This writing arranges the changes and meaning of the method based on strike and occupation struggle among workers' resistance way from 1970s to 1980s. In 1970s strikes those by democratic unions especially aimed at the higher wages, democratization of company-kept unions, and desperate defense for democratic unions against business owners, and workers won their desires. Through the occupation struggles workers demanded the desperate defense for unions, reinstatement, closure rescinded, and the democratization of Republic of Korea trade unions. In labor classroom, Republic of Korea trade unions, and the headquarters of a Sinmin party the occupation struggles broke out. These struggles tried to convert labor problem into social problem, but except struggles in the headquarters of a Sinmin party by YH trade union, other performance was not great. In 1980s strikes like Daewoo Motors strikes and Guro alliance strikes etc. led by 'hakchul' even scale was larger and the workers' solidarity was enhanced for the 1970s The occupation struggles mainly led by dismissed 'hakchul'. They asked Trade union recognition in Republic of Korea trade unions, and the headquarters of parties. The occupation struggles were greater than 1970s but the outcomes were less. The effects of way with the strike and occupation struggle is still valid. But those effect can not be compared to one in the 1970s and 1980s with the modern labor movement grown on a national scale. Nevertheless, through the 1980s Guro alliance strikes this case of the cohesion of the union members that formed through a variety of struggles to allow occupation struggles in the headquarters of a Sinmin party by YH trade union in 1970s, should be reflected.


A series of Schiff base derivatives, namely N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)methanimine (L1), 4-methoxy-N-[(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]aniline (L2), and 2-[(E)-(1-propylbenzimidazol-2-yl)iminomethyl]phenol (L3), were synthesized. These compounds feature different linker groups, including –CH=N–, –CH2–NH–, and –N=CH–, respectively. During the process of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexation in the presence of the closo-dodecaborate [B12H12]2– anion, it was observed that ligand L3 underwent degradation. Consequently, two compounds were isolated, [Zn(Bz-NH2)2(CH3COO)2] and (HBz-NH2)2[B12H12]∙2CH3CN, both containing 1-propyl-2-aminobenzimidazole (Bz-NH2), which is a degraded fragment of the ligand. Several new zinc(II) and cadmium(II) coordination compounds were synthesized and characterized using various physicochemical analysis methods, including elemental analysis, IR, and UV spectroscopy. Additionally, X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface analysis were performed for compounds [Cd(L2)2(CH3CN)(H2O)][B12H12], [Zn(Bz-NH2)2(CH3COO)2], and (HBz-NH2)2[B12H12]∙2CH3CN, as well as for ligand L2.


SUMMARY A pycnidial fungus, identified as a Coniothyrium sp., was isolated from leaves and stems of jojoba and other plans native to the Sonoran Desert and growing in a variety of habitats in southern Arizona below 1,370 m. The dark, immersed pycnidia are often formed in concentric rings both on leaves and in culture. The ellipsoidal, amber conidia are aseptate, thick-walled, and produced in cirrhi in the host. The fungus causes lesions on the leaves of both seedlings and mature plants. Field observations and laboratory and greenhouse tests indicate that wounding facilitates infection. Jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid., is a droughtresistant, evergreen desert shrub native to California and Arizona in the United States and states of Baja California and Sonora in Mexico (8). The plant is of economic importance in that the fruit contains a high quality, liquid wax (6) which has many attributes of sperm


We have described a patient with Hodgkin's disease who had fever and pulmonary infiltrates after treatment with mantle x-ray therapy and two courses of MOPP. Gallium affinity of the lung lesions proved at biopsy not to be due to Hodgkin's disease, but probably to chemotherapy-induced pulmonary toxicity.


We review and comment on some of the recent developments in quantum annealing. In particular, we will comment on recent findings that quantum annealers may be best suited for finding a class of approximate solutions and on Google's announcement of quantum annealers outperforming classical annealers by significant margins. This is not meant to be a comprehensive review and we apologize in advance to all authors whose relevant papers we do not mention.


Miniplants established by the independent smallholder's secondary cooperative is one of the efforts to get rid from monopsony market and mill. By the existence of miniplants, Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) sales channel will not only end at mill, but also at the miniplant in spite of in limited capacity. Each channel of FFB sales should be supported by the credible price information and the integrated purchase system. To fulfill the need of real-time & transparent price information and the integrated FFB purchase system can be realized by developing mobile application Software as a Service (SaaS) of FFB's purchase based on a cloud platform. The method used to develop the mobile application is a system approach following the stages in SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) starting from the ideas, user requirements, system requirements, designing, deployment and maintenance. This study is restricted until the stage of designing and generating Business Process Diagram, Use Case Diagram, Data Conceptual Model and Mock up only. Both diagram and model generated in this study aids develop FFB purchase mobile application. The large number of independent smallholders has the opportunity to get a large number of mobile application users. The application will generate a large amount of data. These data can be used to develop various tools as part of the FFB e-procurement system to ensure the supply of independent smallholders' FFB can be used for biodiesel development programs as expected by the government of Indonesia.


Gastrointestinal nematode infections are highly prevalent in nature, lead to considerable morbidity in infected humans and cause high economical loss in animal husbandry. While it is clear that type 2 responses orchestrated by CD4+GATA-3+ Th2 cells are pivotal for the control of GI nematodes, the basis for differential susceptibility of distinct host genetic backgrounds is less well understood.
 The high resistance of 'rapid responder' SJL mice to infections with the small intestinal nematode H. polygyrus is evident in low parasite egg production and the termination of infection within a few weeks. Comparing the SJL line to slow responder C57BL/6 mice, we found that SJL mice generated relatively few Th2 effector cells, many follicular T helper cells and strong antibody responses in spleen and gut draining lymph nodes. These Th2 effector cells of SJL mice expressed high levels of the gut/mucosal homing markers CCR9/a4b7, resulting in the rapid accumulation of Th2 cells in the infected small intestine. Surprisingly, resistance was further associated with exceptionally high proportions of Treg in the spleen of SJL mice at steady state and the vigorous expansion of Treg in mLN after infection. This coincided with a bias for follicular T helper cells expansion in both mLN and spleen and, consequently, more extensive IgG1 class switching by GL7+ germinal center B cells in both organs. Infection-derived B cells transfer provides protection in SJL mice, not in B6 mice.
 In conclusion, resistance versus susceptibility to primary H. polygyrus infection appears to be less dependent on the overall magnitude of Th2 responses, but rather seems to depend on rapid Th2 effector homing, follicular T helper cells and the rapid instruction of antibody responses.


Statistical techniques used to analyse data from direct detection dark matter experiments are reviewed with an emphasis on general issues which could benefit from further study. In order to illustrate these issues three case studies are presented of detectors operating in different statistical regimes which require novel approaches to data analysis.


XQuery is a functional language with implicit parallelism. It is an important approach to improve the efficiency of XML query by taking full advantage of multi-core environment in the parallel implementation of XQuery language. In this paper, we propose an implementation method for parallelizing XML query represented by XQuery programs automatically. According to the features of its functional language, an XQuery program is divided into a number of tasks that can be executed in parallel. Then, on the basis of the running cost evaluation, three kinds of parallelism are applied to different tasks and they are data parallelism, task parallelism and pipeline parallelism. Under the guidance of a novel scheduling strategy, the execution of the XQuery program is parallelized automatically. The experiments show that this approach improves the efficiency of the execution of XQuery programs and the computing resources of multi-core computer are used efficiently.


A fault diagnosis method for bearing and gear based on deep learning waveform image recognition is proposed in this paper. The method can extract valid fault features automatically from time and frequency domain waveform curves of raw vibration signal and complete fault diagnosis. The training method for CNN model based on deep learning combined with transfer learning is designed, which needs only a small amount of faults sample data. The fault diagnosis algorithm and steps are given. The method is tested with a set of time and frequency domain vibration waveform data of gears and bearings in normal and different fault states. The results show that the proposed method has high recognition accuracies for the different types of faults and has good applicability.


Direct current system grounding fault may cause maloperation or miss operation of protection device and control circuit and power supply reliability of direct current system may affect directly safe operation of substation.For improving safety and reliability of direct current system,this paper analyzes reasons for grounding fault,introduces various diagnosis methods for direct current grounding fault and summarizes general method and matters need attention for fault point lookup which provides the basis for similar fault processing.


This paper must be interpreted as a first approach to Intranets, how run, and which are the advantages to education.


The first use of ICs in devices of the entertainment electronics comes from television. Figure 1 shows the diagram of the audio intermediate frequency part from the 30 cm RCA Portable TV KCS 153 X , which was introduced in March 1966. The audio intermediate frequency part was selected, because integration was bringing here many advantages. A RCA IC of the type CA 3013 in silicon planar epitaxial technology is used for intermediate frequency amplification, limitation, demodulation and audio frequency preamplifier and replaces the transistors, diodes and discrete elements (i.e. resistances) otherwise necessary in discrete technology. 2 transistors, 2 diodes, 1 transducer, 14 resistances and 7 capacitors were saved.


Objective:Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a condition often associated with HIV infection, is more common in men than in women; pregnancy and sex hormones could be involved. Urinary human chorionic gonadrotrophin (hCG) has been reported to inhibit the growth of KS cell lines, with great variability among preparations. Urinary hCG often contains free forms of the hCG subunits and a fragment of the free β-subunit, the β-core, which may have biological activity. We compared the effect of the β-core fragment, the β-subunit, recombinant and urinary hCG on KS immortal and spindle cells. Design and methods:A new immortal KS cell line was phenotypically and karyotypically characterized. The effects on growth of this cell line and of primary KS spindle cells by hCG and its purified derivatives were tested. Induction of apoptosis was demonstrated using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Results:The β-core fragment harboured the most potent growth inhibitory activity on a molar basis. After 72 h of treatment with the β-core, 60–70% of KS cells show apoptotic nuclei. No effects were observed on endothelial cells. Conclusions:The β-core fragment of hCG proved to be the most effective part of the hCG molecule, inducing growth inhibition and apoptosis of KS cells. Thus, the β-core could be the most appropriate hCG derivative for the therapy of KS.


We estimate a firm-year measure of accounting conservatism, examine its empirical properties as a metric, and illustrate applications by testing new hypotheses that shed further light on the nature and effects of conservatism. The results are consistent with the measure, C_Score, capturing variation in conservatism and also predicting asymmetric earnings timeliness at horizons of up to 3 years ahead. Cross-sectional hypothesis tests suggest firms with longer investment cycles, higher idiosyncratic uncertainty and higher information asymmetry have higher accounting conservatism. Event studies suggest increased conservatism is a response to increases in information asymmetry and idiosyncratic uncertainty.


In the process of billet detection and recognition, the self-adaptability research of billet character segmentation in the complex scene is a highly complicated intelligence problem. On account of a good many of factors, such as the uneven ends of billet, the rusty billets, the non-standard printed characters and so on, the irregular characters at ends of steel billet may be connected and broken. Improper segmentation of connected and broken characters will lead the characters distorted directly and then impact on the recognition results. In view of these complex factors, a segmentation algorithm based on self-adaptability decision is proposed to improve the segmentation self-adaptability in this paper. The segmentation experimental results show that the proposed algorithm divides the billet characters in the complex scene accurately and improves the self-adaptability of character segmentation.


The information is transmitted on a carrier signal within a plurality of successive time frames partitioned each by a predetermined number of time intervals each of which is allocated to a predetermined group of receivers. The receivers of each group are further divided into a predetermined number of identifiable subgroups of receivers. corresponding activating all receivers of the group at the beginning of the time interval allocated, is made to receive all receivers in the group identifier of a service information which are the subgroups whose receivers are susceptible of receiving a message, it analyzes this service information within each receiver and quenched before the end of said time interval (I3) a receiver not belonging to one of the designated subgroups.


Temperature is an important parameter affecting the microstructure of slab
 and an important guarantee to improve the performance index of metallurgical
 products. However, the temperature level is affected by the heat transfer
 coefficient. Taking laminar cooling as an example, a method for calculating
 the heat transfer coefficient of a system with periodic characteristics is
 proposed in this study. Firstly, it was assumed that the distribution of
 heat transfer coefficient is a piecewise function composed of positive half
 wave of sine function and line function. The calculation methods of
 characteristic parameters?through structural parameters and operating
 parameters?in three cases of "separation", "adjacent" and "intersection" are
 given; Secondly, heat transfer model of slab was established. Surface
 temperature and center temperature distribution of slab were compared with
 the test results. The relative errors of surface and center temperature were
 2.46% and 1.33% respectively, which verified the accuracy of this method.
 Finally, the coupling relationship between the characteristic parameters in
 the heat transfer coefficient distribution function is obtained by
 calculation. Compared with the methods presented in the literature?this
 method reduces the number of unknown parameters while ensuring the accuracy
 of the model, and gives guidance on how to change the slab temperature and
 improve product performance by adjusting the structure and operating
 parameters.


This paper mainly studies the relief extraction and data processing in image fusion design. To depend on plane interception and geometric detail extraction in detail shift of point model, intercepting plane is built and the segmentation between relief and base plane of relief product is realized through plane interception. Then, the extracted intermediate relief is performed the isolated sampling point deletion as well as the re-obtained relief boundary optimization of the cut boundary in relief to finally realize relief extraction of relief product. After relief extraction, the extracted relief is performed data processing, which mainly includes smoothness denoising and simplification. Based on second-order Laplace algorithm, smooth denoising inhibits high frequency component and keeps or even enhances low frequency component and overcomes vertex drift and model tearing through avoiding tangential movement of point.


Small-type tom turkeys and heavy-type hens were reared on a common regimen until 17 wk of age when they attained medium weight (ca. 7–10 kg). Toms progressively gained substantial weight and had a feed conversion advantage throughout the last half of production. Commercial processing led to results where similar relative chilled carcass yields occurred between the sexes. Extensive skin tearing at the back and thigh appeared with hens which could be attributed to an excessive finish. Percentage of breast and thigh as commercial cuts from the carcass and meat yield of these parts was the same for hens and toms. Total cooking loss was similar for both sexes, although hens released additional fat in the process. Fat concentration in the thigh meat was high and was greater with hens than toms. Evaluation of whole carcass appearance and meat eating quality by a trained panel failed to reveal any differences between the small tom and heavy hen. Commercial basting of each sex in the breast with oil during process...


Transient electromagnetic (EM) scattering by composite objects is formulated by time-domain combined field integral equations (TDCFIEs) which are generally solved by combining the method of moments (MoM) in space domain and march-on-in-time (MoT) scheme in time domain. The space-domain MoM may not be convenient in implementation and the MoT scheme has a well-known late-time instability problem. In this work, the TDCFIEs is solved differently by combining the Nyström method in space domain and the Galerkin method with Laguerre basis and testing functions in time domain. The proposed method can fully overcome the problems of traditional approach as demonstrated by a numerical example.


Servovalves are one of the most important components of the complex machinery of space exploration. They have to be at the perfect condition for safe and efficient operation of very valuable complex machines. In this paper, use of wavelet transformation (WT) and adaptive resonance theory 2 (ART2) type self learning neural network (NN) combination is proposed for detection of defective valves. The current signature of the energization stage of the valve was encoded by using the WT. ART2 classified the approximation coefficients of the WT. WT-NN classified all the normal valve data in single category and assigned new categories to the data of defective valves as long as the vigilance was selected properly. WT-NN combination was found an effective alternative to customized diagnostic software if the operating conditions change drastically


Background : Diabetes is a growing public health problem. Due to a paradigm shift in diabetes control from hospitals to communities, improving the knowledge and performance of primary health care (PHC) providers with regards to diabetes is essential. Although Myanmar has a high prevalence of diabetes, the knowledge and performance of PHC providers has not been properly assessed before. This study assessed PHC knowledge and performance on diabetes control in two townships in Naypyitaw, Myanmar. Methods : In this cross-sessional descriptive study, PHC providers, including midwives, lady health visitors (female nurse supervisors), and public health supervisors were selected. Their socio-demographic variables, as well as knowledge and performance related to fi ve domains of diabetes control were assessed. Results : 100 PHC providers participated in the study. A majority of the respondents (54%) had average knowledge, while less (8%) had good knowledge. Most respondents had poor performance (63%). A signi fi cant correlation was observed between knowledge and performance scoring (p ¼ 0.01). The knowledge scoring was signi fi cantly associated with sex, designation (working rank level), and exposure to diabetes control training among participants. The performance scoring was associated with sex, designation, number of postings, level of facilities, exposure to diabetes training and campaigns. Conclusion : Since majority of respondents had poor performance, the study recommended possible solutions to improve diabetes control including: revising targets and strategies for diabetes screening, designing tailored training to improve treatment and referral services, and piloting web-based tools to improve diabetes knowledges and a diabetes registry during the post COVID-19 pandemic health system recovery.


Nephro-ureterectomy is the conventional operation in the treatment of papillary tumours of the renal pelvis and ureter and is also carried out in certain cases of inflammatory or congenital disease involving a kidney and its ureter. Removal of the whole ureter including the ureteric orifice is mandatory in malignant cases and has been stressed by Beck et al. (1969) and McIntyre et al. (1965). The operation is normally carried out through two incisions, although impressive solitary incisions have been described, notably by Culp (1961). Either the loin or the abdominal incision may be made first, but it is important that the whole specimen should be removed in


Measuring safety is a complex task. Roadway crashes are perhaps the best indicators of roadway safety. However, using crash frequency alone overlooks many dangerous situations that might have led to actual crashes. In addition, since crashes are rare events, one must wait years to observe a sufficient number of crashes to be able to measure safety. When it comes to evaluating safety, signalized intersections pose an intricate problem because many vulnerable road users are exposed to vehicular traffic. The primary goal of this research is to monitor interactions between vulnerable road users (i.e., pedestrians and bicyclists) and vehicles in order to proactively measure safety at signalized intersections. This research develops a safety assessment framework using real-world video data from ten signalized intersections in San Diego, California.


Submitted for the MAR12 Meeting of The American Physical Society Optical Control of Nuclear Spin Ensembles in Diamond JONATHAN KING, JEFFREY REIMER, University of California, Berkeley — We present new results on the hyperpolarization of 13C nuclear spins in diamond through optically-oriented nitrogen vacancy (NV-) defects. Optical illumination of high NVconcentration diamonds at cryogenic temperatures and 9.4 Tesla results in a negative nuclear spin temperature with measured bulk-average polarization over 5%, although local polarization may be higher. The negative spin-temperature is attributed to a population inversion within the dipolar energy levels of the NVspin ensemble. In our quantitative model, nuclei near defects equilibrate with the NVdipolar energy reservoir and polarization is transported to the bulk material via spin diffusion. This model is tested by investigating a series of samples with varied defect density. We also investigate the nuclear hyperpolarization of NVcontaining diamond nanocrystals. Such materials may be useful for surface transfer of polarization to target molecules for enhanced NMR sensitivity. Additionally, we investigate the dynamics and decoherence of the hyperpolarized nuclear spin ensemble and its interaction with electronic defect spins. Such phenomena are of fundamental interest to the use of diamond for quantum information applications. Jonathan King University of California, Berkeley Date submitted: 29 Nov 2011 Electronic form version 1.4


The invention discloses an echo cancellation module comprising a training sequence generator, a change-over switch, a training sequence detector, an adjustable delay, an echo channel estimator, a filter and an adder. Firstly, the input terminal of the switch is connected with the training sequence generator, the training sequence detector estimates the delay parameter of the echo channel accordingto the training sequence sent by the training sequence generator, then the echo channel estimator starts to work and estimates the echo channel according to the input signal, the training sequence and the delay parameter, and adjusts the estimator coefficient; when the estimator coefficient is convergent, the input terminal of the change-over switch is switched to the adder, afterwards, the receiving and sending equipment stops outputting the training sequence, and outputs the user signal with the echo cancelled. The invention also comprises a receiving and sending equipment comprising the echo cancellation module of the invention and an echo cancellation method. The invention can cancel the echo signal on the receiving antenna of the receiving and sending equipment which is coupled withthe sending antenna of the receiving and sending equipment.


Chaidamu native goats and 110 crossbred goats were used to investigate the polymorphism of serum transferrin by means of a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The results showed that there were three genotypes(TFAA,TFAB and TFBB)and the TFAA type was a preponderant genotype in two populations of goat.In both populations of Chaidamu native goats and crossbred goats,the frequencies of TF A and TF B alleles were 0.8655,0.1345 and 0.8045,0.1955 resp.and the gene heterozygosity were 0.2328 and 0.3145,resp. \ \


Chirped wideband pump and seed pulses are usually considered for backward Raman amplification(BRA)in plasmas to achieve an extremely high-power laser pulse.However,current theoretical models only contain either a chirped pump or a chirped seed.In this paper,modified three-wave coupling equations are proposed for the BRA in the plasmas with both chirped wideband pump and seed.The simulation results can more precisely describe the experiments,such as the Princeton University experiment.The optimized chirp and bandwidth are determined based on the simulation to enhance the output intensity and efficiency.


Introduction Rare earth transition metal amorphous films are some of the most promising materials for use in thermomagnetic writing memory elements. These films are now layered in reflective or interference structures. Many film thicknesses have been tried in these structures, and the enhancement of effect has been studied. We will report magnetic changes relating to the thickness of Tb-Fe film. We will mainly report changes in the Kerr rotation angle and the coercive force.


A key role for educational leaders within undergraduate medical education is to continually improve the quality of education; global quality health care is the goal. This paper reports the findings from a study employing a power model to highlight how educational leaders influence the development of undergraduate medical curricula and the resistance they encounter related to this activity. Sixteen educational leaders at a medical university in Northern Europe were purposefully sampled and interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that the educational leaders are feeling powerless when it comes to engaging their colleagues in the process of developing medical education. As a result, these leaders appear having to create a 'vicarious legitimacy'; legitimacy connected to other areas than education, such as research or clinic. Research results from this study can be used to develop faculty development programs for health education leaders on national and international levels.


The aim of this work is twofold, on the one hand, to determine the competence level in English language of the students who start the new degrees in the UPM and on the other, to study the extent to which different


Objective
To evaluate the effects of aromatherapy on improving perioperative anxiety and sleep in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods
A total of 120 patients undergoing gastrectomy from December 2016 to July 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were selected in the study using convenient sampling. The participants were randomly divided into the intervention group (n=60) and the control group (n=60) . Based on the routine nursing care, the intervention group received additional geranium aromatherapy from 9 pm to 6 am at one day before the surgery. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the anxiety and sleep quality. The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were compared before and after the intervention.

Results
The repeated ANOVA showed that BP, HR and the SAS points had time and groups interactions at one day before the surgery, one hour before the surgery and one day after the surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in PSQI at one day before the surgery between two groups (P>0.05) . But after the aromatherapy, the intervention group had significantly lower PSQI than before operation, and lower than the control group (P<0.01) .

Conclusions
The aromatherapy can effectively alleviate anxiety, improve sleep quality and stabilize BP and HR in patients with gastrectomy.

Key words:
Gastric neoplasms; Perioperative; Aromatherapy; Anxiety; Sleep quality


Regardless of the frequent patterns to discover, either the full frequent patterns or the condensed ones, either closed or maximal, the strategy always includes the traversal of the lattice of candidate patterns. We study the existing depth versus breadth traversal approaches for generating candidate patterns and propose in this paper a new traversal approach that jumps in the search space among only promising nodes. Our leaping approach avoids nodes that would not participate in the answer set and reduce drastically the number of candidate patterns. We use this approach to efficiently pinpoint maximal patterns at the border of the frequent patterns in the lattice and collect enough information in the process to generate all subsequent patterns.


This thesis was intended to examine the hair cuticle and cross section regarding the damaged hair due to damages from chemical treatment during hair styling, in other words protein denaturation by chemicals or heat, and delamination or falling off of cuticle layer among hair damages. A total of 8 women in their 40`s were selected as study subjects where 6 hair pieces were made for each for a total of 48 used. Each piece was damaged artificially after which hair cuticles before & after clinical treatment and cross sections of blunt and notching cuts were observed under electronic microscope (SEM). First, as a result of observing the condition of cuticles, before clinical treatment, they were loose with cornifications, bubbles and hardening phenomenon, even melted down or had holes. After clinical treatment, however, supply of oil & moisture made them smooth with substantial lessening of cornification and hardening as well as cuticular markings maintaining stable form. Second, by comparing the cross section in the case of cutting, before clinical treatment, the edges of cross section were filthy with marked delamination of cuticle and cortex layers, there were also breaking of cortex layer thus even showing signs of Trichorrhexis Nodosa. Nevertheless, after treatment, there were relatively clean cross section and edges, breaking of cortex layer was nearly non-existent and delamination was also much lessened thus showing greatly reduced damage.


Recently blockchain technology has attracted increasing attention. It provides a distributed peer-to-peer network. It also allows to enlarge the contracting space using smart contracts. Smart contract is a numeric protocol which define a promises between parties. In a blockchain platform, we can find millions of smart contracts which are created by different users (developers). The smarts contracts created by users and saved in a blockchain can be similar in functionality, even if different users use different wording. This paper presents a new search engine in the blockchain. The novelty of our search engine is to help users to checks their smart contracts by referencing some similar existing smart contracts created and saved in a blockchain platform. Our search engine allows to give each user an adaptive set of similar smart-contracts based on the user's similarity needs. Our search engine is developed in the Ethereum blockchain platform. Experiments demonstrate the potential of our search engine system under different scenarios.


We introduce a method to estimate the attractiveness of a food photo. It extracts image features focusing on the appearances of 1) the entire food, and 2) the main ingredients. To estimate the attractiveness of an arbitrary food photo, these features are integrated in a regression scheme. We also constructed and released a food image dataset composed of images of ten food categories taken from 36 angles and accompanied with attractiveness values. Evaluation results showed the effectiveness of integrating the two kinds of image features. key words: food photography, attractiveness, photographic framing


In this mixed-methods study, we ask why participation in in-person instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic varied by race/ethnicity and SES. We consider three possible mechanisms—stratified access to in-person instruction, stratified risks related to in-person instruction, and stratified parental availability to support remote learning. We use data from a national online survey fielded through Ipsos in December 2020 with a probability sample of 2,016 US parents with at least one child under 18. We analyze both closed-ended and open-ended questions regarding parents' decisions about school-age children's participation in in-person instruction during the 2020-2021 school year. After accounting for differences in access, risk, and parental availability, we found no significant racial/ethnic or SES differences in parents' likelihood of choosing in-person instruction. Instead, access, risk, and parental availability were strongly predictive of these decisions. Our qualitative analyses further clarified how access, risk, and parental availability influenced families' decisions regarding in-person school. Families with limited availability tended to choose in-person instruction because of the challenges of combining remote learning with full-time employment. Meanwhile, families who had high-risk family members and lived in communities with high rates of viral transmission tended to choose remote or homeschooling, particularly if they also had a family member who could provide support at home. We discuss the implications of these findings for efforts to understand and address the inequalities in students' and families' outcomes in the wake of COVID-19, concluding that families' decisions were driven largely by pandemic and pre-pandemic inequalities in families' lives.


At present, the traditional teaching methods are not enough to arouse interest of students in learning and it is difficult to achieve the expected learning effect in secondary vocational schools. In order to solve this problem, this paper has done some research in secondary vocational schools. It is found that Maker education, as a new form of secondary vocational education, has been loved by students to some extent. This paper makes a brief analysis of traditional teaching methods and creative education in terms of students' attitudes and achievements. It is found that students have good learning attitudes and high learning interest in Maker classroom, which is conducive to the systematic mastery of scientific knowledge. Moreover, this paper also conducts in-depth investigation and research on the feasibility and necessity of Maker Education in secondary vocational schools, which provides relevant theoretical basis for the full implementation of Maker education in secondary vocational schools.


Coupled Nonlinear Oscillators Transverse Stability of Coupled Maps Unfolding the Riddling Bifurcation Time-Continuous Systems Coupled Pancreatic Cells Chaotic Phase Synchronization Population Dynamic Systems Clustering of Globally Maps Interacting Nephrons Coherence Resonance Oscillators.


That opium and quinia, when administered "simultaneously" as remedies, react upon each other, and to some extent coun tervail each other, is a fact which appears recently to have arrested the attention of numerous observers. Though we are prepared to admit that in a qualified sense they are "antidotes to each other," each neutralizing the bad effects of the other, we cannot subscribe to the rule lately laid down by Dr. Gubler, that " they ought not to be administered simultaneouslv." *


Sturgeons are important because of producing the expensive caviar. With regard to decreasing of natural stocks of these fishes, cultured sturgeons farms are expanding, so infectious or non-infectious agents can cause problems in this industry. One of the most important infectious diseases, are parasitic diseases, like gill parasites. In this study from March 2007 to June 2008, gills of 122 sturgeons of south west of Caspian Sea, 44 samples of juveniles from freshwater farms and 25 samples of cultured fishes in freshwater were collected and examined. Parasites were separated and determination of species and prevalence of them were done. Nitzschia sturionis and Diclybothrium armatum (monogenea) with general prevalence 8.7% in Acipenser persicus and 25.6% in Acipenser stellatus from sea sturgeons and Trichodina (sp.1, sp.2) and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis from freshwater sturgeons, were separated. Statistical analysis was done according to species, sex, length and weight of fishes. Pathology, morphometric and morphological characters of Nitzschia sturionis were also studied. At the end, we have suggested ways for health management of farms for prevention of parasites entry.


Objective: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of the increased morbidity and mortality observed in uremic patients. The prevalance of cardiovascular diseases is high in the dialysis patients. Thrombosis is an important contributor to the evolution of atherosclerotic lesions. Tissue factor is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by cells of many paranchimal organs and connective tissue. Tissue factor triggers the coagulation system in vivo. We measured the tissue factor levels in patients treated with CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) and hemodialysis, assuming that plasma tissue factor levels may have a correlation with high prevalance of cardiovascular diseases in patients maintained on hemodialysis and CAPD. We compared the tissue factor levels of the patients to the controls. Material and Methods: Tissue factor levels were measured in 26 CAPD, 30 hemodialysis patients and 27 healthy control subjects with ELISA method. In our study, we used IMUBIND Tissue Factor ELISA kit purchased from American Diagnostica (Stamford, USA). Results: As compared with the control group (53.05 ± 23.0 pg/ml), tissue factor levels were significantly higher in CAPD (102.38 ± 26.13 pg/ml) and hemodialysis (94.48 ± 48.14 pg/ml) groups (p<0.001). The levels were higher in CAPD patients when compared to hemodialysis patients but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Plasma tissue factor levels showed no correlation with serum creatinine or urea levels in the study groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Chronic renal failure patients, treated with hemodialysis and CAPD, showed increased plasma tissue factor levels. Elevated tissue factor levels may be related to thrombosis and atherosclerosis in patients with chronic renal failure that are maintained on hemodialysis and CAPD.


Very often in practice one has to evaluate a definite integral of a function that has no explicit anti‐derivative or whose anti‐derivative has values that are not easily obtained. One way of handling this it to use a numerical technique, such as the trapezoidal rule or Simpson's rule, to approximate the value of the integral. This paper describes how the value of a definite integral could be approximated using a Monte Carlo technique and a computer. Another application of this technique is the estimation of the value of pi.


The aim of this study was the examination of the perceived affordances and constraints of drones for teaching and learning. The sample consisted of 44 in-service teachers who attended an introductory presentation on drones, their technology and control mechanisms and afterwards assembled, flew and programmed four multicopter drones. Data was collected through anonymous online questionnaires. Results from qualitative data analysis revealed seven affordances, namely programming through block-based languages, recording and bird's-eye view, viewing places that are unseen from ground level and real-time photo and video streaming, drone assembly, data collection and processing, gamification, and development of several student skills. Additionally, they revealed four constraints, namely the necessity of teacher training, time restrictions regarding the drone's battery life, infrastructural and personal data restrictions. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the educational value of drones for teaching and learning and, at the same time, provide a base-layer for future research in using drones for educational purposes.


Ion beam assisted etching (IBAE) of SiO2 and Si3N4 is described which employs inert gas ion beam and gas mixtures based on XeF2 and H2. Etching rates of SiO2 and Si3N4 were measured as functions of various parameters such as gas pressure, mixing ratio of XeF2 to H2, ion dose, ion species, and irradiation angle. Significant enhancements up to 100 and 40 times larger than physical sputtering were achieved for SiO2 and Si3N4, respectively. Etching selectivity of the SiO2 to Si was varied from 0.07 to 6 depending on the gas mixing ratio. These results allow etching rates as well as selectivity of SiO2 to Si to be tailored to specific requirements. Simulation is performed to show the cross‐sectional profiles formed by focused ion beam and to calculate the ion dose implanted into substrates. Auger analysis and surface morphology are mentioned.


The aim of this work is to seek for an optimal angular detection of prompt photons emitted perpendicularly to the beam direction using a time-of-flight technique, which enables a huge neutron background rejection. A homogeneous PMMA phantom was studied. The prompt photon profile correlates well with the dose distal fall-off when the proper selection of θ=90°±0.7° of the emitted prompt gamma rays is made. The correlation to the dose can be detected with the present method with an accuracy of up to 4 mm at 50% height of the prompt gamma rays profile.


The study investigated the phytochemical screening and anti-inflammatory activity of Pemphis acidula. The phytochemical screening of methanol and ethanol extracts of Pemphis acidula revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, sugars, glycosides and xanthoproteins. The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of Pemphis acidula was evaluated using five in vitro based assays. Protein denaturation, proteinase inhibition, heat induced haemolysis, hypotonicity induced haemolysis and lipoxygenase inhibition at different concentration (100-1000 mg/ml). Aspirin, diclofenac sodium and indomethacin were used as standard drugs. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the ethanol extract of Pemphis acidula can be a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents.


Over the last six years, we have been developing imaging Cadmium Zinc Telluride pixel detectors optimized for astrophysical focusing hard X-ray telescopes. This application requires sensors with modest area, relatively small pixels and sub-keV energy resolution. For experiments operating in satellite orbits, energy thresholds of ~1-~2 keV are also desirable. In this paper we describe the desired detector performance characteristics, and report on the status of our development effort. In particular, we present results from a 1152-channel custom low-noise VLSI readout designed to achieve excellent spectral resolution and good imaging performance in the 5 -- 100~keV band.


Ozone is a key constituent of the atmosphere in respect of climate change, oxidizing capacity and health impact. Tropospheric ozone is a particularly important greenhouse gas as it gives a positive radiative forcing to the Earth's surface. Long term trend of surface ozone is widely reported by different organizations or institutes. However, relatively little investigation has been done for upper-air ozone over tropical areas in terms of its long term behaviour and correlation to other environmental parameters like global solar radiation and moisture content in the atmosphere. The Hong Kong Observatory started its ozonesonde operations at the King's Park Meteorological Station in October 1993. Up to the end of 2013, about 800 vertical ozone profiles were obtained. In this study, data of ozone profiles obtained between 1994 and 2013 are examined. The overall and monthly variation patterns in the troposphere and lower stratosphere are investigated. Trend analysis of the ozone mixing ratio using linear regression and decadal comparison is also carried out. Results of the analysis together with the correlation with other environmental parameters will be reported and discussed in this paper.


Major retail additions and renovations were among the projects to be set back after the September 11 attacks, but they are now starting to be revived. A notable example that the industry is watching is the Phoenix Sky Harbor redevelopment project, expected to add nearly 44,000 sq. ft. bringing the total to more than 100,000. Before undertaking design and construction, the airport carried out extensive surveys and focus groups, which showed that retail facilities had not kept up with growth in the number of passengers passing through the airport. An earlier project in another terminal increased sales per enplaned passenger from $2.56 to $4.91. The project terminal has high sales per square foot but a low $2.02 per passenger. Among the strategies are shorter, 5-year leases, permitting the airport to adjust the mix more easily. An overall design theme will give passengers a sense of place, with use of locally quarried stone, a palette suggestive of Arizona's famous sunsets and a "sun icon." The airport is currently the 11th busiest in the world, handling 36 million passengers a year.


MicroRNAs are involved in osteoclast differentiation. Although miR‐199a‐5p plays an important role in many different systems and diseases, its function during osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the function and the target gene of miR‐199a‐5p in osteoclast differentiation. The in vitro data showed that miR‐199a‐5p was significantly upregulated after the stimulation by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand in macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. After transfection of miR‐199a‐5p mimic, the messenger RNA expression level of nuclear factor of activated T‐cells cytoplasmic 1, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B was significantly increased in RAW 264.7 cells and the number of TRAP‐positive cells was also increased. MiR‐199a‐5p inhibitor showed the complete opposite outcome which brought additional proof to our finding. Overexpression of miR‐199a‐5p led to downregulation of Mafb protein. The luciferase activity was obviously repressed when WT‐pGL3‐Mafb and miR‐199a‐5p mimics were cotransfected into 293 T cells and the inhibitors cotransfected demonstrated reverse result. MiR‐199a‐5p overexpressed during osteoclast differentiation and positively regulated osteoclast formation in vitro by target Mafb.


This aims to evaluate the context, the, the process and evaluate the product program for providing healthy food in TK Wijaya Kusumah, Ciledug, Tangerang City. This research is an evaluative type of research with a descriptive qualitative approach, in this study using the evaluation model of the Stufflebeam theory, namely CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Data obtained by Interviews, observations and documents. The data used in this study are analyzed by subtracting the data, then they are presented in the form of a statement and the results are confirmed. The results of this study suggest that: The results of the evaluation of the Context of a healthy feeding program at TK Wijaya Kusumah indicate that the program has clear goals and plans. The results of evaluating the input of a healthy feeding program are known that schools and the government have a good role in running this program. The results of the evaluation of the healthy feeding program process show that the process of implementing feeding goes according to the procedures provided by the puskesmas and the problem is the lack of cooperation between parents in providing healthy food to children when the child is at home. The results of product evaluation / healthy food feeding program results in TK Wijaya Kusumah shows that the achievement of a child's health, high, and weight target is in accordance with his age and no child is experiencing severe malnutrition or stunting.


Synthesis of various serum proteins, such as albumin, prealbumin, α1‐antitrypsin, transferrin and α‐fetoprotein, by human and rat yolk sac tumors was studied by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. These serum proteins were found to be present in the cytoplasm of tumor cells forming the lining of vitelline cysts, as well as Schiller‐Duval bodies and vacuolated meshwork on histological sections. Two of these tumors were cultured. Immunopathological studies revealed that albumin, prealbumin, α1‐antitrypsin, transferrin and α‐fetoprotein were found in the cytoplasm of these cultured tumor cells. The immunofluorescence of these proteins was also found on the PAS‐positive granules, which existed intra‐ and extra‐cellularly.


Abstract
Financial stress has been found to contribute to mental health deterioration associated with job loss. This study examined whether specific types of income support programs (e.g., unemployment benefits and welfare) reduce the negative impacts of job loss on middle-aged women's mental health in the United States. Two samples of women previously employed before their mental health assessments in their 40s and 50s were selected from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79). We conducted regression analysis to predict their mental health scores using employment and income support program status. The model also controlled for baseline health before job loss, socioeconomic status, and demographic and family life characteristics. Compared to their continuously employed counterparts, 50 + women who had job loss without unemployment benefits had significantly worse mental health. However, those receiving unemployment benefits did not have significantly worse mental health. Unemployment benefits' ameliorating effect was not found in the 40 + sample; and welfare programs did not have similar mental health effects. Our findings suggest that certain types of income support policies are beneficial to the mental health of certain cohorts of middle-aged women. For different groups of women, additional and alternative measures are needed to reduce the mental health damage of job loss.


This article analyses an engraving with a naval theme that is highly useful in ascertaining and correctly identifying pre-classical Euboean galleys, a kind of vessel with different elements of naval architecture from its contemporaries in Attica and the Peloponnesian Islands. One extraordinarily interesting aspect is that the author of this engraving was a sailor, which endows this iconographic document with a highly significant testimonial value.


Humans have adapted to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude in several locations, and recent genome-wide studies have indicated a genetic basis. In some populations, genetic signatures have been identified in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, which orchestrates the transcriptional response to hypoxia. This review by Bigham and Lee discusses these findings on human adaptation to high altitude.


X-ray specular reflectivities of GaAs samples passivated with a thin film of (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (MPT) have been studied using bending-magnet synchrotron radiation. Various preparation procedures covering etching the GaAs, MPT deposition and its baking have been investigated. An oxide film is always observed between the GaAs and MPT films. The microstructural parameters, such as film thickness, density and interfacial roughness (including the external surface), have been determined from appropriate modeling of the reflectivity. The surface roughness has been compared with a direct measurement using tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. The results are discussed with reference to the potential applications of GaAs as a biosensor.


Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures were used to model the effects of neuroinflammatory conditions following an epileptic state on functional P2X7 receptors (Rs) of subgranular zone (SGZ) neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The compound, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), is known to cause pathological firing of neurons, consequently facilitating the release of various transmitter substances including ATP. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) both potentiated the dibenzoyl-ATP (Bz-ATP)-induced current amplitudes in NPCs, although via different mechanisms. Whereas LPS acted via promoting ATP release, IL-1β acted via its own receptor to directly influence P2X7Rs. Thus, the effect of LPS was inhibited by the ecto-ATPase inhibitor, apyrase, but not by the IL-1β antagonist, interleukin-1RA (IL-1RA); by contrast, the effect of IL-1β was inhibited by IL-1RA, but not by apyrase. Eventually, incubation with 4-AP upregulated the number of nestin/glial fibrillary acidic protein/P2X7R immunoreactive cells and their appropriate staining intensity, suggesting increased synthesis of P2X7Rs at NPCs. In conclusion, inflammatory cytokines accumulating after epilepsy-like neuronal firing may facilitate the effect of endogenous ATP at P2X7Rs of NPCs, thereby probably promoting necrosis/apoptosis and subsequent cell death.


This study examined why young people from poor families have lower attainment in school, are more likely to become NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training) after compulsory education, and are more likely to participate in a range of risky behaviours whilst teenagers.

The Longitudinal Study of Young People in England is combined with school and neighbourhood information to document the links between lower socio-economic position and poorer outcomes: identifying the key factors amongst parental education and material resources; school and neighbourhood peer groups; and the attitudes and beliefs of young people and their parents that help sustain those links.


Since his college days Mr. ~'IACDONALD'S mind and heart have undergone a very vital change. For this he acknowledges the influence of Karl Barth and Wilfred Monod. ' It was Dr. Barth who showed me how I could accept the results of modern criticism and yet retain my faith in the Bible as the Word of God, and it was Dr. Monod who kindled-or to be more truthful, who rekindled-the evangelical fire in my heart.' He has now written a book on Evangelism, which


Process safety management (PSM) has been a critical consideration in the plants that handle highly hazardous chemicals (HHCs), flammable gases and liquids. This article introduces PSM standard by OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.119. Further, it highlights an effective PSM for HHCs and provides PSM practices of the industries in Thailand. Effective PSM can prevent or mitigate catastrophic releases of HHCs which can cause health problems, fires, explosions, and fatalities. It is a disciplined framework for managing the integrity of operating systems, safety critical equipment (SCE) and safe work practices. Effective implementation and audits of PSM system and the continual improvement are important. It requires the industries to execute suitable leading and lagging process safety metrics. The inclusive and integrated PSM intents, human factors, good design principles, recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices (RAGAGEPs), engineering and administrative controls, and integrity of operating and maintenance practices are substantial key roles. It is important that the PSM system should be risk-based under the ALARP concept because hazards and risks are not equal, and there are multiple risks and consequences to consider. In summary, the PSM effectiveness depends on, for example, process safety metrics, management review, audit findings and particularly workforce involvement.


The use of computer graphics is very diverse and its relevance is defined by application area. A surface model can be applied for technical applications, gaming software, movies etc. Each application has different conditions and constraints. There are a lot of opportunities of preparing the graphics tasks depending on the selection of graphics engine, the types of models, textures and the shader. After two years of working countless beautiful car models have been constructed, but the job is not finished yet. The aim of our article is to share our experience with competent experts.


Composite materials like «Sibunit» are used as carriers for heterogeneous catalysts. These materials exhibit high mechanical strength, chemical purity, high resistance to aggressive environment, and controlled porous structure. The components of such catalysts are noble metals, and their combinations with oxides of some transition metals. An urgent task in their production is to control the content of the active component in the composition of catalysts. This characteristic affects the phase and electronic state of the metal, the structural and textural characteristics of the carbon carrier, and hence determines the activity and selectivity of catalysts during operation. Quantitative chemical analysis thus becomes one of the main methods for controlling the quality of catalysts. Different options for acid decomposition of mono- (Pd/C, Ru/C, Ga/C) and bimetallic (Pd-Ga/C, Pd-Zn/C, Pd-Ru/C, Pd-Ag/C) catalytic systems based on carbon carrier «Sibunit» are considered. The goal of this study is determination of the content of metals by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The effect of the main operating parameters of the spectrometer on the intensity of sensitive and non-overlapping spectral lines of the elements being determined was studied. Optimal conditions for measuring the analytical signal were chosen. It is shown that for the studied bimetallic systems, with the exception of Pd-Ru/C, it is possible to choose a sample preparation option that allows simultaneous quantitative determination of two components from one sample. The developed method of quantitative analysis is characterized by rather high accuracy. The relative error of the element determination does not exceed 3 %, the relative standard deviation is not more than 5 %. The results of the study can be used to analyze catalysts of similar chemical composition by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.


The formation and development of human capital as to thecurrent and future needs of production is a serious challenge for moden enterprises. Human capital, which is based on knowledge and skills, is themost important factor of production that determines the competitiveness and efficiency of the enterprise. One of the ways to solve this problem is the formation of the enterprise vocational education ecosystem, by combining with various educational organizations. The authors formulate the concept of a professional and educational ecosystem as a type of socio-economic ecosystem. The importance of interaction between ecosystem subjects as the basis for the emergence of synergistic effects is emphasized.The theoretical conclusions are supported by empirical material on the example of the professional and educational ecosystem of a large helicopter enterprise. The characteristic of the enterprise's professional and educational ecosystem is given. Emphasis is placed on the structural and specific description of the professional and educational ecosystem. The reasons for the formation of the professional and educational ecosystem of the enterprise and the way of its development are analyzed. The analysis of the effectiveness of the professional and educational ecosystem can be based on the stakeholder theory, based on the assessment of the results of the ecosystem by its main participants. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the professional and educational ecosystem of the enterprise, a survey of its participants was conducted on the importance of knowledge and skills acquired as a result of training, and satisfaction with them. On the basis of the poll results, a perceptual map was built by the analysis of Needs&Gaps. She demonstrated the most important attributes, describing the results of the professional and educational ecosystem from the perceptual of importance and satisfaction of participants in this ecosystem. The construction of the perceptual map made it possible to draw a conclusion about the high assessment of the participants of the ecosystem of practical skills acquired in the learning process. The results of the analysis of the professional and educational ecosystem of the enterprise confirm its effectiveness in solving the problem of human capital formation.


Abductive inferences are commonplace during natural language processing. Having identified some limitations of an existing parsimonious covering model of abductive diagnostic inference, we developed an extended, dual‐route version to address issues in word sense disambiguation and logical form generation. the details of representing knowledge in this framework and the syntactic route of covering are described in a companion article [V. Dasigi, Int. J. Intell. Syst., 9, 571‐608 (1994)]. Here, we describe the semantic covering process in detail. A dual‐route algorithm that integrates syntactic and semantic covering is given. Taking advantage of the "transitivity" of irredundant syntactic covering, plausible semantic covers are searched for, based on some heuristics, in the space of irredundant syntactic covers. Syntactic covering identifies all possible candidates for semantic covering, which in turn, helps focus syntactic covering. Attributing both syntactic and semantic facets to "open‐class" linguistic concepts makes this integration possible. an experimental prototype has been developed to provide a proof‐of‐concept for these ideas in the context of expert system interfaces. the prototype has at least some ability to handle ungrammatical sentences, to perform some nonmonotonic inferences, etc. We believe this work provides a starting point for a nondeductive inference method for logical form generation, exploiting the associative linguistic knowledge. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Data abstraction techniques such as filtering, sampling, clustering, and summarizing can be used to reduce the size of a large dataset while maintaining the dominant characteristics of the original data. They are widely used in multiresolution visualization systems to reduce visual clutter and facilitate analysis from overview to detail. However, analysts are usually unaware of how well the abstracted data represent the original dataset, which can impact the reliability of results gleaned from the abstractions. In this paper, we define two data abstraction quality measures for computing the degree to which the abstraction conveys the original dataset: the Histogram Difference Measure and the Nearest Neighbor Measure. Each is inspired by information and abstraction measures that have been successfully used in other disciplines, including pattern recognition, image retrieval, image compression and approximate query processing. These measures have been integrated within XmdvTool, a public-domain multiresolution visualization system for multivariate data analysis that supports sampling as well as clustering to simplify data. Each abstraction quality measure is computed based on the data abstraction being displayed and presented to the analysts. These measures can be used to indicate the confidence level of the discovered patterns. Thus analysts can make more accurate decisions. Several interactive operations are provided, including adjusting the data abstraction level, changing selected regions, and setting the acceptable data abstraction quality level. Conducting these operations, analysts can select an optimal data abstraction level, trading off between the data density on the screen and data abstraction quality. Also, analysts can compare different abstraction methods using the measures to see how well relative data density and outliers are maintained, and then select an abstraction method that meets the requirement of their analytic tasks. CR Categories: H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces—Graphical user interfaces I.5.3 [Pattern Recogn ition]: Clustering—Similarity Measures


Chronic hepatitis B is very difficult to be cured,and need a long term treatment to inhibit viral replication and improve the prognosis.The nucleos(t)ides licensed have been proved to be potent in anti-viral treatment,but most of them have a high rate of viral resistance in prolonged usage.Combination therapy with multi-drugs can efficiently lower the occurrence of viral resistance,and may be helpful to long-term treatment.


Abstract We investigate the long-run relationship between the US Dollar effective exchange and the oil prices (wti) over the period from January 1986 to August 2014. We allow for the relationship to be nonlinear by employing the hidden cointegration technique of Granger and Yoon (2002) and Schorderet (2004). The Quandt – Andrews approach allows accounting for structural breaks. The results reveal a long-run relationship between the two markets.


A demographic theory of urbanization is formulated through the use of an axiomatic model. Nine variables are initially included within the theoretically closed system. The basic hypotheses of the theory serve to specify relationships between certain pairs of the variables. The basic hypotheses are based upon valid, empirically established findings or the conceptualization of urbanization. Through the syllogistic technique the remaining hypotheses of the system are deduced from the basic hypotheses. Tests of the hypotheses indicate that two variables are not consistently related to others within the system. After the elimination of the two weak variables from the system the hypotheses are reformulated. It is suggested that the inclusiveness of the theory may be increased through the addition of crucial variables and basic hypotheses.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: average distance between duct orifices of the neighbouring Meibomian glands (MG), which open on the edge eyelid margin, (d) is measured and expressed in points. An average ratio of the MG duct orifice size and the neighbouring MG duct orifices distance (id) is derived. An average MG size visualised with the everted eyelid (g) is determined. An average ratio of the neighbouring MG distance and the average Meibomian gland size (ig) is derived. All the values found are expressed in points. A MG biometric index is calculated by a specific formula. If the index is 7-8 points, the morphofunctional status of the MG is considered to be normal; the index of 5-6 points shows a partial dysfunction of the MG, and 4 points - a pronounced dysfunction of the MG. EFFECT: method provides the qualitative assessment of morphofunctional disorders of the MG, conducting timely therapeutic measures by performing biomicroscopy, assessing 4 parameters found and the MG biometric index. 4 dwg, 2 ex


Abstract : A series of very fine particle ferrites ranging in size from 18 to 200 Angstroms was s bjected to magnetic resonance investigation. These particles show an increasing shift in resonance field with decreasing particle size. The behavior of this shift with decreasing temperature is more complicated. These and other results are discussed on the basis of 2 ferromagnetic resonance equations. The first of these equations removes the restrictions generally imposed in the derivation of the equation of ferromagnetic resonance. This equation should be useful in the description of resonance in macroscopic single crystal ferrites. The second equation takes account of the superparamagnetic nature of the particles and predicts results qualitatively in agreement with those observed. Some work on nickel oxide particles exhibiting weak ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic effects is described. (Author)


The embodiment of the invention discloses a geographical name identification method and a geographical name identification device. The method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps of performing word segmentation on character strings in a to-be-identified geographical name to obtain a candidate word set; looking up a standard geographical name matched with keywords from a standard geographical name data bank by taking candidate words in the candidate word set as the keywords, wherein the standard geographical name is the target geographical name of the to-be-identified geographical name. According to the method and the device disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the geographical name can be accurately identified.


This thesis deals with a special type of electrochemical corrosion - the filiform corrosion. This type of corrosion affects painted metals e.g., steel and light alloys in polluted atmosphere of marine and industrial environments. Theoretical part includes some of the up to date research on this topic. Experimental part compares means of corrosion durability tests and evaluates corrosion resistance of various pigmented and non-pigmented organic cotings.


The distributed temperature measurement system consists of computer management station and many monitoring stations. This paper describes configuration of multi-computer communication circuit and communication protocol format. Communication program design of receiving data is expounded. Specific process for serial port interrupt service program is analyzed and illustrated. The flow chart is given out. The realization idea of multi-computer communication is studied and analyzed. The function jump can be realized through comparing monitoring station's address by use of communication protocol. Computer management station can transfer and amend alarm upper limit for appointed room. The menu design of management station is realized by VB. Program design and communication control definition are completed. The menu of transferring alarm upper limit from management station is designed. The communication data exchange can be realized in distributed temperature measurement system. Real time temperature inspection and alarm for many rooms are accomplished. The management of multi-computer communication is realized.


Present some results of a descriptive study which aimed determine the characteristics of the oral language, at pragmatic and semantic level, in children between 8 and 10 years of age, in condition of displacement. A formal test based on quiroz and Nelly Delia test as well on puyuelo, Ronald and wing languege evaluation proposals. was applied difficultities at semantic level and 82.15% at the pragmatic level, significatly; affecting their academic and social performance. it is possible to conclude that the most altered was the semantic level, related to difficulties to establish similarities beyond the physical characteristics between objects. as well as indefining concrete words definitions they do only by function this paper shows the need for the phonoaudiologist to participate in the prevention of communication disorders of displaced populations and in their early diagnosis and treatment.


The article considers the cause of electromechanical equipment heating (EMЕ) during its operation. It has been reflected the well-known malfunctions of electric motors, that lead to overheating and failure of their individual components. Based on the analysis of existing methods of thermal diagnostics, It has been considered the trends in the creation of devices for monitoring thermal processes and it has been noted the reasons that restrain the use of technical diagnostics tools for thermal faults during the operation of EME. The purpose of this work was to increase the efficiency of the formation of initial information messages. Using the experimental data in the implementation of the EME working cycles, value of the thermal process velocity accompanying the variable technological modes with the bipolar behavior of the output ordinate were determined. Compared to the heating temperature, the rate of value change with a more noticeable contrast reflected the thermal events in the EME, thus determining the priority of this parameter to increase the efficiency of the measuring device. It has been considered methods of forming an array of initial data using a remote transducer sensor to control the heating temperature of equipment with a modulator. It has been proposed algorithms for the electronic formation of an array of initial values and their sorting according to the "principle of flotation", when a select variables, belonging to the heating processes or cooling of equipment, is provided. A way and an algorithm for determining the rate of temperature change based on current data using a D-shaper are considered. Experimental studies of the electronic components of the diagnostic device with the D-shaper of the initial data array elements confirmed their physical implementation possibility by hardware and software. The results of data arrays formation, taking into account digital sequences in int format with an error of ± 1 Hz, in contrast to the most controlled parameter – float with an error of ± 0.08 ° C, did not change the properties of information messages, but made it possible to reduce the requirements for a microcalculator or a computing device. The results, obtained using the proposed technical solution, confirmed the possibility of increasing the efficiency of thermal and diagnostic control, contributing to a more accurate identification of possible electric motor malfunctions in the EME. The work presents illustrations confirming the suitability of mathematical descriptions and algorithms for processing the initial data for their practical application in electronic measuring instruments for monitoring and diagnosing malfunctions based on thermal events.

Keywords: artificial neural network, remote control, modeling, parameter converter, modulator, transport, traction motor, identification, programming.


The thermal behavior of a commercial lithium-ion cell with the cathode material LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) was investigated during the cycling process using a Tian-Calvet calorimeter (C80, SETARAM Instrumentation, France). Various current flows of 42.5, 85, and 170 mA corresponding to charging rates of 0.5, 1, and 2 C, respectively, were applied in the measurements. The corresponding heat flow rates were measured by the C80 calorimeter at 30 °C. The reversible heat effect due to the reversible electrochemical reaction was quantified by the entropy change measurement. The irreversible heat effect due to internal resistances was determined by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). The results were compared with the direct measurement of the heat effect by calorimetry during electrochemical cycling.


Thalse,Anaximandros and Anaximennes,as representatives of Milesian School,are not different from Empedokles,Anaxagoras and Diogenes Apollinia either in living times or academic background.However,we can find the fact by comparing the three formers with the three latter separately: Empedokles,Anaxagoras,Diogenes Apollinia,reappears the development of the three representatives of Milesian School to some extent.Yet it is never a mechanical recurrence,but in fact,includes a lot of different aspects.


Muscle ultrasound (MUS) is increasingly used by neurologists, neuropediatricians, neurosurgeons, specialized radiologists and anaesthesiologists for the imaging-supported diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. Especially, MUS is highly sensitive in detecting fasciculations in motor neuron diseases, and in revealing intensive care unit acquired weakness. Hereditary and inflammatory myopathies are associated with distinct patters of echo-intensity changes of affected muscles. Moreover, MUS can be used for guiding needle biopsy of muscle lesions, and for targeting intramuscular botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection in neurological disorders with muscle hyperactivity. MUS-guidance of BoNT injection is especially recommendable in complex cervical dystonia, in task-related hand dystonia (writer's cramp, musician dystonia), and in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Modern ultrasound technologies such as sono-elastography, tissue Doppler, and high-definition microvasculature imaging allow for novel diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Recently, an international expert group reported consensus guidelines for neuromuscular ultrasound training. The present review provides a concise overview of well-established diagnostic and therapeutic applications of MUS in clinical neurology, with specific focus at MUS for targeting intramuscular BoNT injections.


Introduction: Transferred fats from utroplacental barrier have different concentration about their saturation degree. So, the diet during pregnancy seems to have an important role in determining the serum lipid level of the fetus. This study investigated the influence of modifying the maternal dietary fat on the serum lipids of the cord and one year old infants.
Methods: This single blind randomized clinical trail was done on 180 pregnant women who was at 4th month gestational age. All subjects proved to have a fat unmodified diet through a 4-day food record dietary questionnaire. We divided them randomly in two groups. The intervention group was kept on a fat-modified diet including saturated fatty acid < 10 percent, monounsaturated fatty acids: 10-15 percent, polyunsaturated fatty acid up to 10 percent and cholesterol <300 mg/day as well as a dietary advice for the pregnancy period. The control group were given. only the latter advice. All subjects were followed up monthly. The blood samples were done at delivery from cords and after one year from infants. The serum lipids including total cholesterol (T.cho), triglyceride (TG), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) were analyzed through enzymatic methods. The level of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by Friedewald formula.
Results: The mean level of T.cho in the interventional and control group was 70.3±15. 9,81.4±17.2 mg/dl, respectively (P<0.01). TG (85.3±16.7 VS 97.5± 18.2 mg/dl), LDL-C(27.8 ± 15.2 VS 34.8± 17.1 mg/dl) and non-HDL-C (44.5±7.2 VS 54.5 ± 8.1) wre higher in cord blood samples of unmodified dietary fat. In one year old infant the comparison of serum lipids were as follow: T.cho (145.7 ± 51.4 VS 161.4 ± 56.2, P<0.003), TG (90.1 ± 31.8 VS 98.3±33.1, P<0.02), LDL-C (85.6± 20.4 VS 92.3±19.6, P < 0,05) and non-HDL-C (113.6±30.2 VS 128.8±34.8,P < 0.04). There was no significant difference in HDL-C.
Discussion: According to the results, there is a significant decrease of T.cho, TG, LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels with no significant increase of HDL-C in the intervention group with the fat-modified diet. We conclude that the modifying maternal fat diet could be suitable way to prevent cardiovascular disease.


Notes the debate concerning the maintenance of trade union influence in employee participation schemes. Explains why unions have been prevented from significantly affecting the safety representative system in the UK offshore oil and gas industry. It is shown how representative training in particular prevents unions influencing the definition of the representative role. Categorises representatives by their motivation and the source of their role definition noting also the unintended consequences of their role performance. Concludes that structural conditions favour that representative role performance which is oriented to the goals of safety management.


According to the prior art, such as cooled liquid nitrogen subcooling fluid medium is pumped through the sub-cooler and evaporated in vacuo to the same medium cooled by the cooler via the sub. Then cooled liquid nitrogen is used as the coolant's energy. If the energy is only a small amount of nitrogen to dissipate heat, which may be arranged in the subcooler circuit to which this guide the liquid medium. In order to compensate for variations in volume, this circuit requires a compensation vessel, however, the compensation vessel is very expensive and, in addition, when using an external energy to heat the portion of the media or when using an inert gas must boil at a very low temperature It may only be run if there have been cold medium in the presence of a pressure compensation medium. Proposed according to the present invention, a container for supplying the liquid medium is integrated into the cooling circuit and serves as a compensation vessel. As a result, compensation can no longer use a separate vessel.


The class of J-lattices was originally defined in the second author's thesis and subsequently by Longstaff, Nation, and Panaia. A subspace lattice £ on a Banach space X which is also a J-lattice is called a J-subspace lattice, abbreviated JSL. It is demonstrated that every single element of AlgL has rank at most one. It is also shown that AlgL has the strong finite rank decomposability property. Let L 1 and L 2 be subspace lattices that are also JSL's on the Banach spaces X 1 and X 2 , respectively. The two properties just referred to, when combined, show that every algebraic isomorphism between AlgL 1 and AlgL 2 preserves rank. Finally we prove that every algebraic isomorphism between AlgL 1 and AlgL 2 is quasi-spatial.


With the advent of the high resolution digital television (DTV), the demand for personalized display techniques has dramatically increased. In order to meet this demand, it is necessary to provide users with a personalized display environment. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to enhance users' viewing experience. To this end, we break the personalized displays into three categories: raising immersiveness, better understanding of contents, and viewing pleasure. This system can be applied to the next generation DTV, which envisages personalized display techniques. Extension of the proposed system is our on-going work to provide more various personalized viewing options.


Patients in most of the cases cannot be rushed to hospitals quickly because of various problems such as, traffic, lack of fast transport service etc. So, this project aims at designing a mobile ECG monitoring system which can be used at normal households. The main objective is to make the system cost effective and more compact. This project comprises of basic steps of signal acquisition, pre-processing, analyzing and providing the result which will be explained in detail in the methodology.


Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a public health problem because of its great prevalence and the fact that the majority of the patients are not being treated or not following adequately the treatment for the disease. Therefore, there is an increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The underlying cause of death registered on the death certificates may stress the importance of this disease to society. Design, material and methods: Data were obtained from a database from the Department of Epidemiology of the Municipal Bureau of Health. Diabetic death rates were compared with the general population deaths in Rio de Janeiro during the years of 1994, 1995 and 1996, in relation to sex and age group criteria. Results: Among women of less than 50 years of age the mortality is equal, but after that the diabetics showed higher mortality rates. Among men, non-DM have higher mortality rates until 60 years of age, after that, diabetics showed higher death frequency. Conclusion: This study suggests that among DM patients, women showed higher percentile in the proportional mortality than men. However, among the non-DM the higher proportional mortality was found among men.


Tidal energy is one of the world's most predicable renewable energy sources and therefore holds great potential to be a valuable building block for the decarbonisation of electricity production. This paper focuses on a Venturi shaped duct structure (shroud) to accelerate the flow speed at a vertical axis tidal turbine utilising the low static pressure created at the exit of the shroud. This concept is known as a Davidson Hill Venturi (DHV) turbine. By constructing the nozzle and diffusor using hydrofoils, initial demonstrations indicate increased system efficiency. However, owing to the potential number of geometric and structural hydrofoil variations, only a general description of the location of the hydrofoils is provided in order to facilitate modelling while allowing for future geometric variations to be devised. The conducted investigations focus on the influence of the nozzle and diffusor sections as the main geometry variations, identifying the length component in the orthogonal direction as the dominant parameter. By modelling multiple combinations of these variables it is clear that higher fluid velocities result in larger forces which must be supported by the devices structure. Small adjustments to the reference geometries hydrofoil placement and spacing provided improvements to the fluid flow. Thus, taking the slight alteration to the geometry as this papers main outcome, a further in a 3D-simulation study, including turbine interaction and rotation, is to be completed to fully characterise the systems benefits. The insights gained from this work will allow a reduction in computational costs for the detailed optimisation and study into the adaption of the concept for a wide range of (environmental) boundary conditions.


As the gas pipe network scale expanding, the gas accident is also more and more. In this paper, based on the analysis on the features and harmfulness of gas leakage, from the aspects of gas leakage accident prevention study. In case-based Reasoning (CBR) method are studied, on the basis of to conduct the thorough research to the fuel gas leakage accident emergency plan, and set up plans library based on SQL Server database. This to improve the gas pipe network safe operation of the state, carry out the policy of prevention first and has practical significance. Finally gives the application of the empirical case and the evaluation algorithm of CBR method. Believe that in this paper, the enterprise has be certain helped to solve such problems.


This article introduces requisition of staff and equipment for integral whole mapping of office and field, mapping points density, traverse total length, precision of details surveying, quality control and data format are analyzed in quantification or quality. And the relevant viewpoints and suggestions are put forward.


The question of improvement of quality of training of students of high schools in subjects of an is natural-scientific cycle with application of information technologies is taken up.


Historiography, the writing of history, is an ancient and honorable endeavor. Amateurs and professionals, ancient and modern (and postmodern) have taken up the task of writing about the people, places, organizations, and events in order to satisfy their curiosity, create or correct the record, better understand the present, explain complex ideas, and facilitate healing of pathologies. Historians of music education, beginning in the 1920s, have taken up these tasks and contributed to these ends. As with their colleagues in other fields of history, music education historians confront some fundamental questions, whether they know it or not.[1]


A method for continuous monitoring (without sampling) of the crystallisation process was developped for ascorbic acid. The method is based on measuring ultrasound absorption (at 2 - 3 MHz) by an ascorbic acid suspension (satd. aq. soln.) containing a known amount of added ascorbic acid crystals und continuous stirring. The method allows measuring the concentration of crystals at any period of the crystallization process and at different temperature regiments. The results did not differ significantly from those obtained by the traditional gravimetric method.


To study the situation of groove filter entrapping volatile components in the mainstream smoke,a method of SDE-GC/MS was set up.And the condition was optimized by orthogonal experiment.The results showed that the number and the content of volatile components in the groove filter was the most and highest when the number of cigarettes and the condition of GC/MS were certain,the condition of SDE was concentration of NaCl 90 g/L,volume of NaCl 400 mL,volume of CH2Cl2 40 mL and extraction time 2.5 h.


While the business world is driven by success, not every project succeeds. Engineers also reach for success, but not everyone succeeds either. But failure, whether real or apparent, may often be prevented by a little management foresight. Managing people is not an exact science, and sometimes just the awareness of potential problems will help a manager perform this art more effectively. We'll examine here nine reasons why good engineers may fail. (We know why bad ones do.) We assume in all cases that the engineer is competent and has basically a good work ethic. Not all of the following cases are independent, and often more than one may apply to a situation. 1. Lack of the correct prerequisites. -- Imagine being asked to take Russian III without Russian I and II. Or how about Advanced Integrated Circuits without Introduction to Electricity? Both are cases of lacking a serial prerequisite. Examples abound in engineering projects. Someone may be hired with training in signal processing when what is needed is at least five years' experience designing underwater acoustic signal-processing algorithms for parallel processors. There are also parallel prerequisites. An engineering position may be given to someone with "a degree in an applied science with seven years' experience and Fortran," when the company actually needs someone with an engineering background who has patience and the communications skills to babysit customers as they define their requirements. All too often the following is heard, "He's got seven years' experience and/or he's a quick learner, so he should be able to pick it up quickly." Such assumptions pressure the employee to learn Russian I and II in three weeks. While many are willing and able to rise to the challenge, even the best-intentioned may fail. 2. Unrealistic expectations. -- Here, the belief is that an engineer with a good reputation can do anything. But not every engineer is a jack-of-all-trades or can pick up any assignment. For example, an engineer might have had thermodynamics and power in college and done well in both. He or she also did well in a first assignment in power, but may have no interest in or feel for an upcoming thermodynamics project. For senior engineers, the problem can be even worse: a series of successes in good situations may be followed by either a bad situation or a promotion involving the Peter Principle (where one rises to one's level of incompetence). Either may lead to a failure that will unjustly damage a hard-earned reputation. 3. Narrow skills. -- This is the final variation on the initial theme. The engineer is great as long as he is left in a field in which he feels secure, for example, Cobol programming on an IBM mainframe. In an extreme case, given an assignment outside this haven, he may even want to fail so that he may retreat to his prior, safe work. Of course, most engineers do not wish to fail, but the anxiety of stepping into a new area or the lack of prerequisites mentioned in situation No. 1 may be hard to overcome. The engineer's knowledge and skills may both be oriented toward one special area, and he or she may be much less valuable elsewhere, maybe even less valuable than a recent graduate. 4. No buy-in established. -- When an engineer is assigned to a project, the manager should establish the benefits to be gained by that engineer from the project's success. Those benefits should include sharing credit. A manager who takes all the credit for success -- and, even worse, spreads the blame around for failure -- will find it hard to get troops to follow him into the front line. Each manager should also back up this promise with action, especially "behind the employee's back." Everyone likes hearing from third parties that they have been given credit for a success. Conversely, many become suspicious if promises and praise are given in private and not in public. …


A formidable team, Sarah and Fred Gess spent in excess of 40 years patiently observing the lives of wasps and bees on numerous extended field trips, mostly into the more arid western areas of southern Africa. Their passion for insects, combined with careful observation and dedicated documentation of data facilitated the elucidation of the intricate nature of the ecology and behaviour of Africa's wasps and bees. With their complementary expertise and skills, Fred and Sarah compiled a comprehensive knowledge base that will serve the scientific and conservation communities well into the future. The culminated data are now available in two excellent SANBI publications, both richly illustrated with colour photographs and containing a wealth of biological information, providing valuable baseline data for future conservation assessments.


Abstract : A family of biocompatible, biodegradable poly(ester urethane)urea (PEUUR) biomaterials has been developed that degrade to non-toxic by-products and support the attachment and proliferation of cells. These two component materials are synthesized by reactive liquid molding, thus rendering them suitable for injection or casting into molds to form a desired shape. The clinical goal is to develop biologically active cast and injectable PEUUR biomaterials that promote bone wound healing and decrease the incidence of nonunions and infection.


On 11 August 1779 the magistrates of Lille published a minutely detailed ordinance designed to reform funeral and burial practices in that northern French city. Since the Middle Ages it had been the practice in Lille, as in other French cities, to bury the deceased within the parish grounds. Depending upon the status of the deceased, burial would take place under the choir of the church (solennels); under a lateral wing (demi-solennels); or in one of the two exterior cemeteries adjoining the church—the first of which was for ordinary parishioners (bourgeois), the second for unbaptized children. Briefly, the Ordinance of 1779 established a common cemetery outside of the city walls and forbade further burials in the five parish cemeteries of Lille. The four traditional distinctions by rank were maintained in the new cemetery and a system of funeral hearses drawn by horses was introduced by the magistrates to transport the deceased to the new cemetery. The ordinance was the product of several years of negotiation among the magistrates of Lille, the Bishop of Tournai, and royal authorities at Versailles. This reform was partially the result of a new campaign for urban hygiene or l'air pur and an attempt by the magistrates to appropriate valuable urban property since the ordinance stipulated that parishes would sell their cemetery land to the magistrates.


The performance of the Bach-type Savonius wind turbine with a constant cross-section is examined by means of quasi 2D and 3D flow predictions obtained from ANSYS CFX. Simulations were performed in a way allowing for a comparison with the wind tunnel data presented by Kamoji et al. The comparison with the experiment has revealed that 2D solutions give much higher deviation from the reference data than the 3D ones, which guarantees a good solution quality. It can be stated that even simplified (lack of laminar-turbulence transition modelling and a coarser mesh) 3D simulations can yield more accurate results than complex 2D solutions for turbines with a low aspect ratio. The paper also presents a systematic analysis of the most characteristic flow structures which are identified in the rotor.


The elemental composition of 100 oxalate type (only whewellite, weddellite and their mixture) urinary stones was determined by ICP OES. The calcium content varies from 130 to 320 g/kg; phosphorus – from 1.6 to 28 g/kg; sodium – from 0.54 to 8.7 g/kg; Ba, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Sr and Zn – from 0.0002 to 2.0 g/kg. The correlation analysis (Spearman rank correlation) showed a very weak tightness of the relationship between the elements of Ca/Li; a weak bond tightness for the pairs of elements Ba/Ca, Ba/Mg, Ba/Sr; Ca/Fe, Ca/Na, Ca/Sr; Fe/Mg, Fe/P, Fe/Sr, Fe/Zn; Li/Mg; Mg/Sr, Mg/Zn; P/Zn; average bond tightness for pairs of elements Ca/Mg, K/Na, Mg/P. All these correlations are positive.