Many children with communication impairments whose educational needs cannot be met in mainstream classrooms receive additional resource support in classroom units that specialise in the coordination and provision of academic teaching and speech language therapy in the UK. This study estimated the prevalence of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) among the children attending these classroom units. In nine classroom units with a total of 147 pupils, the prevalence of SLI was estimated to be 13%. The receptive-expressive SLI group comprised 10% of the sample, and the expressive-only group comprised 3%. An additional borderline language-impaired group was identified by only one of the four language measures used, that is, sentence repetition. It is argued that the abilities of specialised classroom units to meet the educational needs of children with SLI and other communication impairments may be challenged by an increasingly diverse intake.


The invention provides a method and device for updating the TDS outer ring power control signal to noise ratio. The method includes the steps of obtaining a Present_BLER, a Present_SNR_Target, a Present_UpStep and a Present_DownStep; judging whether the Present_BLER is larger than a preset BLER_Target; determining the UpStep_Target of an SNR_Target according to the Present_SNR_Target and the Present_UpStep if the Present_BLER is larger than the preset BLER_Target; determining the DownStep_Target of the SNR_Target according to the Present_SNR_Target and the Present_DownStep if the Present_BLER is not larger than the preset BLER_Target; updating the SNR_Target according to the Present_SNR_Target, the UpStep_Target and / or the DownStep_Target. According to the method and device, the SNR_Target can work in a linearity region and is prevented from being too large or small for a long time, an outer ring power control mechanism and an inner ring power control mechanism can be better matched, and wireless link quality fluctuation is reduced.


This paper suggests a new control algorithm for On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) of wind farm main transformer that is responsible for voltage regulation of collector network. The conventional control scheme adjusts the voltage of LV side of transformer without considering the wind turbine voltages. The voltage of end-string wind turbines may reach the upper or lower limits of Over or Under-Excited operation regions. Voltages close to upper or lower limits bounds the reactive power capability (generation or consumption) of wind farm due to dependency of wind turbine reactive power capability to voltage. Operation of wind turbine at extreme voltages may stress its power electronic devices. Furthermore, minor disturbances at either grid or power plant may trigger the protection system and interrupt generation due to vicinity of operation point to protection thresholds. The suggested technique integrates the OLTC control into the power plant controller and considers both LV side voltage of transformer and wind turbine voltages. By monitoring the wind turbine voltages, the voltage setpoint of OLTC is adjusted to provide voltages closer to middle of range for wind turbines that prevents the wind turbines from reaching the voltage limits. Dynamical simulations conducted in DigSILENT PowerFactory software for both Under-Excited and Over-Excited operation regions demonstrate desired performance for the suggested technique.


The Virginia Department of Transportation currently uses the results of automated video distress surveys to develop a pavement maintenance budget based on a needs assessment. However, these data consist only of quantities of distress that were visually observable at the pavement surface; no information regarding the actual structural capacity of the pavement system was available. Therefore, it is likely that maintenance activities assigned to certain locations are not the optimal treatment because of conditions unseen at the surface. This study presents the results of a network-level FWD survey of Virginia's interstate system and describes an implementation process where the data are used in an updated decision tree structure. The results of this study can be used by pavement design and management engineers to ensure that maintenance funding is optimally spent and to develop condition forecasting tools to assist with future funding allocations based on the structural capacity of the pavement.


The article examines the relationship between the introduction of unconditional basic income (UBI) and the satisfaction of needs according to the motivation theories of A. Maslow, D. McClelland, and others. UBI is a guaranteed minimum, which the state pays to every citizen, regardless of his contribution to the economy. It has been found that the idea of UBI has a long history, but its academic research began only in the second half of the 20th century due to the topic's potential in reforming the social protection systems of developed countries. The purpose of the article is to assess the satisfaction of human needs as a result of the introduction of UBI in the context of various socio-economic systems (capitalism, socialism, socialism with Chinese characteristics, and communism). During the research, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were used. The content of motivation theories as a whole is highlighted and their evolution is briefly outlined. It is determined that the basic income should ensure the satisfaction of the fundamental needs of the first and second levels and contribute to increasing the level of the individual's needs. It is shown that the implementation of the UBI in socio-economic systems built on the foundations of various ideologies is most likely to lead to positive consequences, despite the existing limitations. It is concluded that the main result of USI's application will be the weakening of competition for resources and the formation of potential for the individual's self-development, which would contribute to the growth of human capital. At the same time, it is emphasized that it is not impossible to solve, with the help of basic income the fundamental problems of inequality, which is characteristic of both developing and developed countries, and which causes competition. Through further research, it will be possible to develop more effective and balanced approaches to the use of basic income in economic systems, taking into account the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.


Glycyrrhizin (synonym: glycyrrhizinic acid) is a substance which has fifty times the sweetening power of sucrose as well as a distinct liquorice taste. Glycyrrhizin occurs (up to 14%) as the potassium and the calcium salt in the roots of the liquorice plants Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. glandulifera and G. typica which are being cultivated in Europe and the Near East. It is the 2ß-glucuronido-α-glucuronide of glycyrrhetic acid (Römpp, 2003). The glycyrrhizin-containing liquorice juice extracted from plants serves as the raw material for the production of liquorice products. [...]


In the context of energy generation and distribution networks, the emergence of smart grids has enabled bidirectional energy as well as information flow between energy users and utility grids, transforming traditional energy consumers into economically motivated prosumers, who not just consume energy but also generate green energy, and share the surplus with the main utility grid. Several studies have been carried out to manage the prosumers, and the concept of Prosumer-Community Groups (PCG) has provided a promising approach to achieve that end. However, this concept is still in its infancy and the related aspects have not been comprehensively studied so far. Therefore, in this research paper, we address the formation of PCG. The proposed framework classifies the prosumers' energy-sharing behaviours, while detecting the outliers, and characterises PCG. Further, we also demonstrate the practical functionality of the proposed framework using a prosumer data set.


This paper describes concept and application and technology for printed electronics. Other describes the relation of printed electronics with printed circuit boards.


An agent is often required to act based on the information its environment or of other agents. It is possible that such information is not available to the agent even though another agent might have such information. Hence, a difficulty is knowing which of the other agents to contact for a piece of information that is required. We present a solution to this problem by using agent models that estimate the knowledge of other agents in conjunction with the predictive memory model of Bowling et al [1] to pro-actively send gossip to other agents. Empirical evidence observed from experiments suggest that a proactive approach to information sharing can indeed be effective in making the relevant information available to the agents under certain assumptions.


The anti-crisis management of the economy and national security of the Russian Federation in modern conditions (pandemics, hybrid wars, competitive restrictions and anti-Russian propaganda from the West), approaches to Western sanctions as new opportunities for the development of the Russian Federation are considered. The ways of developing an innovative economy and increasing the productivity of aggregate labor as the main sources that ensure the accelerated development of the country are outlined. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of social partnership, economic and financial crises in the trends of macro - and micro-development, the role of investment as a financial source of anti-crisis management. The theoretical and practical foundations of the insolvency (bankruptcy) of enterprises and individual entrepreneurs, the methodology of the enterprise's recovery from the crisis, forecasting the results of anti-crisis management are described.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate students and teachers of higher educational institutions of economic specialties, as well as researchers, managers and managers of firms.


Bimetallic Fe/Mn nanoparticles and N-doped carbon nanotubes in FeMn@NCNT synergistically activate peroxymonosulfate to form SO4˙−, ˙OH, O2˙− and 1O2 for decomposing acetamiprid.


DECADES ago, in the era of the "cultural revolution" (1966-1976), love and marriage bore a heavy political burden; the little red book (Quotations of Chairman Mao) was presented in place of a wedding band, or generally served as a token of love and engagement. Imagine how outlandish it seems to young people today to read love letters that pine: "I hope you can arrange your work, study and life well, so as to sustain your ideals and revolutionary zeal, and not degrade into an uncouth and lowly person." But such sentiments were typical 40 years ago in decent young men and women, who often delivered revolutionary pep talks instead of whispering "sweet nothings."


The 'known' properties of interstellar dust are reviewed. Silicates are present because of the 9.7-micron feature in both circumstellar and interstellar dust. The near-infrared emission bands (3.3-11.4 microns, with continuum extending to longer wavelengths) strongly suggest that aromatic materials of some kind are present. A variety of considerations suggest that large graphite grains are probably absent, but smaller graphite particles are probably the most viable explanation for the 2175 A 'bump'. Considerations mentioned at this meeting regarding several properties of grains are then discussed: the UV continuum, the 2175 A 'bump', and various grain theories.


From the Medical and Surgical Cardiovascular Sections, St. Vincent Charity Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio. This study was supported by a grant from the United Health Foundation, Ashland, Ohio. * Supported by a grant from the United Health Foundation, Ashland, Ohio. Among the many operations designed to improve coronary insufficiency, Vineberg's procedurel has been recently recommended with enthusiasm.2 2


Recent environmental monitoring systems are based on Satellite-based Sensor Networks (SSN) where earth stations (Sinks) gather messages from sensors and use the satellite channel to send sensible information to remote monitoring sites. In these systems, the Sink selection process may play a crucial role and needs to be investigated. The work includes: an introduction of the SSN scenario considered; a brief description of the Sink selection method aimed at guaranteeing the optimization of the energy consumption and, simultaneously, of the message transfer delay; a deep performance investigation, which represents the main contribution of this paper, carried out by simulation, of the studied technique.


Abstract: MDS (Maximum Distance Separable) matrices have an important role in the design of block ciphers and hash functions. The methods for transforming an MDS matrix into other ones have been proposed by many authors in the literature. In this paper, some new results about direct exponent and scalar multiplication transformations are given including the preservation of good cryptographic properties (the coefficient of fixed points and involutory property) of MDS matrices and other important cryptographic properties obtained from studying equivalence relations based on these transformations. An estimation of the number of  MDS matrices over  is also presented. In addition, these results are shown to be an important theoretical basis for building efficient dynamic diffusion layer algorithms for block ciphers.


The study presented here examines highly polysemous verbs in a cross-linguistic perspective, on the basis of data from a multilingual translation corpus of English, French and Dutch (PLECI corpus). Using the notion of mutual translatability (Altenberg 1999), it shows that the sense of a highly polysemous verb which is most likely to be translated by its direct equivalent in the other language is the prototype (e.g. the sense of "handing" for the verb 'give'). Following Lado (1972: 283), who refers to "the most powerful factor in acquiring the vocabulary of a foreign language, namely, the vocabulary of the native language", it will be argued that the prototypical sense should therefore be taught first to students, since it capitalises on the resemblance between the foreign language and the mother tongue. This contrastive evidence, furthermore, is supplemented by cognitive evidence, which demonstrates that the learning of a category is more effective when exposure is through a prototypical, rather than non-prototypical, member (see Mervis & Pani 1980). While such a position clearly runs counter to recent claims made by corpus linguists who insist on the most frequent usage in Foreign Language Teaching (the delexical sense in the case of highly polysemous verbs), it shows that "the enterprise of directly applying research to teaching, syllabus design or materials development is fraught with dangers and must proceed with caution" (Wong 1983: 161) and that monolingual corpora are not the only source to take into account when considering what should be taught to foreign learners.


A case of cardiac fibroma in a 58-year-old woman with a history of atrioventricular block is described. The patient died suddenly at home 6 days following the insertion of a pacemaker. Review of the pertinent literature is presented.


High anorectal malformation is a rare, genetic, non-syndromic subtype of anorectal malformation, resulting from a developmental defect during embryogenesis, characterized by a wide spectrum of anorectal anomalies, with or without a rectourogenital fistula, located above the pubococcygeal line (i.e. anorectal agenesis, rectal agenesis, atresia, or stenosis). Patients may present with meconuria, pyuria, strangury, and fecal and urinary incontinence.


We propose universal interaction for networked home appliances, which is a simple mechanism to fill the gap between traditional user interface systems and advanced user interaction devices. Our system enables us to control appliances in a uniform way at any place, and the system allows us to select suitable input and output devices according to our preferences and situations. Also, the devices can be changed dynamically according to a user's preferences.


This study was undertaken as part of a review of Ulmus L. for the forthcoming Flora of the Isle of Man. We have adopted molecular and morphological methods to reassess the identity of Ulmus on the Isle of Man and to explore the possibility that past records of English Elm, a single genotype cultivar called U. minor 'Atinia', were misidentifications. First, we utilised seven DNA microsatellite markers to test clone identity in a collection of 23 elms from across the Isle of Man. Sixteen samples were matched to a reference sample of Dutch Elm, U. × hollandica 'Major', and one sample was matched to a reference sample of English Elm. In parallel, we appraised a method employed to identify English Elm using a leaf shape metric, and found that leaf width divided by length values > 0.69 are indicative of this clone. Both molecular and morphological results in this study highlight that Dutch Elm has been misidentified as English Elm in the past, and that English Elm may in fact be a rare occurrence on the Island. The susceptibility of U. × hollandica 'Major' to Dutch Elm Disease suggests that the unusually slow spread of the disease on the Island is unlikely to be the result of local disease resistance in the elm population. One possibility that we explore is that the Scolytus beetle vector may experience suboptimal climatic conditions that could be limiting its dispersal, thereby reducing the rate of spread of infection.


Groundwater is one of the natural resources with the potential for domestic, agricultural and industrial consumption. However, in the Khorat and Sakon Nakhon basins, Northeastern Thailand, the use of groundwater for such purposes has been restrictive. This is because of the salinization of aquifers generated by rock salt present below the aquifers. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the capability of an electromagnetic survey for subsurface characterization in the Khorat and Sakon Nakhon basins. We conducted electromagnetic sounding and profiling in the two areas with known subsurface geology and hydrological processes. We have found that the electromagnetic survey can provide the mapping of an interface between fresh water and saline water of an unconfined aquifer. It provides also a rough diagnosis of near surface rock salt body. Introduction The Khorat and Sakon Nakhon basins in Northeastern Thailand (Figure 1) cover an area of 46,000 km 2 which is approximately 28% of the entire Northeastern region (Satarugsa, et al., 2005). Rapid increasing levels of salinity in soil and water are among the growing geo-environmental problems in these Khorat and Sakon Nakhon basins. High concentrations of salt in soil cause reduction in agricultural produce while high concentrations of salt in water cause brackish to saline surface water and groundwater. White granular salt is exposed on the ground in several places especially during summer time period. A number of communities lacking water supply have been reported to gradually increase. The geo-environment problem of soil and water salinity in Khorat and Sakon Nakhon basins is caused by natural dissolution of rock salt bodies that contain within the basins. However human activities such as over pumping of groundwater, inappropriate salt production activity, deforestation have accelerated further the natural dissolution of the rock salt. Results from boreholes and regional seismic data have shown depths to the rock salt vary largely between places which could be a few meters or thousands meters apart (Satarugsa, et al., 2005). Management of the increasing salinity levels in soil and water requires thorough understanding of subsurface geology and hydrological processes. A three dimension subsurface geology especially the depth to the top of the rock salt bodies need to be characterized and localized together with groundwater flows and pathways through subsurface. The groundwater flows and pathways could reveal vertical and lateral mobility of salt while they could provide also information on salt accumulation and salt migration. Distributions of fresh-saline groundwater with depth could also be defined by the groundwater flow pathways. The subsurface geology and hydrological process knowledge thus could play a role in management of problems associated with increasing soil and water salinity in the Khorat and Sakon Nakhon basins.


The formation of ammonium cobalt(II) phosphate was utilized to synthesize unprecedented 3D structures of Co3O4, triangular prisms, via a self-supported and organics-free method. The structure is shaped by stacking hundreds of small nanoplatelets; diameters and thicknesses of platelets are ∼100 nm and ∼20 nm, respectively.


We consider a solutionfof a certain Dirichlet Problem on a domain in an elliptic sphereΩ,whose boundary is a minimal hypersurface and we prove a Poincare type inequality forf.Moreover we have an estimate for the first nonzero eigenvalue for the closed eigenvalue problem on the boundary.


The relationship between orality and textuality is far more subtle than usually imagined, the oral substratum that preceded the New Testatment Gospels is now lost, and the literary interdependence of early Christian texts-including a relationship between Mark and Q, and the presence of pre-synoptic written sourcesis strong. Henaut, in this lightly revised doctoral dissertation (University of Toronto; supervisor Heinz O. Guenther), supports these claims through sharp reasoning, thorough knowledge of the secondary sources and close redaction-critical study of Mark 4. He argues that the much-studied elements of this chapter, often linked to an oral stratum (the three seed parables, the reason for speaking in parables, the allegorical interpretation of the sower parable, the aphorisms), form part of a well-integrated literary whole that in turn blocks the recovery of any possible pre-literary stage. Time and again Henaut, in his inimitable no-nonsense way, counters the common evolutionary, sequential model of Church development which envisages an early, partly recoverable, exclusively oral phase of transmission culminating in written documents. Moreover, he deconstructs the idea of a stable


The research was conducted during 2016 2018 on pellic vertisol soil type. Under investigation was chickpea cultivar Kabule (Cicer arietinum L.). Factor A included the years of investigation. Factor B included untreated control and 4 soil-applied herbicides – Dual gold 960 EC (S-metolachlor) 1.5 l/ha, Stomp aqua (pendimethalin) 3 l/ha, Merlin flex 480 SC (isoxaflutole) 420 g/ha and Pelican 50 SC (diflufenikan) 250 ml/ha. Factor C included untreated control, 3 foliar-applied herbicides – Pulsar 40 (imazamox) 1.2 l/ha, Challenge 600 SC (aclonifen) 4 l/ha and Shadow 3 ЕC (clethodim) 1.6 l/ha and 1 herbicide tank mixture – Challenge 600 SC (aclonifen) 4 l/ha + Shadow 3 ЕC (clethodim) 1.6 l/ha. Soil-applied herbicides were treated during the period after sowing before emergence. Foliar-applied herbicides were treated during 6 8 real leaf stage of the chickpea. All of herbicides, herbicide combinations and herbicide tankmixture were applied in a working solution of 200 l/ha. Mixing of foliar-applied herbicides was done in the tank on the sprayer. The highest yields of chickpea seeds are obtained by foliar treatment with herbicide tank-mixture Challenge + Shadow after soil-applied herbicides Pelican and Merlin flex. High yields are obtained also by foliar treatment with herbicide tank-mixture Challenge + Shadow after soil-applied herbicides Stomp aqua and Dual gold. Untreated control, herbicide combination Pelican + Pulsar and separated use antigraminaceous herbicide Shadow are the most unstable for seed yield. Combinations of herbicide tank-mixture Challenge + Shadow with soil-applied herbicides Merlin flex and Pelican are technological the most valuable. They are followed by combinations of herbicide tank-mixture Challenge + Shadow with soil-applied herbicides Stomp aqua and Dual gold. They combine high seed yield with high stability with relation to different years. Separated uses of soil-applied herbicides Pelican, Merlin flex, Stomp aqua and Dual gold, and their combined uses with antigraminaceous herbicide Shadow, and also herbicide combination Pelican + Pulsar have low estimates and do not be used. For complete control of all weeds and self-sown plants in chickpea crops, two herbicides should be combined both soil-applied and foliar-applied.


Policymakers, researchers, and educators are calling for teachers with in-depth knowledge of students, subject matter, and pedagogy to assume formal and informal leadership roles in schools (Lieberman & Friedrich, 2010). Referred to in the professional literature as teacher leaders, these faculty members teach well and assume additional responsibilities beyond the classroom (Danielson, 2005; Reeves, 2008). Explaining why teachers should assume these roles, Barth (2001) states, "All teachers can lead! Most teachers want to lead. And schools badly need their ideas, invention, energy, and leadership" (p. 449). Another scholar, Forster (1997), claims that leadership is "a fundamental part of fulfilling one's professional role and responsibilities. All teachers must be educational leaders in order to optimize the teaching and learning experience for themselves and their students" (pp. 82-83). Furthermore, teacher leaders shoulder some of an administrator's responsibilities in a school because "principals learn quickly that they cannot supply all the leadership" (Stone, Horejs, & Lomas, 1997, p. 51). When teachers possess leadership skills, they are prepared to engage in collaborative leadership with the principal and better understand the realities and broader context of public schooling (Richardson, 2003). In summary, improving education is a complex endeavor that requires everyone involved to do his/her part. Teachers can lead by teaching well in the classroom, sharing their ideas with colleagues, and assuming additional non-instructional responsibilities in the school. To prepare for these future roles, education students need training and experiences in leadership. Lambert (2003) proposes a developmental framework for teacher leadership whereby novices lead in small, structured, and supported ways and progress incrementally to take on larger, more complex roles. In her leadership model for pre-service teachers, Forster (1997) states: Teacher education institutions and schools cannot ignore the calls for preparation and professional development of teachers that support leadership as a fundamental function of their professional role....Teacher education institutions carry a particular responsibility by preparing teachers not only to understand and accept a leadership role, but to be able to effectively function in that capacity (p. 88). Echoing this call in his model, Bond (2011) concludes, "If pre-service teachers are to view themselves as teacher leaders, then their college professors must introduce the idea, guide them to consider their possibility of leadership, and give them opportunities to develop leadership skills" (p. 293). Learning to lead while learning to teach can occur optimally during teacher preparation. Pre-service teachers are able to develop a teacher leadership mindset from the beginning while under the tutelage of their education professors (Stench & Bond, 2012). In addition to weaving leadership themes into the curriculum, teacher educators can use student professional organizations and their activities as a way for pre-service teachers to learn about and develop leadership skills. Sugar and Waraen (2003) note that "many professional organizations exist to enhance the teaching profession and provide leadership opportunities for teachers" (p. 32). Active involvement in professional organizations during teacher preparation affords pre-service teachers opportunities for developing leadership skills (Dozier, 2007). This study fills a gap in the literature and responds to a call for teachers to fulfill leadership roles (York-Barr & Duke, 2004). This study adds to two companion articles recently published. One article (Sterrett & Bond, 2012) focuses on student leadership perspectives as they relate to the Kouzes and Posner (2012) framework, and the second examines teacher leadership and honorary professional organizations in education from the faculty advisor's perspective (Bond & Sterrett, 2014). …


The boundary integral equation method (BIEM) is used to solve three-dimensional potential flow problems in porous media. The problems considered here are time dependent and have a nonlinear boundary condition on the free surface. The entire boundary, including the moving free surface, discretized into linear finite elements for the purpose of evaluating the boundary integrals. The technique allows transient, three-dimensional problems to be solved with reasonable computational costs. Numerical examples include recharge through rectangular and circular areas and seepage flow from a surface pond. The examples are used to illustrate the method and show the nonlinear effects.


This paper investigated habitual drunk drivers` characteristics by grouping them by the number of DUI records, and customized countermeasures for each group. Theoretical models to accommodate underlying causes for drunk driving, which adopted the form of a path analysis, were developed based on psychological variables. According to the psychological paths to drunk driving, each group showed different defense mechanisms and different senses of guilty, shame and embarrassment. This provided a rationale for differentiating countermeasures for each group. Habitual drunk drivers were found to have a strong propensity of self-justification due to their defense mechanism. Thereby, it would be useless to simply discourage them from drinking and driving. Rather, more active measures such as locking devices, invalidation of driver license, and group counseling should be taken to stop habitual drunk driving. Furthermore, since habitual drunk drivers showed high projection propensity, it is necessary to force them to participate in a sensibility training program, which might entail the amendment of related laws or regulations.


This study developed an automated depth mapping methodology based on the surface reflection datasets of Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery in Google Earth Engine. The study was conducted in the area of Co To island, Co To district, Quang Ninh province. The results of the study obtained a bathymetric map of the waters around the island, tested with 199 actual field measurement points for a coefficient of determination (R2 ) of 0.95 with Sentinel-2 images and 0.91 with Landsat 8 images. Besides, the root mean square error (RMSE) obtained with the result of the Sentinel-2 image and Landsat 8 image is 0.145 m and 0.195 m, respectively. The initial method shows automatic, fast, efficient, and reliable results in establishing depth maps in the ocean of Vietnam, especially in coastal and archipelago areas. In addition, the method also supports regular monitoring and updates.


For geophysical surveys, the accurate location and documentation of measurement points, lines and features in densely-built areas with limited survey control and sky-view is challenging. Yet in the present day, urban sites containing numerous obstructions are more often the norm for geophysical applications. Historic site information may span generations of data ranging from as-designed drawings to generated 3-D plans. Frequently, each dataset is probably in different coordinate systems with widely differing accuracies. Using a robotic total station (RTS) theodolite for survey location/navigation control has significant advantages over conventional gridding, tick wheel, and global positioning system (GPS) techniques including:  Survey-grade X,Y,Z precision  In-field verification of positional accuracy  Operation wherever line-of-sight can be established  Data collection directly in agreed-upon or convenient coordinate systems  Locations are continuously streamed by radio-link to geophysical loggers/equipment  Remote-control RTS operation  Follow-up relocation independent of changing ground conditions Geophysical survey and utility mapping results from five "urban" sites are presented illustrating typical location/navigation problems, collection of high locational accuracy survey data around complex structures, and considerations for survey planning, design, and reporting. Figure 1. Leica Robotic Total Station Theodolite with Remote Radio Link


The modernization of ruling methods is the major goal of reforming and improving the Party's leading methods and ruling style.Since the 16th Party Congress,the studies on the modernization of the ruling methods have mainly focused on the connotations,reasons and ways of modernizing ruling methods.Research has found that modernizing ruling methods means the realization of scientific and democratic ruling and rule by law.The drastic changes occurred home and abroad and within the party have caused changes in the ruling conditions and environments.All these require our Party to keep up with the time and to keep reforming and perfecting ways of leading and ruling.It also requires the Party must to stick to scientific,democratic ruling and rule by law,which are the fundamental approaches to achieve the modernization of ruling.


It is 1929 in the town of Tampa, Florida. In the run-down cigar factory, owned and operated by Cuban exiles, the cigars are still rolled by hand and 'lectors' are employed to read to the workforce while they roll. The arrival of a handsome new lector straight off the boat from Cuba is a cause for celebration - at least by the daughters of the owner. But when he begins to read aloud from his favourite novel, Anna Karenina, he unwittingly becomes a catalyst in the lives of his avid listeners, for whom Tolstoy, the tropical heat and the American dream prove a volatile combination...


Despite the demonstrated ability of magnesium alloys to significantly reduce weight at acceptable costs in many areas of an automobile, powertrain components have not benefited from this metal, primarily because the high-temperature alloys that are required for engines and transmissions are too expensive. However, the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Automotive Materials Partnership have launched a project to evaluate several new, potentially low-cost magnesium alloys, design several pre-competitive power-train components for the best alloy properties, cast and dynamometer or vehicle test the components in assembled powertrains, develop a powertrain magnesium alloy design database and common alloy specification, and identify andpromote the funding of fundamental research into improved magnesium alloys and casting processes.


Poles of the scattering matrix in the complex energy plane play an important role for pulse propagation through a resonant tunneling system. Therefore, we employ a special variant of the method of steepest descent to calculate the transmitted pulse. In this variant, the parameters defining the transmission resonances and the shape of the incident pulse are taken into account for the evaluation of the saddle points. As a result, we obtain a multi-saddle-point approximation (MSA) with a number of saddle points which are specific for a given combination of pulse and resonance. This is in contrast to the usual variant of the saddle point approximation [single-saddle-point approximation (SSA)] in which only the phase of the free time evolution operator is made stationary, leading to a single saddle point in the resonant tunneling problem. We apply our multi-saddle-point method to an incident Gaussian pulse comparing with the results of the SSA and the analytical solution. Apart from quantitative advantages of the MSA, in general, it is found that in contrast to the SSA, the MSA is capable of describing the center of the transmitted pulse for a narrow resonance.


The article investigates the approach based on "musical reading", developed by music teacher Mikhail Gnesin in the early XXth century. The paper studies the prerequisites, basic provisions and principles of "musical reading" as a highly emotional way of reading a poetic text by note, preserving the nature and specific features of human speech. The author reveals a connection between M. Gnesin's ideas and B. Asafiev's intonational concept. A step-bystep "musical reading" integration into the practical work of theatre actors is considered. The rhythmic reading approach is described and the examples of using various metrhythmic means of musical expression to convey the emotional and semantic content are given. Introduction of speech intonation into music is discussed both in terms of the fixation of the specific characteristics of speech intonation in graphic form and applying this method in practice. The article concludes the prospects of using the method of "musical reading" by the professional theatre artists and arts students (developing speech-based choirs, ensembles and dialogues according to the laws of musical harmony; creating unique speech-and-music works, where human voice with its specific timbre and accompaniment are integral parts of the artistic whole).


Performance of a centrifugal pump was examined experimentally when the trailing edges of the impeller blades were designed in various shapes, and the change in the pump performance was discussed in relation to the velocity variation due to the shape changes. Sharpening of the blade on its pressure or suction side caused a change in the exit flow angle as well as a decrease in the meridian component of velocity, and an increase in the pump head was brought about. The increase was more pronounced in the pump with impeller blades sharpened on the suction side edge due to a larger increase in Cu2. A relationship between the increase in the pump head and the blade edge sharpening was investigated experimentally and a simple theory to predict it is presented.


Since many microorganisms demonstrate the ability to quickly break down complex mixtures of waste and environmental contaminants, examining their potential use for water recycling in a closed environment is appealing. Water contributes approximately 90 percent of the life sustaining provisions in a human space habitat. Nearly half of the daily water requirements will be used for personal hygiene and dish washing. The primary contaminants of the used "gray" water will be the cleansing agents or soaps used to carry out these functions. Reclaiming water from the gray water waste streams is one goal of the NASA program, Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS). The microorganisms of plane roots are well documented to be of a beneficial effect to promote plant growth. Most plants exhibit a range of bacteria and fungi which can be highly plant-specific. In our investigations with lettuce grown in hydroponic culture, we identified a microflora of normal rhizosphere. When the roots were exposed to an anionic surfactant, the species diversity changed, based on morphological characteristics, with the numbers of species being reduced from 7 to 2 after 48 hours of exposure. In addition, the species that became dominant in the presence of the anionic surfactant also demonstrated a dramatic increase in population density which corresponded to the degradation of the surfactant in the root zone. The potential for using these or other rhizosphere bacteria as a primary or secondary waste processor is promising, but a number of issues still warrant investigation; these include but are not limited to: (1) the full identification of the microbes, (2) the classes of surfactants the microbes will degrade, (3) the environmental conditions required for optimal processing efficiency and (4) the ability of transferring the microbes to a non-living solid matrix such as a bioreactor.


In this paper, we introduce a spectrum holes detection approach, which combines blind modulation classification, angle of arrival estimation and number of sources detection. We perform eigenspace analysis to determine the number of sources, and estimate their angles of arrival. In addition, we classify detected sources as primary or secondary users with their distinct second-order/one-conjugate cyclostationarity features. Extensive simulations carried out indicate that the proposed system identifies and locates individual sources correctly, even at -4 dB SNR.


This paper consists of an ethnographic study of the Education through Work Program (Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho) carried out at the Federal Regional Court 4th Region (Tribunal Regional Federal da 4a Região). The research focused on the work relation between the supervisors of PET interns with teens participants of this program. It prioritized the perspective of the supervisors in the bond established in the teaching of work practice and professional morals. The theoretical approach, therefore, is related to the Moral Economy, identified in the Government Technologies and in the discourse encountered in practice as well as Fassin (2014), that carried out an anthropological discussion founded on morals and ethics present in a public ethnography, i.e., a work that functions as a critique due to its analysis and its public usefulness. At last, it was also used a collaborative anthropology to present the resulting reflections of a study wth two researchers that are mentioned in the references. Duarte (2004) and Seganbinazzi (2012) are researchers and work with PET at TRF4. LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS DRH – Departamento de Recursos Humanos FASE – Fundação de Assistência Socioeducativa ICPAE – Internação Com Possibilidade de Atividade Externa NACi – Núcleo de Antropologia e Cidadania PET – Programa de Educação Pelo Trabalho PUCRS – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul SETASA – Setor de Ações Socioambientais SIC – Salão de Iniciação Científica TRF4 – Tribunal Regional Federal da 4a Região UFRGS – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul VP – Virando a Página


The solubility of CO2 in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) and the liquid-phase molar volume were determined, in a precision high-pressure PVT apparatus, for water mass fraction of [bmim][PF6] ranging from 0.0067 % to 1.6 % and over temperature and pressure ranges of (40 to 60) °C and (1 to 25) MPa. The deviation in solubility, at the same temperature and pressure, with different water mass fractions was not more than 15 %, and the average is 6.7 %. Solubility pressures were correlated with an average relative uncertainty of about 1 % by means of the extended Henry's law for all water mass fractions investigated at less than 6 MPa.


■ Originally designed to broadcast television programmes, cable networks have a multipoint structure. However, over the last few years, a wide range of interactive services have become available which have required a modification in the return path. Therefore provisions have been made for the upstream channel, and some solutions can be implemented to clean the network disrupted by different jamming transmitters. ■ As a result of the installation of cable routers at the head-end and modems at the users premises, a local area network capable of transmitting data streams has been created on the cable network. From a quality of service point of view, the control and the ease of the access architecture will allow the user to benefit fully from the current service capacity and to advance naturally towards higher flow rate contents. ■ Fast Internet on cable allows the end user to benefit from a distinct improvement in comfort, when compared to the Internet on narrow band networks. Future broadband multimedia services will allow a convergence between the worlds of television and the Internet.


Measured axial and tangential velocity profiles in the near wake vortices of a semi-span model of the Convair 990 wing in the NASA-Ames 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel are presented. A scanning laser Doppler velocimeter was used to obtain data at two different downstream stations (0.49 and 1.25 wing spans) at various angles of attack and configurations from wing alone to wing plus nacelles, anti-shock bodies, and flaps deflected 27 deg (landing configuration). It is shown that the velocity distributions within the wake are quite sensitive to span loading. Specifically, it is illustrated that an aircraft flying at given lift coefficient (C SUB L), can substantially reduce its trailing vortex upset potential by deploying its flaps and altering its flight attitude to maintain the same C SUB L. This might be taken into consideration along with performance and noise considerations in the selection of aircraft approach lift over drag.


Objective To identify indication and surgical techniques of midfrontal gyrus approach in patients with hypertensive hemorrage.Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with hypertensive hemorrhage through midfrontal gyrus approach in our hospital from 2006 to 2008 was analyzed retrospectively.Results Four types of patients were treated with midfrontal approach.21 patients were putamen hemotoma which expanse to the frontal lobe.7 patients were Thalamic hematoma ruptured into the ventricle.6 patients were Caudate hematoma ruptured into the ventricle.4 patients were Primary intraventricular hematoma.Among the 34 cases of postoperative survival,1 patient had ADL grade Ⅰ,10 had grade Ⅱ,and 3 had grade Ⅲ,6 had grade Ⅳ or Ⅴ.Conclusion Microsurgical hematoma elimination through midfrontal approach are useful for patients which hemotoma lie putamen expanse to the frontal lobe and Thalamic hematoma,Caudate hematoma ruptured into the ventricle.Microsurgical hematoma elimination through midfrontal approach could effectively decrease the risk of complication.


Purpose : In adults, valproate (VPA) has been reported to be associated with thrombocytopenia. However, few studies have investigated this association in children, and the factors affecting platelet counts remain controversial. This study was undertaken to investigate changes in platelet counts following VPA therapy and related factors in children with epilepsy. Methods : Our subjects comprised 75 epileptic children who had received VPA monotherapy for at least 1 year between January 2000 and December 2005. We regularly examined platelet counts at intervals of 6 to 12 months after baseline platelet counts before VPA treatment. We analyzed changes in platelet counts according to several factors such as sex, seizure type, underlying causes of epilepsy, age at the start of medication as well as at the last follow up, duration of VPA administration, VPA dose, serum VPA level, and body weight at the last follow up. Results : Overall, the platelet counts decreased significantly after VPA therapy. The average baseline platelet count was 312.5109.1×10/mL. At the last follow up, the average platelet count was 261.772.2×10/mL. We observed the relationship between platelet counts and serum levels of VPA; while children with serum VPA 75 µg/mL showed a significant decrease in platelet counts. Conclusion : VPA may cause a significantly decreased platelet count in children with epilepsy. High serum VPA levels were associated with development of thrombocytopenia.


The invention relates to a textile continuous cold-batch auxiliary, a preparation method of the auxiliary and a method of textile pretreatment. The continuous cold-batch auxiliary is composed of two parts including LYM-A and LYM-B, wherein the LYM-A and the LYM-B are produced and stored in an independent auxiliary mode, when application of mass production is conducted, the two parts, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide are configured to form working solution according to different proportions and prescription requirements, continuous desizing, scouring and bleaching pretreatment is conducted on woven fabrics such as cotton and polyester cotton on a long vehicle device under the conditions of temperature of 35-45 DEG C and time of 50-90 minutes, the two parts of the auxiliary are both environment-friendly and do not contain banned chemicals. The method can replace a conventional high-temperature steaming pretreatment process.


Ed Lesley Doyal

Open University Press, £14.99, pp 258

ISBN 0 335 20136 9

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This multi-author, 16 chapter book is divided into two parts: the first looks at the theory and the case for change, and the second gives examples of the principles in practice. This format works well, and many of the chapters give a useful insight into aspects of health services for women.

Three chapters in particular raised my spirits. As expected, Hilary Graham sets health against the backdrop of the widening gap between rich and poor in Britain, and her chapter is well written, understandable, and to the point. For those planning …

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The COVID-19 pandemic poses complex policy challenges. The main challenge is to prevent a massive contagion that will collapse the health system while avoiding an increase in poverty and the destruction of the fabric of economic life. The need to respond to this challenge raises an additional concern: the fiscal viability of the measures required to reduce the harmful effects on public health and mitigate the economic losses generated by isolation measures.


Cloud Computing provides organizations enabling ubiquitous, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing with limited management effort. However, organisations are still hesitating to adopt cloud services on the basis of security, reliability and privacy concerns. Considering these complexities it becomes difficult for cloud customers to gain clarity and transparency. To avoid these issues a cloud service provider will be provided with Cloud Service Certification (CSC) which establishes trust and assures high level of security and compliance. However, cloud services are part of dynamic environment, certifications with multiyear validity may put in doubt reliability. Therefore, continuous auditing and monitoring of specific certification criteria are required to assure transparent, secure and reliable cloud. However past research has mostly examined Continuous Auditing for internal purpose only. Therefore, we are enabling third-party auditors to continuously audit cloud services in multicloud thereby ensuring transparency and reliability.


The experiment of sorption and dispersion characteristics of uranium in the zeolite-quartz mixture as
candidate of raw material of backfill material in the radioactive waste repository has been performed. The objective
is to know the effect of zeolite and quartz grain size on the zeolite-to-quartz weight ratio that gives porosity (),
permeability (K), and dispersivity () of uranium in the zeolite-quartz mixture as backfill material. The experiment
was carried out by fixed bed method in the column filled by the zeolite-quartz mixture with zeolite-to-quartz weight
percent ratio of 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100 wt. % in the water saturated condition flowed by uranyl
nitrate solution of 500 ppm concentration (Co) as uranium simulation which was leached from immobilized
radioactive waste in the repository. The concentration of uranium in the effluents represented as Ct were analyzed
by spectrophotometer Corning Colorimeter 253 every 15 minutes, then using Co and Ct uranium dispersivity () in
the backfill material was determined. The experiment data shown that 0.196 mm particle size of zeolite and 0.116
mm particle size of quartz on the zeolite-to-quartz weight ratio of 60/40 wt. % with  = 0.678, K = 3.345x10-4
cm/second, and  = 0.759 cm can be proposed as candidate of raw material of backfill material in the radioactive
waste repository.
Keywords: backfill material, quartz, radioactive waste, zeolite.


According to the characteristic and the present situation of printing and dyeing wastewater,many kinds of technologies and principles of advanced treatment are introduced,including adsorption of active carbon,ozonation,electrochemical oxidation,Fenton,photochemical oxidation and membrane separation technique,and its evaluation is also presented in terms of the removal efficiency of color,COD et al.This paper points out that developing more ecomomical,stable efficient treatment metheds is important developmant direction.


We report specific heat capacity measurements on a LiFeAs single crystal at temperatures down to 400 mK and magnetic fields up to 9 Tesla. A small specific heat jump at Tc and finite residual density of states at T=0 K in the superconducting (SC) state indicate that there are strong unitary scatterers that lead to states within the SC gap. A sub-linear magnetic field dependence of the Sommerfeld coefficient \gamma(H) at T=0 K is equally well fitted by both a nodal d-wave gap as well as a sign changing multiband \pm s-wave gap. When impurity effects are taken into account, however, the linear temperature dependence of the electronic specific heat C_{el}/T at low temperatures argues against a nodal d-wave superconducting gap. We conclude that the SC state of LiFeAs is most compatible with the multiband \pm s-wave SC state with the gap values \Delta_{small}=0.46 \Delta_{large}.


The invention relates to the technical field of abrasive grinding of grinding tools, and in particular to a compound metal and ceramic bonding agent diamond grinding wheel. The compound metal and ceramic bonding agent diamond grinding wheel is prepared from, by weight, 50-70 parts of surface titanium-coated diamond abrasive, 4-10 parts of tin powder, 10-20 parts of copper powder, 10-18 parts of aluminum powder, 11-18 parts of silicon dioxide, 5-10 parts of boric oxide, 5-8 parts of zinc oxide, 2-6 parts of calcium oxide, 0.01-1 part of lanthanum powder and 1-4 parts of aluminum oxide. Due to the fact that the surface of diamond is coated with titanium so that oxidization resistance can be achieved; titanium is slowly dissolved in a bonding agent in subsequent reactions and forms a transition layer with the diamond abrasive, and therefore the bonding force of the bonding agent on the abrasive is improved; the lanthanum powder is added so that the mechanical performance of a matrix of the grinding wheel can be effectively improved, and the bonding strength of a matrix material on diamond is improved and strengthened; and the aluminum oxide is added so that the pore forming function can be achieved. The compound metal and ceramic bonding agent diamond grinding wheel maintains the good self-sharpening performance of a ceramic bonding agent grinding wheel and also has the good characteristics of high rigidity and good shape maintenance of a metal bonding agent grinding wheel; and formulas are in cooperation, so that the forming performance of the grinding wheel is good, and the service life is long.


The recent publication (1954) of the plaster casts that were found at Begram, the ancient Kipici, in Afghanistan, in 1937 and 1939-1940, has again focused attention on this remarkable discovery. A similar ensemble came to light, it will be remembered, in Egypt in 1907, was quickly acquired by the Pelizaeus Museum of Hildesheim, and published in exemplary fashion by Otto Rubensohn in 1911.' Single examples, mostly found in Egypt, have from time to time been acquired by a number of museums. All these pieces have long ago been recognized as casts taken from metalware. I should like in this article to examine the material as a whole and make suggestions regarding its date and purpose--both questions to which varying answers have been given. By way of introduction I want briefly to recall the most significant statements by Latin writers regarding metalware, for, though well known, they must be fresh in our minds for the proper understanding of the plaster casts in question. First there are the accounts of Pliny (33.148), Livy (27.16.7), and Cicero (In Verrem, 24 passim), who describe the enormous quantities of embossed silver, gold, and bronze that were brought to Italy by the victorious Roman generals after their conquests of Greece, Asia Minor, and Southern Italy. This plundering went on for some time; but in the time of Cicero it was already considered a misdemeanor, as shown by Verres' conviction. As had happened with the sculptures brought from Greek lands to Rome, the imported Greek metalware started an era of collecting.2 We are told that enormous prices were paid for rare pieces. According to Pliny (33.i56f), 1o,ooo denarii were given for a bowl by Pytheas with an embossed relief showing Diomedes and Odysseus in the act of stealing the palladion; an even larger sum for two cups by Zopyros; and people "only valued wrought silver for its age and reckoned its merit established when the chasing was so worn that the very design could no longer be made out." A man named Charinus is addressed by Martial in one of his epigrams (4-39) as a collector of every kind of silver (argenti genus omne) and the only one who possessed embossed works by Myron, Pheidias, and Mentor. Seneca (Ad Helv. de cons., I1.3) refers to the value attached by Roman collectors of silverware to "pieces signed by famous artists of the old days," antiquis nominibus artificum argentum nobile.


The multilayer contact structures in both the anode and organic layers for top-emission organic light emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) are studied in this paper. The anode consists of aluminum/gold (Al/Au). The Al is used for high reflectivity and Au for high work function by enhancing the hole injection from the anode into the organic hole injection layer. The organic layer thicknesses on the luminance characteristics were studied. The hole injection (HIL), hole transport (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL) thicknesses were adjusted to balance the electron and hole recombination ratio. A highest brightness and best luminance efficiency of 8041 cd/m2 and 3 cd/A were obtained, respectively. After optimization of each organic layer thickness, the white top-emission organic light emitting diodes (white TEOLEDs) was also studied. The white TEOLEDs were achieved using two approaches with doped concentrations adjustment (CIE coordinates at x = 0.31, y = 0.38, density of 0.6%) and doped positions adjustment with CIE coordinates at x = 0.30, y = 0.34 at position = 15 nm away from carriers recombination interface.


Abstract : In this thesis, the design of a direct sequence - code division multiple access/binary phase-shift keying (DS-CDMA/BPSK) modem is examined. In this prototype modem design, a short maximal length sequence of 31 chips is used to spread the information data. The design can be extended to longer codes which would provide greater capacity and processing gain. The hardware used in the functional realization of a working design is also discussed, the preliminary operational characteristics of a spread spectrum BPSK modem are achieved. The multi-user performance analysis is conducted using Bit Error Rate (BER) test equipment (HP1645A). The development of the final version of the modem operating at radio frequency (RF) is not conducted, but proof of concept is provided.


The barium tungsten bronzes BaxWO3(0.14≤x≤0.25) have been prepared from BaCO3,WO3 and W powders using hybrid microwave method.The two phases,orthorhombic and tetragonal,coexist in all samples,and the intensity of peaks for the former is gradually weakened and that for the latter is strengthened with the increase of x.The resistivity for samples drops by about 2 orders of magnitude as x changing from 0.14 to 0.25,and the semiconductor-metal transition occurs around x=0.20.For sample Ba0.21WO3,the superconducting transition appears at Tc=2.4K from the ac susceptibility measurements.


Little is known about otters in Iran. OF the existing publications based on hunting data, one considres otters are only in the northeast and a nature reserve on the Afghanistan border, and the other considers that otters are widespread throughout all but the central desert and fringes of the Persian Gulf. Smooth coated otters may also be present, which hunters may not distinguish from Eurasian otters. A forthcoming set of expeditions should clarify the position. Like for a lot of other mammal species (for example brown bear, Servheen, 1990) the present status of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in Iran is fairly unknown (Foster- Turley et al., 1990). The "Verein fur Wildtierforschung - Wildlife Management International Service" is organizing scientific excursions to Iran, the 16 th biggest country in the world with tremendous natural resources from 180.000 km² forested area to arid and semiarid ecosystems. During the preparation of the two next excursions to the south (February 1997) and the north (September 1998) of Iran data of the distribution of mammals became available and will be completed by personal contacts to scientists in the country and field work during the forthcoming excursions. According to the book "Hunting in Iran - from the beginning until today" (Tajbakhsh, 1995) the otter can be found "in most rivers and lakes of most provinces of Iran" (Fig.1). It is not proved that this very general statement is correct due to the size of the area, but in principle it should give a realistic view to the distribution in connection with hunting statistics and the presence of river systems. Ishunin (1977) gave some regional data of otter presence in North and Eastern Iran. According to his publication otters can be found in the Hamoon Wetland, a Nature Reserve in the south of the border area to Afghanistan, and its effluent rivers Farah-Rud and Rud-e-Helmand. In the North otters can be found in clear and small rivers in the mountain range Koppe- Dagh, the border area to Turkmenistan and its main river to the Caspian See Rud-e- Atrak. In the Alburz mountain the otter is known to occur in the river Tadjan in the south of the town Sari but should be more common due to the presence of many rivers.


Due to recent issue of floor noise in apartment houses which has become an object of public concern, it is necessary to find a measure to solve this issue. This preliminary study is a part of study on the development of bathroom model to solve a noise issue in the bathroom among reduction of the floor noise. The purpose of this study is to compare, analyze the present status of bathroom systems developed and applied currently in the country and review their characteristics. This study has its significance as the preliminary study for developing the bathroom model which could reduce toilet equipment noise.


Power plant owners continue to search for methods to minimize cooling water treatment costs for controlling Zebra mussel infestation. One example is a nuclear power station located on Lake Michigan that has been able to control the mollusk with sodium hypochlorite, a nonoxidizing biocide, and mechanical removal of the mature mussels from the cooling system. The chlorine dioxide applied intermittently apparently achieves control of veliger settlement in cooling systems as a cost-effective alternative to other types of oxidizing molluscicides (Hale and Freymark, 1996). The city of Milwaukee is embarking on a two-ozone treatment system after contamination by the microorganism Cryptosporidium sickened 400000 people and left 100 dead. The method of entry into the system of the 4-m/s (100-mgd) plant by the protozoan cyst is unidentified; however, it gives rise to the assertion that traditional low-cost chlorine disinfection is ineffective against certain types of contamination (Wright, 1996). A former National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) scientist has developed a low-cost, plant-based system for treatment of residential wastewater at the individual home level. Wastewater from the bathroom is collected and transported through a series of steps, ending in the irrigation of house plants, maintenance of an aquarium, and irrigation of exterior shrubbery (B.G., 1996).


The interaction of molecular hydrogen with Cu (110) (2×1) -O, Cu (110) c (6×2) -O, Cu (110) amorphous-O, and Cu (110) c (2×2) -O structures has been studied by low energy electron diffraction for determining the reaction mechanism of hydrogen-oxygen reaction on copper surfaces. After these surface structures were exposed in molecular hydrogen atmosphere at a pressure of 1 ×10-6Torr, LEED patterns were observed in ultra high vacuum, raising the temperature successively at definite steps and rate. A great difference was found in reactivity of the different surface structures. The Cu (110) (2 × 1) -O structure reacted with molecular hydrogen at 300°C, but the Cu (110) c (6×2) -O structure did not react up to 700°C. In ultra high vacuum (10-10Torr), all the structures investigated became clean by heating for 20 minutes at 750°C. The Cu (110) amorphous-O structure changed to Cu (11) c (6× 2) -O structure at 350°C and did not react with molecular hydrogen up to 700°C in molecular hydrogen atmosphere. The Cu (100) c (2×2) -O structure reacted with molecular hydrogen at 300°C. From these results obtained, the following mechanism is proposed. The reaction of oxygen chemisorbed on copper surfaces with molecular hydrogen is supposed to require dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on the surface mesh. According to the reconstruction theory, copper atoms are put in a row of [001] direction on the reactive surface structure and oyygen atoms do not exist between copper atoms, while on the inreactive surface structures copper and oxygen atoms are put in a row of [001] direction alternatively. Dissociative adsorption is suppose to be possible on the former surface structures, but impossible on the latter ones. Surface reaction of adsorbed hydrogen and oxygen atoms may be facilitated only on the reactive surface structures.


Pipeline emulation system can offer the decision-making basis and means, which is significant to pipeline safe operation. This paper outlines the foreign products of pipeline emulation system and the domestic progress in research and development of pipeline emulation system, then summarizes the advantages of the system, designs the system structure and hardware configuration, and illustrates the functions of the system software modules and the key points for selecting the modules. Finally, it summarizes the attention problems in implementing the pipeline emulation system project.


To construct the city of Tianshui,the local reality must be considered;the construction of ecologic environment must be the focus;the guide must be the new thought.


THE ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY OF HOSPITALS AND THE EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE: A Critical Evaluation of the Stochastic Frontier and the Data Envelopment Analysis Models to Efficiency M easurem ent


Bone marrow smears and blood samples were examined in guinea pig fetuses in which intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) had been induced by uterine artery ligation and compared with those of control (well-grown) fetuses from uterine horns with intact circulation. Differential bone marrow cell counts were obtained from a count of 300 cells per smear and blood samples were assayed for hemoglobin concentration and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG). Results of blood assays showed no difference in hemoglobin concentration. DPG levels were reduced in the IUGR guinea pigs (P < .05), which could be a consequence of decreased glucose availability or represent an adaptation to reduced oxygen availability. Comparisons of bone marrow counts revealed an increase in total erythrocyte precursors (P < .05) and a decrease in total granulocytic precursors (P < .05) in IUGRfetuses. Within the erythroid lineage there was a significant increase in late (orthochromatic) erythroblasts (P < .005) in the IUGR animals compared with co...


The article discusses the structure and content of the Pushtun family in Afghanistan with particular reference to the process of enculturation and the significant features of this process. In the light of the available data certain generalizations are proposed with respect to the implications of the major diagnostic features of the Pushtun personality. Possibilities, problems. and prospects of further research with regard to the study of Pushtun family and personality are indicated.


Summary: Marching is an essential element in the films of Catalan director Albert Serra. But, while Don Quichotte and Sancho cross the Mancha and the Three Magi walk through a global desert, their motion is often interrupted, postponed, disturbed. That is why, through Serra's filmography, the shots become more and more like paintings and still lives. The suspense between motion and immobility in Serra's cinema indicates something beyond the visible movement, the visible marching and the visible paths (and maybe the visible in general): another hidden motion of the characters, the images and the film, which is still "on the way" to motion – and thus to cinema itself. [Keywords: Albert Serra; Honor de cavalleria; El cant dels ocells; Història de la meva mort; death of cinema; autothanatography; still life; painting; fiction]


In the present work, the electrical and thermal characterization of polymer electrolytes based on PEO/CF3COONa are reported, which turn out to be good ionic conductors near room temperature (of the order 10—4 Ω—1 cm—1 for high salt concentrations). The variation of conductivity with temperature (plotted as ln σ versus 1/T) and salt concentration suggests a complex formation. This is confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which also indicates that the blends are thermally stable up to approximately 480 K. The high conductivity and the single-phase behavior of the blends are explained in terms of the plastification effect of the organic salt on the PEO.


The thesis deals with the public administration and the elements making up the public administration, which include local authorities. Most attention is focused on the control of government, namely the control of separate territorial and administrative units, ie. communities, carried out by the main supervisor of the municipality. The first chapter focuses on the characteristics of the community and the legal status of the municipality. The second chapter deals in detail the importance of establishing the post of the main supervisor of municipality. Controller of the municipality, its rights and obligations. The third chapter focuses on the scope ofthe inspector in the funds. The fourth chapter focuses on empiricalresearch and offers conclusions andsuggestions.


Thorstein Veblen's studies was a cornerstone in American economics during the late 19 and early 20 century. Veblen is usually characterized as a founding father of American Institutionalism, which competed with Neoclassical Economics in the mainstreaming process of American economics during the first half of the 20 century. However, Veblen's impact on economics did not stop with American Institutionalism's boundaries. It is possible to find mainstream economics papers that mention Veblen's contribution. The goal of our study is to investigate how papers published by heterodox and mainstream journals deal with Veblen's writings. Our investigation is based on a bibliometric analysis to identify Veblen's economics ideas as referenced in papers published by top heterodox and mainstream journals. Bibliometry is also applied in our paper to build indicators and analyze patterns.


In this paper we simulate the flow in the differentially heated cavity with ratio of height to width equal to 8. The method used is spectral and is similar to one used by Xin and Le Quéré in 2002. Instead of using Chebyshev polynomials, we used trigonometric functions to describe spatial distribution of the folw. At Rayleigh number 3.4× 105 only one periodic solution was found. Our results differ from the Chebyshev method by a few percent.


[Objective]To understand hygienic condition of flour mills in Zhangqiu city,in order to standardize hygiene permit implementing and ensure hygienic safety of flour.[Methods]During August to September,2005,an investigation was made on hygienic condition among 76 flour mills in Zhangqiu city and examination was conducted on water for production and flour.[Results]Only 18 out of 76 mills were up to standard,accounting for 23.68%.The qualified rate was 65.79% in water quality and 51.32% in flour.[Conclusion]There were some problems of flour mills in Zhangqiu city.


This slender volume gives a stimulating introduction into the theory and applications of linear difference equations, or more specifically linear recurrence relations. With the presentation aimed at the undergraduate student, the style is concise and the exposition is clear and free of the gaps which makes many similarly condensed texts forbidding to read. The book commences with an outline of the basic theory of solutions of linear homogeneous and inhomogeneous difference equations which precisely parallels the analogous theory for linear differential equations. The theory is presented in terms of the first order vector-matrix system of the form


New lightweight, ductile, strong Mg alloys which can be formed at room temperature are of considerable interest to the transportation industry for improved fuel economy. In Mg, the prismatic slip system is two orders of magnitude stronger than the basal slip system resulting in low ductility. Accurate first-principles calculations of dislocation cores on the basal and prismatic systems provide useful information for improving ductility. We present first-principles calculations of relaxed a-type basal edge and screw dislocations, a relaxed a-type prismatic edge and a constricted a-type screw dislocation which is constrained such that cross-slip on the prismatic plane is possible. The atomistic basal dislocation geometries provide the basis for a quantitative solute/dislocation interaction prediction from size and stacking fault energy changes. We use this data to construct a solute-strengthening "design map" for Mg in the basal plane based upon Fleischer's weak obstacle strengthening model[1]. The constriction energy is extracted by comparing the two core energies using the energy density method[2], and compared to in situ experimental data[3] using the Friedel-Escaig cross-slip model. Direct Al interaction with the prismatic edge core and the constricted screw geometries are also computed for comparison.


The alkylation of isobutane with light olefins is a reaction of considerable interest and plays an important role in the petroleum industry, since it produces branched C8 paraffins that inherently possess higher octane number. However, current processes with HF and H2SO4 have been limited due to their toxic nature. For this reason, the replacement of these catalysts with clean catalyst is favorable. One of clean catalysts, ZSM-12 zeolite was prepared using TEA as organic template. Among the various parameters that affect the crystallization of ZSM-12, aluminum content of the gel, OH/SiO2 and TEA/SiO2 ratios were the important determinants. Aluminum rich ZSM-12 with Si/Al ratio of 30 was successfully synthesized. Alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene was carried out over large pore zeolites with various pore structures. Under identical reaction conditions, Beta and ZSM-12 were shown to outperform other zeolites. This higher stability is believed to be a result of their specific pore architecture. For the selectivity toward the individual TMP and DMH compounds, pore architecture also plays a significant role in determining these selectivities. The influence of Si/Al ratios has been studied using directly synthesized beta zeolites. The zeolites prepared possess comparable structural properties but differ in acid site density. In contrast to the common belief that a higher aluminum content zeolite is more stable, optimum Si/Al ratios of beta was observed. This unpredicted result could be attributed to the existence of an optimal level of acidity, which minimizes the formation of coking materials. The deactivation pathway of one-dimensional zeolites, namely LTL and ZSM-12, has been investigated. During the reaction, both zeolites displayed different product distribution with loss of catalytic activity. The results supported the fact that LTL deactivated mainly by pore blockage but ZSM-12 deactivated due to site coverage. A study of the alkylation in ionic liquid has been conducted using in 1-alkyl-3methylimidazolium halides-aluminum chloride encompassing various alkyl-group (butyl-, hexyland octyl-) and halides (Cl, Br and I) on its cation and anion, respectively. Among the ionic liquids, [C8mim]Br-AlCl3 showed outstanding catalytic performance, due to the higher inherent acidity and solubility relative to others.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an intentional model for moving into online learning; to show how the decision was part of the strategic planning process; and to explain the decision behind utilizing the consortium approach. The paper aims to discuss the pros and cons of the consortium model.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes the process Charter Oak State College, a non‐traditional public college, undertook to move from being an aggregator of credits to being the state's leader in providing undergraduate online learning to adult students. It also discusses how the college took a leadership role in forming a state‐wide online learning consortium that then became its online learning infrastructure.Findings – The paper emphasizes the importance of the strategic planning process and the Board's buy‐in to making an online learning venture successful and candidly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of being in a consortium. The college found that the consortium approach ...


The most promising in the world practice are launch vehicles using titanium spherical vessels in a cryogenic medium at high pressure. The paper deals with an import-substituting technology, which provides a closed production cycle for the manufacture of titanium spherical vessels at the JSC "Chemical Automatics Design Bureau" and analyzes existing manufacturing technologies. We developed an innovative method of shaping and machining hemispheres from hard-to-deform advanced titanium alloys, providing maximum automation and productivity of the process. For hydraulic and cryogenic tests of submersible titanium vessels, bench equipment was developed and introduced into production. For simulating the facility operating conditions in order to reduce the cost and increase the safety of tests, liquid oxygen was replaced with liquid nitrogen and helium was replaced with high-pressure nitrogen. Within the study, we substantiated the area of ??effective use of the import-substituting technology and developed production facilities of a closed cycle for the production of titanium vessels with a capacity of 25 and 130 liters.


A low melting point bi-component sheath-core fiber(ES fiber) was used to blend with wool at different blend ratios and then the blended fabrics were treated by thermo setting and non-thermosetting processes respectively.Electron scanning microscope(SEM) was used to observe the bonding inside the fiber,yarn and fabric after thermosetting treatment,and the maximum bonding force between ES fiber and wool,shrinkage of the yarn,and the shrinkage of the fabric after washing were tested.The results showed that the wool fabrics containing ES fiber have better anti-felting properties after thermosetting.The shrinkage percentage of the wool/ES fiber blended fabrics meets the criterion of IWS TM31 for washable assessment.


We investigate the effects of electron hole interaction in the photoexcited states of carbon nanotubes and apply the theory to study the band gap ratios and band gap modulations observed in fluorescence spectroscopy on individual tubes. The former are affected by the long range part of the Coulomb potential, the latter arise from central cell corrections due to anisotropy in the short range part of the Coulomb potential.


The invention discloses a method for extracting chitosan from environment-friendly insects. The method compromises the following steps of: a, holding the insects into a cloth bag, soaking in water to squeeze and wash, removing impurities in insect pupa skin, filtering to obtain clean insect pupa skin, soaking the filtered insect pupa skin in NaOH solution, heating to 70-100 DEG C, removing protein and fat substances under the ultrasonic action, next washing the insect pupa skin to be neutral and then drying; b, holding the dried insect pupa skin in the heated HCl solution, removing inorganic salt and washing to be neutral; c, decolorizing the pupa skin by using hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate solution and washing to be neutral to obtain chitin; and d, next performing deacetylation in 40 percent of NaOH solution at the temperature of 110 DEG C and washing to be neutral to obtain the chitosan. The extraction rate of the chitosan obtained through extraction of the process can reach 18 percent, meanwhile, the washing efficiency is increased, and sewage discharge is reduced.


INTRODUCTION As accountability for student performance increases, local education agencies are confronted with the challenging task of providing maximum support to schools that have the greatest needs while simultaneously maintaining the success of and continually improving high performing schools. Accountability for kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-12) school performance has recently received increased attention from school systems, municipalities, state governments, and federal agencies. The reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, also known as No Child Left Behind (NCLB), incorporates testing and accountability requirements that increase student testing and holds all schools accountable for student performance. This legislation marked a major departure from the federal government's traditional monitoring and guidance role regarding elementary and secondary education. The NCLB legislation utilizes progress and performance indicators as a judge of a school's success. It requires that states administer reading and mathematics tests annually in grades three through eight and during one year in high school beginning in school year 2005-2006. These requirements affect almost 25 million students each school year (National Center for Education Statistics, 2002). While the No Child Left Behind legislation incorporated increased testing for the purposes of recognizing high performing schools, providing incentives of improvement and punishing those schools that failed to either meet established standards or make adequate progress, there are no provisions in the legislation for providing additional resources for those schools that have greater needs. Additionally, there are few incentives for school districts to customize the supervision of schools and the resources allocated to individual schools based on the characteristics and assessed needs of the schools. In 2000, prior to the enactment of the No Child Left Behind legislation, a major urban school district located in the southern region of the United States implemented a differentiated supervision classification model. The intent of the model was not to rank or grade schools on their performance. Instead, the intent was to provide a mechanism by which administrative support structures could direct additional resources to schools with greater need and provide more autonomy to schools that are performing and progressing at higher levels. This innovative approach customizes the supervision of schools and the resources allocated to schools based on both performance indicators and progress indicators. The purpose of this study is to investigate if a differentiated supervision classification model (DSCM) can assist in guiding the improvement of the quality of education for schools by allocating fiscal resources based on a schools needs. For the purpose of this research a schools need is defined as the lack of progress toward predefined benchmarks and performance on various academic measures. The results of this study provides school district level administrators, local school boards of education, and state and national education agencies with a methodology to strategically direct resource allocation in order to improve student achievement by supporting schools that demonstrate greater needs. LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS As education reformers have sought to improve the academic performance of public schools in the United States, they have employed widely varying monitoring and/or accountability strategies. These monitoring and accountability strategies are not only employed in K-12 public schools, but also in higher education and the business community. In 2001, 45 states required public schools or school districts to issue "school report cards" that included a wide range of information. Twenty-seven states also provide comparative ratings of schools (Boser, 2001). The most recent round of high-stakes testing grew out of the standards-based reform movement that began in the early 1990s (Abrahams, 2003). …


The objective of the study is to investigate the gallstone dissolving effects of Lidan Qushi oral liquid by the way of planting human gallstone into rabbit gallbladder.The results showed that this liquid at the dosage of 11.0 g/kg had the effect of dissolving gallstone (P0 05).Results of experiment in vitro showed that this liquid had the trend of dissoloving gallstone,but no statistic significance.Pharmacological experiments in mice showed that this liquid had the effect of relieving pain.


The turmeric or Curcuma species was macerated with organic solvents. By executing both analytical and preparative thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the crude material, the chromatographic profile of the curcuminoids could be improved. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of the pure curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxy-curcumin was acquired. Additional focus for discussion includes the keto–enol tautomerisation of the products. It is concluded that the understanding of this medicinal herb and its curcuminoidal content, is heightened with advanced technological aid.


The paper is devoted to outlining of hydrocarbon traps in Absheron suite by use of seismostratigraphy, standardless classification, taxonomy and attribute analysis. The paper gives a brief description of area under the study, its geographical position and research history. Correlation of seismic horizons traced within interval of seismic record embracing Absheron suite has been analyzed in detail. It has been noted that Absheron suite is rich with oil and gas deposits, which has been evidenced by discovery of fields located near to the study area. Six seismic horizons were picked off within the limits of target deposits. The described methodology of study reveals the essence of applied standardless classification and taxonomy. Analysis of dynamic parameters of seismic record led to outlining of amplitude anomalies related to zones of development of stratigraphic traps attributed to unconformity surfaces. Three such zones have been outlined. Classification and taxonomy cubes have been designed for the interval of Absheron suite. The internal structure of studied series is well traced in sections of "Classification" and "Taxonomy". Classification results allowed to outline traps characterized by abnormal grouping of some classes. Three "bright spot" anomalies are outlined in the Absheron deposits. Seismic anomalies are well correlated with sedimentation environment favorable for evolution of stratigraphic traps. The area of anomalies is 10.1 sq.km in summary. Burial depth of these anomalies is 450–950 m. Earlier drilled wells did not recover studied anomalies.


Probably all of you have played cricket and football, and if I were to say that you could learn those games by reading about them in books you would laugh me to scorn. The furthest you would go would be to admit that having played a game to some extent you might get useful hints from books or conversation. Some of you might even feel that in a few cases the hints do as much harm as good by tending to reduce originality which, after all, counts for a good deal in any game, and by introducing an element of surprise may in games, as in war, win when a stereotyped method is doomed to failure. It is a steep descent from these high altitudes to the subject we are discussing tonight, but I suggest that what is true of games is also true, to a large extent, of graduation. You will never learn how to graduate by reading about it. Take an experience, that is, the exposed to risk and the deaths (or the week's sickness or whatever the subject implies) or the rates of mortality, and see what they look like and appreciate the hideous unevenness and spend time in trying out of your own head to 'make the rough places smooth,' and after that begin your reading.


Strong evidence points to an important step in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid synovitis being the formation of immune complexes with the joint cavity (Zvaifler 1973). This leads to activation of the complement pathway and attraction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the synovial fluid. These leukocytes then phagocytose the complexes, and in so doing, release lysosomal enzymes which mediate the inflammation (Weissman 1972). Drugs like aspirin are thought to modify the cellular and biochemical sequelae which stem from the formation of immune complexes, without influencing the initial immunological events. Any therapy which reduced the formation of immune complexes would represent a more fundamental approach to treatment. No means are available for inhibiting selectively the immunological events leading to immune complex formation, and rheumatologists have turned to nonspecific immune suppression by a variety of methods: antiproliferative drugs, X-irradiation, antilymphocyte globulin, plasmapheresis, thoracic duct drainage. Only antiproliferative drugs have been tested extensively. Irradiation is thought not to be effective (although possibly not adequately tested). It is, however, interesting that irradiation may produce dramatic symptomatic relief in another inflammatory arthropathy: ankylosing spondylitis. Little information is at present available about the use of antilymphocyte globulin or plasmapheresis in rheumatoid disease, but thoracic duct drainage has produced remissions in a few selected cases (Pearson 1976). Depletion of lymphocytes by this technique produced early and marked resolution in cell mediated immune responses in parallel with the Clinical improvement. Most attention has been directed towards the use of antiproliferative drugs such as azathioprine, chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide. These interfere with the multiplication of cells in proportion to their rate ofdivision, and can thus inhibit the central, proliferative phase of the immune response. These drugs have now been extensively tested in rheumatoid arthritis and it is clear that they can produce a favourable influence on the disease which is modest but measurable, and comparable in degree to that which can be achieved with gold (Currey et 01. 1974), penicillamine (Berry et al. 1976) and chloroquine. Like these other drugs the antiproliferative drugs are also 'slow acting', the full effects taking months to build up and the benefit being more prolonged than that achieved with drugs like aspirin. Considerations of toxicity at present limit the usefulness of the antiproliferative drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Nevertheless it is interesting to speculate how they produce their beneficial effect. In animals they reduce immune responsiveness and can suppress immune inflammatory models such as adjuvant arthritis in the rat (Currey 1971 a). However, it is


It is acknowledged that quality of life is related to economic development in a country or region. The impact of the ongoing transfer to the digital economy on economic growth, sustainable development, and quality of life has been a recent academic focus, finding that the development of digitalisation of the economy and society is happening at a comparable pace. Yet, despite the availability of governmental support and overall strategic orientation of top managers, there is evidence of low digital/advanced manufacturing technologies adoption readiness across economic sectors. Therefore, the object of the research is the digital/advanced manufacturing technologies adoption readiness, which can be assessed on both industrial and organisational levels. The authors carried out an expert poll that has shown low digital/advanced manufacturing technologies adoption readiness on the industrial level (average readiness of 2.18 across estimated industries). For this reason, the focus subject of the research is the evaluation method for determining barriers of digital transformation on organisational level. The review of the academic literature and available digital maturity assessment models has shown the lack of metrics for barrier evaluation. The objective of the research is to develop a method for digital-transformation barrier evaluation. An analytical research method is used to develop a ready-to-use method in a form of a questionnaire that can be applied to measure an overall digital-transformation barrier level and identify problem areas for a manufacturing enterprise. The developed method is approbated in two large industrial companies. The overall barrier equals 39.3% for a power engineering company, which is a deterrent barrier. The overall barrier equals 75.0% for a machine-building company, which is a limiting barrier. The results of approbation correspond with results of the expert poll: the power engineering company has a lower barrier level, which is in line with the engine building and turbine engineering industry showing higher levels of readiness to adopt digital technologies. This finding supports the hypothesis about the rationality of the author's method.


A possible relationship between exposure to cleaning products and chronic interstitial lung disease is not currently recognized. This is a retrospective study of patients with a surgical lung biopsy-proven diagnosis of interstitial lung disease, treated at a university hospital pneumology department between 1994 and 2010, whose only related activity had been cleaning. Patients with acute presentation following accidents involving massive inhalation or inhalation of high concentrations of different products, and those in whom biopsy findings suggested a specific entity were explicitly excluded. Patients underwent a detailed inquiry and answered a questionnaire on exposure to cleaning products by direct interview and/or telephone contact. All patients had undergone respiratory function study, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and surgical lung biopsy. Mean age was 64 (53-74) years, and 3 of the 4 patients were women. None had a history of smoking. All patients were cleaning workers who had been exposed to various products, including hydrochloric acid solution and bleach. None of the patients used appropriate airway protection. Two cases showed a certain relationship in time between exposure and manifestations of the disease. All patients presented dyspnea and disease progression to respiratory failure, and all had a restrictive respiratory disorder. In addition to alveolar-interstitial abnormalities, HRCT showed signs of airway involvement. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology findings were non-specific. Surgical biopsy revealed mainly peribronchiolar metaplasia and a varying degree of airway-centered interstitial fibrosis. In conclusion, exposure to cleaning products might be a cause of airway-centered diffuse interstitial lung disease with peribronchiolar metaplasia.


Metropolitan areas in all parts of the United States suffer from an excess of governmental units and from a lack of machinery that is sufficiently flexible to keep up with the ever extending urban sprawl. Students of metropolitan problems generally agree that there is a critical need to deal with the metropolis as a whole. To do this in most instances will call for imaginative inventiveness. Although in a sense a metropolitan area is a "local" area, in contrast to the state or the nation, in another sense it is a different -thing than the county, the city or the township, the traditional units of local government. Are we to destroy these traditional units in the metropolitan areas? Should we further complicate the structure of government by creating yet another level-the metropolitan municipality? Probably each metropolitan area will evolve something that is peculiar to its area, born out of the peculiar needs, political history and economy of the area. Let us examine the efforts made in one area to do that.


Abstract : This study is directly related to the Army's research and development on new and improved materials for the soldier's clothing and personal life support equipment system that could be produced quickly from a broad base of the textile industry's facilities to meet the logistical support requirements of a possible future mobilization. Recent trends in the textile industry necessitate a reappraisal of the capability of the textile industry to provide adequate support to the military services in some future national emergency. These trends include: increasing textile imports, the revolutionary changes occurring in textile manufacturing, and the relative shrinkage in size of the industry's broadwoven goods manufacturing capacity in relation to total consumer demand. This report attempts to formulate some of the problems which can be foreseen at this time, and to indicate some of the factors that would be involved in assuring an adequate supply of essential military textile materials. (Author)