GDP-mannose-pyrophosphorylase-B (GMPPB) facilitates the generation of GDP-mannose, a sugar donor required for glycosylation. GMPPB defects cause muscle disease due to hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG). Alpha-DG is part of a protein complex, which links the extracellular matrix with the cytoskeleton thus stabilizing myofibers. Mutations of the catalytically inactive homolog GMPPA cause AAMR syndrome, which is characterized by achalasia, alacrima, mental retardation, and muscle weakness. Here we show that Gmppa KO mice recapitulate cognitive and motor deficits. As structural correlates we found cortical layering defects, progressive neuron loss, and myopathic alterations. Increased GDP-mannose levels in skeletal muscle and in vitro assays identify GMPPA as an allosteric feedback inhibitor of GMPPB. Thus, its disruption enhances mannose incorporation into glycoproteins including α-Dg in mice and men. This increases α-Dg turnover and thereby lowers α-Dg abundance. In mice dietary mannose restriction beginning after weaning corrects α-DG hyperglycosylation and abundance, normalizes skeletal muscle morphology, and prevents neuron degeneration and the development of motor deficits. Cortical layering and cognitive performance, however, are not improved. We thus identify GMPPA defects as the first congenital disorder of glycosylation characterized by α-DG hyperglycosylation, unravel underlying disease mechanisms and point to potential dietary treatment options.


We demonstrate the 10-Gbit/s direct modulation of optically pumped photonic-crystal (PhC) nanocavity lasers at up to 100°C by using an InGaAlAs multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structure as an active region. The device exhibits an output power exceeding 20 μW and a maximum 3-dB bandwidth of 8.3 GHz at an operating temperature of 100°C. In addition, when the laser is modulated at 10 Gbit/s, low energy costs of 7.2 fJ/bit at 25°C and 23.4 fJ/bit at 100°C are successfully achieved. Thus an InGaAlAs MQW PhC nanocavity laser is a promising candidate for the light source of a photonic network on a CMOS chip.


Orthostatic hypotension is the most disabling symptom of autonomic failure. Severely affected patients often require medication to counteract the blood pressure fall and to improve pre-syncopal symptoms on standing. Isolated clinical observations have suggested that the combination ergotamine and caffeine can be useful in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the combination ergotamine and caffeine on blood pressure and pre-syncopal symptoms on standing in a group of patients with autonomic failure. A total of 12 patients participated in this study. Eight were men and the average age was 64±10 years. The combination ergotamine and caffeine increased seated SBP by 19 mm Hg compared with placebo (95% CI: -2 to 40 mm Hg, P=0.07) (Figure A) and reduced the orthostatic symptom score by 9 points (95% CI: 0.9 to 16, P=0.03), compared with baseline (Figure B). In conclusion, the combination ergotamine and caffeine could be an alternative therapy for orthostatic hypotension in patients with autonomic failure.


Using forest and vegetable soils as controls,three types of tea garden soils,namely high,middle and low productive tea garden soils,were collected to study N2O emission under laboratorial incubation condition.There were two treatments:(I) control soils without addition of any chemicals.(II) N treatment,adding 200 mg N in form of(NH4)2SO4 per 1 kg soil.The soils were continuously incubated at 25 ℃ for 14 days.After 0,1,3,7 and 14 days incubation,the air in head space of the incubated bottles were collected,respectively,for measuring N2O concentrations.The interaction of soil moisture and N addition on the N2O emission was also studied.The results showed that in a group with natural soils,the soil of high production tea garden had the highest mean N2O emission rate during 14 days incubation period.It reached to 11.26 mg/(kg·d),significantly higher than other four soils.However,in the other group with N addition,vegetable soil showed the highest N2O emission rate,very significantly higher than those in tea and forest soils.The N2O emission rate in N added soils was higher than that in natural soils.The N2O emission rate was increased with the increase of soil moisture content.There was a significant interaction between soil moisture content and N added.N addition to high moisture content soils could stimulate the N2O emission.The paper also discussed the possible N2O production mechanism based on the change of NH4+ and NO3-concentration during the incubation period.


The three-dimensional numerical models of reinforced sand triaxial tests are simulated based on the laboratory tests by PFC3D, which belong to the discrete element method. The simulation results are compared with the laboratory test results. Based on the results of lab triaxial tests, the influence of mesoscopic parameters changes on the macroproperties of sand sample are discussed. The mesoscopic parameters include friction factor, stiffness ratio of particle, etc. It is found that: Increasing friction factor, stiffness ratio and reducing porosity of particle can significantly improve the peak strength of stress-strain curves, and the effect is more obvious with high confining pressure. The influence of mesoscopic parameters changes on cohesive strength and internal frictional angle from strong to weak ordering are: porosity, stiffness ratio, friction factor. The internal friction angle showed positive correlation with friction factor, and negative correlation with porosity.


We study the effect of block shareholding on stock liquidity using panel models for 128 stocks from the period 2011 to 2014. After controlling for the size of the firm, ownership concentration is found to have a small statistically significant negative effect on liquidity. Ownership structure models indicate that block shareholding by Government has a negative effect on liquidity. However, we do not find any statistically significant effects due to block shareholding by individuals and families or foreign or domestic institutions. Lower turnovers of state owned companies may be due to lack of trading rather than information asymmetry or signalling effects.


Based on the analysis of the influence of the surface quality of metal materials on the use of machinery, this paper discusses the influence of raw material quality, technical level, residual stress, cold work hardening, machine tool machining error, cutting tool machining error, mechanical positioning error and mechanical adjustment error on the surface quality and machining accuracy of metal materials. By studying the measures such as strengthening the quality control of raw materials, reasonably selecting processing technology, controlling the processing process, reducing the original error and making error compensation, the aim is to optimize the machining environment and improve the processing quality of finished products.


Recent developments in x-ray science provide methods to probe deeply embedded mesoscale grain structures and spatially resolve them using dark field x-ray microscopy (DFXM). Extending this technique to investigate weak diffraction signals such as magnetic systems, quantum materials and thin films proves challenging due to available detection methods and incident x-ray flux at the sample. We present a direct detection method focusing on DFXM studies in the hard x-ray range of 10s of keV and above capable of approaching nanoscale resolution. Additionally, we compare this direct detection scheme with routinely used scintillator based optical detection and achieve an order of magnitude improvement in exposure times allowing for imaging of weakly diffracting ordered systems.


To extract the isoflavone from soy sauce cake which was obtained from the industry production process of soybean sauce and soy sauce,the influence of singe factor and then those of multi-factor were studied by orthogonal experiment,the best condition were:70% ethanol,extraction temperate 80℃,extraction time 4h,the ratio of sample to solvent 1∶30(g/mL),repetition of extraction 2 times.The extraction rate could reach 0.384%,the content of the product was 5.2%,the yield of the product was 7.5%.


The present invention various types of which a reusable manner, erasing, if necessary, a recording material on which information is recorded, the configuration of the present invention is configured to 1) but erased during use can be easily erased using the pigment which is easily bleached by the bleaching claim the basic composition of the ink, 2) column, or the composition of the bleaching, including the photoreaction initiator, and 3) applying the first and consists of a decolorizing clearing is irradiated with heat or ultraviolet rays. The invention and the magnetic stripe ink that is dependent on imported case, as well as plain paper, recycled to the self-belt is attached the recording material by the use to thereby prepare a recording ink such as the ink for printing the ink ribbon cartridge, ink, Deskjet ink, various writing instruments it is possible to minimize the consumption of the substrate. There is also a feature reduces the effect of foreign currency and the recycling can reduce the environmental impact eco-friendly. Erasable ink, bleaching agents, reuse, a printing ink, an ink ribbon cartridge, Deskjet ink, pen ink


In a refrigerator of the type with cold accumulating multistage having a compressor 13 placed at an ordinary temperature and for compressing helium gas as usual operating fluid, one or more expansion chambers 17, 18, 19 and one or more cold accumulators 1, 2, 3 located at different temperature levels, a storage element 26 of said cold ice packs 1, 2, 3 is formed of an alloy or a compound containing rare earth metal, which improves the efficiency of the refrigerator. Application in particular to the cooling system of a SQUID.


In this study, sea surface scattering with and without surfactants is predicted using the two-scale boundary perturbation model (BPM) and the advanced integral equation model (AIEM) augmented with two different damping models, i.e., the Marangoni one and the model of local balance (MLB). Numerical predictions are showcased for both mineral oil and biogenic slicks. They are contrasted with actual satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements collected at X-band by the German TerraSAR-X sensor over mineral oil and plant oil slicks of known origin. Experimental results show that the two-scale BPM augmented with the Marangoni damping model is more suitable for predicting the normalized radar cross section and the damping ratio of plant oil (biogenic) slicks. In contrast, the AIEM combined with the damping MLB results in a better agreement with SAR measurements collected over mineral oil slicks.


The study examined changes in the lives of 450 Tennessee adults one year after they enrolled in literacy programs. Among the findings were: increase in rate of employment, in participants' self-esteem, in their involvement in community organizations, and in some literacy practices. Introduction The purpose of the study was to identify if and how participation in literacy programs impacted the lives of adults. The study focused on changes in lives of 450 participants after they enrolled in literacy programs. It aimed at expanding understanding of how program participation changes adults' quality of life in the domains of work, family, and community. Typically, the outcomes of participation in literacy programs for adults have been measured in terms of gains on standardized tests and/or passing the General Educational Development (GED) exam. Some studies have found that participation in adult basic education can lead to increased employment, self-esteem, and social participation (Beder, 1991). Fingeret and her colleagues (1994) found that literacy programs produced outcomes on students' confidence and cultural awareness as well as on literacy practices. The changes that occur in students' lives, especially changes outside the classroom, may be the most significant outcomes, although they are generally not assessed. Such real life outcomes are the main focus of this study. The Study Research Design Adult learners from nine adult basic education (ABE) Level-1 programs from across the state of Tennessee were interviewed for this study. Partic ipants in three cohorts (1992, 1993, 1994) were given a baseline interview as they enrolled in ABE programs. All had scored below the sixth grade level on the ABLE (Adult Basic Learning Exam) reading test. Those who had indicated they were willing, participated in follow-up interviews at approximately one-year intervals. The study was designed to continue for five years and include qualitative (individual, program, and community case studies), as well as quantitative data. However, funding was interrupted, and the study was not completed. A total of 450 baseline interviews were completed in the nine sites participating in the study in Years One, Two, and Three. Although data collection and analysis was suspended in 1995, researchers from the Center for Literacy Studies returned to it later (Bingman, Ebert, & Smith, 2000). The analysis for this report includes data from Follow-up One interviews from the combined three cohorts (N=199). The table below presents the number of interviews for each year of the study (the numbers analyzed for this paper are italicized). The questionnaire used in this study included 116 questions. To examine socio-economic wellbeing, respondents were asked about their employment and sources of income, as well as about other activities used to make ends meet. Social well-being was examined through questions relating to family and community involvement. The personal wellbeing of respondents was examined with questions pertaining to self-esteem and lifestyle. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), to which an "Undecided" mid-point was added, was selected because it has been widely used with different populations and because it is one of the shorter self-esteem instruments. To examine phys ical well-being, students were asked about their health and access to health care. In addition to these major areas, respondents were asked general demographic questions. The follow-up questionnaires included many of the same questions as the baseline questionnaire, as well as some new ones that asked people to reflect on changes in their lives. For the present study, the 56 questions common to baseline and follow-up questionnaires were analyzed. Readers should be aware of the limitations of this research. The sample size was small, and learner attrition over time resulted in further decrease in sample sizes. All the data in the study were self reported. There was no comparison group in this study. It was beyond the means of the research team to obtain a representative sample of adults who would be eligible for the study but did not enroll in ABE. Within these limitations, the study provides learners' responses to a wide variety of potential outcomes and contributes to our understanding of the impacts of ABE participation in learners' lives.


The beauty industry is exploding with success right now. It valued 445 billion dollars in the present time and is going to reach 800 billion in the next five years. The biggest reason behind this evolution is mass reach via a social platform, every other brand whether selling chemical or non-chemical products reaching customers through social media. Even on the OTT platform, many documentaries are stating the harmful effects of chemical-based cosmetics. Stink (2015) is a documentary talking about how chemicals used for making cosmetic products are affecting individuals. It's a story of how a father dealing with this problem. Cover-up (2018) stating the harmful effects and how cosmetics brands, banned in Europe, are using chemicals in their products. The Dark Secret Behind Your Favorite Makeup Products (2019) talks about how brands are hiding what they are using. People are blindly following their favorite influencer and not being worried about ingredients used. With the growing pandemic all over the world, sustainability has now become the utmost priority for many businesses. The chemical composition used in cosmetics is tremendously increasing, with the outbreak of booming technologies, rapidly increasing the number of beauty blogs, influencer's charming beauty profiles, promoting consumers to move towards greener alternatives when it comes to cosmetics, and personal care regime. With such an effect, consumers are becoming more and more aware of their health and wellness and demanding products that do not harm their skin and environment. The environmental performance of products and the process of manufacturing raw material has become a key consideration for business houses. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the issues faced by consumers on the sustainable development of green cosmetics and impact on their wellbeing. The study will be conducted on 250 respondents via a structured questionnaire through Google forms. The scope of this study will try to cover all the possible issues and their impact on consumers. The conclusion will be drawn after analyzing the data.


Documenting reflective practice would be easier if practitioners were in agreement about the meaning of reflection for practice. Even though evidence exists to support the links between reflection, professional learning and reflective practice, agreement about how to effectively facilitate the reflective process for deeper levels of reflection is not yet established. The reflective writing of postgraduate teacher education students was scaffolded using a Three-Step Reflective Framework. Written reflections were prepared for an electronic design portfolio and assessed by the subject lecturer. All participants demonstrated three levels of reflection in their writing, namely, Descriptive, Explanatory and Supported. There was a degree of critical reflection although this was not directly scaffolded by the framework. All participants found the Reflective Framework useful for assisting them to write reflectively, and the majority intended to carry on using it to assist in constructing a professional portfolio.


This paper outlines ADSL access network and simulates the copper twisted lines.The characteristics of lines and noise sources are modeled.It explores the effect of different channels of noise sources,including FEXT,NEXT,HDSL,T1,ISDN,AWGN,to get the relationship between ADSL transmit capacity and length of line.


Several key geologic relations of interior and northern Alaska suggest that the hinterland of the Brooks Range thrust belt, which formed part of a major Middle Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous compressional orogen, underwent significant regional extension in the mid-Cretaceous. These geologic relations include (1) simultaneous development of depositional basins in both foreland and hinterland of the Brooks Range fold and thrust belt, (2) regional normal faults along the "root zone" for Brooks Range allochthons, (3) anomalously thin (10–20 km) crust in the hinterland of the Brooks Range developed as a consequence of extension, (4) missing source regions for arc-derived clastic rocks of the foreland, perhaps removed by rifting, (5) preservation of high pressure/low temperature metamorphic rocks in the hinterland, possibly resulting from extensional denudation and rapid uplift, (6) omission rather than duplication of structural section along many regional terrane boundaries in the hinterland, (7) shallow dipping metamorphic foliations, stretching lineations, and high-temperature cooling histories consistent with normal sense displacement of overlying allochthonous rocks, (8) widespread crustal anatexis in parts of the hinterland, and (9) emplacement of rift-related alkaline and associated igneous rocks in the Yukon-Koyukuk basin. Consideration of the amount of crustal thinning, tectonic denudation, and throw on normal faults implied by the above relations indicates that mid-Cretaceous events could have been responsible for at least 100% stretching (s=2) across most of interior Alaska. Evaluation of timing constraints suggests that extensional tectonism in interior Alaska spanned an interval from about 130 to 90 Ma. Review of known geologic relations indicates that extension postdated an important episode of crustal shortening in the Brooks Range related to closure of an ocean basin (now represented by the Angayucham terrane) during the approach and collision of a Jurassic and older arc system with the continental margin. Extension in interior Alaska was coeval with the inception of rifting and with rift-related magmatism in the Canadian Arctic and likely occurred during the opening of the Canada Basin. This important period of extensional deformation fragmented the various components of an earlier Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous compressional orogen in Alaska, broadening the cross-sectional width of the Cordilleran orogen at this latitude and drastically modifiying paleogeography with the formation of large marine basins in the Cretaceous. As such, this episode of extension has important implications for our understanding of the paleogeography and tectonic setting of earlier crustal shortening and our understanding of the tectonic and thermal controls on subsequent Cretaceous sedimentation across Alaska. This extension also plays a critical role in larger-scale plate tectonic problems such as the pre-Cretaceous reconstruction of the Arctic and opening of the Canada Basin.


A homologous series of liquid crystal bearing with heterocyclic thiophene Schiff base ester with alkanoyloxy chain (CH3(CH2)nCOO–, where , 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) was successfully synthesized through the modification of some reported methods. The structural information of these compounds was isolated and characterized through some spectroscopic techniques, such as FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Textural observation was carried out using a polarizing optical microscope (POM) over heating and cooling cycles. It was found that all synthesized compounds (3a–g) exhibited an enantiotropic nematic phase upon the heating and cooling cycle with high thermal stability. Moreover, a characteristic bar transition texture was observed for compounds 3f and 3g which have shown transition of nematic-to-smectic C phase. This has been further confirmed by obtaining relative phase transition temperature using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).


ABSTRACT Food products are dielectric materials. The ability to store and dissipate electromagnetic energy of food in dielectric heating is determined by its dielectric properties. To develop pasteurisation protocols based on radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) heating of chili powder, dielectric properties of chili powder were measured using an open-ended coaxial-line probe and an impedance analyzer over a frequency range from 8 to 3000 MHz. Penetration depth of chili powder was calculated at five selected frequencies. Results showed that the dielectric properties of chili powder decreased with increase in frequency from 8 to 3000 MHz, but increased with increase in moisture content from 4 to 15% (w. b.) and with increase in temperature from 25 to 85°C. Dielectric constant and loss factor of different density samples showed little difference at low temperature, but large difference at high temperature. RF waves have larger penetration depth in chili powder than MW, and therefore could result in better heating uniformity especially for thicker samples during pasteurisation process. Geometry of sample and heating runaway phenomena may also affect the application of RF pasteurisation for foods. The relationship between moisture content, temperature, and dielectric properties of chili powder at 13.56, 27.12, 40.68, 915 and 2450 MHz can be described by third-order polynomial models with high coefficient of determination (R2>0.89), which can be used to predict temperature- and moisture-dependent dielectric constant and loss factor of chili powder with high accuracy.


Socio-hydrogeology has been recently proposed as a new approach in the field of human-water research, focusing on the assessment of the reciprocity between people and groundwater. Notwithstanding some obvious similarities with socio-hydrology, there are notable, and indeed important differences; while socio-hydrology aims to investigate and understand the dynamic interactions and feedbacks between (surface)water and people, due to the more private and local nature of groundwater in many instances, socio-hydrogeology seeks to understand individuals and communities as a primary source, pathway and receptor for potable groundwater supplies, including the role of (local) knowledge, beliefs, risk perception, tradition/history, and consumption. In essence, the "socio" in socio-hydrology might be said to represent society, while its counterpart within socio-hydrogeology embodies sociology, including social, cognitive, behavioural and socioepidemiological science. Moreover, while socio-hydrology tends towards examination of humanwater interactions at relatively larges scales via coupled modelling, socio-hydrogeology is often focused at a significantly smaller scale (e.g. individual household or community supplies), and as such, employs a wide range of mixed methods, including modelling, albeit to a lesser degree. Being at its early development stage, the discipline is still being defined and formalized. Nevertheless, several researchers are currently implementing this approach worldwide.


The present paper describes chemical synthesis of ordered alloy FePt nanoparticles with dispersibility into water using a water-soluble polymer ligand, poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP), for biomedical applications such as magnetic sensing devices for diagnostics and magnetic hyperthermia for cancer therapy. Ac magnetic susceptibility takes the maximum value at a temperature near the blocking temperature of magnetic nanoparticles. The blocking temperature of the ordered alloy FePt nanoparticles with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy can be adjusted at around room temperature to improve biomedical performances even though their size is limited in the range of nanometer. The ordered alloy FePt nanoparticles are synthesized by reduction of Fe and Pt organo-metallic compounds with tetraethylene glycol using PVP as a protective agent. Influences of reaction conditions such as temperature and time on crystallite size (particle size) and magnetic properties are investigated. Furthermore, PVP concentration at the synthesis to obtain well dispersed nanoparticle-suspension is examined.


Signifi cant damage to non-target plant species by a biological control agent could be inimical to the future of biocontrol, particularly if it is associated with widespread community concern. When an agent attacks exotic non-target species that are valued by some members of the community, then the issues become clouded and diffi cult to address. Aconophora compressa (Walker) was approved for release as an agent for biocontrol of Lantana camara L. in 1995, after 21 state and federal environmental and agricultural agencies reviewed and supported the submission. Aconophora compressa established in the fi eld and since 1999, when A. compressa populations became locally high, it has also attacked the introduced ornamentals fi ddlewood, Citharexylum spinosum L. and duranta, Duranta erecta L. Both plant species are popular garden plants, although fi ddlewood is no longer widely planted. Adults were also found on several other closely related species in the same family or closely related families. While rural landholders and land managers were demanding agents to assist in the management of lantana, Australia's worst environmental weed, residents in south-east Queensland were concerned that A. compressa was damaging their garden plants. The situation was both challenging and complex – placating angry homeowners, while trying to control a Weed of National Signifi cance. This paper discusses the issues, processes and outcomes involved with the handling of the A. compressa situation in south-east Queensland, covering science, extension, communication, policy and media.


The polynomial hierarchy, composed of the levels P, NP, PNP, NPNP, etc., plays a central role in classifying the complexity of feasible computations. It is not known whether the polynomial hierarchy collapses. We resolve the question of collapse for an exponential-time analogue of the polynomial-time hierarchy. Composed of the levels E (i.e., ⋓c DTIME[2cn]), NE, PNE, NPNE, etc., the strong exponential hierarchy collapses to its &Dgr;2 level. E ≠ PNE = NPNE ⋓ NPNPNE ⋓ ··· Our proof stresses the use of partial census information and the exploitation of nondeterminism. Extending our techniques, we also derive new quantitative relativization results. We show that if the (weak) exponential hierarchy's &Dgr;j+1 and &Sgr;j+1 levels, respectively E&Sgr;pj and NE&Sgr;pj, do separate, this is due to the large number of queries NE makes to its &Sgr;pj database.1 Our technique provide a successful method of proving the collapse of certain complexity classes.


Newborn screening has been one of the most successful public health programs and promoted all over the world.The availability of novel technologies in newborn screening programs has increased the number and complexity of ethical problems related to newborn screening programs.More attention should be paid to related ethical issues.The most important ethical principles including non malevocence,beneficence,autonomy,and justice will provide us with an optimal equilibrium between the potential benefits and the possible damages derived from newborn screening programs.


Copyright C 2019 by Korean Society of Spine Surgery This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Asian Spine Journal • pISSN 1976-1902 eISSN 1976-7846 • www.asianspinejournal.org Received Dec 12, 2018; Accepted Dec 20, 2018 Corresponding author: Omar Viswanath Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants, 645 E. Missouri Avenue, Suite 300, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA Tel: +1-480-467-2273, Fax: +1-602-648-4361, E-mail: email@example.com


Abstract : A method has been developed for the gas chromatographic estimation of trace quantities of phosgene as effluent into air. Solution concentrations as low as 1.5 x 10 to the -8 power gm of CG/ml can be accurately determined from air containing even thousandfold concentrations of HCl and CO2.


It has been reported that hypertensive renal damage occurs not only in the glomerulus but also in the renal tubule.However,the excretion of urinary proteins other than albumin has not been sufficiently evaluated in hypertensive patients.Theaim of this study was to study the effect of antihypertensive therapy with candesartan cilexetil on urinary protein excretion.Twenty-nine hypertensive patients were enrolled in it.The target of the antihypertensive therapy was less than 140/90mmHg or a reduction of more than 20/10 mmHg.In 20 patients,the therapy decreased blood pressure significantly (from161.1±14.3/95.3±11.6 mmHg to 132.7±7.6/82.8±7.0 mmHg) (p<0.001/p<0.001).Total urinary protein excretion wasalso significantly decreased (from 97.7±49.1 to 66.8±30.9 mg/gCr) (p=0.009).When urinary proteins were electrophoresed using SDS-PAGE,the content of 6 fractions (100 kD,82 kD,64 kD,23 kD,22 kD and 11 kD) was significantly decreased after treatment (p=0.024,0.044,0.009,0.048,0.044,and 0.017,respectively).In 9 patients in whom blood pressure was not lowered sufficiently,total urinary protein excretion and all of theabove urinary protein fractions were decreased,though not significantly.These results suggest that if antihypertensive therapy with candesartan cilexetil lowers blood pressure sufficiently,the excretionof total urinary protein and some glomerular and tubular urinary proteins would also be adequately decreased.Also,the influence of the treatment in this study on urinary protein excretion might differ depending on the urinary protein factions.


~e Z = x u is the relative vertical displacement of the mass M; x is the vertical displacement te mass M from its static position of equilibrium; u = q cos wt is the vertical displacement of base of the system; rp is the angular displacement of the pendulum; k0 and {30 are the linear non-linear characteristics of the spring, respectively; ho and Co are the damping coefficients .e vertical and angular motions, respectively. Supposing that the damping forces and the ratios"= qjl; p. = mj(M + m) are small, the rential equations of small vibrations are written as follows [1]:


The potential of device-to-device (D2D) communication lies in improving system performance and user experience. Thus, D2D communication is widely concerned. For the D2D communication system, this work investigates the D2D pairing problem to maximize the sum rate of all D2D pairs. To comprehensively compare the performance of different algorithms, three pairing mechanisms are proposed based on the graph theory and the matching theory. The simulation results show the impact of the network scale on the optimized results. And for small and large network scales, the Hungary algorithm and the minimum distance matching algorithm are selected as the D2D pairing mechanism, respectively.


Oxygen vacancies have been identified to play an important role in accelerating grain growth in polycrystalline perovskite-oxide ceramics. In order to advance the fundamental understanding of growth mechanisms at the atomic scale, classical atomistic simulations were carried out to investigate the atomistic structures and oxygen vacancy formation energies at grain boundaries in the prototypical perovskite-oxide material SrTiO3. In this work, we focus on two symmetric tilt grain boundaries, namely 5 (310)[001] and 5 (210)[001]. A onedimensional continuum model is adapted to determine the electrostatic potential induced by charged lattice planes in atomistic structure models containing grain boundaries and point defects. By means of this model, electrostatic artifacts, which are inherent to supercell models with periodic or open boundary conditions, can be taken into account and corrected properly. We report calculated formation energies of oxygen vacancies on all the oxygen sites across boundaries between two misoriented grains, and we analyze and discuss the formation-energy values with respect to local charge densities at the vacant sites.


One of the most common requirements in the software development projects is imposed by early estimation of the complexity and total costs. Various methods exist and they are constantly changing in order to enable faster and more comprehensive work and more accurate results. In this work authors present possible extension of Function Point Analysis, as one of the most widely used Functional Scaling Methods, in terms of enhanced processing of users' non-functional requests.


In this paper, we proposes a calibration method for terahertz SAR system, which can accurately calibrate the channel error by multi-impulse accumulation at low signal-to-noise ratio. Firstly, the range walk of point target is removed by range walk correction, and the region with less variation in the phase curve is used for multi-impulse accumulation; Secondly, the point target position is confirmed and the signal is converted to time domain, the phase information in the time domain signal is extracted, and the phase error function is obtained by linear fitting; finally, the phase error function is multiplied with the original time domain signal to complete the channel calibration. Compared with the original calibration method, the proposed method improves the adaptability and robustness for low SNR signals. It improves the phase compensation accuracy, and verifies the effectiveness of the method in the measured data of terahertz radar.


Superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction can be a complication in heart transplant recipients. We reviewed our experience with relief of SVC obstruction using endovascular stents in pediatric heart transplant recipients.


The book points the way to how individual executive and non-executive directors, including those responsible for family-owned and small and medium-sized companies, can add value to the corporation by applying independent judgement and by learning the art of directing and leading. This is a 'Cross-over book' which integrates best practice from the not for profit, charitable, public and private sectors.

The text includes advice about the ways that directors or trustees can develop resilience in their role and take the strain of directing in difficult circumstances and conform to their legal duties. The text includes a wide variety of case studies and models of practical governance designed to build an effective board.


The systematics of subtribe Dendrobiinae, Dendrobium, and Australian dendrobiums in particular, are reviewed. Molecular approaches have delimited the subtribe, established Asian and Australasian clades and clarified relationships at some levels within them. At most lower taxonomic levels within Dendrobium s.l., resolution has been partial. Morphological and molecular phylogenetics indicate that Dendrocoryne, Rhizobium and some other sections are not monophyletic, with morphological analyses providing the greatest resolution into groups corresponding with biogeography. For most sections, sampling is too incomplete to determine relationships and monophyly. Distribution, pollination syndromes, breeding systems, fertility and specialized anatomical features contribute little to classification. Natural hybrids are more common than previously stated and may have played a role in the high level of homoplasy and evolution of Australian epiphytes. There is little support for splitting Dendrobium into many genera and species based on terminal clades. The evidence is interpreted as favouring recombination of Cadetia, Flickingeria and Diplocaulobium within the conserved broad genus Dendrobium. Nomenclatural stability is retained in continuing to use the long-held subgeneric sectional classification, including many of the sections of Schlechter, and infraspecific ranks of subspecies and varieties. In Dendrocoryne, Thelychiton, Tropilis and Tetrabaculum are rejected, as is Dockrillia in Rhizobium. Proposals to elevate infraspecific taxa to species level for variable species complexes are not supported by current morphological or molecular data based on slowly evolving DNA regions. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 166, 105–126.


The effects of drying characteristics and color of two kinds of apricots, based on the treatment of dry-promoter and air-impingement blanching, were studied. The same kind of apricot treated by different ways shows different drying characteristics were presented; The different kinds of apricots treated by the same way show the similar drying characteristics; In especial, the drying rate of apricot treated by BDP is fastest. The different methods affected the apricot′s color (L, a and b), especially the value of b. Blanching make the value of b decrease.


This chapter of the book Religion and Architecture in Premodern Indonesia: Studies in Spatial Anthropology presents a list of cited works. The book discusses spatial anthropology, indigenous religions, landtaking rites, sacred groves, and temporary ritual structures set up to receive a deity, the 'ethical' nature of spirits in Indonesia in the early 1990s. It reviews local mythic tradition, and overviews the influence of indigenous religions on the form and interpretation of certain features of vernacular architecture in Indonesia. The book systematically presents relevant materials from many of the Indonesian ethnic groups.Keywords: landtaking rites; premodern Indonesia; sacred groves; spatial anthropology; spirits; temporary ritual structures


This article reports on an investigation into the attributions of success and perceived areas of strength and weakness of adult learners of English as a foreign language in the Department of Continuing Education at Minsk State Linguistic University, Belarus. The students attributed their limited progress in learning the foreign language mainly to the teacher's competence, the frequency and length of classes, the number of activities for listening and speaking, and consultations with the teacher. Little awareness was shown of the role played by their own learning skills. Comparisons with teachers' ratings of their performance and teachers' own attributions of student progress revealed significant divergences in attributions. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the development of learner responsibility, motivation and effective language teaching.


This paper reports on the design of a knowledge base for an automatic classification in the library science field, by using the facet classification principles of colon classification (CC). To do so, by designing and constructing a knowledge base that is able to be classified automatically, and by inputting titles or key words of volumes into the computer, it aims to create class numbers automatically through automatic subject recognition and processing of key words in titles through the facet combination method of CC. Especially, the knowledge base for classification was designed along with the principle of globe and cylinder, automatic classification which can be possible.


Silica supported perchloric acid(HClO4/SiO2) had been demonstrated to be a heterogeneous and versatile catalyst for a variety of organic transformations.The application of HClO4/SiO2 to organic synthesis was reviewed,mainly focusing on reactions of Mannich,Friedlnder,Hosomi-Sakurai,Hantzsch and synthesis of α-amino phosphonates,β-enamino ketones and homoallylic amines.At the same time,an outlook of its development and application was also given.


Patients with multiple sclerosis may benefit more from night-time rather than daytime infusion

Glass-Marmor and colleagues1 randomised 17 patients with multiple sclerosis in acute relapse to receive intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) in the morning or at night, together with infusion of placebo at the other time point, in an inpatient setting (see page 886) . When admitted for a subsequent relapse, those originally treated in the morning had intravenous MP at night, and vice versa. In this way, daytime and …


Objective:To explore the effect of platelet-derived growth factor ( PDGF) on the proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) activity and the expression of collagen α1(Ⅰ、Ⅲ)in the primary uterine leiomyoma cell cultures in vitro.Methods:The cultured human myometrial smooth muscle cells and leiomyoma cells were treated with recombinant human PDGF-AB (10 ng/ml), RT-PCR was performed for the detection of messenger RNA of PCNA and collagenα1(Ⅰ、Ⅲ). Moreover, PDGF-treated cells were prepared for the immunohistochemical staining for the detection of expression of PCNA protein.Results:The results of RT-PCR and the immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of PCNA increased significantly in the leiomyoma cells comparing to the myometrial cells after treatment with PDGF.And the mRNA of collagenα1(I)were higher in leiomyoma cells than that in the myometrial cells (P0.01),whereas there was no obvious difference in mRNA level of collagen α1(Ⅲ) between the leiomyoma cell and the myometrial cell.Conclusion:PDGF could stimulate the proliferation of leiomyoma cells and increase the component of extracellular matrix(ECM), which could play an important role in the formation and progression of leiomyoma.


Researchers have determined that regular use of aspirin, acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increases the risk of hearing loss in men, particularly in younger men under 60 years.


10587 Background: miRNAs play an important role in carcinogenesis through the regulation of different genes. miR-SNPs are a novel class of SNPs that can affect miRNA biogenesis and miRNA target sites and can alter miRNA expression and functions. We have evaluated 11 miR-SNPs in a series of 175 resected NSCLC p and correlated our findings with TTR.

METHODS
In 175 NSCLC p who underwent complete surgical resection between March 1996 and December 2009, we examined 11 miR-SNPs: 5 in miRNA genes (miR-194-2 rs11231898; miR-196a-2 rs11614913; miR-149 rs2292832; miR-423 rs6505162; miR-146a rs2910164); 3 in miRNA binding sites (KRT81 rs3660; FAM179B rs1053667; AFF1 rs17703261) and 3 in miRNA-processing machinery (XPO5 rs11077; RAN rs14035; TRBP rs784567 ). DNA was obtained from paraffin-embedded or fresh frozen tumor tissue and allelic discrimination assay with ABI Prism 7500 was performed.

RESULTS
p characteristics: mean age, 65 (35-85); 88% male; 149 (85.1%) PS 1; 98 (56%) stage I, 40 (22.9%) stage II, 37 (21.1%) stage III; 80 (45.7%) adenocarcinoma, 84 (48%) squamous cell carcinoma, 11 (6.3%) other histologies; 28 (16%) received adjuvant treatment, 9 (5.1%) received neoadjuvant treatment; mean follow-up 35 months (m); 75 (42.9%) p relapsed. Only stage (P=0.008) and KRT81 genotype were associated with TTR. Median TTR for 45 p (25.9%) with the CC genotype was 20.3 m vs 86.8 m for p with the CG or GG genotype (P=0.003). Among 98 p with stage I disease, median TTR was 23.9 m for 25 p (25.5%) with the CC genotype vs 100.2 m for p with the CG or GG genotype (P=0.002). In the multivariate analysis, KRT81 CC genotype (OR, 2.14; 95%CI, 1.29-3.55; P=0.003), stage I disease (OR, 0.36; 95%CI, 0.18-0.73; P=0.005) and male sex (OR, 5.25; 95%CI, 1.56-17.73; P=0.008) emerged as independent variables for TTR.

CONCLUSIONS
KRT81 rs3660 SNP may be a novel marker for TTR in resected NSCLC, mainly in stage I, where it can help to detect high-risk patients who may be candidates for adjuvant treatment.


The structure of cyclo[(-L-Phe 1-D-Ala 2)_n-] and cyclo- [(-L-Phe 1-D- MeN-Ala 2)_n-] (n=3~6) were completely optimized by using molecular mechanics and semi-empirical molecular orbital method AM1. The structural characteristics of these molecules for self-assembly were revealed. The influences of the substituent and ring size on molecular structure and self-assembly process were discussed in detail. The computational results show that [(-L-Phe 1-D- MeN-Ala 2)_n-] (n=3,5,6) cannot form disklike conformations, and further predict that [(-L-Phe 1-D-Ala 2)_n-] (n=3,5,6) can constitute nanotubes in addition to [(-L-Phe 1-D-Ala 2)_4-].


The Thames Water Authority has developed an integrated strategy for providing water supplies to London into the 21st Century. At the core of this strategy is the construction of over 60 km of deep tunnel (the London Water Ring Main) to convey water to the Capital's major demand centers. The Ring Main will radically alter the way in which water is supplied to London and a new approach is required for management and control of the system. This report describes an implementation plan for control of the London's future water supply system and outlines the decision support tools needed for the new initiative.


Abstract
Although the CMA Code of Ethics is only a 10-page booklet, revising it is proving to be complicated and time consuming. It is currently undergoing its first major revision in 25 years in an attempt to bring it up to date with changes within the medical profession and medical practice. The work was to have been completed in time for presentation to General Council during the 1995 annual meeting, but because of its complexity and the need for consensus the revised code will not be presented to council until August 1996.


The difference of radiosensitivity among dd-stains from 3 different breeders was studied in connection with the lethal dose of x radiation. In addition, the responses to nembutal (a type of anaesthetic), and the patterns of peripheral white blood cells were studied using the same animals. It was concluded that the variability of response was, in general, smaller in an inbred strain than in a random-bred one. The only exception was the body weight change after irradiation. (Abstr. Japan Med., 1: No. 9, 1961)


Acknowledgements - Introduction J.A.Corlett - PART 1: ANALYZING RAWLS - Kant and Rawls: Contrasting Conceptions of Moral Theory J.M.Grcic - Rawls on Natural Inequality M.Gorr - Defining the Least Advantaged R.C.Weatherford - Principles for Individual Action B.T.Wilkins & K.M.Zelikovitz - Rawls and Ownership: The Forgotten Category of Reproductive Labor S.Schwarzenbach - Reflective Equilibrium and Archimedian Points N.Daniels - The Claims of Reflective Equilibrium J.Raz - What is Wrong with Reflective Equilibria? D.W.Haslett - Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical J.Rawls - Does Ambiguity Lurk Behind the Veil of Ignorance in Rawls' Original Position? J.A.Corlett - Rawlsian Constructivism and Moral Theory D.O.Brink - Capitalism, Socialism, and Justice: Reflections on Rawls's Theory of Justice K.Nielsen - PART 2: ANALYZING NOZICK - Stability and Utopia: A Critique of Nozick's Framework Argument M.Fowler - Has Nozick Justified the State C.Sayward & W.Wasserman - Nozick and the Individualist Anarchist F.C.Young - Nozick's Argument for the Legitimacy of the Welfare State M.Davis - An Internal Critique of Nozick's Entitlement Theory G.Kavka - PART 3: ANALYZING AND RAWLS AND NOZICK - Rawls and Nozick: Justice Without Well-Being R.Ehman - Bibliography J.A.Corlett


The characterization of $H$-prime radical is given in many ways. Meantime, the relations between the radical of smash product $R # H$ and the $H$-radical of Hopf module algebra $R$ are obtained.


The dynamics of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.) stands in western North Dakota were studied to determine the influence of plant-produced chemicals on nitrification rates and competitive interactions within the stands. Ponderosa pine accounted for more than 98% of all tree and shrub stratum stems in this climax community. Low levels of nitrate-nitrogen relative to ammonium-nitrogen and low numbers of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter in the soils indicated that nitrification rates were low. Inhibition of nitrification is often attributed to low soil pH in coniferous forests, but the slightly alkaline soils in this study (pH 7.25-7.75) suggested that another factor caused the low nitrification. Evidence obtained suggested that the reduction in nitrate synthesis was due to the production and subsequent transfer to the soil of secondary plant chemicals that were toxic to Nitrosomonas. Chemical inhibitors of nitrification, including caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercitin, and condensed tannins, were found in extracts from ponderosa pine needles, bark, and A horizon soils. These extracts proved to be toxic to soil suspensions of Nitrosomonas causing reductions of from 68-93% of the control. These findings indicate that climax ponderosa pine communities minimize the conversion of ammonia-nitrogen to nitrate-nitrogen by chemically inhibiting nitrification. NITRIFICATION is the microorganism-mediated oxidation of ammonia to nitrate. Since nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) are the only inorganic forms of nitrogen known to be readily assimilated and utilized by plants, and since all plant species are not equal in their abilities to absorb and/or utilize nitrate-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen (Bigg and Daniel, 1978; Gigon and Rorison, 1972; Krajina, Madoc-Jones, and Mellor, 1973; Van Den Driessche, 1978), the absolute quantity of each form of nitrogen available to plants is of utmost importance to the mineral nutrition of those plants. The differential fitness among certain forest species may in part be directly related to their nitrogen uptake abilities in soils with a predominance of one or the other form of available inorganic nitrogen. Therefore, the presence or absence of appreciable nitrification is an important community 1 Received for publication 28 November 1979; revision accepted 21 January 1980. We are indebted to Elmer Finck, Lloyd Hulbert, Elroy Rice, Chris Smith, Peter Wong, and two anonymous reviewers for their invaluable critiques of various drafts of this manuscript. We would also like to convey our thanks to Dick Bares and Jim Crompton for assistance with the field work. Partial funding was provided by a grant from the North Dakota Regional Environmental Assessment Program and laboratory facilities were provided by Project Reclamation at the University of North Dakota. 2 Present address: Sec. of Ecology and Systematics, Langmuir Lab., Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850. characteristic which can influence the predominant mode of nitrogen uptake by plants. Recent research indicates that nitrification sometimes is inhibited by plant-produced chemicals which are toxic to one or both of the microorganisms (Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas) responsible for nitrate production in soils (Basaraba, 1964; Lodhi, 1977, 1978b; Munro, 1966a, b; Rice, 1964, 1974; Rice and Pancholy, 1972, 1973, 1974). The concomitant decreases in NO3-N that result from the curtailment of nitrification can have a significant positive impact on the mineral budget of an ecosystem because, as Likens, Bormann, and Johnson (1969) have shown, high nitrification rates can initiate large scale losses of anions and cations from forest communities. Rice and Pancholy (1972, 1973, 1974) have suggested that nitrification rates decrease along successional clines until they reach a minimum in climax communities. This minimum was shown to be related to plant-produced chemicals which inhibited nitrification in tallgrass prairie and deciduous forest climax communities. Additional information from other climax communities, which is needed to bolster or reject this hypothesis, has been lacking. Much confusion exists as to the relationship between soil pH and nitrification rate. Alexander (1961) and Brady (1974) indicate that nitrification is severely suppressed in acid soils (below pH 6.0), yet others (Likens, Bormann, and Johnson, 1969; Smith, Bormann, and Li-


LaMnO3 has attracted significant attention as energy conversion and storage materials, and especially as a promising noble-metal-free oxide catalyst and a new kind of electrode material for supercapacitors. However, the poor electronic transport ability of LaMnO3 hinders its application. Thus, improvement of its electronic transport ability is essential to enhance the electron transfer from catalyst active sites to an electrode, which is effective to avoid ohmic potential drop and consequently energy loss. In this work, the high-quality epitaxial growth La-deficiency La0.9MnO3 films were obtained by a simple and low cost polymer assisted deposition method. It is found that the room-temperature conductivity (σ) of doping La0.9MnO3 increases nearly ten times compared to that of the parent LaMnO3. The oxygen-content-driven enhancement of the conductivity is discussed for the oriented La0.9MnO3 film. It is suggested that the existence of the LaAlO3 substrate is beneficial to stabilize the La-deficiency La0.9MnO3 compound and A-site La-deficiency extends the range of oxygen content. Both strain (including epitaxial strain and doping induced chemical strain) and annealing temperature are cooperating on the oxygen content, resulting in the oxygen stoichiometry independence of ambient conditions and the high conductivity. Following this process, conductivity and electronic state of the perovskite-related material can be tuned for the practical application.


This thesis explores capital market outcomes and linguistic features of high-quality narrative reporting. U.K. narrative reporting awards proxy for quality: award-winners are high-quality. To explore capital market outcomes to narrative reporting quality, I use a matched-sample design (award-winners matched with non-award-winners) and find that high-quality annual report narratives are seemingly less informative to capital market participants. Further analysis indicates that high-quality annual report narratives are less informative than their matched counterparts at the annual report release date because firms with high-quality annual report narratives disclose information earlier than their peers. To explore the linguistic features of high-quality narratives, I use corpus linguistic methodology (specifically the concept of keyness) to identify themes and stylistic features that distinguish high-quality narratives from their non-high-quality counterparts. High-quality narratives disclose more strategy and forward-looking information than their non-high-quality counterparts, and are more accessible. Accessibility is defined by simple sentence structures, connectivity within the report, and relevancy markers. In further analysis, extant quality proxies of readability and tone fail to identify high-quality narratives.


The fifth generation of cellular networks (5G) will enable different use cases where security will be more critical than ever before (e.g. autonomous vehicles and critical IoT devices). Unfortunately, the new networks are being built on the certainty that security problems cannot be solved in the short term. Far from reinventing the wheel, one of our goals is to allow security software developers to implement and test their reactive solutions for the capillary network of 5G devices. Therefore, in this paper a solution for analysing proximity-based attacks in 5G environments is modelled and tested using OMNET++. The solution, named CRAT, is able to decouple the security analysis from the hardware of the device with the aim to extend the analysis of proximity-based attacks to different use-cases in 5G. We follow a high-level approach, in which the devices can take the role of victim, offender and guardian following the principles of the routine activity theory.


Spring‐loaded relief valves are one of the most common safety devices installed in pilot plants and laboratory bench‐top units. They are typically used in sizes much smaller than those in process units, but their performance is assumed to be equivalent. Most organizations provide only limited preventive maintenance and re‐inspection for these valves under the assumption that they are very reliable devices and operation is fairly assured.


Evaluation of long-term follow-up results after open transinguinal preperitoneal (TIPP) technique with preformed lightweight mesh (PLM).

 This unicentric study included all consecutive 102 patients(10 women, 92 men; 93 primary, 9 recurrent hernias) operated for a groin hernia by the same surgeon using the same technique between June 2008 – September 2009.
 All patients were postoperatively followed-up with a control after 1 month and a survey follow-up between 40 and 54 months after surgery with subsequent clinical control if something abnormal appeared in the survey in January 2013.
 Results up until January 2023 were retrieved from the Swedish Hernia Register.

 102 hernia repairs - 54 in general, 48 in local anesthesia.
 Clinical control after 1 month:
 There was no infection of the mesh, no clinical recurrence.
 -No reoperations were required.
 Questionnaire follow-up:
 -95 patients (93%) were followed-up.
 Slight, not permanent pain in 8.8% of patients who did not require the consumption of systematic painkillers and are not limited in their activities.
 No reoperations have so far been recorded in the Swedish Hernia Register with 81 patients still alive in long-term follow-up .

 -No recorded recurrences after 15 years of follow-ups is encouraging.
 -This technique consisted of the placement of a patch in the preperitoneal space, which combines the benefits of the anterior approach (i.e., easy and safe technique, short learning curve, local anesthesia, low cost) and the preperitoneal placement of the mesh (less recurrence, less pain). This procedure is a good alternative to eTEP technique.
 PLM=PolysoftMesh/Bard


Chat bots are the expert systems that understands and responds to the query asked by users in their own language. Chat bot responds in conversation just like how a human interact with each other. It works as a virtual assistant and its accuracy is determined by finding correlation between user's queries and answers provided by chat bots. Implemented Chat bot provides two modes like text mode and audio mode for better user experience. In audio mode it facilitates an interactive way of answering through voice messages. During Institute's Academic Admission procedure there is a huge queue at the enquiry window. Situation is even more difficult for the parents who reside in different cities, states, and countries. The goal of this system is to provide a platform for student and parents to ask queries and clear doubts through simple English language text messages or audio commands. Students and parents will amalgamate with bot instead of making queue at enquiry desk to ask queries related to admission procedure.


Elemental analysis of ferromanganese formations (first, determination of the ore elements) is a necessary stage in the development of ore deposits. A technique for X-ray fluorescence quantitative determination of iron, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc in oceanic ferromanganese formations (nodules and crusts) is proposed. The study was performed on wavelength-dispersive spectrometer S4 Pioneer (Bruker AXS, Germany) with LiF (200) crystal and scintillation detector. To plot the calibration curves, sets of certified reference materials of ferromanganese nodules, cobalt-bearing ferromanganese crusts and pelagic sediments, previously dried for 24 hours at 105°C to remove hygroscopic moisture were used. Two sample preparation techniques were compared: pressing of powder samples on a boric acid substrate and homogenization by fusion with lithium tetraborate in a ratio of 1 : 30 in an electric furnace at 1050 °C. For each sample preparation technique spectral overlaps and matrix correction methods (theoretical and empirical) were considered and optimal calibration curves for determination of ore elements were selected. The accuracy of the X-ray fluorescence technique was assessed in analysis of a certified reference material FeMn-1 and reference ferromanganese nodule sample using atomic absorption spectrometry on an M403 spectrometer (PerkinElmer, USA). Both homogenization by fusion and analysis of pressed samples provide quantitative X-ray fluorescence determination of the main ore elements and can be used to assess the industrial significance of oceanic ferromanganese formations.


The behavior of the wake behind a stationary circular cylinder and behind a rotating one near the critical Reynolds number was investigated in a low speed wind tunnel. In the case of a stationary cylinder, the critical Reynolds number was easily defined by the variation of the pressure coefficients on the upper and the lower surfaces of a cylinder. The periodicity of velocity fluctuation in the wake was suppressed by the appearance of the lift force acting on a cylinder at the critical Reynolds number. In the case of a rotating cylinder, as the spin parameter was increased, the peak frequency of spectrum of the velocity fluctuation in the wake was increased in the subcritical region, while it was decreased in the supercritical region. The variation of peak frequency in terms of the spin parameter shows the drastic changes with sudden decrease of lift coefficients. The intensity of the spectral peak was decreased as the absolute value of lift was increased. For the larger lift, the peak frequency did not appear in the spectral distribution. The relation between the intensity of the spectral peak and the variation of lift was similar to that of a stationary cylinder which experienced the lift at the critical Reynolds number.


Similarity was calculated based on data of two UV-spectrum curves,thus the sample quality was evaluated according to average value of similarity of UV-spectra between sample with each of standard samples.Feasibility of applying ultraviolet fingerprint spectrum in tobacco flavor quality control was examined with mixing tests.Results showed that:1) the calculated similarity with the proposed method can be sensitive to show difference between UV-spectra;2) ultraviolet fingerprint spectrum reflected quality of tobacco flavor exactly and quickly.The proposed method can be used to evaluate quality of the tobacco flavor according to similarity of two UV-spectrum curves.


Abtract—Banten is a relatively new province. It used to be a part of the Province of West Java but then established itself since year 2000 by the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 Year 2000 dated October 17, 2000 with their center of government at the city of Serang. Expansion of Banten from West Java was influenced by lots of stakeholders such as politicians, local bureaucrat, the citizens, and businessmen. From the businessmen side there's a local strongman named Kyai Haji Tubagus Chassan Sochib. History of Banten can't be described without the influence of Kyai Haji Tubagus Chassan Sochib, a powerful yet charismatic and highly respected cultural leader not just in the society but also in the government. The influence of Haji Chassan (that's how they called him) also really strong towards the village-heads, head of sub districts, regents, and officers with strategic positions because even though they were supported by the society, they won't get their position without approval from the cultural leaders. Haji Chassan's supreme influence made him a very dominant figure in Banten. Keyword : Chasan Sohib,Banten


Classic ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar dysfunction leading to unsteady gait in early childhood, oculomotor apraxia, and ocular and cutaneous telangiectasias.1,2 Other neurologic features such as movement disorders, dysarthria, and peripheral neuropathy are usually present, and non-neurologic features include sinopulmonary infections, immune dysfunction, endocrine disorders, malignancies, and an increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation. AT is caused by mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein, which is integral to cell cycle checkpoint control and repair of double-stranded DNA breaks.3 No known treatment for AT exists. AT may infrequently present in milder "variant" forms in which the neurologic features are not as rapidly progressive1,4,5; however, the risk of malignancy is likely elevated and such patients may also be radiosensitive.

In this issue of Neurology ®, Verhagen et al.6 compare the clinical and diagnostic features of 13 adults with variant AT to those of 6 patients with classic AT. While patients …


A novel of helical filter used in the cable television system has been brought forward and realized. The center frequency of the filter is 130MHz, the 3-dB bandwidth is 1.6MHz. The parallel double-cavity spiral line coupling structure has been adopted in this helical filter. This structure is convenient in producing process and fit to volume-producing. The full-wave analysis has been used in design model with software of HFSS9.0. The result of simulation and test prove its validity.


This paper proposes a synchronization method for transmitter parallel channels based on FPGA by measuring BER. In the experiment, we can realize the synchronization of 2-parallel channels with a bit rate of 25 Gbps.


. In the teaching methodology of the RFL, an explanatory educational dictionary of the Russian language is of paramount importance among all linguistic lexicographic works. Therefore, the methodologists–specialists of Russian have the important task of selecting sources for the card index of the educational explanatory dictionary. To do this, special selection principles must be worked out. It is quite obvious that the file of the educational explanatory dictionary is now a necessary condition for optimizing the preoccupation of the RFL. The card file created as the base of the educational explanatory dictionary of the modern Russian literary language (in the aspect of teaching RFL) should contain a huge amount of lexical and grammatical information that will greatly help in the learning process, as well as in organizing independent work of students. From the huge flow of printed literature for processing, it is necessary to select texts that in their totality adequately reflect the current state of the contemporary Russian literary language. Of the sources


The paper describes the instantaneous frequency of spin echo (IFSE) and instantaneous frequency of spin echoes series (IFSES) methods for the measurement of the gradient magnetic field time and spatial characteristics in MR systems. A comparison of the two described methods is presented as well as the time characteristics of gradients time decays. From the results obtained by measurement it follows that both methods are convenient for simple and quick characterization of the gradient magnetic field in MR tomographic magnets. Both methods, IFSES in particular, enable prolonging the time when the time characteristics are measurable with sustained accuracy.


Solving the multimode issue of sapphire fiber is of great significance for improving the performance and extending the application fields of sapphire fiber-based high-temperature sensors. Here, a mode field matching fusion splicing method between sapphire fiber and single-mode fiber was reported to obtain a quasi-single mode reflection spectrum from sapphire fiber Bragg grating (SFBG). By optimizing the splicing parameters, an overlapped double conical (ODC) splicing structure between sapphire fiber and single-mode fiber could be formed. The mode field matching between sapphire fiber and single-mode fiber could be well achieved by this structure, realizing the suppression of high-order modes in the reflection spectrum. A quasi-single mode reflection spectrum from SFBG was obtained based on this method with a full-width at half-maximum of 0.3 nm and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 8 dB. Further improvement has been made on this fusion splicing method by using pretapered single-mode fiber, and the SNR reached 14 dB. In addition, we combined our SFBG sensor with a commercial single-mode interrogator and achieved real-time temperature monitoring up to 1160 °C.


Octet ® systems come with distinct advantages including ease of use, throughput, low maintenance, and microfluids-free con-figurations, enabling them to provide GxP users with enhanced productivity and labor efficiency for lot release and in-process testing of Biologics. Octet ® instruments can be equipped with Octet ® 21 CFR Part 11 Software for compliance with regulatory requirements. Compliance is further enhanced with the availability of instrument qualification kits including IQOQ and PQ kits that ensure the platform performs as stipulated. This whitepaper includes a few examples in which Octet ® systems have been used under GxP compliance for different applications and shows the relative benefits over alternate technologies.


Abstract In this study, we investigate the capacitance‐voltage (C‐V) characteristics of metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) capacitors consisting of pentacene, as an organic semiconductor, and polymeric insulators such as poly(4‐vinylphenol) (PVP) or polystyrene (PS) prepared by spin‐coating process, to analyze the interfacial characteristics between pentacene and polymeric insulators. Compared with the device with PS, the MIS capacitor with PVP exhibited a pronounced shift in the flat‐band voltage according to the bias sweep direction. This hysteric feature in the C‐V characteristics is thought to be attributed to the trapped charges at the interface between pentacene and PVP owing to the hydrophilicity of PVP. From the experimental results, we can conclude that surface polarity of polymeric insulator has a critical effect on the interfacial properties, thereby affecting the bias stability of organic thin‐film transistors.


The effects of laminaran and alginic acid, which are present in brown algae as polysac-charides (dietary fiber), and makombu (Laminaria japonica) on the faecal microflora, pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and weight, and on the body weight were investigated in rats. In the case of 10% laminaran or 2% makombu-containing diets intake, the number of total viable count in faeces increased and faecal pH value dropped. On the other hand, in the case of 20% makombu- or 10% alginic acid-containing diets intake, the number of total viable count in faeces decreased and faecal weight increased. Faecal VBN increased with alginic acid dose. These results indicate that intake of brown algae allowed changes in intestinal flora and pH value.


........................................................................................................... 75 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 76 Methods ............................................................................................................ 78 Results ............................................................................................................. 86 Discussion ........................................................................................................ 94 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... 98 Conflict of interest ............................................................................................. 98 References ..................................................................................................... 100 CHAPTER 5: FINAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS ........................................ 106 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 107 vi Comparison to relevent literature and discussion of main findings .................. 107 Summary ........................................................................................................ 110 Strengths and limitations................................................................................. 111 Recommendations .......................................................................................... 112 Chance and confounding factors .................................................................... 113 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 113 References ..................................................................................................... 115 APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................... 119 TURN IT IN REPORT ............................................................................................................ 120 LETTER OF APPROVAL FOR THE SUB-STUDY (HART Committee) ................................. 121 ETHICS APPROVAL FOR THE SUB-STUDY (Health Research Ethics Committee) ............. 122 ETHICS APPROVAL FOR THE SABPA STUDY (Health Research Ethics Committee) ........ 124 LANGUAGE EDITOR'S CERTIFICATE ................................................................................. 125


A one-pass process with combinations of charged and discharged area developments is used for three-level highlight color imaging. The process yields excellent gradation images between black and color because of perfect color registration. However, there are some special problems of fringe images, blurring, and appearance of white spots in the second color images, etc. Employing a very low resistance developer can overcome these problems. As a consequence, though, this type developer results in developing instability due to charge leakage. A highly stable three-level process without these problems is proposed which employs a higher resistance developer without charge leakage and applies a newly developed edge effect control technology and the first color developing station with dual rotation rollers. This process provides excellent highlight color images.


Angelic inspirations imply infusing knowledge into the human heart from God which provokes him to do an act or refrain from doing an act. This paper aims at investigating Mulla Sadra and Ibn Turka viewpoints regarding angelic inspirations. Ibn Turka has refered to a small part of angelic inspirations namely prophets revelation implicitly and briefly and not in an independent section. Stating inspirations and their causes, Mulla Sadra divides them into two groups namely, inspirations that invite to good acts which are beneficial for the Hereafter and temptations that invite to evil acts that are harmful for the Hereafter. One of the points of parity between Ibn Turka and Mulla Sadra is their mastery of Holy Quran verses which is evident in stating angelic inspirations, yet Quranic orientation of Ibn Turka is less than Mulla Sadra.


The data-sharing in cloud computing will enable many users to share the data. This helps in accessing the information easily and to share the data efficiently. The healthcare data will have to be shared amongst different healthcare centers and the medical practitioners. This involves security issues while sharing the healthcare data within a group. We provide the group model for sharing of data that is based on block based design where the group members will perform the key agreement to get the common group key that helps to shares the data securely. The fault tolerant property is provided by this design which can detect the malicious attackers during the group data sharing. The proposed group data-sharing is compared with the existing data sharing models w.r.t. the time cost of computation for group key generation and sharing of data.


In order to numerically invert Laplace transforms to calculate probability density functions (pdf's) and cumulative distribution functions (cdf's) in queueing and related models, we need to be able to calculate the Laplace transform values. In many cases the desired Laplace transform values (e.g., of a waiting-time cdf) can be computed when the Laplace transform values of component pdf's (e.g., of a service-time pdf) can be computed. However, there are few explicit expressions for Laplace transforms of component pdf's available when the pdf does not have a pure exponential tail. In order to remedy this problem, we propose the construction of infinite-series representations for Laplace transforms of pdf's and show how they can be used to calculate transform values. We use the Laplace transforms of exponential pdf's, Laguerre functions and Erlang pdf's as basis elements in the series representations. We develop several specific parametric families of pdf's in this infinite-series framework. We show how to determine the asymptotic form of the pdf from the series representation and how to truncate so as to preserve the asymptotic form for a time of interest.


C-Metabolic Flux Analysis (C MFA) has become a high-precision technique to estimate metabolic fluxes and get insights into metabolism. This method consists of experimental procedures, measurement techniques and data analysis calculations. In this context, metabolic engineering research groups demand accurate and suitable computational tools to perform the calculations. Here, we present a software implemented in MATLAB platform that performs C MFA calculation, with metabolite and isotopomer balances, as well as a module to estimate the fluxes. At present, the program has been applied to many classical cases, and the results were comparable to those of well-established literature.


Due to the nature of composite materials, it is almost impossible to manufacture defect-free parts. The presence of micro-defects, such as porosity, is commonly observed, and it is been shown that porosity has a detrimental effect on the matrix-dominated mechanical properties. Most researchers have attempted to evaluate the behaviour of composites with defects by correlation of the average void content to the particular mechanical property. However different materials, stacking sequences and processing parameters can affect the distribution and morphology of the pores. It is crucial to understand the variations in void morphology, such as the pore size, shape or distribution, and how these parameters affect the progressive failure behaviour of composite structures. In this work, two carbon/epoxy toughened prepreg systems were investigated, namely the Hexcel IM7/and the Hexcel IMA/M21. To introduce inter-ply voids, cross-ply laminates were manufactured using a novel controlled heat and pressure curing process. To characterise the voids, micro X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) was used, giving high resolution information about pore size, location and shape in three dimensions. This information was used in this study to develop a methodology to characterise the effects of porosity on the matrix-dominated material properties.


The invention relates to a circuit structure for realizing image-frequency rejection of a high-low local oscillation frequency mixer. The circuit structure comprises an intermediate frequency signal filter, a control switch, a first frequency mixer, a second frequency mixer, a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter and a summing unit. When the circuit structure for realizing image-frequency rejection of the high-low local oscillation frequency mixer is adopted, the phases of two local oscillation signals are orthogonal and respectively shifted minus 135 degrees and minus 45 degrees under the existence of high local oscillation and low oscillation frequency-mixing schemes, so that the image-frequency interference generated by high-low local oscillation situation is effectively eliminated, the designed image-frequency rejection circuit is self-adaptive and can automatically identify whether an external signal is a useful signal or an image signal, when the local frequency and the signal frequency are changed, the rejected image frequency automatically changes, so the effect that the image frequency is self-adaptively rejected is played, the circuit structure can reach the image-frequency rejection degree of 85 dBc by adopting a precise resistor and the same frequency mixers, can be applied to frequency bands with requirements on simultaneously processing high and low local oscillation image-frequency rejection and is more extensive in application range.


Under the Kyoto protocol in face to the global climate change problem, the global carbon emissions trading market initiated. It is very urgent to the construction of the carbon trading market in China. But our market cannot copy the mode of developed countries, it should be to find a way suitable for the situation of our country's carbon emissions. In order to achieve the goal of China's carbon intensity reduction goal, this paper sets up three kinds of carbon trading scenes, including market trading of cross-industry, cross-regional and inter-temporal. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of market trading mechanism, three scenes of carbon trading have situated the corresponding supporting policies to guide market and administrative means to manage trading. It can promote the healthy development of the carbon trading market in China.


Wetlands are a key livelihood resource in southern Africa. Historically they have been managed using local knowledge systems, but these systems have in many instances been undermined by colonial and postcolonial legal requirements. The IUCN's Ramsar initiative, supported by organisations such as BirdLife International and the WWF, seeks to protect wetland resources. This qualitative study examined the political ecology of the Kapukupuku and Waya areas of the Lukanga wetlands in Zambia, designated a Ramsar site. This designation has given rise to competing 'narratives' by politicians and local community leaders over how Lukanga should be managed and used, and the resulting conflict is threatening its sustainability. The paper warns that the various parties' arguments are value-laden and that power asymmetry threatens to exclude poor local communities. Policy must take power interests into account to ensure that developments in the name of the poor really do benefit the poor.


This article covers the questions of partnership between school and university in new reality caused by the introduction of the unified state examination.


The college must develop the culture productivity vigorously to set up harmonious society,and to create abundant culture for harmonious society.Put the science development view into talented persons cultivation,science research and social service.


The current governance structure of listed companies in China is lack of the system of the information disclosure committee.Firstly the article has analyzed the causes of information disclosure;Secondly,From various angles the article has discussed the necessity and feasibility of the disclosure Commission to set,and presented the information disclosure Commission's preliminary system design concept.


In human history, plants and animal derived compounds have played a key role in treating human diseases like cancer, diabetes, and atherosclerosis i.e. wheatgrass, aloevera, curcumin, alfalfa, garlic, ginger, German chamomile, grapefruit, green tea, milk, cow urine (Woodford, 2006). Wheatgrass juice is a rich source of chlorophyll as well as Vitamins A, C, E and B complex. It contains a plethora of minerals like calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline earth metals, potassium, zinc, boron, and molybdenum (Woodford, 2011). Chlorophyll is believed to be the pharmacologically active component in wheatgrass, acting as an anti-diabetic agent (Shirude, 2011). Cow urine contains nitrogen, sulphur, phosphate, sodium, manganese, iron, silicon, chlorine, magnesium, maleic, citric, tartaric and calcium salts, vitamin A, B, C, D, E, minerals, lactose, enzymes, creatinine, hormones and gold acids (Gosavi et al., 2011). Ingredients of cow urine are similar with human body. Hence consumption of cow urine is useful to maintain the balance of these substances and cures incurable diseases like diabetes, AIDS, cancer (Randhawa, 2010). Milk contains about 85% water. The remaining 15% is the milk sugar lactose, protein, fat and minerals. Beta-casein is about 30% of the total protein content in milk (Bell et al., 2006). Milk is divided into two groups A1 and A2. A2 milk is the milk that contains only the A2 type of beta-casein protein whereas A1 milk contains only A1 beta casein (Bech and Kristiansen, 1990). A1 milk produces BCM-7 on its digestion which is believed to be involved in autism, schizophrenia and other noncommunicable disorders. A2 milk is harmless whereas A1 milk is harmful for health (Ng-Kwai-Hang and Grosclaude, 2002). A2 milk is found basically in indigenous cows and buffaloes of India (Laugesen and Elliott, 2003). Evaluation of comparative antidiabetic efficacy of cow urine, A2 milk, wheatgrass juice and antidiabetic agent Sristi Singh , Yogendra Mavai *


The process of designing of an electromechanical transducer consists of three phases: the theoretical analysis, research (modelling and simulation), and the implementation and testing in the laboratory. Computer technologies allow the quick transition between subsequent phases of research, but also their parallel running. This paper presents the possibility of using LabView and JMAG for this purpose. The techniques: Hardware in the Loop (HIL) and Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) in the field of computer-aided design of electromechanical transducers have been described.


ObjectiveTo report outcomes of treating open pelvic fractures with external fixation and vacuum sealing drainage.MethodsSeven open pelvic fractures patients were treated at our hospital from November 2004 to April 2010. They were 3 males and 4 females, aged from 2 to 43 years (mean, 29. 3years). The fractures were caused by traffic accidents (4 cases), falling (one case), smashing (one case) and crushing (one case). According to the Tile classification, 5 were type B1, one was type B2 and one type C1.All were complicated with injuries to soft tissue and organs. By the Gustilo-Anderson classification, open injury was all type Ⅲ, involving soft tissues around the ilium, hip, perineum and inguina. The injury severity score (ISS) ranged from 29 to 57(average, 40.4) . The fractures were treated with external fixation and the wounds with vacuum sealing drainage.ResultsOne patient died during early treatment and 3 had to sustain amputation of the acetabulum. Six patients were followed up for 1.5 to 67 months (mean, 27.6 months). Five patients reported good functional response in fracture healing and fine wound repairing outcome.One case reported good tissue generation after wound skin grafting and fundamental fracture healing. Two cases respectively reported erectile dysfunction of penis and functional disorder of defecation.ConclusionIn treatment of open pelvic fractures, external fixation and vacuum sealing drainage can effectively stabilize the pelvic ring and reduce bleeding and complications as well.

Key words:
Pelvis; Fractures, open; External fixator; Drainage


The study investigated the impact of post-failure properties of the rock mass on the stress-deformation state in the vicinity of the underground excavation and the pressure exerted on the support. An analytical solution to the problem was presented, including the creation of inelastic zones in the vicinity of the excavation: ideal-plastic zone with residual strength and plastic zone with mild decrease of rock medium strength and taking into account the dilatancy. The analysis of the obtained dependencies was carried out using geotechnical parameters characterizing the Carboniferous rock mass of a hard coal mine. The influence of the plastic zone was determined with a mild decrease in strength to the state of stress, deformation and pressure on the rock mass support. The results of the considerations were compared with the solution, which omitted the softening of the rock mass and the solution based on the model of the elastic-plastic-brittle medium. The results of the analysis broaden the knowledge on the behavior of the rock medium in the vicinity of the excavation. The obtained solution can be further developed in order to enable its practical application, especially under the conditions in which the behavior of the rock medium in the vicinity of the excavation well reflects the elastic-plastic model with a gentle drop in the strength of the rock material.


Abstract : Numerical experiments in two- and three-dimensions, performed with a high-fidelity algorithm, are employed to explore plasma-actuator-based control of flow past a stalled NACA 0015 wing section. The time accurate force field from a self-consistent asymmetric-electrode arrangement at 5kHz (continuous wave) is coupled to the Navier-Stokes equations at a nominal Reynolds number of 45, 000 and angle-of-attack of 15o. When the actuator is placed slightly downstream of the separation point, the mean and asymptotic flow response include formation of a wall-jet and inhibition of separation. Features of the unsteadiness directly associated with the forcing, as well as that due to shedding occurring near the trailing edge are delineated. The results suggest that both streamwise and normal (towards the wall) components of force play important roles. A simpler phenomenological model is also employed to examine flow control in the full 3-D setting. At higher Reynolds number, 90, 000, the flow becomes turbulent immediately downstream of the leading edge and remains attached in the mean. The effect of the actuator in this situation is to laminarize the flow together with the formation of a wall-jet. When the actuator location is moved to the point of maximum thickness, laminar separation is induced near the leading edge with subsequent breakdown to turbulence. When stall is observed, at 18 deg angle of attack, placing the actuator near the leading edge yields the anticipated laminar wall jet on the upper surface. The effect of actuator force strength on separation suppression is examined in terms of the combined effect of transition to turbulence and near wall momentum enhancement. Finally, the effect of pulsing is documented at Reynolds number 45, 000 with 20%duty cycle and interpulse periods of 0.7 and 0.25 characteristic times respectively.


This study provides information about the physicochemical properties and performance of activated carbon combined with copper to remove paracetamol from waste models. The activated carbon (AC) comes from coconut shell charcoal. CuCl2 was used as the copper source which then combined with activated carbon (AC). The AC was obtained by activating the coconut shell charcoal using KOH and 500°C calcination for 10 minutes. Carbon functionalization were done using H2SO4 6M as an oxidizer and temperature of 80°C for 3 hours. The impregnation of activated carbon with CuCl2 produces CuCl2/AC, then the CuCl2/AC was reacted with NaOH 5M to form precipitation of Cu(OH)2/AC. CuO/AC composite was finally produced by calcining the Cu(OH)2/AC to 950°C for 5 minute. The composite was characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRF and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption of paracetamol with CuO/AC composite gave the best results with 95.56% efficiency.


This research concentrates on wax-resin lining, a treatment method applied to damaged paintings in which an additional canvas is attached to the original support by means of an adhesive of wax and resin. In this article, the lining method of the Dutch restorers Johannes Albertus Hesterman (1848-1916) and his sons Frederik Coenraad (1873-1932) and Johannes Albertus Jr (1877-1955) will be reconstructed based on archival records.