The marginal socio-economic condition of many people, lack of cooperative culture and cultural aversion towards waste, absence of well-defined enforcement mechanism to effectively coerce the population, restricted public service funding, high rate of population growth and the resulting ever increasing waste production are some of the major challenges faced by most developing countries, including Ethiopia, in an effort to implement effective and efficient municipal solid waste management (MSWM).
Koshe/Repi, an old landfill in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, is considered to be a huge opportunity in terms of material recovery and energy production. In fact, by adopting Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM) as approach for handling the cumulated waste, considerable net economic benefits may be attached to energy production (Waste-to-Energy, WtE) and materials recovery (Waste-to-Material, WtM). In line with this, the thesis produces a preliminary decision making model for Koshe/Repi ELFM project by considering the time evolution of predicted CO2 emission reduction and landfill gas recovery. To achieve this objective, we take a real option perspective and use the binomial method for assessing the economic profitability of the project. Empirically, the model is supported by data from Addis Ababa city municipality, community development research and Ethiopian electric power corporation (EEPCo).
Results of the model reveals that, the percentage (or share), α, of total revenue from emission reduction to be reimbursed to a private firm, is crucial in attracting investments to Koshe/Repi ELFM project. Moreover, for a specific share value (e.g. 16%), where the net present value (NPV) is negative ($–0.18 million), the low annual volatility of electricity price (15%) is high enough to offset the negative NPV. As a result, the project is worth to invest for share value between 15% and 17% included, even though the NPV is negative. Finally, this study call for further investigation focusing on the estimation of determinant exogenous parameters such as annual volatility, carbon credit, investment and operation costs, salvage value and penalty cost.


Objective In order to deeper understand DCIS,improve the rate of diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy.Methods The clinical data of 123 DCIS treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University were retrospectively analyzed in regards to age at onset of disease,clinical features,breast ultrasound examination,mammography examination,pathology,immunohistochemistry examination,and surgical methods.Results(1) The average age at onset was(47.7±9.3) years.(2)The major features on physical examination were breast lump in 79cases,nipple discharge in 19cases,and breast pain with glandular thickening in 30 cases.(3)Among 45 cases that underwent both ultrasound and mammography examination,in 17cases(60%) and 30 cases(66.7%) respectively,might be positive for malignancy,but the difference between the 2 melhods was not significant.With the use of both methods togather,diagmosis of possible malignant lesion was made in 37 cases(82.2%).(4) Sixty-five cases underwent breast ultrasound examination,substantive mass was found in 43 cases(66%),blood flow signals in 41 cases(63%),ductal dilatation in 52 cases(80%) and intraductal spotty strong light beam in 33 cases(50.7%).(5) Fifty-two cases underwent breast mammography examination,which showed sand-like calcification,mass with calcification clusters,localized gland density and breast tumor.(6)The immunohistochemistry examination included estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),p53 and c-erbB-2,but the rate of positive expressios of those indices showed no significance difference between DCIS and DIS with microvasion(DCIS-MI).(7)Six cases underwent radical mastectomy(of which there were 3 cases of DCIS-MI).Modified radical mastectomy was done in 86 cases,including 59 cases of DCIS,27 cases of DCIS-MI.Lymph node metastasis was found in 2 cases of DCIS,and 5 cases of DCIS-MI.ConclusionsCombined breast ultrasound and mammography can increase the rate of DCIS diagnosis.


Background and purpose:TNBC is not only a hot research spot but also difficult type for therapy in breast cancer.Up to date,there is no sufficient effective gene therapy for it.In order to present a new approach to the gene therapy,we treated the TNBC with histone deacetylase inhibitors and observed its effects on the cell growth. Methods:We treated the TNBC cell MDA-MB-468 with histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA.Chose the MTS to observe the cell growth arrest,selected the flow cytometry(FCM)to see the cell cycle distribution,apoptosis and the expression of Cyclin A2,Cyclin D1,P21 and 14-3-3σ.SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze the data.Meanwhile we used the Western blot to identify the expression of the above four protein.Results:From the MTS we could see that SAHA could not only inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-468 cell after adding it 24 hours but also could cause cell apoptosis and reach their peak at the time of 72 hours.From the FCM we can see the proportion of S-phase cell and the expression of Cyclin A2 were decreased after adding the SAHA 24 hours.Meanwhile the cell apoptosis and the expression of P21, 14-3-3σand Cyclin D1 were increased.The Western blot also showed the above results.Conclusion:SAHA,which could cause the death of TNBC cell MDA-MB-468,is also the most powerful histone deacetylase inhibitor for it.The effect of depression of cell growth shows time-effect relation.P21,14-3-3σ,Cyclin A2 and Cyclin D1 are involved in this regulation of cell cycle.


It is well known that fracture toughness value is affected by strain rate. As for strain rate, the dependency of fracture toughness on fracture parameter rate has been usually studied. In the linear fracture mechanics, fracture parameter rate (dK/dt) is directly related to strain rate. However, in the non-linear fracture mechanics, the relation between fracture parameter rate (dδ/dt, dJ/dt) and strain rate has not yet been made clear. Therefore, in the safety assessment of real structures, non-linear fracture parameter can not be applied in case of which the effect of the strain rate on the fracture toughness needs to be considered.In this paper, fracture initiation point is assumed to be the tip of the intensely deformed non-linear zone defined by Rice, which is considered to show the maximum triaxial constraint. Then the strain rate at the supposed fracture initiation point is given in connection with remote strain rate which corresponds to the strain rate in non-cracked plate. By use of the newly difined strain rate, strain rate-temperature parameter is determined, which represents the effect of strain rate on fracture toughness. Compact tension tests and COD tests with different strain rate and temperature, as well as KId tests are carried out to verify above conception.


Since the beginning of reform and opening up.China's rapid economic growth and the emergence of new employment situation.Chinese scholars began to study the relationship between economic growth and employment since the 1990s.the results testifies "Okun's Law" in failure,the "Okun's Paradox" has appeared in our country,Heilongjiang Province's economic growth and employment relations differented from the overall situation of national and international.Heilongjiang province economic growth and employment relation particularity and specially appointed.Heilongjiang Province has conducted research for economic growth strategies,economic development,employment policies,strategies for solving the employment problem for reference.


and quantity indexes are calculated separately for components of GDP and therefore the difference between nominal GDP and real GDP growth is only approximately equal to the change in the GDP price index. With fixed-weights, the GDP deflator is defined as the ratio of nominal to real GDP and hence the gap between nominal and real GDP growth rates is precisely equal to the growth rate in the GDP deflator.


Objective To explore the role of health education in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The control group was conducted with conventional treatment for blood glucose control,while the observation group was conducted with health education and explanation of related problems on the basis of the control group in the process of treatment.Indexes such as FBG,2hBG,TG,HbA1c and BMI were detected and compared between two groups.Results Improved conditions of FBG,2hBG,TG,HbA1c and BMI in the observation were significantly better than the control group,and there were significant differences between two groups(P0.01);Self recognition rate of hypoglycemia,DKA,cerebrovascular accidents and other complications in the observation group was higher than the control group,and there were significant differences between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Health education plays an important role in controlling blood glucose and delaying the occurrence of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.


The aim of the present study was to investigate the anthelminthic activity of vegetable fixed oils, castor oil and mustard oil using adult earthworm, Pheritima posthuma . The oils were tested at different concentrations for the determination of paralysis time and death time of the earthworms. Albendazole is used as standard and it was found that castor oil and mustard oil showed a better anthelminthic activity in comparison with the standard. Key words: Anthelminthic activity, Albendazole, Earthworm, Castor oil, Mustard oil Sarvani Manthri et al. Anthelmintic Activity of Castor Oil and Mustard Oil. J Phytol 3/3 (2011) 12-14.


The Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Mechanism has proved to be quite successful across the globe and is prevalent in many countries including the U.S., the U.K., Japan, Australia, etc.. It is expected to play similar role in promoting the renewable energy technologies in India. India has launched its REC Mechanism in November 2010. It is a pan India market based instrument and has been introduced to meet 'Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO)' and 'Voluntary' purchase of the RECs. REC Mechanism provides two different markets to the RE Generators -one from sale the electricity component as 'conventional electricity' and the other for the associated environmental attributes in the form of REC(s) and expected to bring about a paradigm shift for the renewable based electricity in future. The REC framework has been established and about 3400 MW capacity has been registered under the Mechanism. In March 2011, in the first trading session for RECs, the issuance of RECs was just 532. In February 2013, the twenty fourth trading session was held which witnessed the issuance of RECs crossing the 5 millionth mark. Though the RECs continue to hold promise, the market's performance has been weak in recent months. This paper presents a brief overview in terms of the concept, salient features, status, trends, issues and the way forward in the Indian Renewable Energy Certificate(s) Mechanism.


The present study was to evaluate two pre- germination treatments in the seeds of Mimosa scabrella (Bracatinga), to overcome dormancy. The experiment was conducted in laboratory, without control of incidence of light or temperature, leaving them as much as possible to natural conditions. The treatments consisted of immersion in water at 80 ° C for 24 hours and length and without seed treatment. Sowing was done after this period in trays upon the land of virgin forest as substrate. The characteristics evaluated were to emergence index and emergence speed. It was concluded therefore that the seed soaking in water at 80 ° C followed by immersion for 24 hours vigor's seedlings exhibiting more and faster germination. While untreated seeds also showed germination rates, but smaller and with low speed


Disease management is a term with multiple and ambiguous meanings. For some, it is purely a form of managing care. For others, it is 'strategic planning' by the pharmaceutical industry to market its products in a different way. In between these two ends of the semantic spectrum are a wide variety of interpretations and usage. Forms of health care management exist that embody all the principles of disease management, but which are given a different label. In this report, we explore different notions of disease management and consider their relevance to the NHS. In doing so, we draw on a review of the medical literature on disease management, which comes mainly from the US, and on a survey we have conducted among senior personnel in the NHS and the UK pharmaceutical industry (see Appendix 1 for details of our survey). The report is structured as follows. ● In section 1, a working definition for disease management is assembled and the role of the pharmaceutical industry considered. ● In section 2, the background to disease management and its origins in the US are described. Some practical examples of disease management in the US are outlined. ● In section 3, the relevance of disease management to the NHS is explored. Viewpoints on the potential for pharmaceutical industry involvement in disease management are presented. The potential barriers to the development of disease management in the NHS are then considered. ● In section 4, examples of 'joint ventures' in the NHS are set out, based largely on a 'joint venture' survey (see Appendix 2), that followed on from results of the 'disease management' survey. ● Finally, section 5 addresses the future for disease management in the NHS.


This paper describes the realization of a biologically-based vision system for autonomous mobile robots. This system presents two main aspects: a multi-modal vision (fovea and peripheral vision) coupled with a collision avoidance algorithm. We have carried out all the simulations of this system and realized several prototyping boards. The prototyping on FPGA architectures will lead to the development of a specialized circuit (ASIC) to be part of the control structure of a mobile autonomous flying robot.


This paper is about the design and implementation of a FPGA Controller based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Technique for a Three Phase Three-level Inverter using VHDL. The generated pulses can be used for the Induction Motor speed control. In the past years DC motors were very popular in variable-speed drives. Today DC motors are being replaced by AC motors with associated converters, because the converters are becoming cheaper. AC drives use an adjustable-frequency inverter that adjusts frequency and voltage to vary the speed of an AC motor. This control is typically produced through pulse width modulation (PWM). Today FPGAs are alternative to DSPs. Since the FPGA is suitable for fast implementation control and can be programmed to do any type of digital functions. The FPGA based controller is used to generate SPWM pulses using VHDL for Voltage/ frequency (V/f) control, which is used to control the Inverter. The output of the inverter can be used as supply to a three phase induction motor and thereby speed of the motor can be controlled. SPWM is a very simple technique for harmonic reduction. In this technique pulse magnitude will be constant and only pulse time (width) can be changed. In this technique pure sine wave is compared with carrier (triangular) wave and produces gate pulses. KeywordsSPWM, FPGA, VHDL Code, Three-level inverter.


PURPOSE
To compare the imaging characteristics of colonic submucosal tumors at endoscopic ultrasound (US) and target air-enema computed tomography (TACT) with those at conventional double-contrast barium enema study and colonoscopy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty consecutive patients with suspected colonic submucosal tumors at barium enema study and colonoscopy underwent endoscopic US, TACT, or both. Morphologic features and posture-related change in shape of tumor were evaluated with barium enema study, color and consistency of tumor with colonoscopy, internal echogenicity of tumor and layer of origin in normal colonic wall with endoscopic US, and CT attenuation number with TACT.

RESULTS
Eight lipomas, seven carcinoids, three leiomyomas, four lymphangiomas, and one hemangioma were found at histologic examination. Lipomas and lymphangiomas had characteristic findings at endoscopic US and TACT. The differential diagnosis of the other submucosal tumors was facilitated by using endoscopic US.

CONCLUSION
Endoscopic US and TACT may play a valuable role in the evaluation of colonic submucosal tumors.


The over-arching claim that I intend to defend in this paper is that while widespread 'local' error is conceivable, we cannot, in the end, make sense of the radical sceptical idea that all our perceptual beliefs might be false – that no one has, as it were, ever been in touch with an 'external world' at all. To this end, I will show that an asymmetry exists between 'local' and 'global' sceptical scenarios, such that the possibility of 'local' error does not imply that 'global' error must also be possible. Instead, we will see that what gives rise to the radical sceptical problem is an unquestioned acceptance of the 'New Evil Genius Thesis' (NET) – the notion that I and my 'envatted' counterpart share the same perceptual experiences, even though my benighted twin has never had any contact with an 'external' reality. Although most contemporary epistemologists take NET for granted, I will show that it cannot, ultimately, be rendered intelligible, and, consequently, that neither can the 'global' sceptical scenario that depends on it.


Ontario Hydro has developed several essentially non-destructive metallurgical methods for assessing the remaining life of high-temperature components in fossil-fuelled electricity generating units. For super-heater and reheater tubing, a life-prediction model has been developed and subsequently refined. For headers, piping and associated welds, surface replication has been adopted for the detection and assessment of creep cavitation damage. The scope of replication has recently been broadened significantly to include metal temperature estimation; and also detection of creep strain concentration, both being vital inputs to component life management.


This invention relates to a method for the manufacture of an organic phosphonyl halide. In one aspect the in vention relates to the production of alkyl phosphonyl halides, including acyclic and alicyclic alkyl phosphonyl halides. In one of its more particular aspects, the inven tion relates to the production of methane phosphonyl dichloride. The organic phosphonyl halides and especially meth ane phosphonyl dichloride are much in demand as inter mediate chemical reactants for the production of more complex organic phosphorus compounds, such as the cor responding esters, free acids and amides by conventional methods, which are useful as fungicides, insecticides, pharmaceuticals, petroleum additives to improve the sta bility and quality of lubricating oils, and polymer addi tives. The conventional method for producing the or ganic phosphonyl halides is illustrated by the following


This paper analyses the repercussions of the crisis of Modernity in the historiography of education in recent decades, both in research discourse and practice and in the academic approaches to the teaching of our discipline. At the same time, and as an example, it examines certain emerging themes in the new history of educa‐ tion, within this context of the present epistemological debate, with special attention to ethnomethodological and microhistorical approaches and to some modernised traditional genres. These new study practices, which have been introduced with certain delay with respect to their presence in other disciplines, are seen to be similar to the new narrative styles of postmodernism, albeit with a certain theoretical relativism and a markedly eclectic attitude in historico‐ educational writing.


As for the method, for the main layer the H. M model may be
adopted and for the surrounding layer the Kalvin or Voight model may
be adopted.
According to the stress-strain relations of each model and the
corresponding principle of elastic behavior and elastico-viscous behavior,
the differential equation of the fold deflection, for which the buckling
fold of main layer has its initial deflection, is obtained. And then the
practical solution of the fold deflection evolving with time is discussed.


Summary Magnesium sulfate injected LP. into rats promotes synthesis of both TCA soluble and TCA insoluble glycogen fractions in the liver after one hour. Heart and skeletal muscle show a significant rise in TCA insoluble glycogen fraction after 4 hours. Skeletal muscle also shows a significant rise in total glycogen after 4 hours. Magnesium appears to be one of the few substances which promote synthesis of the TCA insoluble glycogen fraction.


Is the warrant of arrest against Omar Al-Bashir acceptable and enforceable or is the intervention a case of "neocolonialism"? - A paper about the acceptable boundaries for the intervention of the International Criminal Court in a sovereign nation.


Here we show the current knowledge of bryophilous Pezizales in the Canary Islands based on a bibliographic revision. Also, a morpho-taxonomic study of bryophyte-associated fungi of the family Pyronemataceae (Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota) using vital taxonomy was done using collections from Tenerife island. Five species have been identified; two of them are new records for the archipelago (Lamprospora miniata and Lamprospora annulata), one is a new record for Tenerife (Lamprospora pseudoarvensis) and we confirm the presence of Neottiella ricciae and Octospora excipulata in the Canary Islands. We provide for each species a detailed description and iconography, as well as a taxonomic discussion comparing our results with those of other authors. Additionally, all the bryophytes associated with the fungi were identified


Point cloud processing using neural network is challenging due to its irregular and unstructured nature. In recent development, two general types of deep learning neural networks can generate point cloud in canonical representation for good classification performance, i.e. point-based method and neighborhood-based method. Point-based methods process every single point with neural linking to find its representation, while neighborhood-based methods compute the local correlation between each point and its neighbors. To study the difference of both approaches, a comparative study on the benchmarking PointNet and Dynamic Graph Convolutional Neural Network (DGCNN) with several experiments are provided in this paper to highlight their advantages and limitation. The comparison between DGCNN and PointNet is made in terms of training time in an epoch, inference time, accuracy and the number of parameters on point cloud classification tasks using the ModelNet40 dataset. The confusion matrices are visualized to provide an in-depth comparison of inter-class and intra-class of objects classification. As a result, DGCNN achieves better overall accuracy and a lower number of parameters (92.87% and 3.47 million parameters) when compared to PointNet (90.05% and 1.81 million parameters). However, PointNet achieves a faster training time (32 seconds) and inference time (3 seconds) as compared to DGCNN training time (162 seconds) and inference time (11 seconds).


In order to improve the yield and quality of tea in Guizhou through reasonable fertilization,the effects of 5 different microbial fertilizer treatments on the yield and quality of tea variety Qianmei 809 were studied in this paper.The results showed that the tea yield in treatment F2(microbial organic fertilizer-formula fertilizer) was significantly different from that in treatment F0(no fertilizer application,the control),treatment F3(1.5-fold microbial organic fertilizer-formula fertilizer) and treatment F4(microbial organic fertilizer),but it was not obviously different from that in treatment F1(microbial organic fertilizer-inorganic fertilizer).Fertilization could increase the yield and amino acid content of Qianmei 809,and the treatment of microbial organic fertilizer-formula fertilizer had the best effects.But excessive fertilizer application would reduce the yield and tea polyphenol content,while it had little effect on the water extract of tea.


Abstract A broad range of morphological variation is known to occur within the lichen-forming fungal genus Acarospora (Acarosporaceae, Ascomycota). In this study, we investigated the relationships of a number of interesting Acarospora collections from western North America using morphological, chemical and molecular sequence data. Our results revealed patterns of apparent convergence of some morphologies traditionally considered a single taxon, coupled with a striking range of morphological disparity within other lineages. Based on the results of this study, a species of lichen-forming fungi, Acarospora tintickiana sp. nov., is formally described as new to science, occurring on hard limestone substrates in the Great Basin of western North America. Furthermore, a number of additional candidate species are recognized and merit additional research before formal taxonomic recognition. This study highlights the importance of implementing an integrative taxonomic approach, incorporating a broad range of data, including molecular sequence data, for diagnosing evolutionarily independent species-level lineages in lichen-forming fungi.


This article summarizes the variaties,causes and controlling methods of the waves during rolling aluminium foil in production practice.So the waves can be within the control of producing in high limit,and the quality of aluminium foil can be improved also.


Motivated by the abundance of duplication operations appearing in natural languages and in the genetic area, we introduce a generative mechanism based on duplication operations: one starts from a given finite set of strings and one produces new strings by copying certain substrings, according to a set of given rules (which specify contexts where duplicated substrings can be inserted). We mainly investigate the power of such devices, comparing the obtained families of languages to each other and with families in the Chomsky hierarchy. In this context, we also solve a problem left open in a paper by Dassow and Mitrana, [1], even giving a stronger results: the iterated duplication with rules of only one type (see formal definitions in the sequel) can generate non-context-free languages (even non-matrix languages).


Cardiac catheterization facilitates the assessment of left ventricular function in coronary artery disease (CAD). Digital left ventriculography offers the potential for an on-line quantitative determination of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV). These are routinely evaluated by the area- length method (ALM), which is considered as a standard. Densitometry (DENS) is an alternative method but may lead to calculated underestimations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of corrected DENS for LVEDV and LVESV in comparison with ALM in single-plane 30° right anterior oblique (RAO) projection. The computer densitometric correction equation was adapted from the linear regression analysis (y=0.86x+2.73) in cardiac models and applied to the analysis of digital left ventriculograms in patients suffering from CAD. The study of cardiac models yielded highly significant correlations (r≥ 0.9; P≤ 0.001) between true volumes and both DENS and ALM. DENS and ALM correlated highly signif icantly (r≥ 0.9; P ≤ 0.001) with a low standard error of estimate (SEE) of ±9.5 mL. The comparison of DENS and ALM in 44 patients' digital ventriculograms exhibited highly significant (r=0.74; P ≤ 0.001) correlations for noncorrected and corrected LVEDV. Systematic underestimation by DENS of LVEDV disappeared after correction and SEE decreased from ±23.7 to ±19.2 mL. DENS and ALM correlated highly significantly for LVESV (r=0.78; P ≤ 0.001; SEE ± 15.6 mL ± 13.5 mL, respectively) after correction. Following correction, mean values for DENS increased from 116 ±32 to 132 ±37 mL (LVEDV) and 50 ±22 to 55 ±25 mL (LVESV). For ALM, mean values decreased from 159 ±35 to 127 ±28 mL (LVEDV) and 55 ±25 to 46 ±21 mL (LVESV). This study shows that LVEDV and LVESV can be reliably analyzed on-line by corrected computer densitometry. Method-related errors of both DENS and ALM are present and account for minor volume deviations.


Post-depositional thermal conditions have been investigated throughout the Phanerozoic sedimentary succession in Skane. Clay mineralogy and illite crystallinity have been the main tools for the Lower Palaeozoic strata. Within the Mesozoic sequence thermal influence was examined using RockEval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance analysis.

Clay mineralogy of the Lower Palaeozoic shales and mudstones is generally very uniform with illite and chlorite present. Illite crystallinity values (Kubler index) for these rocks range between 0.41–1.2 (delta degrees two theta) (air-dried), indicating diagenetic to high-diagenetic/anchimetamorphic conditions. In SW Skane a trend with improved illite crystallinity in the more deeply buried and older strata is observed. This is to be expected in a sedimentary basin subjected to burial controlled diagenetic/thermal impact only. However, in the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone (STZ), where illite crystallinity data show no obvious relationship with stratigraphical position, a more complex thermal history is implied. Most striking in the illite crystallinity data from the STZ is perhaps the improved illite crystallinity recorded for the Upper Silurian Colonus Shale and Oved-Ramsasa Group, i.e., the youngest Palaeozoic strata in Skane. High-grade illites there indicate a Post-Silurian thermal event, probably caused by the intrusion of numerous dolerite dykes during the Permian and Carboniferous. Besides thermal effects close to intersecting dykes, the subsequent superficial effusives have constituted more extensive thermal impact on the uppermost part of the sedimentary column.

In the proximity of intruding dykes anomalous clay mineralogy has been observed, in contact-metamorphosed shale. For example kaolinite has been found at Akarpsmolla, where a 40 m wide dolerite dyke intrudes Upper Cambrian Alum Shale. Swelling clay minerals, exotic to the Colonus Shale in Skane, has been identified in the dolerite quarry at Ronnarp. Here a mixed-layer chlorite/smectite mineral was present in the innermost contact-zone, whereas illite was lacking.

Mesozoic thermal conditions generally indicate low to moderate palaeotemperatures in the range of c. 40–90 degrees (C). These data are in agreement with burial estimates and suggest that burial imposed the main diagenetic impact. A deviation from this picture of limited thermal influence has been observed from the Hoor Sandstone in Central Skane and is also indicated in SW Skane close to the Svedala Fault. Hot fluids derived from tectonic and volcanic activity are believed to have affected these strata causing their anomalous thermal maturity.


The buy side is taking more control of its trading decisions while looking for faster, lower-cost and anonymous executions. Direct market access (DMA) tools permit buy-side traders to access execution venues directly, without intervention from a broker's trading desk. Ultra-Low latency trading helps them to achieve order execution with lighting pace. This report gives a brief insight about DMA and Ultra low latency services and there significance in India.


This contribution to social gerontology and nissology addresses a knowledge gap in contemporary gendered ageing within remote, rural island place. Reflecting participant narrative, this study explores personal and place identity, place attachment, and perspectives on gendered island ageing at mid-life and in older age.
 Methods: Drwing on empirical data gathered through in-depth interviews with 12 mid-life (48–69 years old) women living in remote islands of Scotland, the relationship between ageing and remote rural island living is examined. This qualitative work adopts a life-course framework in order to acknowledge lived experience and cultural context from childhood to adulthood. Data were analysed and informed by constructivist grounded theory, a methodology well placed for exploratory research about which little is known.

 Data found no island mono-culturalism. Remote rural island ageing appears distinct from mainland rural ageing. Findings indicate diverse relationships between ageing and place among mid-life women living in the islands of this study. The connection between ageing and island place is influenced by a range of socio-economic factors, the primary one of which is the natural environment. Other influencing factors include social relationships, employment, health, and demographic status. Perspectives on ageing vary between those native and non-native to the islands; those who live with partners or alone; those who have children and those child-free; and between those who enjoy socio-economic stability and those who do not.

 Despite remote location, and limitations of employment, education, health and transport, participant data reveals an overall positive relationship between remote rural island living and ageing among this study's indigenous and in-migrant women. The physical, mental and spiritual benefits derived from the natural landscape of island home place proved primarily to be the greatest positive influence reported towards perceived better ageing.


The invention provides a preparation method of a purified coronary disease particle. 456 g of red sage root, 228 g of radix paeoniae rubrathe, 228 g of ligusticum wallichii, 228 g of safflower and 152 g of lignum dalbergiae odoriferae are used as bulk pharmaceutical chemicals. The purified coronary disease particle is prepared by supercritical extraction, thus improving the content and reducing the medicine taking amount. The invention also provides an application of the purified coronary disease particle in preparation of medicines inhibiting proliferation of rhabdomyosarcoma A-204 cells.


The research work on endophytic fungi from forest and their secondary metabolites has an extraordinary impact on fungal ecology and economy.More reports have been made both abroad and at home.The paper reviews the recent research progress on forest endophytic diversity,ecological impact and application of secondary metabolites.The endophytic fungi have a great prospect in serving the areas of agriculture and medicine.


1. David Shambaugh, Modernizing China's Military: Progress, Problems, Prospects (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002). 2. See, for example, James C. Mulvenon and Andrew N. D. Yang, eds., The People's Liberation Army as Organization: Reference Volume v1.0 (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002); Roy Kamphausen and Andrew Scobell, eds., Right-sizing the People's Liberation Army: Exploring the Contours of China's Military (Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute, September 2007); and Mark A. Ryan, David M. Finkelstein, and Michael A. McDevitt, eds., Chinese Warfighting: The PLA Experience Since 1949 (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2003). 3. Cheng Hsiao-shih, Party–Military Relations in the PRC and Taiwan: The Paradoxes of Control (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1990). 4. Andrew Scobell, "China's Evolving Civil–Military Relations: Creeping Guojiahua," Armed Forces & Society 31, no. 2 (Winter 2005): 228-9. 5. Eliot Freidson. Professionalism: The Third Logic (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001).


For your convenience the contents are listed here in order of low to high pressure. Europhysics Sectional Conference on Atomic and Molecular Physics of Ionized Gases, Poprad, High Tatras, Slovak Republic, 27--30 August 1996 Accurate calculations of cross sections and rate coefficients of some atom--diatom reactions relevant to plasma chemistry (270-279) A Laganà, S Crocchianti, G Ochoa de Aspuru, A Riganelli and E Garcíi a Heating effects and gas-dynamic expansion of the plasma plume produced by irradiating a solid with laser pulses (260-269) A Giardini Guidoni, R Kelly, A Mele and A Miotello Transport of chemically active species in plasma reactors for etching (280-297) V Martisovits and M Zahoran Identification of mechanisms for decomposition of air pollutants by non-thermal plasma processing (251-259) B M Penetrante, M C Hsiao, J N Bardsley, B T Merritt, G E Vogtlin, A Kuthi, C P Burkhart and J R Bayless PAPERS Influence of the applied field frequency on the characteristics of Ar and SF6 diffusion plasmas sustained at electron cyclotron resonance above multipolar magnetic field structures (386-393) T Lagarde, Y Arnal and J Pelletier Calculation of electromagnetic fields and resonance conditions in a cylindrical ECWR discharge (415-426) R Krimke and H M Urbassek Generation and extinction characteristics of negative ions in pulse-time-modulated electron cyclotron resonance chlorine plasma (398-404) T Mieno and S Samukawa Plane-polarized helicon waves (394-397) F F Chen Modelling plasma discharges at high electronegativity (437-449) A J Lichtenberg, I G Kouznetsov, Y T Lee, M A Lieberman, I D Kaganovich and L D Tsendin Spatial analysis of C2 band emission from laser produced plasma (317-322) S S Harilal, R C Issac, C V Bindhu, V P N Nampoori and C P G Vallabhan Surface modification and etch product detection during reactive ion etching of InP in CH4H2 plasma (334-342) Y Feurprier, Ch Cardinaud and G Turban Laser-induced fluorescence detection of SiF2 as a primary product of Si and SiO2 reactive ion etching with CF4 gas (349-360) G Cunge, P Chabert and J-P Booth Phenomenology of a dual-mode microwave/RF discharge used for the deposition of silicon oxide thin layers (323-333) R Etemadi, C Godet and J Perrin The electric field in an inductively coupled, low-power-density discharge with cylindrical coils (435-436) P N Barnes Mode identification of surface waves excited in a planar microwave discharge (427-434) M Nagatsu, G Xu, I Ghanashev, M Kanoh and H Sugai Electron and heavy particle kinetics in a low-pressure nitrogen glow discharge (361-372) V Guerra and J Loureiro Self-consistent electron and heavy-particle kinetics in a low-pressure N2 - O2 glow discharge (373-385) V Guerra and J Loureiro Growth, trapping and abatement of dielectric particles in PECVD systems (405-414) S Raoux, D Cheung, M Fodor, W N Taylor and K Fairbairn Evaporation of copper powders in an inductively coupled thermal rf plasma - numerical modelling and spectroscopic measurements (450-459) P Buchner, H Ferfers, H Schubert and J Uhlenbusch Electron lithography using a compact plasma focus (343-348) P Lee, X Feng, G X Zhang, M H Liu and S Lee A contribution to the understanding of the plasma ignition mechanism above a metal target under UV laser irradiation (298-306) A L Thomann, C Boulmer-Leborgne and B Dubreuil Classical absorption and emission spectroscopy of barrier discharges in N2/NO and O2/NOx mixtures (307-316) I P Vinogradov and K Wiesemann


Examining the growth, incentives, and progress of overseas campuses of major American educational institutions is an important academic pursuit. To have a complete picture, one must also consider the impact these branch campuses are having on the lives of their students. The Northwestern University in Qatar's journalism program was invited to teach its curriculum, unalloyed, in a region that has had an alternative perception of the role of journalism in society. This essay offers personalized and informed reflection on these issues. Answers to the questions raised about overseas education become clearer when looking at the "classroom" and the associated symbolism.


English is one of the most powerful language in the world.Learning about the developing process of English vocabulary will be of some help to English learners.


The paper describes an overview of the specific features and differences in the process of training in the humanities by distance learning.


BACKGROUND: The impact of lowering the platelet (PLT) count threshold for prophylactic PLT transfusion on bleeding and PLT use in allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant recipients is a matter of debate.


Based on the reciprocity principle of radiation transfer, a bidirectionally statistical Monte Carlo method (BSMC method) was presented. In the method, the weight-equivalent sampling at uniform temperature is employed to allow the bidirectionally statistical calculation based on the reciprocity of ray tracing, and the calculating information obtained during the ray tracing can be adequately utilized. The radiative transfer in a two dimensional rectangular domain of absorbing medium was taken as an example, an introduction to the BSMC method was presented and the statistical error was analyzed. By numerical simulation, the results of radiative transfer factor and radiative equilibrium temperature predicted by the BSMC method were compared with those obtained by the TMC method. The analysis shows that, under the same calculating expense and compared with the TMC method, more accurate results can be obtained by the BSMC method.


Aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) is a severe variant of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) 1 which is observed in very preterm low birth weight babies exposed to poor neonatal care with unregulated oxygen and systemic risk factors. Clinically, APROP confuses beginners and experts alike, and a high index of suspicion is necessary if APROP has to be detected and treated in time to prevent poor outcomes. vascular-avascular 2


Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science
in Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance


All paradoxes concerning faster-than-light signal propagation reported in recent experiments can be dispelled by using imaginary time in a quantum framework. I present a proposal of testing imaginary time in a total reflection.


There are three variations of the fermentation process. In batch fermentation, a sterilized nutrient solution in the fermentor is inoculated with micro-organisms and incubation is allowed to proceed. During the course of the fermentation, oxygen is added (as in the case of aerobic microorganisms) and an acid or base to control the pH. The composition of the culture medium, the biomass concentration and the metabolite concentration generally change constantly as a result of cell activity. An enhancement of the closed batch process is the fed-batch fermentation, where substrate is added in increments as the fermentation progresses. In continuous fermentation, an open system is set up and sterile nutrient solution is added to the bioreactor continuously. An equivalent amount of converted nutrient solution with microorganisms is simultaneously harvested off the system.


In the management of learning in preparing the final assignment has become an obligation in each university. So, the existence of a final assignment supervisor is very important to help students complete their final assignments. Without the final assignment supervisor can lead to unclear and a directed research in accordance with the provisions of learning management, in this study discusses the role of lecturers in conducting final assignments in both thesis and thesis, lecturers as facilitators start the final assignment, lecturers as final project supervisors, lecturers as a final assignment exam preparation supervisor, stress in preparing the final assignment, communication of students with supervisors, choosing supervisors, consulting techniques with counselors, obstacles during the guidance of the preparation of the final assignment report. With the hope of this research students can choose a mentor where they must master the fields that are in accordance with your final assignment and with the provisions of learning management in Higher Education, and choose a mentor who has enough time to guide you, and a cooperative and communicative guide.


biguities, and difficulties in Niebuhr's position against pacifism. According to Childress, Niebuhr attacked primarily two types of pacifism: "absolute religious pacifism," which requires nonresistance, and "pragmatic pacifism," which supports nonviolent resistance. Niebuhr opposed absolute pacifism because it is dictated by the Christian ideal of love, an ideal that is unachievable in history and hence one that cannot be used in dealing with questions of social policy as long as man remains a sinner. As a result, nonresistance becomes an act of irresponsibility in ignoring the political world of justice on which we all depend. Niebuhr criticized pragmatic pacifism particularly for its pragmatic claim that nonviolent resistance is effective, a claim unsupported by the facts of human history. Against Niebuhr's view that rejects any "intrinsic" difference between violence and nonviolence, Childress presents a persuasive case that there is an intrinsic difference between them; moreover, he discovers that Niebuhr did not, and could not, consistently deny their intrinsic difference.


Methylation of soybean oil catalyzed by whole-cell biocatalyst was studied. The results showed that water is the suitable solvent and whole-cell biocatalyst has stable catalytic activity using soybean oil containing 5%-20% water. The yield of methyl esters could reach 94% under the following conditions: methanol added in batches (12h for one batch), amount of whole-cell biocatalyst 4%, and molar ratio of methanol to soybean oil 5∶1, optimum yield of methyl esters reached 94%. The whole-cell biocatalyst showed a good catalytic capability for repeated use, and the yield of methyl esters could still maintain 82% after it was used for 4 times.


Abstract The advantages of glycosyl donors bearing a 2,6-lactone moiety in 1,2-cis-β-glycosylation reactions are discussed in the context of recent comprehension on the SN2–SN1 borderline. The 2,6-lactone structure increases the likelihood of the SN2-like reaction, analogous to 4,6-tethered structures or 2-O-electron-deficient substituents, which are known to mound the energetic barrier to SN1 reactions. Furthermore, the glycosyl cation generated from the 2,6-lactone donor seems to direct β-glycosides similar to the torsional and flipped cations generated from 4,6-tethered donors and mannuronate or 3,6-lactone donors, respectively. Overall, 2,6-lactones are suitable for use in 1,2-cis-β-glycosylations, and this novel class of donors is expected to help deepen our global understanding of glycosylation reactions. 1 Introduction 2 Stereoinversion (SN2-Like) Reactions 3 Conformational Control of Glycosyl Cations 4 Conclusions


PURPOSE: Provided is a therapeutic composition for obesity/hyperlipemia containing indigestive starch as an active ingredient. Therefore, the composition is applied to the health food supplement or the pharmaceutical composition as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION: A therapeutic composition for obesity/hyperlipemia is characterized by containing, as an active ingredient, indigestive starch from corn, rice and wheat. The indigestive starch is separated by the steps of: gelatinizing starch of which moisture content to 70-80 wt.%, at 110-120 deg.C; cooling the gelatinized starch to 0-4 deg.C; and repeating the above steps at least one time.


In India 9% of children with thalassemia major who have received many blood transfusions at Charak Palika Hospital in New Delhi have HIV-1 infection. They have experienced immunological suppression. It is presumed that transfusion of HIV-1 infected units of blood from paid blood donors is the source of HIV-1 infection for these children. HIV-2 infection has been documented in blood donors from New Delhi. In March 1994 health workers at the thalassemia clinic of the hospital took blood samples from 120 children to screen for HIV-2 infection. None of the children were confirmed positive for HIV-2 infection. Yet two samples exhibited slight reactivity for HIV-2 by Immunocomb Bispot kit only. This kit used envelope antigens synthetic in nature as opposed to the recombinant envelope antigens used in the Rapid HIV-1 HIV-2 AB test. This suggests that the characteristics of the synthetic antigen is key to maintaining specificity. Other health workers have also found false positive reactions for HIV-2 in commercial test kits using synthetic antigens.


The COVID-19 pandemic that began in the last quarter of 2019 seriously impacted the transportation industry. Countries around the world adopted various restrictions and policies to prevent the spread of the pandemic, which resulted in a sharp drop in the demand for transportation of goods. In order to analyze the impact of the pandemic on China's current transportation sector and envision measures that may be taken while recovering from the impact of COVID-19, the current impacts and policy measures were analyzed. This research utilizes data derived from passenger counts, analysis of mobile phone data, discusses what long-term effects may alter future transportation behavior, and how transportation operators should respond to this problem. The government preparedness, recovery measures during/after pandemic, and their effects are analyzed. Results suggested that information transparency, traceability of infection source and hierarchical prevention system is essential for epidemic prevention and control. Moreover, changes in lifestyles and business operation styles due to the pandemic are also outlined and discussed. Finally, this article summarized the influence of COVID-19 to transportation system as well as the lifestyles and the whole society in the long-term, and stated that future research could delve more deeply into this area. The research findings provided solid policy implications and experiences for constructing sustainable transportation system and improve flexibility, reliability, and resilience of traffic governance in post-pandemic era.


In this final article of our three-part series, we describe some approaches that can be used in meeting the challenges posed by the sharing of confidential data.1 First, we provide an overview of two basic methods of protecting the confidentiality of data. Next, we look specifically at data sharing agreements. The last section summarizes issues to be considered by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and research administrators, who would not be expected to master these methods, but should be aware of them.


The absence of good agricultural and manufacturing practices in the production and postharvest handling of fresh produce, such as green asparagus or green onions increase the contamination risk by biological hazards like Salmonella. The objective of this work was to investigate the efficacy of chlorine (200 and 250 ppm), hydrogen peroxide (1.5% and 2%), and lactic acid (1.5% and 2%) sanitisers during different exposure times (40, 60, and 90 s) on the reduction of Salmonella enterica subspecie enterica serovar Typhimurium in inoculated fresh green asparagus and green onions. Washing with clean water only reduced < 1 log 10 CFU/g in both vegetables. The most effective sanitiser evaluated for fresh green asparagus and green onions disinfection appeared to be 2% lactic acid reducing Salmonella growth close to 3 log 10 CFU/g. Hydrogen peroxide was the least effective agent for Salmonella Typhimurium reduction. No effect was observed of the exposure time of inoculated product to sanitiser up to 90 seconds. These results confirm that lactic acid could be used as an alternative for fresh green asparagus and green onions sanitation.


The rhythmically active transverse slice containing the preBötzinger complex (preBötC; Smith et al. 1991) has led to a wealth of detailed cellular and systems level insights into respiratory rhythm generation. However, the preBötC is only one of several interacting respiratory networks that extend along the entire ventral medulla. Prior to this report, the only in vitro slice approach capable of preserving a larger portion of the ventral respiratory column (VRC) is the so called semi‐sagittal slice (Paton et al. 1994). This preparation, however, isolates only one side of a normally tightly coupled, bilaterally organized network. Here we report a novel horizontal slice preparation (P6–10 CD1 neonatal mice) that: (1) retains the entire extent of the medullary VRC; (2) preserves inspiratory rhythmogenesis from the preBötC throughout the rostral‐caudal axis; and (3) maintains bilateral connectivity within the VRC. Ongoing experiments characterize the discharge patterns of respiratory neurons along the in vitro VRC while examining the effects of gas exchange and neuromodulation on rhythmogenesis. Differences between the characteristics of the horizontal and the more conventional transverse preBötC slice provide important functional insights into the interactions between the preBötC and other neuronal networks distributed throughout the VRC. Supported by funding from the NIH.


Abstract : ;Contents: The experimental study of temperature dependences of the density of potassium, rubidium, and cesium; The experimental study of caloric properties of binary systems containing cesium; The experimental investigation of the solubility of cesium in lithium in a molten state; The solubility of gases in an eutectic alloy of sodium and potassium; The solubility of oxygen in cesium; The solubility of hydrogen in melts of sodium and the eutectic alloy sodium-potassium; On the question concerning the connection of thermodynamic properties and viscosity of liquid alloys; The mutal influence of gaseous and metallic admixtures on the electrical resistance of molten lithium; The influence of a small addition of sodium on the electrical resistance of lithium; Investigation of the surface tension of molten metals and freons in an atmosphere of internal saturated vapors by the new combined method; The kinetic properties of gaseous, liquid, and solid mercury; The thermophysical properties of liquid mercury.


ABSTRACT We characterized five Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C isolates from a Chicago outbreak of meningococcal disease that occurred in 2003 among a community of men who have sex with men. Isolates from this outbreak were identical to each other but distinct from the clone that caused a similar outbreak in Canada in 2001.


nloaded ike the growth factor dependence of normal cells, cancer cells can maintain growth factor–independent sis and survival through expression of oncogenic kinases, such as BCR-Abl. Although targeted kinase ion can promote cancer cell death, therapeutic resistance develops frequently, and further mechanistic standing is needed. Cell metabolism may be central to this cell death pathway, as we have shown that factor deprivation leads to decreased glycolysis that promotes apoptosis via p53 activation and inducf the proapoptotic protein Puma. Here, we extend these findings to show that elevated glucose metabcharacteristic of cancer cells, can suppress protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ)–dependent p53 activation to ain cell survival after growth factor withdrawal. In contrast, DNA damage–induced p53 activation KCδ independent and was not metabolically sensitive. Both stresses required p53 Ser phosphorylation ximal activity but led to unique patterns of p53 target gene expression, showing distinct activation and se pathways for p53 that were differentially regulated by metabolism. Consistent with oncogenic s acting to replace growth factors, treatment of BCR-Abl–expressing cells with the kinase inhibitor imled to reduced metabolism and p53and Puma-dependent cell death. Accordingly, maintenance of gluptake inhibited p53 activation and promoted imatinib resistance. Furthermore, inhibition of glycolysis ced imatinib sensitivity in BCR-Abl–expressing cells with wild-type p53 but had little effect on p53-null hese data show that distinct pathways regulate p53 after DNA damage and metabolic stress and that cells. T inhibiting glucose metabolism may enhance the efficacy of and overcome resistance to targeted molecular cancer therapies. Cancer Res; 70(20); 8066–76. ©2010 AACR.


Pre-trained models have been successful in many protein engineering tasks. Most notably, sequence-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on protein fitness prediction while structure-based models have been used experimentally to develop proteins with enhanced functions. However, there is a research gap in comparing structure- and sequence-based methods for predicting protein variants that are better than the wildtype protein. This paper aims to address this gap by conducting a comparative study between the abilities of equivariant graph neural networks (EGNNs) and sequence-based approaches to identify promising amino-acid mutations. The results show that our proposed structural approach achieves a competitive performance to sequence-based methods while being trained on significantly fewer molecules. Additionally, we find that combining assay labelled data with structure pre-trained models yields similar trends as with sequence pre-trained models. Our code and trained models can be found at: https://github.com/semiluna/partIII-amino-acid-prediction.


Airborne contamination has been shown to be a significant source of wound contamination in orthopaedic surgery. This is the first reported study looking at the efficacy of ActivTek 300, a portable UV/TiO2-based air purifier unit to reduce airborne contamination in a clinical setting. In this randomised study the investigator was blinded as to whether the unit had been on or off for the previous seven days. Air contamination was measured weekly using a validated technique in ward treatment rooms using a Mini Air Sampler (MAS-100) and agar plates, over a period of 12 weeks. The agar plates were then incubated for 24 hours and the results were expressed as number of colony forming units per plate (cfu). The biomedical scientist who manually counted the number of cfus was blinded as to whether the unit was on or off. Measurements were duplicated to improve the accuracy of the study, and in addition to this an identical experiment was set up in a second treatment room on a separate randomisation schedule. Analysis of the data demonstrated median colony count was significantly lower with the unit on (Median = 43 interquartile range (IQR) 30 to 83) than when it was off (median = 95 IQR 44 to 143) (p < 0.01). This represents a 55% mean reduction in the colony count. This study suggests that the portable UV/TiO2-based air purifier unit is efficacious in reducing airborne contamination in the clinical environment and may have a promising role in reducing overall infection rates in surgical patients.


Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria improves the plant growth through several mechanisms. Several agricultural countries have now adopted this technology of using PGPR(s) as biofertilizer formulations. Certain essential nutrients such as phosphate, potassium, nitrogen etc., are required by the plant through natural systems such as by solubilization or fixation methods for improved growth and yield of plant. In our experiment two formulations of Bio-fertilizers namely PhosBac and NitroBac were used on Cotton plant along with 1/4th dose of DAP which is used as substrate for the phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. circulance) along with Azotobacter sp as nitrogen fixing PGPR applied through integrated plant nutrient on 3 keys stages of plant growth (at time of sowing, on flowering stage and fruiting stage)

Significant improvements in growth and yield of cotton plant were observed, which were equivalent to the chemical fertilizer "Cotton Grow" These results are ray of hope for gradually replacing chemical inorganic fertilizers with biofertilizer formulations which will result in rescuing the deteriorating agricultural land of Pakistan.


Methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate react with ortho-methoxycarbonyl arenediazonium bromides in the presence of CuBr to form methyl 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin-3-carboxylates. Corresponding acids and acyl chlorides were obtained from these methyl 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin-3- carboxylates. Reaction of acylchlorides with 5-R-benzyl-2-aminothiazoles leads to the N-[5-R- benzyl-1,3-thiazole-2-yl]-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin-3-carboxamides. Key words: isocoumarins, 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins, arylation, Meerwein reaction, 5-R- benzyl-2-aminothiazoles.


Christopher A. Ford has written an excellent paper, ''Debating Disarmament'' (14.3, November 2007, pp. 401 428), on Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Many of his arguments are well taken and sound, if Article VI is analyzed like a provision in a contract or indeed an ordinary article in a treaty. The language of Article VI, preambular in nature, was primarily aimed at ending the nuclear arms race, which was accomplished by the time of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) in 1991. However, I would submit that Article VI should be viewed largely through the prism of political analysis as part of the NPT's central bargain of nonproliferation in exchange for nuclear disarmament (and peaceful nuclear cooperation referred to in Article IV). Thus, if Article VI is viewed in strictly legal terms, the overall conclusions of Ford's paper are supportable. If, on the other hand, one regards the NPT as resting on a political bargain with Article VI its symbol, one comes to a different conclusion. (I recently presented a paper at Stanford's October 2007 conference on the NPT, and this letter is based partly on that work.) Beginning in 1965, three years before signature of the NPT, a number of the potential non-nuclear weapon states party to the NPT asserted that among other general principles, a future treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons should be based on the principles that: ''the Treaty should embody an acceptable balance of mutual responsibilities and obligations of the nuclear and non-nuclear powers,'' and ''the Treaty should be a step towards the achievement of general and complete disarmament and, more particularly, nuclear disarmament.'' These principles were contained in a resolution that called for the negotiation of an international treaty to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and passed the UN General Assembly at its twentieth session in 1965. The eight non-aligned members of the EighteenNation Disarmament Committee in Geneva (ENDC, now the Conference on Disarmament), where the treaty was being negotiated, had weeks earlier placed on ENDC's record their view that ''measures to prohibit the spread of nuclear weapons should . . . be coupled with or followed by tangible steps to halt the nuclear arms race and to limit, reduce and eliminate the stocks of nuclear weapons and the means of their delivery.'' The language ''coupled with or followed by'' was intended to strike a balance between states such as India and Sweden that were advocating that the ''tangible steps'' should be contained in or accompany the treaty and states that were willing to accept a commitment that such steps would come later. Also, in 1965 India and Sweden proposed a ''package'' solution that set forth what these ''tangible steps'' were considered by many to be: security assurances, a freeze on production of nuclear weapons, a comprehensive nuclear test ban, and a cutoff of all production of fissionable materials for military purposes. These issues remain central to the success of the NPT regime to this day. Nuclear disarmament and ending the nuclear arms race were the main goals, and this is reflected in the Preamble to the NPT in


We answer an open question posed by the second author at the Salzburg workshop on Dependence Models and Copulas in 2016 concerning the size of the family $\mathcal{A}^\rho_v$ ($\mathcal{A}^\tau_v$) of all Pickands dependence functions $A$ whose corresponding Extreme-Value-Copulas have Spearman $\rho$ (Kendall $\tau$) equal to some arbitrary, fixed value $v \in [0,1]$. After determining compact sets $\Omega^\rho_v, \Omega^\tau_v \subseteq [0,1] \times [\frac{1}{2},1]$ containing the graphs of all Pickands dependence functions from the classes $\mathcal{A}^\rho_v$ and $\mathcal{A}^\tau_v$ respectively, we then show that both sets are best possible.


This is a survey over recent asymptotic results on random polytopes in d-dimensional Euclidean space. Three ways of generating a random polytope are considered: convex hulls of finitely many random points, projections of a fixed highdimensional polytope into a random d-dimensional subspace, intersections of random closed halfspaces. The type of problems for which asymptotic results are described is different in each case.


The purpose of this paper is to expound the reasons for systematic growth of the money laundering crime, as well as its variations and chosen aspects of the attempt stadial form. Regardless of legal culture perspective, the complex of features required as an element of analyzed offence is, as a rule, comparable or at least similar. Hitherto a numerous of normative regulations at national and supranational level has been presented and implemented. Thoughtful, consistent and intransigent legal strategy of anti-money laundering in different countries (e.g. in the Republic of India or in the People's Republic of Bangladesh) resulted in a noticeable reduction of the scope of the described practice. Of all the twelve analyzed countries, in the author's assessment, the best anti-money laundering legal solutions characterized the Kingdom of Norway. Partially, beyond the outstanding substantive law, this favorable position was achieved thanks to mixed character of Norway's legal culture. In addition, the complex of features of analyzed offence is not too narrow or too wide. In the Norwegian penal code there is no question of superfluous casuistry. On the other side, author contrasted anti-money laundering legislation of the Russian Federation and of the Ukraine. The Russian and Ukrainian legislation in subject of criminal law is erratic, the complex of features required as an element of analyzed offence is too wide and what more, a numerous groups of entities are excluded from the action of specified provisions of positive law. Thus, the Russian Federation is gradually becoming a central entity of European money laundering issue.


The major issue of researchers in ANN field is the optimization of the training process including time cost and NN structure. In response to the long training time, Multi-Agent architecture of feed forward Flexible Neural Tree model (MAFNT) is introduced for parallelizing the NN training. Moreover, looking for the best topology of NN, for a given problem, accounts for the large feasible solutions provided. Agents manage different NN structures simultaneously for optimization using Evolutionary Computation algorithms. However, different agents need communications to produce cooperative work and to reach the near-optimum solution. For that, a negotiation process is designed for the multi-agent system. It distributes tasks and organizes the message traffic between agents. They followed negotiation strategy to ensure interactions between themselves, overcoming the difference of NN structures. This model was evaluated through real problem classification datasets. Compared to some existing classifiers, MAFNT shows better performance respecting NN structure complexity and classification rate.


In this paper we have given the review of domestic as well as foreign experiences connected to increasing of the protein amount and aerobic stability of corn silage. Today corn silage is the base of intensive and economic cattle breeding, and nowadays the usage of corn silage has increased in diet of sheep and goats as well. However, corn silage is above all the carbohydrate meal with low protein count, it has low aerobic stability and very often losses are great due to secondary fermentation. In order to increase nitrogen maters (raw proteins) urea is being added (0.5C1.0%). With the same purpose corn is being grown as a joint crop along with soybean or horse bean or these annual legumes are being added while filling the silos. Solution for small aerobic stability of corn silage is in using hetero fermentative bacterial inoculants. These bacteria synthesize, besides milk acid, volatile acetic acid which is an excellent fungicide and stops the development of microorganisms.


The literature on technology spillovers, from international trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to the Visegrad four, brings forward mixed results and leads to contradictory conclusions. This study investigates the effect of international business activity on Visegrad's group labour productivity levels under the lens of European Union (EU) integration process. The findings regarding the influence of FDI and Research and Development (R&D) expenditure on labour productivity are mixed. A neglected relationship is highlighted, however, as approximately 1/3 to 1/2 of the increase in merchandise imports for the Visegrad group is transformed into labour productivity, enhancing it further towards the EU average.


The level of fuels' consumption as an energy source in the world is currently experiencing huge increase. When the use of the oil as fuels is not managed properly, it can be sure that the oil will run out and triggered the world's energy crisis. Currently, plastik waste become a serious problem that can lead into the environment contamination if not properly managed. One of the solution to overcome the energy crisis and environmental polution is to find and create a renewable energy such as biofuel. The research was conducted in order to know the effect of combustion temperature on pyrolisis process based on the Low Density Polythylene (LPDE) plastic material to produce biofuel. The eraly stages of the research was start with pyrolisis process of the LDPE plastic which comes from the bottle and glass logo waste with the reactor temperature of 250 oC and 300 oC. The weight of each material was 2 kg. After getting the crude oil, the researcher examined the crude oil characteristic from pyrolisis process using viscosity test, density test, caloric value test, and flash point test. From the test results, the test results that the gigher the temperature in the pyrolisis reactor, the production of the biofuel oil from pyrolisis were more and have a better quality. The result of the experiment pointed out that the higher the pirolysis reactor temperature , the greater the yield and the better quality. The pyrolisis result was crude oil with each of the weight was 240 ml on the 250 oC reactor temperature and 260 ml on the 300 oC reactor temperature. The viscosity test showed the results 3.128 mm²/s on the 250 oC reactor temperature and 2.698 mm²/s on the 300 oC reactor temperature. The density on the 250 oC reactor temperature was 0.9984 and 0.9085 on the 300 oC reactor temperature. The caloric value test on the 250 oC reactor temperature showed the results 9084.101 kal/g on the first test and 8765.253 kal/g on the second test. Whereas the caloric value test on the 300 oC reactor temperature were 9588.312 kal/g on the first test and 9507.779 on the second test. The results of the crude oil flash point test on 250 oC and 300 oC showed the same temperature result at 28.5 oC. From the characteristic test results it can be concluded that the crude oil from the pyrolisis process has approaching the kerosene characteristic and entered into the fuel category.


In order to understand community composition and species diversity in different island habitats on karst mountain in central Guizhou,a quadrat survey of a space series method for a time course method was conducted in different island habitats.Community species composition and diversity were analysed.Results indicated that heliophilous plant was gradually replaced by shade-tolerance plant in vegetation with gradual increase of community height and successional process of karst mountain.There were different dominant species of woody plants in every stage.Species richness of herb layer in shrub-grassland is the largest,then it gradually reduced;species richness of shrub layer in shrub was the largest.Simpson's diversity index and Shannon-Wiener index of herb layer gradually decreased.Evenness index of herb layer in shrub is the largest.Simpson's diversity index,Shannon-Wiener index of shrub layer in shrub-grassland is the lowest and the next was arbor forest.The highest was in shrub.Evenness index is the largest in shrub-grassland.Ecological dominance of shrub layer was the largest in arbor forest.Ecological dominance of arbor layer was three times as much as shrub layer in arbor forest.


[Objective] The aim was to study effect of artificial rejuvenating on Calligonum arborescens leaf growth.[Method] Photosynthetic shoot surface area and its biomass of thinned and cut Calligonum arborescens were comparatively analyzed.[Result] Obvious differences of surface area and its biomass among Calligonum arborescens with different ages represented(P0.01)existed,photosynthetic shoots for the bigger ages trees had higher growth activities;In thinned Calligonum arborescens forest,sprouting capacity for photosynthetic shoots of remaining Calligonum arborescens trees enhanced notably,especially for secondary cutting;Cutting measure remarkably mitigated Calligonum arborescens forest senescence,and cutting by 2 m×1 m had the higher photosynthetic shoot surface area and its biomass.[Conclusion] Artificial rejuvenation had anti-aging effect on Calligonum arborescens forest declining,even promote their growth activities.


Abstract : This paper considers fault detection, isolation and reconfiguration (FDIR) for the localization sensors, including the dead reckoning and external sensors, of an autonomous ground vehicle (AGV) designed for use in highly unstructured outdoor environments. Ten sensors are considered in this research. None of these sensors are identical, but subsets of them do have the ability to measure or calculate (based on simple algebra) the same kinematical parameters. To improve the localization accuracy, selected sensor outputs are fused using Kalman filters. The fused data and selected sensor measurements are then combined into a set of linearly independent parity equations, which leads to the generation of a bank of residuals. A fault in any one of the ten sensors causes a unique subset of these residuals to grow, which allows the fault to be detected and isolated. This allows a control scheme based on these sensors to reconfigure itself so that only the non-faulty sensors are used for localization. The effectiveness of this FDIR scheme is demonstrated in the context of a recently developed algorithm for maneuvering an AGV in cluttered environments.


The device allowing the use of a programmable component (105) in a radiation environment comprises: - means (130) for error detection in said programmable component due to radiation, - means (130, 135, 120) of at least one outlet of said locking component during detection of an error and- means (130, 140) for correcting said erreur.Dans embodiments, the error detecting means uses at least two data storages and / or carries out a redundant data check and the locking means comprises a holding means, buffering, data generated by the component and / or by components interfaced between the component and the buffer.


The article deals with aspects of the rational and safe relief of fever in children, especially in the provision of emergency care.


ABSTRACT Background Malnutrition has a detrimental effect on wound healing; hence, it might influence the outcome in people with a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The aim of this manuscript is to overview studies that describe the prevalence of malnutrition in DFU patients and assess the relation between malnutrition, DFU severity, and outcome. Methods A literature review was performed. Malnutrition had to be defined by anthropometry and/or validated screening and assessment tools. Results Five papers were included: one RCT, three prospective cohort studies and one retrospective observational study. A substantial number of patients were at risk for malnutrition (49%–70%) or were malnourished (15%–62%). In one study, nutritional status was related to DFU severity. Three authors demonstrated a negative influence of malnutrition on outcome. Two studies examined the prevalence of malnutrition after six months, but did not detect a decline in malnutrition rates. Conclusions Despite a large heterogeneity, all papers indicated that malnutrition is highly prevalent among DFU patients. Notwithstanding the lack of unequivocal evidence, malnutrition might have a negative influence on DFU outcome. Therefore, clinicians should pay attention to the nutritional status of people with a DFU. Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index; DFU: Diabetic Foot Ulcer; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; GNRI: Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index; HbA1c: Glycated Hemoglobin; IWGDF: International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot; LEA: Lower Extremity Amputation; MNA: Mini Nutritional Assessment; MNA-SF: Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form; MUST: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool; NRS-2002: Nutritional Risk Screening-2002; PAD: Peripheral Arterial Disease; RCT: randomized controlled trial; SGA: Subjective Global Assessment


The subject of the article is a review and analysis of the current state of development of heavy trench excavators, improvement of designs of their working bodies and control systems. The aim of the work is to increase the productivity, reliability and energy efficiency of excavators. As methods for achieving the goal, element-by-element comparison of the technical characteristics of excavators, system engineering and 3D-modeling were used. The development of an automatic control system for the excavator, which minimizes energy costs for its operation and increases its reliability and productivity by reducing the influence of the human factor on them is a result of the work. A design of the three-row rotor is proposed, which provides more uniform digging of trenches than the known rotors.


Abstract : Measurements of the FM noise of CW X-band Gunn oscillators indicate that two noise sources must be considered in developing an oscillator noise model. One source is the thermal noise in the vicinity of the carrier frequency, which may be generated by hot electrons in the high field domain. The second source is low frequency flicker (1/f) noise current, which is thought to be generated by traps associated with impurity states. An expression for the FM noise deviation caused by a thermal noise source has been derived by Edson. This component of a Gunn diode's FM noise is white (i.e., constant with frequency from the carrier). The author has calculated the flicker noise sources' contribution by considering it as a small signal frequency modulation. The FM noise produced by this source falls roughly as 1/f with frequency from the carrier. Since the two sources are physically unrelated, their noise spectra are uncorrelated and will add as mean squares. This model agrees well with measured noise spectra. Once three parameters of the model are established for a particular device, its noise performance in any circuit may be calculated from data obtained by simple microwave measurements. Typically, FM noise is below 10 Hz in a 1 KHz bandwidth to within 2 KHz of the carrier, for circuit loaded Q's between 50 and 100. A high loaded Q (approximately 1000) circuit produced FM noise below .7 Hz in a 1 KHz bandwidth at 1 MHz from the carrier. (Author)


This study aims to determine the performance appraisal using the behaviorally anchor rating scale method in Pengandonan, Ulu Ogan District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (Case Study at PT. Barus Familly Jaya). Data analysis technique using behaviorally anchor rating scale method. Based on the results of research and processed data, it can be said that employee performance appraisal using the Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale method can be said from respondents who have been given questionnaires and performance appraisals that have been summed and summed through the employee performance appraisal process are currently effective, with the Behaviorally Anchor method. Rating Scale of employee work behavior can be seen in detail so as to provide an overview of employee performance over a certain period. Currently, employee performance appraisal using the Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale method can be carried out optimally so that a good employee performance appraisal can be carried out in the future.


gamut of situations of authors encountering their proximate others in order to problematize (and often redeem) the ethical implications such forms of fictional transgression might trigger. Both chapter 4 and the conclusion of the book end on a rather idealistic note, which is consistent with McGill 's passion for the topic. He urges authors to find a path of ''responsible indiscretion while engaging reciprocally with their intimate others'' and finds this space of uncertainty that fiction creates to be one of ''potentiality.'' The biographical disclosure with reference to the aims of the study – this is a book McGill wanted to ''read as a critic of novels and a writer of them; as someone who guards his privacy but has published fiction about private life'' – is strikingly similar to the numerous paratexts examined in chapter 2, but the aims are successfully accomplished. A stronger theoretical conceptualization would have benefited the current monograph (questions of ethics, intimacy, and desire are very briefly engaged with and mostly with glancing references to one critic or another); still, The Treacherous Imagination draws in a productive way on McGill's novelistic inclination to produce a well-structured examination of the multiple facets of fiction's autobiographical transgressions that is innovative, informing, and charming.


We present the guidance approach for the Small Solar Power Sail Demonstrator, IKAROS. This approach will be used for future solar sail missions. First, we show the range of orbital controllability, which is severely restricted by the attitude constraint from the power and communication. Second, we also present the adaptive guidance method, in which guidance parameters are updated based on the estimation of the spacecraft's parameters such as the area and reflectivity coefficient of the sail. Finally, we evaluate the guidance approach performance by comparing to flight data of IKAROS.


The power of design here today, gone tomorrow? designing for a safer future towards the spiritual in design sensing a dwelling the biotechnology of communities the lessons of vernacular architecture form follows fun is convenience the enemy? sharing not buying generations to come the best designers in the world making the future work.


The present invention relates to a display device (3) and using a wireless mobile device (1) having a video capturing unit, a method for accessing information, the remote server (6), said mobile device in a video call to receive video images captured by identifying, establishing a video call with the remote server, performs image recognition, at least one first object in said captured video (4) a step, wherein a step of generating a signal for transmission to the mobile device, the signal is directed to a method comprising the steps of: including information about the first object.


Technical texts are generally considered difficult to follow. The role of vocabulary and readability, related to LIX-figures and lexical density is discussed as possible reasons for difficulties in ...


Data integration in large enterprises is a crucial but at the same time costly, long lasting and challenging problem. While business-critical information is often already gathered in integrated information systems, such as ERP, CRM and SCM systems, the integration of these systems itself as well as the integration with the abundance of other information sources is still a major challenge. In the last decade, the prevalent data integration approaches were primarily based on XML, Web Services and Service Oriented Architectures (SOA). However, we become increasingly aware that these technologies are not sufficient to ultimately solve data integration challenges in large enterprises. In this article, we argue that classic SOA architectures may be well-suited for transaction processing, however more efficient technologies are available today that can be employed for enterprise data integration. In particular, the use of the Linked Data paradigm for integrating enterprise data appears to be a very promising approach. Similarly, as the data web emerged complementing the document web, data intranets can complement the intranets and SOA landscapes currently found in large enterprises. In this paper, we explore the challenges large enterprises are still facing with regard to data integration. These include, but are not limited to, the development, management and interlinking of enterprise taxonomies, domain databases, wikis and other enterprise information sources. We discuss Linked Data approaches in these areas and present some examples of successful applications of the Linked Data principles in that context.


This paper analyzed the morphology and reasons of pitting corrosion perforation of 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel cooling water pipes in a power plant and pointed out the measures to prevent the pitting corrosion under this condition. The results showed that: the reason of pitting corrosion of 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel cooling water pipes was the existence of multiple Cl-and easily fouling Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water, with the corrosion products mainly the oxides of Fe and Cr; the economic measures to prevent pitting corrosion were to increase the pH of water and decrease the content of Ca2+ and Mg2+.


Purpose – This chapter frames the horizon of inquiry intended by this conference on the Hispanic Presence in the Washington region. It presents social theory related to the formation of new types of community substance in immigrant receiving countries called ethnicities, especially in American metropolitan regions.

Findings – This synthesis of approaches to intergroup relations and account of changes in the collection of data regarding urban ethnicity frame a new research agenda.

Practical implications – This chapter proposes new horizons for regional studies and ethnicities. It addresses metropolitan governance, especially relationships among persons, groups, and cultures in regions that lack representation and institutions for political development. The web-based data sets and recommended readings provide sources that quantitatively and qualitatively deepen insight into the Hispanic presence in the country and in various metropolitan regions. Along with another forthcoming collection on the history, politics, and architecture of Washington, DC, this work catalyzes research to enable teaching and service related to the metropolitan region surrounding the federal district.

Social implications – This chapter includes models of action-oriented research that engage ethnic groups in coalition building and that test the viability of Hispanicity as a social-cultural development model.

Originality/value of chapter – This chapter blends social theory with community-based practices. It broaches substantive questions about appropriate scales of social analysis and ethnicity as interrelated dimensions of research and practice the government created data sets and places called metropolitan regions. It elaborates a new, fundamentally regional model that is unlike, but not opposed to, the country-wide focus of ethnic group advocacy and interest groups.


The aim of the study is to determine the features of civil regulation of biological materials and genetic data under the legislation of the Russian Federation. To achieve this aim, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, as well as scientific literature, were studied. The methodological basis of the study was general and specific scientific research methods. The formal legal and comparative legal methods were widely used to determine the turnover of biomaterials and associated genetic information, as well as the features of their legal regime. As a result of the study, it has been established that, from the standpoint of Russian civil legislation, biomaterials are free objects of civil law in circulation (with the exception of biomaterials used in the field of transplantation and for the purposes established by the Federal Law "On Biomedical Cell Products"). It has been inferred that this approach does not take into account the essential feature of biomaterials: they are sources (means of transmission) of genetic information of a personal nature. For this reason, they should be subject to legal regimes of privacy and personal data secrecy, and their use should be subject to the prior informed consent of their donors. The proposed legal regulation of public relations arising from biomaterials will not only allow restricting their circulation, but also protect the rights and legitimate interests of their donors. Genetic information extracted from biomaterials is proposed to be conditionally subdivided into two types: genetic information and genetic data. The legal significance of this classification lies in the fact that it will take into account the peculiarities of the legal regime of each of the selected type of genetic information, including their turnover capacity. Genetic information, since it contains personal information, should be subject to legal regimes of privacy and personal data. In this connection, any use of such information should be carried out only with the prior information consent of their donor. Due to its impersonal nature, genetic data do not fall under the legal regime of privacy and are not considered personal. Genetic data, by virtue of their intangible nature, are, like the results of intellectual activity and marketing designations, objects of civil law withdrawn from circulation; however, absolute property rights to them are transferable.


Quinacrine dihydrochloride fluorescence patterns permit the identification of every normal human metaphase chromosome. To determine the effectiveness of the quinacrine fluorescence method in detecting and delineating reciprocal translocation chromsomes, individuals with such abnormal chromosomes were studied. The fluorescence patterns provided a means for the rapid identification of translocation chromosomes, many of which were extremely difficult or impossible to detect and identify by previous methods. Six patients had different translocations: (1) t(2p−;11p + ), (2) t(3p−; 18q + ), (3) translocation in which the arms of a No. 2 and a No. 6 had interchanged, (4) t(5p−;14q + ), (5) one in which arms of a No. 11 and a No. 17 were interchanged, and (6) t(1q−;18p + ). Studies by methods which do not permit such exact identification of all the chromosomes are no longer adequate in clinical cytogenetics.


The nozzle plate proposed is characterized by a longitudinal passage for a fluid, in particular fuel, the passage comprising, in the direction of flow, a filter (42), an annular chamber (47) and a continuous annular gap (35). This design enables a cohesive, tulip-shaped lamellar jet (31) to be produced which thins out in the direction of flow and then disintegrates into very small droplets. As a result, the exhaust-gas emissions of an internal-combustion engine can be reduced, as well as the fuel consumption. The nozzle plate proposed is particularly suitable for use in the valves of fuel-injection systems in mixture-compression internal-combustion engines with externally applied ignition.


Biological wastewater treatment plants (the BTPs) of city of Odesa (Northern and Southern Plants) are the most powerful permanent sources of nutrient pollution of coastal waters of Odesa Region of the north-western part of the Black Sea (the NWPBS) and the Khadzhybei Liman. The article includes a comparative analysis of changes, taking place since the beginning of the 21st century, related to the qualitative composition of return water of the Northern and Southern BTPs and the amount of nutrients reaching the marine environment together with such water, as well as the analysis of possible influence of such changes on eutrophication of coastal waters of Odesa Region of the NWPBS and the Khadzhybei Liman. It was established that despite significant decrease (by 1.7 - 2 times) of return water discharged from the BTPs the amount of nitrates and nitrites reaching the marine environment together with such water increased by 4-6 times. At the same time the reduced inflow of organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and phosphates can be observed.
Treatment facilities of Odesa were put into operation back in the 1970s. They use a then typical technology of biological cleaning of wastewater from nutrient compounds in aeration tanks providing aerobic conditions. The technology is considered as incomplete in terms of nitrogen compounds treatment since its final product includes nitrate nitrogen in large quantities. When reaching the marine environment it is absorbed by algae at the stage of primary production of organic matter and thus is transformed in organic nitrogen again. It was noted that since the coastal waters of Odesa Region of the NWPBS and the Khadzhybei Lyman have a high level of trophicity and currently there is a disbalance between mineral nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the water towards insufficiency of mineral nitrogen reserves (as compared with the standard Redfield stoichiometric ratio), additional inflow of nitrates and nitrites in the marine environment together with return water from the BTPs would, in certain circumstances, lead to algal bloom and aggravation of negative eutrophication-related consequences.
The research allowed making a conclusion that a modern flow sheet of advanced biological cleaning (treatment) of wastewater from nitrogen compounds should be implemented at the Northern and Southern BTPs in order to reduce the inflow of nitrates in the marine environment. Such flow sheet should ensure both nitrification and denitrification processes.


This study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal effect of peppermint extract as mouth rinse during orthodontic treatment. Thirty patients (11 males and 19 females) who wear orthodontic appliances and instructed to use chlorhexidine as mouth rinse (8 patients); Mentha piperita extract (10 patients) or left to care of their teeth without any mouth rinse (12 patients); mean number of Candida albicans colonies recovered from anterior surface at three intervals (Time 0: Before wearing the appliance; time 1: After 7 days and time 2: After 1 month) was 48.8, 144.3, 158.9 for the control group; 132.9, 125.4, 147.9 for the peppermint group and 72, 105.8 and 130.8 for the chlorhexidine group. The mean number of Candida albicans colonies from the posterior surface at the different intervals was 87.4, 136.8, 159.5; 121.3, 84, 34.6 and 78.5, 91.25, 91 for control, peppermint and chlorhexidine groups respectively. The use of the peppermint extract decreases the number of Candida albicans significantly at the posterior surfaces.


With the Putonghua Chinese and Tonggan Translations of the same Russian Text,this paper compares the differences in grammar and words in the two translations.It finds representative signs and elements,describes some typical features of Tonggan Chinese,and proves the prioritization selection in the evolutionary process of this Chinese dialect.


A frequency reconfigurable ultra-wide band antenna with dual notch bands is proposed in this paper. PIN diodes are located on ultra-wide band monopole antenna and are investigated for frequency reconfigurable characteristic of the proposed antenna. Multi-bands and narrow bands have been achieved by different combinations. Proposed antenna is fabricated on FR-4 substrate of dimensions 37 x 40 x 0.8mm. For the successful combinations, antenna performance parameters like S11 characteristics, surface current distribution, peak gain, radiation efficiency and 2D radiation patterns are analyzed and illustrated in the paper. Peak gain of 4.83dB is obtained in operating band for D1, D2= 0, 1 combination. Radiation efficiency is not less than 70% in the entire operating bands. Results are analyzed experimentally for validating proposed antenna. Simulation based results and measured results are in


A revision would likely need to better incorporate the inherent limitation throughout the paper, emphasizing the GP-recorded diagnosis (with contrast to prior studies when relevant). It is well-established among studies of coding that various specific diagnostic codes are under-utilized. More direct comparisons might strengthen the paper, at least by framing the potential under-recording. For example, if a large group of specialist-diagnosed individuals were identified, what percentage of them are included in the GP database? Would a GP tend to record the diagnosis if it were already known via a specialist? Would a GP record an associated diagnosis instead of peanut allergy, for example "food allergy" or another code for allergy?


The copper (II) complex of 4-methoxyphenyl benzopyran has been synthesized using microwave irradiation and characterized by different tools such as IR, electronic spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, and ESR spectroscopy. The mode of metal binding shows that the copper binds with the ligand through the nitrogen atoms of the amino and cyanide groups. The copper complex (Cu L (AC)2.2H2O) has been used in the homogenous oxidation of polyphenol 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene in presence of H2O2 as a green oxidant to produce a first-order rate constant kcat = 3.45× 10 -3 s -1 and dissociation constant K' = 32.0 mM. The catalysis shows 1.4× 10 3 times rate enhancement in terms of the first-order rate constant compared to the uncatalyzed reaction under the same reaction conditions. The oxidation


Various 8-substituted 2,8-dihydro-2-thioxopteridin-4(3H)-ones (14–21) and 2-(methylthio)pteridin-4(8H)-ones (27–32) have been synthesized by condensation of the appropriate 5-amino-6-(substituted amino)-1,2-dihydro-2-thioxopyrimidin-4(3H)-ones (22–34) and 5-amino-6-(substituted amino)-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones (25, 26), respectively, with glyoxal, biacetyl, and benzil. The presence of a quinonoid cross-conjugated π-electron system makes this type of compounds susceptible to nucleophilic additions in position 7, which leads to intramolecular (43, 45) and intermolecular (44) covalent adducts. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, pKa determinations, 1H-NMR and UV spectra. UV-Spectral changes in dependence of the pH are associated with the most appropriate molecular species including the monocations, neutral forms, covalent adducts, mono- and dianions.