Abstract There is a paucity of research examining exercise-induced pain (EIP) management in elite endurance sports. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate how elite endurance athletes experience and manage EIP to help inform the work of Mental Performance Consultants. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 female and three male athletes (Mage  = 23.73, SD = 2.31) competing in track and field (i.e., 600–1,500 m; n = 5), swimming (i.e., 200–400 m; n = 5), and canoe kayak (i.e., 500–1,000 m; n = 5). Given the centrality of self-regulation in elite sports and in the management of internal states (e.g., EIP), the social cognitive model of self-regulation was used to guide this study and to derive practical implications. The template analysis generated (a) two themes (i.e., sensations, beliefs) and six subthemes (e.g., tightness, progressive) related to the experience of EIP as well as (b) three themes (i.e., preparation, execution, evaluation) and 17 subthemes (e.g., accept and commit to EIP, direct attention away from EIP, reflect using a training journal) related to the management of EIP. Findings suggest that the experience of EIP is highly cognitive and generally perceived as detrimental to performance if not effectively managed. Athletes used several psychological strategies to prepare to experience EIP, reduce the aversive effects of EIP while performing, and learn from their EIP management strategies to improve their coping capacity. Importantly, combining self-regulation and mindfulness strategies appears to be valuable to successfully manage EIP.  Lay summary: This study examined how elite track and field, swimming, and canoe kayak athletes experience and manage exercise-induced pain when training at a high intensity and competing. Beliefs and sensations influenced the experience of EIP and athletes used 17 psychological strategies to manage this prominent psychological demand. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Mental Performance Consultants are encouraged to: Emphasize the development of preparation strategies to manage EIP as this phase seems to be a priority. Specifically, accepting and committing to experiencing EIP appears to be essential. Help endurance athletes focus on performance-relevant cues (e.g., cadence, technique, relaxing, race plan) and the present moment (e.g., one repetition/segment at a time) when experiencing EIP. Develop a brief guided self-reflection tool that endurance athletes can use to assess the experience and management of EIP.


RAND researchers used Twitter advertisements to solicit survey participation from the most-influential members of the pro-Ukraine activist community, influential members of the pro-Russia community, and a general population of Russian-language Twitter users from Ukraine. The goal was to draw on key influencers in the pro-Ukraine activist community to help counter Russian propaganda in the region.


From the perspective of investors,fair value application risk consists of non-application risk and ineffectiveness risk.To control ineffectiveness risk is the key to control fair value application risk.By combining the analysis of application process of fair value,this paper points out that the key link resulting in ineffectiveness risk is the measurement and disclosure of fair value information by the corporate management.This link consists of management intentional risk and management unintentional risk.Against these two risks,it is suggested to formulate high quality accounting and auditing standards associated with fair value,perfect corporate governance mechanisms,establish market information database,and improve the measurement and disclosure of fair value information and other aspects.


Part I Foundations: Development of Law Enforcement Organizations and Police Officers 1 Historical Development: Coming to America 2 Federal and State Agencies: Protecting their Borders 3 Police in Society: Organization and Administration of Municipal and County Agencies 4 From Citizen to Officer: Preparing For the Street Part II Policing As Work: Patrolling, Problem Solving, Detecting 5 On Patrol: Methods and Menaces 6 Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving: Confronting Crime and Disorder 7 Criminal Investigation: The Science of Detection Part III Constraints: Rule of Law, Accountability, and Liability 8 Rule of Law: Expounding the Constitution 9 Accountability: Ethics, Use of Force, Corruption, and Discipline 10 Civil Liability: Failing the Public Trust Part IV Special Problems, Challenges, and Populations 11 Addressing Terrorism, Gangs, and Drugs 12 Crimes Involving Illegal Immigrants, the Mob, Hate, and Youth 13 Trends and Issues: Labor Relations, Women and Minorities, Stress, and Higher Education Part V Other Challenges Today and Beyond 14 Technology Review: Tools for the Tasks 15 Focus on the Future Appendix I: "What Works": Police Problem-solving Approaches to Community Problems Appendix II: Career Information


Background : Diabetes mellitus is major and most common non-communicable disease in worldwide, specially developing country like India. Diabetic retinopathy is main complication of DM. It is major cause of blindness worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency is increase in world because of more indoor work and less exposure to sunlight. Vit. D has Anti- oxidant and Anti- angiogenesis property, its deficiency increase the chances of early retinal changes in diabetes patients in the form of Non- proliferative DR, proliferative DR, glaucoma other complications. Given these associations, we sought to determine the relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: Total of 98 diabetic patients either attending OPD or admitted in Department of Medicine, R.L. Jalappa Hospital and Research center, were assessed during September 2018 to November 2018. Patients were tested for HbA1 c levels and serum Vitamin D and labeled insufficient for Vitamin D when serum levels were <30ng/ml. Patients also underwent detail Fundoscopic examination and were classified into No Background Diabetic Retinopathy(BDR), Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(NPDR) of mild, moderate, severe grade and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(PDR). Results: Total 98 diabetic patients were included in study all patients were Vit D insufficient. 39 patients of diabetes with Vit D insufficiency had No background diabetic retinopathy, 38 patients were in mild-moderate NPDR group. 15 patients were in severe NPDR and 6 patients had Proliferative DR. In patients with No BDR the mean Vit D levels were 27.91±3.01 ng/ml. In mild- moderate and PDR the Vit D levels were 20.80±6.75 and 15.52±0.92 ng/ml respectively. In severe NPDR the Vit D levels were in range of 12.05±2.41ng/ml for Proliferative DR the Vit D levels were in range of 11.17±.1.91 ng/ml. Conclusion: This study suggests that diabetic subjects, especially those with NPDR and PDR, have lower Vitamin D levels than those without diabetes.


An interferometric video system for measuring microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with nanometer resolution is demonstrated. Interferograms are generated by combining light reflected from the target with light reflected from a reference mirror. Motions are determined from sequences of stop-action interferograms obtained with stroboscopic illumination. The system was used to measure motions of a microfabricated accelerometer. In-plane motions were determined by analysis of brightfield images using gradient methods with subpixel resolution. Results are compared for brightfield images obtained by blocking light from the reference arm of the interferometer and for brightfield images reconstructed from interferograms. Out-of-plane motions are determined by analyzing interferograms obtained with different positions of the reference mirror. Results demonstrate nanometer resolution of in-plane motions and subnanometer resolution of out-of-plane motions.


Protection circuit is important when current-mode power amplifier works in high-voltage and high-current circumstance.This paper analyzes the conditions which will result in power amplifier destruction.Dead-time circuit,anti-wrong start station and short-protection circuit were designed to avoid the damage of the circuit.Dead-time circuit could prevent the short-arm bridge from damaging caused by the reducing of dead-time due to program failures.When the two MOSFETs of one side given the same signal of turning on,anti-wrong circuit would stop the output signal of the drive IC IR2110.If the disturbance signal lead to the turning on of the two MOSFETs of one side of the full bridge circuit at the same time,short-circuit protection might hold back the output signals of the power drive chip,it also had the function of over-current protection.These circuits are validated by experiment and applied in machine successfully.


Plants significantly influence contaminant transport and fate. Important processes are uptake of soil and groundwater contaminants, as well as biodegradation in plants and their root zones. Models for the prediction of chemical uptake into plants are required for the set-up of mass balances in environmental systems at different scales. Feedback mechanisms between plants and hydrological systems can play an important role. However, they have received little attention to date. Here, a new model concept for dynamic plant uptake models applying analytical matrix solutions is presented, which can be coupled to groundwater transport simulation tools. Exemplary simulations of plant uptake were carried out in order to estimate chemical concentrations in the soil―plant―air system and the influence of plants on contaminant mass fluxes from soil to groundwater.


We will discuss optical imaging of the cells inside the cochlea. We will describe recent results for imaging the hair cells through an optically thinned section of the cochlea bone. A combination of optical coherence tomography, two photon fluorescence microscopy and femtosecond laser ablation is used.


An experimental procedure has been developed for using a rotating mirror camera to record time‐resolved absorption spectra of liquids undergoing shock compression. Experimental records have been obtained for cells containing liquid carbon disulfide shocked, through reverberation, to peak pressures of 55, 80, 100 and 120 kbar. Experiments have been performed using both reflected and transmitted light. Time and spectral resolution were limited to approximately 30 nsec and 30 A; spectral range was from 4000 to 2500 A. This initial work on carbon disulfide shows it to become highly absorptive when shocked to low pressures of 8 to 14 kbar, and to progressively become a better broadband reflector as the pressure in a thin layer rings up to the final value. A decay in the reflectivity after reaching peak pressure in the 120 kbar experiment may indicate chemical decomposition. This is in accord with earlier results of S. A. Sheffield based on measurement of flow parameters.


When solar cells are manufactured by use of float zone (FZ) grown monocrystalline silicon, it is possible to achieve efficiencies near 25%. This value is significantly higher than the typical efficiency of commercial cells (13-16.5%) that is manufactured on Czochralski (CZ) grown monocrystalline or casted polycrystalline silicon. The electronic grade FZ growth process however, requires an expensive form of silicon feedstock material that brings the price of a FZ wafer far above the acceptable range for the PV industry. In order to overcome this dilemma, Topsil has developed a new crystal puller and a new set of process recipes that can accept a larger and rougher type of low cost feedstock. Hereby it is possible to manufacture FZ silicon wafers at the same cost as CZ wafers, without reducing the quality and compromising the efficiency potential of the FZ material.


This paper discusses the transient behavior of the GaAs single monolayer growth observed using RHEED specular beam intensity oscillation. The time required for the 1st monolayer growth just after the Ga cell shutter opening depends strongly on the growth surface location. At a fixed location, the first monolayer growth time increases with the substrate temperature and decreases as the As flux intensity is increased. The first monolayer growth time varies according to the electron beam incident directions. In contrast, the growth rate of each succeeding layer does not depend on these parameters, and is simply determined by the impinging rate of Ga atoms. A similar phenomenon was observed in AlAs growth. The anomalous characteristics of the first monolayer growth were interpreted while taking into consideration the atomic-step density limited growth process.


Librarians have a long history of protecting users' privacy; library associations' codes of ethics in many countries also express the support for the right and some of them have made privacy policies. But the extent of library associations' compliance with codes of ethics and content of privacy policies include is unclear. The study surveys national library associations' privacy policies in which privacy appears in codes of ethics, which is based on content analysis of codes of ethics in Pnina Shachaf's study. Trough content analysis approach, descriptive characteristics, readability, and content of policies are examined. The most frequently identified content categories include enforcement & redress, choice & consent; the least identified content categories are notice & openness, access by users, data security, implementation of privacy policy and privacy of special groups or activities in turn.


In this letter we present a geometric interpretation of the π-rotation LDPC codes. Following this interpretation we develop efficient design strategies to search for the minimum d2 distance and the short loop count of a given code.


This study is based on the inequality that women experience in digital spaces and the oppression and anxiety in their lives. In addition to the violence that women experience in the private or public sphere, they also experience some difficulties in the digital field. The fact that people spend more time in the virtual environment, and the increase in their use of smart phones and the internet has led to the transfer of violence against women to digital platforms. The aim of this research is to raise awareness due to the increasing trend of digital violence, to systematize studies in the academic field and to provide directions for future research. For this purpose, systematic literature review method was used in the research. The relevant literature on digital violence/digital violence and women has been reviewed, studies have been defined and analyzed. It has been seen that the studies are mostly society and culture-oriented, and digital violence is frequently studied together with social media, partner violence, domestic violence, pornography, sexual harassment. Studies have been systematized according to the types of digital violence against women. In this direction, comments were made according to the findings and suggestions were made for future research.


A storage box with a thermoelement is disclosed. This storage box is operable in a frozen-storage mode operation, in addition to a cool-storage mode and a hot-storage mode. During a cool-storage mode operation of the storage box, the main compartment (14) is primarily cooled by a main thermoelement (20) to be kept at a low temperature. The temperature difference between the areas around the two junctions (61, 62) of the sub-thermoelement (60) of a sub-storage unit (50) installed within the main compartment (14) is sufficiently smaller than that between the areas around the two junctions of the main thermoelement irrespective of a consideration of an addition of heat produced from heat exchanging units provided at the two junctions of each thermoelement. The sub-thermoelement (60) is thus significantly improved in its cooling capacity. The temperature of the sub-compartment (52) of the sub-storage unit (50) is thus reduced lower than 0° C., and so the sub-compartment is kept in a frozen-storage mode. The sub-storage unit (50) is removable from the main compartment (14), thus allowing a user to use it independently from the storage box in, for example, a car.


The importance to improve cleanliness of active part of transformer is introduced.The reasons to bring about low cleanliness are given.The measures to improve clealiness are presented.


2 Vaccination with cancer/testis Ag MAGE-A3 in the form of recombinant protein often induces specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Although Ag-specific CD4 (cid:1) T cells following vaccination are detectable by cytokine production after a single in vitro stimulation, their detection before vaccination is difficult because of low frequency. In this study, we have applied a sensitive method using CD154 (CD40L) staining to detect MAGE-A3-specific CD4 (cid:1) T cells. MAGE-A3-specific T cell responses were analyzed in four healthy donors, two lung cancer patients with spontaneous serum Abs to MAGE-A3, and two baseline seronegative lung cancer patients throughout vaccination with MAGE-A3 protein. MAGE-A3-specific CD4 (cid:1) T cells were detected in all individuals tested, at low frequency in healthy donors and seronegative cancer patients and higher frequency in patients seropositive for MAGE-A3. Polyclonal expansion of CD154-expressing CD4 (cid:1) T cells after cell sorting generated a large number of MAGE-A3-specific CD4 (cid:1) T cell lines from all individuals tested, enabling full characterization of peptide specificity, HLA-restriction, and avidity. Application of this method to cancer patients vaccinated with MAGE-A3 protein with or without adjuvant revealed that protein vaccination induced oligoclonal activation of MAGE-A3-specific CD4 (cid:1) T cells. It appeared that MAGE-A3 protein vaccination in the presence of adjuvant selectively expanded high avidity CD4 (cid:1) T cells, whereas high avidity T cells disappeared after multiple vaccinations with MAGE-A3 protein alone. The Journal of Immunology,


The synthesis and evaluation as 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 serotonin receptor ligands of the two sets of O-substituted hydroxybenzamides, structurally related to 2-{3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propoxy}benzamide (1), (Ki 5-HT1A = 21 nM, 5-HT7 = 234 nM) are reported. To affect the affinity for 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors, an amide moiety (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and a hydrocarbon chain length (7, 8, 9, 10) were modified. The serotonergic activity of compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 was generally higher in the case of 5-HT1A receptors compared with 5-HT7 ones; the most active 5-HT1A ligands being meta-isomer 2 (Ki = 7 nM) and both analogs of 1 with the longest spacer, i.e., penta- and hexa-methylene derivatives 9 and 10 (Ki = 4 and 3 nM, respectively). The observed biological properties of compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 were elucidated using molecular modeling procedures. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).


Motivated by the spate of recent experimental and theoretical interest in Mott insulating S=1 triangular lattice magnets, we consider a model S=1 Hamiltonian on a triangular lattice interacting with rotationally symmetric biquadratic interactions. We show that the partition function of this model can be expressed in terms of configurations of three colors of tightly-packed, closed loops with {\em non-negative} weights, which allows for efficient quantum Monte Carlo sampling on large lattices. We find the ground state has spin nematic order, i.e. it spontaneously breaks spin rotation symmetry but preserves time reversal symmetry. We present accurate results for the parameters of the low energy field theory, as well as finite-temperature thermodynamic functions.


A new global optimization method called heuristic evolutionary programming (HEP) is developed in this paper, based on the combination of the general evolutionary programming (GEP) and the classical gradient search techniques. This algorithm includes an important procedure called searching region change reduction. The developed algorithm can effectively reduce the CPU time with the global optimums being obtained. Its efficiency is higher than that of GEP. Numerical results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness.


bury has written both of "the peril of modernizing Jesus" and of "the peril of archaizing ourselves." His remarks are addressed primarily to writers on the New Testament, but they may be applied with equal relevance to writers on the history of biblical interpretation. Miss Smalley's first edition could not be criticized on this ground. Her rigorous devotion to documents and penetrating clarity of analysis made her book indispensable for anyone who wanted to understand the new currents of thought in medieval Bible study, especially in the twelfth century. Her description of the methods employed and the actual work of scholars, especially the twelfth-century Victorines and, above all, Adam of St. Victor, were fresh and vivid. The only significant criticism which could have been made was that as a pioneer she somewhat exaggerated the importance of her discoveries. Such 3 criticism, of course, had to be balanced by admitting that she had in fact discovered new and important materials. In the present edition she takes account of work done by herself and by others in the last decade and devotes more space to the thirteenth century. In this way she amply proves that she did not exaggerate; the influence of the Victorines was widespread and lasting and when it was combined with the rediscovery of Aristotle and the libri naturales the decline of the allegorical interpretation was hastened. The new exegete "is treading on earth, with occasional upward glances, instead of floating above it, descending only now and then" (p. 372). Miss Smalley shows us how this extremely important change came about. The first edition of this book was greeted with almost universal acclaim. The second edition merits even greater enthusiasm. ROBERT M. GRANT The University of the South.


The activity of the stress-responsive s factor, s E , is induced by the extracytoplasmic accumulation of misfolded or unfolded protein. The inner membrane protein RseA is the central regulatory molecule in this signal transduction cascade and acts as a s E -specific anti- s factor. Here we show that s E activity is primarily determined by the ratio of RseA to s E . RseA is rapidly degraded in response to extracytoplasmic stress, leading to an increase in the free pool of s E and initiation of the stress response. We present evidence that the putative inner membrane serine protease, DegS, is responsible for this regulated degradation of RseA.


More and more utilities are considering resource options on the customer side of the meter in the form of demand-side management (DSM). As these DSM programs are implemented, the importance of cost-effectiveness or cost benefit analysis of those resources increases as well. While many documents describe the basic equations for cost-effectiveness analysis, few attempt to describe the increasingly complex practice of cost-effectiveness analysis. New issues arising out of extensive analysis include the appropriate timing of a DSM resource, accounting for risk and uncertainty, and the impact of regulatory incentives. Issues such as these constitute an integral part of today's analysis of DSM, but there are few resources available to assist the analyst in responding to them. The purpose of this revision to the TAG Volume 4 is to fill this void by providing the practitioner of cost-effectiveness analysis with a guidebook that covers both the mechanics and complexities of the area. 40 figs., 54 tabs.


Rehabilitation approaches should be based on an understanding of the mechanisms underpinning functional recovery. Yet, the mediators that drive an improvement in post‐surgical pain‐related disability in individuals with cervical radiculopathy (CR) are unknown. The aim of the present study is to use Bayesian networks (BN) to learn the probabilistic relationships between physical and psychological factors, and pain‐related disability in CR.


A high-energy piping (HEP) asset integrity management program is important for the safety of plant personnel and reliability of the fossil plant generating unit. HEP weldment failures have resulted in serious injuries, fatalities, extensive damage of components, and significant lost generation. The main steam (MS) piping system is one of the most critical HEP systems. Creep damage assessment in MS piping systems should include the evaluation of multiaxial stresses associated with field conditions and significant anomalies, such as malfunctioning supports and significant displacement interferences. This paper presents empirical data illustrating that the most critical girth welds of MS piping systems have creep failures which can be successfully ranked by a multiaxial stress parameter, such as maximum principal stress. Inelastic (redistributed) stresses at the piping outside diameter (OD) surface were evaluated for the base metal of three MS piping systems at the piping analysis model nodes. The range of piping system stresses at the piping nodes for each piping system was determined for the redistributed creep stress condition. The range of piping stresses was subsequently included on a Larson–Miller parameter (LMP) plot for the grade P22 material, revealing the few critical (lead-the-fleet) girth welds selected for nondestructive examination (NDE). In the three MS piping systems, the stress ranges varied from 55% to 80%, with only a few locations at stresses beyond the 65 percentile of the range. By including evaluations of significant field anomalies and the redistributed multiaxial stresses on the outside surface, it was shown that there is a good correlation of the ranked redistributed multiaxial stresses to the observed creep damage. This process also revealed that a large number of MS piping girth welds have insufficient applied stresses to develop substantial creep damage within the expected unit lifetime (assuming no major fabrication defects). This study also provided a comparison of the results of a conventional American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31.1 Code as-designed sustained stress analysis versus the redistributed maximum principal stresses in the as-found (current) condition for a complete set of MS piping system nodes. The evaluations of redistributed maximum principal stresses in the as-found condition were useful in selecting high priority ranked girth weldment creep damage locations. The evaluations of B31.1 Code as-designed sustained load stresses were not useful in selecting high priority creep damage locations.


Transparent soft actuators have been receiving enormous attention due to their potentials for application in camouflage robotics, accurate monitoring/controlling of soft robots, etc. Herein, we report an electrically powered soft...


Acute appendicitis is a medical disorder that can be difficult to diagnose in some situations. Here, the author presents a case of acute appendicitis with an uncommon clinical manifestation, acute diarrhea. In this case, the final appendectomy is performed and ruptured appendicitis can be seen. The general physician should also keep \\"acute appendicitis\\" as an important differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea.


In computer graphics, it is often an advantage to calculate re∞ections directly, especially when the application is time-critical or when line graphics have to be displayed. We specify formulas and parametric equations for the re∞ection on spheres and cylinders of revolution. The manifold of all re∞ected rays is the normal congruence of an algebraic surface of order four. Their catacaustic surfaces are given explicitly. The calculation of the re∞ex of a space point leads to an algebraic equation of order four. The up to four practical solutions are calculated exactly and e-ciently. The generation of re∞exes of straight lines is optimized. Finally, re∞exes of polygons are investigated, especially their possible overlappings. Such re∞exes are the key for the re∞ection of polyhedra and curved surfaces. We describe in detail how to display their contours.


In a previous study of para-ortho conversion in solid D/sub 2/ the Debye temperature as a function of temperature was determined to be 105 deg K at 4 deg K from lattice specific heat measurements. The rate of the one phonon emission process is reported. (W.D.M.)


The time for the provision of medical record documents from when the patient registers until the medical record documents are provided or found by officers with a minimum standard of service is 10 minutes. The purpose of this study was to determine the time description of the supply of medical record documents at the Karang Pule Health Center in Mataram City. The research design used is descriptive. The population in this study was 200 medical record documents with a total sample of 67 documents. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling. The results showed that the frequency distribution of old patient medical record documents 65 and new patient medical record documents 2. The average time needed to provide medical records for old patients is 1 minute 29 seconds and new patients 2 minutes 29 seconds. The average length of time for providing medical records in TPP is 51.65 seconds, Filling 17.64 seconds, 32 seconds distribution. Based on these results it can be concluded that when providing medical record documents at the Karang Pule Puskesmas it has met the minimum service standards, it is recommended to the Karang Pule Puskesmas to maintain and improve service quality.


It is not the writer's intention in this paper to outline problems of research, give methods of attack, or to give definite locations for their research. However, problems will be advanced for the various phases of snow-surveying and forecasting for which knowledge is lacking and which should be investigated further.

In discussing these problems it is perhaps best to start with measurement of snow and follow the subject through forecasting, in the first place, it is highly desirable to have one or more mountain meteorological stations established to study the measurement of snow, evaporation from snow, temperature-effects on melting of snow and upon density of snow, and precipitation in summer. There is a decided lack of records, especially of temperature and of precipitation , in the higher reaches of the mountains where the major runoff supplying western streams originates. Take, for instance, tne Humboldt Basin in Nevada which has an area of over 14,000 square miles. Less than ten per cent of this area represents the water-produeing region of the Basin, yet not a single weather-station is in that portion of the watershed. Climatological records to supplement the snow-surveys would be of considerable value. This spring the snow-cover water-content in eastern Nevada on courses above 7000 feet increased ten to 20 per cent during March and at one station at 9000 feet increased 100 per cent by May 1 over the measurement received on March 1. Generally the maximum accumulation is obtained about March 1 at all but the higher stations, and the April 1 measurements show about the same amount of water or sligtly less. The valley weather-stations this spring gave nearly normal temperatures during March and April, thus shedding no light upon the reason for the continued accumulation of snow and again demonstrating the necessity for high-level weather-stations.


A proposed discretized form of fractional‐order prey‐predator model is investigated. A sufficient condition for the solution of the discrete system to exist and to be unique is determined. Jury stability test is applied for studying stability of equilibrium points of the discretized system. Then, the effects of varying fractional order and other parameters of the systems on its dynamics are examined. The system undergoes Neimark‐Sacker and flip bifurcation under certain conditions. We observe that the model exhibits chaotic dynamics following stable states as the memory parameter α decreases and step size h increases. Theoretical results illustrate the rich dynamics and complexity of the model. Numerical simulation validates theoretical results and demonstrates the presence of rich dynamical behaviors include S‐asymptotically bounded periodic orbits, quasi‐periodicity, and chaos. The system exhibits a wide range of dynamical behaviors for fractional‐order α key parameter.


We present an analysis of the ultraviolet luminosity function (UV LF) and star formation rate density of distant galaxies ($7.5<z<13.5$) in the `blank' fields of the Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization Science (PEARLS) survey combined with Early Release Science (ERS) data from the CEERS, GLASS and NGDEEP surveys/fields. We use a combination of SED fitting tools and quality cuts to obtain a reliable selection and characterisation of high-redshift ($z>6.5$) galaxies from a consistently processed set of deep, near-infrared imaging. Within an area of 110 arcmin$^{2}$, we identify 214 candidate galaxies at redshifts $z>6.5$ and we use this sample to study the ultraviolet luminosity function (UV LF) in four redshift bins between $7.5<z<13.5$. The measured number density of galaxies at $z=8$ and $z=9$ match those of past observations undertaken by the em Hubble Space Telescope (HST). However, towards higher redshifts we find that the evolution of the UV LF is mild, resulting in higher measured number densities of UV luminous galaxies at $z=10.5$ and $z=12.5$ compared to predictions from simulations and past HST observations. When examining the star formation rate density of galaxies at this time period, our observations are still consistent with a constant star formation efficiency, are slightly lower than previous early estimations using JWST and support galaxy driven reionization at $z\sim8$.


Using the generalized symmetry method, we carry out, up to autonomous point transformations, the classification of integrable equations of a subclass of the autonomous five-point differential-difference equations. This subclass includes such well-known examples as the Itoh–Narita–Bogoyavlensky and the discrete Sawada–Kotera equations. The resulting list contains 17 equations, some of which seem to be new. We have found non-point transformations relating most of the resulting equations among themselves and their generalized symmetries.


The feast of Thomas Aquinas in renaissance Rome - a neglected document and its import Egidio da Viterbo and renaissance Rome content and rhetorical forms in 16th-century treatises on preaching form, content, and influence of works about preaching before Trent - the Franciscan contribution Luther the preacher Saint Charles Borromeo and the "Praecipuum episcoporum munus" - his place in the history of preaching Erasmus and the history of sacred rhetoric - the "Ecclesiastes" of 1535 grammar and rhetoric in the "Pietas" of Erasmus early Jesuit spirituality - Spain and Italy renaissance humanism and the religious culture of the first Jesuits attitudes of the early Jesuits towards misbelievers was Ignatius Loyola a church reformer - how to look at early modern Catholicism priesthood, ministry, and religious life - some historical and historiographical considerations.


(1996). The state, family and industrial development: The Singapore case. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 3-27.


Calculations of the capacity of the INSAT II transponders (C and Ku frequency bands) for VSATs designed for interactive data network applications are presented. A variety of multi-access protocols for different network performance objectives, and traffic delay parameters are taken into consideration. These typical capacities that can be achieved with C and Ku band transponders are equally applicable to other similar domestic satellite networks.


Geiser et al [4] investigated the influence of gluteus medius fatigue on lower extremity (LE) mechanics and concluded that only small increases (<2) in knee valgus occur during side-cutting or jumping post-fatigue. Given that gluteus medius fatigue may have little effect on LE mechanics, it is possible those mechanics may be influenced by impaired gluteus maximus (GMax) function instead. It is unclear whether that may be explained by impaired strength or impaired motor control of the muscle.


Objective To investigate the new indication of predicting coronary artery disease (CAD) in the elderly subjects in order to prevent the cardiovascular events. Methods Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was scanned and its score(CACS) were measured automatically by multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in 66 elderly patients (48 patients with CAD and 18 subjects without CAD).The results of CACS were analyzed. Results The CACS of subjects with three-vessel calcification were significantly higher than those with single or two-vessel calcification. When every branch of coronary artery was observed,CACS had significant difference between CAD group and non-CAD group (P0.01,P0.05). Conclusions CACS is better than traditional cardiovascular risk factors and can be used as a new indication to predict CAD.


Performance description of the Extreme Conditions Beamline (ECB, P02.2) at PETRA III that is optimized for micro-diffraction at simultaneous high pressure and high and low temperatures created in different diamond anvil cells environments. Additional information of the capabilities of the Extreme Conditions Science Infrastructure for DAC work is provided.


This study is to analyze nature inspiration architectures have applied to the design philosophy of spatial architecture that seeks new design concepts in nature. A nature inspiration design is not by replicating natural forms, but by understanding the rules governing original forms. Architecture has inspired from nature in order to get design sources from natural existing elements, originated possibly with the beginning of man-made environments. Human life is surrounded by nature and cannot be separated from natural environment. Nature always provides a source of new inspiration, recently architects are trying to seek a new design inspiration from nature. Nature reveals unlimited inspirations for the creation of organic and geometric shapes. Nowadays some architects have been turning to nature for the development of new design, structures and techniques from buildings to materials. The interactive concepts of nature and technology are commonly known as biomimicry or biomimetics. Architecture, engineering, science, photography, and art have been inspired to a ecology and biology of nature. Nature always furnishes out stimulating ideas for the building design and structural system, it can be found elegant solutions and created new, sustainable and more eco-friendly architecture by the close and careful observation of nature. Nature-friendly design and technologies can be inspired from nature such as tortoise, snail shells, spider webs, bird nest, bird wings, bee hives, walnuts, palm trees, butterfly wings, snake scales, lotus leaf, shark skin, bird beak, sand fish, lizard foot, human skull, etc. It has been commonly noted that nature inspiration architecture have basically aesthetic, ecologic and geometric, this paper will investigate present buildings which embrace nature inspiration techniques, the nature-friendly sustainable design, and the structural systems of large span spatial structures. The usefulness of nature inspiration architecture which replicate a structure of nature in order to create innovative techniques will be analysed by biomimetics for the development of new design and eco-friendly building construction. And then it will be shown bio-eco architectural designs how to develop design concepts, how to use eco-friendly materials as well as how to apply the structural concept of large span spatial building.


The vast majority of travel behavior and sustainable transportation research has focused on urban areas. A rural perspective is lacking. In this study, we aim to dive deeper into understanding how people travel and their perceptions and opinions about various components of travel in a majority rural state. By speaking directly with Vermonters through in-person interviews, we obtain uniquely personal points of view and analyze them for commonalities and differences between urban, suburban, and rural Vermonters. We ask questions on day-to-day challenges of traveling, suggestions for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, responses to fuel prices, and opinions on electric vehicles. Some of our key findings incude that rural areas struggle most with traveling long distances to reach services, urban areas are more concerned with traffic, and opinions on electric vehicle (EV) ownership are consistent across the state, with people being likely to consider owning an EV if costs were to decrease. Our interviews identify additional questions that should be evaluated further to help states develop practical and effective policies aimed at reducing GHG emissions in rural areas. We also recommend further in-depth survey research to provide a more complete picture of the potential to shift travel behavioral, particularly in rural areas. This research adds to the body of knowledge in a historically understudied population, enabeling the reseach community to better understand and work more closely with small and rural communities to address climate change and achieve deeper GHG emission reductions.


According to the problem of communication among objects at different levels,and the problems of reusibility and maintainability of class in the multitiers ObjectOriented applicatoion,especially in the application accessing relational databases,three architecture patterns are given and commentted for their applications.


1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Materials and Methods 3.1. Cell Lines 3.2. Tumor Implantation 3.3. Viral Vectors 3.4. Determination of In Vitro Transfection Efficiency 3.5. Intracranial Vector Delivery 3.6. Intracarotid Vector Delivery 3.7. Determination of In Vivo Transfection Efficiency 3.8. Assessment of Viral Toxicity 3.9. Survival Analysis 3.10. Identification of Infiltrating Lymphocytes 4. Results 4.1. In Vitro Transfection Efficiency 4.2. In Vivo Transfection Efficiency: Intratumoral Injection 4.3. In Vivo Transfection Efficiency: Intracarotid Injection 4.4. Assessment of Viral Toxicity 4.5. Treatment of Brain Tumors: Intratumoral Injections 4.6. Treatment of Brain Tumors: Intracarotid Injections 4.7. Phenotypic Alterations of Lymphocytic Infiltration 5. Discussion 6. References


Laboratory observations on the searching behaviour and efficiency of the anthocorids Anthocoris conjusus and A. nemorum in capturing the sycamore aphid led to the suggestion that the anthocorids would be unable to survive on sycamore trees unless the population density of young aphids on the leaves exceeded a certain value. This value is 14 and 5 small aphids per 10 dm2 of leaf, for A. confusus and A. nemorum respectively.


In order to solve the problems existing in some CPPCC member information management systems such as different information organization patterns and poor system sharing,we present a flexible integration framework based on metadata and SOA for CPPCC member information management,especially introduce the structure and primary working models of the framework.The framework has some characteristics such as standardized information organization,flexible service integration and dynamic platform expanding,and supports the on-demand business combination of CPPCC member information management.


The paper stated the zonation features of the roof after the mining of the seam and analyzed the formation time law of the roof falling and fractured zone.The paper discussed the methods to determine the roof falling and fractured zone,mainly including the calculation simulation method,the analogy and the site actual measuring method.The calculation simulation method would mainly be including the experience formula method,the physical simulation method and the numerical simulation method.The analogy would be compared mainly according to the related relationship established with the seam thickness,slice number;mining depth and others.The actual measurement would be based on the difference of the resistivity,sonic wave,electromagnetic wave,seismic wave and other feature value as well as the borehole TV,hydrological observation and site measured data as the basis.The paper summarized the different optional methods to determine the height of the roof falling and fracturing zone.


To the Editor: The development of colonic duplications in the kidney is extremely rare. Depending on the stage of embryogenesis during which this adhesion takes place, the heterotopic location of a colonic segment can potentially disrupt the normal development of the kidney. Wilms tumors (WT) are the direct result of embryonic kidney maldevelopment. However, they have not been previously reported in association with a kidney adherent colonic duplication. A 2-year-old male child born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) was seen at the emergency department for mild abdominal bloating and fever. Imaging studies found a tubular communicating sigmoid colonic duplication ending in a 5 cm retroperitoneal extraadrenal cystic collection above the kidney (Figure S1). Given the absence of adverse clinical symptoms, surgical removal was delayed by 2 months to allow treatment of a concurrent ear, nose, and throat infection. Preoperative examination and imaging showed a rapidly growing palpable mass that had doubled in size, without an appreciable solid component seen on ultrasound. During surgical exploration, the colonic duplication was found to end in a large cystic mass that was inextricable from the kidney. Cyst rupture unexpectedly occurred during surgical manipulation, revealing a suspect friable tissue. Frozen section demonstrated blastemal elements with scattered tubules, suggestive of a WT. In this context, and as the tumor involved a large part of the kidney, a full left radical nephrectomy was completed. On gross examination, the upper two-thirds of the kidney was infiltrated by a large 10 cm heterogeneousmass, fromwhich the colonic duplication endwas not dissociable (Figure 1A,B). Themacroscopic cut surface of the solid component was pale gray with a soft encephaloid consistency. Final histological examination confirmed the diagnosis ofWT as a unique, partly encapsulated infiltrative lesion, characterized by the classic triphasic pattern with predominant mesenchymal and blastemal elements, without features of anaplasia (Figure 1C,D). The tumor was therefore considered intermediate risk, as no preoperative chemotherapy had been given (SIOP 2001 protocol). Notably, next to the tumor, the duplication colonic wall displayed multifocal poorly demarcated areas composed of immature glomeruli and islands of blastema, highly suggestive of nephrogenic rests (NRs; Figure 1C,E). These areas were in direct continuity with the colonic mucosa, infiltrating the different layers of the wall of the large intestine (Figure 1E,F). Foci of NRs in the hilum and the posterior part of the kidney were also found. The patient received postoperative chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D, and doxorubicin for 28 weeks, as well as an early concomitant whole abdominal radiotherapy at 10.5 Gy due to the perioperative rupture. He currently remains in complete remission 1 year after treatment completion. Controversy exists regarding whether or not a duplication has to be symptomatic to be surgically removed.1 In this case, the duplication ended in a retroperitoneal collection that rapidly evolved, leading to severe surgical and oncological complications. Although it is a rare occurrence, the risk of malignancy in the setting of a colonic duplication involving the kidneymust be considered to facilitate rapid surgical management. Colonic duplications with urogenital tract involvement are extremely rare.2-6 In one reported case, the retroperitoneal part of a colonic duplication formed a destructive renal abscess.3 Histologic examination showed colonic mucosa next to what authors described as kidney parenchyma.3 However, questions remain regarding the pathological findings illustrated in this article, which could also be interpreted as NRs infiltrating the colonic mucosa. If so, similar microscopic findings were found in this case, with NRs being integrated in the colonic wall of the duplication, from mucosa to serosa. The exceptional nature of this present case relies on the transformation of these NRs into amalignant process. WT is the most common renal neoplasm in childhood affecting approximately one child per 10 000 worldwide before the age of 15. The median age at diagnosis is about 3.5 years.7 WT is thought to be the direct result of maldevelopment of the embryonic kidney, arising from undifferentiated embryonic remnant tissues persisting beyond 36 weeks of development and failing to mature.8-10 These NRs are found in 30-44% of kidneys removed for WT.11 Consequently, while only a few NRs will undergo clonal transformation into WT, they are considered as precursor lesions.8 Apart from the kidney parenchyma, ectopic NRs may be observed anywhere in the craniocaudal migration line of primitive mesonephros and metanephros cells. In this case, NRs were not considered "ectopic" as they originated from the kidney parenchyma, but were in an ectopic colonic location due to the early adhesion of the malformation to the kidney. Given this exceptional malformative background, it is possible that the risk of congenital malformations was increased in this child born by IVF, as reported in the literature.12,13 Of note, there has been no reported increased risk of developing pediatric malignancies in children conceived by assisted reproductive technology.14 The close proximity between the kidney and the retroperitoneal end of the duplication may have induced the NRs' infiltrationof colonicmucosa, and the subsequent development of aWT from these persistent nephrogenic structures. In our opinion, the


In the new security environment with a new U.S. defense strategy, nuclear weapons remain critical to U.S. national security as well as to international security. However, legacy nuclear systems are not optimally configured for the new and emerging contingencies of this environment. A common thread likely to run through the desirable characteristics of most future systems is reduced collateral damage (RCD). Improved accuracy enables lower yield weapons to accomplish the missions once allocated to higher yield legacy warheads, with correspondingly reduced collateral effects. Lower yield, earth-penetrating weapons and other new or modified RCD weapons can play a critical role, in conjunction with the other capabilities of the New Triad, in achieving U.S. defense objectives of deterrence, dissuasion and assurance. As the United States implements the Nuclear Posture Review, it is important to assess such capabilities in the context of U.S. defense strategy and to be in a position to develop and deploy them—if required—within the much smaller nuclear force towards which the United States is moving.


Laying behind of Peasant's Minds is one of the key factors of sustained poverty in rural area.This article has studied on the status quo and affective factor of bearing minds, consuming minds,commodizing minds and investing minds of the residents who live in the five villages on the western part of Zhuyuan through chopping check on the peasant household in and it has inquired into the cause of poverty in rural area. For altering the Peasant's Minds and lead the people breaking away from poverty as quickly as possible so as to promote the increase of economy in rural area the present paper suggests some possible: counter measures as belewings solving confict between population and economy;controlling population growth;strengthening the training of surplus labour;developing sanitation enterprise;guiding peasant's setting up advanced culture and value;promoting peasant's income;increasing wealth of peasant's family.


AbstractThis experiment assessed the feasibility of using leaf prunings of Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala for soil fertility improvement in alley cropping and sole cropping systems. The experiment, conducted at the National Agroforestry Research site at the Kenya Agricultural Research Institutes's (KARI's) Regional Research Centre, Embu, was a randomised block design with four alley cropping treatments namely: (1) C. calothyrsus with primings incorporated; (2) L. leucocephala with prunings incorporated; (3) C. calothyrsus with prunings removed to (5); (4) L. leucocephala with prunings removed to (6); and six sole cropped treatments namely (5) C. calothyrsus prunings imported from (3); (6) L. leucocephala prunings imported from (4); (7) C. calothyrsus prunings plus fertilizer 25 kg N and P/ha; (8) L. leucocephala prunings plus fertilizer at 25 kg N and P/ha; (9) Fertilizer at 50 kg N and P/ha, and (10) Control-no fertilizer and no prunings. Biomass production decreased from an average of ...


Abstract : BACK GROUND To emphasis the importance and diagnosis of neglected nonunion scapular spine fracture  presenting as an unusual cause of shoulder impingement. Also the functional outcome following open reduction, internal fixation and bone grafting. MATERIAL AND METHOD 63 years old male patient who had Road Traffic Accident and sustained direct injury to his right shoulder for which he had native treatment for a period of four months .He presented as persistent pain crepitus on over head abduction. X ray(supraspinatus outlet view) reveals fracture spine of scapula nearer to its acromion base. 3D CT Scan and MRI Scan was taken to know further extent of fracture and soft tissue             involvement.. Fracture ends curetteted and sclerosed ends freshened and fracture fragments fixed with 2.7 mm 10 holed DCP with cortical screws and cancellous bone graft applied over fracture site(harvested from rightside illiac crest).RESULTS He continued to make excellent progress and had full painless function in the shoulder girdle at his last review two year post surgery and subsequently returned to full work duties .CONCLUSION Underlying cause of shoulder impingement should be identified and treated appropriately.All scapular spine fracture nonunion will invariably go for bony union(even in late cases) when fixed by open reduction and internal fixation bone grafting whereas nonunion occurs in conservative management however prolonged it is. Patient regained excellent full range of shoulder movements following surgical fixation. Keyword : Unusual shoulder impingement, Neglected   Scapular Spine Fracture


We report the detection of ionized intracluster gas in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae. Pulsars in this cluster with a negative period derivative, which must lie in the distant half of the cluster, have significantly higher measured integrated electron column densities than the pulsars with a positive period derivative. We derive the plasma density within the central few parsecs of the cluster using two different methods that yield consistent values. Our best estimate of ne = 0.067 ± 0.015 cm-3 is about 100 times the free electron density of the interstellar medium in the vicinity of 47 Tucanae, and the ionized gas is probably the dominant component of the intracluster medium.


The productivity change of Chinese life insurance companies can be decomposed into change in resource use due to efficiency change and change in resource use due to technological change. And the latter can be further decomposed into an index of output-biased technological change, an index of input-biased technological change and an index of the magnitude of technological change. During 2005- 2012,the majority of these companies witness significant progress in productivity. Comparing to the Sino-foreign joint venture life insurance companies, the domestic ones fall behind in technological change,rather than efficiency change. Moreover,the life insurance companies are more opt to improve their technology and total factor productivity when the scales are larger.


The study has evaluated macro and micro postural analysis and angular relationships of the main anatomical segments involved in the activity of typewriting in old typewriters and current computer keyboards. Our protocol consider this objects with the goals to identify and to rescue structural benefits of the old typewriters that were not incorporated in the current design of keyboards for computers, as well as those activities' aspects and properties. As results, we have that some old typewriters' attributes which were not considered for the design of new computer keyboards can contribute to reduce the wrist overload.


BACKGROUND
Recent reports demonstrated that intravenous route, as a minimally invasive method and similar to direct injection, is suitable for bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation. In this study, we made a comparison of intraspinal and intravenous route of BMSC administration to repair injured spinal cord tissue.

METHODS
Six groups of adult female rats were used in this study. Laminectomy and spinal cord injury were carried out at first lumbar vertebra level (L1). Labeled stromal cells were administered intraspinally and intravenously in experimental groups one week after spinal cord injury. In control groups, serum was administered in the same way. Another groups consisted of laminectomy alone and spinal cord injury. Behavioral testing was performed weekly to 5 weeks post injury. Tissue processing and immune-histochemical studies were performed four weeks after cell transplantation.

RESULTS
Mean of Basso-Beattie-Bresnehan (BBB) scale scores in intraspinal and intravenous groups were 15.8 +/- 0.44 and 15.6 +/- 0.54, while in their controls were 10.6 +/- 0.33 and 10.6 +/- 0.56, respectively. BBB scale in laminectomy and spinal cord injury groups were 21 and 10.5 +/- 0.36, respectively. Immuno-histochemical staining visualized BMSC in the site of injury. Differentiation of a few implanted cells to neuron and glial cell was detected in intravenous group, while only differentiation to glial cells was detected in intraspinal group.

CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that intravenous administration of BMSC, such as intraspinal method, provides therapeutic benefits for SCI.


Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and -6 (IL-6) are inflammatory cytokines that are involved in bone resorption under pathological conditions. The cytokines are also involved in bone remodeling under physiological conditions. Voltage sensitive Ca channels (VSCCs) serve as crucial mediators of membrane excitability and many Ca-dependent functions such as growth of bone, regulate proliferation, differentiation, enzyme activity and gene expression. The effects of IL-1β and -6 on VSCCs in osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) were investigated using patch-clamp recording. Our results showed that application of 50 pM-50 nM IL-1β facilitated VSCCs current (ICa) carried by Ba (IBa). Application of 50 pM-5 nM IL-6 facilitated IBa. In contrast, 50 nM IL-6 inhibited IBa in MC3T3-E1 cells. Treatment with MAPK inhibitor, PD98059, attenuated the 5 nM IL-6-induced facilitation of IBa. Treatment with STAT3 inhibitor, staffic, attenuated the 50 nM IL-6-induced inhibition of IBa. Treatment with PD98059 also attenuated the 50 nM IL-6-induced inhibition of IBa. These results suggest that 5 nM IL-6 facilitates VDCCs involving MAPK pathways. In addition, 50 nM IL-6 inhibits VDCCs involving STAT3 and MAPK pathways in MC3T3-E1 cells.


At present, 53% of reserves buried under 1 kilometers in China and the amount of green coal resources is less than 500 billion tons. Ningzheng Mining Area is a newly developed large-scale coal mining area in Western China, and is the main succession area of coal resources in Gansu Province in the future. The coal seams are generally buried more than 1 kilometres. Taking the newly built mines in Ningzheng Mining Area as an example, this paper carried out a geological analysis of thermal environment and analysis of the main influencing factors of thermal hazards, established the model of mine production system, and explored several comprehensive utilization technologies of thermal hazards such as HEMS (High Temperature Exchange Machinery System) cooling technology model and gas, the cooling modes of power generation combined heat, power and cooling system and the artificial ice-making. The cooling technology can effectively guide the development of new mines in Western China in mines and the efficient utilization of resources.


Background: Endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been proposed as a risk factor and mediator of cardiovascular diseases. ADMA can undergo hydrolysis by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase or be processed through an alternative pathway by alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 2. We and other have also shown that ADMA can be N-acetylated to form asymmetrical Nα-acetyldimethylarginine (Ac-ADMA). The goal of the study was to characterize this novel pathway in vivo and identify the organs, which are responsible for the ADMA-acetylating activity. Results: We infused ADMA in mice for three days. Control mice received saline infusion. Half of the mice underwent bilateral nephrectomy 24 hours before completion of the infusion, the rest had a sham surgery. ADMA infusion resulted in a 3.5 fold rise in plasma Ac-ADMA levels in the sham-operated mice (1.35 ± 0.45 nmol/L vs. 4.77 ± 0.88 nmol/L). In nephrectomized mice plasma Ac-ADMA levels were markedly increased even a...


The popularization and application of 3D printing technology, promote greatly the development of the apparel industry. But there are still some queries with the technology in the garment industry at the same time. Because of it's reproducible characteristics and can mass producing, most of people in this industry believe that the technology is lack of artistry. The printer can not replace the traditional handmade artistic creations and embroideries. However, like oil painting or computer graphics, the 3D printing technology is the carrier of art, it's artistry is no less than the handmade manufacture. This is a reflection ahead of it's time. Through the technical innovation, 3D printing technology can produce it's individuality, and also can solve the problems from the texture effects in costume and the limitations of color. The popularization of 3D digital printing already can implement the presence from different texture effects. Like the expressions of splash-ink, dizzy catch in ink and wash painting in Chinese wind of fashion design, the texture changes according to the profile. It often says in garment industry, "there is no texture you not produce, but the price." 3D printing technology will become the mainstream in costume designing by forming the clothing shape from the change of textures. In this paper, we chose the case analysis as the main researching method. Using the special case of Iris van Herpen, a costume designer from Netherlands, and the modern art creation theory, we compared the art language directions between the 3D printing and the traditional handmade techniques. We discussed the improvement of performance in 3D printing technology. We introduced mostly about the technology used for presenting texture effects in Chinese wind of fashion design and discovering the diversity of color. Today 3D printing redefined "arts and crafts". By the development and innovation of the technology, it would be a more practical means of artistic creation.


The impact of the use of oxynitride tunnel film on write, erase and read operations of flash memories was investigated. We found that during electron ejection from a floating gate into a drain, band-to-band tunneling currents of flash memory cells with tunnel films having a high degree of nitridation are two orders of magnitude smaller than that of flash memory cells with oxide tunnel films. Consequently, higher-nitridation tunnel films improve the endurance characteristics of flash memory. However, during electron injection from a channel into the floating gate, Fowler-Nordheim tunneling gate currents of flash memory cells with higher-nitridation tunnel films are two orders of magnitude smaller than that of flash memory cells with oxide tunnel films. Moreover, the threshold voltage of flash memory cells with oxynitride tunnel films is 0.24–0.48 V smaller than that of flash memory cells with oxide tunnel films in read operations. These results can be explained by the modification of the electric field under oxynitride tunnel films due to the formation of donor layers, which is induced by nitridation of tunnel oxide films.


We present design and implementation of behaviour based attestation of an enterprise centric application. Remote attestation is used to measure the trustworthiness of the target platform. Some of the techniques proposed in the past are hash based which are efficient but could not measure malicious behaviour of an application caused by buffer overflow attacks or misconfigured by end user. To tackle these attacks the runtime dynamic behaviour of the target application should be measured and verified. In this regard, behaviour based attestation techniques are proposed but they have problems of efficiency and verification at the challenger end. In this research, we have designed and implemented an architecture of sliding windows of system calls which reduces measurement of the application's behaviour and is successfully able to identify trustworthiness of the target application. We have reproduced the previous system calls based techniques and compared the results with our work to prove the performance improvements.


This paper presents work performed at IRST on automatic telephone speech recognition. The work focuses on development and installation of some systems that allow delivery of automatic services over the telephone. In particular, both a collect call service, for continuous digit recognition, and a voice dialing by name system is described. Both systems use phone-like units, first trained on wideband databases and then refined on telephone speech material collected at IRST. For each application, a test database was collected in the field, for which the results are given. A comparison between some techniques for increasing the robustness with respect to channel and noise effects is included. Finally, research activities aimed at developing dialogue models are summarized.


The objective was to determine the effect of essential oils on the mortality and repellency of the Tenuipalpus heveae Baker mite (Acari, Tenuipalpidae). Leaf discs of rubber trees were deposited in Petri dishes containing a moistened cotton layer. Posteriorly, the essential oils were diluted to formulate solutions, which were sprayed onto the discs. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 × 4 factorial design: neem, cedar and clove oils at doses 0, 10 μL, 50 μL and 100 μL, with five replicates, with ten adult females being considered per replicate. The exposure to the effect of essential oil was evaluated after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours for the number of females dead and females in the cotton. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, the values were transformed into (x + 0.5)1/2, and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knot test at 5% probability for the treatments, the doses were submitted to regression analysis. From the 48 hours of evaluation, clove oil showed greater potential for adult mite mortality, being 1.38 in 48 hours, 1.40 in 72 hours and 1.50 in 96 hours. The dose of 100 μL presented a greater potential for the neem and clove oils. The clove essential oil has potential in the control of Tenuipalpus heveae.


A taxonomic revision is presented of Characodon and Xenotoca of the Goodeidae, a family of vivaparous fishes that is virtually restricted to the Mexican Plateau. The most recent family classification was based on anatomical characters of the ovary and trophotaeniae; these characters of the two genera were restudied and evaluated here in combination with added "conventional" information on morphological features and new information on karyotypes, courtship behavior, hybridization experiments, and discrimination tests. The distinctiveness of Characodon and Xenotoca is confirmed. The monotypy of Characodon with C. lateralis is supported, but Xenotoca is found to consist of three species: X. variata, the type species of the genus, X. eiseni, a species here withdrawn from synonymy with variata, and X. melanosoma, a distinctive new species described herein.


The article describes numerical research of fluid flow inside an axial-flow pump that includes adjustable guide vanes, impeller and discharge channel. The guide vanes in the extreme position cut off the flow through the pump. The article presents the performance curves of the pump at different pitch angle of those guide vanes, as well as some corresponding flow patterns. Cavitation characteristics are also presented. The results were obtained using the CFD software tools CFX-BladeGenPlus, CFX-TASCflow and CFX-5. In the previous article, the authors have presented a comprehensive comparison of numerical results with available experimental results for a similar pump. As it was demonstrated, the performance curves of the pump depend strongly on the guide vanes pitch angle. Conclusions concerning these dependencies are drawn. A particular attention is paid for evaluation of performance of the pump with swirl flow downstream of it.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Background: Neonatal period in bovine presents important variations in hematologic and immunologic parameters, and the resulting mortality rates may be due to increased susceptibility to disease. Race, age, environmental, climate and management factors are sources of CBC's parameters variation in cattle. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the CBC variables and concentrations of total protein (PTP) and plasma fibrinogen calves of Criolo Lageano Breed variety hornless and Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) in the first six months of life, which are produced under extensive management at the Planalto Serrano Catarinense (southern Brazil). Materials, Methods & Results: Two groups were selected, comprising 11 calves of Hornless Criolo Lageano and 14 calves of the Aberdeen Angus breed (Red Angus). Blood samples were collected for complete blood count and determination of total protein concentrations, and plasma fibrinogen in the periods between 24 h and 36, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of life. The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (P < 0.05). During the experimental period infestations by ticks in both races were observed. In the first month of life, blood smears revealed the presence of blood parasites of the genus Babesia spp. and Anaplasma sp. The fluctuations seen for erythrocyte in the neonatal period (30 days), although not significant, consisted of raising the number of values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), and reduction in mean corpuscular volume values (MCV). From 90 days of age there was a significant reduction in number of red blood cells and VG values, and elevated MCV values and mean corpuscular volume (MCHC) for the Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus). For the WBC, the neonatal period was marked by increase in the number of lymphocytes and decrease in neutrophil ratio: lymphocyte (N, L) with respect to the inversion of 15 days. In the age group 90 days of life was evident increase in the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in both races. The plasma fibrinogen concentrations showed no significant variations during the trial period. The plasma total protein (PTP), had higher values on the second day of life, with reductions up to 60 days and gradual increase in subsequent times. Discussion: The fluctuations related to the values of erythrocyte variables in the neonatal period are consistent with results reported by other authors in calves of other races. Changes in erythrocyte values observed from 90 days of age on race Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) can be attributed to infection by blood parasites and consequent hemolysis. As for the leucocyte count, increasing the number of lymphocytes and inversion of N:L is the neonatal period in a physiological variation and confirms observations made by other authors in calves of other races. In the age group 90 days, leukocytosis by lymphocytosis was related to natural premonition against Babesia spp. and Anaplasma spp., which is documented in cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. When analyzing the PTP values on the second day of life, it can be said that there has been proper transfer of passive immunity in both races, given the high correlation of PTP values and gamma globulins. The reduction of PTP and subsequent elevation values are characteristic of the physiological curve related to degradation of passively transferred immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin synthesis by competent immune system.


Groin complications after cardiac catheterizations are common. With the increasing use of mechanical hemostatic devices, cardiologists must be alert to a wide array of potential problems. We report an unusual complication after the use of a closure device. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:484–485. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We introduce layered-Givens transforms (LGTs) which are arbitrary-dimensional, tunable-complexity, orthonormal transforms of data. LGTs are formed by layers of data permutations and Givens rotations with the number of layers controlling the overall transform's computational complexity. We propose a novel method for the design of layered-Givens transforms that approximate desired complex transforms (such as KLTs, SOTs, etc.) so that most of the performance of the approximated transform is retained at significantly reduced complexity. Key to the LGT performance is the choice of the permutations that arrange the data prior to the Givens rotations. Despite the very highly combinatorial nature of the LGT design problem, we provide an algorithm that finds the optimal parameters (permutation and Givens rotations) for each layer. Our results show that designed LGTs closely approximate desired non-separable transforms at significantly reduced complexity.


It is difficult to monitor the collapse position of a gas extraction borehole in a coal seam. In order to solve this problem, a fiber-optic grating collapse monitoring technology was proposed. Five kinds of grating arrangements (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°) were examined to simulate the hole collapse. The relationship model between the center wavelength offset and the amount of collapsed coal and extraction flow was constructed to obtain the distribution curve of the hole collapse position and quality along the length of the hole, and flow decay rates of 80% and 50% were used as the critical values to classify the three levels of hole collapse. The results show that the hole collapse monitoring accuracy is the highest with the grating measurement points located below the substrate material arrangement. Finally, the effectiveness of fiber-optic grating monitoring technology was verified in the 2202 working face of the Changcun coal mine of the Lu'an Group, and the pure amount of gas extraction from the repaired borehole after monitoring was increased by 62.6% compared with that before the repair.


Structural phase analysis and measurements of electronic transport properties were carried out on heavily Si-implanted cubic (c-) BN films heteroepitaxially grown on diamond(001). Pure cubic phase can be conserved after Si implantation up to a concentration of 2×1020cm−3 and a related implantation damage of 0.9 displacements per atom. As a result, the temperature dependent sheet resistance is lowered by seven orders of magnitude as compared to undoped films. By temperature dependent Hall effect measurements, n-type conduction is confirmed for these heavily Si-implanted c-BN films. Due to the high Si doping levels a semiconductor-to-metal transition is approached as signaled by the extremely small activation energies of typically 0.05eV as well as by an almost temperature independent negative carrier concentration up to 470K. At higher temperatures an additional activated process sets in resulting in a further increase in carrier concentration with an activation energy of 0.4eV.


The study evaluated the efficacy of a sense-of-meaning intervention with a sample of adolescents and young adults. The participants included 47 high school learners and 22 university students from South Africa (age range 14 to 28 years, females made up 63.2%, majority (55%) were Sesotho-speaking). Data was collected on their sense of meaning regarding the intervention by means of the Purpose in Life Test (PIL) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). In addition, qualitative data was collected on the participants' subjective experiences of the intervention. A one-group, pretest-posttest design was employed. The quantitative data was analysed with t-tests for paired samples. The qualitative data was analysed by means of themes. A sense-of-meaning intervention appears to result in significant improvements in levels of meaning and significant reduction of depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults. When comparing the two groups, the young adults showed significantly higher meaning in life, and significantly lower depressive symptoms than the adolescents, before and after the intervention.


We propose that cosmological magnetic fields generated in regions of finite spatial dimensions may manifest themselves in the global dynamics of the Universe as "dark energy". We test our model in the context of spatially flat cosmological models by assuming that the Universe contains non-relativistic matter ρm ∝ α −3 ,d ark energyρQ ∝ α −3(1+w) , and an extra fluid with ρB ∝ α n−3 that corresponds to the magnetic field. We place constraints on the main cosmological parameters of our model by combining the recent supernovae type Ia data and the differential ages of passively evolving galaxies. In particular, we find that the model which best reproduces the observational data when Ωm = 0.26 is one with ΩB � 0.03, n � 7.68, ΩQ � 0.71 and w �− 0.8.


This article introduces a fast hybrid architecture to perform the inverse transform for multiple standards including H.264/AVC, VC-1, MPEG-4, MPEG-2, H.263, and AVS. Both separated and common circuits are used in the hybrid architecture to get high throughput (768 Mpixel/sec for 8-point IDCT and 1536 Mpixel/sec for 4-point IDCT) while keep the area acceptable for many supported standards (56,989 logic gates @ 384 MHz). This hybrid architecture is also very expandable for future codec implementation. The design is described at RTL and synthesized using 130 nm cell library.


In contrast to the current interpretation that unifies under the sign of "totalitarianism" Nazism and Bolshevism - and specifically Hitler and Stalin -, the article aims to demonstrate that the two leaders of Nazi Germany and of urss had opposite positions about politics. Hitler seems to be much closer to Winston Churchill's politics. Above all, the essay focuses on the concept of colonialism: the differences between Hitler and Stalin are now obvious. Hitler's war, was colonial war, with a basis of race, which has many similarities with United States's policy of conques. To that war, vigorously and successfully opposed the Stalin' urss; then: Stalin and Hitler are not twins, but mortal enemies. Key words: Stalin, Hitler, nazism, racism, colonialism, Second World War.


Cables buried in the seabed are objects of interests especially as companies have to verify that the buried depth of the cables is in the expected range, typically 1 m. Although several measurement systems have been designed in the past, there is no solution available that provides an accuracy of ±10 cm for this purpose. In our approach we suggest to model and measure the electrical field and electrical impedance to determine the depth of a sea cable. In the first step we develop an electrical static field model for analytic investigations. We validate the model by a simulation tool and provide results for critical environmental parameters that affect our measurement accuracy.


T he colourful career of Dr Ranjit Chandra may be old news to BMJ readers. In the spring of 2000 he sent to the BMJ a paper that claimed that a mixture of vitamins and minerals could reverse dementia in elderly people. The then BMJ editor, Richard Smith, thought that it was just too good to be true and one reviewer told him that it had all the hallmarks of having being completely invented. The full story can be read at BMJ 2005;331: 288-91

Applying the old adage that a thing isn't true until it's been on television, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation has put together a documentary on Chandra made by Chris O'Neill-Yates, and broadcast it over three …


An efficient decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes on erasure channels with sporadic errors (i.e., binary error-and-erasure channels with error probability much smaller than the erasure probability) is proposed and its performance analyzed. A general single-error multiple-erasure (SEME) decoding algorithm is first described, which may be in principle used with any binary linear block code. The algorithm is optimum whenever the non-erased part of the received word is affected by at most one error, and is capable of performing error detection of multiple errors. An upper bound on the average block error probability under SEME decoding is derived for the linear random code ensemble. The bound is tight and easy to implement. The algorithm is then adapted to LDPC codes, resulting in a simple modification to a previously proposed efficient maximum likelihood LDPC erasure decoder which exploits the parity-check matrix sparseness. Numerical results reveal that LDPC codes under efficient SEME decoding can closely approach the average performance of random codes.


A junction box that is used to make electrical connection to the photovoltaic panel. Junction box has two chambers including a first chamber and a second chamber, as well as sharing of the wall delimiting the both chambers. The wall may be configured to have an electrical connection through between. The two lids are configured to seal the two chambers respectively. The two lids are on opposite sides of the junction box with respect to the photovoltaic panel. The two lids may be attachable using different sealing process so as to have a different degree of sealing. The first chamber may be configured to receive a circuit board. The connection box, the first chamber may include a support portion for mounting the printed circuit board. The second chamber is configured for electrical connection to the photovoltaic panel. Metallic heat sink may be bonded to the first chamber. The first chamber is configured to receive a circuit board for power conversion, a metal heat sink is configured to dissipate heat generated by the circuit board.


Background — Advances in neonatal intensive care have resulted in high survival rates for infants born with extremely low birth weight. Accordingly, the treatment and rehabilitation of premature neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is indisputably an urgent problem. Objective — To evaluate the efficacy of vibroacoustic therapy in patients with BPD in the complex of therapeutic measures. Material and Methods — The study was a prospective, non-randomized open-label controlled clinical trial conducted in 2018-2020 in Astana, Kazakhstan. It included 69 children with BPD hospitalized with a concomitant diagnosis of pneumonia between the ages of 1 and 2 years. The study subjects were distributed among two groups: Group 1 (the main group, n=37) receiving vibroacoustic therapy with the VibroLung apparatus in combination with the main treatment and Group 2 (the control, n=32) receiving solely the main treatment. Results — The inclusion of the vibroacoustic method of treatment in the combination therapy of pneumonia in children with BPD resulted in early leveling of the following clinical symptoms: a reduction in the duration of the high fever by 1.18 days vs. the control group (p<0.05), relief of respiratory failure 1.4 days earlier vs. the control group (p<0.05) and a decrease in the duration of inpatient treatment by 2.9 days, compared with the control group (p<0.05). All of these implied the efficacy of this treatment method. Conclusion — Our results demonstrated that vibroacoustic therapy was a relevant addition to the treatment of pneumonia in children with BPD.


Background Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a time‐integrated marker of glycemic control, predicts risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among diabetics. Few studies have examined HbA1c and risk of CHD among women and men without clinically elevated levels or previously diagnosed diabetes. Methods and Results We conducted parallel nested case–control studies among women (Nurses' Health Study) and men (Health Professionals Follow‐up Study). During 14 and 10 years of follow‐up, 468 women and 454 men developed incident nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and fatal CHD. Controls were matched 2:1 based on age, smoking, and date of blood draw. For these analyses, participants with a history of diabetes or HbA1c levels ≥6.5% at baseline were excluded. Compared with HbA1c of 5.0% to <5.5%, those with an HbA1c of 6.0% to <6.5% had a multivariable‐adjusted relative risk (RR) of CHD of 1.90 (95% CI 1.11 to 3.25) in women and 1.81 (95% CI 1.09 to 3.03) in men. The pooled RR of CHD was 1.29 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.50) for every 0.5%‐increment increase in HbA1c levels and 1.67 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.25) for every 1%‐increment increase, with the risk plateauing around 5.0%. Furthermore, participants with HbA1c levels between 6.0% and <6.5% and C‐reactive protein levels >3.0 mg/L had a 2.5‐fold higher risk of CHD compared with participants in the lowest categories of both biomarkers. Conclusions Our findings suggest that HbA1c is associated with CHD risk among apparently healthy, nondiabetic women and men and may be an important early clinical marker of disease risk.


In order to satisfy the accuracy of adaptive filter and the robustness against time-variable noise, a recursive Kalman filter is introduced into the adaptive filter. Furthermore, to eliminate the rounding error in the computation, an approach using the square root matrix decomposed and the noise statistical estimator is proposed to form a new noise statistical square root Kalman adaptive filter. The square root Kalman adaptive filter is applied to form adaptive optical current transducer (AOCT). The performance of AOCT is examined strictly by using the standard testing system authenticated by the state authority according to standard. The results indicate that under the steady state the measurement precision of the AOCT has already reached 0.2 class and under the transient state the maximum peak instantaneous alternating current component error of the AOCT has already reached 1 class. At present, the AOCT has been installed in a substation in Baoding city, Hebei province and has been working continuously for twenty five months.


The treatment of locally or regionally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix is still controversial. We present here ten advanced primary cases of uterine cervical squamous carcinomas treated between 1991 to 1992. The pelvic doses were 54.7 •} 3.8 Gy externally and 25.7 •} 2.7 Gy (point A) intracavitary. Hyperthermia (HT) was performed using a Thermotron RF8, and the effective heating times (•"41 •Ž) was 202.4 •} 44.0 min / 6.6 •} 0.8 sessions. The mean over-all treatment period was 59.4 •} 8.8 days. Acute adverse effects were observed in two patients, including umbilical burning and a subcutaneous consolidation cranial to the pubic bone. All the stage III patients (N = 7) were locally controlled during their follow-up period. The overall 5-year survival rates for stages III and IVa (N = 3) were 50% and 33%, respectively. The later results were relatively good in patients who did not develop hematogenous metastasis. The treatment administered was effective for the local control of stage III disease, but not for systemic control. Therefore, a new protocol for radio-chemo-hyperthermia is necessary for improving the survival rates .


The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are found to be potential chemopreventive agents of ulcerative colitis. Sulfasalazine, an NSAID with containing salicylate and Sulfapyridine was proved to be effective for pain and inflammation. In the light of this information, the present study was carried out to develop oral colon-targeting drug delivery system for sulfasalazine using xanthan gum as a carrier. Matrix tablets containing various proportions of xanthan gum were prepared by wet granulation technique using starch paste as a binder. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, drug content and were subjected to in vitro drug release studies. The amount of sulfasalazine released from the matrix tablets at different time intervals was estimated by a UV method. Xanthan gum matrix tablets released only 1-5% of sulfasalazine in the physiological environment of stomach and small intestine depending on the proportion of xanthan gum used in the formulation. When the dissolution study was continued in simulated colonic fluids (with rat caecal content medium), the matrix tablets containing higher amount of xanthan gum release rate gradually decreases of sulfasalazine after degradation by the colonic bacterial action. The matrix tablets containing 40 mg of xanthan gum released about 98.46% of sulfasalazine in simulated colonic fluids up to 24 hr containing rat caecal contents. The xanthan gum matrix tablets of sulfasalazine WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES SJIF Impact Factor 6.647 Volume 6, Issue 7, 557-566 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 Article Received on 25 April. 2017, Revised on 15 May l 2017, Accepted on 05 June 2017, DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20177-7359 *Corresponding Author Shinde Vidya Sudhakar


Large shifts in domestic beef demand have had substantial impacts on the beef industry. Before the late 1970s, growth in the U.S. economy and rising consumer incomes contributed to beef demand increasing for a sustained period. In response to growing product demand, the beef industry increased in size. However, starting about 1980, domestic retail beef demand weak-ened and subsequently declined every year through 1998. The long-run decline in retail beef demand contributed to a reduction in cattle industry size, particularly in rela-tion to competing meat sectors such as poultry and pork. In 1999, following nearly 20 consecutive years of decline, domestic beef demand began to strengthen. From the late 1990s through 2004, the all fresh domestic retail beef demand index increased from a low of 76 to a peak of 92, before weakening again from 2005 through 2008.Designing programs to increase domestic retail beef demand requires a comprehensive understanding of the many underlying factors that caused beef demand to decline precipitously during the 1980s and 1990s. Likewise, it is important to determine what caused recent beef demand increases from the late 1990s through the middle part of this decade. Increasing consumer demand for beef requires concerted effort by all vertical segments of the production, processing, and marketing chain as there are myriad opportunities to improve product quality, food safety, and diversity of product offerings. How the industry collectively responds to these challenges will ultimately determine the success or failure of demand enhancement initiatives. The purpose of this study was to provide a compre-hensive and updated assessment of factors influencing U.S. consumer demand for beef. To assess the relative impact various factors have on beef demand, a demand model was built to estimate the impacts of beef, competing meat, and other goods prices; consumer expenditures; published information on food safety, health and nutrition information related to meat consumption; female labor force participation; and expenditures on food consumed away from home. Quarterly data from 1982 through 2007 were used to estimate the model. Estimates obtained from the model provide measures of expected impacts from changes in each of the demand drivers. This fact sheet focuses on the impact of key demand drivers on U.S. consumer demand for beef and what these results mean for the U.S. beef industry.


The Duty Health Physicist Program at Byron Station was established to deal with routine health physics tasks and provide an interface between frontline and upper radiation-chemistry management. The program consists of a weekly rotation of selected members of the health physics staff into the duty health physicist position to handle the assigned duty tasks. The tasks include, but are not limited to, daily isotopic and air sample review, effluent release package review, maximum permissible concentration calculations, dose approvals, as-low-as-reasonably-achievable action review of pending jobs, and general availability to answer questions and address problems in health-physics-related areas of plant operation. The daily attendance of the duty health physicist at the radiation-chemistry and station plan-of-the-day meetings has increased the overall presence and visibility of the health physics program to upper station management and other station departments. Since its inception in July of 1985, the Duty Health Physics Program has been a major contributor to the observed 50% reduction in reportable personnel errors in the radiation-chemistry department.


Abstract A theoretical analysis of the interactions between atmospheric meridional transports and the thermohaline circulation is presented, using a four-box ocean-atmosphere model in one hemisphere. The model is a simplified version of that developed by Nakamura Stone, and Marotzke and is amenable to analytical solutions. The ocean model is Stommel's; the atmospheric model gives the surface heat and freshwater fluxes as residuals of the atmospheric energy and moisture budgets, assumed in balance. Radiation at the top of the atmosphere depends linearly on surface temperature; atmospheric meridional heat and moisture transports are proportional to the meridional temperature gradient. A Newtonian cooling law is derived for differential surface heat flux. The restoring coefficient is proportional to the efficiency of atmospheric transports and inversely proportional to the relative ocean area compared to total surface area. Surface freshwater flux increases with increasing temperature gradient and is inverse...


We report a case of pectus excavatum associated with ventricular tachycardia provoked by exercise in a 19‐year‐old man. Although this chest deformity has been associated with supraventricular dysrhythmias, documented ventricular tachycardia has only been reported once. Our patient's ventricular dysrhythmia was treated by surgical correction of his pectus excavatum only, and at 3 years follow‐up he has had no recurrence of his ventricular tachycardia.


The paper presents a classification of 51 solvents based on clustering in three-dimensional space formed by the empirical scale of PAC, PBC, and PPC parameters designed for interpretation of solvent effect on a model with cross-terms. For the classification used are the clustering methods of the nearest neighbour, of the furthest neighbour, of average bond, and the centroid method


Abstract Anodic polarization data were obtained for carbon steel in 4.1 weight percent ammonia solution prepared from ammonium chloride solution saturated with sodium chloride, from a pH of 5.2 to 11.8. Stable active and passive states were observed when the pH was greater than 10.2. Negative current loops were observed in the passive region with a doublet occurring at a pH of 11.0. Secondary critical current densities were observed in the passive region near −550 mv. The maximum critical anodic current density of 2.4 ma/sq cm occurred at a pH of 9.5. The critical pH of 10.2 determined from polarization data was lower than the pH of 13.1 calculated from the limiting diffusion current for the reduction of oxygen, obtained from correlations between the thickness of the diffusion layer and the mass transfer coefficient of benzoic acid in a saturated sodium chloride solution. The difference is attributed to the presence of ammonia in the solutions for which anodic polarization data were obtained.


We present a study on the origin of the metallicity evolution of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) by applying a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation to N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) non-radiative numerical simulations of clusters of galaxies. The semi-analytic model includes gas cooling, star formation, supernovae feedback and metal enrichment, and is linked to the diffuse gas of the underlying simulations so that the chemical properties of gas particles are dynamically and consistently generated from stars in the galaxies. This hybrid model lets us have information on the spatial distribution of metals in the ICM. The results