This study aims at finding out the opinion of the Employees with respect to the transparency and planning in the Hotel. The hospitality industry is surrounded by the complexity of ensuring positive guest experiences, which forces Management to identify new ways of managing relationships with employees and guests. Healthy relations in an organization are an outcome of developing trust and confidence amongst stakeholders which stimulates positive behavior all around. In more than one study employees have indicated transparency as number one reason for determining the workplace happiness. It is correct that the transparency develops trust which ensures a good health of every relationship under the sun. Planning is key for the success of any organisation. Hospitality industry thrives majorly on planning. From Budget Planning, Menu Planning, Human Resource Planning, Material Planning, Expenditure/Cost Planning, Sales & Marketing Planning etc all are aimed at maintaining financial health of the Hotel which also caters to the need of the customer (Internal & External). The study used descriptive quantitative approaches.Employees numbering 137 were administered questionnaires in five-star hotels of Delhi NCR in order to understand their opinion on transparency and planning at their work place. The results of the study demonstrate the outcome of transparency and planning in the hotel and clearly suggests that transparency and planning for both at the same time help hotels to think transparently and plan strategically for growth and development of the Hotel & Stakeholders. Index Terms Opinion, Transparent, Planning, Trust, Hotel, Staff and Senior Staff Level. Introduction: Employees produce the desired results when his/her employer are transparent in all aspects and are great at the planning stage. One of the key objectives of the employees in the hotel is to maintain customer satisfaction which can be achieved through employee satisfaction. Authors Heskett et al. (1994) recommended their service profit chain, which explains that profit and growth are the outcome of customer loyalty as a result of customer satisfaction. Furthermore satisfaction is influenced by the value of services, which is created by satisfied, loyal and productive employees. Employee satisfaction, in turn, results primarily from high-quality support services and policies that enable employees to deliver results to customers" (Heskett, et al., 1994, pp. 164165).Transparency in the organizational practices makes employees satisfied, loyal and productive. Meaning of Transparency with respect to the Employee: As per the Cambridge Dictionary 'the characteristic of being easy to see through'. Meaning of Transparency in Business English is 'a situation in which business and financial activities are done in an open way without secrets, so that people can trust that they are fair and honest' .Transparency, in a business or Governance context is honesty and openness. In general, Transparency is the quality of being easily seen through. Andrew K. Schnackenberg Case Western Reserve University, Edward C. Tomlinson West Virginia University, Transparency is often cited as essential to the trust stakeholders place in organizations. Transparency is all about the transparency of a process, situation, or statement which is easily understood or recognized. As per the experience one has observed that there is no magical solution for success or nobody has a magic wand in his / her hand to turn around things without putting efforts' proactively by being candid and transparent. Hospitality industry has over a period of time evolved & survived well. The Hotel Industry have found its secret ingredient of success in Transparency with the Employees & Customers alike .The Transparency has become primordial in © 2019 June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR2002214 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 92 the light of many expectations of Internal & External customer who wants to have at all times a clear information. Transparency is often invoked as a salve for the many maladies that accompany distressed relationships between an organization and its stakeholders through its presumed ability to reestablish stakeholder trust in the firm (e.g., Fombrun & Rindova, 2000; Tapscott & Ticoll, 2003; Jahansoozi, 2006; Bennis, Goleman, & O'Toole, 2008; Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardner, Wernsing, & Peterson, 2008). We see that the evolution of Hotel Industry is in full swing. The products & Services are being developed to surpass customer (Internal & External) expectation. The flow of expectation of a customer is more unstable and everyone from industry has to view things with the perspective of transparent approach. Transparency is an apt word for ensuring that every employee feels satisfied with what has been assured/ expected of him. Transparency is often cited as essential to the trust stakeholders place in Organization. Creating a motivating, nurturing, and transparent organizational environment contribute to employee engagement and trust. HuaJiang,Yi Luo (2018) "Crafting employee trust: from authenticity, transparency to engagement",vol.22issue:2,pp.138160,https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-07-2016-0055. In any Organization, transparency is often evoked to provide soothing effect in distressed relationship. (e.g., Fombrun & Rindova, 2000; Jahansoozi,2006; Tapscott & Ticoll, 2003; Bennis, Goleman, & O'Toole, 2008; Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardner, Wernsing, & Peterson, 2008).Researchers who have talked about the Transparency concept in Organisation-Stakeholder relationship have consistently stated its role in creating, maintaining or repairing trust either openly (Akkermans, Bogerd, & van Doremalen, 2004; Fleischmann & Wallace,2005; Rawlins, 2008; Pirson & Malhotra, 2011) or implicitly (e.g., transparency in financial markets is important for enabling trust in the market system, even if the term trust was not mentioned directly; Bushman, Piotroski,& Smith, 2004; Perotti & von Thadden, 2005; Bansal & Kistruck, 2006; Bhat, Hope, & Kang, 2006; Leuz & Oberholzer-Gee, 2006). In the past few years, organization scientists have offered a number of definitions of transparency, with different specificity. Overall, information systems researchers have investigated transparency in the context of business to consumer relationships and digital markets (e.g., Zhu 2004; Granados,Gupta, & Kauffman, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010); organizational behavior researchers have explored transparency in the context of organizational trust development, organizational identity, perceptions of leadership, and organizational culture (e.g., Fombrun & Rindova, 2000; Clair, Beatty, & MacLean, 2005; Kaptein, 2008; Pirson & Malhotra, 2011; Walumbwa, Luthans, Avey, & Oke, 2011); researchers of finance and accounting have examined transparency in the context of financial markets, corporate disclosures, and monetary policy decision making (e.g., Winkler, 2000; Bushman et al., 2004; Madhavan, Porter, & Weaver, 2005;), marketing researchers have studied transparency using related terms, such as product disclosure, in the context of consumer responses to nutrient and drug risk information (e.g., Cox, Cox, & Mantel, 2010; Howlett, Burton, Bates, & Huggins, 2009) Meaning of Transparency with respect to the Employer: Across all sectors, transparency has never been more important to a successful business model, regardless of company size. From the stage of selection / hiring and chalking out growth plan of employee, transparent terms & conditions, policies has played a significant role When it comes to employee engagement, transparency at work place has also proven to be essential. According to the Chen et al, (2010) ,employee satisfaction may arise from many sources of positive HR practices such as quality of supervision, social relationships, and the amount of support employees get at their workplace. Polls conducted in the year 2015 for the best place to work across companies, the top employee engagement drivers were: I trust the leaders of this organization to set the right course.  I believe this organization will be successful in the future.  I trust the senior leadership team to lead the company to future success. Quantum Workplace 2015 Employee Engagement Trends Report © 2019 June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR2002214 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 93 During the course of manpower selection, right person for a right place has always given fruitful dividends. Involvement of team members during the course of identifying the right person inculcates a feeling of ownership. It is at this stage the shortlisted and selected candidate reposes confidence in the system & procedure of selection criterion. It is in-fact the transparent selection procedure which sows the seed of trust and confidence that goes a long way Trust in management and in the future of the company is a key component of employee engagement. It is imperative for the management to communicate any changes in the Vision and Values of the organisation. For a transparent approach and to win the heart of employees it is good to involve employees at. every step. As per Peter Grazier Teambuilders.com , 'everyone has something to contribute, and will, if the environment is right'. Management is keeping employees informed so much so, the financial data is being shared with the employees which is a radical step towards transparent approach; in fact this is termed as a smart business practice. Employees are far more committed and motivated to fulfill the company's objective when they have a clear outline of the performance expected and delivered. When employee knows how each contribution impacts the final outcome, he ensures his best performance and feels motivated to go extra mile. All this happens in the event of Management being open to the employees.


Bilinguals may be able to retain similar levels of cognitive functioning given age and/or Alzheimer's Disease-related neurodegeneration, compared to monolinguals. Many studies have yielded equivocal findings that may be explained by within-group differences among bilinguals, such as frequency of language use. The current study aimed to clarify the role of frequency of bilingual language use (i.e., active versus passive) in the association of brain structure and memory. We hypothesized that active bilinguals would demonstrate better memory performance compared to passive bilinguals and monolinguals, and that active bilingualism would buffer the effects of temporal lobe integrity on memory.

 In a longitudinal aging study, 217 older Hispanic adults (Age M = 74 years, SD = 6; 70% women) underwent neuropsychological evaluation and 1.5T MR imaging. Bilingualism was determined by self-reported use of English and Spanish. Active bilinguals reported using both languages daily. Multiple regression tested main effects and interactions of bilingualism and entorhinal cortical thickness on semantic and episodic memory, adjusted for age, sex/gender, and education.

 Bilingualism was associated with better semantic memory(F[2,209] = 6.25, p = .002) but not with episodic memory(F[2,209)] = 0.34, p = .71). There was a significant bilingualism X entorhinal cortical thickness interaction on semantic memory (β = -.26, p = .02), indicating that active bilinguals were better able to maintain cognitive functioning with lower cortical thickness, compared to passive bilinguals and monolinguals.

 Active bilingualism may protect semantic memory against cortical thinning of the entorhinal cortex. Future studies will explore whether this relationship remains after accounting for additional environmental and sociocultural factors (e.g., immigrant status) that influence the ability or opportunity to become bilingual, and whether active bilingualism affects cognitive trajectory in late life.


Biomass power generation is the next essential part of green power generation, and in the future its proportion of the power industry will be bigger and bigger. Concomitant with the biomass power generation is producing a large amount of mainly hydrogen sulfide gas. Selecting hydrogen sulfide as a research object which is the main odor pollutant, the management of odor gas hydrogen sulfide was investigated by using the combined process Bio-Trickling reactor in this paper. Meanwhile, diverse factors which might influence the operation of bio-trickling reactor were inspected and the reacting mechanism of biological deodorization was analyzed as well. Technical route in this paper would provide new methods and thinking for management of pollution composed of multicomponent gases which is represented for odor waste gas. Similarly, research conclusions would offer basic data and reference for further application study.


Introduction We have developed the imaging XAFS measurement system by using a direct X-ray CCD camera. It has some remarkable advantages as follows, (1) position sensitivity (2) quick measurement around several minutes (3) high compatibility with the normal XAFS work (4) easy to handle output video file . In this method, there are some limitations such as 8-bit gray scale problem. Information obtained from the imaging XAFS is valuable, though it is thought to be unsatisfactory as a tool of precise structural analysis. In the present study, we reported the imaging XAFS result of very small amount of uranium oxide.


Organizational citizenship behavior is a new concept in organizational performance and indeed an effective element in measuring it. It includes volunteer relations between employees which help make organizations more effective. The objective of this book is to contribute to the growing number of international studies on organizational citizenship behavior by identifying variables which determine organizational citizenship behavior by taking into account the roles played by national culture, organizational hierarchy and job satisfaction.


A flexible beam undergoing large overall motions produces curved and twisted deformations.These deformations contribute to the second-order coupling terms of deformation in longitudinal and lateral displacement.Considering the second-order coupling terms of longitudinal deformation,an one-order coupling dynamic model can be obtained.In this paper,based on a geometrically exact nonlinear theory for curved and twisted flexible beam,the longitudinal extension,lateral and transversal deflections are taken into account to derive three-dimensional deformations.An elastic rotation matrix is employed to get the fully nonlinear model and then,the dynamic model and formulations can been implemented by modal function and Lagrange's equation.The new model includes more coupling terms.Then a rotating cantilever beam in three-dimensional space is investigated through numerical simulation.The simulation results of new model are different to one-order coupling dynamic model,when the beam is undergoing overall motions.The numerical comparison illustrates that the coupling terms can not be ignored,especially,when the spectrum of motion is increased.


Given a simplicial complex $K$ and an injective function $f$ from the vertices of $K$ to $\mathbb{R}$, we consider algorithms that extend $f$ to a discrete Morse function on $K$. We show that an algorithm of King, Knudson and Mramor can be described on the directed Hasse diagram of $K$. Our description has a faster runtime for high dimensional data with no increase in space.


We present a model study of magnetoresistance through the interplay of magnetisation, structural distortion and external magnetic field for the manganite systems. The manganite system is described by the Hamiltonian which consists of the s–d type double exchange interaction, Heisenberg spin–spin interaction among the core electrons, and the static and dynamic band Jahn–Teller (JT) interaction in the eg band. The relaxation time of the eg electron is found from the imaginary part of the Green's function using the total Hamiltonian consisting of the interactions due to the electron and phonon. The calculated resistivity exhibits a peak in the pure JT distorted insulating phase separating the low temperature metallic ferromagnetic phase and the high temperature paramagnetic phase. The resistivity is suppressed with the increase of the external magnetic field. The eg electron band splitting and its effect on magnetoresistivity is reported here.


An explicit description of all Walsh polynomials generating tight wavelet frames is given. An algorithm for finding the corresponding wavelet functions is suggested, and a general form for all wavelet frames generated by an appropriate Walsh polynomial is described. Approximation properties of tight wavelet frames are also studied. In contrast to the real setting, it appeared that a wavelet tight frame decomposition has an arbitrary large approximation order whenever all wavelet functions are compactly supported.


In this article, based on a lecture delivered as the inaugural Peter Willoughby Memorial Lecture, the author, a former Permanent Judge and now Non-Permanent Judge of Hong Kong's Court of Final Appeal, ruminates on the age-old legal judicial tension between deciding cases according to the judge's conscience or individual sense of justice, and deciding them according to established principle. Using as the basis of his discussion the recent decision of the Privy Council in Union Eagle Ltd v Golden Achievement Ltd, a case concerning a late payment in a land transaction, the author warns of the dangers of the former approach. The author concludes that decisions made according to established principle can also be common sense decisions.


This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant classic Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-cKp) and carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKp) isolates in southwestern Iran. From 2019 to 2021, 136 (88.9%) cKp and 17 (11.1%) hvKp isolates were identified using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic resistance, beta-lactamases, and clonal relatedness of carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated using disk diffusion, PCR, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR), respectively. The different markers of hvKp isolates were as follows: string test (35.3%, n = 6/17), magA (11.8%, n = 2/17), rmpA (11.8%, n = 2/17), rmpA2 (52.9%, n = 9/17), iucA (52.9%, n = 9/17), and peg344 (35.3%, n = 6/17). Also, 55.1% (n = 75/136) of cKp and 47.1% (n = 8/17) of hvKp isolates were CR-cKp and CR-hvKp, respectively. All CR-hvKp (100.0%, n = 8) isolates were MDR. Colistin, tetracycline, and tigecycline were the most effective antibiotics. The occurrence of beta-lactamase genes in 75 CR-cKp and 8 CR-hvKp isolates was as follows: blaNDM (41.3, 25.0%), blaIMP (4.0, 0.0%), blaVIM (8.0, 0.0%), blaGES (14.7, 25.0%), blaOXA–48–like (20.0, 0.0%), blaCTX–M (26.7, 12.5%), blaSHV (24.0, 12.5%), blaTEM (10.7, 0.0%), blaFOX (6.7, 0.0%), blaDHA (6.7, 0.0%), blaCMY (5.3, 0.0%), blaLAT (12.0, 0.0%), and blaACT (8.0, 0.0%). ERIC-PCR showed a high diversity among isolates. In this study, the occurrence of MDR CR-hvKp isolates harboring blaNDM and blaGES was detected for the first time in southwestern Iran. To prevent the spread of CR-hvKp and reduce selection pressure, long-term surveillance and more effective treatment strategies should be implemented.


The proteolytic enzyme chymosin (EC 3 .4.23.4) is produced in the abomasum of the pre-ruminant calf, and is the active component of rennet used to coagulate milk in cheesemaking. Extensive characterization of the enzyme and its zymogen prochymosin has been carried out, principally by Foltmann (1966). Three chromatographically distinct forms of chymosin (A, B and C) are present in extracts of mixed animal origin. Of these, chymosin A and B have corresponding zymogens and similar primary structures and are thought to be genetic variants. Chymosin C, for which no separate zymogen is known, is thought to be at least in part an artifact derived by autolysis of chymosin A (Foltmann et al. 1977). Hybridization experiments conducted with bovine genomic DNA using chymosin cDNA as probe indicated the existence of a single gene locus, leading to the conclusion that chymosin A and B must be allelic forms rather than products of a multigene family (Moir et al. 1982). The existence, however, of individual calf variants has not been reported, and all previous studies of the enzyme have been carried out on protein of mixed animal origin. In a preliminary study (Donnelly et al. 1984) we described the extraction of chymosin from four single stomachs, each of which contained two chromatographically distinct forms of the enzyme. We now report the identification of a chymosin/prochymosin variant, which differs from the A and B forms and apparently represents a third allele of the chymosin gene.


This paper analyses some drawbacks during the designing of machining center,using TRIZ theory to analyze and solve these problems,to make the design of machining center more comfortable and meet the requirement of humanization design.


This tutorial will discuss vulnerabilities of collaborative recommendation algorithms: attacks that can be mounted against them and possible defenses that can be used. The tutorial will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the area of collaborative recommendation.


In this paper, we propose content adaptation for visual impairments in MPEG-21. The proposed content adaptation aims to give enhanced visual accessibility to users with visual impairment in MPEG-21. In this paper, we consider two major visual impairments: low vision impairment and color vision deficiency. The proposed method includes description for the visual impairments and content adaptation technique based on it. We have developed a symptom-based description of visual impairment characteristics for users with visual impairment in the context of MPEG-21 digital item adaptation (DIA). To verify usefulness of the proposed method, we performed some experiments with the content adaptation based on the description in MPEG-21. The experiment results showed that the proposed method is effective content adaptation for user with visual impairment and gives enhanced visual accessibility to them.


We describe a framework for controlling a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) flying in close formation. We first present a nonlinear dynamical model which includes the induced rolling moment by the lead aircraft on the wing of the following aircraft. Then, we outline two methods for trajectory generation of the leading aircraft, based on interpolation techniques on the Euclidean group, SE(3). Two formation controllers that allow each aircraft to maintain its position and orientation with respect to neighboring UAVs are derived using input-output feedback linearization. Numerical simulations illustrate the application of these ideas and demonstrate the validity of the proposed framework.


This textbook on nutrition and metabolism covers macronutrient aspects of nutrition in an integrated fashion. Thus, rather than considering the macronutrients separately, this book brings together information on macronutrients and energy in relation to specific states or topics (e.g. undernutrition, overnutrition, cardiovascular disease). Before considering these topics in detail it is necessary to outline the core concepts that underlie nutritional metabolism. The core concepts to be covered in this chapter are nutrient balance, turnover and flux, metabolic pools, and adaptation to altered nutrient supply.


Abstract The relative toxicity of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) on the growth performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was measured. Lead and Zn resulted in an increase in dry matter production at the lower additions. All the Cd and the higher Pb and Zn additions resulted in significant decreases in growth over the controls, the roots showing a greater decrease in dry matter accumulation than did shoots. Roots accumulated higher amounts of Cd, Pb, and Zn in direct proportion to that soil‐applied. A significant inverse relationship between relative yield and tissue element concentration was observed. Toxicity occurred in the following order: Cd > Pb > Zn. Threshold concentration, critical tissue concentrations, and loading rates to produce a 10% yield reduction were also calculated. Our study indicates the possibility of estimating barley yield based on plant tissue Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations.


THE AIM OF ARTERIAL ROADS (ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ROADS) IS TO EXTEND THE ROAD NETWORK TO A ZONE DEPRIVED OF TRANSPORT FACILITIES, AND TO BRING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES TO THE REGION. AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO DEFINE A COMMON MEASUREMENT UNIT FOR THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THIS TYPE OF ROAD. AN EXAMPLE IS GIVEN OF A PROJECT OF THIS KIND COMPLETED IN MADAGASCAR. THE CONCLUSIONS REACHED ARE THAT: (1) THE DETERMINATION OF THE TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROPOSED ARTERIAL ROAD MUST BE BASED ON EVALUATION OF FUTURE TRAFFIC, AND (2) THE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ROADS IS THE SAME IF THE NATURAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT IS THE SAME. PRESENT EVALUATION METHODS ARE INACCURATE IF THE ENVIRONMENT IS DIFFERENT.


To investigate the relationship between prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level and Gleason sum, and its impact on biochemical failure (persistent PSA level of >0.2 ng/mL) after radical prostatectomy (RP), as the PSA, Gleason sum and clinical stage are commonly used preoperative predictors of outcome in men with localized prostate cancer.


The tremendous flood damage caused by Typhoon Rusa(2002) was occurred at GangNeung City in GangWon Province. Almost of the city region was inundated and most of the stream channel facilities were damaged by flash flood with heavy rainfalls. We have investigated seriously damaged parts of stream bank and tried to analyze the causes of damages focused on flow characteristics in curved channel. We analyzed the damage aspects of curved channel by examining geomorphological survey and hydrographical characteristics. Strong correlation was shown according to the regression analysis between length of stream and meander wave length, and meander belt and length of stream. Furthermore, enveloped curve was presented between bottom slope of channel and meander belt, and meander ratio and channel width. As a result, special consideration about stream flow characteristics are needed for engineers who design stream banks and channels.


The group of shells figured on Plate VIII. (excepting Fig. 12, whose position is doubtful) constitute a natural section of turbinate or trochiform species, which should be classed under one and the same genus, or at most only separated subgenerically. They are characterized, for the most part, by a conical spire, having a rather wide angle; are few whorled, separated by a widish suture, and imperforate. The sculpture is rich, consisting of spiral bands of more or less prominence, which sometimes constitute varices, single or double, as the case may be. These spiral bands are usually granulated or tuberculated, and are continued into the base of the shell, which is convex and much produced. Between these spiral bands is a fine system of axial (radial) lines or striæ, sometimes bifid, and probably forming crenulations in connection with the more prominent spiral ornaments.


The innate immune response is an important component of wound healing, but must be negatively regulated to prevent continuous reaction to a one-time injury. Death Associated Protein Kinase (DAP Kinase) has been shown to negatively regulate this response in C. elegans by acting upstream of the TIR-1/p38 MAP Kinase cascade controlling the neuropeptidelike antimicrobial peptides. We show in our experiments that DAP Kinase acts upstream of the Protein Kinase C TPA-1, and downstream of the G[alpha] subunit GPA -12 to regulate not only this pathway but a second TGF- [Beta] pathway controlling the caenacin antimicrobial peptides as well. Our results also suggest that the worm can compensate for the loss of components in its innate immune response pathways, both with the activity of parallel pathways and with redundant components within a pathway. dapk-1(ju4) morphological defects were previously found to be suppressed by the sydn-1(ju541) mutation. We show that DAP Kinase and SYDN-1 interact autonomously in the epidermis, and that DAPK possibly regulates SYDN-1's role in mRNA 3' end processing. Finally, we mapped two novel suppressors of dapk-1(ju4) defects, ju697 and ju698, to chromosome I and chromosome X respectively. We predict that these mutations are most likely in the genes dhc-1, which encodes a dynein heavy chain homolog, and pqn-34, which encodes a microtubule minus-end binding protein, known to promote microtubule stability and anchoring in other species. Our results hint at previously unknown roles for DAP Kinase, including involvement in mRNA 3' end processing and microtubule dynamics in the worm


Spectrum absorption and luminescence methods were used to investigate the peculiarities of optical properties of compound material consisting of nanoporous silica with impregnated gold nanoparticles soaked in rhodamine 6G ethanol solution. One possible explanation for the phenomenon of increasing of absorption near plasmon resonance frequency and rhodamine 6G absorption band is given.


The incremental redundancy hybrid ARQ (IR-HARQ) schemes based on finite-length LDPC codes are considered in this paper. The transmission is assumed to take place over time varying binary erasure channels, such as mobile wireless channels at the applications layer for instance. Also, the iterative decoding is supposed. Two following issues are addressed: a) establishment of transmission rules for the m-th transmission after m−1 unsuccessful ones; b) approximation of the throughput and delay performance which would be accurate for finite codelengths, down to several hundreds of bits.


Victoria's rural arterial road network strategy (Linking Victoria, released in 1996) provides a framework for VicRoads to develop effectively targeted programs for improving the rural arterial road system in ways that meet the needs and expectations of the community. It is designed to provide a rural road system which is relevant to user needs and is affordable. The focus of Linking Victoria is the broad management of the 19,000 km of rural arterial roads by VicRoads for the Victorian and Federal governments. The objectives are to balance the economic, social and environmental expectations of the stakeholders who rely on the road network for access, and the community in general. A program of studies has commenced to prepare highway corridor strategies for all major highway routes. Linking Victoria sets, through its seven strategy elements, the function of each route and the appropriate performance standards. These highway corridor strategies are a greater level of detail than Linking Victoria. Their purpose is to establish, for the 10 to 15 year study period, the future travel demand, the needs and priorities for significant improvements, and the planning activities required to protect future transport options and achieve required access controls. They indicate the role of the route, the current and projected demand for travel, the particular user needs along the route, and the current condition, and identify the works necessary to bring each corridor up to the Linking Victoria performance standards. Priorities are established for actions in each corridor that provide a plan for the management of the route. The paper provides an overview of the development of Linking Victoria and discusses the methodology, consultation, project identification and priority setting behind the development of the highway corridor strategies. VicRoads has produced several of these strategies and has about twenty in various stages of production. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. E200069.


Combining the existing information,through the basic geological survey and laboratory analysis of the mining area,the paper has analyzed the regional geology,geological characteristic and genesis of Yinshenping barite ore.It viewed preliminary that the barite deposits is the products that a late hydrothermal filled in the second one off and the cracks,and it is a single type of metal sulfides-barite ore.The scope is of a prospecting ore.According to the vein occurrence,distribution pattens and metallogenic characteristics,it proposed the idea that prospecting with ore spot as the center to the periphery.


Topological indices (TIs) assign a numeric value to a graph or a molecular structure. Due to their ability to predict the physiochemical properties of a molecular graph, several TIs have been introduced and studied, mainly based on degree and distance. For a vertex

 v

 , the maximum distance of

 v

 from any other vertex in a graph

 G

 is called the eccentricity of

 v

 , which is denoted by

 σ

 v

 , in

 G

 . The eccentricity of vertices gained special attention among the distance-based or degree-distance based TIs. An important TI in the class of eccentricity-dependent TIs is an eccentricity-entropy index. Furthermore, other eccentricity-dependent TIs such as eccentric-connectivity index, total-eccentricity index, and the first Zagreb index have also been extensively studied. On the other hand, dendrimers came out as unique polymeric macromolecules because of extensively branched three-dimensional architectural characteristics. This structure design prepares for various unique properties of dendrimers, including monodispersity, multivalency, uniform size, globular shape, water solubility with hydrophobic internal cavities, and a high degree of branching. These properties make them attractive candidates for different applications. PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimers are promising polymers that can be successfully used in various biomedical applications. The PAMAM dendrimers having different structures such as a primary amine as the end group or porphyrin core have been studied through graph-theoretic parameters. This paper studies these two types of PAMAM dendrimers through eccentricity-dependent parameters. In particular, we establish formulae of eccentricity entropy for two types of PAMAM dendrimers. Moreover, we also derive analytic formulae of some other significant TIs from the class of eccentricity-dependent TIs. Furthermore, we apply graphical tools to demonstrate the trends of the values in the obtained results.


The polarization of photons emitted from radiative recombination of bare ions with free electrons is discussed in the nonrelativistic dipole approximation in the low-relative-energy limit. Within this approach an analytical expression is derived for the degree of polarization of photons from radiative recombination of ions with fixed-energy electrons for an arbitrary (n, l) state. For a relative-velocity distribution of the electron beam, characterized by the longitudinal kT ∥ and transverse kT ⊥ electron-beam temperatures, we found also analytical forms for the polarization rates


Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), such as polymyxins are used as a last-line defense in treatment of many bacterial infections. However, some bacteria have developed resistance mechanisms to survive these compounds. Current pandemic O1 Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor is resistant to polymyxins, whereas previous pandemic strain of the classical biotype is polymyxin sensitive. The almEFG operon found in El Tor V. cholerae confers >100-fold resistance to antimicrobial peptides through aminoacylation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), expected to decrease the negatively charged surface of the V. cholerae outer membrane. This gram-negative system bears striking resemblance to a related gram-positive cell-wall remodeling strategy that also promotes CAMP resistance. Mutants defective in AlmEFG dependent LPS modification exhibit reduced fitness in vivo. Here, we present investigation of AlmG, the hitherto uncharacterized member of the AlmEFG pathway. Evidence for AlmG glycyl to lipid substrate transferase activity is demonstrated in vivo by heterologous expression of V. cholerae pathway enzymes in a specially engineered E. coli strain. Development of a minimal Kdo-lipid A domain in E. coli was necessary to facilitate chemical structure analysis, and to produce a mimetic Kdo-lipid A domain AlmG substrate to that synthesized by V. cholerae. Our biochemical studies support a uniquely nuanced pathway of gram-negative CAMPs resistance and provide a more detailed description of an enzyme of the pharmacologically relevant lysophosphospholipid acyltransferase (LPLAT) superfamily. The lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPLAT) superfamily is a massive collection of enzymes present throughout all domains of life, where most genomes encode multiple superfamily homologs. Foundational LPLAT enzymes generally catalyze transfer of acyl groups from donor molecules, like carrier proteins or coenzyme A, onto acceptor lipids, such as lysoglycerophospholipids or lipid A, or glycerophospholipid precursors, such as dihydroxyacetonephosphateor glycerophosphate. Research on bacterial LPLATs has not only shown their impact on the chemical composition of membrane lipids, and how variation in composition contributes to organismal fitness, but has also demonstrated how specific environmental factors trigger remodeling of bacterial membranes through sensory pathways that coordinate regulation of LPLAT activities (1–3). Lipid A biosynthesis late acyltransferases (LABLAT) comprise a characteristic subgroup within the LPLAT superfamily, and participate in secondary acylation of bacterial ketodeoxyoctulosonate (Kdo)-lipid A domains during http://www.jbc.org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.RA117.000131 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on November 3, 2017 as Manuscript RA117.000131 Copyright 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. by gest on N ovem er 5, 2017 hp://w w w .jb.org/ D ow nladed from Glycine-transferase AlmG promotes polymyxin resistance 2 final steps of canonical biosynthesis. Biochemical characterization of LABLAT members was first performed with source material from E. coli, where secondary acyltransferases esterify acyl groups to primary hydroxylacyl chains of nascently synthesized Kdo2-lipid IVA (4, 5). In E. coli these activities are encoded by lpxL or lpxM (Fig. 1A), which transfer lauroyl (C12:0, 12 carbons) or myristoyl (C14:0, 14 carbons) fatty acids from acyl carrier proteins to hydroxylacyl fatty acids at the 2′ and 3′ positions of the Kdolipid A di-glucosamine backbone, respectively (4, 5). Subsequent investigations of LABLAT homologs across numerous bacterial species show nuanced heterogeneity in acyl chain selectivity and variance in positional specificity in hydrocarbon transfer to target substrates (6–9). LpxN is a recently described member of the LABLAT subgroup found in the human intestinal pathogen Vibrio cholerae (Fig. 1B), which annually infects millions of people around the world especially in Southeast Asia and SubSaharan Africa (10, 11). Subsequent elucidation of LpxN activity showed it transfers a 3hydroxylaurate residue to the primary 3′ hydroxylacyl chain of V. cholerae Kdo-lipid A domains (10). LpxN deletion mutants are sensitive to polymyxin B by >100 fold relative to wild-type, current pandemic V. cholerae El Tor strains (10, 11). Inactivating mutants of distantly related LABLAT members from other organisms such as Klebsiella, Escherichia, Salmonella, and Acenitobacter also display sensitivity to CAMPs (9, 10, 12, 13). Yet not to the same degree as LpxN inactivation, which produces an order of magnitude more sensitivity to CAMPS (10, 11). Mass spectrometric structural analysis of Kdo-lipid A domains isolated from V. cholerae biotype El Tor showed evidence for attachment of glycine or diglycine residues to the 3-hydroxyl of LpxN transferred 3-hydroxylauryl groups (14). A multi-protein pathway, AlmEFG (Fig. 1B), was identified as responsible for the observed Kdolipid A glycine modification. Discovery of the AlmEFG pathway resolved a decades long mystery in clinical surveillance of V. cholerae, as to why current pandemic biotype El Tor is resistant to polymyxin B, but previous pandemic biotype Classical is sensitive. Classical strains lack a functional AlmEFG pathway, due to an inactivating mutation in AlmF (Vc1578; Fig. 1), later determined to be a glycine-carrier protein (15). Further biochemical characterization of AlmE (Vc1579), a dual aminoacyladenyltransferase/ carrier protein ligase, implicated its role in transfer of an activated glycine to the phosphopantehtheinyl prosthetic group of holo-AlmF carrier molecules (15). AlmEFG glycine modification to V. cholerae surface lipids revealed an emergent paradigm in membrane remodeling between gram-negatives and gram-positives with respect to CAMPs defense, as gram-positives similarly decorate their surface teichoic acids with aminoacyl groups (14– 16). In this report the biochemistry of a distant LABLAT homolog, AlmG (Vc1577) is explored, providing evidence to support its hitherto putative role as a glycyl-transferase in the AlmEFG pathway. Evidence for AlmG glycyl to lipid substrate transferase activity is demonstrated in vivo by heterologous expression of V. cholerae pathway enzymes in a specially engineered E. coli strain. Development of a minimal Kdo-lipid A domain in E. coli was necessary to facilitate chemical structure analysis, and to produce a mimetic Kdo-lipid A domain AlmG substrate to that synthesized by V. cholerae. With this report AlmG becomes the only characterized aminoacyl transferase in the LPLAT superfamily. Further mutational analysis of putative catalytic residues reveals an active site unique to AlmG, which indicates a chemical mechanism that may be distinct from other characterized LABLAT subgroup and LPLAT superfamily members. RESULTS Rationale, genetic construction and LPS analysis of E. coli that produce simplified Kdo-lipid A domains---It remained possible that AlmG might require idiosyncratic features of the Kdo-lipid A domain biosynthesized by V. cholerae, similar to the specific requirement of V. cholerae LpxL for a phosphorylated Kdo domain (17). To better by gest on N ovem er 5, 2017 hp://w w w .jb.org/ D ow nladed from Glycine-transferase AlmG promotes polymyxin resistance 3 investigate AlmG activity and any potential substrate requirements we sought to engineer an E. coli strain that produced a simplified Kdo-lipid A domain containing a 3′′-hydroxylauryl. This would allow definition of the minimum factors for Kdolipid A glycine modification in a non-native organism. E. coli strain design started with deletion of the LpxM acyltransferase to produce a pentaacylated Kdo-lipid A domain, lacking the secondary myristoyl acyl chain. Our previous study showed V. cholerae LpxN can replace LpxM in E. coli (10), with a final lipid A product that contains a 3-hydroxylauoryl group at the 3′′ position (Fig. 1B; (14)); the substrate hydroxyl group for putative AlmG glycine transfer. Deletion of lpxT was also performed, which encodes a phosphotransferase dispensable for growth in E. coli, not found in V. cholerae, and complicates downstream analysis of P-radiolabeled lipids by thin-layer chromatography. Finally mutants in the Kdo2-lipid A heptosyltransferase pathway of E. coli (Fig. S2), responsible for initiating LPS inner core oligosaccharide synthesis, were also targeted. Others have successfully disrupted the rfaDFC operon in E. coli with no apparent effect on viability (20, 21). Our rationale for the heptosyltransferase disruption step was multi-fold: (i) produce a minimal Kdo-lipid A domain, (ii) slow core-lipid A transport across the inner membrane to potentially increase efficiency of the predicted cytoplasmic glycine modification, and (iii) to simplify downstream isolation of Kdo-lipid A material. In the E. coli ΔlpxM ΔlpxT mutant we were able to cleanly delete the entire rfaDFC operon (Fig. S2) using a recombineering approach (22). Verification that core-oligosaccharide truncated Kdo2-lipid A species are produced by the engineered E. coli ΔlpxM ΔlpxT ΔrfaDFC was assessed by ProQ Emerald detection of isolated LPS separated by SDS-PAGE (Fig. 2). Consistent with disruption of the heptosyltransfer reactions, and core-oligosaccharide synthesis, a smaller molecular weight species was readily apparent in isolated LPS from the ΔrfaDFC mutant, versus parental strain E. coli ΔlpxM ΔlpxT (Fig 2; compare lanes 5 versus 4). For reasons discussed in the next section, further mutations to E. coli ΔlpxM ΔlpxT ΔrfaDFC were performed, and maintained the core-oligosaccharide truncated phenotype (Fig. 2; lanes 6-8). Structural characterization of lipid material isolated from E. coli that produce minimal Kdolipid A domains mimetic of V. cholerae material--Observation of core-truncated Kdo2-lipid A made co-isolation of Kdo2-lipid A species with glycerophospholipids hypothetically possible with a simple two-phase


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are a valuable resource and have many applications in marine environments. The UAV's capabilities can be further augmented through increased autonomy. One potential area for more autonomy is landing on the stern of underway ships. This requires good position estimates that are independent of GPS and in many harsh environments, vision. We demonstrate a position estimation and tracking technique that uses peer-to-peer acoustic range measurements coupled with the relative inertial measurement unit estimates from the ship and UAV to create a robust state estimation. A Stewart-Gough platform is used to emulate the motions of a ship stern, where the UAV would land, in different sea-states and a state-of-the-art motion capture system provides the ground-truth positioning for the UAV and the Stewart-Gough platform. We demonstrate a pose estimate with a mean-squared error (MSE) of 9.41 cm (23.8% of landing area length) and a "ready-to-land" position tracker with an MSE of 12.05 cm (30.4% of landing area length). The proposed extended Kalman Filter used to fuse the measurements is more than adequate. The zero visibility autonomous landing algorithm works well and the next stage will be validation at-sea.


A kind of adaptive munitions based on laser guiding technology was presented,introducing it's theory of identifying and detecting the targets,then describes the circuit of detecting and the process of CPLD controlling module.It can be applied to artillery,missile and other small-bore ammunition,improving the percentage of hits,enhancing battling effectiveness of our army.


Physical properties of ferromagnetic p-type Ga1−xMnxAs1−yNy epitaxial films (x=0.045 and y=0–0.032) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are described. It is found that the incorporation of nitrogen gradually suppresses the metallic behavior of p-(Ga,Mn)As, especially at low temperatures. The Curie temperature TC decreases accordingly with increasing y value. The reduction in TC is discussed in terms of the suppression of hole-mediated long-range spin-exchange interaction due to the enhancement of carrier localization. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy appears at the region around y=0.02, reflecting the reduced lattice constant due to substitutionally incorporated nitrogen. No significant change was found in the magnetic circular dichroism spectra in the photon energy region around the band gap of (Ga,Mn)As. Our experimental results show that the theoretical prediction based on the double exchange interaction [V. A. Dinh et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2 42, L888 (2003)] is hardly materialized in this system.


Abstract Objectives To evaluate longitudinal variations in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of different white matter (WM) tracts of newly diagnosed SLE patients, and to assess whether DTI changes relate to changes in clinical characteristics over time. Methods A total of 17 newly diagnosed SLE patients (19–55 years) were assessed within 24 months from diagnosis with brain MRI (1.5 T Philips Achieva) at baseline, and after at least 12 months. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity values were calculated in several normal-appearing WM tracts. Longitudinal variations in DTI metrics were analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance. DTI changes were separately assessed for 21 WM tracts. Associations between longitudinal alterations of DTI metrics and clinical variables (SLEDAI-2K, complement levels, glucocorticoid dosage) were evaluated using adjusted Spearman correlation analysis. Results Mean MD and RD values from the normal-appearing WM significantly increased over time (P = 0.019 and P = 0.021, respectively). A significant increase in RD (P = 0.005) and MD (P = 0.012) was found in the left posterior limb of the internal capsule; RD significantly increased in the left retro-lenticular part of the internal capsule (P = 0.013), and fractional anisotropy significantly decreased in the left corticospinal tract (P = 0.029). No significant correlation was found between the longitudinal change in DTI metrics and the change in clinical measures. Conclusion Increase in diffusivity, reflecting a compromised WM tissue microstructure, starts in initial phases of the SLE disease course, even in the absence of overt neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms. These results indicate the importance of monitoring NP involvement in SLE, even shortly after diagnosis.


Abstract : The report consists of 10 chapters which are grouped into two parts. Part I of the report is concerned with the present state of the field of leadership training. Part I includes a review and assessment of current leadership training activities in business, government, and the armed services; descriptions and critical analyses of leadership training methods; a critical review of training evaluation and other literature concerned with the effectiveness of leadership training; and a discussion about the present state of the field of leadership training. Part II addresses considerations for improvement of leadership training through development of a leadership technology. Part II includes a proposed rationale for leadership training; a discussion of conditions needed for effective learning of leadership to occur; basic guidelines for designing and implementing leadership training; a discussion of problems requiring research and methodological issues involved in conducting research on leadership training; and a discussion of conclusions and implications concerning the state of the art of leadership training.


Chitosan is a unique biopolymer in the respect that it is abundant, cationic, low-toxic, non-immunogenic and biodegradable. The relative occurrence of the two monomeric building units (N-acetyl-glucosamine and d-glucosamine) is crucial to whether chitosan is predominantly an ampholyte or predominantly a polyelectrolyte at acidic pH-values. The chemical composition is not only crucial to its surface activity properties, but also to whether and why chitosan can undergo a sol–gel transition. This review gives an overview of chitosan hydrogels and their biomedical applications, e.g., in tissue engineering and drug delivery, as well as the chitosan's surface activity and its role in emulsion formation, stabilization and destabilization. Previously unpublished original data where chitosan acts as an emulsifier and flocculant are presented and discussed, showing that highly-acetylated chitosans can act both as an emulsifier and as a flocculant.


The Saemangeum Sea Dike, completed in 2011 in South Korea, is the longest sea dike in the world. One of the most pressing issues of today, climate change leads to sea level rise that could increase the risk of sea dike overflow. However, what impact climate change will have on the Saemangeum Sea Dike has not been verified yet. Here, we estimate the impacts of sea level rise on the Saemangeum Sea Dike, using the Linear Regression Analysis method and the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method. The sea level data of the Saemangeum area of the last 30 years was analysed and the results showed that the maximum rate of sea level rise of the Saemangeum Sea Dike is at 2.51 mm/year when the EEMD method was applied. It means that the impact of sea level rise on the Saemangeum sea dike is reasonably low because the sea level rise will exceed the freeboard after 366 years, so there is currently no clear sign that it poses a problem.


When the card-level tester for the F-16 flight control panel (FLCP) had been dysfunctional for over 18 months, infrared thermography was investigated as an alternative for diagnosing and repairing the 7 cards in the FLCP box. Using thermal imaging alone, over 20 FLCP boxes were made serviceable, effectively bringing the FLCP out of awaiting parts (AWP) status. Through the incorporation of a novel on-the-fly neural network paradigm, the neural radiant energy detection system (NREDS) now has the capability to make correct fault classification from a large history of repair data. By surveying the historical data, the network makes assessments about relevant repair actions and probable component malfunctions. On one of the circuit cards, a repair accuracy of 11 out of 12 was achieved during the first repair attempt. By operating on the raw repair data and doing the network calculations on the fly, the network becomes virtual, thus eliminating the need to retain intermediate calculations in trained network files. Erroneous classifications are correctable via a text editor. Erroneous training of neural networks has been a chronic problem with prior implementations. In view of the current environment of downsizing, the likelihood of obtaining functionality at the card-level tester is remote. Success of the imager points to corresponding inadequacies of the automatic test equipment (ATE) to detect certain kinds of failure. In particular, we were informed that one particular relay had never been ordered in the life of the F-16 system, whereas some cards became functional when the relay was the sole component replaced.


We will present the preliminary results of IODP Expedition 339, Mediterranean Outflow (from 17 November 2011 to 17 January 2012). This expedition has drilled five sites in the Gulf of Cadiz and two sites offshore the west Iberian margin, and recovered 5.5 km of core with an average recovery of 86.4%. The Gulf of Cadiz was targeted for drilling as a key location for the investigation of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) through the Straits of Gibraltar and its influence on global circulation and climate. It is also a prime area for understanding the effects of tectonic activity on evolution of the Gibraltar Gateway and on margin sedimentation. We penetrated into the Miocene at two different sites and established a strong signal of MOW in the sedimentary record of the Gulf of Cadiz following opening of the Gibraltar Gateway. Preliminary results show contourite deposition from 4.2-4.5 Ma, although subsequent research will establish whether this dates from the first onset of MOW. The Pliocene succession, penetrated at four sites, shows low bottom current activity linked with a weak MOW. Significant widespread unconformities,


The recent article on "acute tubular necrosis and dengue" is very interesting. REPIZO et al. concluded that "serum creatine phosphokinase should be monitored in DF patients to allow for an early diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis and the institution of renal protective measures". In fact, the renal complication of dengue is not rare and it should be kept in mind for all practitioners. The renal problem in dengue can be seen in either hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic cases. The underlying etiology of renal failure is believed to be due to the poor fluid management of the infected cases. The strong clinical relationship with fatality can be seen in such cases. The immunopathology seems to have little role in induction of acute tubular necrosis. The patient with a previous renal problem has a greater risk to develop renal failure. A careful follow-up of the fluid replacement therapy is the key factor for success in control and prevention of acute renal episode in dengue patients.


Promotion of tobacco products and consumer attitude towards it was the main topic of
the masters thesis. After the introductory word, the reader is presented with the problem,
subject and objectives of the thesis, as well as the metodology and hypothesis which were to
be analysed.
Following the introduction, the second chapter describes and defines essential terms,
such as marketing, marketing mix and promotion as a key part of understanding the paper. An
insight into the importance of promotion in the modern business world is also presented, as
well as promotion in the tobacco industry,
Third part of the thesis describes the history and developement of the modern tobacco
industry; the beginnings to the modern status symbol, as well as the negative side effects of
cigarette consumption. An insight into the current state of the industry is also presented in the
chapter.
Part four comprises of promotion in the tobacco industry – the laws, bans and
restrictions with which the tobacco companies are facing. Examples of various marketing
campaigns involving tobacco are also presented, as a means to describe the change the
industry is facing over strict laws. The chapter is closed with examples of modern campaigns
in the industry.
The empirical part of the thesis is analysing consumer attitude regarding the tobacco
promotion, concluding that smokers can't be easily won over by promotional materials such
as lighters; they are loyal to the brand they smoke nevertheless they are given a free
promotional item or not. The thesis is closed with the conclusion, list of used literature and a list of tables,
graphs and pictures.


Incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is steadily increasing, and the contributions of diet and the gastrointestinal microbiota to these diseases are only partially understood. Enriching particular populations of microbes in a mouse model of pre‐diabetes and monitoring systemic metabolic effects will help to elucidate the mechanisms of obesity and T2DM progression. C57BL/6J mice were fed a 45% high fat diet for nine weeks and then supplemented with type 2 resistant starch (RS), Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), or both for six weeks (n=10 per group). Urine was collected throughout the experiment; cecal contents and serum were obtained at the time of mouse sacrifice. All samples were analyzed using NMR‐based metabolomics. Unsupervised principal component analysis showed clear separation between RS and non‐RS groups for both cecal and serum samples. Significant differences were observed for microbial metabolites and amino acids when comparing RS groups to control, as well as when comparing Lp supplementation alone to RS supplementation alone. These results have implications for monitoring the effects of dietary supplementation on the gastrointestinal microbiota and overall host health. Funding was provided by the American Diabetes Association.


Measurements have been made of the ionization coefficient as a function of electrical field in znse. Hole and electron ionization coefficients are equal within the limits of the experiments. The results obtained are consistent with baraff's theory. Values of the scattering length lamda lie in the range 25-50 aa. An empirical relation has been found between lamda and the concentration of ionized impurities. The results are discussed in terms of the band structure of znse. The ionization coefficients are consistent with those of similar materials.


We compare the predictions of six models for neutrino (and antineutrino) production of trimuon events. In particular, results are given for models based on heavy-charged-lepton decays, heavy-neutral- lepton decays together with heavy-quark decays, diffractive production and decay of heavy-quark pairs, heavy-quark cascade decays, the decays of Higgs mesons, and the radiative production of muon pairs. Our comparison should help to unravel the sources of the trimuon events detected at Fermilab and CERN. We also examine the probability of explaining the so-called superevents in which the muons are extremely energetic.


This study was aimed to know the people's reactions to techniques involving the dead body by comparing their feelings toward organ donation, autopsy and anatomic dissection. 92% reported acceptance of an autopsy for themselves and 85% for a close relative. 60% were willing to donate their own organs and 40% to donate the organs of a family member, 15% accepted donation of their whole body for dissection. Nearly all who accepted dissection willing to donate their organs and to be autopsied; almost all who were willing to donate their organs also accepted autopsy. About 70% felt some discomfort at the thought of autopsy and organ donation. Woman seemed more sensitive towards operation on the dead body than men.This study was conducted on the beliefs, attitudes of people towards organ donation, anatomic dissection and autopsy in the region of Assam.


We present a framework to derive upper bounds on the number of regions that feed-forward neural networks with ReLU activation functions are affine linear on. It is based on an inductive analysis that keeps track of the number of such regions per dimensionality of their images within the layers. More precisely, the information about the number regions per dimensionality is pushed through the layers starting with one region of the input dimension of the neural network and using a recursion based on an analysis of how many regions per output dimensionality a subsequent layer with a certain width can induce on an input region with a given dimensionality. The final bound on the number of regions depends on the number and widths of the layers of the neural network and on some additional parameters that were used for the recursion. It is stated in terms of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm of the last column of a product of matrices and provides a unifying treatment of several previously known bounds: Depending on the choice of the recursion parameters that determine these matrices, it is possible to obtain the bounds from Montúfar <italic>et al.</italic> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref> (2014), Montúfar <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref> (2017), and Serra <italic>et al.</italic> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">[3]</xref> (2017) as special cases. For the latter, which is the strongest of these bounds, the formulation in terms of matrices provides new insight. In particular, by using explicit formulas for a Jordan-like decomposition of the involved matrices, we achieve new tighter results for the asymptotic setting, where the number of layers of the same fixed width tends to infinity.


Reaction of the complex [RuTp(Bp)PPh3] (6, where Tp = tris(pyrazolyl)borate and Bp = bis(pyrazolyl)borate) with AgBF4, AgOTf,and SOCl2 was observed to yield the highly unusual B−F- and B−OH-containing compounds [RuTp(BpF2)PPh3] (7), [RuTp(BpOH)PPh3]OTf (9), and [RuTp(BpOH)PPh3]Cl (10), respectively, via substitution of the Bp boron−hydride groups. The complexes 7 and 9 were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Formation of the B−F product 7 represents a rare example of BF4 anion reactivity under relatively mild conditions, whereas the B−OH product 9 contains the first example of a stable trivalent pyrazolyl−borane moiety. These substitution processes are thought to be assisted by the interaction of the boron−hydride moieties of 6 with the Lewis acidic Ag(I) and S(IV) centers of the reactive agents, which polarize the B−H bond and activate the boron center toward electrophilic attack of available halogen- and hydroxy-containing species.


The chair of the health select committee, a former GP, talked to The BMJ on the day the committee's report on childhood obesity was published. The report recommended a 20% tax on sugar sweetened drinks


accessible text. As currently written, the book provides a more satisfying answer to a different question. The book's subtitle is "How Taiwan Propelled China's Economic Rise," but an equally fitting summary of the book's main contributions might be "How China's Rise Propelled Taiwan's Economic Transformation." The book's greatest strengths lie in its account of how Taiwan's political economy was altered by China's embrace of Taiwanese investment and by changes in Taiwanese government policies that (eventually) lowered the barriers Taishang faced. In this regard, the book speaks most directly to existing work on Taiwan's political economy and its connections to the PRC and the global economy, including Thomas Gold's State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (1986), You-tien Hsing's Making Capitalism in China (1998), and Gary Hamilton and Cheng-shu Kao's Making Money (2018).


The availability of the micronutrient iron is known to exert control on phytoplankton growth and community composition in much of the Southern Ocean. The role of this trace element in regulating primary production in Antarctic pack ice is however, largely unknown.
To investigate the availability of iron to microalgae in Antarctic pack ice, immunoassays were developed for the proteins ferredoxin and flavodoxin. In pervious studies these proteins have been shown to be regulated by iron availability in many temperate marine phytoplankton and have the potential to be used as indicators of iron availability in situ.
Antibodies generated towards ferredoxin and flavodoxin purified from a temperate diatom were found to have good cross-reactivity with the proteins from a range of sea ice diatoms. The putative iron stress protein flavodoxin was found to be expressed constitutively in several sea ice diatoms from both the Antarctic and Arctic. Along with constitutive flavodoxin expression some sea ice diatoms were observed to never express ferredoxin suggesting that these organisms have lost the ability to produce this protein, possibly as a means to reduce cellular iron quotas.
The effects of iron availability on Fragilariopsis curta and Fragilarzopszs cylzndrus were determined in laboratory cultures of these organisms. Growth rates, ferredoxin and flavodoxin expression and photophysiological parameters determined by pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry were investigated in relation to iron supply. Half saturation constants for growth were similar for both F. cylzndrus and F. curta and photosynthetic parameters showed quantitatively similar reductions for both organisms in response to reduced iron supply. Different patterns in the expression offerredoxin and flavodoxin were observed in these two organisms. Iron replete F. curta only expressed flavodoxin (without ferredoxin) and cellular levels of this protein were not regulated by iron availability. In F. cylmdrus ferredoxin was expressed under iron replete conditions and was replaced completely by flavodoxin as a very early response to iron stress, prior to reductions in growth rate or decreases in photosynthetic parameters such as Fv/Fm.
Ice cores collected from Southern Ocean pack ice north of the Adelie Land coast were analysed for both ferredoxin and flavodoxin. Flavodoxin was detected in the majority of core sections and the concentration of this protein was significantly correlated with chlorophyll concentration. Ferredoxin was less widely distributed, being detected in approximately half of all core sections examined, and flavodoxin was always detected along with this protein. These results are consistent with constitutive expression of flavodoxin in many sea ice diatoms and in combination with the culture experiments demonstrate that flavodoxin cannot be used as a stand alone marker for iron stress in this environment.
High concentrations of ferredoxin were associated with the top half of ice floes and were never observed in bottom communities which were the most highly productive. The observed distribution of this protein suggests that differences exist in the ability of these communities to access iron, however iron availability did not regulate the distribution of biomass within these floes.


Analyses of the meanings of definite determiners both in English (Kadmon 1990, Roberts 2003, Elbourne 2013, a.o.) and crosslinguistically (Schwarz 2013,  Arkoh and Matthewson 2013) have been framed in terms of two dimensions of meaning: familiarity and uniqueness.  This paper presents an analysis of the Bulu (Bantu, Cameroon) definite determiner -te. I argue that the antecedent of an NP with -te is required to be salient and unique.  Thus, salience is an additional dimension along which there is crosslinguistic variation in the meanings of definite determiners.


The flow of funds from migrant workers back to their families in their home country is an important source of income in many developing economies. The recipients often depend on remittances to cover day-to-day living expenses, to provide a cushion against emergencies or, in some cases, as funds for making small investments. This paper looks at different aspects of the flow of funds of migrant workers such as the market for these remittances and remittance services (where consumers of remittance services pay and receive funds). The paper also discusses key issues concerning remittance services and the general principles such as infrastructure, laws and regulations, and remittance flows. The paper concludes with what the role of the World Bank should be in to foster better and more efficient transfer of these funds.


India"s Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) caters second most populous country in world with largest number of immunization sessions organized, quantities of vaccine used, number of beneficiaries. Immunization is still the most cost-effective interventions to prevent the suffering from vaccine preventable diseases. India has the largest number of births in the world – more than 26 million a year – and also accounts for more than 20 per cent of child mortality worldwide. Nine million immunization sessions are organized each year to target these infants and 30 million pregnant women for routine immunization (RI). The benefits of immunization are not only improve health and life expectancy but also have the social and economic impact at both individual and community levels.


In real‐time towed array systems, performance degradation of array gain occurs when beamforming is carried out on the sensor outputs of a line array which is not straight. In this paper, a new method is proposed for array shape estimation. The procedure consists of two steps. First, the tow‐point‐induced motion is formulated in the time domain based on the constraints from the tow‐point compass‐sensor readings and from a discretized Paidoussis equation. At each time instance, the shape estimate is solved from a linear system of equations. It is shown that this solution is equivalent to a previous frequency‐domain solution, while the new approach is much simpler. In the second step, the tail compass‐sensor data are used to adjust the overall array shape. By noting that variations in the ship speed lead to a distortion in the normalized time axis, the predicted tail displacements are first registered with the tail sensor readings along the time axis. Then distortions in the estimated array shape over its le...


8037 Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with a 5 year-median overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed (ND) patients. Real-world data reveals that 23% of transplant eligible (TE) ND MM patients relapse within 12 months of starting first-line bortezomib (1LB) based therapy and of these ̃50% will fail secondary therapy and die within 18 months. It is currently impossible to identify these high-risk patients and genomic studies could potentially inform alternative secondary therapeutic options. We propose that circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) analysis could provide a more holistic approach to determine genomics of high-risk patients than bone marrow (BM) tumour DNA analysis in this genetically heterogenous multi-site malignancy. Methods: Peripheral blood plasma and BM samples (n = 186) were obtained at baseline, cycle 3 day 1 (C3D1), end of the study (EOS) and/or relapse, whichever appeared earlier, from a Phase II multicentre single arm study of carfilzomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone (KTd) in 50 TE ND MM patients who were refractory or registered suboptimal response to 1LB (Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group - MM17 trial). Somatic variants were identified in BM or ctDNA with ultra-sensitive targeted amplicon sequencing of 22-genes known to be mutated in MM. Mutational spectrum was correlated to standard MM risk factors including International Staging System (ISS), response to 1LB and KTd, cytogenetics/FISH, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, progression-free survival (PFS) and OS. Results: Our initial analysis of ctDNA mutational proportions between patients who did not or did experience relapse on KTd revealed a significantly higher proportion of RAS/RAF (3% vs 25%), or ATM/ATR/TP53 (17% vs 41%; p < 0.0001), respectively, in relapse patients. Subsequently, we correlated ctDNA RAS/RAF and/or ATM/ATR/TP53 mutational presence to standard MM risk factors. We identified a shorter PFS and OS for ISS Stage 2 and 3 compared to Stage 1 patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02, respectively) and a significantly higher proportion of RAS/RAF or ATM/ATR/TP53 mutations in patients with refractory as compared to sub-optimal response to 1LB therapy (p = 0.0002). Patients with RAS/RAF or ATM/ATR/TP53 mutations in ctDNA at the time of starting salvage therapy also had a shorter PFS and OS on KTd (p = 0.003 and p = 0.02, respectively). Sequential ctDNA analysis discovered that in 87.5% of patients, one or more of the dominant mutations present at the time of relapse were already present at the start of salvage therapy. Conclusions: Our analysis reveals that RAS/RAF and ATM/ATR/TP53 mutations in ctDNA could be prognostic biomarkers of response to secondary salvage therapy in primary refractory patients thus providing the opportunity to design targeted salvage treatment paradigms in high-risk MM patients.


HE GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE GROWTH AND T treatment of skeletal sarcomas, the growth of metastases, and the death of hosts gives surprising insight into the evolution of these neoplasms. This approach has previously been applied to the pulmonary metastases from skeletal sarcomas1, 5 but not to primary skeletal tumors. The difficulty in accumulating data on the growth of primary tumors is attributable to the fact that resective therapy of the primary tumor is effected soon after diagnosis and to the indistinct and sometimes immeasurable margins of the tumors. Measurable serial observations of these tumors are, therefore, infrequent, but reported series of skeletal tumors suggest that serial measurement might be effected with greater frequency were there a more general awareness of the pertinence of serial measurements." Continued growth is the inexorably lethal characteristic of sarcomas, and the lethality is directly and the host survival is inversely proportional to the rate of growth.3, 5 The quantitation of rates of growth of skeletal tumors is possible when sufficient serial measurements are available.


The possibility of carrying out a purely heterogeneous Heck reaction in practice without Pd leaching has been previously considered by a number of research groups but no general consent has yet arrived. Here, the reaction was, for the first time, evaluated by a simple computational approach. Modelling experiments were performed on one of the initial catalytic steps: phenyl halides attachment on Pd (111) to (100) and (111) to (111) ridges of a Pd crystal. Three surface structures of resulting [PhPdX] were identified as possible reactive intermediates. Following potential energy minimisation calculations based on a universal force field, the relative stabilities of these surface species were then determined. Results showed the most stable species to be one in which a Pd ridge atom is removed from the Pd crystal structure, suggesting Pd leaching induced by phenyl halides is energetically favourable.


State economic development incentives t<3nd to have two major charac teristics. First, financing incentives concentrate on an extremely narrow band in the spectrum of business requirements, i.e., in the financing of plant and equipment. Second, promotional programs are zero-sum in spirit if not in practice, i.e., their avowed purpose is attracting industry from elsewhere. Largely because of these rhetorical purposes, economists generally view state economic development promotion as the height of Bahbittry, with a heavy dose of special pleading for largess from the federal porkbarrel, and consequently of no aggregate benefit. In this context som.e recent innovations in economic development finance emerg ing from New England are of considerable national interest: they operate in new areas of finance, at least for states, and unlike zero-sum instru ments such as tax incentives, they would b(3 beneficial if diffused nation ally. That New England is a great incubator of state development finance institutions may come as a surprise. It is certainly surprising to New Englanders who view the South as the most innovative and aggressive region in creating development programs to attract industry, particularly from New England. In fact, the opposite is true [Katzman and Daniels, 1975]. New England continues to be not only an incubator of hightechnology manufactures, but also of financiial innovations. Private sector innovations include the credit union, the trust company, the mutual fund, the venture capital company, and the NOW account. Of special interest here, public sector innovations of the 1950's included the develop ment credit corporation, mortgage-loan guarantees, industrial land bank ing, and statewide speculative building. All of these public mechanisms are characterized by the poohng of risks and reducing of transactions costs, and hence market perfecting. In contrast, the most prominent financial incentive offered by southern states has been the industrial


Collusion is a hackneyed phenomenon in supervising in public administration.Two-side collusion model is too simple to analyze it,and we should consider the collusion probability and collusion-proof mechanism in a multiple-tier-agency complete contract framework.This paper presents a "government/supervisor/firm"three-tier hierarchy model and shows that,an ex ante lowcost-and-high-efficiency punishment device is important for collusion-proof contract.Contract based on collusion-proof incentive compensations absolutely will have little efficiency,and contract based on punishment device absolutely will have efficiency only in some specific conditions.Our model can also be used in analyzing the government choice behavior in trade-off of social benefits and social costs of production.


Background: Taxanes [paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane, Celgene Corp, USA), and docetaxel]—used in the treatment of lung, breast, and head and neck cancers—have been associated with cutaneous adverse effects, including photodermatoses. Purpose: We describe a woman with non-small cell lung cancer who developed a photodistributed dermatitis associated with her nab-paclitaxel therapy and review photodermatoses in patients receiving taxanes. Materials and methods: The features of a woman with a nab-paclitaxel-associated photodistributed dermatitis are presented and the literature on nab-paclitaxel-associated photosensitivity is reviewed. Results: Our patient developed nab-paclitaxel-associated photodistributed dermatitis on the sun-exposed surfaces of her upper extremities, which was exacerbated with each course of nab-paclitaxel. Biopsies revealed an interface dermatitis and laboratory studies were negative for lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis. Her condition improved following topical corticosteroid cream application and strict avoidance of sunlight. Conclusion: Chemotherapy can be associated with adverse mucocutaneous events, including dermatoses on sun-exposed areas of the skin. Paclitaxel and nab-paclitaxel have both been associated with photodermatoses, including dermatitis, erythema multiforme, onycholysis, and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Strict avoidance of sun exposure, topical or oral corticosteroids, and/or discontinuation of the drug results in improvement with progressive resolution of symptoms and skin lesions. Development of photodermatoses is not an absolute contraindication to continuing chemotherapy, provided that the cutaneous condition resolves with dermatosis-directed treatment and the patient avoids sun exposure.


BACKGROUND
F. solani fungemia is unusual. Patients at risk are immunosuppressed, have underlying malignancy or severe debilitating diseases.

METHODS
We report two cases of F. solani fungemia in two non neutropenic patients who had been treated with wide-spectrum antibiotics an/or systemic corticosteroids, parenteral nutrition and intravenous lines. Bactec NR-860 (Becton-Dickinson) system was used, and growth was detected in aerobic conditions (between 3-7 days of incubation).

RESULTS
Removal of the catheters with or without i.v. amphotericin B were used successfully.

CONCLUSION
The spectrum of Fusarium sp. fungemia is discussed. Current available antifungal therapy is also reviewed.


COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that poses one of the greatest challenges to public health in recent years. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and often leads to severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure and death in the elderly and subjects with pre-existing conditions, but the reason for this age dependence is unclear. Here, we found that the case fatality rate for COVID-19 grows exponentially with age in Italy, Spain, South Korea, and China, with the doubling time approaching that of all-cause human mortality. In addition, men and those with multiple age-related diseases are characterized by increased mortality. Moreover, similar mortality patterns were found for all-cause pneumonia. We further report that the gene expression of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, grows in the lung with age, except for subjects on a ventilator. Together, our findings establish COVID-19 as an emergent disease of aging, and age and age-related diseases as its major risk factors. In turn, this suggests that COVID-19, and deadly respiratory diseases in general, may be targeted, in addition to therapeutic approaches that affect specific pathways, by approaches that target the aging process.


We show by general arguments that networks whose density of states contains few highly degenerate eigenvalues result in inefficient performances of continuous-time quantum walks (CTQW) over these networks, while systems whose eigenvalues all have the same degeneracy lead to very efficient transport. We exemplify our results by considering CTQW and, for comparison, its classical counterpart, continuous-time random walks, over simple structures, whose eigenvalues and eigenstates can be calculated analytically. Extensions to more complicated, hyper-branched networks are discussed.


Background. PICC use may have lower risk of BSI compared to other central catheters but little data exist regarding risks for PICC associated BSI. This study evaluates risks for PICC BSI among patients (pts) at an academic hospital. Methods. PICC BSI rate was calculated among all pts with PICCs inserted between July 2009-July 2012. A nested case control study (1:3 ratio of PICC BSI cases to no BSI controls) matched for operator (interventional radiology [IR], Infectious Diseases [ID], or nurse venous access team [VAT]) was conducted to assess risks for PICC BSI. Pt characteristics, PICC type (antimicrobial impregnated [ABXI] or not) and indication for PICC were recorded from chart review. Logistic regression was used. Results. 89 PICC BSI occurred among 5372 PICC placements over the study (rate 1.66%). Mean days to infection were 32 and this was not different dependent on use of an ABXI PICC. Having an IR operator was associated with a 1.75 fold higher risk for PICC BSI compared to ID (p = 0.02) and a 4.22 fold higher risk compared to VAT (p = 0.0008). There was no difference in risk comparing ID to VAT operators. After multivariate analysis, non-ABXI PICC, PICC inserted for chemotherapy (CXT), tunneled PICC, leukemia, and AIDS were significant independent risks for PICC BSI (Table). Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for PICC BSI


Recently, interest has arisen in tethered wind turbines which could fly at high altitudes (where wind speed is greater) and deliver energy down power lines. Turbines in the megawatt range and operating in excess of 10,000 ft. have been proposed. Such devices would take off as helicopters (with the generators acting as motors), transition to autorotation at a transition altitude, and then become power generators at higher altitudes. Naturally, for tethered turbines, the power required to keep the machines aloft must be extracted from the energy captured and cannot be used for transmission. For a stationary wind turbine on the ground, it is well-known that the optimum power can be obtained when the turbine is adjusted to slow one-third of the air speed at the rotor disk (two-thirds downstream). The resultant (maximum) power extracted is 16/27 (59%) of the incoming wind energy. However, it is not know what the optimum operational conditions are for yawed, tethered turbines which must bleed off power both to create lift and to counter cable tension. This paper uses momentum-energy concepts to determine what the optimum operational parameters would be for tethered turbines.


In [1] solutions were obtained for certain second order linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients in terms of generalized Rodrigues' formulas and iterated indefinite integrals. The purpose of this paper is to apply these results to the Bessel equation. Since the results of [1] are soon to be published [2], only special cases which apply directly to the present situation will be discussed here (see also [3]). For the present situation it suffices to consider the differential equation (1) zy" + (az + 2m)y' + amy = 0, where z is a complex variable, a 0 0 is a complex constant, and m is an integer. THEOREM 1. If m is a positive integer then (1) is satisfied by


A transmission electron microscopy investigation has been conducted on the structure of 90° and 180° domain boundaries in polycrystalline BaTiO3. When such boundaries were imaged with a continuous set of lattice planes, fringes were observed, indicating a stacking‐fault‐type displacement of the crystal lattices on either side of the boundaries. For a 90° domain boundary, this displacement most likely consists of both a dilatation and shear of {110} planes parallel to the boundary plane. The displacement for a 180° boundary lies approximately parallel to [101] and is of a greater magnitude. Structural models of both types of boundaries are derived from the observed displacements. The models suggest a distortion of the crystal structure in the boundary region. This distortion allows the polarization vector to simultaneously rotate and decrease in magnitude to zero at the center of the boundary, resulting in the required 90° or 180° rotation of the vector. The presence of the displacement associated with the 180° boundary suggests a substantial boundary thickness, in contradiction to previous models.


A new mechanism to balance an autonomous unicycle is explored which makes use of a simple pendulum. Mounted laterally on the unicycle chassis, the pendulum provides a means of controlling the unicycle balance in the lateral (left-right) direction. Longitudinal (forward-backward) balance is achieved by controlling the unicycle wheel, a mechanism exactly the same as that of wheeled inverted pendulum. In this paper, the pendulum-balancing concept is explained and the dynamics model of an autonomous unicycle balanced by such mechanism is derived by Lagrange-Euler formulation. The behavior is analyzed by dynamic simulation in MATLAB. Dynamics comparison with wheeled inverted pendulum and Acrobot is also performed.


The solitary digger wasp Oxybelus uniglumis (Linnaeus, 1758) uses its sting not only for paralyzing prey but also for transporting the prey to the nest site. The sting morphology is expected to reflect the mechanical overloading applied to the sting during prey transportation. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of the sting skeleton of Oxybelus uniglumis and define specific morphological characters in order to reveal possible morphological predictions for conducting specific prey-carriage behaviour. The most important features are the following: (1) In contrast to all other known Apoidea, Oxybelus uniglumis has a single (instead of double) valvillus; (2) There are no distinct borders between the rostral process and the 2 nd valvula, so the valvula is relatively strongly articulated to the basal elements of the sting; (3) The internal skeleton exhibits intraspecific variation, which has not previously been recorded for Hymenoptera. Results are discussed from a functional standpoint.


. Light curve analysis of the carbon variable RY Dra and the oxygen-rich variables TX Dra and AF Cyg is summarised. In each case, two shorter periods were found (which may be connected with the radial pulsation of the stars) and also a long term variation in the mean bright ness. In the case of RY Dra, the amplitudes of the shorter periods both decreased while the amplitude of the long secondary variation was found to be increasing. The light curves and frequency spectra of TX Dra and AF Cyg can be interpreted as a result of mode switching. These stars pulsate with two different periods and there are time intervals when the longer period disappears and the shorter one remains dominant, and it lasts for many cycles. We concluded that the double and multi-periodic red semiregular variables may be very important from both theoretical and observational point of view, because, based on the ratio of the peri ods, we can identify the pulsational modes in these variables. Semiregular variables are red giant or supergiant stars with spectral types M, C or S. They are located on the Asymptotic Giant Branch of the H-R Dia gram. Here we present a short summary of the light curve analysis of three inter esting red variables. Due to the lack of photometric data, we have used visual observations taken from different data bases. For the light curve analysis we constructed mean light curves by averaging the data in 10-day bins. The errors of these mean points were generally 0.2 mag. It is important to note that the observations from the different sources did not show systematic differences. The periods were determined using the well-known discrete Fourier trans formation. Since the periods and the amplitudes are subject to variations in all three program stars


The strikes of the amazonian indigenous peoples in 2008 and 2009 revealed a kind of society little known in the rest of the country. These are egalitarian and acephalic peoples immersed in a bureaucratic State and surrounded by a stratified society. Some of the awajun leaders were interviewed and the history of this people was examined to understand the motivation and organizational principles of this movement.


Three novel schemes for sensor and actuator fault diagnosis for linear time-invariant systems are presented: multirate parity-space techniques, multirate observers, and multirate detection filters. It is shown that these approaches offer distinct advantages over conventional fault diagnosis schemes in terms of ease of failure detection, the speed, and the class of systems for which detection is possible. In particular, the use of multirate sampling in each of these systems provides a more elegant failure detection system and alleviates the problems inherent in application to systems containing nonminimum phase zeros. It is shown that the existence of certain types of fault diagnosis schemes is a generic system property.<<ETX>>


In the diploma, the results of measurements of viscosity and density of various concentrations of aqueous solutions of surfactant decyltrimethylammonium decanoate (C10TMAC10) in the temperature range between 5 and 55 °C are presented. The results are displayed in tables and graphs.


The present paper deals with a fault tolerant control scheme for a multisensor plant based on set theoretic methods under the assumption of bounded exogenous signals. Robust guarantees for the global stability of the system and the separability and identification of abrupt faults occurring in the sensor outputs are provided. The methodology is exemplified on a positioning system showing improved detection and isolation capabilities even for reference signals passing with oscillations around the position corresponding to faulty functioning of the sensors.


The impact of economic fluctuations on corporate investment behavior was studies based on the data of of listed companies during 2009 -2015. The result indicated that the better the economic environment is, the larger the scale of capital expenditure would be, and the weaker the intensity of technological innovation. A further Sub-regional study found that there is no significant difference about economic fluctuations in the scale of business investment in the eastern and western areas; there are some differences in the effect of technological innovation. Economic status is positively correlated with technological innovation in the eastern region, economic status is not significant negatively correlated with technological innovation in the central and western regions.


Defects in various erythrocyte membrane proteins genes (ankyrin, band‐3, β‐ and α‐spectrin and protein 4·2) can cause hereditary spherocytosis (HS). This molecular heterogeneity of HS, together with co‐inherited genetic modifiers, results in marked phenotypic variability among patients. We studied the molecular spectrum and genotype‐phenotype correlations in 73 families (with 113 patients) with HS. Deleterious variants including nonsense (42%), deletions (18%), splice site (20%), missense (10%) and duplication/insertion (10%) were found in 47 patients. The variants detected included sporadic and dominantly‐inherited defects in ANK1 (53·2%), SPTB (36·2%) and SLC4A1 (4·2%). Compound heterozygous variants in SPTA1 (6·4%) showed autosomal recessive inheritance. Alpha‐spectrin variants were associated with severe anaemia and splenectomy alleviated symptoms. Co‐inherited glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency was found in 15%. G6PD variants (n = 5) led to greater transfusion requirements (1‐8 times) in males with HS. Homozygosity (41%) for the promoter variant of UGT1A1 (Gilbert syndrome) led to a significantly higher mean bilirubin level (126·54 µmol/l) with a higher frequency of cholelithiasis (30%) (P < 0·001). This first‐ever south Asian study on the molecular spectrum of HS found ANK1 and SPTB genes variants to be the commonest with inheritance being sporadic/dominant. Next‐generation sequencing provided a relatively sensitive and rapid tool for molecular diagnosis with a diagnostic yield of 64·4%.


The paper presents results of a high-energy fast ion population relaxation in the TCV. The fast hydrogen ions are created by diagnostic neutral beam (DNB) deposition in plasma. In the NPA measurements the increase of the neutral particle flux was correlated with DNB current. By taking that the observed flux increase to be the result of charge-exchange (CX) of the DNB deposited particles on the plasma neutrals, the NPA can be used to observe the DNB deposited ion energy distribution. The measurements of CX spectrum were performed for a range of plasma parameters with a modulated diagnostic neutral beam, the characteristics of DNB deposited ion population are sensitive to the plasma parameters (electron temperature, electron and neutral density profiles). 1. EXPERIMENT LAYOUT. The neutral particle analyser [1,2] on TCV views the plasma centre along a vertical chord (Fig.1). It consists of 5 energy channels with electrostatic discrimination. The NPA voltage sweeps the energy channels to measures neutral particle energies in the range of (0.6fi8 keV). The DNBI on TCV has a maximum extraction voltage (E0) of 52 kV [3] with an effective beam current of up to 3 A. The beam is usually pulsed with a 12fi150 ms duty period and was installed on the TCV Tokamak for CXRS ion temperature measurements [4]. The TCV beam consists of ~50% of the neutrals with full energy (E0), ~27% of E0/2, ~18% of E0/3 and ~5% of ~E 0/18 (beam current fractions). The ~80 kW injected power is small compared to the TCV ohmic power (250 kW n 1 MW). The beam has a divergence of 0.7 0 and a gaussian cross section (~7 cm diameter). The beam is injected horizontally at an angle to the machine center of 11.25 0 . The toroidal angle between DNB and NPA TCV sections is 67.5 0 .


In this paper, the wavelet-based fractal analysis is applied to analyze an electrocorticogram (ECoG) signal recorded from an epilepsy patient. A spectral exponent γ yielded from the wavelet-based fractal analysis is determined from a slope of log 2 var(dm,n)-m graph over an interval of levels. Rather than a single spectral exponent, multiple spectral exponents determined from various intervals of levels corresponding to various ranges of spectral subbands of the ECoG signal are examined. From the computational results, it is observed that the spectral exponents of the ECoG signal estimated from different intervals of levels m exhibit different intriguing characteristics. It is also shown that the spectral exponents of the ECoG signal obtained during epileptic seizure events are significantly different from those of the ECoG signal obtained during non-seizure period. Furthermore, during nonseizure period the spectral exponent of the ECoG signal tends to decrease as the corresponding range of frequencies of subband decreases. On the contrary, for almost all spectral subbands the spectral exponents of the ECoG signal tend to be comparable except the lowest frequency subband.