Purpose Cobalt exposure is known to cause adverse effects on health. A major use of cobalt is in the manufacture of hard metal. Exposure can lead to asthma, hard metal lung disease, contact allergy and increased risk of cancer. Cobalt is mainly absorbed from the pulmonary tract, however penetration through skin may occur. The relationships between exposure to inhalable cobalt in air and on skin and the uptake in blood and urine will be investigated, as well as the association between dermal symptoms and dermal exposure. Methods Cobalt exposure in 71 workers in hard metal production facilities was measured as inhalable cobalt in the breathing zone and cobalt found on skin with acid wash. Uptake of cobalt was determined with concentrations in blood and urine. Correlations between exposure and uptake were analysed. Results Inhalable cobalt in air and cobalt in blood and urine showed rank correlations with coefficients 0.40 and 0.25. Cobalt on skin and uptake in blood and urine presented correlation coefficients of 0.36 and 0.17. Multiple linear regression of cobalt in air and on skin with cobalt in blood showed regression coefficients with cobalt in blood (β = 203 p < 0.0010, and β = 0.010, p = 0.0040) and with cobalt in urine (β = 5779, p = 0.0010, and β = 0.10, p = 0.60). Conclusions Our data presents statistically significant correlations between exposure to cobalt in air with uptake of cobalt in blood and urine. Cobalt on skin was statistically significant with cobalt in blood but not with urine.


Objectives: Few studies have investigated chronically infected individuals after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption (ATI, analytical therapy interruption); thus, we investigated the association between some HIV-specific antibodies and viral control. Design: All enrolled patients were previously described in the APACHE study. Briefly, the study was conducted on HIV-1 chronically infected patients, with HIV-RNA less than 50 copies/ml for at least 10 years, CD4+ cell count greater than 500 cells/μl and HIV-DNA less than 100 copies/106 PBMC. The ART regimen in use at the time of ATI was resumed at confirmed viral rebound (CVR, defined as two consecutive HIV-RNA >50 copies/ml). Methods: Collection of sera and analysis of both binding antibodies (BAbs) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) was performed at three different time points: ATI, CVR and time of viral re-suppression after ART resumption. Results: IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) from the four patients with highest levels of neutralization were found to block viral infection. All patients had CVR after ATI at a median time of 21 days (14–56). After ART resumption, all the enrolled patients achieved HIV-RNA less than 50 copies/ml in 42 days (21–98). We observed a strong increase of either BAbs and NAbs titers from ATI to viral re-suppression in one patient, who showed the longest period of virus undetectability during ATI. In this patient, BAbs and NAbs specifically belonged to both IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses, directed to env antigen. Conclusion: env-specific NAbs and BAbs belonging to IgG1, IgG4 subclasses could be helpful to monitor long-term responses able to control virus replication and eradicate HIV infection.


The article presents the results of a survey of plantings in the park "Ilyich" - one of the objects of landscape architecture in the Levoberezhny district of Voronezh. An inventory of green spaces has been carried out. 15 species belonging to 10 families have been identified. Hanging birch occupies a leading position in the plantation - 21%. Norway maple - 15%, silver maple - 15%, as well as small-leaved linden - 14%, white poplar - 6%. The rest of the species (large-leaved linden, common hawthorn, common ash, white willow, black poplar, bignoniform catalpa, European larch, small-leaved elm, prickly spruce, horse chestnut) in total make up less than 30%. The average category of the state of trees as a whole for the square is 2.5, which indicates the initial stage of weakening of plantations. The main pathological signs of trees in the plantings of the square are drying out of skeletal branches, mechanical damage, drying of the top, as well as settlements of stem pests, sap flow, water shoots on the trunk and branches. Such pathological signs as a frost crack, a fruiting body of mushrooms, and a cancerous tumor are rarely present. In order to restore and strengthen the recreational, architectural, decorative and sanitary and recreational functions of the Ilyich square, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures, including: removal of dying and dead trees; sanitary pruning, removal of overgrowth and excess shoots, treatment of wounds and hollows, treatment of frost cracks, treatment of plants against phytopotagens.


: An unprecedented nucleophilic addition of piperidine on an electron acceptor, namely, 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H -cyclopenta[ b ]naphthalen-1-ylidene)malononitrile is reported. This unexpected behavior was observed during the synthesis of push-pull dyes using the classical Knoevenagel reaction. To overcome this drawback, use of diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) enabled to produce the expected dyes PP1 and PP2 . The optical and electrochemical properties of the different dyes were examined. Theoretical calculations were also carried out to support the experimental results. To evidence the higher electron-withdrawing ability of this electron acceptor, a comparison was established with two dyes ( PP3 and PP4 ) comprising its shorter analogue Nucleophilic Electron Acceptor An unprecedented nucleophilic addition of piperidine on an electron acceptor, namely, 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H -cyclopenta[ b ]naphthalen-1-ylidene)malononitrile is reported. This unexpected behavior was observed during the synthesis of push-pull dyes using the classical Knoevenagel reaction. To overcome this drawback, use of diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) enabled to produce the expected dyes PP1 and PP2 . The optical and electrochemical properties of the different dyes were examined. Theoretical calculations were also carried out to support the experimental results. To evidence the higher electron-withdrawing ability of this electron acceptor, a comparison was established with two dyes ( PP3 and PP4 ) comprising its shorter analogue.


Abstract A guide to interpretation of X-rays of bark samples infested with the western pine beetle and its principal predators and parasites is presented. Illustrations of the radiographic images are given to enable analysts to gain experience more rapidly.


Background and Objective of the Study: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the use of online platforms for education. This may lead to digital eye strain (DES) in the student community. The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of digital device use, the prevalence of DES symptoms and assess the awareness of DES among undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted among undergraduate medical students of a medical college in Kerala using a structured, self-administered online questionnaire. Results: Two-hundred and twenty-seven students responded to this questionnaire. Of these respondents, 90.3% (205 students) reported experiencing the ocular and extra-ocular symptoms of DES. Neck pain, headache, and watering of eyes were the most frequent symptoms. Continuous use of devices without breaks, the predominant activity on devices, the presence of refractive errors, and inappropriate control of glare on digital devices had a statistically significant association with DES. Although 79.4% of students were aware that using digital devices can cause eye strain, <20% were aware of the ideal distance for viewing digital screens and the 20-20-20 rule of taking breaks in-between screen time. Conclusion: Undergraduate medical students reported a high prevalence of DES during the COVID-19 college shutdown. Lack of timely breaks and inappropriate control of glare from monitors were associated with DES symptoms. Only a few students were aware of the ergonomic measures to be adopted during device use. Educating undergraduate medical students about DES is essential to curb this rising problem.


The purpose of this work is developing the injury analysis model that can be expressed liver damage state by the Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method. In this paper, we set the material properties of the liver by simulating material test using the simplified geometric model that can represent the basic physical phenomena of the viscoelastic body. Keywords-component; MPS method; liver; simultion; injruy


One of the most important factors in the process of jack-up rig installation is the good expectation of the amount of spud-can penetration into soil layers under the varying loads. It is important to insert the spud-can through soil layers up to the expected stability depth during the installation process to guarantee enough soil stability reaction. The Press-Replace Technique (PRT), which is considered a kind of small-deformation nonlinear-material finite-element analysis, is applied in this paper to track the full load-penetration response of a spud-can in double-layered soil. A parametric study was carried out by using Plaxis 2D Vr.8.6 to evaluate the effect of the strength properties of soil on the Punch-through phenomenon and the bearing capacity of soil spud-can system by applying the Press Replace Technique (PRT). This study is also concerned with the penetration of a circular spud-can in stiff clay over either soft clay or loose sand soil. Among the considered properties of the soil, it was demonstrated that the undrained shear strength of top stiff clay layer is the most important parameter that affects the penetration response of spud-can in this case, where the properties of the lower soft clay layer do not have major effect.


Harmonic resonances in wind parks have become an important power quality concern for utilities. Even though they can be analyzed through detailed electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations or frequency-domain simulations, these studies can be time consuming. In response, the authors have developed two graphical, easy-to-use approaches for a quick initial screening of the risk of voltage THD violation or component overload inside the wind park due to harmonic resonances. Both approaches are suitable for real time (online) application if harmonic voltage and current measurements are available at the point of common coupling (PCC) between the wind park and the grid. This paper describes and discusses both methods, which were recently published by the authors on the IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery journal [1], [2]. A discussion on techniques to process measurement data so that the proposed methods can be applied online is also provided.


An experimental investigation of a pulp-suspension flow in a circular pipe was made. The pressure loss was measured by using pressure transducers, and the velocity gradient at pipe wall and the local velocity were measured by an electrochemical technique. The local pulp-fiber concentration was also directly measured by sampling the pulp-suspension flowing in a circular pipe. Flow characteristics of pulp-suspension was examined from the lower flow region of the relation between pressure loss and flow rate. The relationship between friction facter and Reynolds number was examined. Though there were inconsistencies between the flow characteristics and the relationship between friction facter and Reynolds number, the inconsistencies were explained by considering the mechanism of pulp-suspension flow on the measured pulp-fiber concentration distribution and the measured velocity distribution and so on. And a model for the lower flow region of under one-percent concentrated pulp-suspension was presented.


The present study reports the expression of proteins of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in response to different growth conditions. The bacterium was cultured in the basal medium MM1 and in the presence of leaf extracts from a susceptible host plant (sweet orange) as well as a resistant (ponkan) and a nonhost plant (passion fruit). The protein profiles were analyzed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). Twelve differential spots (induced, up‐ and down‐regulated and repressed) were observed in the protein profiles of the bacterium cultivated in citrus extract (susceptible host) when compared to that of MM1. The 2‐DE profile of the bacterium cultured in the complex medium nutrient yeast glycerol was also obtained and the comparison with that of MM1 revealed 36 differential spots. Five proteins from the different treatments were successfully N‐terminally sequenced and the putative functions were assigned by homology searches in databases. Two constitutively expressed proteins, B4 and B5, were identified as pseudouridine synthase and elongation factor P, respectively. The large subunit of ribulose 1,5‐biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and a sulfate binding protein were found as specifically up‐regulated in the presence of citrus extracts. Finally, the heat shock protein G was found exclusively in the complex medium and repressed in all other media.


We present the results of Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer observations of the binary stars θ2 Tauri and HR7955. These data are reduced using standard methods, as well as coherent integration, and were fitted using three different methods to measure the separation and position angle of the components, and their magnitude differences. We used the traditional technique of fitting the V2's, triple amplitudes and triple phases, we also fitted the baseline phases obtained through coherent integration, and measured the separation of the components directly on images reconstructed using complex visibilities and phase self calibration. We find that fitting baseline phases produces the highest precision. The results obtained from imaging are similar to these, although with higher uncertainties, while the traditional method has the lowest precision. We attribute this result to the fact that the traditional method combines multiple measurements, e.g. triple phases, thus increasing the errors and reducing the amount of information that can be fitted. We also obtain a preliminary fit to the orbit of HR7955.


Podzols tend to form on drift sands in The Netherlands given sufficient time. Differences in organic matter (OM) composition relate to vegetation succession on drift sand that evolves eventually into a micropodzol. We examined the relation between the water‐soluble organic matter (WSOM) and the total OM composition in the Ah horizons of the first vegetation stages, under grass (Corynephorus canescens), moss (Polytrichum piliferum), heather (Calluna vulgaris) and pine (Pinus sylvestris), as determined by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) and analysis of polysaccharides after acid hydrolysis. Polysacharides dominate the OM in the Ah horizons under grass and moss. Lignin and aliphatic compounds are minor compounds in these profiles, but are more important under heather and pine. The Py‐GC traces of the WSOM under grass and moss contain abundant products derived from polysaccharides. The water‐soluble fraction is enriched in phenolic and aliphatic compounds in comparison with their contents in pyrolysates of the total OM. In the WSOM fractions under heather and pine, phenols dominate the pyrolysates, whereas lignin‐derived methoxyphenols are rare. Remarkably large amounts of alkenes and alkanes are present in the pyrolysates of these water‐soluble fractions, most probably derived from aliphatic biopolymers. Their presence in water might be explained through the formation of colloids, which are stabilized by micelle‐like arrangements.


This paper is set out to characterize some of the significant features of language of religious stickers. Data on two major religions i.e. Christianity and Islam were collected in the year 2004 in three major towns in Oyo State of Nigeria. The investigations revealed that the type of stickers placed on individual cars identified the faith of the car owner and the inscription on the sticker shows the intention of the owner of the car for the rest of the year or the rest of his life. It was also observed that some of the car owners had more than a sticker on their cars. Some of the stickers depict the year, their deities, denominations, specific occasions, or situations, which also depicts the intentions of the owners. The investigation also reveals that some of the stickers have logo signs associated to the two religions likewise the colours used in printing out the stickers also have semantic meanings. The paper used some semantic concepts for the analysis of the data collected. Keyword: Car, Christian, Moslem, Semantic, Stickers, Oyo State


In this paper we report on the application of in-situ CCVD grown bilayer graphene field effect transistors (BiLGFETs) as memory devices, grown in a Silicon-CMOS compatible fabrication process. By means of catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) the BiLGFETs are realized directly on oxidized silicon substrate without transfer. These BiLGFETs possess unipolar p-type device characteristics with a high on/off-current ratio between 1×105 and 1×107 at room temperature [1, 2]. The hysteresis of BiLGFETs depends on the cycling range of the applied backgate voltage VBG while the sub-threshold slope is uniform for varied temperatures and varied cycling ranges of the backgate voltage [3]. Based on the observed properties of BiLGFETs it is possible to use BiLGFETS as memory devices.


Objective:To advance the ability of diagnosis and treatment of abdominal allergic purpura (AAP).Methods:68 cases were divided into two groups:observation group (with cimetidine,36 cases) and control group (without cimetidine,32 cases),and the pathogen,feature of purpura and misdiagnosis of the cases were counted.The curative effect was compared.Results:Infection,especially the upper respiratory tract infection,was the most the most common pathogen for AAP,and the food allergy was the second reason.It was common that the purpura appeared at the same time as gastrointestinal tract symptoms.The AAP was often misdiagnosed as gastro-enteritis,intestinal obstruction the second.About treatment,basing on dexamethasone and cyproheptadine,using cimetidine could bring shorter BT,low positive rate of cuff motion test,short er recessiontime for symptoms and purpura,indicating that cimetidine made better outcome than that of without ones.Conclusion:Detailed-oriented inquiry and physical examination was vital for accurate diagnosis of AAP,and cimetidine could help steroids promote recovery of abdominal allergic purpura.


This paper presents a dual-band microstrip crossover and its miniaturization. The proposed dual-band crossover works at 0.9 / 2.45 GHz, and the miniaturized crossover reduced 68% of the overall area of the original design. Moreover, analytical design equations are derived using the even-odd mode method. The final explicit design equations are concise. To verify the design concepts, a miniaturized dual-band crossover working at 0.9 / 2.45 GHz is simulated. The simulation results agree well with the concept.


There are currently four graduate entry schemes into UK medical school based at Oxford, Cambridge, Leicester and Warwick, and St George's Hospital, London. Career focus asked pioneers of the scheme at St George's--Linda Hutchinson, Patricia Hughes, and Peter McCrorie--discuss their experience


The study aims to substantiate the market priorities for developing agricultural cooperation in Ukraine in current socio-economic conditions. To achieve the set goal, the methodology of the agricultural economy and the theoretical principles of the neoclassical economic scientific school regarding the development of market mechanisms for stimulating various spheres of economic activity were used during the research. In addition, conceptual approaches proposed by representatives of institutionalism and developed along the lines of the paradigm of neoclassical synthesis were used to identify the priority directions for stimulating agricultural cooperation. At the same time, several general scientific and unique methods of scientific research were used: monographic, historical analysis and synthesis, scientific generalization, and comparative analysis. Scientific methods such as abstraction and generalization were used to summarize the research results and formulate the author's proposals. The historical aspects of the formation of cooperation in the agricultural sector of the world's developed countries were analyzed, which made it possible to single out the main factors of development and the mechanisms of the evolution of agricultural cooperatives. It was revealed that the main prerequisite for the unification of farms into cooperatives is the presence of open market competition, which encourages farmers to increase the efficiency of their business based on the reduction of transaction and production costs. Proposals have been formulated for Ukraine's state authorities and local self-governments to stimulate agricultural cooperation on a market basis. It is proposed to give priority to limiting the cartel influence of agricultural holdings, which will make it possible to increase the economic potential of farming as the main driving force of agricultural cooperation, as well as to normalize the institutional aspects of the functioning of cooperatives in the agrarian sector of the economy and related areas of economic activity to eliminate existing institutional barriers for the development of the cooperative movement in the countryside. The conceptual foundations of the formation and development of the market economy in agriculture have been developed. It has been proven that the actual development of agricultural cooperation is possible only in a civilized agricultural market and open competition between agricultural producers, which stimulates farms to join cooperatives to increase their efficiency and competitiveness. The market mechanisms of the development of cooperation in the agricultural sector of the economy are substantiated, which became the basis for the development of proposals regarding the priority areas of its activation in modern socio-economic conditions. The theoretical, methodological, and applied developments presented in the article aim to improve regulatory mechanisms to stimulate agricultural cooperation. The author's recommendations can be used both in the work of state authorities at the central and regional levels and in the activities of local self-government bodies of rural territorial communities in the conditions of deepening administrative-territorial reform and further decentralization of power.


The owner would make a large number of decisions during the implementation of a large-scale construction project. Only basic functions such as cost control, time control and quality control, or partly analysis and forecast functions are achieved by traditional project management software. It is a tremendous challenge to the owner to make an effective and efficient decision based on inaccurate, delayed, non-integrated and non-condensing information. With the development of information technology and communications technology, more and more research institutes and consulting units have been devoting to the theoretic research and practical experience on integrated project controlling information system(PCIS). Through analyzing the importance of using information technology in large-scale construction project controlling and the disadvantages of using traditional project management software, the paper points out that it is necessary to establish integrated PCIS. The paper focuses on the key points including target breakdown system, function model system and the means to achieve the function during the development of PCIS.


Ammonium perchlorate particles have been dried in a laboratory spouted bed dryer (screen-bottomed type) which is categorized as a fluidized bed dryer. The solid particles obtained in this process of drying were semi-porous and known as the group D of Geldart classification. The variations of moisture content with resident time, the effects of bed height on the pressure drop, and the influence of moisture content on drying rate were investigated. In this project, the air flow rate and the moisture diffusivity were determined. A model to determine the minimum spout velocity and also a model based on the Fick's law were obtained which predicted the experimental data very well.


Abstract Mechanisms of tetragonal phase stabilisation, at room temperature, in nanocrystalline (< 100 nm), submicrometre-sized (100 nm–1 μm), and bulk zirconia (ZrO2) (>1 μm) are reviewed in detail. The merits, demerits and scope of each individual model are outlined. The analysis of the literature shows that, although the mechanism of tetragonal phase stabilisation in bulk ZrO2 is well understood, the room temperature tetragonal phase stabilisation mechanism in undoped, nanocrystalline ZrO2 is controversial. Various proposed models, based on surface energy (nanocrystallite size), strain energy, internal and external hydrostatic pressure, structural similarities, foreign surface oxides, anionic impurities, water vapour and lattice defects (oxygen ion vacancies), are discussed in detail. It is proposed that generation of excess oxygen ion vacancies within the nanocrystalline ZrO2 is primarily responsible for the room temperature tetragonal phase stabilisation, below a critical size. Hence, the mechanism of tetragonal phase stabilisation in nanocrystalline ZrO2 appears to be the same as that in doped ZrO2 (at room temperature) and undoped ZrO2 (at higher temperature).


The management of mild hypertension has become a major dilemma of modern medicine. Should there be a general recommendation to treat with antihypertensive drugs, recognizing the lack of evidence that such treatment is beneficial and recognizing that it will certainly produce some unwanted effects? Should there be a general recommendation not to treat, realizing that this might be withholding significant benefits, possibly including prevention of myocardial infarction? Or should we attempt to determine if treatment is beneficial before making any general recommendations; unfortunately to obtain this kind of information will be very expensive and require many years. Hypertension has been with us a very long while. When effective antihypertensive drugs were introduced in the 1950s, individual centers quickly demonstrated that treating "malignant" hypertension made a dramatic impact on morbidity and mortality. With severe but nonaccelerated hypertension, the affect was less dramatic and required longer to demonstrate. Not until this decade, however, was the first clear-cut evidence obtained that treating moderate hypertension not only lowered blood pressure but also lowered morbidity and mortality. To demonstrate the benefits of treating moderate hypertension required a multi-institutional cooperative study with a "double-blind" design. We are now confronted with the problem of mild hypertension-to treat it or not to treat it. To answer this question will apparently be vastly more difficult than it was for moderate hypertension. As we shall hear later, the recently concluded United States Public Health Service intervention trial failed to demonstrate any prevention of coronary heart disease in drug-treated mild hypertensives. It is also evident that information on the benefit of treating ever milder hypertension will have a higher and higher price as increasingly larger numbers of patients must be followed for increasingly long periods of time with increasing degrees of sophistication. We clearly recognize mild or "borderline" hypertension as a major risk factor in the eventual development of significant arteriosclerotic complications, in particular myocardial infarction and stroke. There are no data, however, which indicate that treating such hypertension lessens the incidence of these complications. Yet there is a critical need for guidance as to whether to treat or not to treat. As members of the original Task Force I set up in 1972 by the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare to provide recommendations regarding the treatment of hypertension in the United States and subsequently as members of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, both Dr. McFate Smith and I have been conscious of very strong pressure to recommend drug therapy for mild hypertension as a matter of public policy without any further investigation. The tantalizing possibility that treatment might influence the current epidemic of myocardial infarction among a very productive segment of our population makes such a recommendation attractive.


Organocerium reagents, prepared by reaction of aromatic and primary and secondary alkyllithium reagents with anhydrous cerium chloride, add to nitriles twice to give tertiary carbinamines in often excellent yields. Addition of n-BuCeCl 2 to aoetophenone is about 4 times faster than addition to benzonitrile. Only 1,2-diaddition is observed in the reaction of MeCeCl 2 with cinnamonitrile. The species formed in the double addition of organocerium reagents to nitriles are sufficiently basic to generate a benzyne intermediate by abstraction of an aromatic proton and nucleophilic enough to undergo an intramolecular Chichibabin reaction


This paper presents a phasor modeling of a Transformer Series Voltage Source Converter (TSVSC) for voltage control. It is shown that the voltage in the system can be controlled in a simple way. The VSC is connected in series with the secondary of the transformer of the system imposing a voltage, which has controlled magnitude and phase in quadrature with the current on it. The voltage control at the transformer terminals (secondary side) is done changing the VSC voltage magnitude for two conditions for its phase: +90˚ or −90˚ from line current. The analysis has shown that the Transformer Series VSC can control the voltage in an effective way as in the case of using a conventional STATCOM or can control the power flow as an SSSC. The operation as a voltage controller or a power flow controller depends on the relative size of the impedance in series with the TSVSC and the current phase. The system studied was implemented in the Matlab simulator.


In cases of severe injuries or burns, skin grafts (scaffold) are often necessary skin substitutes. To not harm the patient or the donor, research is necessary to search for heterografts, that are formed by biomaterials and are also biodegradable and bioabsorbable to the human body, as is the case with poly (L-lactic acid) - PLA. However, the natural polymers placed on the skin suffer great degradation in media with large amounts of carbon and water, have little durability due to their low ductility. For the proposal, the graphene oxide (GO) nanocharge and pseudoboehmite (PB) were obtained. It is believed that the nanofillers dispersed in the polymer matrix can improve mechanical properties regarding ductility and tenacity, without losing thermal properties. Subsequently, the hybrid nanocharge dispersion methods were employed to obtain in the poly (L-Lactic Acid) (PLA) matrix, forming the material for the desired scaffold. For this research, injectable specimens of pure PLA, PLA structured with GO nanoparticles, and PLA structured with PB nanoparticles, were manufactured. The microstructural and mechanical characterizations were performed on the specimens, to compare the effect generated by the nanocharges on the bulk material. The results showed that the increase in the concentrations of PB and GO nanofillers showed an increase in tenacity and ductility compared to pure PLA, a property that is desired in the scaffold structure.


This paper focuses on the analysis on the goal of industrial design program from the perspective of the necessity,contents and principles for undergraduate students.It also pays attention to the discussion on how to realize undergraduates's classification orientation and how to reach undergarduates's training standards.With the general requirements that the undergraduates should master broad and profound knowledge,possess comprehensive and creative design ability,the author present the construction scheme of knowledge system for the industrial design program.Finally a few of educational reform measures to are put forward fulfil the goal,in ability,knowledge and all-around development.


It is a well-known fact that except when a country is defending herself from an armed attack, all recourse to force must be authorized by the Security Council. In early 2003, when President Bush became frustrated at the reluctance of the UN Security Council to authorize the use of force against Iraq for stalling on the weapons inspections regime, he told the world in no uncertain terms that America would attack Iraq alone if necessary. This, of course, is not the first time a country has claimed that the impotence of the Security Council should not stand in the way of what is otherwise practically just and even morally legitimate. Indeed, five years earlier, in Kosovo, NATO acted without prior Security Council authorization as well. What I want to explore in this article is the question of whether countries retain a residual right to act outside of such authorization on the basis of what I call the trusteeship analogy.


Traditional microeconomic approaches to money demand issues are considered in the article. The author also discusses current view of monetary theory on concept of "money". New approach gives reasoning to existence of variety of payment innovations.


To establish a simple method to separate and purify the magnesium lignosulfonate from the red liquor, the properties of the alkali precipitation of magnesium lignosulfonate in the red liquor were investigated. The results show that the magnesium lignosulfonate could be precipitated by alkali from red liquor. The maximum amount of precipitation occurs when pH value was 13. The precipitation of the red liquor of acid magnesium sulfite is caused by magnesium. It was different from sodium lignosulfonate of the red liquor of acid sodium sulfite. The repeated alkaline precipitation after acid soluble method could be isolated and purified lignosulfonate magnesium effectively at some extent.


The Performance of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-based watermarking methods has been carefully examined in the literature. Although the watermark in most of the literature was embedded in the DFT magnitudes using bit plane embedding, it was recently embedded in the Direct Current (DC) coefficient in the spatial domain. However, data loss due to rounding and replacement operations are still evident. Therefore, the objective of the method proposed here was to combine previous literature designs to implement a reversible DFT-based watermarking method for image ownership protection using bit plane embedding in the DC coefficient. The watermark was embedded in a middle bit plane of the DC coefficient for each DFT-transformed image block. In order to ensure reversibility and improve the security level, a combination of double Feynman and XOR gates was used to shuffle the watermark bits. The results revealed that the 8th (PSNR/SSIM = 32dB/0.8826), the 9th (PSNR/SSIM = 38dB/0.0.9587), and the 10th (PSNR/SSIM = 44dB/0.9917) bit planes for block sizes of 4×4, 8×8, and 16×16, respectively, were the best bit planes showing good imperceptibility and resistance to compression, filtering, and noise attacks. In conclusion, embedding the DC coefficients rather than all the magnitudes has influentially increased the watermarking robustness. In contrast, embedding the DC coefficients in the frequency domain rather than the spatial domain reduced the image's structural contents distortion. Furthermore, the proposed method for grayscale images is effective in applications where reversibility is desired. However, further studies to find colored images' reversible methods are recommended.

http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/resources/files/Pertanika PAPERS/JST Vol. 30 (3) Jul. 2022/07 JST-3287-2021.pdf


Cats were trained to respond to a 10‐msec burst of filtered noise using a shock‐avoidance procedure in a double‐grill box. Forward, backward, and simultaneous masking by a 500‐msec burst of wide‐band noise at 75 dB SPL was measured. One or more cortical or subcortical lesions were made in the central auditory system and masking curves determined after each operation. Extensive cortical removals including AI, AII, I‐T, and adjacent areas had no effect on masking curves. A hemineodecortication plus a contralateral section of the brachium of the inferior colliculus produced a marked increase in both backward and forward masking. Similar effects on backward and forward masking were found after removal of the inferior colliculi alone or in combination with cortical removals. Simultaneous masking was reduced in both cases owing to elevated absolute thresholds. An extra‐lemniscal pathway projecting to "nonauditory" cortex can apparently maintain normal signal discrimination in the absence of the auditory project...


Abstract : We participated in the Robust, HARD and part of the QA tracks in TREC2003. For Robust track, a new way of doing ad-hoc retrieval based on web assistance was introduced. For HARD track, we followed the guideline to generate clarification forms for each topic so as to experiment with user feedback and metadata. In QA, we only did the factoid experiment. The approach to QA was similar to what we have used before, except that WWW searching was added as a front-end processing. These experiments are described in Sections 2, 3 and 4 respectively.


This paper describes the Subband-Autocorrelation (SBCOR) analysis technique and investigates how to apply it to speech recognition. The SBCOR analysis is a new signal analysis technique based on filter bank and autocorrelation analysis. The SBCOR analysis system is evaluated for five types of filter bank and three autocorrelation detectors using a speaker-dependent DTW word recognition system. The experimental results show that the SBCOR spectrum performs equally as well as the smoothed group delay spectrum under clean conditions, and much better than it under noisy conditions. Finally, it is shown that the most suitable filter bank is a fixed Q filter bank whose center frequencies are equally spaced on the Bark scale, and the most suitable autocorrelation analysis is a conventional autocorrelation detection without controlling weak signals. An analysis example of speech is also shown under these conditions.


ABSTRACT The acidification and loss of nutrients and organic matter in tropical soils are indicators of chemical degradation. In such a scenario, alkalized sewage sludge (SS) for fertilization and reclamation of soils is a promising alternative. Here, we evaluate the impact of SS on soil fertility, sugarcane nutrition and yield in three successive crops. The treatments consisted of five rates of SS (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 t ha−1) and one treatment with mineral fertilizers. The soil characteristics, plant nutrition, and sugarcane yield were assessed. The results showed that SS increased the pH and the sum of bases, reducing exchangeable aluminum and improving chemical soil conditions. SS also increased soil organic matter (SOM), but SOM decreased over time. Likewise, the N and P contents in the soil were decreased with the successive crops. Sugarcane yield increased following SS rates and reduced with each crop cycle. The yields for plant cane, first ratoon, and second ratoon were 174, 94, and 74 t ha−1 at a rate of 40 t ha−1; these values were 75, 19, and 61% higher, respectively, than the mineral fertilization. SS can aid the reclamation of the chemically degraded soil, contributing to sugarcane nutrition and increased yields.


The design of a 60 GHz four-stage cascaded low noise amplifier (LNA) is presented in this paper. By using proper microstrip transmission lines in the gate and source of the common-source transistor, high stability factor and low noise figure are obtained simultaneously. The proposed LNA is designed in 130nm CMOS technology and simulated using ADS software employing accurate models for both transistors and microstrip lines. The simulation results show a 14 dB gain and less than a 4 dB noise figure at 60 GHz. The stability factor (K) of the designed LNA is more than 10 in hole of the desired bandwidth.


In this study, CdS quantum dots (QDs) capped with mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) were prepared in one step. The size, shape, component and spectral properties of MSA-capped CdS QDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) and infrared (IR) spectrometry. The results showed that the prepared QDs with an average diameter of 6 nm have favorable fluorescence, which is greatly influenced by the pH of the environment. The interaction of some heavy metal ions including Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Co2+ with MSA-capped CdS QDs was investigated in different buffering pH media. Based on the fluorescence quenching of the QDs in the presence of each of the metal ions, the feasibility of their determinations was examined according to the Stern–Volmer equation. The investigations showed that Hg(II) ions can be determined in the presence of many co-existing metal ions at a buffering pH of 5. This method was satisfactorily applied to the measurement of Hg(II) ions in some environmental samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A monoclonal antibody (ML30) raised against the 65 kDa heat‐shock protein of mycobacteria showed widespread staining of sections from standard paraffin‐embedded human tissues. The staining had a granular pattern and was particularly marked in cells with abundant mitochondria. Increased staining was observed in the synovial lining, histocytes and in the endothelium of reactive and rheumatoid synovium; it was also increased in the reactive lung alveolar lining. It is suggested that the antibody identifies an epitope in mitochondria of a protein homologous with the groEL heat‐shock protein of bacteria.


Biogas derived from organic wastes is considered as good alternative to petroleum fuels. It can be used in compression ignition (CI) engines, because of its better mixing ability with air and clean burning nature. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of various organic substances such as kitchen wastes, agricultural wastes, municipal solid wastes, cow dung etc., in absence of oxygen, which offers low cost and low emissions than any other secondary fuels. It can be a supplemented to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG), if it is used in compressed form in cylinders. This study reviews the current status and perspectives of biogas production, its' up gradation through purification & storage methods and its engine applications. Here through detailed literature review, the combustion characteristics of biogas in compression ignition engines are investigated. Key wordsAnaerobic digestion, Biogas, Dual fuel, HCCI, I.C engine, C.I engine.


In Nigeria, the Universal Basic Education (UBE) is the foundation of the education system. The implication of this is that the overall success or otherwise of the educational system delivery will depend, to a large extent, on the functionality of the basic education scheme. The rationale for this paper is based on the fact that the Education for All (EFA) target by 2015 and a cardinal objective of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) is for member countries to provide functional basic education to their citizenry. This paper therefore examines the leadership and administrative aspects which are quite crucial to the successful implementation of the scheme. The author discusses the main issues of leadership and administration, and makes a case for the possession and utilization of these skills by the head teachers for quality management of the UBE programme in the country. Key words : Leadership, Administration, Administrative skills and Universal Basic Education


A set of control system of the elevator model was developed,which takes CompactLogix5335E produced by Rockwell at the core,and takes the use of PowerFlex40 for timing.In the article,the design technique about the system's hardware and software is showed to readers.This system that can be used in PLC programming training provides a seasonable platform for examining the correctness of PLC programming.Besides,it can be applied for Internship and practical training proverbially.


Variations in volatile composition of the leaf and fruit oils from Callicarpa macrophylla were compared, using GC-FID, Kovat's Index calculation, and GC/MS. The oils were rich in selinene derivatives. The fruit oil was comprised of 41.6% β-selinene and 6% α-selinene. The leaves from both the harvests contained 29% and 20% β-selinene and 1.7% α-selinene. In addition, dendrolasin, a potential perfumery natural furanoid sesquiterpenoid, was a characteristic of both leaf and fruit essential oils.


The present invention relates to a two-stroke engine. It is characterized by that the relative positions of its scavenge port and exhaust port are changed, the position of the scavenge port is higher, and on the scavenge port, a check valve is mounted so as to form the invented engine with stratified charge and stratified combustion.


This article investigates a yearlong professional development experience provided to two cohorts within a doctoral program for early career school leaders. Drawing from situated learning theory, we examined one aspect of this program's pedagogy, which centers on the use of field-based application-oriented projects that leaders must take up in their school settings. From this investigation, we identified and reported two key elements of the school context that were regularly drawn into leaders' application-oriented learning experiences. We also illustratively highlight several of the authentic leadership consideration and practice experiences that were enabled.


This paper expounds the practical significance of information literacy education of university,analyzes the problems existing in current information literacy education of university,and advances some development countermeasures for the future information literacy education of university.


A high density of 180° ferroelectric domains in Ca_ 0.28 Ba_ 0.72 Nb_2O_6 ℃BN-28) single crystals has been observed with the aid of transmission electron microscopy. The 180° domains appear predominantly spike-shaped or rod-shaped along the polar axis (c-axis) and have a typical diameter of 50~500 nm. The motion of domain walls was occasionally induced by electron beam irradiation. In-situ observations during heating were carried out in an electron microscope. Macrodomains-to-microdomains transition, corresponding to the normal-to-relaxor ferroelectrics transition, has been observed near the ferroelectric phase transition temperature T_c.


Indian power system is characterized by cluster of Extra High Voltage Alternating Current (EHVAC), High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC), Ultra High Voltage Direct Current(UHVDC), Multi-Terminal HVDC (MTDC-HVDC) transmission network, large distribution network across the country along with conventional generation having Ultra Mega Power Plants (UMPP) and increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In such a scenario, the System Integrity and Protection Schemes (SIPS) plays important role in maintaining a secure, reliable grid and assists in effective grid management in India during conditions severe than (N-1) contingencies, disturbances/occurrences. This paper discusses the operational experience of implementing SIPS schemes in India. The operational experience of two prime SIPS schemes, one in the Northern Regional (NR) part of India and another in the Western Regional (WR) part of India are presented in this paper. Utilization of synchrophasor/Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) in understanding the behaviour of the grid during major contingencies in these regions and subsequent operation of SIPS to tackle them is also explained in brief. In order to assess quantitatively the reliability of SIPS, there has to be a set of performance indices. This paper proposes a procedure for evaluating the performance of SIPS. It highlights the method for calculating Dependability index (D), Security index (S) and Reliability index (R) for SIPS based on the actual operational field data of SIPS in the Indian context.


Recently the integration and development of ST(Spatial Technology) and forest geographic information have been used very efficiently for the forest administration. However, even though many application system related to forest information have been developed and improved, there are still paper based inventories management and hand work for data construction and upgrade. In this study the forest information warehouse, which is mapped and managed at work-site operations, was constructed based GIS technology so that the standardization and consistency of current data could be acquired in real time. In addition, these thematic maps were conducted on high resolution satellite images and managed in web based forest information data warehouse form and finally shared through Internet for the very first-line administration officials. This study shows that the forest information standardization service of municipal governments very first time in the Korea and provides the unified decision making support and enterprise formed forest database so that is expected to be the very successful sample to suggest the prototype of national forest spatial data infrastructure.


Logistic park programming belongs to multi-factors complicated system programming.Behind every large port,it forms some kind of logistic enterprises clusters in port-centered logistic park which process self-organization characteristics and a relatively stable life circle.Cellular Automata(short for CA),is a kind of model which is an effective tool to research self-organizational complicate system.This paper tries to use complicate system cellular automate modeling method to analyses evolution behavior of logistic enterprises in the complicated system of port-centered logistic park.


The aim of the present work was to study the boundary layer thickness growth with vertical spires of varying heights and c/c spacing. In this study, it was observed that boundary layer thickness is affected by the presence of vertical spires in wind tunnel. Various spires of different heights 20, 30 and 40 cm with wall clearance of 2.5 cm were used to study their effects. The boundary layer thickness was in turn affected by the configuration of the spires. It was observed that boundary layer thickness increases with increase in height of the spires within the cross section of the wind tunnel and boundary layer thickness. Also, boundary layer thickness increases with decrease in c/c spacing of the spires. At a working section, the velocity profiles were plotted and boundary layer thickness in each case was calculated (the height from the surface to the point of 99 per cent of the main stream velocity). In this way the boundary layer thickness was calculated for different working sections.


Patients with melanoma who have received ipilimumab appear to be at an increased risk for a drug-hypersensitivity rash when treated with vemurafenib.


Background: Immunization safety is greatly dependent upon vaccine safety, safe injections and waste disposal. Vaccines are sensitive to heat and freezing so must be kept at the correct temperature from the time they are manufactured until they are used in order to preserve their quality. Objective: This study aimed to determine immunization safety among immunization centers in El-Obeid, Sudan. Methodology: Facility based descriptive cross-sectional study in El Obeid was done, the entire target population was covered (34), data were collected with questionnaires and observation checklists, and analyzed by SPSS. Results: In this study, 3% of immunization centers were storing the vaccine with drugs and chemicals. In 73.5% of immunization centers, there is no space between vaccines in refrigerator during vaccine arranagement. About 52.9% of health workers, in immunization, did not aware about multi-dose vial policy. All health workers (100%) were use new syrings for any child. About 11.7% of health workers exposed previously to needle stick. 35.3% of health centers fill the safety box above 3⁄4 of the box size, and about 91.2% of immunization centers storing injection waste separately. Conclusion: Immunization safety in E-Obeid immunization centers was poor, it demand intervention through excessive training and health education of health workers.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the relationships between resilience, coping and adjustment to illness and to identify the effect of resilience on adjustment in children with chronic illness. Method: The participants in this study were 71 children who were seen at one of 3 hospitals, either in outpatient clinics or as admitted patients. Instruments used in this study were self-reported questionnaires. The data were collected from March to October, 2005 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. Result: Adjustment to illness was significantly different according to sex and birth rank. There was a significant correlation between resilience, coping and adjustment to illness. Resilience was a predictor of adjustment to illness and accounted for 28% of the variance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that programs and strategies that enhance resilience by promoting social competence and support-seeking skills and by fostering self-esteem and coping should be developed for children with chronic illness.


: In this paper, we proposed a partial-way set associative cache memory with an effective memory access time and low energy consumption. In the proposed set-associative cache memory, it is allowed to access only a 2-ways among 4-way at a time. Choosing ways to be accessed is made dynamically via the least significant two bits of the tag. The chosen 2 ways are sequentially accessed by the way selection bits that indicate the most recently referred way. Therefore, each entry in the way has an additional bit, that is, the way selection bit. In addition, instead of the 4-way LRU or FIFO algorithm, we can utilize a simple 2-way replacement policy. Simulation results show that the energy*delay product can be reduced by about 78%, 14%, 39%, and 15% compared with a 4-way set associative cache, a sequential-way cache, a way-tracking cache, and a way cache respectively.


A module M is said to belifting if, for anysubmodule N of M, there exists a direct summand X of M contained in N such that N/X is small in M/X. A module M is said to satisfy the finite internal exchange propertyif, for any direct summand X of M and any finite direct sum decomposition M=Lni=1Mi, there exists a direct summand M′i of Mi (i= 1,2, . . . , n) such that M=X⊕(Lni=1M′i). In this paper, we first give characterizations forthe square of a hollow and uniform module to be lifting (extending). In addition, we solve negatively the question "Does any lifting module satisfy the finite internal exchange property?" as an application of this result.


Backgrounds: Adolescents are an age group that vulnerable experiencing of malnutrition both over nutrition and undernutrition caused by rapid physical growth, hormonal changes to the reproductive system and psychosocial changes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the socioeconomic factors that influenced the incidence of malnutrition in adolescents. Methods: The design study was cross sectional study conducted in MTS Model 1 Limboto State. Sampling was used an accidental sampling technique with 251 adolescents. Research variables were included nutritional status, socioeconomic status, knowledge, attitudes, and nutritional behavior. Analysis of the association between variables using the chi square test with a value α = 0.05. The results showed as many as 10.0% of adolescents were stunted, 23.5% of adolescents were obese, 72.5% low nutritional knowledge, 41.8% negative balanced nutrition attitudes and 45.4% poor balanced nutrition behavior. Analysis chi square test was showed the father education related to the incidence of stunting in adolescents (p = 0.001) , but analysis of social economy with the incidence of stunting and obesity in adolescent respectively maternal education (p = 0.051 and p = 0.647), mother occupation (p = 0.385 and p = 0.206), family income (p = 1,000 and p = 0.061), caregivers (p = 0.496 Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics Vol. 8, No. 1, 2020: 9-21 Available online at: http://ejo rnal.almaata.ac.id/index.php/IJND DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2020.8(1).9-21 10 Nuryani, Yeni Paramata, Vol 8 No. 1, 2020: 9-21 Besides, the issue of adolescent stunting nutrition is also important, because of the impacts for the next stage of the life cycle. Stunting is a condition of a chronic nutritional problem that shows a past nutritional history and is heavily influenced by environmental and socioeconomic factors (12). Many adolescents in developing countries experience malnutrition problems that cause adolescent ranges to experience health problems and premature death. Numerous studies show high stunting and thin adolescents in developing countries (13). Therefore, monitoring of nutritional status in groups of children and adolescents is important in monitoring public health (14). The risk factors have an impact on the health of mothers and newborns which was begin in adolescents, including adolescent nutrient deficiencies. The low body mass index significantly increases the risk of perinatal including stillbirth, miscarriage, small for gestational age and low birth weight. Anemia iron deficiency is the highest component causing disability for adolescents (2). Overweight in the pre-pregnancy period is closely related to two main causes of maternal death namely pregnancy hypertension and gestational diabetes which correlate with side effects of pregnancy outcomes such as poor breastfeeding practice, obstructive anesthesia associated with pregnancy complications and infections postpartum (16). Socioeconomic status can be a risk factor for nutritional problems in adolescents. Father and mother education, working mothers are significant risk factors for adolescents obesity in Gorontalo City (17). Social demographic and economic factors include adolescent age, maternal age, eating habits, residence, income, parents occupation, education level and cultural factors related to nutritional status in adolescents (18–20). Stunting with indicator and p = 0.525), number of siblings (p = 0.131 and p = 0.903), gender (p = 0.298 and p = 1,000), nutrition knowledge (p = 0.767 and p = 0.447), attitudes (p = 0.656 and p = 0.805) and nutrition behavior (p = 1,000 and p = 0.268) were not related to the incidence of stunting and obesity in adolescents. Conclusion: It was concluded that socioeconomic factors namely father education were significantly related to the incidence of stunting in adolescents.


Solution by Harris Kwong, SUNY Fredonia, Fredonia, NY. Call a vertex or an edge of cor(G) original if it belongs to the original graph G and coronal otherwise. Let S be an independent edge-set of size i . If S contains j original edges, then the other i − j edges in S are coronal. Thus, the edges of S are incident to 2 j + (i − j) = i + j original vertices (which are all distinct, by independence). Taking the j original edges in S together with the n − (i + j) coronal edges that are each incident to (exactly) one of the n − (i + j) original vertices not incident to any edge in S, we obtain an independent edge-set S′ of size j + [n − (i + j)] = n − i . The figure below shows an example of the passage from S (whose edges are the solid lines on the left graph) to S′ (whose edges are the solid lines on the right graph).


This invention discloses a method for mobile terminal obtaining information from service provider, which contains service provider storing the information to be published in image and publishing said image, setting image information obtaining device in mobile terminal, obtaining information stored in image of service provider through image information obtaining device and processing said information by own stored application program. Said invention solves the problem that the payment is needed in current technology to obtain relative information. In said invention, the service provider can conveniently update own published information.


Appropriateness is very important in oral communication.By analyzing the problems in oral communication,this article puts forward some efficient ways to raise college students'awareness of appropriateness in oral communication.


Professionalism is the by-word for this group of papers. What makes a professional person and how do you teach it? Where does the role of the extended nurse stop? We are in an age of blurring of professional boundaries, and the rounded aspects of what people expect from a doctor must be considered. We need to resist the bean-counters where possible, and be mindful of Einstein's dictum that (and I paraphrase) those things that can be counted don't always matter, and those things that matter you can't always count.


Mutual optical bistability is found for several modes in open cavities containing second- or third-order nonlinear materials. The quantum-statistical treatment yields the Fokker-Planck equation for any system of damped boson modes. Under certain conditions it is possible to state the extrema of the steady solution of the Fokker-Planck equation. They are compared with the steady states resulting from the classical deterministic treatment. In some cases both statements coincide.


An investigation was made of Pt–Ir silicide films on (100)Si prepared by deposition of submonolayer thickness of Pt followed by 20–30 A of Ir. Submonolayer coverages of Pt induce a crystalline texture approaching an epitaxial relationship between the normally amorphous IrSi film and the crystalline (100) Si substrate. Films were prepared using e‐beam deposition, substrate temperature of 350 °C, and pressure at deposition ∼10−7 Torr. Rutherford backscattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy are used to characterize composition and thickness. Grain structure and crystallinity as well as film and substrate interface characteristics are functions of predeposition conditions. Simple diode measurements illustrate the effect of predeposited Pt on the emission coefficient and cutoff wavelength. Data suggests a model where the predeposited Pt acts as nucleation sites for crystal growth.


Background Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammation of the fat cells under the skin (panniculitis) characterized by tender red nodules. EN is an immunologic response to a variety of different causes. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, course, and prognosis of EN obseved in internal medecine Methods Over 13 years, patients with EN were included in a retrospective study. After a history and a physical examination, a clinical diagnosis was made according to well-established criteria. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 14 Results We have collected 81 cases. They were 11 males and 70 females. The mean age at presentation was 37.6 years (range: 14-77). 22% of patients had presented an anterior episode of EN. The nodules were situated at the legs (97.5%), the thighs (16%) and the upper limbs (24.5%). The EN was bilateral in 92.6% of cases. The EN was frequently associated with fever (62%), joint pain and inflammation (27%). In about 33% of cases, the cause of EN was unknown. Unless, it was a streptococcal infection (41%), tuberculosis (4%), medications (11%), Behçet's disease (6%), sarcoidosis (5%). Evolution under treatment was favorable and nodules of EN regressed within four weeks averagely. A recurrence of EN had occurred in 18.5% of cases. Conclusions EN is the most frequent clinico-pathological variant of the panniculitides, it may be associated with a wide variety of diseases requiring a minute etiological research. References Sang Won Yi and Al. Erythema Nodosum: Clinicopathologic Correlations and Their Use in Differential Diagnosis. Yonsei Med J. 2007 August 31; 48(4): 601–608. Requena L, Sánchez Yus E. Erythema nodosum. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2007 Jun;26(2):114-25. Requena L, Yus ES. Erythema nodosum. Dermatol Clin. 2008 Oct;26(4):425-38, v. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


We took Shanghai Metro Line 2 as an example to analyze the impact of the implementation of fast-and-slow-line operation scheme on the efficiency of Metro operation. First of all, in order to measure the operation efficiency of the train, this paper adopts three indicators: average time, maximum bearing capacity as well as construction cost. Secondly, in order to analyze the time saved when the fast lines does not stop at the station, we divided the train operation process into four stages: acceleration, uniform speed, deceleration and rest. We first carried out an exploratory study. Then we used MATLAB software to simulate the time needed for the fast and slow lines system to complete the whole journey respectively. The result shows that the time for the fast lines could be reduced by 23 min under the same high speed. In determining the stations for the fast lines to stop, we took the minimum average travel time of passengers as the goal, the passenger flow of each platform and the starting station as constraints to build a 0-1 optimization model. Then we calculated the best platforms for fast lines to stop by the violent search algorithm, and adjusted the stop station slightly according to the actual situation of passenger transfer, so as to make the final scheme for fast lines to stop. In addition, we also carried out sensitivity analysis on the operation efficiency. The result showed that the fasts and slow lines system with different speeds had the highest operating efficiency, followed by the fast and slow lines system with the same speed and the slow train system.


In turbulent open-channel flows with low relative submersion, mobile bottom boundary and high spatial variability there is little experimental evidence on the budget of TKE. In particular, upscaling TKE characterization with double-average (DA) should be necessary to fully understand the terms of turbulent production. The objectives of the present experimental work are i) to quantify the production and dissipation terms of the equation of conservation of TKE in turbulent open-channel flows with low to moderate submergence, verifying local equilibrium hypothesis ii) to assess the influence of a mobile boundary. To fulfil the objectives, instantaneous velocity data were obtained in two similar flumes with 2D PIV and with LDA. The production terms were computed assuming that, in the absence of buoyancy forces, conversion of mean kinetic energy into TKE corresponds to shear production. The rate of dissipation was computed from the transverse Taylor microscale. The results show that equilibrium between rates of production and dissipation is pushed further up in the water column as the bed mobility becomes important and bedload increases. Wake production terms are non-negligible below the crests of the roughness elements.


Cryopreservation is discussed as a viable method of preserving teeth for determined autogenous tooth transplantation. Unchanged physical properties of hard tooth tissues are crucial for functional healing. Due to different thermal expansion coefficients of enamel and dentin or the crystallization process, the freezing process may lead to crack formation, which could adversely impact the long‐term prognosis of the teeth.


The last decade has witnessed a remarkable progress in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanoparticles have been extensively used in diverse areas including, medicine, sensor, and catalysis. The finding and easy convenience of nanoparticles (NPs) with different size, shape, and composition has inspired for investigations on their applications in catalysis. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles such as iron-based nanoparticles have attracted much consideration due to their unique properties, such as superparamagnetism, greater surface area, surface-to-volume ratio, and easy separation methodology. They increase the competence of organic reactions in activity, selectivity, yield, simplicity, and sustainability. In this review we have focused on the developments of iron/iron oxide-based nanoparticles-catalyzed organic reactions and some examples for the use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as carriers/support for main catalyst in organic reactions. Owing to magnetic properties, these nanocatalysts can be easily recovered from reaction mixture by an external magnet and reused for several runs without loss of catalytic activity. Catalytic processes with application of iron-based nanoparticles are in a broad range. Notable attention is paid to hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes and also hydrogenation of nitroarenes to aniline. Other catalyzed organic reactions consist of hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones, oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles, azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds, multicomponent reactions and cross-coupling reactions for C–C and C–heteroatom bond formation.


After some decades of existence, ecological economics is a thriving field of knowledge. Our purpose here is not to engage in the normative debate about what it should be, but rather to introduce the Handbook we have edited, while also trying to provide some insight into what constitutes the ontological foundations of ecological economics. In the concluding chapter we shall elaborate on the most salient current concerns of the field, as well as on its future. This compilation of chapters aims, on the one hand, to present and stimulate the debate on the scope and methods of the multifaceted transdisciplinary field that was baptized as ecological economics in the late 1980s and, on the other, to comprehensively review the 'state of the art' in several exciting, relevant and rather new subjects dealing with the fluid interface between economic and ecological systems. The Handbook covers a wide range of appealing topics but it would be too ambitious to attempt to review the vast history and current production of ecological economics in a single volume. Moreover, this compendium is the result of combining the tastes of the editors with the generous availability of the invited authors. Therefore, we do not pretend to have made a full overview of all major trends and issues of ecological economics. Our goal is more modest. We have invited some of the leading authors in the field to reflect on the most important developments in the subjects in which they are experts, and in doing so to contribute to disseminate within the ecological economics and other communities what they consider to be the most significant achievements and challenges in specific areas of knowledge. The outcome is stimulating and we hope enjoyable both for junior and experienced readers. The rest of section 1 contains a historical account of ecological economics, while also describing what we consider to be its foundations. The review is not done in a chronological order, but along main foundational propositions. It is meant to be particularly useful for readers not yet familiar with the field. Section 2 briefly summarizes major organizational


Background: Foetal thrombosis of the torcular herophili is a rare entity, usually detected during the 2nd trimester. Prognosis and risk factors for severe outcome are yet poorly characterized, but important for counselling and management. Aim: To describe two new cases of foetal thrombosis of the torcular herophili and review the literature, focusing on prognosis and predictive factors. Methods and Results : We retrospectively reviewed clinical data, antenatal and postnatal MRI findings of two cases of foetal torcular herophili thrombosis diagnosed prenatally. Foetal MRI was performed at 36 and 32 weeks' GA, after abnormal ultrasounds at 32 and 31+5 weeks' GA, respectively. Last clinical and MRI postnatal follow-up was performed at 5 years and 15 months, respectively. Both patients had ischaemic brain lesions and neurological impairment. We found 66 cases reported in the literature. The overall mortality rate was 15% while a favorable outcome was seen in 87% of surviving patients. Risk factors for neurological disability were male sex and ischemic brain lesions, while dural arteriovenous shunt or signs of foetal decompensation were associated with foetal demise or post-natal death. Conclusion : Posterior fossa foetal ultrasound allow suspicion of foetal dural sinus thrombosis, which is confirmed by foetal MRI. Outcome ranges from foetal demise to complete spontaneous regression with normal development. Identified foetal neurological risk factors will help the management of this rare and potentially life threatening condition


OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of olanzapine combined with Shuxuening versus olanzapine in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia inpatients. METHODS Eighty-six patients were recruited in our hospital and randomly assigned to receive olanzapine combined with Shuxuening, or olanzapine for up to 12 weeks. All patients were checked by the scale of PANSS and TESS before treatment and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks during treatment. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the trial group and the control group in efficacy and adverse reactions(P<0.05). The effective rate of the research group was 34.88%, the control group was 20.93%. The incidence rates of adverse reactions in research group were lower than those in control group in dizziness, drowsiness, tachycardia and weight gain. CONCLUSION Olanzapine combined with Shuxuening may be more efficacious than olanzapine lonely in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia patients, and be much lower in adverse reactions.


Climate change is posing very serious challenge and becoming very hazardous problem not only for human beings but also for thousand of species. Rate of global warming is increasing day by day due to several anthropogenic pressures and natural causes also. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the effect of climate change on five (05) major tanks of Bhalki taluka in Bidar district of Karnataka State. Almost all the tanks except one have been constructed before 50 years. Accordingly the present scenario is the actual representation of status of each tank what have been happening during the last 50 years or half a century. As per observation, it is observed that areas of almost all the tanks have been badly effected and reduced by 30 to 40% in comparison to actual area as per record. The living beings status are also going to decrease day by day. All the wetlands possess different types of pollution which are harmful for crops and other plants as well as animals which depend on tank water. As per Meteorological Department's record, maximum temperature before 50 years was 40 0 C and at present it increases upto 45 0 C. It is a serious warning signal specially for this region and if this rate of increasing temperature persists, then during next 50 to 100 years all these categories of wetlands will become completely dry which indirectly effect ground water level and sustainable agriculture leading to question of survival of living beings including human beings. Hence greater attention is required specially by Government bodies and NGOs to protect extinction of such types of wetlands available on this earth.


Various equivalent circuits used, or suggested, for transformers and induction motors are examined by considering them as 4-terminal networks, and determining the corresponding general circuit constants by matrix methods. The information obtainable from tests is discussed, and the use of the 4-terminal network is proposed as considerable generality is achieved by this approach.


This paper proposes an online DC-link capacitor condition monitoring scheme for electric vehicles. Capacitance of both electrolytic and metallized polypropylene film (MPPF) capacitors decreases as the capacitors deteriorates, so that the proposed scheme utilizes the capacitance as the parameter of diagnosis of the DC-link capacitor. Every time the drive system of electric vehicles is turned on and off, the DC-link capacitor is diagnosed by estimating its capacitance. In order to estimate the capacitance, the DC-link capacitor is discharged through the traction motor, and its capacitance is estimated from its voltage and current information. The voltage and current of the DC-link capacitor can be acquired using existing sensors, and no additional hardware is required. During the discharge of the DC-link capacitor, the current flowing through the DC-link capacitor is regulated by a controller which uses relationship between currents of the DC-link capacitor and that of the traction motor. Experimental results show that the capacitance has been estimated within 2% error bound..


Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or male pattern baldness is a polygenic disease with a high prevalence in the Caucasian population, with psychosocial implications. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the possible changes in protein expression of cytokeratin 15 (CK15), tropoelastin (TE) and cellular senescence markers (p15/p16) in AGA patients. Material and methods: An observational, analytical and prospective cohort study was performed in 57 men with AGA (42.31 ±3.01 years). Two tissue biopsies were taken: the control area (C) and the alopecia area (A). Cell viability was assessed using scalp explants from the patients, maintaining explants long term (90 days). Protein expression analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry by detecting antigen-antibody reactions (avidin-biotin complex). Results: The results showed a significantly higher percentage of dead cells in area A (17.00 ±1.09% C vs. 28.50 ±1.41% A, *p < 0.05). The area affected by alopecia showed significantly lower CK15 and TE protein expression in hair follicles, sebaceous glands and epidermis (*p < 0.05). Expression of the senescence marker p15/p16 was significantly higher in hair follicles, hair bulbs and the epidermis (*p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that patients with AGA suffer tissue damage that affects different components of hair follicle stem cells as well as the extracellular matrix itself.


A review of all literature relevant to the passenger car equivalencies of trucks is reported in the form of an annotated bibliography. Unique new methods are described for developing the general passenger car equivalents of trucks on multi-lane rural highways and urban freeways and on rural two-lane highways. These differ from other methods reported to date by both providing equivalencies of trucks as they act and interact as components in the traffic stream and providing these equivalencies over lengths of highways involving several gradients of different percentages and lengths. An unique new method is also described for developing passenger car equivalents at signalized intersections on two or four-lane arterial streets. This method differs from any reported to date by requiring only the data provided in general street inventories. In addition to these methodologies, the report contains matrices of the passenger car equivalents of trucks covering several diverse rural and urban situations.


Displacing a technique for connecting with a device for converting into a differential voltage, to improve the sensitivity of such a device. The disclosed system improves the accuracy and resolution of the converter LVDT like by converting a specific part of the circuit to the digital circuit. One embodiment uses the processor, but other digital processing circuitry may be used.


Cannabis sativa leaves contains a variety of active ingredients,including cannabinoid and non-cannabinoid.Active ingredients from Cannabis sativa leaves have a high application value in the pharmacy and other fields.In this paper,the pharmacological characteristics of cannabinoid,non-cannabinoid and unknown active ingredients was summarized.


The use of cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcement in polymers brings challenges mainly related to the dry thermal processing, and their adhesion and dispersion in the matrix. In this work, cellulose nanocrystals from sugarcane bagasse was used as reinforcement in nanocomposites of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. Thus, the main objective of this work is to evaluate the mechanical and thermal performance of cellulose nanocrystals/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (CNC/ABS) nanocomposites as a function of cellulose nanocrystals type and content. More specifically, to study the effects of the chemical interaction between acrylonitrile groups from ABS and hydroxyl groups from cellulose. The ABS and the nanocomposites, reinforced with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt% nanocrystals, were obtained by extrusion and then injection molded to obtain specimens for testing. Mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, rheology and thermogravimetric analysis were used for characterization. The main results are related to increased impact strength, elastic modulus, storage modulus and viscosity of the nanocomposite compared to ABS. However, tensile strength and thermal stability decreased. Therefore, if higher tensile properties are needed, the CNC220/ABS nanocomposites should be preferred whereas, for impact, CNC150/ABS. Thus, there is a general improvement in properties up to 0.5% cellulose nanocrystals content, which is followed by a loss in properties for higher content.


This manuscript presents a preliminary investigation on the applicability of hyperspectral imaging technology for nondestructive and rapid analysis to reveal covered original handwritings. The hyperspectral imager Nuance-Macro was used to collect the reflected light signature of inks from the overlapping parts. The software Nuance1p46 was used to analyze the reflected light signature of inks which shows the covered original handwritings. Different types of black/blue ballpoint pen inks and black/blue gel pen inks were chosen for sample preparation. From the hyperspectral images examined, the covered original handwritings of application were revealed in 90.5%, 69.1%, 49.5%, and 78.6% of the cases. Further, the correlation between the revealing effect and spectral characteristics of the reflected light of inks at the overlapping parts was interpreted through theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The results indicated that when the spectral characteristics of the reflected light of inks at the overlapping parts were the same or very similar to that of the ink that was used to cover the original handwriting, the original handwriting could not be shown. On the contrary, when the spectral characteristics of the reflected light of inks at the overlapping parts were different to that of the ink that was used to cover the original handwriting, the original handwriting was revealed.


MHC‐class‐I‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for tumor‐associated antigens expressed by malignant cells are important components of the immune response against cancer. Recently, tumor‐specific CTL could be generated in vitro, with responding lymphocytes from the blood of healthy blood donors. In the present study, we confirm that peptide‐specific stimulation in vitro can induce high‐affinity CTL capable of recognizing tumor cells expressing the appropriate tumor antigen. These tyrosinase‐specific CTL display a restricted usage of TCRAV and TCRBV gene segments but of diverse CDR3 regions, resulting in a distinct fine‐specificity for each CTL clone. This suggests that, similar to in vivo priming, peptide‐pulsed APC are capable of stimulating a T‐cell response in vitro expressing a limited TCR repertoire against autologous tumors. The generated CTL can recognize their target structure with high affinity, and this correlates in part with tumor‐cell lysis. This methodology may be used to treat melanoma patients with infusion of ex vivo‐induced and ‐expanded CTL. Int. J. Cancer 72:1122–1128, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This study sheds light on the role of corporate social responsibility in )rms' growth by investigating how and what corporate social activities may ,ow down china auto industry market. This study results based on in-depth case studies from 5 international auto corporations suggest that positive diverse corporate social responsibility ampli)ed that the in,uence of commitment to the customer on )rm's brand loyalty and sustainable growth. The most important thing is that strategic corporate social responsibility activities including new venture creation support and national project program will have a positive in,uence on the )rm's growth and brand reputation. We build on advanced solutions to examine the unique and joint activities of auto corporations based on china auto industry market and important factors affecting sustainable growth in auto corporations. Contributions and implication of this study for current and future corporate social responsibility research are discussed. Keyword: Corporate Social Responsibility, China Auto Market, Sustainable Growth. * 논문접수일: 2015년 7월 4일; 1차 수정: 2015년 8월 15일; 2차 수정: 2015년 9월 9일; 게재 확정: 2015년 9월 11일 ** 제1저자 *** 교신저자 1. 서론 글로벌 금융위기와 환경오염, 천연자원 고갈로 인해 지속가능 발전이 세계 최대 이슈로 주목받고 있는 지 금 기업들에게 강조되는 핵심 요인 중 하나는 바로 사 회적 책임이다. 기업의 사회적 책임은 기업이 이윤극 대화 이외의 목적으로 더 많은 이해관계자 집단의 복 지를 향상시켜야 할 책무를 의미한다(Margolis and Walsh, 2003). 즉, 기업이 이익창출 입장에만 의무를 다하는 것이 아니라, 기업의 재화를 소비하는 소비자 와 단체, 나아가 지역 사회와 국가 그리고 인류의 번영 과 발전을 위한 책무를 다해야 함을 의미한다. 최근 기업가와 기업에 대한 윤리의식이 강조되면서 http://dx.doi.org/10.15813/kmr.2015.16.3.006


Objective To determine the content of five trace metal elements(Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn,Ca) in Black Nightshade Herb.MethodsThe sample was digested with microwave digestion system,and rate determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS);ResultsThe method is simple,rapid and accurate.The recovery was 98.75% ~102.50%,and RSD was 0.1297%~1.2177%.ConclusionThe contents of Ca,Mn,Fe in the Black Nightshade Herb are abundant.


By analyzing cause of the hospital charge crisis,using the general theory and method of crisis management,it analyzed and evaluated the crisis of the hospital charge,mobilization of resources,made evaluation and took measures to furthest reduce hospital's loss and influence.At the same time,we establish the management mechanism of the hospital charge crisis to make it is normalized and rationalized.


Communications and information technology is rapidly grows and provides a major influence on people's lives. The rapid development of information technology is currently supported by the importance of the need for information. It can be seen from the development of today's internet network is rapidly increasing. Informations that transmitted is not meant for everyone. Along with the development of these technologies, security threats becomes more and more powerful, particularly for the undisclosed information. Various threats in cyberspace such as hacker, cracker, carder makes people worry about the security of the information they sends. This concern that make the development of information hiding techniques. One of the well known information hiding technique is steganography. In general, steganography means a technique and art of hiding a fact to communicate. By using steganography, secret message can be inserted into an unsuspicious information and send it without being aware of the existence of the secret message. There are several criteria that must be considered in steganography is fidelity, robustness, and recovery. Fidelity means that stegomedium quality has not changed much due to the insertion. The changes can not be perceived by the senses.


This study aims to analyze the effect of Quality. Service, and School Location towards Student Loyalty through Satisfaction in XII grade students at SMA Negeri 32 Jakarta. The results of the study using primary data in the form of questionnaires to 274 class XII students at SMA Negeri 32 Jakarta using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method showed that service quality and school location had a positive and significant effect on student satisfaction. There is a positive and significant influence between service quality and student satisfaction on student loyalty, while there is no influence between school location on student loyalty. Judging from the results of the SEM calculation analysis of service quality, and school location has an estimate coefficient of 0.48 or 48% of its effect on student satisfaction, while service quality has an estimate coefficient of 0.56 its influence on student loyalty, and satisfaction has an estimate coefficient of 0.44 influence. student loyalty, this shows that the quality of service, and good student satisfaction will increase student loyalty at SMA Negeri 32 Jakarta, and the better the quality of service will increase student satisfaction. The results showed that student satisfaction as an intervening variable could increase the relationship between service quality variables and student loyalty, but did not affect the relationship between school locations and loyalty


Static Single-Assignment (SSA) form is an intermediate language designed to make optimization clean and efficient for imperative-language (Fortran, C) compilers. Lambda-calculus is an intermediate language that makes optimization clean and efficient for functionallanguage (Scheme, ML, Haskell) compilers. The SSA community draws pictures of graphs with basic blocks and flow edges, and the functional-language community writes lexically nested functions, but (as Richard Kelsey recently pointed out [9]) they're both doing exactly the same thing in different notation.


Verbal microaggressions perpetuate inequalities and negatively impact wellbeing. Yet, there is little work on microaggressions in situ. We address this gap, connecting microaggressions research with scholarship concerning prejudice and discrimination in situated interaction, and focusing on (hetero)sexist microaggressions. Conversation analysis (CA) and membership categorisation analysis (MCA) are applied to excerpts of naturally-occurring and focus group conversation to determine what (hetero)sexist microaggressions look like in practice; how they affect conversations; and whether they map onto well-documented CA/MCA phenomena. Findings suggest that when people produce microaggressive utterances, they use various devices (e.g. pre-sequences, idioms, humour) to mitigate accountability. Furthermore, concerning recipients' reactions, the treatment of an utterance as microaggressive can involve hallmarks of dispreferred turns including hesitation and/or indirect challenges involving deletion/repair initiation. We therefore propose that such features are criteria for an utterance/sequence to be considered microaggressive. Moreover, such strategies suggest that speakers/recipients are agentic in the (re)production of (hetero)sexism, and therefore may be agentic in effecting change.

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Brake system in railway train operates to reduce the speed of the train or to stop the train via changing the kinematic energy into heat energy for emission and so brake system makes an important rule to transport passenger and cargo for safety operation. Recently operators have a matter of grave concern for the verification of performance in brake system. To verify the exact performance of brake system, most of brake test has been carried out on real operating track condition. Therefore we will determine the braked weight of indirect brake system applied in Iran DMU(Diesel Multiple Unit) in accordance with UIC leaflet 544-1, which is to enable Iran DMU to achieve the required braking distances in defined situation.


Hassar stream is a watercourse of North East of Casablanca suburban which is a tributary of Mellah river. Until the end of 2012, Hassar stream received wastewater in crude state from Mediouna town causing a degradation of it ecological status and adverse effects on the local population. This work aims to make a first assessment of physicochemical water quality of this watercourse after installing the Mediouna StEp started in 2013.The first results recorded during the first six months of the study (November 2013 to April 2014) shows an improvement in the quality of Hassar stream with dissolved O2 values reaching up to 8,26 mg/l, COD maximum not exceeding 80 mg/l, a maximum BOD5 of 14 mg/l, a maximum content of MES 30 mg/l, ammonium ion (NH4+) in concentrations of 0,9 to 7,8 mg / l, orthophosphates from 0,48 to 11,62 mg/l and nitrates from 4,7 to 25,3 mg/l. These results show that the majority of the stations of the Hassar stream have an average to good quality and the beginning of physicochemical resilience of Hassar stream's waters would be initiated.


Complementation for glucose transport capacity of deficient mutants from Synechocystis PCC6803 allowed the cloning of the corresponding gene, glcP. The protein predicted from one open reading frame (ORF) in the DNA sequence was 468 residues long. It showed 46–60% amino acid sequence homology and similarity in size and predicted structure (including twelve probable membrane‐spanning regions) with a group of non‐phosphorylating sugar transporters from mammals, yeasts and Escherichia coli. A second ORF, 64 base pairs downstream from glcP, was detected. Its function, dispensable under auto‐ and heterotrophic conditions, could not be determined. Genetic analysis of mutants confirmed that the resistance to fructose, acquired simultaneously with the deficiency in glucose transport, resulted from mutations in the glcP gene, whose approximate location could be determined.


This article describes certain procedural aspects of the Multilateral Instrument, including scope and interpretation, the operation and legal consequences of the compatibility clauses, reservations and notifications, and other provisions such as entry into force and effect.


The traditional way of teaching English reading focuses on some miracle trainings such as how to identify meanings,analyses grammar structures,explain difficult sentences,while ignoring the inner relationship between sentences,paragraphs and even the whole passage.Through introduction of the discourse cohesion,this article makes students grasp the macro discourse,understand frame structures of a discourse and author's intentions,dig deep meanings between the lines and actually grasp the theme of a discourse in order to improve students'reading comprehension level.


T eachers, teacher educators, and researchers care deeply about students' achievement. However, current assessments, such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress in the United States, have noted the small percentage of 8th-grade students who achieve a proficient performance (Grigg, Donahue, & Dion, 2007). To address students' various needs, we call for teachers to differentiate their practices. To better understand differentiation, we surveyed existing scholarship with a particular focus on three general areas: 1) various approaches to differentiation, 2) the implications of each approach for application and implementation by classroom teachers, and 3) the potential of these differentiation options for effecting achievement for all students. Our interest in these three general areas translated into the following specific questions: 1) How do scholars and public policymakers define differentiation?, 2) What implications do these various definitions have for teachers' implementation of differentiation?, 3) What empirical evidence warrants the use of differentiation?, and 4) What unanswered questions about differentiation for achievement might the education community address?


A two-step reaction sequence in the beginning organic laboratory provides a useful introduction to the importance of multistep synthesis. In addition to introducing several common synthetic methods and techniques, a two-step preparation can quickly establish the importance of testing alternative reactions in order to optimize intermediate yields. This article describes the preparation of 9-fluorenol in a sequence that first oxidizes fluorene to 9-fluorenone, followed by reduction of the ketone to 9-fluorenol. The entire experiment occurs over three lab periods. Air oxidation of fluorene under basic conditions is compared with an alternative oxidation using acidic chromate conditions. Students use semiquantitative TLC and product recoveries from column chromatography to determine which procedure provides the better yield of fluorenone. A final sodium borohydride reduction of the fluorenone then provides 9-fluorenol. All isolated products can be characterized using a variety of methods including melting poi...


A novel, sensitive anodic stripping volammetric immunoassay was developed based on silver-enhanced immuno-gold label. The immunoreaction was performed in a polystyrene microwell by using the sandwich format. Primary antibodies specific for C-3(complement Ⅲ) were adsorbed passively on the walls of a polystyrene microwell. The C-3 analyte was first captured by the primary antibody and then sandwiched by a secondary colloidal gold-labeled antibody. The addition of the silver enhancement solution results in the precipitation of a large amount of silver on colloidal gold labels due to the catalytic reduction which, after silver metal dissolution in an acidic solution, was determined by anodic stripping voltammetry(ASV) at a glassy-carbon electrode. The influence of some immunoassay conditions upon the anodic stripping peak current was examined and optimized. The anodic stripping peak current depended linearly on the logarithm of C-3 mass concentration over the range of 7.2 ng/mL to 7.33 μg/mL and a detection limit as low as 7ng/mL is achieved. The anodic stripping volammetric immunoassay was applied to the determination of C-3 concentration in human serum with satisfactory results.