The paper by Mr. Palmer was of interest because of the public health implications to swimmers in waters where significant pollution episodes occur and potentially health affecting microorganisms are retained in the sediments for some time after the event has passed. He also recognized at the outset the difficulties of quantifying the effects of resuspended lake sediments on the bacterial contamination of bathing beaches. However, the conclusions which were reached in the paper did not completely address the public health implications of the reported data, and some of the statements regarding the health significance of bacterial indicators of pollution were potentially misleading. In addition, there was no descriptionof the bacterial sampling and analytical methods used to collect the data upon which the paper was principally based. Bacterial sampling methodology and enumeration are subject to many sources of random error and use of the correct protocol is very important to reduce the influence of these errors. Furthermore, the statistical approach used to analyze the data was not sensitive enough to extract all of the information which may have been in the raw data. Also, many of the underlying statistical assumptions were not recognized or accounted for in the analyses.


Quality of surveying instrument and equipment management decides the production efficiency of surveying and mapping unit, this paper discusses the design and realization of surveying instrument and equipment management system which based on VFP, in accordance with the feature of our team's surveying instrument and equipment and surveying produce, make use of simple and high efficiency relation database model of VFP, which builds our team's management system platform of surveying instrument and equipment. System has good function of data browse、inquiry and printout, this can laid the foundation of surveying instrument and equipment management digitalization and visualization for our team.


We propose an interferometric method to measure Z2 topological invariants of time-reversal invariant topological insulators realized with optical lattices in two and three dimensions. We suggest two schemes which both rely on a combination of Bloch oscillations with Ramsey interferometry and can be implemented using standard tools of atomic physics. In contrast to topological Zak phase and Chern number, defined for individual 1D and 2D Bloch bands, the formulation of the Z2 invariant involves at least two Bloch bands related by time- reversal symmetry which one has keep track of in measurements. In one of our schemes this can be achieved by the measurement of Wilson loops, which are non-Abelian generalizations of Zak phases. The winding of their eigenvalues is related to the Z2 invariant. We thereby demonstrate that Wilson loops are not just theoretical concepts but can be measured experimentally. For the second scheme we introduce a generalization of time-reversal polarization which is continuous throughout the Brillouin zone. We show that its winding over half the Brillouin zone yields the Z2 invariant. To measure this winding, our protocol only requires Bloch oscillations within a single band, supplemented by coherent transitions to a second band which can be realized by lattice-shaking.


The ability to reliably design, synthesize, and model porous inorganic materials from zeolites and other extended pure inorganic networks to systems comprised of complex inorganic coordination clusters and metal–organic coordination complexes has allowed a fundamental shift from discovery to design in this area of science. This is particularly true in the area of metal–organic materials (MOMs, e.g., metal– organic polyhedra, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), or coordination polymers) in which many materials have been synthesized and reported as potential platforms for applications in various fields, such as gas storage, ion exchange, catalysis, magnetism, separation, and nonlinear optical materials. To date, there are two principal ways to prepare porous materials: one is focused on the templating method, and the other is based on metal–organic frameworks constructed from molecular building blocks (MBBs). In the former approach, soft templates, such as triblock copolymers and surfactants, or hard templates, such as porous alumina and porous silica, play a crucial role in directing the formation of porous structure. The other approach, which uses metal– organic frameworks (MOFs) to construct porous materials, is also well documented and has been extraordinarily successful. The presence of structure-directing ligands in MOFs means that they are highly amenable to systematic design, both in terms of the structure formed and the tailoring of the properties, structures, and surfaces of the pores present in the material. For example, high-throughput methodologies have been applied successfully to develop a robust synthesis of a zeolitic imidazol framework (ZIF), and the "secondary spillover technique" is able to increase hydrogen storage capacities markedly with the aid of a catalyst that is capable of dissociating H2 within the materials. [12] Besides exploring new methodologies and searching for new MOFs for effective gas absorption, it is of vital importance and at the same time a great challenge to make MOFs with functionalized pores. The ability to develop well-defined structures with functionalized pores or cavities is of interest, as this will open up the possibility to design hybrid functional materials that will have application in catalysis, as sensors, and as multifunctional materials arising from the incorporation of more than one function within the pore structure. Of course, the key limitation in the development of functional MOFs lies with the introduction of functionality, whilst maintaining the same ability to design and assemble overall framework without unfavorable effects from the presence of the "functional" components. Therefore two possible approaches involve a) the self assembly of the MOF with the functionality already present, and b) the postsynthetic modification of the MOF after self-assembly. In the latter approach, Gamez et al. have recently reported the crystallographic observation of MOF-based postsynthetic covalent modification inside the pores of a new MOF, in which the amino functional groups oriented inside the pores have been covalently functionalized by reaction with other organic molecules in the cavities without modifying the original three-dimensional framework. This was achieved by the judicious selection of organic linkers which allowed the construction of delicate molecular building blocks (MBBs), and the zeolite-like metal–organic frameworks (ZMOFs) with the desired functionality and directionality. In this case, the small building block, 2-amino-1,4benzenedicarboxylic acid (N-H2BDC), which is shown in Scheme 1 and was used in Yaghi>s investigation of novel isoreticular MOFs, was employed. Reaction of this ligand with gadolinium(III) nitrate at 120 8C in DMF leads to a dinuclear gadolinium(III) compound, and both gadolinium(III) ions are connected through four bridging carboxylato moieties of four ligands (Scheme 1). Eight digadolinium building blocks are arranged to form a cube in the crystal structure, and these cubes are further associated to produce an extended three-dimensional octahedral network which features porous channels. Interestingly, the pendant amino groups do not participate in coordination to the dinuclear Gd2O7 cluster in this new MOF, which is similar to Yaghi>s Zn4O tetrahedral cluster. [3c] As such, they are readily available for postsynthetic transformation. The postsynthetic transformation reaction of the amino functionality in this MOF was realized by reaction with ethylisocyanate, and the reaction proceeds as a crystal-to[*] Dr. Y.-F. Song, Prof. Dr. L. Cronin WestChem, Department of Chemistry The University of Glasgow, G128QQ, Glasgow (UK) Fax: (+44)141-330-4888 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Homepage: http://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/staff/lee/ Angewandte Chemie


Using first-principles density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, we investigate the effect of chemical modifications on the electronic transport properties of the dihydroazulene optical molecular switch. The molecule that comprises the switch can convert between the closed and the open forms upon photoexcitation. Theoretical results show that the chemical modifications play an important role in determining the switching behavior of such molecular device. This result reflects that the current ratio can be manipulated with the careful selection of the substituents and can provide fundamental guidelines for the design of functional molecular devices.


Numerous workers have established a connexion between the metabolism of magnesium and various dietary factors. Thus Colby & Frye (1951 b) working with young rats on a low-Mg, low-calcium diet observed reduction in blood Mg levels and increase in mortality rate when the casein content of the diet was increased from 24 to 50 yo. Increased intake of Ca salts or of phosphates has been reported to affect Mg metabolism in rats (Tufts & Greenberg, 1937-8; Colby & I a; Hegsted, O'Dell, 1960; McAleese 1961), guinea-pigs 1960) and young dogs 1962) but no information is available from these experiments about the absorption of Mg. The results of Heller & Haddad (1936) indicate that the addition of calcium chloride to the drinking water of rats increased faecal Mg, and recently Alcock & MacIntyre found a decrease in absorption when rats receiving normal amounts of Mg and insufficient Ca had their Ca intake brought to normal. The experimental data of Malcolm (1905) are insufficient for any conclusions to be drawn concerning the effect of increased dietary Ca on Mg absorption in the dog. An increase in dietary phosphorus level reduced Mg in the guinea-pig and chick Edwards, Thus, although it is evident that Ca and phosphate impair Mg absorption in certain animals, the relative and combined effects of these two factors have not been studied to any great extent.


In this study, we assess the phylogenetic diversity of the halophilic archaeal community of biotechnological interest that inhabit in geothermal water in southern Tunisia. These waters are usually used for farming purposes, particularly for irrigation of the oases and greenhouses, due to the limited availability of surface freshwater resources and the arid climate. The samples processed from two separated geothermal sources in southern Tunisia based on the Illumina Miseq sequencing approach. Three samples including water, sediment, and halite-soil crust, were collected from downstream of two geothermal springs of Ksar Ghilane (KGH) and Zaouet Al Aness (ZAN) oases. Results showed that several haloarchaea-related members were identified in geothermal springs. The average taxonomic composition showed that 20 genera out of 33 were shared between the two geothermal sources with uneven distribution, where the Halogranum genus is the most represented genus with an abundance of 18.9% and 11.58% for ZAW and KGH, respectively. Several unique site-specific genera were also observed; the case of Halonotius, Halopelagius, Natronorubrum, and Haloarcula in ZAN, and Haloprofundus, Halomarina, Halovivax, Haloplanus, Natrinema, Halobium, Natronoarchaeum, Haloterrigena detected in KGH pool. We noticed that the majority of genus members are usually found in low-salinity ecosystems. The finding of this study suggests that haloarchaea-related members could survive in downstream geothermal sources, which may have resulted from the leaching of salts and minerals through drilling waters creating chemically complex saline systems.


Abstract To feel "at home" in long term care (LTC) is an important programmatic goal. Few large studies, however, have examined resident perspectives about feeling at home across different types of LTC settings. We asked 632 older adults living in nursing homes, assisted living, and adult foster homes in Oregon whether or not their setting felt "like home" and to describe their experiences with "at-homeness." Our qualitative analysis revealed five distinct themes that encompassed social connection; autonomy, control, and choice; engagement with the physical environment; organizational environment; and perceptions and coping. Our findings demonstrate how organizational features, interacting with resident characteristics, can facilitate or constrain the experience of home in LTC settings.


In the Institute of Veterinary Food Science of the Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen 59 samples of meat and sausages were examined in view of containing mechanically deboned meat. In all samples labeled mechanically separated meat and in 34 % of various retail meat product tissues from the central nervous system (CNS) were found. A procedure to detect tissues from the central nervous system that involved quantification of cholesterol and immunochemical detection of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein was used (LUCKER et al., 2000). The findings were the reason for us to deal with definitions, processing, handling and valuation of mechanically deboned meat in Germany. Especially, the principles for meat and meat products from the German Food Code are discussed.


Attitude change of physical education majors was studied in relation to number of weeks in an introductory adapted physical education (APE) course and type of practicum location (on- or off-campus). Data were collected using the Physical Educators' Attitude Toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities-III (PEATID-III) (Rizzo, 1993b) and a practicum information questionnaire (PIQ). Participants completing the PEATID-III during Weeks 1, 10, and 15 of their course were 292 males and 182 females in 22 institutions of higher education (IHEs) representing 17 states. Participants completing the PIQ were 17 faculty members. A nonequivalent comparison group, pretest-posttest experimental design was used with factorial ANOVA, post-hoc measures, ANCOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Findings indicated that off- and on-campus practicum both promoted positive attitude change between Weeks 1 and 10 and Weeks 1 and 15. On-campus practicum experiences improved attitudes significantly more than off-campus ones.


Simple Summary Growth hormone (GH) participates in the regulation of lactation and lipid metabolism. Milk traits and fatty acid composition were investigated in Modicana cows, in relation to the genetic polymorphism at GH locus p.L127V and its interaction with the feeding system. It has been compared 8 hours of grazing without concentrate (EX), versus 2 h of grazing with concentrate (SI). The frequencies of LL, LV and VV genotypes were, respectively, 0.64, 0.34, 0.02. The GH polymorphism and its interaction with feeding system did not influence milk yield and gross composition. LL cows showed higher levels of total unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, thus suggesting a potential role of the GH polymorphism on improving the healthy quality of milk. A higher level of 18:1 in the LL cows was evident only in the extensive system. The lower energy input in the extensive system, compared to the semi-intensive system, could justify this result. Abstract Growth hormone participates in the regulation of lactation and lipid metabolism. A trial study was conducted to evaluate the effects of genetic polymorphism at GH p.L127V and its interaction with feeding system (extensive, EX; semi-intensive, SI) on milk traits and fatty acids composition in Modicana cows. In the semi-intensive farm (SI) diet consisted of hay, concentrate and 2 h of grazing. In the extensive farm (EX) feeding consisted in 8 h of grazing and hay. The frequencies of LL, LV and VV genotypes were, respectively: 0.64, 0.34, 0.02. GH polymorphism and its interaction with feeding system did not influence milk yield and composition. Cows carrying LL genotype produced milk with lower 6:0 and 8:0 and higher 16:1 c9 and 18:1 c9, total UFA and total MUFA. Feeding significantly affected fatty acids: in EX cows lower SFA and higher PUFA and UFA were found, compared to SI cows. The lower, more favorable atherogenic index of milk from EX system was coherent with the improved healthy characteristics of milk from animals fed almost exclusively on pasture. A significant interaction genotype x feeding system was evident for 18:1, higher in the LL cows only in the EX system, but not in the SI system.


Attitude control of Hypersonic Aircraft is a very challenging subject due to the uncertainties and various noises of the system. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to solve this problem. Firstly, the attitude control of Hypersonic Aircraft is reformulated as a system of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are used to get optimal solution of the equations. We have studied several deep neural networks, including FC-based architecture and LSTM-based architecture and proposed a new FC-based architecture that shares the weights between different time steps, which performed satisfactorily in this problem. The performance and universality of the algorithm are tested in both unconstrained and control-constrained cases. Simulation and experimental results verify the superiority of the algorithm.


Video voyeurism is a relatively new crime that involves the use of video cameras in public areas to record underneath women's clothing. Recently, several courts have determined that this form of voyeurism is not covered under existing criminal statutes dealing with voyeurism. This paper examines current statutes relating to voyeurism to determine if these laws are adequate or if new legislation is required to combat video voyeurism. Some of the areas covered include: the nature of video voyeurism, challenges faced by law enforcement, and the challenges faced by lawmakers attempting to write legislation which will clearly criminalize the behavior.


Objective To explore the ability to repair laryngeal cartilage defects using chondrocyte- polyglycolic acid(PGA)complexes.Method Chondrocytes were isolated from costa- cartilage of infant rabbits byⅡ type collagenase digestion.they were cultured in vitro for 2~ 3 generations with Ham- F12,and then the cells were cultured in PGA scaffolds.Result cartilaginors matrix was observed 7~ 10 days after culturing.4weeks after operation,laryngeal cartilage defects were initally filled with new cartilage.No scar and necrosis in operative areas were found.More chondrocytes and matrix were observed in reparative areas.Conclusion Chondrocyte- PGA complex can be used as reparative material for laryngeal thyroid cartilage defect.


Abstract : A WC-130 aircraft was used as an airborne platform for broadband electric and magnetic field sensors to measure the surface fields on the airframe from lightning strikes in the 7 - 35 km range. The waveforms were recorded digitally, with a sample interval of 20 nsec and a time window of 164 microseconds. Since the aircraft was above 15,000 feet, and the lightning source was relatively nearby, the effects of ground propagation were minimized. Spectra have been obtained for the stepped leader, first return stroke, and subsequent return stroke over the frequency range 100 kHz to 20 MHz. These spectra are compared to published data of lightning field spectra obtained from ground-based measurements. With airframe resonances and field enhancement effects removed, the data have two primary applications: (1) To add to the data base for the nearby lightning strike threat; and (2) To infer characteristics of the stepped leader, first return stroke, and subsequent return stroke processes. Recommendations for these applications are presented.


Summary: The visual evoked potential (VEP) of five healthy, near-term exteriorized fetal lambs was compared with the VEP obtained from the same animals during the first hour after ventilation. Characteristics of the individual wave components and their relationship to blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial blood gas measurements concomitantly obtained were examined. Results show that the VEP of the healthy fetus is a stable, reproducible signal consisting of four basic components, and that the latencies (msec) and the amplitude (μV) of the individual components of the VEP are similar to those of the newborn. In two related experiments, fetal asphyxia of unknown duration was encountered during fetal exteriorization and instrumentation. In the first case, neonatal acidosis persisted despite aggressive resuscitation efforts and was accompanied by an atypical VEP. In the second case, the neonatal VEP obtained after 15 min of resuscitation was markedly depressed despite restoration of acid-base balance but gradually recovered during the remainder of the 1-hr newborn period. In conclusion, the VEP is a reproducible measure of cortical function in the healthy fetus and neonate and may reflect the acute status of cerebral function during fetal asphyxia and neonatal resuscitation.Speculation: The initial success of neonatal resuscitation after birth asphyxia is predicated upon the response of blood pressure, heart rate and blood gas measurements, yet these measurements indicate only indirectly whether brain damage has occurred during asphyxia, or whether brain recovery is eminent. The visual evoked potential may provide a reproducible measure of the effectiveness of current resuscitation practices.


A systematic framework for the organization of family planning programs includes the specification of the problems, the assessment of the resources available, and then the establishment of objectives regarding the program structure, process, and result. Some of principals involved in administration of family planning programs are the needs for 1) development in a national context; 2) marketing methods; 3) central policy planning; 4) operations-oriented research; 4) political support; and 5) evaluation. No single system of organization for family planning programs is optimal, but this analysis may help to define problems involved administration.


Abstract To make informed decisions, modern society, like modern business, must operate with adequate information about many complex interrelated aspects of its activities. Land use is only one of such aspects. Agricultural lands are of particular importance today. Land data are needed to analyse environmental processes, as well as end unsystematic, uncontrolled use of agricultural land, environmental degradation, destruction of important wetlands, loss of fish diversity and destruction of wildlife habitats. To solve these problems, it is advisable to conduct regular analysis and evaluation of land resources, justification and analysis of factors influencing the agricultural land market in the country. The tasks were solved using multidimensional statistical methods, in particular, factor analysis, which helped to get rid of subjectivity in the choice of factors influencing the market under study. Based on the model of influence of factors on the national market of agricultural land in Ukraine, six main factors were identified, the most influential of which were the components of agricultural development (first factor) and, to a lesser extent, the component of vegetable production and yield (fourth factor). The interrelationships and the degree of influence of the selected factors on the main indicators of the agricultural land market, namely, on the area of purchase and sale plots, the price of purchase and sale plots, and the number of transactions were also analysed.


Functionalized cyclopropyl ketones have been found to undergo facile reductive cyclopropane ring opening with samarium (II) diiodide in the presence of a proton source. These reactions were exceedingly rapid, taking place in most cases at −78°C under neutral conditions. An ester group substituted at the C2 position of the cyclopropane ring played an important role in the ring opening of cyclopropyl ketones.


In order to identify the risk status during the takeover from automated driving to manual driving in dangerous traffic situations, this study investigated their performance during the takeover based on PreScan. The experiment invited 38 drivers. They all held a valid driving license. A risk status identification model was proposed based on the information of vehicle status and traffic environment status. According to the rate of electrocardiogram(ECG) and the performance of takeover, the risk status was classified into three levels. Using Pearson correlation coefficient algorithm, seven factors were selected as the feature set. Then, the algorithm of Random Forest (RF) was employed to establish the takeover risk status identification model. The results show that the accuracy of RF is 98.8%, increasing 10.4%, 17.7% and 7.3% compared with Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Back Propagation Neural Network, and each risk level has good prediction results. Respectively, the results show that the space headway, longitudinal acceleration and lane departure have a great influence on the risk level, and the space headway has the strongest impact on the degree of danger during the takeover of control in Conditionally Automated Vehicles.


GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, AND DEMOGRAPHY Kristen Reed. Crude Existence: Environment and the Politics of Oil in Northern Angola. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2009. xiii + 323 pp. Maps. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $34.95. Paper.Angola is the second largest oil producer in sub-Saharan Africa and a major supplier to the United States. A decade ago its brutal civil war ended, following the death of rebel leader Jonas Savimbi. He had been a U.S. proxy during the Cold War, and his rebel movement, UNITA, for a while was the second largest recipient of U.S. covert military assistance (after the Afghan Mujahadeen). At a National Security Council meeting held in 1975, during the Ford presidency, senior U.S. officials discussed which of the various factions in Angola to support, either directly or through allies such as Zaire's dictator Mobutu Sese Seko, once the Portuguese withdrew from the country. In considering the options, Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger suggested that "we might wish to encourage the disintegration of Angola. Cabinda in the clutches of Mobutu would mean far greater security of the petroleum resources" ( The Cold War: A History in Documents and Eyewitness Accounts, Oxford UP, 2003, 521). Until today, the main strategic interest of the U.S. has been to keep oil flowing from Angola.The Cold War is long over, and February 2013 marked the twentyyear anniversary of the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between Angola and the U.S. Oil has remained a key part of the relationship since Angolan independence in 1975, and U.S. super majors such as Chevron and Exxon have invested heavily in Angola. With peace, academic research has become possible, and Kristen Reed is one of a younger generation of scholar-activists who decided to commit to the hard slog of conducting field research in Angola: research that was expensive, time consuming, and frustrating, but also ground breaking. Crude Existence focuses on Reed's two Angolan fieldwork locations where the oil industry has a significant land-based footprint-Soyo in Zaire province and the oil-rich enclave of Cabinda.The strength of Reed's book lies in her efforts to interview residents of Soyo and Cabinda and to learn how their lives have been affected by the oil and gas industry. Environmental issues feature prominently in their responses, especially the impact of the oil industry on artisanal fishing and agricultural production through oil spills and waste. Off-shore oil rigs distort fishing grounds, acting as magnets for fish searching for food and seeking refuge. The boats of Angola's artisanal fishers are banned from approaching rigs for safety reasons. (A study I was involved in for the European Parliament in 2011 on the environmental impact of the oil industry in Africa also included fieldwork in Cabinda and highlighted diminishing fishing catches and oiled fishing nets. These problems remain and will only grow. …


Objective To study the anchorge effects of lower molars in different vertical skeletal patterns by light-segmented archwire.Methods Fifty cases with different vertical skeletal pattern were selected and two lower first bicuspids were extracted in all cases.In the first half year,lower cuspids were distalized with light-segmented archwire,and lower incisors were in the physiologic drift stage.Cephalograms and study models were recorded before and six months after the treatment,respectively.Parameters such as L6-MP,L6E-RL and L4 Space were measured and the data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0.Results L6-MP angles were different among different vertical skeletal patterns.L6-MP angle was decreased from 81.8° to 79.6° in high-angle skeletal pattern,from 83.1° to 82.0° in normal-angle pattern,and from 87.0° to 86.2° in low-angle pattern.Conclusion Vertical skeletal pattern is correlated with the angle of the lower first molar but not correlated with the value of the lower first molar adjustment.


Based on experimental results,influence of sieving surface length,vibrating parameters and feedings size on the productivity of the vibration screen are analyzed.The results show that while the vibration frequency and the sieving surface length increase,the sieving productivity increases with the increase in content of fine particles in feedings.As the amplitude increases,the sieving productivity gradually increases with the increase in sieving surface length;while as the sieving surface length is over 40cm,the sieving productivity decreases with the increase in vibration frequency.


The role of machine learning on clinical documentation for predictive outcomes remains undefined. We aimed to compare three neural networks on inpatient providers' notes to predict mortality in neonatal hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).


This study was performed in the Sereer region 150 km to the east of Dakar, the capital of Senegal. The population of the region is characterised by large seasonal migration, a high divorce rate (41% of marriages end in divorce) and frequent polygamy (1.8 married women per married man). We organised the medical centres in the region to monitor actively the epidemiology of HIV infection. Three populations were targeted: pregnant women presenting for their first prenatal consultation; patients presenting with STD; and people with chronic (more than three weeks) cough. The patients consulting for STD were recruited two ways: those presenting spontaneously and those identified during home interviews by the team performing a parallel sociological study of behaviour. verall, the prevalence of HIV seropositivity was 0.2% of the women and 1,3% of the men (the difference is not significant). The seropositive individuals identified were 2 pregnant women and 5 patients (3 of 409 women and 2 of 84 men) with STD. There was no significant difference between the sex, age, marital status, or type of recruitment (spontaneous or identified by the sociological survey) of the HIV seropositive and seronegative individuals. The prevalence of treponema antibodies was 1.8% among pregnant women, 2% among STD patients and 2.4% among patients with chronic cough. There was no significant difference according to age, sex, marital status or motivation for consultation. More than half the patients consulting for STD presented biomedical disease. The majority of the STD patients were women: 70% of those spontaneously consulting; 90% of those identified by the survey; and 92% of those with biamedical disease were women. Almost all these women were suffering from cervicovaginitis. The incidence of traditional sexual diseases was assessed: mboot was very rare, and kurfeteng frequent (60%) without any correlation with biomedical STD. Socet was rare (7.8%) but significantly correlated with cervicovaginitis. The efficacy of standard treatments for STD was good, with an overall success rate of 60%. Only cervicovaginitis was studied for its correlation to behaviour. The incidence did not correlate with age, age at first sexual contact, status of sexual partner or other indicators of current sexual activity. However, the incidence of cervicovaginitis correlated with the number of previous marriages (p = 0.03) and number of visits to the town during the previous year (p = 0,01). In conclusion, the region is not currently severely afflicted by HIV. The incidence of STD is high and correlates with the number of previous marriages (and thus divorces) and visits to the town. As divorce and remarriage are very frequent in this population, and the trips to the town numerous, close monitoring of the STD and HIV epidemiology is required. The data collected can also be used to improve the care of STD patients.


In this paper, we compare the performance of activation functions on a deep image prior. The activation functions considered here are the standard rectified linear unit (ReLU), leaky rectified linear unit (Leaky ReLU), and the randomized leaky rectified linear unit (RReLU). We use these functions for denoising, super-resolution, and inpainting of the deep image prior. Our aim is to observe the effect of differences in the activation functions.


Abstract Older adults with serious mental illness (SMI) have complex care needs across medical, psychiatric, cognitive, and social domains. This growing population exhibits high levels of medical comorbidity and sedentariness. Innovative interventions that promote holistic recovery for this group are needed, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Peer Education on Exercise for Recovery (PEER) is a peer coaching intervention, delivered by VA Peer Specialists (Veterans with lived experience of mental illness), to promote exercise and physical activity among older adults with SMI. This paper will present on three different models of PEER: fully in-person, fully remote, and a hybrid model with both in-person and remote elements. Preliminary data indicates that PEER is (1) engaging and well-liked, (2) associated with greater sustained increases in physical activity compared to an active control, and (3) can lead to sustained physical activity increases that are resilient to situational constraints such as physical distancing.


In this work, a biosensor under Kretschmann configuration with enhanced sensitivity utilizing thiol on the bimetallic layers of magnetic material nickel (Ni) over silver (Ag) is proposed and analyzed numerically using the Fresnel equation and the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). Results have shown that such a hybrid configuration with a well-optimized thickness of a bimetallic layer of Ni over Ag and the proper utilization of thiol with fixed thickness can increase the sensitivity substantially higher than the conventional sensor. The minimum reflectivity, FWHM of the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) curve and sensitivity were examined in order to optimize the thickness of metal layers for the fixed thickness of the thiol. It is observed that sensitivity as high as 321º/RIU is obtained for the configuration consisting of 15 nm of Ni over 40 nm thickness of Ag added with a 4 nm thickness of thiol. Such high-sensitivity sensors can be used for protein-protein interaction and virus detection in the field of biosensing applications.


Out of phase equal power division and bandpass filtering functionalities are combined within a single circuit element over a wide bandwidth. This is achieved in the proposed structure by the use of open/shorted coupled line sections. A balun band pass filter (BPF) with a wide bandwidth of 40% is realized to validate the feasibility of the proposed structure. The measured results agree well with simulation, exhibiting small amplitude, and phase imbalance at the output ports throughout the desired passband, together with good rejection elsewhere. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1099–1101, 2015


The objective of this work was to select common bean families resistant to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Phaeoisariopsis griseola and, also, with superior agronomical traits. Families used were obtained from crosses of H91 lineage, bearer of three alleles resistant to anthracnose, and F2;5 families derived from the cultivar Jalo EEP 558, which is resistant to angular leaf spot. Square lattice design was used in all experiments. Initially the F2:3 families (144) were evaluated in the winter of 2004, in Lavras county, MG, Brazil, based on grain type. Eighty families (F2:4) were selected and evaluated with the check BRSMG Talisma, in the wet periods of 2004/2005, in the same place. Considering grain type, anthracnose and angular leaf spot resistances, 48 families (F2:5) were selected and evaluated in the dry period of 2005, in two places, Lavras and Lambari, MG. These 48 families were also inoculated with the 2047, 73 and 1545 races of C. lindemuthianum, in order to verify the presence of alleles of resitance Co-42, Co-5 and Co-7, respectively. Genotypes with anthracnose resistance were identified in most families, four of which are outstanding for their ideal 'Carioca'-like grain, with upright plant, high grain yield and resistance to angular leaf spot.


The predatory activities of fishes are thought to have little impact on the distribution and abundance of sponges on Caribbean coral reefs. To test this premise, 15 species of sponges were transplanted from mangrove and grassbed habitats, where spongivorous fishes are rare, to shallow patch reefs, where spongivorous fishes are common. Twelve of these 15 sponge species could also be found in cryptic locations, but not in conspicuous locations, on nearby reefs. After 3 d, there was significant loss of wet mass of uncaged sponges versus caged sponges for nine sponge species because of consumption by spongivores, primarily angelfishes. A mean of >50% of the sponge tissue was consumed for seven species: Chondrilla nucula, Chondrosia collectrix, Geodia gibberosa, Halichondria sp., Halichondria melanodocia, Myriastra kalitetilla, and Tedania ignis. These results, in addition to other recent data on the chemical defenses of Caribbean reef sponges against generalist predatory fishes, suggest that predation plays an important role in structuring the reef sponge community and that predation limits the distribution of some Caribbean sponges.


A previously healthy 25‐year‐old nongovernmental organization volunteer in Malawi developed acute swelling of both lips and a "cold sore" on the inner aspect of the lower lip and some mild patchy erythema to his face and ears. He reported no fever or pain, but did notice some tingling of the lips and general malaise. He denied any new intimate partners, foods, or other exposures. The patient reported no history of …


Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is a mechanism that allows people to share locally the energy they have generated from distributed renewable resources (DER), to generate profit form the unused resources and to reduce the cost for electricity for the household and in the community itself. This calls for the design of new energy markets, accompanied with the development of comprehensive exchange strategies, which reflect both the consumer?s preferences and the heterogeneity of the renewable sources. The paper presents a study of the behavior patterns of individual prosumers using bidding strategies based on the State-of-Charge of the battery and two di ff erent pricing algorithm, one with fixed prices and one based on the battery price of each standalone system as well as the e ff ect such patterns have on a local energy market with solar panels, fuels cells and batteries. The evaluation is achieved by the use of a prototype based on the Open Energy Systems (OES), a community in Okinawa, Japan, made of 19 interconnected houses with residential storage, photovoltaic cells and AC grid connection. In order to simulate heterogeneity, a fuel cell, modeled after Ene-Farm, is added to the original configuration. Each house has a power flow management system, which uses a priority-based algorithm to maintain demand-response e ffi ciency, capable of scheduling the operating hours of the available fuels cells. energy is on Zaraba, a continuous double auction algorithm used by the Japanese Stock Exchange, in which prosumer can bid for a desired amount and price of electricity for a 30-minutes time slot in the future The preliminary numerical evaluation is based on the results from several simulations using di ff erent versions of the bidding agent.


We study power series and analyticity in the quaternionic setting. We first consider a function f defined as the sum of a power series P n∈N qnan in its domain of convergence, which is a ball B(0, R) centered at 0. At each p ∈ B(0, R), f admits expansions in terms of appropriately defined regular power series centered at p, P n∈N (q−p)bn. The expansion holds in a ball Σ(p, R − |p|) defined with respect to a (non-Euclidean) distance σ. We thus say that f is σ-analytic in B(0, R). Furthermore, we remark that Σ(p, R − |p|) is not always an Euclidean neighborhood of p; when it is, we say that f is quaternionic analytic at p. It turns out that f is quaternionic analytic in a neighborhood A of B(0, R)∩R, with A strictly contained in B(0, R) unless R is infinite. We then extend these results to the larger class of quaternionic regular functions, enriching the theory recently introduced in [9]. Indeed, regularity proves equivalent to σ-analyticity and regular functions are quaternionic analytic only in a neighborhood of the real axis.


This research tests the idea that a salient global identity positively affects people's willingness to pay for environmentally friendly products. Results from a large-scale multi-nation survey (N = 75,934) as well as two studies (N = 322) conducted in Singapore supported this prediction. We found that participants with a more (vs. less) dominant global identity indicated greater support for environmentally friendly products and exhibited increased pro-environmental behavior. We further show that the effect is driven by a stronger feeling of personal responsibility toward the environment among individuals who possess a dominant global identity. Findings from this research suggest that the formation of stronger global identity, a psychological consequence of increasing globalization, can have an important impact on people's pro-environmental behavior.


The continues dynamics as the object of observation in studying the milestones that any company or industry should consistently achieve in long-term growth expected to be stable. The same applies to the natural gas distribution sector or known as city gas. The movement of data from year to year continues to depict an increasing trend with regard to the city gas sector in Indonesia. The objective of this particular study is to provide a better understanding of the city gas distribution sector in Indonesia and to provide a clearer picture of a number of latent variables that must be accommodated to optimize the distribution of natural gas to cities in Indonesia. The methodology used in this study is the Structured Equation Method (SEM). In a more specific description, path analysis developed from multivariate regression is used to analyze the correlation between indicators and latent variables so as to determine the validity of the multiple regression model. Still related to the research method, by sorting the data collection released from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency and grouping data from indicators of city gas distribution companies during the period 2010-2020 divided into income, number of workers, wages, the volume of city gas distributed, and costs associated with operations. The results of this work are to provide input to the authorities and other stakeholders in order to optimize the growth of Indonesia's gas distribution sector. The value or originality of this study is to reveal the impact of latent variables that have the status of moderating variables. Study limitations - Due to the inaccessibility of non-disclosure primary data and limited data availability, it is assumed that the data obtained from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency is valid to describe the explanatory variables of the city gas distribution sector in Indonesia.


To solve the problem of mobile phone life, this article designed a bidirectional fast charging movable power source. The design includes a microcontroller control circuit, charge management module, QC2.0 fast charge protocol identification module and battery protection module. After testing, when the power is connected, the circuit can charge by 9V input voltage. When the load is accessed, the QC2.0 fast charge protocol can be identified to achieve fast charging. Experimental results show that this circuit can effectively improve the charging power and shorten the charging time.


S transform (ST) proposed by Stockwell et al. is the unique transform that provides frequency-dependent resolution while maintaining a direct relationship with the Fourier spectrum. This feature is very important for applications. However, the ST can't work well for seismic data analysis since its basic wavelet is not appropriate. In this paper, the ST is generalized with two steps, and two kinds of new transforms are obtained, which are called generalized S transform (GST). First, the basic wavelet in ST is replaced by a modulated harmonic wave with four undetermined coefficients, and then a new transform and its inverse are given, called GST1. Second, taking a linear combination of the basic wavelets in step 1 as a new basic wavelet, called GST2, and its inverse is constructed. To compare ST with GST, the ST and GST method are used to analyze several typical models of thin beds, respectively. The results show that the resolution of GST is better than that of ST. The GST method can determine accurately the location of interfaces of acoustic impedance in thin interbeds of thickness being only an eighth wavelength, while ST method can't. In this study, the effectiveness of GST method is also verified by processing results of real data.


In the early 1960's Mats Hillert started a systematic investigation of phase equilibria for iron-based systems. Computer programs and thermodynamic models for the calculation of phase equilibria were also developed. All this information in combination with versatile computer programs have today become important tools for the development of new alloys. In the Swedish metallurgical industry, tungsten is an important element. Swedish high speed steels and cemented carbides are strong and competitive on the world market. Most cemented carbides are based on the Co-W-C system. The new computerised tools now allow a better understanding of how different alloy compositions and heat treatments influence the structre of the sintered carbides. This information also makes the development of sintered carbide based on more complicated systems possible


Middleware solutions for mobile computing should give application designers full location visibility to perform applicationspecific optimizations and to adapt to local resource availability. This will enable application developers in patient monitoring domain to be able concentrate their resources and time on the service logic of the problem they are solving which will invariably reduce the total time, Also , efforts expended by software development firms and IT departments on patient monitoring application development will be minimal if such middleware exist. This paper produced a context- aware mobile agent middleware on top of which healthcare service programmers and developers can run other plug-in applications that allow mobile devices and biomedical sensors to be used for monitoring patients remotely using agent technology.


AFTER the destruction of the Benedictine houses by the Henrican Reformation, the monastic system in England seemed dead. But examples of men and women could be found who continued to promote aspects of the monastic ideal. Little Gidding and the numerous voluntary prayer groups of the Restoration were popular, but shortlived. By the turn of the nineteenth century, however, the historical climate made the Anglican soil of England hospitable to Benedictine monasticism. The piety and suffering of the refugee French priests who fled to England to escape the horrors of the Revolution, for example, helped to change the antiRoman prejudices of some Britons. But it was the Oxford Movement and its claim to the inheritance of monasticism which helped to give renewed strength to the monastic spirit. The goal of the Oxford Movement was a renewal of pastoral duties and a refurbishing of the Anglican moral fibre. The Tractarians emphasized the importance of the pre-Reformation or Catholic tradition in the Church of England, and consequently, the theologians began to discover the value of many monastic practices.' One can detect three major themes in the Oxford Movement: a reaction against the secularism of the age, a desire to elevate the importance of the pre-Reformation tradition, and consequently a dedication to the principles of the ancient pristine Church. These characteristics, consequently, nurtured the growth of monastic ideals in nineteenth-century England. It was the Catholic tradition, and not the spirit of the Reformation, which inspired the Tractarians. Three specific historical epochs influenced the Oxford writers: monasticism in the patristic era, the achievements of mediaeval Benedictinism, and the stability of seventeenth-century French monastic life.? Each period was an expression of monastic greatness. Through their study of history, therefore, it became apparent that certain monastic traditions were meaningful. 'Certain investigations showed that it was only custom and not official regulations that had led to the abandonment of many of the historic agents of worship." When the Oxford theologians studied the Church of the Fathers, they


Solving the properties of dense QCD matter is an extremely challenging problem because standard theoretical tools do not work at intermediate densities. The gauge/gravity duality may help to provide answers in this region. I give a brief review of recent progress in this field, focusing on the V-QCD model, which is one of the most sophisticated holographic models of QCD. I discuss predictions for the phase diagram, the equation of state, and properties of baryons. I apply these results to analyze the properties of neutron stars and to quark matter production in neutron star mergers.


Objective To explore the diagnostic value of serum hyaluronic acid for hepatic pathologic staging and grading of chronic hepatitis.Methods Serum HA was determined by radioimmunoassay.The diagnostic value of serum for hepatic pathologic staging and grading was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic curve.Results There was no significant difference in serum HA level between S 2 and S 1 , and between G 2 and G 1 .Serum HA level in S 3-S 4 and G 3 was notably higher than that in S 2 and G2 ,respectively.There was no differential value of serum HA for differentiating S 2 from S 1 and G 2 from G 1;taking serum HA≥190 ng/ml as cut-off for differentiating S 3-S 4 from S 2,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate were 72.7%,70.8% and 71.4% respectively,the positive and negative predictive value were 53.3% and 85.0% respectively;taking serum HA≥285 ng/ml as cut-off for differentiate G 3 and G 2,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate were 71.4%,83.3% and 81.1% respectively,the positive and negative predictive value were 50.0% and 92.6% respectively.Conclusion There is a certain value of serum HA for differentiating severe from mild pathologic staging and grading.


We apply linear-response analysis to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to obtain the excitation frequencies of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a vortex state, and apply it to a system of Rubidium atoms confined in a time-averaged orbiting potential trap. The excitation frequencies of a vortex differ significantly from those of the ground state, and may therefore be used to obtain a spectroscopic signature of the presence of a vortex state.


Finite element methods can be formulated from the variational principles in solid mechanics by relaxing the continuity requirements along the interelement boundaries. The combination of different variational principles and different boundary continuity conditions yields numerous types of approximate methods. This paper reviews and reinterprets the existing finite element methods and indicates other alternative schemes. Plate bending problems are used to compare the relative merits of the various methods.


The objective is to compare the short‐term (30 days) and late (12 months) vascular adverse events in patients undergoing transfemoral (TF)‐transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) by surgical cut‐down (SC) vs. percutaneous (PC) approaches.


On the foundation of fully understand the nature of different palm oil, combining with some practical problems of bulk shipment of palm oil, a series of discussions and advices were provided in the process of cargo operationthe cargo loading and discharging, safe washing operation and cargo management during voyage. The present thesis aims to provide references for safety shipment of palm oil according to personal experiences on board.


After different diploid eggplants are bred into autotetraploid, the general fruits are teratogeny and inactivation. The cause of the mutation is not environment, but inheritance. Teratogenyinactivation of fruit accompanied by multiply of fruit, which are controlled by two pairs of mutexchain genes, the austausch value is 38.77+1.78(36.91+5.78). Teratogenyinactivation index and divarication type index are negative correlation, y=0.5004-0.5552x. In the halfsib recurrent covergent cross selection of innerpopulation in open pollination, using trenddiploid weak plant type as indirect index to select, the comprehensive inheritance:h2=98.72%+0.98%, correlated inheritance: hxy=97.89%, genetic change value:GCV=26.49%, correlated genetic schedule:CGSY=2.0552, selection efficient is 98.6%.


The paper introduces the application of coordinated EDTA circulation cleaning passivation technology to the boiler,which appears severe scaling problems,in 2×500MW supercritical pressure fossil fired unit in Huaneng Yimin Power Plant.The scale creation is of 280 g/m2 on fiery wall side for boiler water walls and is of 503.75 g/m2 on the inlet section of coal economizer before the cleaning.The scaling-cleaning rate of the water walls and coal economizer reaches more than 97% after the cleaning,and metal corrosion rate amount are lower than that of the industry standard.


The new scheme developed in an earlier paper for the determination of the free energy of classical systems is applied to the 1-D single component fluid of hard rods. Exact results for the nearest neighbor probability density functions (NNPDFs) are obtained with origin situated at one end of the 1-D medium of interest. The formulation for NNPDFs are then used to show that the new scheme converges and actually reproduces the well-known exact results for the free energy of the 1-D hard rod system at all densities.


High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) has a significant impact on power systems. This paper simulates the HEMP coupling for three types of power cables in an electromagnetic shielding cabinet. Besides, this paper proposes the HEMP protection circuit design for 220 V AC and 24 V DC power. In a lightning conduction injection test, the circuit reduces the peak voltage by 12.1 and 14.2 times for AC and DC, respectively. In a pulsed current injection (PCI) test, the circuit reduces the transient peak current to less than 8.2 A for both AC and DC.


We develop an evolutionary economics framework designed to assess the diffusion and adoption processes of modern, water-saving, irrigation technologies among heterogeneous farmers over time. This framework is evaluated using a survey on 114 farms located in Reunion Island, France. We show that the technological trajectory for irrigation equipment is related with a shift in the technological paradigm from water resource saving consideration to farm's profitability in a context of economic 1 The authors wish to thank Etienne Montaigne for his helpful comments and suggestions during the phase of conception of this paper. 2 French Agricultural Research Center for International Development. 3 Joint Research Unit, Water Management: Players and Uses. 4 Center for Social and Economic Research of the University of Reunion Island. 5 Center for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa. Sustainable Innovation 07 165 crisis for agriculture. We also show that the diffusion of the new drip irrigation technology could not only be triggered by economic incentives as subsidies. The fleeting expansion of drip irrigation seems due to a lack of institutional support in training and promoting efficient management tools.


This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author MI designed the study, wrote the protocol, performed the GIS analysis, wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and reviewed the final draft of the manuscript. Authors AM and IK managed the literature searches. Authors AS, AMO and AMY carried out the field survey. Author IJM supervised the work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a major killer and is a challenging clinical research issue with abysmal survival due to unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Two major issues thwart the treatment of locally advanced nonresectable pancreatic cancer (LAPC): high micrometastasis rate and surgical inaccessibility. Local ablative therapies induce a systemic antitumor response (i.e., abscopal effect) in addition to local effects. Thus, the incorporation of additional therapies could be key to improving immunotherapy's clinical efficacy. In this systematic review, we explore recent applications of local ablative therapies combined with immunotherapy to overcome immune resistance in PDAC and discuss future perspectives and challenges. Particularly, we describe four chemoradiation studies and nine reports on irreversible electroporation (IRE). Clinically, IRE is the ablative therapy of choice, utilized in all but two clinical trials, and may create a favorable microenvironment for immunotherapy. Various immunotherapies have been used in combination with IRE, such as NK cell- or γδ T cell-based therapy, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors. The results of the clinical trials presented in this review and the advancement potential of these therapies to phase II/III trials remain unknown. A multiple treatment approach involving chemotherapy, local ablation, and immunotherapy holds promise in overcoming the double trouble of LAPC.


Climate change has had significant impacts on the hydrologic cycle of the planet. Of particular concern are estuarine environments, such as San Francisco Bay (USA) which is fed by diminishing snow pack runoff leading to gradual increases in salinity. Salinity enhances the acute toxicity of several agricultural


This paper describes the technical and organizational infrastructure designed to integrate a bio sensing based water quality evaluation system into a nascent water well monitoring and response program in the Terban district of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The system AirKami (Bahasa Indonesia for 'our water'), combines a desktop bio incubator, flexible and scalable IT data management, local ecological knowledge and community support to create a new community-technology effort that includes a novel water filtration and distribution system. The project materially improves the drinking water supply for Terban residents where government efforts have been insufficient.


Provided is an image forming apparatus capable of improving printing speed and image quality. The image forming apparatus includes a print head having a plurality of heaters for heating a printing medium and a driving chip unit for selectively driving the heaters according to printing data. Also included is a feeding unit that transfers the printing medium to the print head. The driving chip unit has a first preheating part for preheating the printing medium before the printing medium is directly heated by the heaters.


PORPHYRIA, a peculiar disease of metabolism in which port-wine-colored urine, containing quantities of uroporphyrin, is excreted, has been reported associated with a number of different clinical manifestations. All normal urine of human beings contain, minute quantities of coproporphyrin. Various normal values for the average twenty-four hour excretion of coproporphyrin have been given by authors using different technics, but the maximal excretion of over 100 specimens previously examined by one of us (I. Z.) represented 3 micrograms per kilogram of body weight.1Increased excretion of coproporphyrin, or porphyrinuria, occurs in hepatic diseases, hemopoietic abnormalities and febrile disorders.2On the other hand, uroporphyrin is not found in normal urine nor is it specifically found in the aforementioned pathologic states. Porphyria is characterized by the excretion of the abnormal porphyrin, uroporphyrin, usually in such quantities that the urine is reddish brown. Many classifications of the porphyrias have been made. Gunther's3


increasing the potential for learning in higher education. It discusses the enhancement of thinking and learning processes facilitating the learning of difficult-todescribe practices, frameworks for reflective writing, supporting epistemological development and effective critical thinking, stories that are designed to stimulate thinking, decision-making, poetry and the writing of stories. Further description is given then to stories of experience in personal and professional development, case studies, scenarios and critical incidents, promotion of change and the place of story in research. Fiction too has its mention alongside oral story telling in education and the new ways that stories are told such as through interactive storytelling, games and simulation. This is a thoroughly good read and covers a variety of often ignored issues that are overlooked through blind familiarity. This text could make a good case of how we often don't see the wood for the trees. This text should be a mandatory read for those embarking on such as ethnographic studies and case study type research as it will enhance the learning potential that only stories can tell. Now once upon a time . . . .


The financial industry today is confronted with a new normal – rapid advances in technology and an increasingly tech-savvy demographic are presenting both opportunities and challenges to the industry. Indeed, as financial technology or fintech is disrupting the industry, it is also emerging as a major game changer with unique value propositions. The nascent yet growing fintech space has large ambitions. At the fore is its aim to revolutionise the entire value chain of financing. Globally, fintech start-ups are making large inroads and openly challenging the traditional financial players in their own space. Significantly, fintech is reshaping consumers' expectations of financial services. And yet, fintech does offer tremendous opportunities to financial institutions. There is no doubt in my mind that the financial institutions that fully embrace the advancements in technology will be the future winners. What is required is for us to face up to the reality of fintech – what it is, how it works and how to benefit from it.


AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET (FDG-PET) and FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) in the detection of recurrent or metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) that was not identified by radioiodine whole-body scintigraphy (WBS). Patients and methodsA total of 25 studies (comprising 789 patients) that were published from January 1990 to September 2008 were reviewed. These studies evaluated the role of FDG-PET and FDG-PET/CT in the detection of recurrent or metastatic DTC that radioiodine WBS failed to detect. Systematic methods were used to identify, select, and evaluate the methodological quality of the studies and to summarize the overall findings of sensitivity and specificity. ResultsIn total, 17 studies with 571 patients who had recurrent or metastatic DTC and a radioiodine-negative whole-body scan were collected, and the overall patient-based sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET were 0.835 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.791–0.873] and 0.843 (95% CI: 0.791–0.886), respectively. Of these studies, six included lesion-based data, totaling 237 lesions, and the pooled lesion-based sensitivity and specificity were 0.916 (95% CI: 0.863–0.953) and 0.775 (95% CI: 0.660–0.865), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity in the DTC patients who presented with elevated serum thyroglobulin and negative 131I scan were 0.885 (95% CI: 0.828–0.929) and 0.847 (95% CI: 0.715–0.934), respectively. In the six studies where the 165 patients were diagnosed by using FDG-PET/CT, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.935 (95% CI: 0.870–0.973) and 0.839 (95% CI: 0.723–0.920), respectively. ConclusionFDG-PET is especially effective in detecting patients with elevated thyroglobulin levels and normal radioiodine WBS; FDG-PET/CT is a more sensitive method in the follow-up of thyroid cancer recurrence or metastases, particularly in those with negative WBS.


In many developing countries, it is challenging for remote communities to access reliable and accurate sources of news. This paper examines the case of Somaliland, where there is a fragmented media landscape that is subject to tribal biases and manipulations. Often, exaggeration or misrepresentation of facts prompts conflicts and hostility towards authorities, especially in remote areas. To foster more transparent communications between governmental institutions and the public, we built and deployed an interactive voice forum, accessible to anyone with a basic mobile handset. Called Ila Dhageyso, this forum enables callers to listen and respond to official recordings from the Presidential Ministry, as well as to the responses of other callers. Audio messages are also threaded and posted on YouTube to involve Somaliland people in diaspora. From December 2012 to April 2013, Ila Dhageyso logged 4,300 posts from callers. This paper reviews the media climate and geopolitical circumstances in Somaliland that motivated the formation of Ila Dhageyso. It also describes the design, implementation, and experiences gained in the first exploratory deployment of the service.


Forming strong will in sportsmen, specializing in cyclical sports has some specific features. The choice of the means of forming the special readiness for sports competitions is determined by qualities of the nervous system of a sportsman and his motivation.


The experiment has discussed the rule of microorganism's adsorption by nano-iron,the main research is that the impact of nano-iron adsorb on gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria,the adsorption kinetics,adsorption isotherms,adsorption thermodynamics,and the microbial nano-iron absorption mechanism.The results show that the adsorption process is fast on the surface of nano-iron and it is influenced by the reaction time,the concentration of the bacteria,temperature of the environment,and other external factors.Specific conclusions are as follows: Microorganisms and minerals react with the same amount of nano-iron under same conditions,microbial can be balanced in shorter time and higher efficiency;The microbes of Gram-negative bacteria can get less adsorbing equilibrium time than Gram-positive bacteria,for they have different charges on their surfaces;The adsorption process of bacteria and nano-iron is suitable for Fraundlich isotherm equation,and it turns out that it is single-layer adsorption;The activity of microorganisms at 20℃ is lower than at 30℃ and 40℃,but apparently these temperatures have no significant impact to the character of microorganism.


In connection with the recent troubles surrounding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, there's been a good deal of discussion about finding alternative forms of liquidity for the U.S. residential mortgage market. The U.S. Treasury has said it wants to shrink Fannie and Freddie by 10% annually beginning in 2010--from a high of $850 billion to a mere $250 billion. Naturally, the question on everyone's mind right now is, "How do you replace more than a half a trillion dollars in funding?" One idea that has a track record worth looking at is covered bonds, a financing vehicle Europe has used successfully and safely for a long time. U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson convened a meeting in Washington this June to ask what steps could be taken to stimulate the growth of a covered bond market. This was followed in July by issuance of the Treasury guide, "Best Practices for Residential Covered Bonds." (http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/ reports/USCoveredBondBestPractices.pdf). Covered by the pool, not the bank A covered bond is basically a corporate bond issued by a bank and secured by a dynamic pool of residential mortgage loans. Importantly, new mortgage loans are added to the pool every month as old loans pay down or default. Unlike the mortgage-backed bonds issued by savings and loans in the 1980s, a covered bond has its maturity date protected. In the event of the insolvency of the issuing bank, it is intended that the pool of collateral "covering" the bond will provide sufficient funds to continue to pay the outstanding bonds through their maturity date. The bonds are not accelerated and paid off upon the insolvency of the bank. Covered bonds originated almost 250 years ago in Prussia as a means to finance rebuilding following a war. With the integration of the European financial markets in the 1990s and the introduction of the Euro, the market for covered bonds exploded. In Europe, there are no equivalents to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Nor is there a Federal Home Loan Bank System. As a result, covered bonds developed as significant private-market means of financing residential mortgages. Today there is more than $3 trillion in covered bonds outstanding in the European market--equivalent to about 60% of the financing currently provided by Fannie and Freddie in the U.S. Generally, European covered bonds are provided for in specific statutes that enable the pledged mortgage loans to be "ring-fenced." In the event of the insolvency of the issuing bank, the cover pool is separated from the other assets of the failed bank and held for the benefit of the covered bond investors and used to pay the bonds. Because covered bonds are issued by regulated entities and are also secured by high quality collateral, they are viewed as being in the same category as sovereign and agency bonds. Two key differences here Washington Mutual was the first U.S. financial institution to originate a covered bond when it issued four billion euros of covered bonds in September 2006 in Europe. This was followed shortly by a four billion euro offering by Bank of America in April 2007. Both banks issued subsequent series of covered bonds, including the issuance by Bank of America of a dollar-denominated series in the U.S. There is no statute in the U.S. to enable the issuance of covered bonds, so U.S. banks utilize the techniques of securitization to issue what are referred to as "structured" covered bonds. The other significant difference in U.S. covered bonds is that upon the insolvency of an issuing bank, the collateral pool is monetized--either through a repudiation payment by the FDIC, or through a liquidation of the cover pool by the bond trustee. This has the effect of introducing market risk and reinvestment risk into U.S. covered bonds, as the proceeds need to be reinvested by the bond trustee until maturity. The GSEs still dominate While covered bonds have been highly successful in Europe and some are proposing covered bonds as a solution to a broken mortgage finance market in the U. …


Conventionally, antennas are reciprocal devices, exhibiting the same properties in transmission and in reception. In order to break antenna reciprocity, in this letter, we exploit the properties of space-time varying metamaterials, whose dielectric properties are modulated in both space and time. We propose to surround the antenna by a space-time varying cloak that imparts a momentum bias to the electromagnetic field propagating through it. The propagating wave interacts with the space-time modulation only in one direction, breaking time-reversal symmetry and, thus, the reciprocity of the system. Here, we show that a properly designed space-time varying metamaterial cloak can be used to significantly change the realized gain exhibited by an antenna in its transmission and reception mode. Since the proposed concept is based on weak coupling between propagating modes, electrically long propagation distance in the cloak is required, increasing the overall dimension of the system. However, the cloak thickness can be controlled by modifying the modulation parameters. The proposed concept may enhance the performance of radio-frequency communication systems, reducing the in-band captured noise or interfering signals.


Nutrition interventions are an important component of comprehensive care and support for people living with HIV (PLHIV) helping to manage symptoms promote response to treatment and improving functioning and quality of life. With support from USAID / East Africa and USAIDs Office of Health Infectious Disease and Nutrition Bureau for Global Health FANTA-2 works with partners in east central and southern Africa to strengthen the capacity of health care providers to integrate nutrition interventions into HIV care and treatment services. As part of this initiative FANTA-2 worked with the East Central and Southern African Health Community (ECSA-HC) to develop Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual for Nurses and Midwives. As front-line care providers nurses play a critical role in HIV care. In many settings it is nurses who have the strongest opportunity to provide routine counseling and other support to PLHIV. Equipping nurses with nutrition and HIV knowledge and skills enables them to provide effective nutrition care and support. Nursing school curricula in the region often include little or no information on the subject. This manual is designed to address this gap by providing materials that nursing school instructors can use to teach nursing students the knowledge and skills needed for nutrition care and support of PLHIV. While designed to be used for pre-service training it can also be used or adapted for in-service training. The manual is organized into three parts. Part I includes introductory sessions with basic information about HIV. Part II aims to build technical knowledge. Part III provides guidance on nutrition care for different clients living with HIV. These sessions are organized based on a life cycle approach with separate sessions on caring for adults pregnant and lactating women infants and young children children 2-9 years old and adolescents living with HIV.


Knowledge graph has been a research hotspot in the field of knowledge services in recent years. Constructing a power grid knowledge graph with a reasonable hierarchy and structure is an important driving force to promote intelligent education in the grid field and the development and innovation of grid technology. Based on the analysis of the gaps between the requirements of data understanding and the technologies of the knowledge graph, a 2-layer power grid knowledge graph framework is designed for data visualization and analysis. Then the weighted average of the word vector similarity is used to match the technical framework with the acquired power grid education resource entities to build a more complete grid technology knowledge graph, making knowledge expression closer to the structure of human cognition. One case study based on this structure is performed, which shows how this power grid knowledge graph works and the effectiveness of it in power grid education resource management. The research provides an efficient analysis and mining environment for the development of research and education intelligence in the field of power grids.


The magnetic force is applied for the precisely controlled levitation of salt-containing water droplets in oil phase. This levitation phenomena analyses were achieved by the analytical calculation of the inhomogeneous space distribution of the field and force in the bore of a vertical superconducting magnet. The tiny effects on the droplet position are explained as variation of the diamagnetic susceptibility in the course of levitation.


The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the Principal in N S W government schools. This included consideration of selected aspects of the required management skills of school Principals and the relationship of these competencies to the effectiveness and welfare of the individual Principal. The study also considers the effects of the increased devolution of responsibility to NSW government schools. In a devolved, school-centred system of education, Principals have been pivotal to the implementation and success of programs and system management. The original goal of this research project was to examine the effect of management skills of school executives on the learning climate of the school. However, in preliminary observation and discussion with school executives it became clear that it was the perception held by the Principal of the significantly changed role and the acquisition of essential management skills or competencies which were central to the process of change in the now NSW Department of Education and training (NSW DET). This system -wide change began as a result of the implementation in 1990 of the recommendations in School-Centred Education, the report of the review team led by Dr Brian Scott. Since mid 1989 change has been virtually continuous in the administrative areas of the NSW education system. Whilst the major focus periods were 1992 and 1996 this study encompassed the implications of system change for Principals and the way in which they managed their schools over the period 1990 to 1996. There has been continuing debate in the literature relating to the Principalship regarding the primary task of the Principal. The discussion focused mainly on whether the role primarily was that of instructional leader or of corporate manager. This study investigated the necessity and compatibility of both of these aspects of the Principal's role now perceived as requisite in NSW to implement the


Abstract: The Role of Parents towards Early Childhood In the Process of Learning English in the Global Era. Objective: This research aims to find out parents' perspectives about the importance of English learning and to know the involvement of parents in the process of learning English. Methods: Therefore, the Researcher provided two kinds of the procedure to collect data, namely 1) Questionnaire and 2) Interview as the quantitative and qualitative methods of this research. The sample consisted of 16 parents who have profession as the lecturer in Makassar Muhammadiyah University and Parepare Muhammadiyah University in Indonesia. Findings:  This study showed that parents' have a very positive perspective on the importance of teaching English to young learners. They enthusiastically support their children in the process of learning English as a foreign language for them, even though they agreed that there are some challenges they can face in this process. Keywords: parents role, early childhood, learning English. Abstrak: Peran Orang Tua terhadap anak usia dini dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris di era global. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perspektif orang tua tentang pentingnya belajar bahasa Inggris dan untuk mengetahui keterlibatan orang tua dalam proses belajar bahasa Inggris. Metode: Oleh karena itu, Peneliti menyediakan dua jenis prosedur untuk mengumpulkan data, yaitu 1) Kuisioner dan 2) Wawancara sebagai metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dari penelitian ini. Sampel terdiri dari 16 orang tua yang berprofesi sebagai dosen di Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar dan Universitas Parepare Muhammadiyah di Indonesia. Temuan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa orang tua memiliki perspektif yang sangat positif tentang pentingnya pengajaran bahasa Inggris kepada pembelajaran anak usia dini. Mereka dengan antusias mendukung anak-anak mereka dalam proses belajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing bagi mereka, meskipun mereka sepakat bahwa ada beberapa tantangan yang dapat mereka hadapi dalam proses ini. Kata kunci: peranan orang tua, anak usia dini, pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v10.i2.202003


A capsule and an oral liquid prepared from edible flower of plant or extract of the flower belong to the technology field of food and health food. The capsule and the oral liquid contain 5 to 98% of flower or flower extract, and 2 to 95% of adjuvants. The flower is selected from Rosa rugosa, Camellia japomica, lily, Osmanthus Fragrans, Flos Rosae Chinensis, Lonicera japonica Thunb, Flos Chrysanthemi, Rhododendron, Sophora davidii, bombax ceiba, jasmine, Flos Mume, Diranthus chinensis, lotus, forget-me-not, Flos Sophorae, Lavandula angustifolia Mill., snow lotus, Flos Gomphrenae, Flos Hibisci, Flos Celosiae Cristatae, Flos Puerariae, Fructus Auranti, Gardenia jasminoides, Herba Taraxaci, orchid, Flos caryophyni, Camellia, Flos rosae multiflora, Aglaia flower, Herba Menthae Spicatae flower, Leonurus Artemisia flower, Iris japonica Thunb., loquat flower, Flos Magnoliae, Flos Citri Sarcodactylis, Michelia figo, Juncus effusus Linn., pine pollen, poney, etc. The flower extract is extract of the flowers, and the adjuvants are selected from citric acid, sucrose powder, Mel, Aspartame, xylitol, dextrin, starch, vitamin C, and royal jelly. The capsule and the oral liquid have the advantages of convenient administration, high nutrition and health protection values, good taste, etc.


To examine the mechanisms of changes in β-adrenergic signal transduction in heart failing due to volume overload, we studied the status of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs), G protein-coupled receptor kinase...


Roots, bulbs, corms, and other below-ground organs are almost universally present in communities containing vascular plants. A large and taxonomically diverse group of herbivores uses these below-ground plant parts as its sole or primary source of food. Important within this group are plant-parasitic nematodes and several fossorial taxa that affect plants through their soil-disturbing activities as well as by consuming plant tissue. The fossorial taxa are probably best exemplified by fossorial rodents, which are distributed on all continents except Australia. All other fossorial herbivores are insects. The impact of below-groud herbivory on individual plant fitness will depend upon the extent to which, and under what circumstances, the consumption of plant tissue disrupts one or more of the six functions of below-ground plant parts. Below-ground herbivory is probably more often chronic than acute. Indirect evidence suggests that plants have responded evolutionarily to herbivory by enhancing the functional capacities of below-ground organs, thus developing a degree of tolerance, and by producing compounds that serve as feeding deterrents. Many plant species respond to the removal of root tissues by increasing the growth rate of the remaining roots and initiating new roots. Soil movement and mixing by fossorial rodents infleuce the environment of other below-ground herbivores as well as that of plants and plant propagules. The relationships among the various groups of below-ground herbivores, and between below-ground herbivores and plants, are at best poorly known, yet they appear to have major roles in determining the structure and regulating the functioning of natural communities.


Magnetic susceptibility results and extensive electronic, infrared, and Mi:issbauer spectral data are presented for enH_2[(FeHEDT A)_2O]· 6H_2O_3, Na_4[(FeEDTA)_2O]· 12H_2O, FeHEDTA· H_2O, and NaFeEDT A· 3H_2O (HEDTA = N-hydroxoethylethylenediaminetriacetate, EDTA = ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and enH_2^(2+) =
ethylenediammonium cation). The magnetic and spectral data establish an electronic structural model for the
oxo-bridged dimers in which pairs of S = 5/2 Fe(III) ions interact antiferromagnetically, with J ≃ -95 cm^(-1). The
oxo-bridged dimers show marked intensity enhancement of the one-center Fe(III) ligand-field bands. There are
also several uv bands which are interpreted as arising from simultaneous electronic excitations of Fe(III) pairs. A
simple high-spin ligand-field model modified by spin-spin interaction is judged to be considerably more appropriate
than the Dunitz-Orgel molecular orbital approach as a vehicle for describing oxo-bridged Fe(IIl) dimers.


The purpose of the essay has been to clarify why and how small companies, whose major resource is knowledge, establish strategic alliances and which opportunities it brings. We have increased our understanding for the concept of strategic alliances through empirical search and through well-known scientist work. The method, which has been used in the essay, is principally qualitative interviews and gathering secondary data from articles from well-known authors. Our study has given that we have found that entering strategic alliances can make growth and by that way create competitive advantages for the company in question. We also found that there are risks with strategic alliances and the company can protect themselves by legal actions. The essay has given us a hypothesis "the more important the product is for the value chain fewer activities are needed from the company in the seeking of strategic alliances".


A charge‐exchange neutral particle analyzer for the measurement of the MeV energy range ions produced by nuclear fusion or radio frequency heating has been developed and installed in JT‐60U. Neutral particles entering the analyzer are ionized with a carbon foil of thickness 400 A. The energy and mass of the stripped ions are resolved by magnetic and electrostatic fields (E∥B type). The analyzer has eight CsI(Tl) scintillator detectors. The energy range is 0.5–4 MeV for 4He0, the dynamic range is 4.08 and the energy resolution is 6%–11%. The detection efficiency for 4He0 with energy above 1 MeV is 30%–40%. A pulse height analysis (PHA) with 16 channels was adopted to distinguish particle signals from noise arising from neutrons, γ rays and optical lights emitted by JT‐60U plasmas. The validity of the PHA was confirmed in a calibration experiment using a neutron source and in a high power heating experiment in JT‐60U.


Educational institutions in Indonesia are expected to produce superior human resources and compete to have insight into science and technology. To achieve this expectation, educational institutions should strive and play a role in optimizing and achieving academic excellence, particularly in education, industry relevance, for new knowledge contribution, and for empowerment. Recognizing the importance of the process of improving the quality of human resources, the government, managers of educational institutions, educators and learners in Indonesia are striving to achieve the goals, vision and mission through various activities to build a better quality education through the development of human resources development and improvement of curriculum and evaluation system, improvement of educational facilities, the development and procurement of teaching materials, and training for teachers and education personnel to be more advanced and developed than other countries.


Teaching adjusting technique well depends on consideration of many factors associated with the three domains of learning (cognitive, affective and psychomotor). The psychomotor domain in particular is uniquely important because, like sport, success is dependant on physical performance. It is in the 2nd year technique laboratory at the Anglo-European College of Chiropractic that students are first introduced to the adjustment. Over the course of the last few years teaching strategies have been developed which incorporate some of the tactics used in sports coaching combined with concepts found in literature on psychomotor learning. This paper examines and reports on the strategies which are used in teaching a student the intricacies of performing a spinal adjustment.


Lee Jung-kyu' was born in the checheon rich hypothesis in 1865. Was devoted to passing from a dirt to be young in the past and studied the Lee...


Constructions are analysed of longitudinal profile of sorting humps of German, American and domestic types. Basic principles of their planning are resulted. The necessity of perfection of scientific approach to the calculation of parameters of profile is grounded


The tracheas of 74 children with respiratory disorders were analysed and compared with the tracheas of children with no respiratory symptoms. The test tracheas showed an increase in the size of the lumen and the length of the cartilage and membrane, the increase in the length of membrane being particularly striking. The relation between age at onset and duration of symptoms was uncertain.


The study evaluates the effect of working capital management (WCM) on corporate performance of selected listed firms in Nigeria. The period under review spans from 2001-2010. The two models built specifies Return on Assets (ROA) and Gross Working Capital (GWC) as being explained by the following measures of WCM: Inventory Turnover in Days (ITD), Average Collection Period (ACP), Average Payment Period (APP) and Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC). Following the panel data approach, the findings reveal that WCM have predictive ability on both ROA and GWC; however, none of the measures of WCM has significant influence on GWC while APP and CCC exert significance on ROA. The study identifies that WCM significantly and positively impact on corporate performance through its effect on profitability which represents a standard criterion to appraise the performance of a firm.


Weed eradication is difficult. Managers must operate with limited budgets and search costs can increase as weed density decreases. Even if all plants are successfully removed, a seedbank may persist, leading to future outbreaks. Thus complete eradication is often an unrealistic target and the question becomes one of how much control is enough. The decision of what level of management resources to invest must not rely solely on management costs, but also take into account plant population dynamics in the context of a stochastic environment.


The analysis of multispectral imagery (MSI) acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and mobile near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) used on-site has become increasingly promising for timely assessments of grassland to support farm management. However, a major challenge of these methods is their calibration, given the large spatiotemporal variability of grassland. This study evaluated the performance of two smart farming tools in determining fresh herbage mass and grass quality (dry matter, crude protein, and structural carbohydrates): an analysis model for MSI (GrassQ) and a portable on-site NIRS (HarvestLabTM 3000). We compared them to conventional look-up tables used by farmers. Surveys were undertaken on 18 multi-species grasslands located on six farms in Switzerland throughout the vegetation period in 2018. The sampled plots represented two phenological growth stages, corresponding to an age of two weeks and four to six weeks, respectively. We found that neither the performance of the smart farming tools nor the performance of the conventional approach were satisfactory for use on multi-species grasslands. The MSI-model performed poorly, with relative errors of 99.7% and 33.2% of the laboratory analyses for herbage mass and crude protein, respectively. The errors of the MSI-model were indicated to be mainly caused by grassland and environmental characteristics that differ from the relatively narrow Irish calibration dataset. The On-site NIRS showed comparable performance to the conventional Look-up Tables in determining crude protein and structural carbohydrates (error ≤ 22.2%). However, we identified that the On-site NIRS determined undried herbage quality with a systematic and correctable error. After corrections, its performance was better than the conventional approach, indicating a great potential of the On-site NIRS for decision support on grazing and harvest scheduling.


The Ir@Pt core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized for the first time using successive reduction method based on epitaxial growth. The Ir@Pt/SiO2 catalysts with core-shell structure were used as three-way catalysts, which exhibited high catalytic activity of NOx reduction in three-way catalytic reaction.


Introduction The phenomena of lightand elevated temperature-induced degradation (LeTID) was first coined by Kersten et al. to describe a degradation mechism observed in multicrystalline silicon passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) solar cell structures by Ramspeck et al. [1,2]. Although the exact root cause and mechanics behind the degradation is still a topic of heavy debate, there has been increasing evidence to suggest the involvement of hydrogen [3,4]. One peculiar behaviour pertaining to LeTID is that such phenomena was not observed in historical devices such as the aluminium back-surface field (Al-BSF) solar cell. Although it has been postulated that the reason for such degradation in PERC structures is the increase in hydrogen introduced from the additional rear-side aluminium oxide (AlOx:H) and silicon nitride (SiNx:H) films [5], little effort has been put into understanding the impact of the aluminium rearcontact. Aluminium is well known for its ability to getter and segregate defects and bulk impurities [6] and should, in a similar fashion facilitate the removal of interstitial hydrogen from the bulk. Terry et al. in [7] showed a segregation of hydrogen into aluminium crystallized silicon through the use of SIMS measurements. In this work, we investigate the impact of the aluminium rear-contact in PERC structures during metallization fast-firing on subsequent formation of LeTID. We observe a direct correlation between the rear-aluminium contact area, as facilitated through dielectric openings, with the LeTID extent. Samples containing a higher density of PERC contact openings were observed to show reduced LeTID related defect concentrations.


Battery discharge and defense process of the invention charges the threshold (Threshold) of the slip (Slip) when SOC (State Of Charge) of the battery 20-1 of the hybrid vehicle engine clutch 400 while driving a backing (100) is considered and is controlled from the back panel to the slip (slip) to the filling threshold (threshold), the controller (1) so that the discharge of the battery (20-1) in the reserve torque control of the engine 200 when the SOC smaller than defense , in particular, engine slip of the clutch (400) (slip) wherein the controller (1) is applied to a hybrid vehicle 100 to operate the mountainous terrain to repeatedly go stand caused the SOC of the battery 20-1 is always a certain amount or more by defending a reserve torque control so as not to lower the implement the characteristics hybrid vehicle 100 it does not fall in the running.


An explosive seismic refraction experiment using four ocean bottom hydrophone receivers was carried out along a 120-km-long section of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) median valley at latitude 23°N immediately south of its intersection with the Kane Fracture Zone. The data are interpreted in terms of laterally homogeneous horizontally layered structures using travel time inversion and synthetic seismogram modeling techniques. These solutions are combined using two-dimensional ray tracing to produce a single model defining the major along-axis structural changes occurring beneath this section of the median valley. With the exception of slightly low layer 3 velocities, the crust beneath several tens of kilometers of the MAR median valley has all the characteristics of simple, mature ocean crust including a well-defined Moho transition zone, ∼8 km/s upper mantle velocities, and a total crustal thickness of 6–7 km. No evidence is found for the presence of a steady state axial magma chamber in the crust or upper mantle, and the excellent propagation characteristics and orderly amplitude versus range relationships imply the existence of a considerable degree of lateral homogeneity beneath the median valley over distances of several tens of kilometers along-axis. We infer from these observations that the basic seismic characteristics of the ocean crust are "frozen-in" in a time period less than that separating the major volcanic injection events (10,000–50,000 years) by hydrothermal circulation penetrating to the base of the crust. Along the 100-km-long ridge segment studied here, two major along-axis structural changes occur. The first is a 10- to 15-km-wide (along-axis) zone of lowered velocities in the lower crust centered beneath a major along-axis topographic high. This is interpreted to be the remnants of the most recent phase of injection that has temporarily left behind it a region of elevated temperatures and pervasive cracking and thus reduced velocities. The second occurs abruptly at latitude 23°15′N and is accompanied by both a major change in rift valley and crestal mountain morphology and the apparent noncoincidence of the median valley and central magnetic anomaly. North of this boundary the ∼30-km-long ridge segment that abuts the Kane Fracture Zone has a crustal thickness of 4–5 km and no distinctive layering to produce the characteristic amplitude patterns that typify mature oceanic crust. Interpretation of the cause of this structural change is uncertain but may be related to local tectonic events, perhaps a recent 10- to 20-km ridge jump to the east.


Plant remains of Fedekurtzia argentina (Kurtz) Archangelsky 1981 and associated fructifications from sediments belonging to the Agua Colorada and Tupe formations (Upper Carboniferous), Paganzo Basin, Northwest Argentina are described. New descriptions of fronds, venation pattems and closely associated possible pollen organs and seed-bearing units enlarge the knowledge on the genus Fedekurtzia. Finally, the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of F. argentina are summarized.