatic agents has increased over the last two decades with the evolution of DCS and trauma-induced coagulopathy. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of standard perihepatic packing with the addition of either a MRDH (modified rapid deployment hemostat) or a non-MRDH hemostatic dressing. Methods This was a retrospective, comparative analysis of prospectively collected data held in the registry of a level I trauma center in Bologna, Italy, between 2005 and 2019. 33 patients with grade IV/V liver injuries who underwent a standardized perihepatic packing with hemostatic dressings were enrolled in the study. The study group included 21 patients treated with standard packing plus MRDH. The control group included 12 patients treated with standard packing plus a combination of fibrillar absorbable hemostat and human fibrin sealant. Results The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade although the MRDH one seemed to have more severe injury: hemodynamic instability was present in 95% of MRDH patients vs. 83% in the control group. Also, Injury Severity Score (ISS) and New Injury Severity Score (NISS) were 41 vs 35.5 and 47 vs 39.1, respectively. The incidence of re-bleeding requiring repacking at the second-look laparotomy was 4.7% in MRDH patients vs. 16.7% in non-MRDH patients (p = .5, OR = 4). The overall complication rate was of 23% after the introduction of MRDH vs. 81% in the control group. Conclusion Despite the potential effectiveness of MRDH, this study does not seem to confirm a significant superiority of this hemostat over the standard.


The S-shape acc/dec improves the flexibility and stability of CNC system. The S-shape acc/dec algorithm is studied in this paper, in which the velocity and displacement are all been computed and discussed. Through simulated the S-shape acc/dec algorithm to show velocity's change is flexibly, which can be used in high speed CNC system.


With corn processing by-products-corn bran as raw material,the process of making dietary fiber powder was studied.The experiment was designed to get the optimun conditions of removing phytic acid,starch and protein.The results showed that: the optimum conditions to remove phytic acid were: the reaction temperature 60℃,time 4h,pH 5.0;removal starch: liquid ratio 1:15,boiling temperature 121℃,boiling time 20min;removal protein: the amount of protease enzyme 7U/g,hydrolysis time 4h,hydrolysis pH7.0,substrate concentration 1:14.The total dietary fiber content of bran dietary fiber powder made was up to 95.8%.


The gender composition of the labor force has changed significantly due to the emergence of a number of new social and economic trends in most countries. Russia is no exception. Nowadays women constitute almost half of the workforce in Russia what emphasizes the importance of understanding their career expectations and professional development paths. Historically, career research was based on investigation of professional activities of men, which did not provide opportunities to objectively assess gender-specific factors affecting the career path of women significantly. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of women's career paths and the features of career orientations, to assess the impact of gender-specific barriers, and to analyze the existing practices used by organizations in Russia to support working women. The kaleidoscope career model is applied as an evaluation tool. The results of the study show that there is a high level of orientation to challenge and authenticity among working women in Russia, a low level of influence of gender-specific stereotypes, as well as an insufficient development of practices directed towards professional development of women in the Russian companies. The conclusions made in the paper present an important addition to the knowledge about the contextual specificity of women's careers and can be employed in the development of effective women-oriented human resource management systems.


We fabricated a high-performance film heater based on a silver nanowire and polymethyl methacrylate (Ag NW–PMMA) composite film, which was synthesized with the assistance of mechanical lamination and an in situ transfer method. The films exhibit excellent conductivity, high figure of merit, and strong adhesion of percolation network to substrate. By controlling NW density, we prepared the films with a transmittance of 44.9–85.0% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of 0.13–1.40 Ω sq−1. A stable temperature ranging from 130 °C–40 °C was generated at 3.0 V within 10–30 s, indicating that the resulting film heaters show a rapid thermal response, low driving voltage and stable temperature recoverability. Furthermore, we demonstrated the applications of the film heater in defrosting and a physical therapeutic instrument. A fast defrosting on the composite film with a transmittance of 88% was observed by applying a 9 V driving voltage for 20 s. Meanwhile, we developed a physical therapeutic instrument with two modes of thermotherapy and electronic-pulse massage by using the composite films as two electrodes, greatly decreasing the weight and power consumption compared to a traditional instrument. Therefore, Ag NW–PMMA film can be a promising candidate for diversified heating applications.


The current source is one of the most important circuits in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) systems. It should be able to supply low current (1 mA) at 10 kHz–1 MHz and can support load between 100 Ω–10 kΩ. Moreover, it must have output impedance greater than 100 kD. In this study, we evaluated an Enhanced Howland (EH) and Triple Op-Amps (TOA) current sources with two different op-amps namely LM741 and AD844. The constant current was measured at 1 kHz to 1 MHz with two different loads (Resistor and Cole-Cole load). The results showed that the constant and high output impedance current sources for multi-frequency could be fulfilled both EH and TOA current sources prepared with op-amp AD844 and a Cole-Cole load. The constant current can be achieved up to 100 kHz for the op-amp AD844 while op-amp LM741 is only able to achieve up to 10 kHz. Meanwhile, measured output impedance showed that the EH current source is better than TOA current source. The output impedance of the EH current source was 1.18 MD at 1 kHz and was higher than 600 kD at 500 kHz, while the output impedance of the TOA current source was 1.16 MD at 1 kHz and was higher than 300 kD at 500 kHz. Otherwise, the op-amp LM741 is only able to produce output impedance below 200 kD at 10 kHz for both EH and TOA.


This paper explains the negative correlation between the days of work reported by fathers in rural Pakistani households and the incomes earned by their coresident adult sons, thereby contributing to research on the benefits from intergenerational coresidence. I find that the decline in fathers' days of work that accompanies increases in sons' incomes primarily results because such income is used to finance expenditures on household public goods, such as consumer durables and ceremonies. Empirical tests reject most alternative explanations of the benefits of coresidence, including the belief that sons contribute to fathers' wealth.


Double-stranded DNA molecules can be damaged by enzymic action or radiation, in a manner which creates randomly-located single-stranded breaks (nicks). The accumulation of these leads eventually to the double-stranded breakage of the molecule, because two opposite-strand nicks within a critical distance of each other establish conditions for breakage. We study the random variable N, defined as the number of nicks needed for double-stranded breakage to occur. We develop an asymptotic theory which is needed for practical computations.


The solubility of tetraphenyltin in a number of non-polar solvents is presented. The data are analyzed in terms of Hildebrand's theory of regular solutions. The large molar volume of this solute requires the inclusion of a Flory-Huggins term in the saturation solubility equation. The possible limitation of the interaction-energy geometric-mean rule are examined and a comparison is made with data for the solubility of stannic iodide, iodine and sulphur in a similar set of solvents.


We propose and evaluate an improved design at the level of PET detector blocks based on monolithic crystals that will eventually be used on a research prototype for human brain PET/MRI imaging - the BrainPET scanner. These new detector blocks, when compared with pixilated designs, feature simpler mechanics, lower cost, larger sensitive volume, better energy and spatial resolutions, all of which contribute to improvements in PET detector technology. Moreover, the magnetic compatibility of all the materials composing the block makes it suitable for operation inside an MRI scanner. Results from both experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations allow an evaluation of the performance of the detector blocks, illustrating their potential for high-sensitivity PET imaging of the human brain.


We give a characterization of all three points in $\mathbb R^4$ with integer coordinates which are at the same Euclidean distance apart. In three dimension the problem is characterized in terms of solutions of the Diophantine equations $a^2+b^2+c^2=3d^2$. In $\mathbb R^4$, the characterization is essentially based on two different solutions of the same equation.


Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 2421–2425 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag G The bottom-up assembly of nanostructures on a dielectric matrix holds great promise for use in optoelectronic devices and photovoltaic solar cells because of the unique optical and electrical properties manifested only at the nanoscale. Notable examples include gold nanoparticle chains embedded in silicon oxide nanowires and crystalline Si (c-Si) nanodots embedded in a silicon oxide film. Recently, the simultaneous incorporation of both silicon and noble metal nanoparticles on a SiO2 matrix has become a particularly interesting issue because of the dramatic increase in light absorption, and emission of silicon-based materials related to the surface plasmon effect of the metal nanoparticles. Significant progress has been made on the synthesis of metal nanoparticles with various shapes and composition to control surface plasmonic properties. In our previous study, we reported a new fabrication method for size-controlled c-Si nanodots from a core–shell silicon oxide nanowire by electron-beam irradiation that leads to electron trapping followed by oxygen expulsion. In this paper, we aimed to fabricate a new noble metal–silicon hybrid nanowire with possible extraordinary optical properties by using a similar strategy as the one above to produce a high density of Si nanodots in gold-nanoparticle-embedded silicon oxide nanowires by electron-beam irradiation. We found that the formation mechanism of Si nanodots in this study is thermally driven, which is entirely different from earlier cases which resulted from electron trapping. Our method produces a high density (ca. 5.1 10 cm ) of amorphous Si (a-Si) and c-Si nanodots with a narrow size distribution. The optical characteristics of Si nanodots in the vicinity of the gold nanoparticles were investigated by monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), which revealed a shift in the surface plasmon band of gold and a marked enhancement in the electron-induced excitation of Si nanodots. Furthermore, simple heat treatment at high temperature (1123K) yielded an unexpected Au/Si core–shell nanostructure with a corresponding shift in the plasmon band. We synthesized gold-nanoparticle-embedded silicon oxide nanowires by simply heating an n-type (100) silicon wafer onto which a thin (ca. 20 nm) gold layer had been deposited to 1273 K in a microchamber. The resulting nanowires were predominantly observed along the inner part of the downstream edge of the Si wafer. To understand how these hybrid nanowires came to be formed, we studied their structural evolution through detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, which revealed that gold silicide droplets that grow from the gold-coated substrate evolve into a gold peapod structure encapsulated in the silicon oxide nanowires (see Supporting Information, Fig. S1). A typical TEM image of the goldpeapod-embedded silicon oxide nanowire is shown in Figure 1a. The lattice-resolved TEM image (Fig. 1b) and its Fourier-transform diffractogram (Fig. 1b, inset) taken at the gold nanoparticle site unambiguously reveal the face centered cubic (fcc) structure of gold. On the other hand, both the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image (Fig. 1c) and the selective-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern (Fig. 1d, inset) taken at the square-framed region in Figure 1a, together with its radial distribution function (RDF) (Fig. 1d), indicate that the nanowire matrix is in an amorphous phase, consisting of a short-range atomic arrangement similar to the monoclinic SiO2 structure. Figure 1e shows the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data taken at the site marked by the red circle (A1) in Figure 1a, which reveals an approximate stoichiometry of SiO1.3 when compared against the EDS spectrum of our reference material, SiO2. In Figure 1f, the core-excitation electron energy-loss spectrum taken at A1 reveals a Si-L2,3 energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) of silicon-rich oxide (SRO), which is in accord with the EDS results. Electron-beam irradiation of these gold-peapod-embedded SRO nanowires yielded a high density of Si nanodots. Energy-filtered transmission electronmicroscopy (EF-TEM) gives the plasmon-loss images of Si filtered at 17 eV (Fig. 2a–c), which show that the number of Si nanodots formed between two gold particles increases with irradiation time. The bright zone in Figure 2b indicates the formation of a Si network following the initial nucleation of isolated clusters. As the irradiation proceeds further in time, Si atoms aggregate into nanodots in the amorphous SRO (a-SRO) matrix until eventually a high density of Si nanodots with a size of 4.0–5.5 nm are formed (Fig. 2c). If


According to the Geneva Charter for well‐being, health is a political choice and governments have crucial roles in providing the prerequisites of health and well‐being for people in societies. To initiate the creation of sustainable well‐being in societies, the health systems of all countries must be governed by a health promotion approach. To propose a "health promotion governance framework," we apply the concepts of good governance and the Ottawa Charter strategies/action areas to health system governance. To implement the good governance components within health systems, policymakers need to apply the three Ottawa Charter's strategies. Applying these strategies, the policymakers will be led to perform the five mechanisms through community‐based interventions for health promotion. As a result, they will achieve a health system with "health‐promoting governance." Such a system can act so effective, efficient, equitable, and inclusive that it brings about better health outcomes. In this way, the proposed "health promotion governance framework" might be helpful in giving reality to the governance of health promotion in health systems, which is the first step in creating sustainable well‐being in societies.


Although the mu selective agonist [D-Ala-MePhe-Glyol]enkephalin (DAMGO) and the delta selective agonist [D-Pen,D-Pen]enkephalin (DPDPE) are both antinociceptive when administered directly into the spinal cord of mice, 50% of antinociceptive dose (AD50) of DAMGO is about 2 orders of magnitude lower than the AD50 of DPDPE. In contrast, the two ligands show similar affinities for their respective receptors in in vitro binding assays. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that DPDPE antinociception in the spinal cord is mediated through not delta but mu receptors, for which it has an several hundred-fold lower affinity than DAMGO. In support of this, we found that DPDPE-mediated antinociception was blocked by the mu selective antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-TrpArg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP). The pA2 value of CTAP for DPDPE was virtually identical with that for DAMGO. However, because its action also was blocked by naltrindole, an antagonist selective for delta receptors, the latter must also play a role in antinociception. When DAMGO and DPDPE were administered i.t. together at ratios ranging from 1:200 to 1:500, the AD50 of DAMGO was lowered as much as 10-fold relative to its AD50 when given alone. Thus DPDPE had a potentiating effect on DAMGO, although the reverse was not observed. This potentiation was lost in animals made tolerant to systemic morphine. The loss of potentiation seemed to be caused by changes in the delta receptors, because a) the AD50 of DAMGO (i.t.) given alone to tolerant animals was virtually the same as for naive animals, whereas the AD50 of DPDPE given alone increased by 4-fold; and b) the AD50 of DPDPE given alone in the tolerant animal was increased only slightly by naltrindole, whereas CTAP was still a very potent antagonist. We conclude that DPDPE, a selective delta agonist, mediates antinociception in the spinal cord through mu receptors, consistent with results of recent studies of "knock-out" mice lacking mu receptors. At the same time, however, the delta agonist acting through delta receptors can potentiate the mu receptor-mediated antinociceptive action of either mu or delta agonists. This potentiating effect, like the synergistic effect observed between mu receptors at spinal and supraspinal sites, is lost during tolerance. Morphine administered systematically to humans or laboratory animals induces tolerance. Surprisingly, however, this phenomenon occurs only when the test dose of morphine also is administered systemically. When mice chronically administered morphine by a systemic route are tested by localized injection of morphine either i.c.v. or i.t., no tolerance is observed (Roerig et al., 1984; Roerig and Fujimoto,1988; He and Lee, 1997). Insight into this surprising observation has been obtained in studies in which morphine is administered acutely to both supraspinal and spinal sites together. Under these conditions, there is a multiplicative or synergistic effect. The antinociceptive potency at both sites together is significantly greater than the sum of such potencies at individual sites (Yeung and Rudy, 1980; Roerig and Fujimoto, 1989). In tolerant animals, however, the synergism is lost (Roerig et al., 1984). These results suggest that the systemic tolerance emerges from changes not in receptors at discrete central nervous system sites, but rather from changes in interactions between these sites (Roerig and Fujimoto, 1988; He and Lee,


Background: Crohn's disease (CD) usually recurs after resection, but the factors associated with this risk remain obscure. We set out to determine the role of stricturing (Montreal Classification B2) versus penetrating (Classification B3) disease behavior in predicting early (<3 years) versus late (≥3 years) postoperative recurrence. Methods: We identified a cohort of 34 patients seen at The Mount Sinai Hospital who had undergone a first ileocolic resection prior to December 31, 2004, who had been clinically thought to have had stricturing (B2) disease, and for whom we could verify 1) the operative and surgical pathology findings; and 2) the time of onset of symptoms attributable to recurrent CD by endoscopy, radiology, or surgery. Cases were reclassified as either "stricturing" (B2) or "penetrating" (B3) on the basis of operative and surgical pathology reports. Recurrences were classified as either "early" (<3 years) or "late" (≥3 years) depending on the first appearance of postoperative symptoms that were verified endoscopically and histologically, radiologically, or surgically as being attributable to anastomotic recurrence of the CD. Results: Among these 34 patients clinically thought to have had B2 disease, 12 had B2 disease confirmed upon review of surgical and pathology reports and none of them had recurrence within 3 years. Among the 22 patients reclassified as B3 disease, 12 (55%) had early recurrence. This difference was significant at the 0.002 level by the Fisher Exact Test. Conclusions: There is a strong proclivity for early postoperative recurrence of penetrating CD compared to stricturing disease, which may not be evident by behavioral classification on clinical grounds alone. Patients with confirmed uncomplicated stricturing obstruction at their first resection seem unlikely to experience a clinical recurrence within the next 3 years.


The papre set up some relation fomautes of cach pole's tength of packaging executionmechanism-crank and rocker mdchanism which meet the conditions given and also offcrecd the grapth ofprogram and the program of execlent design and caculation.


: This essay studies the pedagogical approaches employed in the first postgraduate program in environmental humanities in Latin America, the Diplomatura Superior en Humanidades Ambientales en el cruce del Arte y la Tecnología at Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero (UNTREF). The program aims to raise awareness of the socio-environmental crisis using a collective, interdisciplinary, and resilient approach. Drawing from interviews


In order to reveal some cytotoxic features of lidocaine, the effects of lidocaine at sublethal concentrations (10 mM or less) on rat thymocytes were examined by the use of flow-cytometric technique with fluorescent probes. Treatment with lidocaine at 3-10 mM for 1-3 hr significantly increased intracellular Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ concentrations under normal condition. After the removal of external Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ , lidocaine still increased intracellular Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ concentrations, suggesting the lidocaine-induced release of intracellular Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ . Treatment with lidocaine at 0.3-1 mM for 24 hr significantly increased the populations of dead cells and shrunken cells. Lidocaine at sublethal concentrations exerts some cellular actions that are supposed to be linked to the cytotoxicity. The mechanism of lidocaine-induced cell death varies in time- and concentration-dependent manners.


In this paper, we discuss the theories of admissible covers (HarrisMumford) and limit linear series (Eisenbud-Harris), two techniques for using degenerations to study maps between curves. While the theories are superficially very similar, they have certain fundamental differences which we will also explore. 1. Motivational problems We begin by laying out a number of questions on curves which should serve as motivation for the degeneration theories we discuss. Not all the problems mentioned require the use of admissible covers or limit linear series, or even degeneration arguments in general. However, they may all be approached by these methods, typically producing very natural solutions. One fundamental question is the following: Question 1.1. What kinds of maps exist from curves to other curves? To projective spaces? The first part of the question leads naturally to the theory of branched covers of curves, while the second leads to the theory of linear series. In the case of maps to the projective line, both theories apply and the interplay between them is often fruitful, particularly in positive characteristic, where even basic questions remain open [12], [11], [9]. The fundamental distinction in this context is that the theory of branched covers treats prescribed branching on the target, while the theory of linear series deals with ramification on the source. However, we will see that the techniques and results of both have a number of important distinctions. First, we discuss some of the more specific directions in which one can take Question 1.1. One could make the question more precise by, for instance, fixing the target curve and the branch behavior of a map, and asking if there is a source curve giving such a map; this is closely tied to the theory of fundamental groups [1]. Or, one could fix the dimension of the projective space and the degree of a prospective map 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 14H30.


Adhesion between cells of E. coli and pyrophyllite or kaolinite was studied quantitatively with the Coulter Counter. Cells adhered rapidly to a clay particle and formed a cell-clay complex. Cell-clay complexes were stable on the acid side and unstable on the alkaline side in the case of the clays homoionic to Na+ (BC complex of type I). Clays treated with Cu2+, Co2+ or Fe3+ adhered more cells than clays homoionic to Na+, and the complex was stable on the alkaline side and unstable on the acid side (BC complex of type II). Furthermore, the cell-clay complexes adhered to each other or to other clay particles and formed cell-clay aggregates at a much slower rate.


The control of miscibility for isotactic polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) has been attempted by adding poly(ethylene-comethacrylic acid) (EMA) ionomers and by applying dynamic vulcanization. The rheological properties, crystallization behavior, and morphology of the dynamically vulcanized EPDM/PP/ionomer ternary blends were investigated with a Rheometrics dynamic spectrometer (RDS), a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Two kinds of EMA ionomers neutralized with different metal ions (Na + and ZN ++ ) were investigated. Blends were prepared on a laboratory internal mixer at 190°C. Blending and curing were performed simultaneously, i.e., EPDM was vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) in the presence of PP/ionomer. The composition of PP and EPDM was fixed at 50/50 by wt% and the contents of EMA ionomer were varied from 5 to 20 parts based on the total amount of PP and EPDM. It was found that the addition of ionomers and the application of the dynamic vulcanization were effective in enhancing the miscibility of PP and EPDM. The structure of the blends was controlled by the following three component phases, i.e., the phase of the dynamically vulcanized EPDM, PP, and Zn-neutralized ionomer. The ternary blends showed more miscibility than the PP/EPDM binary blend. This is due to the thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of the ternary blends. The structure and properties of the ternary blends differed, depending on the types and contents of ionomer, i.e., the ternary blend containing Na-neutralized ionomer did not show a thermoplastic IPN structure clearly, even though the blend was prepared by dynamic vulcanization. The ternary blend containing Zn-neutralized ionomer clearly showed the behavior of a thermoplastic IPN when the contents of ionomer and DCP were 15 parts and 1.0 part, respectively.


In aquaculture production systems, the hatchery phase is the most challenging as larvae are prone to infections and disease from microbial agents causing mass mortalities. A holistic microbial management regime concept is developed with the hatchery managed as a set of compartments: (1) the water column (planktonic); (2) surfaces (biofilm); (3) the larvae themselves; and (4) feeds (live and formulated). Emphasis on the use of the microbial community as a whole to maintain larvae in high health with various prophylactic strategies is discussed. A range of treatment strategies are considered, including antibiotics, bacteriophage therapy, quorum sensing inhibition and microbial predation. Developing innovations and future trends in microbial management and biocontrol are outlined.


This article deals with repatriation. It is now generally agreed that repatriation should be considered the best of the durable solutions to refugee problems, if, of course, it is a feasible option. In view of the strength of the bond between a refugee and his country of origin, promotion of repatriation would seem to be advisable, unless it is clear that the returnee would face serious problems upon his return. Anyone who has a well-founded fear of being persecuted should, of course, be considered a genuine refugee, and it would be quite wrong to put any pressure on such a person to return to a country which he fled for legitimate reasons. The same would be true for the displaced person who left his country owing to man-made or natural disasters. In general, the stay abroad of refugees and displaced persons is not necessarily unlimited and due attention should therefore be paid to fundamental changes in the circumstances in the country of origin, and even to relevant acts of the person concerned.


Objective To investigate the value of new Japanese severity score in the assessment of severity and risk of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods The clinical data of patients with SAP were retrospectively analysed.New JSS was employed to predict the outcomes,prevalence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) and prevalence of transfer operation,and the results were compared with findings from acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ) score,Ranson score and Balthazar computed tomography severity index(CTSI) score.Results The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUCROC) were 0.88,0.91 and 0.74 respectively(P0.01),the values of sensitivity were 100%,95.50% and 97.10% respectively,and the values of specificity were 69.60%,75.80% and 46.90% respectively for new JSS in assessment of outcomes,prevalence of MODS and prevalence of transfer operation in patients with SAP.New JSS worked better than the other scoring systems in prediction of outcomes and prevalence of MODS in patients with SAP.In addition,new JSS could be used to assess the times of transfer operation,and the scores increased with the times of operation(P0.05).Conclusion New JSS performs better in assessment of outcomes,prevalence of MODS and times of operation in patients with SAP.However,the outcomes and severity of SAP can not be evaluated with just one scoring system.


The main purpose of this study is to fit catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data about Korea chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) stock with a state-space production (SSP) model, and to provide stock assessment results. We chose a surplus production model for the chub mackerel data, namely annual yield and CPUE. Then we employed a state-space layer for a production model to consider two sources of variability arising from unmodelled factors (process error) and noise in the data (observation error). We implemented the model via script software ADMB-RE because it reduces the computational cost of high-dimensional integration and provides Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling, which is required for Bayesian approaches. To stabilize the numerical optimization, we considered prior distributions for model parameters. Applying the SSP model to data collected from commercial fisheries from 1999 to 2017, we estimated model parameters and management references, as well as uncertainties for the estimates. We also applied various production models and showed parameter estimates and goodness of fit statistics to compare the model performance. This study presents two significant findings. First, we concluded that the stock has been overexploited in terms of harvest rate from 1999 to 2017. Second, we suggest a SSP model for the smallest goodness of fit statistics among several production models, especially for fitting CPUE data with fluctuations.


An interesting interference in the adoption of the generic name Rileya has recently taken place between Mr.Ashmead and myself, and as I am of the opinion that this name should apply to the genus of Encyrtinæ defined by myself, rather than to the genus of Eurytominæ defined by Mr. Ashmead, I state in this note the circumstances of the interference, and print in full the paper in which my description occurred.


Based on Daye's doctoral dissertation in religious studies at Concordia University, the book focuses on political forgiveness, or what Daye alternatively calls "deep reconciliation," which was pioneered by South Africa through its Truth and Reconciliation Commission.[2] He argues that such political forgiveness is desperately needed in diverse places such as Northern Ireland and Israel. Daye chooses to develop his argument, however, primarily by citing the theorists who preceded him. He cites the dialogue between Jean Hampton and Jeffrie Murphy in Forgiveness and Mercy on interpersonal forgiveness.[3] He discusses Everett Worthington's fivestep model, highlighting the importance of empathy for the perpetrator as a vital step towards forgiveness.[4] He then moves on to those who have analyzed political forgiveness, or forgiveness between groups, beginning with Hannah Arendt and proceeding to contemporary Protestant theologians such as Donald W. Shriver and Miroslav Volf.[5] Daye describes Shriver's four-step process of political forgiveness, which begins with memory and a moral judgment of a wrong committed, the abandonment of vengeance, empathy for the enemy, and ends with peaceful co-existence.


Abstract Especially at low temperatures, the decomposition of austenite in plain chromium steel results in a periodic structure consisting of walls of carbide embedded in a ferrite matrix, with the walls parallel to the ferrite/austenite interface. It has been shown that this periodic eutectoid structure forms through the growth of steps at the interface in a direction parallel to it. The mechanism is assumed to be a general one in phase transformations in various alloys.


We present a solution for a circular thin plate of shallow draft on water of finite depth subject to linear wave forcing of a single frequency. The solution, which is given in a closed form, is based on decomposing the solution into angular eigenfunctions. The coefficients in the expansion are then found by matching the potential and its derivative at the plate edge and imposing the free edge conditions for the plate. The matching is accomplished by taking the inner product with respect to the vertical eigenfunctions for the free surface. The equations that are derived are transformed so that the final system of equations involves only the unknowns under the plate. Solutions are presented and compared to the results of Meylan (2002), who presented a solution for a plate of arbitrary geometry.


A compact modified N-way Wilkinson power divider with complex isolation units is presented in this paper, where the complex isolation units are bridged between output ports. Through analyzing the equivalent circuit, the design equations of the proposed N-way power divider are summarized in detail. Several design examples are also given and compared. Finally, a three-way power divider ($N=31$) is fabricated for proving the proposed theory, and the measured results meet the simulation results very well.


SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTWe study a firm whose profit depends on a random disturbance, modeled by a continuous-time stochastic process, which is the sum of a trendless diffusion and a trend-corrected jump process. A production factor may be quickly adjusted at each instant of time, incurring an adjustment cost. The problem is to choose a strategy for investment in this factor to maximize the expected present value of the profit flow. We derive the expected dynamics of investment rate, and show that if marginal adjustment cost is convex, then profit uncertainty lowers the expected rate of change of investment. Our results generalize those of Pindyck (1982), who treated the case where the disturbance process is pure diffusion. We also derive an equation for the optimal investment rate itself in a special case, which generalizes an equation of Abel (1983).


Abstract Hot deformation behavior of the SP-700 alloy is studied through continuous and interrupted hot torsion testing carried out at 850 and 1 000 °C at different pass-strains and inter-pass times. The flow curves of SP-700 alloy showed the discontinuous yield stress, which is followed by the steady state region. The dominant mechanism of softening in hot deformation at 1 000 °C was dynamic recrystallization (DRX), whereas at 850 °C serration and tanglement of the grain boundaries were observed. Nevertheless, the microstructure of the sample twisted at 850 °C indicated the occurrence of DRX and the formation of fine grains in the vicinity of grain boundaries and triple points by the bulging mechanism. With an increase in the pass-strain of interrupted torsion at 1 000 °C, due to the increase in driving force for nucleation and growth of new grains, the kinetics of static restoration increased. However, due to the completion of DRX, the kinetics rate of static restoration at steady state strain (∊s) was lower than that of the former state. The β → α phase transformation at 850 °C was found to be another factor contributing in fractional softening.


Objective To investigate the role of NF-κB,iNOS and COX-2 in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomypathy.Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group(n=30) and diabetic group(n=30).The pathological changes in the myocardial tissue of diabetic rats were observed at 1 months,3 months and 6 months respectively.The activity of NF-κB,iNOS and COX-2 was examined by immunohistochemistry.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA) was used to measure the activity of NF-κB.Results Compared with control group,the expression of NF-κB,iNOS and COX-2 increased in myocardial tissue of diabetic group(P0.01).Histopathology displayed severe interstitial fibrosis,coagulation necrosis in the myocardial tissue of diabetic group.Conclusions NF-κB,iNOS and COX-2 remain activated for the duration when the cardiopathology is developing.They may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.


The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Munich, Germany, conducted a cooperative experiment involving the release and study of a barium cloud at 31,500 km altitude near the equatorial plane. The release was made near local magnetic midnight on September 21, 1971. The MPE-built spacecraft contained a canister of 16 kg of Ba CuO mixture, a two-axis magnetometer, and other payload instrumentation. It was launched from the NASA, Wallops Island, facilities into a probe trajectory by a four-stage NASA Scout rocket. The objectives of the experiment were to investigate the interaction of the ionized barium cloud with the ambient medium and to deduce the properties of electric fields in the proximity of the release. Optical observation sites were established in North and South America to provide long base line triangulation data to map the evolution, growth, and motions of the cloud. In addition, various geophysical parameters were monitored by supplementary experiments near the base of the field line at Great Whale Geophysical Station, Canada, and Byrd Station, Antarctica. An overview of the project is given to briefly summarize the organization, responsibilities, objectives, instrumentation, and operational aspects of the project. Experimental results are presented in the companion papers.


Clusia nubium from southwestern Ecuador is described as a species new to science. It grows as a hemiepiphyte in lower montane cloud forest. The species belongs to Clusia sect. Retinostemon , a largely Andean group characterized by male flowers with a resin-secreting synandrium of completely fused stamens and sometimes also anthers and staminodes. It differs from all other species in that section by the combination of creamy-white petals; male flowers with a dome-shaped synandrium with numerous fused stamens surrounding a group of resin secreting staminodia; and large fruits with 9–15 peltate stigmata forming a ring.


Subgrid‐scale cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) heterogeneity is not represented in global climate models (GCM) and potentially contributes systematic errors to simulated cloud effects. High‐resolution WRF‐Chem model simulations were performed to investigate the impact of assuming a uniform CCN distribution on cloud properties and surface radiation over a region the size of a GCM grid column. Results indicate that a prescribed CCN distribution allowing for vertical and temporal fluctuations does substantially better in simulating cloud properties and radiative effects than does a prescribed uniform and constant CCN distribution. Spatially and temporally averaged net effects on downwelling shortwave radiation are between −3 and −11 W m−2 for the fluctuating and uniform distributions, respectively, versus a control simulation with fully interactive aerosols. Both prescribed CCN distributions produce optically thicker clouds more often than the control, with the mean cloud optical depth increasing by over 25% when using the uniform and constant CCN distribution.