The article describes some characteristics of courtroom discourse participants, namely institutional status of a person and its correlations with other statuses in the courtroom communicative space, modality of communicative acts and speech formula, which belong to the courtroom discourse. The social status of a person, as the basic concept in sociology and sociolinguistics, was described by Weber, Parsons, Abrahamson, Bernstein, Harms. In this article, it has been analyzed from the point of view of pragmalinguistics as it is understood by Solan, Karasik, Eades, Wagner, Cheng. The pragmalinguistic approach to the study of the status of a person participating in court proceedings aims to reveal the situational characteristics of equality or inequality relations in courtroom. Status positions of courtroom discourse participants find reflections in certain participant types and communicative trajectories in communicative space, speech act types and their combinations, norms of verbal and non-verbal behavior and rules of communication, speech etiquette conventions, speech acts modality, communicative roles, reaction to role performance, interactional discrimination. Keywords—courtroom discourse, status-marked communication, speech etiquette conventions, communicative role, preventive acts, coordination (harmonization) acts.


ABSTRACT In this paper, a general class of estimators for estimating the finite population variance in successive sampling on two occasions using multi-auxiliary variables has been proposed. The expression of variance has also been derived. Further, it has been shown that the proposed general class of estimators is more efficient than the usual variance estimator and the class of variance estimators proposed by Singh et al. (2011) when we used more than one auxiliary variable. In addition, we support this with the aid of numerical illustration.


Beat phenomenon is an important concern in the reduced dc-link capacitance motor drive system. In previous research works, the topic is mainly concentrated on the beat phenomenon caused by the interaction of the fluctuated dc-link voltage and the motor phase voltage. In this paper, another form of the beat phenomenon generated by the fluctuated dc-link voltage and the severely fluctuated load torque is investigated. The effect of the beat phenomenon on the grid current and the motor speed is analyzed, which fluctuate with the low-frequency oscillation. In order to improve the drive system performance, a power balancing controller is proposed to suppress the grid current fluctuation, and a resonant controller is utilized to regulate the periodic power signals. Meanwhile, the applied fluctuated torque suppression method could improve the performance of the motor speed, which is only sensitive to the frequency of the fluctuated load torque. Experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


We study the evolution of partial evaluators over the past fifteen years from a particular perspective: The attempt to prevent structural bounds in the original programs from imposing limits on the structure of residual programs. It will often be the case that a language allows unbounded numbers or sizes of particular features, but each program (being finite) will only have a finite number or size of these features. If the residual programs cannot overcome the bounds given in the original program, that can be seen as a weakness in the partial evaluator, as it potentially limits the effectiveness of residual programs. We show how historical developments in partial evaluators have removed inherited limits, and suggest how this principle cem be used as a guideline for further development.


Several theories, including disposition-based theories, depend on moral judgments about narrative characters' actions to describe how audiences understand characters in media narratives. However, more needs to be known about how moral judgments about characters' actions are made and affective dispositions toward characters are formed and change as a story unfolds. There is evidence that the intentionality underlying a character's actions is an important judgment that audiences use to understand a character's actions. We propose two sequences: a rationalist sequence in which perceived intentionality of a character's actions informs moral judgments and affective dispositions, and an intuitionist sequence in which affective dispositions are determined first and moral and intentionality judgments are made congruent with that judgment. Implications for narrative theories are discussed.


This study offers two important advances on the traditional LUE model. One is the integration of carbon and water vapor fluxes in a single model, and this combined approach could be very useful. The second is the parameterization of a variable LUE based on chlorophyll content. The paper demonstrates the benefit of a variable LUE over that of an assumed fixed LUE. The study is well-grounded in a history of similar modeling with the TSEB approach, and takes advantage of a good dataset from the Mead site. The work appears sound and the paper is generally well-written.


As XUAR international tourism industry is improving gradually, we should see there are still serious problems in its industrial structure performance. With shift-share method, Pearson Correlation method and Principal component method, based on data of XUAR international tourism foreign exchange incomes from 2006 to 2015, this paper empirically analyzes each sector of XUAR international tourism and its industrial structure performance, as well as problems in sectors of transportation, sightseeing, accommodation, cater, commodity sales and entertainment. Meanwhile this paper also puts forward solutions to increase the benefit of XUAR international tourism industry.


With shortage of water becoming a major concern in many areas, use of recycled water is a necessity for a growing number of municipalities. This paper describes a case study in which two alternatives were considered for upgrading an existing wastewater treatment plant with the goal of producing recycled water. The first alternative consisted of conventional secondary and tertiary unit processes while the second alternative included the advanced treatment technology of membrane bioreactor (MBR). Also, two alternatives were evaluated for disinfection of recycled water; chlorine gas and UV system. The more advanced treatment technologies (MBR+UV), which produce the higher quality recycled water, resulted in higher cost. The paper discusses the design and project execution approaches as how the more expensive advanced treatment processes were made cost competitive with the conventional treatment processes. In recent years, there has been increasing attention among local and state agencies towards sustainability, including the recycling of treated wastewater. This attention has further increased in the last few years due to widespread, protracted drought conditions that have highlighted the limited water resources available to sustain current conditions and continued growth. The advancements in wastewater treatment technologies have enabled us to provide high levels of treatment to expand the opportunities for recycled water use to a wide variety of applications in agriculture, industries, and other uses. This, in turn, reduces the dependence of municipalities on potable water. This high level of treatment, however, comes at a cost. To decrease the concentrations of contaminants to a degree considered safe, and in many cases to lower the salt content to make the water more acceptable for irrigation usages, additional unit processes need to be incorporated into the treatment train. The cost of treatment is further increased when new, advanced treatment technologies such as membranes and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection are used. This brings a new challenge to the municipalities as they balance the added cost of producing a high quality water and the value that the water provides to the community. In many cases, the higher quality of recycled water needed in some applications is a strong driving force behind the final decision. This paper describes a case study in which two alternatives were considered for upgrading an existing wastewater treatment plant; the first alternative included conventional secondary and tertiary unit processes while the second alternative converted the facility to a membrane bioreactor (MBR) facility. In addition, two alternatives were evaluated for disinfection of the recycled water: chlorine gas and UV. This paper discusses the design and project execution approaches as to how to make the more expensive new advanced treatment processes competitive and attractive compared to the conventional treatment processes. This would allow the municipality to turn a previously discarded resource into a valuable asset. Abstract


Truck traffic has significant impact on traffic operations and safety. Especially, safety concerns due to truck traffic continue to draw increasing attention of transportation engineers and policy makers who are proposing a number of practical strategies such as lane restrictions and exclusive facilities. The key aspect of all these strategies lies in separating trucks from cars to create more homogeneous traffic conditions. Earlier research demonstrated merits of these strategies whereas very limited findings on their safety impacts have been reported so far. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of truck-auto separation on highway crash severity. Specifically, the safety impact of separation through dual-dual roadways, a system that simultaneously provide separated car-only lanes and mixed traffic flow lanes, is of great interest since this kind of system was barely studied in the past. In order to achieve this goal, a detailed crash data set from a major highway section with dual-dual roadways for several years was examined. Comparative analyses were conducted and a statistical model have been developed. The results of this study show that the deployment of the dual-dual roadways with car-only lanes has statistically significant impact on crash severity. The model results show higher risk of having injury crashes in dual- dual lanes (both inner and outer lanes) compared with regular mix traffic lanes. This finding suggests that other than considering crash frequency as a measure of safety, crash severity should also be considered to fully assess the performance of the truck-auto separation strategies similar to the one studied in this paper. However, other than the impact of the truck-auto separation, these findings can be (partially) changed due to other factors that are not accounted for by the model, such as the actual operational speed when crash occurred, trucks being loaded or empty, etc. In short, due to the unavailability of detailed data, current results need to be considered with great care and should be considered preliminary at best. More research with better and more detailed data is needed to be able to make any final conclusion and recommendation.


Standard lengths of cyprinids at several sites in the River Great Ouse, England, were compared between catches taken using a conventional 15 × 3 m micromesh seine (pore diameter 2 mm) and using point sampling by electrofishing (PSE). No statistically significant differences in sites were found in six out of 10 trials. In nine out of 10 trials, the difference between the mean lengths differed by <1 mm. No serial bias was found between PSE and seine netting for cyprinid fishes between 14 and 100 mm SL, although variation between size classes was high, owing to small sample sizes. The coefficient of variation in fish length with size tended to increase with the age of 0+Rutilus rutilus. The relationship between sample size (n) and variance (s2) was explained by s2=13·9 n−1·24. Sampling more than 30 fish resulted in little increase in precision. The relationship between the mean catch per site (x) and the variance of the mean estimate was log s2=1·6039 log x+0·973. The number of samples required to estimate density within a given variance range was: n=9·33 x1·6–2CVx−2. Given the high variance-mean ratio, great care should be taken when interpreting density data collected using PSE, and 50 point samples is the minimum required for density estimation.


This paper presents a simple multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) hybrid system for wireless channels trying to achieve near optimal values of diversity-multiplexing tradeoff. The hybrid systems studied combine well known space time codes and full multiplexing schemes. A decoding procedure for the hybrid systems using linear combinatorial nulling and symbol cancellation is also presented. Through computer simulation upon different digital modulation constellations, the error performance and spectral efficiency of the hybrid systems are compared to the diversity-only and multiplexing-only schemes.


The International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP) was held at Academia Sinica in Taipei from 18–22 October 2010. CHEP is a major series of international conferences for physicists and computing professionals from the worldwide High Energy and Nuclear Physics community, Computer Science, and Information Technology. The CHEP conference provides an international forum to exchange information on computing progress and needs for the community, and to review recent, ongoing and future activities. CHEP conferences are held at roughly 18 month intervals, alternating between Europe, Asia, America and other parts of the world. Recent CHEP conferences have been held in Prauge, Czech Republic (2009); Victoria, Canada (2007); Mumbai, India (2006); Interlaken, Switzerland (2004); San Diego, California(2003); Beijing, China (2001); Padova, Italy (2000) CHEP 2010 was organized by Academia Sinica Grid Computing Centre. There was an International Advisory Committee (IAC) setting the overall themes of the conference, a Programme Committee (PC) responsible for the content, as well as Conference Secretariat responsible for the conference infrastructure. There were over 500 attendees with a program that included plenary sessions of invited speakers, a number of parallel sessions comprising around 260 oral and 200 poster presentations, and industrial exhibitions. We thank all the presenters, for the excellent scientific content of their contributions to the conference. Conference tracks covered topics on Online Computing, Event Processing, Software Engineering, Data Stores, and Databases, Distributed Processing and Analysis, Computing Fabrics and Networking Technologies, Grid and Cloud Middleware, and Collaborative Tools. The conference included excursions to various attractions in Northern Taiwan, including Sanhsia Tsu Shih Temple, Yingko, Chiufen Village, the Northeast Coast National Scenic Area, Keelung, Yehliu Geopark, and Wulai Aboriginal Village, as well as two banquets held at the Grand Hotel and Grand Formosa Regent in Taipei. The next CHEP conference will be held in New York, the United States on 21–25 May 2012. We would like to thank the National Science Council of Taiwan, the EU ACEOLE project, commercial sponsors, and the International Advisory Committee and the Programme Committee members for all their support and help. Special thanks to the Programme Committee members for their careful choice of conference contributions and enormous effort in reviewing and editing about 340 post conference proceedings papers. Simon C Lin CHEP 2010 Conference Chair and Proceedings Editor Taipei, Taiwan November 2011 Track Editors/ Programme Committee Chair Simon C Lin, Academia Sinica, Taiwan Online Computing Track Y H Chang, National Central University, Taiwan Harry Cheung, Fermilab, USA Niko Neufeld, CERN, Switzerland Event Processing Track Fabio Cossutti, INFN Trieste, Italy Oliver Gutsche, Fermilab, USA Ryosuke Itoh, KEK, Japan Software Engineering, Data Stores, and Databases Track Marco Cattaneo, CERN, Switzerland Gang Chen, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Stefan Roiser, CERN, Switzerland Distributed Processing and Analysis Track Kai-Feng Chen, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Ulrik Egede, Imperial College London, UK Ian Fisk, Fermilab, USA Fons Rademakers, CERN, Switzerland Torre Wenaus, BNL, USA Computing Fabrics and Networking Technologies Track Harvey Newman, Caltech, USA Bernd Panzer-Steindel, CERN, Switzerland Antonio Wong, BNL, USA Ian Fisk, Fermilab, USA Niko Neufeld, CERN, Switzerland Grid and Cloud Middleware Track Alberto Di Meglio, CERN, Switzerland Markus Schulz, CERN, Switzerland Collaborative Tools Track Joao Correia Fernandes, CERN, Switzerland Philippe Galvez, Caltech, USA Milos Lokajicek, FZU Prague, Czech Republic International Advisory Committee Chair: Simon C. Lin , Academia Sinica, Taiwan Members: Mohammad Al-Turany , FAIR, Germany Sunanda Banerjee, Fermilab, USA Dario Barberis, CERN & Genoa University/INFN, Switzerland Lothar Bauerdick, Fermilab, USA Ian Bird, CERN, Switzerland Amber Boehnlein, US Department of Energy, USA Kors Bos, CERN, Switzerland Federico Carminati, CERN, Switzerland Philippe Charpentier, CERN, Switzerland Gang Chen, Institute of High Energy Physics, China Peter Clarke, University of Edinburgh, UK Michael Ernst, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA David Foster, CERN, Switzerland Merino Gonzalo, CIEMAT, Spain John Gordon, STFC-RAL, UK Volker Guelzow, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany John Harvey, CERN, Switzerland Frederic Hemmer, CERN, Switzerland Hafeez Hoorani, NCP, Pakistan Viatcheslav Ilyin, Moscow State University, Russia Matthias Kasemann, DESY, Germany Nobuhiko Katayama, KEK, Japan Milos Lokajícek, FZU Prague, Czech Republic David Malon, ANL, USA Pere Mato Vila, CERN, Switzerland Mirco Mazzucato, INFN CNAF, Italy Richard Mount, SLAC, USA Harvey Newman, Caltech, USA Mitsuaki Nozaki, KEK, Japan Farid Ould-Saada, University of Oslo, Norway Ruth Pordes, Fermilab, USA Hiroshi Sakamoto, The University of Tokyo, Japan Alberto Santoro, UERJ, Brazil Jim Shank, Boston University, USA Alan Silverman, CERN, Switzerland Randy Sobie , University of Victoria, Canada Dongchul Son, Kyungpook National University, South Korea Reda Tafirout , TRIUMF, Canada Victoria White, Fermilab, USA Guy Wormser, LAL, France Frank Wuerthwein, UCSD, USA Charles Young, SLAC, USA


The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the formation of the appearance of objects, taking into account the technological process, the identification of fixed assets and methods of creating the spatial-spatial composition of buildings within the existing city development. These are: the Nestle plant in Mexico, the Fagus factory, the construction of the Leeds incinerator, etc. Industrial architecture is an integral part of society. The presence and functioning of industrial enterprises characterizes the economic and political independence of the state. Industrial areas are usually large in area. and environmental friendliness. It is extremely important for modern industrial design to take into account the energy efficiency of a building, as industrial buildings are directly related to the consumption of natural resources, most of which are exhausted. in the design and reconstruction of industrial facilities nowadays, in addition to taking into account the technological process, it is extremely important to pay attention to the exterior and interior decoration of buildings. This not only affects the aesthetic component of human perception, but also promotes the productivity of workers. Many industrial structures are included in the social and cultural life of the city, combining several additional functions, in addition to the main (industrial). The development of industrial architecture is closely linked to the development of facing materials, which are often used aluminum. But in the construction of industrial buildings can be used and other materials that allow you to create many color schemes. All factors determine the need to create an aesthetic environment that meets the needs of society.


Regional economic development includes the synthetical development of economics,politics and culture.The humanism idea of regional economic development shows that humanism restricts instrumental rationality and their concerted development.In the humanism mode of regional economic development,the humanism mainly embodies macro-economic regulation of system and policy,appraising system of economics and the subject of economic development.Its basic nature is to formulate and appraise regional economic development relating to the economic,politic and cultural nature of human or human nature.


A thrombus-targeted ultrasound contrast agent bound with tirofiban — a glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonist that can specifically bind to activated platelets in the thrombus — was designed to enhance both the image contrast and thrombolysis effect. In this study, we used 76 canine thrombi for investigation. The targeting ability to thrombi was confirmed by microphotography and high-frequency ultrasound (40 MHz) imaging. The effect of the targeted microbubbles on thrombolysis enhancement was investigated using an in vitro flow system: targeted and nontargeted microbubbles flowed through the clot for 30 seconds with a washing step; the microbubbles remained on the clot that were then cavitated by ultrasound (frequency = 1 MHz, MI = 1.2). The extent of thrombolysis was evaluated by weight reduction and histology analysis. The targeted microbubbles reduced the weight of thrombi by a factor of 1.7 times that of the nontargeted microbubbles. (clot weight reduction: 23.1 ± 5.3% versus 13.6 ± 4.9%, p < 0.01 between targeted and nontargeted group), and the signal enhancement was 3.34 ± 0.30 dB (mean ± SD, p < 0.01 compared to control). We conclude that targeted microbubbles are applicable not only for molecular imaging of thrombi but also for improving the effectiveness of ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis.


In a society marked by rapid demographic ageing and constant technological advances, investing in studies that promote communication and lessen social isolation is justified. This study aims to present the main difficulties seniors face using Information and Communications Technology (ICT), particularly computers; writing and formatting text, accessing the Internet to browse and do research; and using asynchronous and synchronous communication services like email and instant messaging. For conducting this study, partnerships were established with four Private Institutions for Social Solidarity in the municipality of Aveiro, within the scope of the SEDUCE project. The tools used for data collection were two questionnaire surveys and a field journal. The study included the participation of 22 seniors who used ICTs twice a week, in a total of 80 sessions of 90 minutes each. The results suggest that, although seniors experience countless and various difficulties, they are motivated, interested and determined to make the effort of integrating this activity into their daily life.


The invention to be used in the preparation of the naphthyridine carboxylic acid derivatives having antibacterial activity relates to chemical intermediates and a method of manufacturing of the formula (I). Naphthyridine carboxylic acid derivatives, antimicrobial activity, 4-aminomethyl-3-methoxy toksiyi diamino-pyrrolidin pyridinium di methanesulfonate


This paper presents the IDE4L project reference grid model developed to perform real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulations. The simulations will be carried out to study distribution network dynamics and to evaluate the techniques developed in IDE4L project for TSO/DSO interactions. Performance of the grid model is shown by sample simulation results.


This thesis aims to give a holistic description of logistics service providers' environmental management, which has been lacking in literature. The aim is also to analyse how the logistics service ...


In 1996, the VTI executed a commission for the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency to investigate the requirements for assessing the emissions of carcinogenic pollutants from traffic. The main purpose was to enable follow-up of the environmental goals set by the Swedish Parliament. With the Swedish National Road Administration as principal, the VTI has now developed a program (the TCT-model) for quantifying emissions of carcinogens in urban areas. The model includes the substances benzene, ethene, propene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, acetic aldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzo(alpha)pyrene and particles. Background data describing the present situation, as well as the past and future time perspectives, concerning the vehicle fleet, fuels, vehicle mileage and driving patterns, available in the EMV model, were utilised for the TCT program. The EMV model is a regional and national calculation tool for energy consumption and regulated emissions from road traffic. Emission data on carcinogenic pollutants were gathered from a documentary search covering Roadline (VTIs transport database); IRRD (OECDs road transport program) and SAE Mobility (Society of Automotive Engineers Inc.). Using data from some fifty sources, warm emission factors and cold start emissions for different types of passenger cars, trucks and buses, in all seven vehicle categories, were computed. The model describes the relationship between emission behaviour and fuel composition as well as the influence of high emitters. The literature survey also covered present and possible future marker substances for PAH. To facilitate assessment of the degree of uncertainty impairing the final calculation results, statistical computations of precision and accuracy of the compiled emission factors were performed. (A)


A 12-year-old French Bulldog presented for a mandibulectomy due to a large ameloblas-toma in the left rostral mandibular body. Preoperative pain management consisted of methadone 0.2 mg/kg and a mandibular nerve block with ropivacaine 0.5%. Intraopera-tively, an indwelling perineural catheter was placed through the mandibular canal, with the tip placed in the mandibular foramen for postoperative ropivacaine administration. Ropivacaine 0.2% was administered every 6 hours for the first 36 hours without need of any systemic analgesic administration, providing adequate analgesia and allowing for a rapid recovery. The dog was completely alert and responsive in the immediate post-operative period and started eating 12 hours after surgery without any sign of pain or discomfort. No complications were observed during the postoperative period. The per-ineural catheter was removed after 40 hours and the dog was administered metamizole every 8 hours for analgesia and was discharged 48 hours after surgery.


Mr. HOWARTH replied that at St. Thomas's Hospital it was the custom for these cases to be admitted under a general surgeon, and so this patient had his glands operated upon by one of his colleagues and then he was transferred to him (Mr. Howarth) for operation on the soft palate. He agreed that the glands on both sides should be dissected out, and he would suggest that this be done. He brought the case forward because tumours of the soft palate were of considerable rarity. He proposed to do the operation next morning.


I had the great fortune of listening to Sandy Jeff 's keynote address at the Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Conference on the Gold Coast last year, and have just finished reading her remarkable book Flying with Paper Wings (Jeffs 2009). Both listening to and reading her work gave such a strong insight into Sandy's personal experience of mental illness and the treatment provided by the mental health system. Her experiences are poignant and moving, and offer so much to mental health nursing in its ongoing quest to become a consumerfocused profession. During her keynote, Sandy made a simple but powerful statement: 'Treat the brain; communicate with the mind'. These words resonated with me as a reminder of the humanity that is core to quality mental health nursing practice. Through her speeches and her writings, Sandy articulates her belief that mental illness does exist and has a biological cause. Many mental health nurses would support this view, but many others would disagree. Mental health nursing often celebrates its diversity, and this includes different, often opposing views about whether mental illness actually exists, and if so, whether its causes are biological, social, psychological, or a combination of these and other factors. These differing views are the subject of much debate, and make an important contribution to the strength and robustness of our profession. My main take-home message from Sandy's words was that while views about the existence or causation of mental illness are highly influential in determining service structures and funding models, they should not fundamentally alter the relationship between nurses and consumers. Whether mental illness is biological, social, psychological, or doesn't exist at all, the business of mental health nursing is to work as partners with people diagnosed with a mental illness, to facilitate positive outcomes for each individual journey to recovery. The impact of mental illness or mental distress, rather than the causes, should become the primary focus. Communication is key. Time and time again, findings from research into consumers' experiences of nursing care, and of the mental health system more broadly, highlight communication (along with its inseparable partner respect) as indicators of the quality of care, and ultimately whether the experience is a positive or negative one. The need for effective and respectful communication is not unique to mental health, and indeed should underpin all nursing practice. Undeniably though, it is particularly important for people diagnosed with mental illness who experience such profound discrimination in all aspects of their lives both within and outside the healthcare system. What is important for us is that mental health nursing can and does make a profound difference to consumer experiences. In her book Sandy specifically mentions some wonderful psychiatric nurses who have made such an important impact in her journey to recovery. Sadly, but not surprisingly, she also relays negative experiences. All too often health professionals judged her not only for her diagnosis and associated behaviours, but for her lifestyle and sexual preference. Supporting the biological approach and arguing that physical treatments are all that is required to 'treat the illness' cannot explain this type of response. Whatever the role of the brain is in one's thinking (pardon the pun), mental distress impacts the mind. This has to be acknowledged and addressed. For those who haven't already, I recommend reading Flying with Paper Wings and other accounts of lived experience within the mental health system. Such compelling stories are a constant reminder of the person behind the diagnosis, and the desperate need of each person to feel listened to and understood. Thanks to Sandy and others, whose lived experiences have given so much to our understanding and articulation of our profession.


Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) use for circulatory support in shock is limited by increased left ventricular afterload. Impella and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) can be used in conjunction with VA-ECMO to help unload the left ventricle. Data comparing the two strategies are limited.

 We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data to compare outcomes of patients with shock supported by VA-ECMO in conjunction with Impella versus IABP.

 We conducted a search of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify studies comparing the use of Impella versus IABP in patients on VA-ECMO. The primary outcome of interest was all-cause mortality (in-hospital or 30-day). Secondary outcomes included transition to destination therapy with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or transplant, stroke, need for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), bleeding, and hemolysis. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence interval and the heterogeneity statistic I2 were reported for each outcome.

 Six observational studies with a total of 629 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 205 (33%) and 424 (67%) patients were supported by Impella and IABP respectively, in addition to VA-ECMO. All six studies reported the primary outcome. No difference was observed in all-cause mortality between VA-ECMO with Impella and VA-ECMO with IABP (RR 1.02 [0.74–1.40], I2=74%). Similar rates were observed for transition to LVAD or transplant (RR 0.75 [0.45–1.27], I2=0%), stroke (RR 1.50 [0.80–2.83], I2=0%), and need for CRRT (RR 1.04 [0.82–1.32], I2=0%). However, use of VA-ECMO with Impella was associated with a higher risk of bleeding (RR 1.91 [1.28–2.86], I2=68%) and hemolysis (RR 4.61 [1.24–17.17], I2=66%) as compared with use of VA-ECMO with IABP.

 In patients with shock requiring VA-ECMO, concurrent use of Impella and IABP had similar risk of mortality, transition to LVAD/transplant, stroke, and need for CRRT. However, Impella use was associated with higher risk of bleeding and hemolysis. Randomized trials are needed to identify the optimal strategy for left ventricular unloading in patients with cardiogenic shock on VA-ECMO.

 Type of funding sources: None.


Cyclically repeating patterns are a common feature of mathematical films. The study of the symmetries which arise in such configurations has a theoretical interest to mathematicians watching the film, and it also has a practical interest to the film maker, because the symmetries present in a diagram can often be used to reduce the labour of drawing. It does not seem that these symmetries have been commented on before, and in this article we attempt a complete enumeration of the cases which can arise.


The invention relates to a face image based on the reference image verification system, and methods. The method includes won face image with the smallest front measurements from the identity of the plurality of face images and identity of the representative image, the mapping between the plurality of face images of the acquired representative image and identity and reconstructing a reference image respectively corresponding image determining parameters of the reconstruction network determined through the image reconstruction network having parameters at least two of the input face image based, reconstituted comparing the reference image includes a comparison step of reference images reconstructed to verify whether belonging to the same identity, in which the representative image is the front image, and the front measurements of each face image representing the symmetry and sharpness. According to the method and system can easily reconstruct the reference face image using only 2D information of the face image in the lighting conditions in the arbitrary posture and natural environment. .Field


The plaintiff filed a lawsuit under the Public Information and Media Law, and the High Court of Belgrade and the Court of Appeal have ruled against him. He tried to challenge the judgment of second instance court by filing an appeal on the points of law. The Supreme Court of Cassation applied Public Information and Media Law that was in force at the time of publication of disputed information instead of the Law that was in force when the second instance judgment was passed and dismissed the appeal on the points of law. This decision has been quashed by the Constitutional Court, because it violated the plaintiff's right to fair trial. In its ruling the Constitutional Court explicitly stated that admissibility of appeal on the points of law has to be determined in accordance with procedural rules that were in force at the time the second instance judgment was passed.


Theresponsesofquark condensatesto thechem icalpotential,asa function oftem perature T and chem icalpotential (cid:22) ,arecalculated within theN am bu{Jona-Lasinio (N JL)m odel.W ecom pareour resultswith thosefrom therecentlatticeQ CD sim ulations[Q CD -TA RO Collaboration,N ucl.Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 106 ,462 (2002)]. The N JL m odeland lattice calculations show qualitatively sim ilar behavior, and they willbe com plim entary ways to study hadrons at (cid:12)nite density. The behaviorabove T c requiresm ore elaborated analyses.


Afghanistan is the most vulnerable to climate extremes related hazards, including droughts and floods that have caused huge impact on the socio-economic development of the country. The present study analysed the observed precipitation and temperature trends for seven agro-climatic zones of Afghanistan over the period 1951 to 2006 with Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE). The trend analysis was performed on daily data to test the increasing or decreasing rainfall and temperature trends using Mann-Kendall trend test for each agro-climatic zone of Afghanistan. The annual total precipitation has shown an increasing trend for the zones of South, South-West, East and Central, whereas, a decreasing trend has been observed for North, North-East and West zones of Afghanistan. The trend analysis of the precipitation with gridded data sets reveals for most parts of the Afghanistan, the rainfall has been observed to be decreasing. Whereas, an increasing trend of temperatures were observed for all seven agro-climatic zones of Afghanistan.


We characterize the molecular reorientational dynamics in two phases of solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ with $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ NMR measurements. A change in the nature of the dynamics, indicated by a change in kinetic parameters extracted from spin-lattice relaxation data, occurs at the phase transition at 260 K. Above the transition, the molecules appear to execute continuous rotational diffusion; below the transition, they appear to jump between symmetry-equivalent orientations. This interpretation is consistent with the x-ray-diffraction results of Heiney et al. as well as our NMR relaxation and spectral data.


Recently, the service sector has become one of the most popular sectors in Indonesia. Regarding
to its highly contribution in the economy sector, the service delivery sistem should have been
increased. However it is not an easy task to do, since the service delivery sistem is sensitive to
some failures. There are two failures often occur in the sistem, first is occurred when the
employees in the publik sector could not understand the goal of its service. Second is occurred
when the employees in the publik sector failed in implementing the goal into actions. Therefore
the following paper would discuss some factors affecting the service delivery sistem in the
service sector. Furthermore, there would be some suggestions in order to increase the sistem
itself through an organization in order in facing the environment that changes rapidly.


We compared the patterns of movement of sex chromosomal and autosomal loci along a 160 km transect across a zone of hybridization between M. domesticus and M. musculus in southern Germany and western Austria using seven genetic markers. These included one Y‐specific DNA sequence (YB10), two X‐specific loci (DXWas68 and DXWas31), and four autosomal isozyme loci (Es‐10, Es‐1, Mpi‐1, and Np‐1). Random effects logistic regression analysis enabled us to examine the relationship between M. domesticus allele frequency and geographic distance from the western edge of the hybrid zone and allowed statistical evaluation of differences in cline midpoint and width among loci. More limited movement was observed for all three sex chromosomal markers across the zone compared with three of the four autosomal markers. If differential movement reflects fitness differences of specific alleles (or alleles at closely linked loci) on a hybrid background, then alleles that move to a limited extent across a hybrid zone may contribute to hybrid breakdown between two species. The limited flow of both X‐ and Y‐specific alleles suggest that sex chromosomes have played an important role in Mus speciation.


Observations for a number of cross-sectional units over time have become increasingly available. The new data sources enable econometricians to construct and test more complicated behavioral models than a single cross sectional or time series data set would allow. The availability of new data sources, however, also raises new issues. In this paper we review some basic econo- metric methods that have been used to analyze such data sets. We also indicate areas of research where panel data may be useful.


Accounting Information Systems (AISs) are fundamental for the recording of the accounting transactions of any company and for the preparation of financial statements, as required by the legislation on financial accounting. However, information systems are not only limited to accounting for the management of a company, but it is often necessary to implement additional information systems to manage other operational aspects such as inventory management, personnel, security, big data management for marketing and the provision of a broad corporate strategy. All these aspects, in general, in order to lead the company towards success, must be integrated with each other. Many software can manage all these aspects of management, but they do not allow integrated management and top management cannot control and reconcile all information. For this reason Enterprise resource plannings (ERPs), formed by different modules, are very common. ERPs allow the flow of information to be managed in an integrated manner using a single system, avoiding duplication, errors and loss and information. All the operations are reported systematically also and above all on the accounting module, which is the one that guides all the others. This research paper is focused on the comparison of currently most used AISs and ERPs in the UAE, also analyzing the market and the size of businesses in the area. The research highlighted the opportunities and limitations of the information systems currently available, as well as the characteristics of the companies that determined the dissemination of the programs in use.


Despite the fact that most of the students in Spanish campuses are women, their presence in Computer Science degrees is minimal and their entry rate has been diminishing in recent years. Moreover, this is not an isolated fact and it can be considered as a global phenomenon. Among the causes for the low interest on Computer Science shown by young women, alongside persistent unattractive stereotypes regarding the ICT field, we highlight the unawareness of the ICT profession and the lack of women as ICT models in today's society. For these reasons, the Faculty of Computer Science of the University of A Coruna, in collaboration with other institutions and associations, has organized WikinformaticA. This initiative is based on collaborative learning, the use of simple online tools, and the motivation through the organization of a competition, with the goal of involving secondary schools in the promotion of the Computer Science studies and the role of women in ICT.


A hitting-set generator (HSG) is a polynomial map Gen:F^k → F^n such that for all n-variate polynomials Q of small enough circuit size and degree, if Q is non-zero, then Q ∘ Gen is non-zero. In this paper, we give a new construction of such a HSG assuming that we have an explicit polynomial of sufficient hardness in the sense of approximative or border complexity. Formally, we prove the following result over any characteristic zero field F: Suppose P(z_1,..., z_k) is an explicit k-variate degree d polynomial that is not in the border of circuits of size s. Then, there is an explicit hitting-set generator Gen(P): F^2k → F^n such that every non-zero n-variate degree D polynomial Q(x) in the border of size s′ circuits satisfies Q ≠ 0 ⇒ Q ∘ Gen(P) ≠ 0 provided n^10k d D s'< s. This is the first HSG in the algebraic setting that yields a complete derandomization of polynomial identity testing (PIT) for general circuits from a suitable algebraic hardness assumption. As a direct consequence, we show that even a slightly non-trivial explicit construction of hitting sets for polynomials in the border of constant-variate circuits implies a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for PIT. Let δ > 0 be a constant and k be a large enough constant. Suppose, for every s ≥ k, there is an explicit hitting set of size s^k-δ for all degree s polynomials in the border of k-variate size s algebraic circuits. Then, there is an explicit hitting set of size poly(s) for the border s-variate algebraic circuits of size s and degree s. Unlike the prior constructions of such maps (e.g.[NW94], [KI04], [AGS19], [KST19]), our construction is purely algebraic and does not rely on the notion of combinatorial designs.


Objective To investigate the expression of CD44v6 and ICAM-1 in gastric cancer, and explore their correlation to distant metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods The expression of CD44v6 and ICAM-I in 35 gastric carcinoma tissues and 20 adjacent noncancerous specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry. At the same time, relationship between CD44v6. ICAM-1 and distant metastasis in gastric cancer was explored. Results The positive rates of CD44v6 and ICAM-1 were 62.9% and 68.6%, which were significantly higher than those in noncancerous tissues (P0.05). The expressions of CD44v6, ICAM-I were correlated with distant metastasis, lymphatic metastasis and clinical TNM stage (P0.05 or P0.01). But there was no difference in histological type (P0.05). There was positive correlation between the expression of CD44v6 and ICAM-1 (P0.01). Conclusion CD44v6 overexpression was significantly associated with elevated ICAM-1.Detection of CD44v6 and ICAM-I might play an important role in evaluating distant metastasis of gastric cancer.


FITRI ANGGRAINI. The Influence of Leverage, Profitability, Liquidity and Firm
Size to Hedging Activities at Manufacturing Company Listed in BEI 2014 – 2017.
This study aims to examine the effect of leverage, profitability, liqudity, and
firm size, to hedging activites at manufacturing company listed in bei 2014 – 2017.
This study uses secondary data with the population of all Manufacturing Company
Listed in 2014-2017. In this research, we use purposive sampling method which
overall 148 samples choosen. This study used logistic regression to test the
hypothesis at 5% significance.
From the analysis performed in this research results, it can be concluded
that profitability which is proxied by ROA and firm size which is proxied by LNTA
affect to hedging activities. While leverage which is proxied by DER and liquidity
which is proxied by CR does not affected to hedging activities.
Keywords: Leverage, Profitability, Liquidity, Firm Size, Hedging Activities.


The prevalence of hypothyroidism is much higher among women than in men. Hypothyroidism is also one of the most prevalent thyroid disorders among women of reproductive age. The disease exerts its effect on female sex hormones by manipulating the production of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone that are crucial for the production of estrogen by the ovaries. Various studies demonstrated the adverse effect of overt hypothyroidism on ovulation, menstrual cycle, and fertility. This review surveys the adverse effects of hypothyroidism on fertility and pregnancy. fetal death, and abortion are other consequences of hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Other pregnancy complications associated with hypothyroidism include cretinism, a neurocognitive disorder, preterm delivery, and stillbirth due to undeveloped placenta (51-59). Measurement of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin is for determining the origin


Polycrystalline samples of M3Bi(PO4)3 (M: Ca, Cd, Sr, Pb) are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of CaCO3, Cd(OAc)2, SrCO3, PbO, Bi2O3, and (NH4)2HPO4 (855 °C for 12 h and 950 °C for 12 h for Ca3Bi(PO4)3, 800 °C for 10 h and 980 °C for 12 h for Cd3Bi(PO4)3, 1100 °C for 12 h for Sr3Bi(PO4)3, and 875 °C for 6 h for Pb3Bi(PO4)3).


Planning for the H1N1 epidemic put the focus on a sector of the health service population not routinely considered in critical care – pregnant women. There is however a more 'silent' epidemic that has considerable implications for both general and neonatal intensive care – maternal obesity. Whilst H1N1 is routinely considered to have implications for intensive care resources and staff education, the same level of risk management is not applied to maternal obesity. Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions globally, not least in women of reproductive age with an increasing prevalence of maternal obesity, defined as obesity in pregnancy (National Obesity Observatory, 2010). Nearly 1 in every 1000 women giving birth in the UK is extremely obese [defined as body mass index (BMI) 50 kg/m2 or higher]; these women are known to have poorer outcomes. In a national cohort study, women with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 were estimated to have an increased risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (adjusted odds ratio 3·86, 95% CI 1·41–10·6) as well as pre-eclampsia (adjusted odds ratio 4·46, 95% CI 2·43–8·16) and gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio 7·01, 95% CI 3·56–18·8) (Knight et al., 2010). Further, a study comparing different severities of obesity with non-obese women demonstrated an impact on risk factors such as gestational hypertension (30·9% versus 9·0%, p < 0·001, odds ratio 4·5, 95% CI 4·1–5·00) (Joy et al., 2009). A recent meta-analysis showed a significant relationship between maternal obesity and duration of hospital stay, haemorrhage, infection and infants requiring Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission (Heslehurst et al., 2008). Obesity was also a significant risk factor for maternal morbidity or near miss (odds ratio 3·0, 95% CI 1·7–5·3) in a chart review undertaken in the USA (Goffman et al., 2007) and for maternal morbidity in a larger study undertaken in the UK (adjusted odds ratio 2·73, 95% CI 1·15–6·46) (Kayem et al., 2011). Maternal obesity has also been associated with maternal deaths either directly or indirectly related to pregnancy. In the report 'Saving Mothers Lives' (Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries, 2011) 47% of mothers who died of direct causes, sepsis, pre-eclampsia, thromboembolism, amniotic fluid embolism, haemorrhage and anaesthesia were overweight or obese as were 50% of the women who died from indirect causes such as cardiac disease and other pre-existing medical conditions, for example diabetes and epilepsy. Of those women who die, some die post birth and others before; in antenatal patients therefore there will be two patients, the mother and the foetus. The consequence of this may be an increased risk of foetal compromise in utero or neonatal death shortly after birth with foetal wellbeing linked to maternal health: when the mother's condition is stable so is the foetus. The outcome of the foetus of a critically ill mother has been reported in descriptive studies (SeloOjeme et al., 2005). A detailed retrospective cohort study concluded that for pregnant women who receive critical care there is a significant effect on foetal and neonatal outcome ranging from foetal loss, neonatal death to complications associated with prematurity (Cartin-Ceba et al., 2008). The care and treatment of critically ill pregnant and post-birth women presents complex issues to the critical care team owing to the physiological adaptations of the maternal and foetal physiology associated with pregnancy which are compounded in the obese pregnant/post-birth women. For example, the usual physiological changes in pregnancy, such as an increase in cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume and circulating blood volume are all further increased with obesity (Roofthooft, 2009). Furthermore, obesity research has shown that there is an association with increased peripheral resistance, chronic hypertension, increased blood velocity and plasma volume which could lead to impaired systolic and diastolic left ventricular function, which can contribute to maternal complications in the obese pregnant woman (Schunkert, 2002). A survey in the UK by Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (2009) highlighted that 11·4% of all women of reproductive age, defined as 16 – 50 years, admitted to critical care were obstetric patients. Of these 80% were reported as recently pregnant; the most commonly reported obstetric reason for admission was haemorrhage and the non-obstetric reason was pneumonia. As no BMI data were included in this analysis, the impact of obesity is unknown. However, given the epidemiological trends reported earlier, these admissions are likely to increase. The complexity of a critically ill pregnant/post-birth obese woman poses specific challenges to all critical care staff involved in the care of the woman and the family not only in relation to physical support but also psychological support. Evidence is accumulating showing that critically ill patients suffer high levels of stress emotions such as fear, anxiety, loneliness, depersonalisation, and panic; for the pregnant and post-birth woman


The purpose of this study was to determine whether instruction of number theory affected the learning of computational skills with fractions. It also sought to measure changes in attitudes toward mathematics as a result of instruction in number theory. An experiment was set up utilizing 207 students from eight fifth-grade classes in selected schools in East Baton Rouge Parish (Louisiana)-. A non-randomized control group pretest-posttest design with three varia tions of the independent variable on the dependent variable was selected because of the use of preassembled classes. A randomized technique was employed in deter mining which group would be exposed to the treatment and its variations, and also to determine which classes the teachers would have. The eight classes were divided into four groups of two classes each. Group E^ received full exposure to number theory including instructions in the development and use of divisibility tests, the concept of prime and composite numbers, prime factorization of composite numbers, the meaning and methods of obtaining multiples, common multiples, and the least common multiple, and the xii concept and methods of deriving factors, common factors, and the greatest common factor. Groups E2 and E3 received a partial exposure to number theory, with the former receiving instructions pertaining to the divisibility tests, prime numbers and prime factorization of composite numbers, and the latter receiving instructions only in the development and use of divisibility tests. Group C was the control group which received no instruction in number theory. All four groups received identical instruction in fraction concepts, determining equivalency of fractions, renaming fractions, and addition and subtraction of fractions and mixed numbers with like and unlike terms. An achievement test and an attitude test were administered to all students immediately prior to treatment and again at the end of the study. The data from the achievement tests were analyzed by covariance statistical methods to test the null hypothesis (at the .05 level of significance) that no relationship exists between the variables concerned. The attitudinal data was subjected to analysis using the t-test to determine whether there were significant differences in attitude as a result of instruction in number theory. The members


The purpose of this paper is to investigate how much liquidity banks create and how liquidity creation changed over time in the MENA countries and to examine the soundness of banks in these countries based on the CAME rating system, in addition to investigating the relationship between CAME ratios and liquidity creation of these banks.,The study regresses the CAME ratios together with other control variables to model liquidity creation. The robustness of the results is evaluated by using a different measure of liquidity creation and by excluding the observations of the Islamic banks.,The results show that the CAME rating system, as an indicator of bank soundness, is negatively related to bank liquidity creation. Specifically, capital adequacy, management efficiency and earning ability ratios affect the on-balance sheet components of liquidity creation, while asset quality ratio affects its off-balance sheet component.,The paper offers insights to regulators and banks managers in terms of better understanding of the negative relationship between CAME rating system and bank liquidity creation.,This paper sheds more light on the relationship between bank soundness and liquidity creation by using the ratios of the CAMEL rating system as an indicator of bank strength and soundness.


Results from large-scale clinical trials of lipid lowering with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) have led to a revolution in the management of hypercholesterolaemia and cardiovascular disease. In addition to their potent effect on serum lipid levels, statins influence several other cellular pathways, including the activation of prenylated proteins involved in several biological processes. This review analyses the patents published during the period 2000 – 2003 concerning statins, with particular emphasis on the new molecules of this class and their applications, not only directly related to their effect on lipid biology, but also on potential pleiotropic actions on endothelial function, smooth muscle cell proliferation, hypertension, bone metabolism, neurodegenerative disease and prevention of tumour growth.


In view of the reform of engineering mechanics teaching and the teaching of mechanics experiments in the 21 st century, this paper probes into how to reform the teaching of mechanics experiments, and puts forward that the teaching of mechanics experiments should concentrate on the training of the innovation abilities of college students.


'substituting i for e', 100). This last category is particularly dangerous and is probably connected to the fact that on the whole the standard of English is high, despite most contributors not being native speakers: it looks as though a veneer of good English has sometimes been imposed without full appreciation of what the authors were trying to say. Fortunately, one good clear section is the introduction (Giuseppe Pezzini and Barnaby Taylor, 'Introduction: rst thoughts on language and nature', 1–14), which offers an excellent concise summary of the various forms of linguistic naturalism in ancient thought, with useful references to further discussion. Alexander Verlinsky's chapter ('Posidonius' linguistic naturalism and its philosophical pedigree', 15–45) then sets the scene by arguing that the lost works of the Stoic Posidonius, inuential on Roman thought, combined two distinct forms of naturalism, the kind in the Cratylus and the kind in Lucretius. Anna Chahoud's 'Lucilius on Latin spelling, grammar, and usage' (46–78) offers a close study of fragments that seem to advocate some startling connections between meaning and linguistic form. Then Alessandro Garcea ('Nigidius Figulus' naturalism: between grammar and philosophy', 79–102) bravely tries to reconstruct the thoughts of an even more fragmentary writer and to compare those thoughts with Varro's. One feels on rmer ground with texts that actually survive, which fortunately are treated in the following chapters. 'Linguistic naturalism in Cicero's Academica' (Tobias Reinhardt, 153–70) examines a debate in which Stoics and Academics each try to categorise their own linguistic theories as natural and their opponents' as unnatural, revealing what such arguments show about the strength of linguistic naturalism in Cicero's day. Then Casper de Jonge ('Linguistic naturalism and natural style: from Varro and Cicero to Dionysius of Halicarnassus', 171–90) examines the characterisation of rhetorical Atticism (i.e. writing like Lysias rather than like Thucydides) as 'natural' style, and how Dionysius' ideas about this draw on Cicero and Varro. The book arose from a conference on linguistic naturalism, hence the dissonance between the focus on 'linguistic naturalism' inside the work and the vaguer 'language and nature' in the title. Some effort has been made to draw out connections between the different chapters, but there is no real unity and little connection even on a supercial level: sometimes the same passages are discussed at length in different chapters without even a cross-reference (e.g. 106 and 131). Nevertheless, some chapters constitute interesting and useful contributions to scholarship. The book is to be welcomed both for those contributions and for the debate it may spark on linguistic naturalism, on the value of words with multiple meanings, and on whether it is legitimate to assume that ancient texts make sense.


authorship and the earlier date are convincing, but we still have to deal with the JG. Here the notion that this is a composite ascription of Mush (J) and the Jesuit Henry Garnet (G), seems needless and rather tendentious, notwithstanding the document's support of the Jesuit position set out in Persons' Brief Discours. Garnet and Mush were on good terms at the time, but we need more than this to clinch the case. Garnet, however, enters the argument more convincingly in the discussion of 1593 through his publication at that date of the Tridentine Resolutions of 1562 explicitly forbidding English Catholics to attend church, and not previously available in print. Here again the figure of Thomas Bell can be identified as provoking Garnet's response, this time by his abjuration and return to Protestantism, and outcome which the advocates of strict recusancy had often linked to the church papistry which he had defended. Garnet used this apostasy, as he saw it, to publicise the Council's condemnation of the practice, and he remained a fierce opponent of church papistry throughout. In the aftermath of the Appellant controversy in the early 1600s, however, his erstwhile friend, and possible collaborator of 1588, John Mush found himself in opposition to the Jesuits. That fact is enough to demonstrate the effects of the changing political climate on the terms of the debate, and the career of that eminence grise Thomas Bell with its shifting allegiances surely merits a proper study (from Michael Questier?) to place this debate, and much else in Elizabethan Catholicism, in a wider context. The debate, however, was not only designed to influence the actions of the laity, but was also responding to those actions, at both national and local level, and the laity remain the uninvited guests in what is a rich and edifying volume, expertly edited. An appendix of short extracts, necessarily so given the nature of the sources, from lay men and women defending their actions to either their fellow Catholics or to the authorities pursuing them, would have made the volume even more useful, and explained more effectively the context in which casuistry gained a respectable intellectual pedigree.


Participants in the administrative process are its participants. However, in order to be a subject of administrative proceedings, its participants must have administrative procedural capacity and legal capacity, while the legal status and procedural status of foreigners and stateless persons, the scope and content of functions and tasks of these persons may differ significantly from other participants in administrative proceedings. Given that administrative procedural capacity and legal capacity are the most important features of the administrative process, this controversial category still attracts the attention of scholars. In accordance with the provisions of Art. 26 of the Constitution of Ukraine, foreigners and stateless persons legally staying in Ukraine enjoy the same rights and freedoms, as well as bear the same obligations as citizens of Ukraine – except as provided by the Constitution, laws or international treaties of Ukraine. This provision is generally consistent with Art. 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948, according to which everyone should have all the rights and freedoms proclaimed by this Declaration.Since the right to go to court is regulated by the Constitution, laws of Ukraine, as well as international acts, the above provides legal guarantees of legal capacity. In order for a foreigner and a stateless person to be a subject of an administrative proceeding, he or she must have legal capacity. A characteristic feature of administrative procedural capacity is that it has not only rights but also responsibilities.The legal basis for the emergence of administrative procedural legal relations is the administrative procedural capacity and legal capacity of foreigners, stateless persons as participants in court proceedings. This issue is regulated by Chapter 4. «Participants in the trial» of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine, and Art. 44 of the Code defines the procedural rights and obligations of the participants in the administrative case.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the affordable housing shortage in the Greater Kuala Lumpur from the suppliers' perspectives.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected through a cross-sectional survey questionnaire comprising 21 determinants and 111 experts in the housing industry.FindingsThe affordable housing shortages are consequences of regulations and policies on land allocations, building materials and the affordable housing market. The government should provide more lands to the developers or the government should directly build affordable housing on their lands. To lower the cost of construction, the government should reduce the importation tax and procedures, and the housing industry should find alternative building materials.Originality/valueTheoretically, the research provided fresh insights into the causes of housing shortages and reasons for the increase in housing prices. The results will be useful to policymakers towards affordable housing delivery and to the developers and contractors on measures to increase profit margins and increase housing supply.


Czech gas company Transgas, a.s., charged UniControls, a.s., with the reconstruction of the control system of 6 MW turbosets installed in compressor stations Kralice and Kourim (Czech Republic). The first phase of the reconstruction was completed in 2002. The contribution describes the required extent of the reconstruction and analyses some new features of the new control system in greater detail.


The 2005 R. Tait McKenzie Lecturer, Stuart McGill is a spinal biomechanist and professor in the Department of Kinesiology at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. During the lecture, he will dispel some common myths regarding spine function and injury mechanisms and will offer some approaches for designing exercise through the continuum from rehabilitation to ultimate performance. McGill has authored over 200 scientific publications addressing issues of lumbar function, low back injury mechanisms, development of evidence-based rehabilitation and performance exercise, and the formulation of injury avoidance strategies. He has been an invited lecturer at many universities and delivered over 200 invited addresses to various societies around the world. As a consultant, he has provided expertise on assessment and reduction of the risk of low back injury to various government agencies, many corporations, professional athletes and teams, and legal firms. He sits on the editorial boards of the journals Clinical Biomechanics, Applied Biomechanics, and SPINE. McGill also holds other academic appointments including those in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo; the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto; and the Southern California University of Health Sciences. Much of his work is summarized in two recent books, Low Back Disorders: Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation (Human Kinetics) and Ultimate Back Fitness and Performance (available at www.backfitpro.com).


In this article, the author analyzes the services and resources made available to patrons who are experiencing homelessness within the surrounding area of the Nashville Public Library's Pruitt Branch in south Nashville, Tennessee. Utilizing a framework composed of elements regarding information sources, organizational planning, and connections made with internal and external organizations, the author researched the services offered to patrons experiencing homelessness to determine any areas for improvement via the Nashville Public Library's main website. Then, a strategic action plan composed of four steps was developed for how this branch can improve its future services for the population of patrons who are experiencing poverty and/or homelessness. These four steps are to: 1) Collect patron feedback regarding what services the library is currently offering and what future changes they would like to be made. 2) Make information about the library's diversity committee more publicly accessible. 3) Prioritize meeting objectives directly related to the subject of homelessness. 4) Create more programming focused on helping patrons who are experiencing homelessness.


Isothermal gas flows in microchannels is studied using the lattice Boltzmann method. A novel equation relating Knudsen number with relaxation time is derived. The slip-velocity on the solid boundaries is reasonably realized by combining the bounce-back reflection with specular reflection in a certain proportion. Predicted characteristics in a two-dimensional microchannel flow, including slip-velocity, nonlinear pressure drop, friction factors, velocity distribution along the streamwise direction and mass flow rate, are compared with available analytical and experimental results and good agreement is achieved.


Ionospheric correlation time is an important parameter that contains information about the temporal variability, structures, and dynamics of the ionosphere. This parameter is also important in forecasting of the ionospheric state. Ionospheric data assimilation algorithms employing empirical background models, such as Ionospheric Data Assimilation Four‐Dimensional (IDA4D), apply Gauss‐Markov approximation for the propagation of temporal updates from one time stamp to the next. In this process, the relaxation parameter, or the correlation time, determines to what degree the projected state depends on the background model and analysis density. An ad hoc approach is usually applied to choose this user‐defined parameter. This paper focuses on the estimation of the ionospheric correlation time using high temporal resolution global ionospheric maps (GIMs). It is found that the correlation time changes significantly with latitude. The longest correlation time is observed in the equatorial region, whereas the shortest correlation time is observed at high latitudes and in the polar cap regions. The global distribution of the correlation time exhibits seasonal variation and depends on the solar flux conditions. The correlation time at the equatorial and mid‐latitude regions increases with increasing solar and geomagnetic activity, whereas the correlation time at high‐latitude regions decreases. The results of this study can be directly applied to improve ionospheric data assimilation models.


Effect of adsorption,stabilization and obstruction of fibre asphalt concrete for pavement engineering is analyzed.There is some influence to anti-cracking for fibre asphalt concrete.Effect of anti-fatigue,high-temperature stabilization and low-temperature anti-cracking for asphalt concrete are discussed,to extend the service life of asphalt pavement.


The mechanism of accumulation of arsenic and phosphate on sediments in Lake Ohakuri in the North Island of New Zealand has been examined by comparing the rates of dissolution of the anions with the rates of dissolution of the matrix elements iron, aluminum, calcium, manganese, and silicon when samples were reacted with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at the natural pH of the sediments. Very close correlation was observed between the rates of dissolution of the anions and that of iron. This, together with the observation that iron not dissolved by EDTA was subsequently dissolved by Tamm's reagent, suggests that the most important mechanism of accumulation involves some interaction between hydrous iron oxides and the anions. From the constancy of the iron:arsenic and iron:phosphate ratios during dissolution it has been concluded that arsenic and phosphate are incorporated into these sediments by coprecipitation at the time of formation of the hydrous oxides rather than by adsorption on existing surfaces. 8 references, 4 figures, 5 tables.


This article deals with the tuning of a complex robotic workcell of eight joints devoted to milling tasks. It consists of a KUKA™ manipulator mounted on a linear track and synchronised with a rotary table. Prior to any machining, the additional joints require an in situ calibration in an industrial environment. For this purpose, a novel planar calibration method is developed to estimate the external joint configuration parameters by means of a laser displacement sensor and avoiding direct contact with the pattern. Moreover, a redundancy resolution scheme on the joint rate level is integrated within a computer aided manufacturing system for the complete control of the workcell during the path tracking of a milling task. Finally, the whole system is tested in the prototyping of an orographic model.


In this paper, we describe Remote Monitoring Validation Engineering System (ReMoVES), a newly-developed platform for motion rehabilitation through serious games and biophysical sensors. The main features of the system are highlighted as follows: motion tracking capabilities through Microsoft Kinect V2 and Leap Motion are disclosed and compared with other solutions; the emotional state of the patient is evaluated with heart rate measurements and electrodermal activity monitored by Microsoft Band 2 during the execution of the functional exercises planned by the therapist. The ReMoVES platform is conceived for home-based rehabilitation after the hospitalisation period, and the system will deploy machine learning techniques to provide an automated evaluation of the patient performance during the training. The algorithms should deliver effective reports to the therapist about the training performance while the patient exercises on their own. The game features that will be described in this manuscript represent the input for the training set, while the feedback provided by the therapist is the output. To face this supervised learning problem, we are describing the most significant features to be used as key indicators of the patient's performance along with the evaluation of their accuracy in discriminating between good or bad patient actions.


Newton's mechanics is one of the most successful theories in the history of science; its success is based on three Newton's laws. At first glance, the Newton's laws that describe the relation between masses, forces, and accelerations are very clear and straightforward. However, the situation becomes more ambiguous if we take into account that the notions of mass and force are not operationally defined. In this paper, we describe the operational meaning of Newton's laws.


Artibeus amplus, a Phyllostomid distributed in northern Neotropics, has been included in the 'Data Deficient' category both in Colombian and Venezuelan red l...


We report the first direct temporal observation [1] of self-injected and shock-front injected [2] laser-driven electron acceleration. The dynamics of the plasma wave and an electron bunch duration of 6 fs is obtained.


Sustainability, climate change issues and carbon emissions have recently become more prominent. To limit carbon emissions and reduce them we need to understand where and how much we use. The bridges and viaducts on major infrastructure projects have a high intensity of carbon compared to the average per kilometre. In this paper the carbon footprint of a range of current bridges and viaducts are outlined relative to cost, length, area, material and traffic type to give a benchmark for future reductions and to outline areas where improvements can be made. Engineers have often kept track of material quantities to estimate cost; the carbon content of a bridge can be calculated from the primary material quantities and construction methods. Information from a database of bridges is used in this research to estimate the capital carbon of 200 bridges. The data show the trends for different bridge loading types, materials and spans. The database can be used to assist with the reduction of carbon in bridges by benchmarking current carbon footprints.


This paper presents a data-driven processor array architecture,which is able to balance memory access and computation efficiently and is suited to implement high-performance accelerators on FPGAs.A framework for automatic synthesis for data-driven processor array is also proposed.Our framework enable efficient mapping of regular loop programs to processor arrays.Experimental results show the availability of our framework and that FPGA-based design can achieve better performance than general CPU.


The general purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between college environmental press variables and the attrition characteristics of college freshmen at Southern Methodist University.


This article deals with a teaching dossier on homosexuality in Switzerland in the 20th century, which was developed as part of a master's thesis for lower secondary school and put into practice. The dossier's concept provides a historical access to homo-sexuality through historical sources such as oral history interviews, images, texts and law articles. The teaching of the topic in a historical-social context should encourage students to adopt a tolerant attitude towards same-sex love.


This survey is concerned with the deaths of infants and children under the age of 15, in South Warwickshire between July 1, 1962 and June 30, 1963. It reports their age at death, where they died, and the main cause of death. Its small size is justified, it is hoped, by the belief that full ascertainment is usually only possible in populations that are small enough for the collection of data to be closely supervised by the investigator (Leck and Smithells, 1963; Leck and Record, 1963).


WMG (World Masters Games) athletes have either pursued a physically active lifestyle for an extended period of time or have initiated exercise/sport in later life. This unique cohort of middle-aged to older-aged adults remains relatively uninvestigated with regards to various measures of health. With a need for multifaceted solutions to the obesity epidemic, investigating special populations such as those competing in sport at older ages may further the understanding of the nexus between aging, physical activity and obesity. This study aims to investigate the BMI (body mass index) of North American WMG competitors with respect to national health guidelines and demographics. An online survey was utilized to collect demographic information from athletes competing at the Sydney WMG. BMI was derived using the participant's height and body mass. A total of 928 (46.7% male, 53.3% female) participants from Canada and the United States (age: 52.6 ± 9.8 years) completed the survey. The top 5 sports in which participants competed were football (25.6%), track/field (15.4%), swimming (8.4%), volleyball (8.2%), and softball (7.8%). Female and male BMI (kg/m2) across all sports were: > 30 (obese: 13.9%), 25-29.9 (overweight: 34.1%), 18.5-24.9 (normal: 50.3%), and


Data-driven techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) have been widely used to derive predictive models from historical data and applied for quality prediction in industry. Motivated by reducing data collinearity and extracting informative driving forces behind data, latent variable models are explored to facilitate the prediction by regressing data on a set of extracted features. In this paper, a novel learning strategy is proposed to build dynamic features under a full Bayesian framework, incorporating data information and prior knowledge of process dynamics. Unlike the traditional PCA that extracts features based on variances explained, in this paper, the latent features are extracted with the guidance of preferred velocities of nominal variations. By applying Bayesian learning algorithms, parameters are estimated with probability distributions accounting for corresponding uncertainties, and the number of latent features can be automatically determined by the variational Bayesian inference algorithm. The effectiveness and practicability of this Bayesian dynamic feature regression are demonstrated through simulated examples as well as an industrial case study.


The hybrid integration of silicon metasurfaces, in forms of insertable thin-film elements, into a multilayer polymer waveguide platform is introduced. Owing to the wavelength comparable thickness and high efficiency of the dielectric metasurfaces, the designed devices can manipulate beams in a relatively short distance with low insertion loss. They can also realize functions critical for three-dimensional (3D) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) that are difficult for conventional micro-optic elements. The designs of several key photonic components are presented in this work as proof-of-concept. Specifically, three applications based on the proposed platform are demonstrated numerically, including on-chip beam collimation, spatial mode (de)multiplexing, and focusing vertical out-coupling. These functionalities can be realized within a short propagating length. This work presents a theoretical study on the design principles and performances of the proposed devices, which can be implemented by adopting the existed technology of inserting classic thin-film elements into photonic chips in the near future. The results suggest a novel and general path for optical signal manipulations within the 3D photonic chips and may prove useful in the design of transceiver devices for optical communication, optical sensor chips, compact chips for optical computation, etc.


The article discusses the concept of a national approach to the teaching of foreign languages in the abroad context. On the example of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the Republic of Korea, the author analyzes the conditions and optimization methods of teaching Russian language. It is concluded, that the national approach is a comprehensive approach because, on the one hand, it is based on the ideas of communicative and sociocultural approaches, and on the other hand, it allows to take into account didactic factors, which have a great influence on language learning in the abroad context. Therefore, this approach should be the leading approach to the teaching of Russian as a foreign language abroad.


Denis Ke l ly , retir ing EditorinChief. Ann Frank , in-coming EditorinChief. On Sunday, February 24, M r Denis Ke l ly , Editor of The Cowl, announced thai Ann Frank, News Editor, wil l succeed him as Editorin-Chief as of this publication date Miss Frank , as part of her first duties as Editor , announced her appo intments to her E d i t o r i a l Board Miss Frank , an English Major , is the first woman to be named to the post of Editor-in-Chief. In her Sophomore year, she joined The Cowl with the intention of working


The need for optimum synthesis procedures for closed loop systems containing plants subject to large parameter variations has long been acknowledged and appropriate design techniques have been developed and refined. However, historically these techniques have been essentially manual in nature and although computer aided design (CAD) implementation of them, where feasible, has eased the designer's burden, it has still been necessary for the designer to provide a considerable amount of interaction with the CAD programs at a routine level. This paper presents a procedure that has been developed specifically for CAD and which synthesizes the loop transfer function directly from plant variation data. In addition, the procedure clarifies two aspects of the synthesis problem which often receive only cursory attention, namely : the choice of the nominal plant and the translation of system time response bounds into the frequency domain.


Due to different designs of receiver correlators and front ends, receiver-related pseudorange biases, called signal distortion biases (SDBs), exist. Ignoring SDBs that can reach up to 0.66 cycles and 10 ns in Melbourne-Wübbena (MW) and ionosphere-free (IF) combinations can negatively affect phase bias estimation. In this contribution, we investigate the SDBs and evaluate the impacts on wide-lane (WL) and narrow-lane (NL) phase bias estimations, and further propose an approach to eliminating these SDBs to improve phase bias estimation. Based on a large data set of 302 multi-global navigation satellite system (GNSS) experiment (MGEX) stations, including 5 receiver brands, we analyze the characteristics of these SDBs The SDB characteristics of different receiver types for different GNSS systems differ from each other. Compared to the global positioning system (GPS) and BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), SDBs of Galileo are not significant; those of BDS-3 are significantly superior to BDS-2; Septentrio (SEPT) receivers show the most excellent consistency among all receiver types. Then, we apply the corresponding corrections to phase bias estimation for GPS, Galileo and BDS. The experimental results reveal that the calibration can greatly improve the performance of phase bias estimation. For WL phase biases estimation, the consistencies of WL phase biases among different networks for GPS, Galileo, BDS-2 and BDS-3 improve by 89%, 77%, 76% and 78%, respectively. There are scarcely any improvements of the fixing rates for Galileo due to its significantly small SDBs, while for GPS, BDS-2 and BDS-3, the WL ambiguity fixing rates can improve greatly by 13%, 27% and 14% after SDB calibrations with improvements of WL ambiguity fixing rates, the corresponding NL ambiguity fixing rates can further increase greatly, which can reach approximately 16%, 27% and 22%, respectively. Additionally, after the calibration, both WL and NL phase bias series become more stable. The standard deviations (STDs) of WL phase bias series for GPS and BDS can improve by more than 46%, while those of NL phase bias series can yield improvements of more than 13%. Ultimately, the calibration can make more WL and NL ambiguity residuals concentrated in ranges within ±0.02 cycles. All these results demonstrate that SDBs for phase bias estimation cannot be ignored and must be considered when inhomogeneous receivers are used.


The modern condition of informatization is analyzed in the paper and the main prospects of computerization of higher education in colleges and universities of Ukraine are highlighted as well. It's done with different research methods such as literary sources analysis, questionnaire design, expert evaluation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.


The purpose of both pancreas and islet transplantation is to improve the quality of life in diabetic patients by establishing an insulin-independent, constant normoglycaemic state. They are the only treatments that can do so. Currently, pancreas transplantation is much more successful but requires a major operation. Islet transplantation is simpler for the recipient but islet preparation is complicated and isolated islets may be more vulnerable to rejection than an intact organ. Generalized immunosuppression is required in recipients of either pancreas or islet transplants. Thus, most are performed in patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy who recieve kidney transplants to treat uraemia and who are obligated to immunosuppression for this reason. Of more than 6000 pancreas transplants reported to the International Pancreas Transplant Registry from 1966 to 1994, approximately 85 per cent were in diabetic renal allograft recipients. Pancreas transplants alone are primarily performed in highly selected patients with extremely labile diabetes mellitus. Since 1986, success rates (insulin-independence for o 1 year) as calculated by the Pancreas Transplant Registry have been approximately 75 per cent for pancreas transplants performed simultaneously with kidney transplants and approximately 50 per cent when performed as a solitary procedure. With good HLA matches, however, the success rate with solitary pancreas transplants is also over 70 per cent. Another goal is to ameliorate or prevent secondary complications of diabetes mellitus. Most recipients have had diabetes mellitus for many years with complications already at an advanced stage, and so the effect of a successful transplant on secondary lesions is mixed. Clinical neuropathy and early, but not advanced, neuropathy appear to be favourably influenced but advanced retinopathy is not. Nevertheless, several studies show most recipients rate their quality of life as higher post-pancreas transplant. Type I diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease directed against pancreatic beta cells and recurrence of disease in the absence of rejection has been observed in some grafts placed in non- or minimally immunosuppressed recipients of segmental grafts from non-diabetic identical twin or HLA-identical non-twin sibling donors. However, many grafts from related donors have functioned long-term without evidence of disease (graft isletitis) in immunosuppressed recipients and recurrence of disease in the absence of rejection has never been observed in the relatively heavily immunosuppressed recipients of cadaveric grafts. Pancreas transplantation has evolved into a very routine method of beta cell replacement in many centres when performed in conjunction with renal allografts for treatment of uraemia. As a solitary procedure, it has a role in treatment of highly selected patients with extremely labile diabetes mellitus not well served by the alternatives. Ultimately, pancreas transplantation will probably be superseded by islet transplantation. Islet isolation is complex and prevention of rejection is difficult but islet transplantation remains an attractive goal because of the simplicity of the implantation procedure; sustained insulin-independence has been achieved in a few recipients. Approximately 200 cases have been reported to the Islet Transplant Registry. Of those done in the last few years, 40 per cent have had C-peptide levels above baseline at 1 year, but less than 10 per cent have been insulin-independent. Work in this area continues. For the moment, however, only pancreas transplantation can be offered with a probability of success similar to that of other solid organ transplants. In diabetic uraemia recipients of kidney transplants, the addition of a pancreas is routine in many centres. For selected patients with labile diabetes mellitus and hypoglycaemia unawareness, a successful pancreas transplant can dramatically improve quality of life (AU)


At present, the digital publishing of academic journals of colleges and universities is the general trend.Digital publishing priority, as a special transition period of digital publishing, can explore a real, smooth way for the college academic journal digital publishing. In this paper, by using the SWOT method, the paper discusses advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and threats in the publishing. With that in view this paper proposes that at the policy level the state should increase policy support for the formulation of standards, make up related laws and regulations to enhance digital publishing priority. At the same time, journal itself has to change the concept,find more ways to extend and develop, to promote quality to improve the digital publishing priority.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate if major salivary gland enlargement in patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is associated with systemic involvement. Methods: We included 47 patients with diagnosis of IgG4-RD. We retrospectively collected demographics, organ involvement, disease activity and damage assessed by the IgG4-RD Responder Index (IgG4-RD RI) and treatment. Results: 25 patients (53%) were men, mean age 50.8 years and median disease duration 27 months. Most frequently anatomic sites affected were lymph nodes 55%, pancreas 51% and lacrimal glands 43%. We observed major salivary gland involvement in 22 (46.8%) patients. When we compared patients with (n = 22) vs. without (n = 25) salivary gland enlargement, the first group had a higher number of affected organs, a higher prevalence of lacrimal glands, lymph nodes, and lung involvement, rheumatoid factor positivity, azathioprine and prednisone use, as well as a higher baseline IgG4-RD RI and a longer delay in diagnosis. At logistic regression analysis we found an association of major salivary gland enlargement with the basal IgG4-RD RI (OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.09–1.61, p = .001) and with lacrimal gland involvement (OR 34.7, 95%CI 4.6–258, p = .001). Conclusion: Our study highlights the systemic nature of IgG4-RD. Patients with major salivary gland enlargement should be routinely screened for multi-organ disease.


During the construction process of Tongxin Coal Mine's main inclined shaft excavated by Double-shield TBM,the accident that machine seized up was happened,and the axis of excavated shaft deviated from the correct direction.In this paper,the accident cause was analyzed,and a measure to withdraw the whole machine was adopted.This measure made the construction throw off straitened circumstance successfully.


A principal method of mastering the 'publication explosion' should be a more consistent structural differentiation of publishing, thus enabling a better channelling of information. Besides subject specialization, this can be achieved by clearer distinction between local, national, and international spheres of interest and between idiographic and nomothetic aspects of papers. The 'publication explosion' is a consequence of a corresponding increase in research, and quantitative curbing of publication should not be applied to such an extent that it affects the universal availability of scientific results. More stringent selection, however, would reduce the volume of primary publishing considerably. Training of authors in publishing techniques would greatly ease the burden of routine labour for editors. This, and the organization of scientific serials and articles to meet modern bibliographic-documentalistic needs, present problems calling for urgent solution at an international level.


This research is motivated by the fact that student learning outcomes are low, therefore the purpose of this study is to describe learning planning, implementation of learning, to be able to improve student learning outcomes in reducing the denominated fraction is not the same as the NHT type cooperative learning model in class IV SD 35 Padang. Sarai. This research is a classroom action research using qualitative and quantitative approaches. This research was conducted in 2 cycles. The research flow consisted of 4 stages, namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The research subjects were teachers and fourth grade students. The research instrument was in the form of information about the observation sheet on planning, implementation, and student test sheets at the end of each cycle. The results showed that the lesson plan planning in cycle I was 69.64% with sufficient criteria to be 92.85% with very good criteria in cycle II. The results of the implementation of teacher learning cycle I was 68.75%, the criteria was enough to be 90.62% with very good criteria in the second cycle. The results of the implementation of student learning cycle I was 71.89% with good criteria being 87.50% with very good criteria in cycle II. The learning outcomes of the first cycle students were 61.12 with sufficient criteria to be 81.02 with very good criteria in the second cycle. It can be concluded that the NHT type cooperative learning model of reducing the denominated fraction is not the same can improve the learning outcomes of fourth grade students of SD 35 Padang Sarai


The invention discloses an orthogonal polarization fiber bragg grating vector torsion sensing device and a detection method thereof. The torsion sensing device comprises a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) light source, a polarization processing unit, a sensing probe, a orthogonal polarization demodulation processing unit and an optical fiber circulator/coupler, and the polarization processing unit, the sensing probe and the orthogonal polarization demodulation processing unit are connected through the optical fiber circulator/coupler. The detection method of the torsion sensing device includes that a polarization maintaining optical fiber bragg grating is used as a sensing unit, two groups of mutually orthogonal polarization state energy intensity messages are simultaneously obtained through an orthogonal polarization vector demodulation unit, and accurate measurement of torsion angles and directions can be achieved through a vector analysis module. The torsion sensing device uses a full optical fiber structure so that the torsion sensing device has the advantages of being high in integration level, good in stability, compact in structure, high in sensitivity, low in costs, easy to network and capable of achieving functions of temperature changing self-calibration and light source shaking inhibiting.


a Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy – firstname.lastname@example.com b World Resources Institute, Washington, USA c Greenpeace Russia, Moscow, Russia d Biodiversity Conservation Center & Socio Ecological Union, Moscow, Russia e Central Siberia Botanical Garden, Novosibirsk, Russia f World Wildlife Fund, Vladivostok, Russia g Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China