IntroductionEthics and its definition is one of the most complex and elusive topics of all ages leading to various descriptions and characteristics depending on philosophers' worldview. However, it can be said that ethics is rooted in ethos, the Greek word which is the knowledge of destructive and resuscitative qualities and how to be adorned with such liberating properties and be released from ruinous characteristics (Modarresi, 2009: 17). Accompanied with "ethics" discussion as a philosophical subject, there is another topic named "morals" which can be interpreted as "ethics in the public domain". In addition to ethics and moral philosophy, scholars have established another branch of knowledge whose duty is to study moral issues and events in an attainment manner as a series of social phenomena that can be examined. As a matter of fact, ethics is a branch of sociology that investigates people's moral behaviors and manners in the society in different times and places (Ibid: 21-22). According to above mentioned, it can be concluded that what can be pursued in the literature of ethics concept is the "morals" not ethics in its philosophical sense. When reviewing ethical components of Nima's poetry, we also can see that what is displayed as moral issues in his poems can only be defined within the society and in dealing with all of its elements. Some of these ethical implications are as old as the history of human beings and some others could only be defined in the context of today's civil society and in connection with phenomena such as modernity. What is of great significance in Nima's poetry is the fact that he always highlights "individuality" and addresses the elements of lower importance such as soldier, kharkan (one who digs up prickly bushes) and night watcher as it can be referred to as one of Nima's innovations in the field of revolutionizing lyrics content. The traditional approach to the society system chain in the classic poetry is an individual and mechanical standpoint that disregards linkages between components and only considers larger and more important loops. But the new community approach to the society is of organic kind in which every component no matter how small it s affects other elements and gets affected by them (Abbasi, 2006: 172). This organic approach to the society is a topic that has turned into an evolved feature in Nima's poetry.DiscussionTo illustrate the place of ethics in the literature, we need to first understand what literature's nature is. This becomes clearer to some extent if we accept that the nature of any object is defined according to its function. Questions about functions and duties of literature has a long history and dates back to Plato time. After poets were driven from Plato's utopian society for reasons like imitation, tendency to romanticizing and ignoring reason, figures such as Aristotle, Horace and Sydney seems to have moderated this concept and described some privileges and advantages of literature that happened to have moral functions inside. Aristotle believes that what poets do is of great importance as they address issues that might happen so he defines tragedy by introducing catharsis or purification to point to its ethical use. After him, Horace defines two properties for poetry one creating pleasure and the other usefulness. Pleasure comes from creator's (poet) fair-minded endeavor and the usefulness is related to making abominable affairs look more beautiful and encouraging the reader to evolve and get better which highlights the stance of morality. Sydney introduces the poet as a teacher of ethical knowledge and believes that "a lie can also be a good thing provided that it is a virtual and symbolic way to teach moral principles" (Ditches, 2009: 99). He believes that poetry is only the most excellent means of declaration and its value lies in what it passes on. In his treatise, "A defense of Poetry" and against accusations charged by the church followers who were influenced by Plato's spiritual thoughts, Sydney demonstrates poet as the teacher of ethics and thus bridges literature and philosophy and mentions the moral function of poetry. …


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: described are new 4-sulfonyl-or sulfinyl benzoyl guanidine of formula I: wherein R 6 is alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms of phenyl, n is 1 or 2 or physiologically tolerable salts thereof. Said compounds show antiarrhythmic properties and act as inhibitors of cellular Na/H anticarrier. Also described are method of preparation of said compounds and composition based thereon. EFFECT: improved properties of the title compounds. 5 cl, 1 dwg, 18 ex, 1 tbl


The final purpose of countryside human resource development is to increase the income of farmers.We should adjust measures to local conditions and emphasize particularly practice,while exerting pattern of participataion to improve the particiption enthusiasm of country labor force. The government can enhance the efficiency of countryside human resource development by the innovation of educational system and the guarantee of health care service.At the same time,it will be an important approach to improve efficiency that NGO's participate to countryside human resource development.


Abstract A system of 500 MHz transient digitizers based on gallium arsenide resistive gate charged coupled devices has been developed for an experiment to study rare K decays. CCDs with dynamic range of 8-bits and 128 or 320 pixels are used as analog pipelines. The CCDs are driven by a single phase transport system. Data readout and manipulation occurs at 15.6 MHz.


We have studied the excited state relaxation processes of monomeric and aggregated diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (DTDCI) by means of picosecond absorption spectroscopy. The strongly interacting chromophores of dimers and trimers are found to have very fast and efficient radiationless processes, whose rates are independent of temperature and viscosity, but strongly dependent on solvent dielectric constant. These results and similar ones for the covalently linked bis‐DTDCI dimer allow us to identify the relaxation mechanism and suggest a theoretical model which accounts for the observations. We suggest that the radiationless processes are induced by the very strong dipole–dipole interactions between the units of the aggregate; analogies to the so called medium induced radiationless processes are also made. Estimates of the relaxation rates in the aggregated dye yields values which are in order‐of‐magnitude agreement with the measured values.


In this paper we investigate the diversity performance of return link for wideband DS-CDMA, which has been considered as one of the promising multiple access options in the future LEO mobile satellite communication systems. Since there are fundamental differences in the channel characteristics between the LEO mobile satellite and terrestrial mobile systems, such as a small delay spread and the varying elevation angles, these factors must be taken into consideration for channel simulation model. In our simulative studies, the concerning channel model is based on the actual measurement data from European Space Agency (ESA), which further provides the specific model parameters to capture both rural and urban area channel characteristics. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the performance of the different diversity techniques, namely multi-satellite diversity and multi-path diversity schemes, which play an essential role to cope the performance degradation due to the low elevation angle under the different mobile satellite channel environments. It is shown that the different types of diversity techniques can be successfully applied to combat the performance degradation due to the low elevation angle. In particular, the simulation results confirm that the multi-satellite and multipath diversity schemes are useful in the rural and urban areas respectively as the urban area is dominated by the wideband channel characteristics as opposed to the rural area.


Abstract Desmostachya bipinnata, Gramineae (Poaceae) family, has been traditionally used in treatment of various disorders like asthma, kidney stone, diarrhoea, wound healing etc. Several extracts of Desmostachya bipinnata were prepared. Ex-vivo estimation of contractile responses of guinea pig ileum were measured for prepared extracts against histamine and compared with chlorphenirame. All the extracts were able to contract guinea pig ileum while alcoholic extract was superior among all. Such results indicated that prepared extract possess good anti-histaminic activity, which was further confirmed with histamine induced lethality test. Histamine induced lethality in guinea pigs was prevented when the extracts were administered prior to histamine injection in guinea pigs. Hence, it is concluded that the extracts possess anti-histaminic activity and may possess anti-asthmatic potential.


In an overspeed protection apparatus for a gas turbine engine having a turbine rotated by combustion gas injected from a combustion chamber to drive a compressor, a fuel shutoff valve to shut off fuel to be supplied to the engine and a controller controlling operation of the fuel shutoff valve based on a turbine rotational speed to protect the turbine from overspeed, an outlet pressure of the compressor is detected and compared with a threshold value when a shutoff command is outputted, and the fuel shutoff valve is determined to be failed when the detected pressure is not less than the threshold value, thereby enabling to promptly detect the fuel shutoff valve failure without additional installing sensor, thereby enhancing the reliability


Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to investigate the role of pre-existing dislocation loops on the shock-induced deformation and spall behavior of single-crystal Cu microstructures. This study investigates the role of loading orientation and initial density of pre-existing dislocations on the decay behavior of the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) as well as the damage nucleation and growth behavior during spall failure of single-crystal Cu systems. The results suggest that the presence of pre-existing dislocation loops results in a decrease of the shock wave velocity and a substantial decay of the HEL values. The increased decay behavior is attributed to the decrease in the density of Shockley partials at the shock front as the shock wave travels through the metal as compared to defect-free initial single-crystal microstructures. Similarly, the presence of pre-existing dislocations is observed to result in increased values for the spall strength as compared to defect-free initial single-crystal microstructures wherein a higher density of dislocations results in the nucleation of a larger number of smaller voids. The decay behavior of the HEL values is observed to have a power–law dependence on the shock propagation distance with the initial dislocation density as a parameter. Similarly, a power–law dependence is also proposed for the number of voids nucleated at the spall plane with a dependence on the size of the voids as well as the initial density of dislocations. The evolution of microstructure (dislocation densities and voids) for the various loading orientations and initial densities of dislocations is discussed.


One study to generate SVG Touristic Map using shapefile had been done. The study solved the problem cost of e-government implementation using Internet-GIS in tourism service. This reports the results of an effort to develop a software called "ITMG". To develop software, the waterfall methodology was used in this study. The study used Visual Basic, Access, MapObjects and ASP. The ITMG was tested using Padang Map.The results showed that the ITMG fulfills the user requirements in tourism service. Keywords: e-Governmen, Internet, GIS, Map - Shapefile


This article argues that Black Consciousness as a philosophy transcends all political organisations and ideologies, because its architects were interested in rallying the whole country to fight apartheid regardless of political affiliation. The same consciousness that was raised in the 1960s could still influence political business today in democratic South Africa. To this end, a selection of values and principles of Black Consciousness has been examined that could be used in various sectors to ensure that our democracy is strengthened and protected. Some of those values and principles include: (1) a sense of solidarity in the face of adversity; before 1994, it was apartheid and today it is poverty; (2) the importance of the value of self-reliance in the face of unemployment and joblessness; (3) the value of self-understanding in Africa and globally as a country and (4) the critical role that education plays towards the total liberation of the whole person.


This work aims to study the preparation and characterization of curcumin and gold nanorods-loaded albumin nanoparticles and investigate its treatment for MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro. Gold nanorods (GNRs) were prepared by seedless method. While the curcumin and gold nanorods-loaded albumin nanoparticles (Cur/GNRs-BSA-NPs) were prepared by desolvation-crosslinking method, with the characteristics detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and ultraviolet photometer. The results indicated that the GNRs and Cur/GNRs-BSA-NPs were prepared successfully. The prepared GNRs, which are rectangular and round-ended, have uniform sizes and good dispersion. The Cur/GNRs-BSA nanoparticles were spherical with exact average diameter of 190nm. The Cur/GNRs-BSA-NPs did not show cytotoxicity in vitro after tested by the CCK-8 assay. Thermodynamic test was employed to observe the temperature change of various doses of Cur/GNRs-BSA-NPs at the near-infrared (NIR) light exposure with the wavelength of 808 nm and the output power of 2.5 W. It was found that the Cur/GNRs-BSA-NPs induced significant temperature elevation and curcumin release upon irradiation with NIR light. The anti-tumor effect on MCF-7 human cancer cells treated with Cur/GNRs-BSA-NPs in vitro was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. The experimental results revealed that Cur/GNRs-BSA-NPs could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells with combined treatment. Moreover, the coating of albumin could help reduce toxicity of GNRs and improve the bioavailability of the insoluble curcumin. The Cur/GNRs-BSA-NPs developed in this work present a new potential method combining both traditional Chinese and western medical treatment for human breast cancer.


We propose here a novel method of factor profiling (FP) for ultra high dimensional variable selection. The new method assumes that the correlation structure of the high dimensional data can be well represented by a set of low-dimensional latent factors (Fan et al., 2008). The latent factors can then be estimated consistently by eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition. They should be profiled out subsequently from both the response and predictors. Such an operation is referred to as FP. Obviously, FP produces uncorrelated predictors. Thereafter, the method of sure independent screening (Fan and Lv, 2008, SIS) can be applied immediately. This leads to profiled independent screening (PIS). PIS is shown to be selection consistent, even if the predictor dimension is substantially larger than the sample size. To further improve PIS, a novel method of profiled sequential screening (PSS) is proposed. PSS shares similar strength as forward regression (Wang, 2009a) but is computationally even simpler. Numerical studies are presented to corroborate our theoretical findings.


Although the technology has only reached the proof-of-concept stage, new 3DTV sets have already introduced the concept of converting 2D video and image content for 3D viewing. Given that the key differentiator and ultimate success factor is visual quality, it requires advancing from the objective of generating an acceptable stereo pair from a monoscopic source to generating a robust conversion of a multiplicity of 2D contents using a seamless combination of depth analysis and stereo view generation algorithms. In this paper we discuss the interlocked technical and visual quality requirements of a general conversion method and the key R&D issues that we believe need to be solved in order to succeed in the CE market.


This paper presents a novel photolithography fabrication process for building V-cut grooves utilizing controlled light source refraction. This fabrication method is an important platform for next-generation information displays.


has a solution f{z) in H°°(D). Since L. Carleson characterized the interpolating sequence in the unit disk in [3], several authors have studied interpolating sequences in more general plane domains (for example [2], [7]). In this paper we study interpolating sequences in an arbitrary plane domain and in a certain plane domain satisfying some geometrical condition. In § 2, we show the following theorem by which we see that the interpolating sequence can be characterized in terms of its local behavior.


Aim: The aim of this work is to compare between the ultrathin descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (UT-DSAEK) and the contact lens-assisted pull through (endothelium in) descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) as a treatment for Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy Methods: All consecutive patients were operated on by the same surgeon (M.B.) at Villa Serena-Villa Igea Private Hospitals, Forli, Italy, from January 2016 through June 2017 were included in a prospective study Results: Eighty-two eyes in the DMEK group, two hundreds and fifty five eyes in the UT-DSAEK group completed 1-year follow-up Mean BCVA in DMEK patients was 0.28±0.14 preoperatively and increased to 0.87±0.22 at 3 months and to 0.97±0.21 at 6 months and then increased to 0.99±0.15 at 1 year after surgery. Increase in BCVA compared to the UT-DSAEK groups was statistically significant at 1 month (p 1 <0.001, p 2 <0.001), 3 months (p 1 <0.001, p 2 <0.001), 6 months (p 1 <0.001, p 2 <0.001) and even at 1 year (0.001, p 2 <0.001). Mean BCVA in UT-DSAEK< 100 μm patients was 0.29±0.14 preoperatively and increased to 0.87±0.21 at 1 year after surgery. Increase in BCVA at 3 months surgery was statistically significant ( p=0.021 ) compared with the other UT-DSAEK group with grafts thicker then 100 μm indicating faster visual rehabilitation with thinner grafts but at 6 months and at 1 year there was no significant differences Conclusions: visual recovery is significantly faster and better in the DMEK group


Abstract. In order to make full use of local neighborhood information for high-resolution remote sensing images, this study combined iterative slow feature analysis (ISFA) and stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) to improve the change detection precision. First, this approach introduced ISFA for initial change detection in an unsupervised way, which enlarged the separability of changed and unchanged areas. Then, by setting different membership degrees, the changed and unchanged samples were obtained through fuzzy-means clustering. Finally, the change model was built by SDAE to represent the local neighborhood features deeply, and the change detection result can be obtained after all the samples were fed into the model. Experiments were performed on three real datasets, and the results validated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.


Shrinking cities have become increasingly prevalent worldwide due to various factors, which pose serious challenges to affected areas in terms of population decline, economic decline, and spatial deterioration. While existing research studies have focused on identifying shrinking cities, there is a need for global projections to mitigate uncertainties in their growth trajectories. Spatially explicit population grids offer a new approach to identifying potentially shrinking cities with sufficient spatial resolution. By utilizing a global gridded population dataset from 2020 to 2100 under the SSP2 (Middle of the Road) scenario, we produce a global projection map for future shrinking cities. Among the total 19,024 natural cities, 9682 cities (50.9%) will face population decline and 1751 cities (9.2%) may lose more than half population by 2100. Cities in East Asia and East Europe may face serious population decline.


The paper presents examples of the validation of numerical models using measured and calculated results from a range of research projects undertaken at the Applied Electromagnetics Research Group at the University of York. These aim to show that both the measurement and computational model are approximate representations of the real world, and that significant effort must be made to ensure that they are sufficiently similar if useful results and validation are to be obtained. We also discuss how the choice of metrics for the comparison of numerical, analytical and measured data is influenced by the nature of the EM problem being investigated.


Introduction The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator free flap is the gold standard for autologous breast reconstruction. However, using a single vascular pedicle may not yield sufficient tissue in patients with midline scars or insufficient lower abdominal pannus. Double-pedicled free flaps overcome this problem using different vascular arrangements to harvest the entire lower abdominal flap. The literature is, however, sparse regarding technique selection. We therefore reviewed our experience in order to formulate an algorithm and comprehensive classification for this purpose. Methods All patients undergoing unilateral double-pedicled abdominal perforator free flap breast reconstruction (AFFBR) by a single surgeon (CMM) over 40 months were reviewed from a prospectively collected database. Results Of the 112 consecutive breast free flaps performed, 25 (22%) utilised two vascular pedicles. The mean patient age was 45 years (range = 27–54). All flaps, but one (which used the thoracodorsal system), were anastomosed to the internal mammary vessels using the rib-preservation technique. The surgical duration was 656 min (range = 468–690 min). The median flap weight was 618 g (range = 432–1275 g) and the mastectomy weight was 445 g (range = 220–896 g). All flaps were successful and only three patients requested minor liposuction to reduce and reshape their reconstructed breasts. Conclusion Bipedicled free abdominal perforator flaps, employed in a fifth of all our AFFBRs, are a reliable and safe option for unilateral breast reconstruction. They, however, necessitate clear indications to justify the additional technical complexity and surgical duration. Our algorithm and comprehensive classification facilitate technique selection for the anastomotic permutations and successful execution of these operations. Levels of evidence Therapeutic level IV.


Grid‐based Clustering and semaphores have garnered improbable interest from both securityexperts and information theorists in the lastseveral years. In fact, few leading analystswould disagree with the effect of useful visiting of social commerce consumers, which embodies the typical principlesof e‐commerce. In this paper, weverify that not only model checking and evolutionary programming can cooperate to solve this problem, but also improve the networks practically.


Pilot workload is rapidly approaching unmanageable proportions. Programs involving sensor fusion and technologies such as Head-up-Displays and Multi-function Displays are being pursued to help the pilot reduce workload and increase their situational awareness. The Helmet-Mounted Systems Technology program office is developing an integrated Helmet-mounted Display system which will dramatically increase the pilot's situational awareness under all operational conditions and improve weapon system mission effectiveness. In order to aecomplish this, the program must take into account requirements, current state-of-the-art and projected availability of technologies. The HMST program office uses a System Engineering approach to tie together the key technologies and interfaces which are required in the development of helmet-mounted displays. Several of the key technologies discussed in this paper include 3-D audio, a high voltage quick disconnect connector, displays and standardized symbology.


The subject to solution of this paper will be the analysis of clusters as a tool for advance in competitiveness of economies with a practical focus on the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria. It is a very topical theme both in the Czech Republic and other European countries, especially in context of challenges of globalization and also within the range of realization of the reforms related to the Lisbon Strategy. The importance of clusters in the field of competitiveness shows itself more and more clearly in context of the deepening of the process of globalization of the world economy. Despite the uniting effect of globalization there are significant differences between countries in the terms of specialization, competitiveness and industrial dynamism. Competitive branches and industrial clusters can keep their successful position contrary to efforts of other subjects to imitate their activities. The origin of sustainable competitive advantages can be seen predominantly in the combination of internal and external sources that are available in national or regional entrepreneurial environment. The sources, including human sources, capital and physical assets are insufficient. The essential assumption of the competitive environment is its dynamism. Sources and abilities must lead to perpetual perfection in mutually boosting process. Just the clusters influence in a positive direction the dynamism of sources and mutual cooperation of the participants in economic system (firms, universities, research institutions etc.) while keeping healthy competitive environment.


The background of this study is the lack of students tolerance attitude and their learning achievement. This study aims to improve their tolerance attitude and learning achievement through Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted with snakes and ladders media. This is a classroom action research using CAR procedures according to Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. It consists of four stages: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. It included 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of two meetings; each meeting has one lesson plan. The subjects of this study were grade IV students, amounting to 30 students consisting of 11 males and 19 females. The researcher used test and non-test techniques for data collection tools. The results of this classroom action research show an improvement of the students' tolerance and their learning achievement at each meeting in each cycle. It can be concluded that the use of Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted with snakes and ladders media can effectively improve the students' tolerance attitude and their learning achievement on the theme 8 Daerah Tempat Tinggalku (Place Where I Live).


In this essay a documentary journey is made about the conceptual implications of cooperation agreements between the national army and companies in the electricity - generation and transmission- sector observing its operation and regulation, in light of the current threats affect the security of the energy sector embodied in the main generators Risk Agents and their impact on the operation of enterprises, thus exposing the operational difficulties that arise in these , with the ultimate goal of establishing a strategy to raise performance improvements conventions and whose implementation involves greater effectiveness of support between the Army and the electric sector for security companies and public risk reduction across the board .


In an earlier paper, a general risk equation, applicable to all non growth systems, and inclusive of financial systems, was derived. It related expected throughput capacity of any system to both system resources and positive risk of loss of throughput capacity. Two risk measures were required, a new MEL‐risk measure, and the conventional standard‐deviation risk measure. In this paper we show that the two apparently distinct risk measures are intimately related, and that which one is appropriate depends merely on the time period over which the risk is calculated. We show, ultimately by application of the Central Limit Theorem, that if we merely sufficiently alter the time period, at some point the need for one measure will transition into the need for the other, without any change in the underlying physical system. This leads to a comprehensive risk measure that defaults to either the MEL‐risk measure, or standard‐deviation measure, depending not on the physical system, but merely on the time period over which the risk is calculated.


In this paper we show results from a packet-level traffic characterization aiming at finding spatial and temporal invariances of TCP based applications, such as HTTP and SMTP. We developed a methodology and a software architecture to build packet-level statistical characterization of network traffic based on large traces captured from wide area networks. In order to show the efficacy of the proposed packet-level approach, we applied our methodology to the traffic generated by applications running over HTTP - a typology of traffic that has been extensively studied in literature even if, as far as we know, no accurate packet-level characterization has been proposed as yet with regard to it - and to SMTP traffic. We analyzed traffic from high-speed access links of two different networks and, contrary to common beliefs, the results show properties of spatial and temporal invariance. The study of SMTP has been proposed to demonstrate the generalization of a packet-level approach. Indeed, results prove the general applicability of the methodology and, at the same time, how - also at packet level - different traffic shows different characterizations. Characterization results can be used in platforms for traffic simulation (like ns or ssfnet) and traffic generation (like D-ITG or MGEM)


Recently, human resource practices have been considered as the foremost solution for high organizational performance and attained the focus of recent studies and regulators. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of human resource practices such as recruitment and selection, training and development, reward and compensation, and performance management on SMEs performance in Pakistan. The present research also examines the mediating role of employee engagement among the nexus of recruitment and selection, training and development, reward and compensation, performance management, and SMEs performance in Pakistan. This research has adopted the questionnaires to collect the data and executed the smart-PLS to analyze the data. The results revealed that recruitment and selection, training and development, reward and compensation, and performance management have a positive association with SMEs' performance. The findings also exposed that employee engagement positively mediating the links among recruitment and selection, training and development, reward and compensation, performance management, and SMEs performance in Pakistan. This study has provided the guidelines to the policymakers that they should extend their focus towards human resource practices that improve organizational performance.


Aim and objectives. This study aims at understanding the experiences of mothers of children with DS about breastfeeding, identifying their perceptions and practices about the breastfeed process. Background. Down syndrome or Trisomy 21, a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, and affects 1/ 1000 newborns Evidence shows that Children with Down Syndrome are breastfed less often than other children. Breastfeeding Children with Down Syndrome, is utmost important to reinforce the immune function due to their susceptibility to other diseases. It is also during the feeding that will occur early stimulation of oral and facial muscles, as these children are born with generalized muscular hypotonia. Another important factor is the strengthening of the bond mother-child. Design. This study has a qualitative approach with a purposive sample of ten mothers of children with Down syndrome. Methods. A snowball sampling was used for participant's selection, due to the difficulty to access the population. Participants were interviewed in their home. The semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim for content analysis. Results. Three categories emerged: (1) "The breastfeeding experience" involving the process of breastfeeding, the breast milk, feelings and difficulties of this practice. (2) "Experiences of health care", encompassing the support received by health professionals, dissatisfaction with health services, lack of support in breastfeeding and disgust with health professional behavior. (3) "Learning about Down syndrome," with search for information by parents and advice to health professionals.


This paper investigates the association between the price of iron ore and stock prices with the intention to explore the impact of the recently emerged strong correlation between iron ore and Australian share prices. We confirm that share prices in Australia, the world's largest iron ore exporter, are positively correlated with the iron ore spot price and that the impact varies significantly in strength and magnitude across different industry sectors. Interestingly we find that there is a direct link between the price of iron ore and economic activity in other sectors than Resources and Industrials, these impacted sectors are Consumer Goods, Consumer Services, Telecom and Financials. These results are shown to be consistent for six other major iron ore exporting countries including Brazil, South Africa, Canada, Sweden, Russia and United States. A lead-lag analysis suggests that iron ore price information transmits slowly with dissimilar impacts across different industries. The results indicate that iron ore should be included in asset pricing models applied to resource-driven economies.


For the development of software intensive systems different types of behavioural specifications are used. Although such specifications should be consistent with respect to each other, this is not always the case in practice. Maintainability problems are the result. In this paper we propose a technique for assessing the consistency of two types behavioural specifications: scenarios and state machines. The technique is based on the generation of state machines from scenarios. We specify the required mapping using model transformations. The use of technologies related to the model driven architecture enables easy integration with widely adopted (UML) tools. We applied our technique to assess the consistency of the behavioural specifications for the embedded software of copiers developed by Oce. Finally, we evaluate the approach and discuss its generalisability and wider applicability


By a theorem due to Sklar, a multivariate distribution can be represented in terms of its underlying margins by binding them together using a copula function. By exploiting this representation, the "copula approach" to modelling proceeds by specifying distributions for each margin, and a copula function. In this article, a number of copula functions are given, with attention focusing on members of the Archimedean class. This class of copulas is shown to be su¢ciently rich in regard to permitting various distributional attributes as may be desired when modelling. The article then proceeds by applying the copula approach to construct models for data that may su¤er from sample selection. When Archimedean copulas are used, expressions are obtained for the log-likelihood and score that facilitate maximum likelihood estimation. The literature on selection models is almost exclusively based on multivariate normal speci...cations. Consequently, the extension to multivariate non-normality made possible by adopting a copula approach, contributes a new source of modelling technique to the practitioner's toolkit. Examples of self-selection models for labour supply, and for the duration of hospitalisation, illustrate the application of the copula approach to modelling.


LVADs serve as a bridge to transplantation for many dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients with advanced heart failure. In rare cases, mechanical unloading can lead to reverse myocardial remodeling sufficient for the removal of LVAD. We recreated the first reverse remodeling process
 in vitro
 in order to examine the role of active actin-myosin contraction and fibroblasts in contributing to this recovery, and to test the efficacy of drugs commonly prescribed for concurrent use with LVAD implantation. Engineered heart tissue (EHT) were prepared from decellularized porcine ventricular scaffolds in a proof-of-concept animal model with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and subsequently with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and adult human cardiac fibroblasts. Mechanical stretch and myosin inhibition were used to simulate the pathological remodeling of DCM. Preliminary animal data showed that our model was able to capture the key features of DCM and reverse remodeling process including improved slack length, tissue stiffness, and active kinetics following mechanical unloading. β-adrenergic receptor response, protein assay, immunohistochemistry, and genetic analysis are being carried out to comprehensively investigate reverse remodeling in this artificial human system. Additional drug studies aim to investigate how reverse remodeling is affected by concurrent administration of β
 1
 antagonists and β
 2
 agonists (typical drug regimen for heart failure) and may inform new potential treatment during mechanical unloading to promote beneficial reverse remodeling for patients.


Pseudoaneurysm (PSA) formation, in an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) undergoing hemodialysis, can occur as a result of frequent venipunctures and can lead to a weakened vessel wall. Since many dialysis patients' lives depend on their weekly hemodialysis sessions, complications that result from dialysis require treatment. A PSA can be a life-threatening complication, especially for these patients. Sonography has been demonstrated to be a useful modality of choice in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of a PSA. The sonographic appearance of a PSA using gray-scale, color, and spectral Doppler can play a significant role in ruling out other diagnoses. A case study is presented of a dialysis-dependent patient who developed a PSA in his dialysis access site. Sonography played a key role in the diagnosis and follow-up for this specific case. Due to the risks involved with these patients, there is an essential need for sonographers to be competent in performing these examinations. Evaluation of the AVF to check for patency and a thorough assessment of the PSA are required.


Plume expansion from nine space shuttle and Titan IV vehicles was measured at altitudes of 18, 24, and 30 km in the stratosphere. The plume diameters, inferred from electronic images of polarized, near-infrared solar radiation scattered from the exhaust particles, increased linearly with time. The expansion rate was measured for as long as 50 min. Observations made simultaneously at multiple altitudes showed that the expansion rate increased with increasing altitude for six measurements made at Cape Canaveral but decreased between 24 and 30 km for the one measurement made at Vandenberg Air Force Base. The average expansion rates for all measurements are 4.3 ± 1.0 m s -1 at 18 km, 6.8 ± 1.9 m s -1 at 24 km, and 8.7 ± 2.4 m s -1 at 30 km. Expansion rates varied from launch to launch by as much as a factor of 1.6 at 18 km, 2.2 at 24 km, and 2.6 at 30 km. No correlation between the expansion rate and wind speed or wind shear was evident. These data are compared with several models for diffusivity and are used to update a comprehensive particle model of solid rocket motor exhaust in the stratosphere. The expansion rates are required by models to calculate the spatial extent and temporal persistence of the local stratospheric ozone depletion cause by solid rocket exhaust.


INTRODUCTION
The involvement of eyelashes and eyelids by dermatophytes is unfrequent.

CASE REPORT
We describe such a case in a 48 year old woman, who presented with unilateral blepharitis, resistant to topical treatments with antiseptics, antibiotics and corticosteroids. Diagnosis was suspected by magnifying lens and Wood's light examination; Microsporum canis was isolated from broken eyelashes and scales of annular lesions of eyelids.

CONCLUSION
This case emphasizes the interest of mycological examination of eyelashes and eyelids in front of a persisting unilateral blepharitis.


West European cities like London, Paris, Rotterdam and Frankfurt am Main have seen impressive high-rise developments over the past two decades. The cities with a longstanding tradition of urban management, building regulations and zoning plans seem to feel the need for additional instruments to control the development of what is described by McNeill (2005) as "an extremely complex spatial phenomenon". It was only after the emergence of a new type of high building development in the inner cities and suburban centres in the early 1990s that the image of high buildings started to change for the better, not just in the Netherlands but also throughout much of Europe. Even now, high buildings evoke emotions and provoke controversies. This has led them to develop policies for regulating the planning and construction of tall buildings, high-rise buildings and skyscrapers within their territory. This article presents a systematic approach for analysing the visual impact of high building development on a city and its surrounding region, using Rotterdam as a case study. This work is based on a previous analysis that included aspects such as architectural height, year of completion, location and functional use of high buildings in the city. It allowed us to compare the actual high building development with the urban policies in place. The showcase city of Rotterdam demonstrates that a considerable distance exists between policy and reality. The city struggles to deliver a consistent and integrated policy for high-rise urban areas, although the high building developments themselves seem to be ruled by a remarkable internal logic that is not fully recognised in policymaking. By studying the height and completion year, identifying the tall building cluster as it is perceived visually, and by conducting a GISc-based visibility analysis, it provides a context to tall building designs, making the assessment of individual projects more transparant and balanced, and removing some of the emotional elements that often enter into the discussions.


Active learning is a pedagogical construct widely appealed to within the global discourse of lifelong learning. However, an examination of the literature reveals a lack of clarity and consensus as to its meaning. This article provides a critical analysis of a range of dimensions underpinning the concept of active learning including policy discourses, definitions, interpretation and enactments in educational settings, and resultant pedagogical implications. A more robust theoretical framework is presented to support educator understanding which synthesises and extends current constructs and which bridges the divide between active learning considered as either theory of learning or pedagogical strategy.


This paper advances a thought developed military electronic control vehicle fault self-diagnosis system on the base of fault diagnostic circuits and programs,diagnostic standards and communication networks agreement. Compositions concerned the self-diagnosis system are dissertated particularly.


. English kampong is a community who lives and communicates in English situated in Pelem and Tulungrejo Villages, Pare,Kediri, East Java. The establihments and  the increase of English kampong cause the effect on society  social-cultural life.The aim of this research is to find out the effect of English Kampong on society social-cultural life in Pelem and Tulungrejo villages.The theory used is theory of social and cultural change and the method applied is a qualitative research and method of data collecting is an interview and a questionnaire. The finding shows that the society experiences social and cultural change. The people's value of togertherness, community service and obedience are descreasing.The care of qualification and the importance of education for their children and the society motivation to maintain local tradition are still high. The society are optimistic, pragmatic and materialistic. They tend to live individually and their participation to social activities is decreasing. The tradition of cleaning up the village and tradition relating to religion run well, and the economic tradition changes to be trader or enterpreneur. The infrastrcuture  and residential quality are good and the usage of technology for supporting life is maximum. Society does not place religion aspect as the only intention of life.


Abstract The present study intends to examine the link between clothes and cultural identities in Jhumpa Lahiri's "Hema and Kaushik" (2008). It will argue that Lahiri explores her protagonists' cultural displacement through their items of clothing. We want to suggest that the protagonists' clothes are employed in each narrative as signifiers for the characters' cultural identities. The study will further show that each item of clothing could be loaded with the ideological signification of two separate cultures. In other words, it aims to demonstrate how ideology imposes its values, beliefs, and consequently its dominance through the dress codes each defines for its subjects. Moreover, it intends to suggest that the link between clothing and identity is most visible and intense in the case of female immigrant characters rather than men. Drawing on Luptan's structure of the Cinderella line, we will explore Lahiri's protagonists' cultural transformation from simple ethnic girls to stylish American ladies through their items of clothing. The study will conclude that the "Cinderella line" does not work in Lahiri's realistic stories the way it does in fairy tales and romance fiction.


BACKGROUND: Effective management of asthma in the home setting requires asthma education from a health professional along with written plans for asthma exacerbations. These approaches can result in fewer acute asthma visits, fewer missed school days and better asthma control. Nevertheless, a large number of asthma exacerbations result in emergency department visits or hospital admission. Several studies suggest that care-givers may lack the knowledge, the skills, or the confidence to provide care for their child during an asthma exacerbation.
 OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of caregivers who appropriately manage their child's acute asthma at home (as per the 2014 Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines) and to identify factors that may be associated with deviations from these guidelines.
 DESIGN/METHODS: We studied caregivers of children who are known to suffer from asthma using a paper based questionnaire in a single-center outpatient asthma clinic. Caregivers of children aged 3 to 17 years with a physician made diagnosis of asthma greater than 6 months in duration were included. To avoid a diagnosis of bronchiolitis from our study group, new consultations for wheezing or cough without a prior diagnosis of asthma, and less than 3 years of age were excluded. For statistical analysis, we used Excel and STATA 11 for the z test of proportions and comparison of means with a one way ANOVA (a = 0.05).
 RESULTS: Among the 45 caregivers surveyed, most had children with well controlled asthma based on low scores from a standard asthma control test and a limited number of emergency room visits (1.5±0.1 per year). Sixty-four percent of caregivers were able to correctly identify the initial treatment with 2 puffs of Ventolin; however, 54% did not choose repeating Ventolin treatment within 20 minutes for ongoing symptoms. Moreover, only 58% of caregivers had ever been given a written asthma action plan. Caregivers had a higher degree of confidence (reported on a scale of 1-10) in initiating management (8.9±1.5) compared with stopping treatment (7.3±2.5).
 CONCLUSION: Despite a high degree of confidence in starting treatment for asthma attacks, half of the caregivers surveyed identified inappropriate steps to manage asthma exacerbations at home. Providing a written asthma action plan may improve caregiver confidence and knowledge in asthma exacerbation management. However, routine assessment and review by a healthcare professional is essential in reinforcing recommended behaviours for home asthma management.


In this study, several cement paste specimens were immersed in high concentrated calcium chloride solution to investigate the influence of cement type, water cement ratio, and immersion conditions on deterioration by calcium chloride (CaCl₂) attack. Portland cement pastes seriously deteriorated after 1 year exposure to CaCl₂ solution. On the other hand, 40% blast-furnace slag and 15% silica fume cement pastes showed a good resistance to calcium chloride attack. The deteriorated parts on ordinary Portland cement paste were composed of multiple layers of thin cement pastes, and surface relief and spalling occurred near the surface of specimens. It was found that a large amount of a complex salt of 3CaO ・ CaCl₂・15H₂O are formed on this deteriorated parts by X-ray diffraction. In addition, the deteriorated parts were analyzed by electron probe X-ray micro analyzer. As the results of the Cl/Ca mapping, a large amount of 3CaO・CaCl₂・15H₂O dispersed near the thin layer far from the surface crack. It was presumed that cracks along the exposed surface were induced by the volume change of 3CaO・CaCl₂・15H₂O formation. It has been shown that the amount of 3CaO・CaCl₂・15H₂O depends on the amount of Ca(OH)₂ and the occurring of cracks is largely determined by the amount of 3CaO・CaCl₂・15H₂O and total pore volume of hardened cement pastes.本研究では、セメント硬化体をCaCl₂溶液に浸せきし、CaCl₂劣化に及ぼすセメント種類や水セメント比の影響を検討した。また、劣化を生じたOPCセメントペースト硬化体を用いて反応生成物と変質部の詳細な分析を行った。その結果、硬化体の劣化はCa(OH)₂から膨張性の3CaO・CaCl₂・15H₂Oが生成することで生じ、その劣化程度は3CaO・CaCl₂・15H₂Oの生成量と硬化体中の空隙量とのバランスによって異なると推察した。そして、溶液作用面から少し内部で生成する3CaO・CaCl₂・15H₂Oの体積増加が浸透面に沿ったひび割れを引き起こし、セメントペーストと3CaO・CaCl₂・15H₂Oが交互に積層する層状のひび割れが形成されると推察した。


This invention relates to the treatment of metal articles to prevent or retard corrosion, and more particularly to the treatment of articles formed of ferrous metals and having nickel and chrome plate coatings thereover. Difficulty has been experienced in the past with articles of this type due to the formation of numerous rust or cor20 rosion spots on the surface thereof after a short period of time. Although the reasons for this corrosion are not too well established, there are, particularly in the case of nickel plating, two schools of thought at the present time, one assuming that there are pores present in the plating itself which expose the base metal and thus per mit corrosion thereof, and the other holding that the plat ing is initially substantially continuous but subject to a pit type of corrosion which rapidly penetrates the coat ing, with resultant corrosion of the base metal. Previous attempts to eliminate corrosion of such plated articles have been directed toward elimination of the initial pores in the plating, while one of the primary objects of the present invention is the provision of a coating which will minimize either the pit type of corrosion or corrosion due to initial pits in the plating. Another object of the invention is the provision of a substantially invisible corrosion inhibiting coating on the plated surface of a metal article. Still another object is to provide a corrosion inhibiting coating on the plated surface of the article which is anodic to the plating. A still further object is to provide a corrosion inhibiting coating on the plated surface of the article which is anodic to the base metal portion of the article. Another object is to provide a process for electroform ing a substantially invisible protective coating on a plated metal article. Yet another object is the provision of a process for economically and efficiently forming a corrosion inhibit ing coating on articles of the above type. A further object is the provision of an electroplated ferrous metal article, having an invisible corrosion inhib iting coating thereon. Still another object is the provision of an abrasion re sistant corrosion inhibiting coating on an article of the above type. These and other novel objects and features of the in vention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the following description, but it is to be un derstood the description is not to be considered as de fining the limits of the invention, reference being had for this purpose to the appended claims. Although the invention is more particularly directed toward the inhibiting of rust and corrosion on steel arti cles having a layer of nickel plate thereon and a layer of chromium plate over the nickel, it is also applicable to steel articles having chromium plated directly thereon, and is in fact applicable to numerous metal base articles plated with chromium, or nickel and chromium, or plated with chromium, or nickel and chromium, over platings of other metals. In the preferred form the coating is in 15


Resilience is the ability of a system to respond, absorb, adapt, and recover from a disruptive event. Dozens of metrics to quantify resilience have been proposed in the literature. However, fewer studies have proposed models to predict these metrics or the time at which a system will be restored to its nominal performance level after experiencing degradation. This paper presents two alternative approaches to model and predict performance and resilience metrics with techniques from reliability engineering, including (i) bathtub-shaped hazard functions and (ii) mixture distributions . Given their ease of accessibility, historical data sets on job losses during recessions in the United States are used to assess the predictive accuracy of these approaches. Goodness of fit measures and confidence interval are computed to assess how well the models perform on the data sets considered. The results suggest that both approaches can produce accurate predictions for data sets exhibiting V and U shaped curves, but that L and W shaped curves that respectively experience a sudden drop in performance or deviate from the assumption of a single decrease and subsequent increase cannot be characterized well by either class of model proposed, necessitating additional modeling efforts that can capture these more general scenarios.


Metrifonate is converted nonenzymatically to 2,2, dimethyl dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP), an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This 21‐day, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of metrifonate in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 27) evaluated four doses, each administered orally once daily. All patients received a loading dose (LD) for 6 days followed by a maintenance dose (MD) for 15 days. The treatment groups were: panel 1, LD = 1.5 mg/kg (75–135 mg), MD = 0.25 mg/kg (12.5–25 mg); panel 2, LD = 2.5 mg/kg (125–225 mg), MD = 0.40 mg/kg (20–35 mg); panel 3, LD = 4.0 mg/kg (200–335 mg), MD = 0.65 mg/kg (30–60 mg); and panel 4, LD = 4.0 mg/kg (200–335 mg), MD = 1.0 mg/kg (50–90 mg). All metrifonate doses were well tolerated. Most adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity, gastrointestinal in nature, and transient. Mean area under the concentration—time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax for both metrifonate and DDVP increased in relation to dose. Metrifonate and DDVP had similar, largely dose‐independent mean values for time to Cmax (tmax) and half‐life (t1/2). There was little or no accumulation of either metrifonate or DDVP with long‐term administration. After 21 days of treatment, mean percent erythrocyte AChE inhibition was 14%, 35%, 66%, 77%, and 82% for placebo and panels 1 through 4, respectively. Cognitive improvement was observed with the two highest metrifonate doses. These results reflect favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles for the use of metrifonate in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.


Abstract: The application of organic amendments to agricultural soils enables the recycling of nutrients, further reducing the inputs of synthetic fertilizers for crop production. However, the production of N2O emissions is a concern that arises from such a practice. A 35 d incubation experiment was conducted with soils receiving three contrasting types of biosolids — mesophilic anaerobic digested (BM), composted (BC), and alkaline-stabilized (BA) — at four water-filled pore spaces (WFPS): 28%, 40%, 52%, and 64%. A zero-N-addition control was also evaluated. Across all the three types of biosolids, N2O production increased with soil moisture content, with BM and BC producing the overall highest N2O fluxes. The most intense pulses of N2O production were exhibited by BC at the beginning of the incubation. The highest cumulative N2O production was found with 64% WFPS and from BC- (409 μg N2O–N·kg−1 soil) or BM-amended soils (390 μgN2O–N·kg−1 soil), which produced more than four and two times the emissions from the control and BA-amended soils at 64% WFPS, respectively. We also found the highest nitrification rates in the BM- and BC-amended soils. The total N2O production was exponentially associated with the NO3−–N concentration present at the end of the experiment (R2 = 0.83). Changes in the concentration of the soil available N indicated the occurrence of mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification over the incubation. These results provided insight into the interacting responses of N2O production to soil moisture contents, biosolids treatment stabilization and properties, and soil N availability.


A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) represents the height of a patch of terrain. Accuracies of DEMs vary depending upon the requirements of different applications. DEMs have been applied to a wide range of civil engineering and military planning tasks. Besides the conventional methods of creating DEMs, such as photogrammetry and manual field survey, airborne laser scanning and radar interferometry are new technologies capable of creating high quality DEMs in a cost-effective manner. This paper uses Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS (with centimetre-level accuracy) to examine the quality of some DEMs generated by such means as photogrammetry, airborne laser scanning and radar interferometry. The results show that a DEM generated from airborne laser scanning has the highest accuracy with a RMS error of 0.09 ~ 0.3m. The RMS errors of DEMS derived by photogrammetric and radar interferometric means are 1.35 ~ 2.43m and 4.26 ~ 19.39m respectively.


This chapter considers how things have changed in the second half of the Obama administration and under the Trump administration. It shows how transgender rights activists used the politics of coming out to make important gains during Obama's second term. It also shows that while Trump has worked to reverse LGBTQ+ rights during his presidency, public opinion has shifted in ways that are not easily or quickly reversed. Having felt the relief and joy of exiting the closet, people are not willing to return so easily. Dreamers have likewise refused to retreat into the shadows, and the undocumented immigrant movement continues to encourage coming out as a political strategy. Meanwhile, the Trump administration seems to have provided a catalyst for feminist organizing—including but not limited to the issue of sexual harassment and assault, while also emboldening members of the "alt-right," or white nationalist movement, to "come out of the woodwork."


The objective of this research was to obtain soda ash from oilfield produced water. The association between produced water and the conditions to produce soda ash, its processes and reactions, inspired the development of this innovative research. With the goal of transforming this wastewater in a high value product, this research performed and compared different treatment processes. An anionic surfactant was used in the flotation process of the dispersed oil phase, and sodium carbonate was employed to promote calcium and magnesium precipitations. The relationship between the liquid effluents and solid wastes with the quality of the soda ash produced was established. The quality parameters for treated water were determined, and the different streams derived from these treatments were used in the production of soda ash. The soda ash obtained in this research presented physicochemical composition similar to the one of a carbonate mineral (trona ore). The yields were as high as 80%. This process allowed to treat and to transform produced water, an effluent that is harmful to the environment, into soda ash which is largely used in the industry.


A compact and economical cooling system utilizing thermoelectric modules has been designed and constructed. The cooler is small and light and can be positioned close to the crystal. It is capable of cooling air at 101 min−1 to −15°C (258 K), and can maintain a set temperature to within ± 0.1°C (0.1 K) over long periods.


The highway pavement quality and lifetime depend on its different layers such as subgrade, sub-base and base courses. It is of great importance for subgrade soil layer to have the excellent properties as it is the one to lower or increase the project cost. This paper discusses the utilization of lime and fines from concrete waste to enhance the strength of silty sand soil. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and shear strength were evaluated. The content such as 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% were used. The CBR and shear strength of soil increased with the increase of lime or concrete content. The optimum lime and concrete content which maximized CBR were 6% and 8% respectively. The shear strength improvement was also noticed. No optimum content from both stabilizers which gave maximum shear strength.


Consumer researchers have conceptualized brand name dilution in terms of the potentially damaging effects that a company's own brand extensions can have on beliefs and attitudes toward parent brands. A different form of dilution, trademark dilution, can also occur through the unauthorized use of a mark (e.g., brand, logo) by an entity other than its owner. With passage of the Federal Trademark Dilution Act of 1995, an increasing number of trademark dilution cases are being litigated. A recurring issue in these cases has been how to measure trademark dilution. The authors review the concept of trademark dilution and explore how recognition and recall-based methods can be used for empirically assessing trademark dilution. The authors also investigate the impact of brand familiarity and product category similarity on the extent of trademark dilution and discuss implications, limitations, and areas for further research.


1659 Poster Board #-Session: P454-I CARBON MONOXIDE SATURATES UW SOLUTION PROTECTED KIDNEY GRAFTS FROM OXIDATIVE INJURY DERIVED FROM CYTOCHROME P-450 DEGRADATION. A Nakao, K Tomiyama, G Faleo, J Kohmoto, A Ikeda, F Lakkis, AMK Choi, N Murase. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the major factor complicating kidney transplantation (KTx). We present here the amelioration of renal I/R injury by delivering CO, potent cytoprotective molecule, to excised kidney grafts during cold storage. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a strong hemebinding gaseous molecule and avidly binds to heme proteins. In this study, we hypothesized that CO was able to inhibit the degradation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and subsequent iron release from the heme moiety of CYP, thereby prevented the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible for lethal cell injury during I/R injury. Methods: Orthotopic syngenic kidney transplantation was performed in binephrectomized Lewis rats after 24 hrs cold preservation in UW solution with or without CO supplementation. CO gas (5%) was bubbled into UW at 4°C for 5 min before use. Soluble CO level in CO-bubbled UW was 40.6 μmol/L and this level was maintained during preservation period. Results: Cold storage of kidney grafts for 24 hrs in control UW initiated early mRNA upregulation for inflammatory mediators and resulted in progressive deterioration of renal graft function, causing early recipient death. On the other hand, kidney grafts preserved in UW with CO had significantly less severe injury and recipient survival prolonged to >100d. I/R injury-induced CYP degradation and iron release during early (<3 hr) post-reperfusion period were confirmed by reduction of CYP protein and increased heme catalysis (downregulation of heme synthesis ALAS1 mRNA and upregulation of heme-catalytic HO-1 mRNA) in kidneys stored in control UW. In contrast, kidney grafts in CO-bubbled UW maintained CYP proteins and showed less active heme catalytic enzyme activities. Further, reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA) in CO-bubbled UW grafts suggested less oxidative injury with CO. Conclusion: Cold storage in CO-bubbled UW provides protection of renal grafts against I/R injury. Results suggest that CO may function by preventing degradation of heme proteins such as CYP and reducing oxidative injury caused by ROS. median CCr TNFα MDA CYP ALAS1 HO-1 survival (ml/min, 28d) mRNA (3h) (3h) (3h) mRNA (3h) mRNA (3h) normal N/A 1.65 1 0.27 +++ 2.24 1 UW 38 0.16 26.4 0.66 + 0.58 37.8 CO-UW >100∗ 0.64∗ 13.2∗ 0.37∗ ++ 1.75∗ 16.8∗ ∗P<0.05 vs UW Abstract# 1660 Poster Board #-Session: P455-I 1660 Poster Board #-Session: P455-I ERYTHROPOIETIN REDUCES ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN THE RAT. Maximilian Schmeding, Ulf P Neumann, Gero Puhl, Antonino Spinelli, Anja Dankof, Jan M Langrehr, Peter Neuhaus. Dept of General and Transplantation Surgery, Charité, Berlin, Germany; Dept of Pathology, Charité, Berlin,


Integrated single-cell transcriptomic and BCR analyses reveal how antibody class switching influences human B cell fate and function. A human B cell roadmap B cells undergo affinity maturation and class switch recombination (CSR) within germinal centers (GCs) to facilitate protective antibody responses against pathogens. King et al. performed single-cell transcriptome and antibody repertoire profiling of human tonsils to examine how antibody-based selection affects B cell maturation within GCs. In addition to generating a detailed resource of transcriptional programs associated with antibody class, they identified a pre-GC B cell state that expressed unmutated IgM and IgD but was enriched for CSR-associated genes and germline transcripts. These results indicate that a subset of B cells may be primed for CSR before GC entry and highlight antibody repertoire dynamics during B cell fate decisions in secondary lymphoid organs. Protective humoral memory forms in secondary lymphoid organs where B cells undergo affinity maturation and differentiation into memory or plasma cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive roadmap of human B cell maturation with single-cell transcriptomics matched with bulk and single-cell antibody repertoires to define gene expression, antibody repertoires, and clonal sharing of B cell states at single-cell resolution, including memory B cell heterogeneity that reflects diverse functional and signaling states. We reconstruct gene expression dynamics during B cell activation to reveal a pre–germinal center state primed to undergo class switch recombination and dissect how antibody class–dependent gene expression in germinal center and memory B cells is linked with a distinct transcriptional wiring with potential to influence their fate and function. Our analyses reveal the dynamic cellular states that shape human B cell–mediated immunity and highlight how antibody isotype may play a role during their antibody-based selection.


From the "The result",we could see so many women are losing themselves in the society which is full of happiness standard with abnormal. The female bodies become representative for illness desire for the women on the way to the pursuit of happiness. At this time our women should have the female self- examination awareness,and refund their life value or the happiness standard.


Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of modified atmosphere (MA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on low storage temperature (1.5 °C) and 1-MCP treatment on high storage temperature (8.0 °C) on fruit quality of 'Laetitia' plums, mainly on internal browning. The treatments evaluated were 1.5 °C; 1-MCP (1.0 µL L-1) + 1.5 °C; MA + 1.5 °C; 1-MCP + MA + 1.5 °C; 8.0 °C; 1-MCP + 8.0 °C. Fruit were stored for 30 and 40 days, followed by three day of shelf life. For fruit stored at 1.5 °C, the treatment with 1-MCP associated to MA provided higher flesh firmness, less intense skin red color and reduced occurrence of internal browning in comparison to the fruit stored at 1.5 °C of the remaining treatments, for both periods of storage. In fruit not treated with 1-MCP and stored at 8.0 °C there was no occurrence of internal browning, despite of lower flesh firmness and more intense red color of the skin and flesh in comparison to the fruit stored at 1.5 °C. The treatment with 1-MCP in fruit stored at 8.0 °C delayed those changes of flesh firmness and red color of the skin and flesh assessed after 30 days of storage, followed by three days of shelf life. The MA, regardless of 1-MCP treatment, had fruit with higher production of acetaldehyde after 30 days of storage, and ethanol after 30 and 40 days of storage at 1.5 oC. In fruit stored at 1.5 °C without MA, the treatment with 1-MCP reduced the production of ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde and ethanol. Fruit stored at 8.0 °C, regardless of 1-MCP treatment, had the lowest production of acetaldehyde and ethanol.


This study compared the validities of the past-experience and situational structured employment interview questions using a two-group, experimental design. Subjects were 130 social workers, purpose...


This paper presents a chemical etching method for fabricating probe tips used in scanning near-field optical microscopy. The fiber tip is sharpened by the gradual reduction of the etchant meniscus height that is associated with the decrease of the tip diameter during etching. Control of final tip geometry by adjusting the physical properties of the etching medium is discussed. In addition, we report a novel parallel-etching technique that allows control of the final tip angle by modifying the boundary condition of the meniscus. Tip angle can be adjusted from 7° to 22° by simply controlling the gap distance between fibers and number of fibers etched.


The subject of parsing constituted all the issues of Arabic grammar and the controversy surrounding it from ancient times to the present day. Therefore, the Arabic grammar was characterized as a sentence that adheres to analyzing its elements from a formal perspective, and thus neglected the text in one way or another, and although the sentence in its analysis and expression is a detailed parsing carving Indeed, this trend, however, when grammarians were exposed to syntax or locating them in syntax, they exceeded that because they realize that composing a sentence from linguistic units that are vocabulary is subject to the law of syntax in a way that applies to the syntax of text sentences (and sentences are the linguistic units of the text), as they saw the specificity of parsing in Sentences because some of them replace the singular and it is thus functionally compatible with it (ie interpreted in the singular), and some of them differ functionally with the singular so it is not interpreted in the singular.


Acclaimed entrepreneurship and innovation scholar Piero Formica, along with a strong and diverse cast of international contributors, explore the world of Open Innovation in this volume.


2 • A Study on Aged Population Distribution around Train Stations in Local Cities of Japan, France and Germany * ** ** ** Takafumi Ito, Dai Nakagawa, Ryoji Matsunaka, Tetsuharu Oba In local cities of Japan, suburbanization makes moving difficult for aged People. Making train service level better is important for formation of compact city. However, there is no study that clarifies the relationship between aged population distribution and promotion of train stations. Then we constructed the spatial date of aged population distribution and train stations in Japan, France and Germany to understand the aged population distribution around stations according to train frequency. As a result, compared with France and Germany, there are less stations with high train frequency in high aged population density areas in Japan. Then, as train frequency is high, there is a trend that aged population around stations increases and percentage of aged population decreases. Finally, in Japan, aged population around stations has not been increasing, and the trend is strong in stations with high train frequency.


High-speed DSP systems are increasingly being implemented on FPGA hardware platforms. This trend is being fuelled by insurmountable ASIC project costs and the flexibility and reconfigurability advantages of FPGAs over traditional DSPs and ASICs, respectively. Very recently, Structured ASIC technology has yielded lower cost solutions to full custom ASIC by predefining several layers of silicon functionality that requires the definition of only a few fabrication layers to implement the required design.


The present study aimed to detect the preferences of communication, and levels of social anxiety, loneliness, and self-disclosure, and to find the correlation between the above variables, among a available sample of (400) students at Al-Ahliyaa Amman University, enrolled for the academic year (2007/2008). The researcher employed (Reid and Reid, 2003) scale for measurement of preferences of communication, and (Abu Jadi, 2004) for measurement of social anxiety, loneliness, and self-disclosure, and all of this scale for psychometric properties. Results of the statistical analysis indicated negative statistical significance correlation between the face to face communication preferences and social anxiety, and indicated negative statistical significance correlation between two preferences of communication with telephone (mobile), text messages and self-disclosure, and indicated negative statistical significance correlation between face to face communication preferences and loneliness.. The results showed…. The study recommended…..


This work describes how the localisation of autonomous underwater vehicles can be supported through networked acoustic communication. The localisation approach includes timing information within acoustic messages to create an interrogation scheme similar to that of long-baseline methods, but realised at the application level of the network. In this way, the network itself is able to provide vehicle localisation information, reducing the needs for additional on-board sensors or dedicated deployed platforms/transponders. The aim of this work is to report at sea localisation results as obtained in two completely different application scenarios. The first one is represented by the FP7 MORPH project (HORTA15 sea trial) where the proposed approach has been applied to support navigation of a fleet of AUVs in a tight formation and in very shallow waters. The second application is represented by the NATO STO CMRE multistatic network demonstrator with the acoustic network used to support navigation of AUVs working in large operational areas. In this latter case, results are given from the COLLAB-NGAS14 experimental campaign.


This paper deals with the analysis of an instationary drift-diffusion model for organic semiconductor devices including Gauss–Fermi statistics and application-specific mobility functions. The charge transport in organic materials is realized by hopping of carriers between adjacent energetic sites and is described by complicated mobility laws with a strong nonlinear dependence on temperature, carrier densities and the electric field strength. To prove the existence of global weak solutions, we consider a problem with (for small densities) regularized state equations on any arbitrarily chosen finite time interval. We ensure its solvability by time discretization and passage to the time-continuous limit. Positive lower a priori estimates for the densities of its solutions that are independent of the regularization level ensure the existence of solutions to the original problem. Furthermore, we derive for these solutions global positive lower and upper bounds strictly below the density of transport states for the densities. The estimates rely on Moser iteration techniques.


Summary. Reproductive tracts from male rabbits, hamsters and mongooses were fixed in glutaraldehyde containing malachite green. The technique stains phospholipids, glycolipids, fatty acids and cholesterol, and is known to retain a lipid within spermatozoa which is lost during conventional fixation. In rabbit spermatozoa, the lipid has been identified as choline plasmalogen, which accumulates in the post\x=req-\ acrosomal region of the head during epididymal transit. In testes, malachite green stained Leydig cell granules and cytoplasmic inclusions in maturing spermatids. Large quantities of stained material were evident in the epididymides and accessory glands, including basal cell lysosomes which increased in size and frequency after castration, supranuclear cytosome-like bodies, material associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles distributed throughout the principal cells of the epithelium and material around the stereocilia of the epididymis. Amounts of material in the epididymal lumen increased markedly from caput to cauda, indicating active secretion.


Critical Care Medicine • Volume 46 • Number 1 (Supplement) www.ccmjournal.org Learning Objectives: Salicylate overdose is a common and wellstudied ingestion in medical literature. Guidelines have been set forth by the Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning (EXTRIP) Workgroup regarding the use of extracorporeal treatment in salicylate ingestion, including patients with altered mental status, acute respiratory distress syndrome, failure of conventional treatments, or with high salicylate concentrations (> 100mg/dL) regardless of symptoms. This case reviews a mortality from very high dose salicylate ingestion in which none of the established criteria were for hemodialysis met until severe symptoms presented. Methods: A 16 year-old male presented to medical care shortly after ingesting 400 tablets of acetyl salicylic acid (325mg tablets each, total dose: 1,274mg/kg) in a suicide attempt. Ninety minutes after ingestion, the patient was asymptomatic and had an ASA level 46mg/dL. Given the level and reassuring exam, patient received activated charcoal and serum alkalization with sodium bicarbonate bolus and infusion prior to transfer to our hospital. Upon presentation to ED, the patient's only complaint was mild abdominal pain. The ASA level seven hours after ingestion was 90 mg/dL. After admission to PICU, he developed unilateral tinnitus with an ASA level 104mg/dL 8.5 hours post-ingestion. Serum alkalization continued with goal pH 7.4–7.5. A hemodialysis catheter was placed and intermittent hemodialysis (iHD) started. Within two hours of starting iHD, the patient developed progressive respiratory distress and was started on non-invasive mechanical ventilation, but rapidly progressed to respiratory failure requiring intubation. Immediately after intubation, he developed severe respiratory and metabolic acidosis with asystolic cardiac arrest. He expired after 20 minutes of CPR. Results: We suggest that consideration be given to initiating iHD prior to meeting criteria set forth by EXTRIP in cases of confirmed large ingestions with rapidly rising ASA level.


Abstract Sotagliflozin (Sota) inhibits sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2; IC50=1.8 nM) and SGLT1 (IC50=36 nM). In humans, Sota improves glycemic control in part by increasing urinary glucose excretion via renal SGLT2 inhibition. Sota also lowers postprandial glucose (PPG), likely by inhibiting intestinal SGLT1 to delay the rate of appearance of oral glucose (RaO). To test the hypothesis that Sota delays SGLT1-mediated RaO, we performed a randomized, 3-period crossover study comparing effects of single doses of placebo (Pbo), Sota (400 mg) and canagliflozin (Cana, 300 mg), an SGLT2 inhibitor (IC50=4.2 nM) that inhibits SGLT1 (IC50=663 nM) with lower potency than Sota, on RaO using a dual-glucose tracer method in two cohorts of 12 healthy subjects each; plasma glucose, insulin and additional pharmacodynamic parameters were also evaluated. All subjects received a continuous [U-13C6] glucose infusion starting 5 hr before their first mixed meal (MM) test. Cohort 1 subjects had a MM breakfast containing [6,6-2H2] glucose starting 0.25 hr postdose and a MM lunch containing [1-2H1] glucose starting 5.25 hr postdose. Cohort 2 subjects had a MM breakfast containing no labeled glucose starting 0.25 hr postdose and a MM lunch containing [6,6-2H2] glucose starting 4.25 hr postdose. Plasma glucose, and labeled glucose as a fraction of plasma glucose, were measured frequently for 5 hr after any MM containing labeled glucose, while plasma levels of insulin, intestinal hormones and other analytes were measured frequently after any MM containing [6,6-2H2] glucose. For the Cohort 1 MM breakfast, Sota and Cana: 1) lowered RaO AUC[0-1 hr] and RaO AUC[0-2 hr], and also lowered AUC[0-4hr] for insulin, c-peptide and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), all p<0.05 vs Pbo; 2) showed trends toward lowering PPG AUC[0-4hr] vs Pbo; 3) increased AUC[0-4hr] for total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), both p<0.05 vs Pbo; and 4) did not alter glucagon AUC[0-4hr] or the AUC[0-5hr] for RaO or endogenous glucose production (EGP). Results were similar for the Cohort 2 MM lunch starting 4.25 hr postdose, except: 1) RaO, insulin and c-peptide AUC[0-1hr] decreased more for Sota vs Cana, all p<0.05; and 2) Sota and Cana increased glucagon AUC[0-4hr] and EGP AUC[0-5hr], both p<0.05 vs Pbo. For the Cohort 1 MM lunch starting 5.25 hr postdose: 1) Sota lowered RaO AUC[0-1hr] vs Cana and Pbo, and lowered PPG AUC[0-5hr] vs Cana and Pbo, both p<0.05; and 2) Cana did not lower RaO AUC[0-1hr] or PPG AUC[0-5hr] vs Pbo. We conclude that Sota delayed RaO, resulting in lower postprandial levels of glucose and insulin. The mechanism was likely a prolonged local inhibition of intestinal SGLT1 that persisted, despite feeding, during at least the first 5 hours after oral Sota dosing. The Sota-mediated decrease in GIP levels and increases in GLP-1 and PYY levels after oral glucose challenge are consistent with local inhibition of intestinal SGLT1.


Warning system of geological hazard and meteorological risk is taking ARCGIS as basic platform,combining with GIS,database and computer network technology,to build the thematic application information system.It has realized the storage,management,analysis,release function of geological hazard information,can promoting geological hazard and meteorological risk warning level and improving the accuracy of geological hazard and meteorological risk warning,to provide decision support for geological hazard and meteorological risk warning,to provide scientific,timely,and effective information guide for all levels of government and the public disaster prevention and mitigation.


Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), often referred to as autism, are neurological disorders characterised by deficits in cognitive skills, social and communicative behaviours. ASD develop in early childhood and include a spectrum of related problems, such as Asperger Syndrome, Autistic Disorder, and Pervasive Development Disorder. A common way of diagnosing ASD is by studying behavioural cues expressed by the children. The focus of my PhD project is to model the common atypical behaviour cues of children suffering from ASD. These models could assist clinicians in diagnosing autism and alert parents/caregivers for early intervention. The behaviours will be studied in a discrete manner, in the context of a social dyadic conversational setting, using visual and speech signals as well as a fusion of multiple modalities. As part of my initial work, an algorithm based on dense trajectories and the short-time fourier transform is proposed for modelling stimming (repetitive) behaviour. To validate the approach, preliminary experiments are performed on human action recognition datasets that contain repetitive behaviours. In addition, publicly available videos of children exhibiting repetitive behaviours were also used.


An embodiment of the invention provides a data reading and writing method and electronic equipment. The invention relates to the communication field and provides a data reading and writing mechanism. The data reading and writing method comprises, during data reading, obtaining a reading requirement and directly reading target data from a first hard disk group if reading requirement hit target data is stored in the first hard disk group and awakening a second hard disk group and reading target data from the second hard disk group if the target data does not exist in the first hard disk group; during data writing, obtaining a writing requirement and to-be-wrote data, storing the writing requirement and the to-be-wrote data in the first hard disk group if the second hard disk group is in dormancy and sending the writing requirement and the to-be-wrote data to the second hard disk group when the second hard disk ends dormancy. The data reading and writing method is used for hard disk data reading and writing and has the advantages of avoiding frequent awakening of the hard disk during data reading and data writing, reducing hard disk energy consumption and meanwhile prolonging the service life of the hard disk.


Public libraries "now respond to a wide range of ongoing and emerging needs," 1 which include helping communities cope with the unexpected—such as disruptive events, disasters, and emergencies. In their evolving and multiple roles, public libraries can play a critical part in building the resilience that could help individuals, families, and the whole community recover from disasters more rapidly. As disasters are often local events, local organizations such as public libraries are critical in responding to them. In this editorial, I argue that as community and information hubs, 2 the nation's public libraries, of which there are more than 16,000, are well situated to engage in strengthening community resilience efforts in disasters. In Spring 2015, a national survey


The ethanolic extract of the plant Polygala elongata Klein Ex. Willd (Polygalaceae) was lnvesti- gated for its hepatoprotective activity in male Wistar rats. In acute toxicity studies, the extract when administered to mice as a single I.p. dose of 1000 mg/kg was found to be non toxic. The extract exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity at 200 mg/kg body weight, which was comparable to the activity exhibited by the reference standard, silymarln in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatoxicity model. Mangiferin, a xanthone, was the main component isolated from the ethyl methyl ketone fraction of the ethanolic extract. The flavonoid, quercetin-3-O-I²-D glucoside was also isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction.


Purpose: This study takes a CSPP (Computer Systems Policy Project) model to study electronic readiness in the university libraries of Mashhad.

Method: The research presented is a survey and the statistical population of this study included 54 supervisors and managers of libraries and informatics sections who were selected by stratified sampling method. Then, by using the Delphi method and the CSPP model, the electronic readiness appropriate to the university libraries was introduced.

Findings: The findings of the present study indicated that there was no significant difference among university libraries in social, technical and legal terms, but, in CSPP model and economic terms, public universities were of a higher status. Studying the electronic readiness in university libraries provided a good overview of the points of strength and weakness, or, in other words, the digital divide, among the libraries.


In the existing instrumentation and control system of an operating Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) based nuclear power plant, conventional controllers are used to control the reactor power. A new idea of Nonlinear Neural Model Predictive Controller (NNMPC) is introduced in this research work. The new 17th order nonlinear higher order model of Reactor Regulating System (RRS) is developed under different plant operating modes and various parametric conditions in Single Input Multi Output (SIMO) configuration with special emphasis on Helium Control Valve Dynamics (HCVD) and Coupled Nonlinear Iodine and Xenon Dynamics (CNIXD). The SIMO RRS model is developed based on first principle. The 17th order model is reduced to 9th order lower dynamic model using Balanced Truncation Method (BTM). The Reduced Order SIMO RRS (RO-SIMO-RRS) model is programmed, simulated and validated in SIMULINK environment. The plant Neural SIMO RRS (N-SIMO-RRS) model is developed using innovative data generated from RO-SIMO-RRS simulations. The plant neural N-SIMO-RRS model is optimized using Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA). Using the identified N-SIMO-RRS model, the Nonlinear Neural Model Predictive Controller (NNMPC) is designed, trained, verified, validated, and finally optimized using the backtracking technique in the SIMULINK environment. The optimized results are obtained from designed closed loop RRS and found within the acceptable design limits. The performance of the proposed closed loop RRS is also tested in reference tracking mode with excellent fast tractability near the optimal target demanded power level.


Background and Objectives: No previous study has assessed the outcomes of cooled radiofrequency ablation (C-RFA) of the medial branch nerves (MBNs) for the treatment of lumbar facet joint pain nor compared its effectiveness to traditional RFA (T-RFA). This study evaluated six-month outcomes for pain, function, psychometrics, and medication usage in patients who underwent MBN C-RFA versus T-RFA for lumbar Z-joint pain. Methods: In this blinded, prospective trial, patients with positive diagnostic MBN blocks (>75% relief) were randomized to MBN C-RFA or T-RFA. The primary outcome was the proportion of "responders" (≥50% NRS reduction) at 6-months. Secondary outcomes included Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Results: Forty-three participants were randomized to MBN C-RFA (n=22) or C-RFA (n=21). There were no significant differences in demographic variables (p's>0.05). A ≥50% NRS


Ian Cumming was, at his appointment to the Lancaster Acute Hospitals Trust 11 years ago, the youngest chief executive in the NHS. The Journal finds him upbeat in his assessment of the future prospects for the University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay (UHMB), and in his role as deputy chairman of the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board (PMETB), an unrepentant and pragmatic reformer. His move this month to head the new North Lancashire Primary Care Trust offers him new opportunities to see through some of his more ambitious plans for Morecambe Bay.


The stability of a preservative‐free morphine chloride solution for intravenous or intrathecal use manufactured at a concentration of 40 mg/ml, near the solubility limit in water, was studied. The influence of heat and oxygen on morphine content was measured with and without autoclaving, and after additional thermal and oxidative stress. The morphine injection was stable during steam sterilization at 121°C for up to 180 min if the solution was adjusted to a pH of 3‐2 and if oxygen was eliminated by saturating the solution and flushing the vial with nitrogen before sealing. By adding an oxidizing agent (200 μl H2O2 3% per 20 ml vial) before 15 min of sterilization, a decomposition of approximately 20% of morphine resulted when compared to oxygen‐free control samples (P<0·01, n= 3)


Zhengli Han, Seigo Ohno, Yu Tokizane, Kouji Nawata, Mio Koyama, Takashi Notake, Yuma Takida, Shin'ichiro Hayashi, Hiroaki Minamide (1. RIKEN, 2. Tohoku Univ.) E-mail: email@example.com Metamaterial with flexible substrate is proposed for the near field terahertz (THz)-wave imaging system. The metamaterial constitutes double layers of split ring resonators (SRRs), which are embedded in the polymer substrate. The SRRs works as an array of probe that reserves the object near field information and transfer it to the detection system based on the frequency up-conversion with nonlinear DAST crystal. This abstract reports the progress of the research work. THz wave near field image is desired to observe the matter-THz wave interaction and the chemical analysis for the bio applications, etc. While for the traditional THz near field imaging technique [1], single probe is normally used which needs long time scanning to get one image. A system with real time feature while also holds near field image resolution will benefit the research community. In reference [2], we have reported a proposal using metamaterial device as the probe array to improve the THz wave near field image available with real-time performance. The SRRs hold two functions to the imaging system, improving image resolution and up-conversion efficiency of the DAST crystal. The metamaterial device is designed with polymer flexible substrate working at sub-THz band. In this abstract, we report the recent progress on the device manufacture. Figure 1 shows the SRR design and the optical microscopy photo of the inter-process results of the device. A polymer spacer is designed to accommodate the double layer SRRs. Lift-off with photolithography is planned for the process. We began with a handle wafer and finally the polymer will be released to obtain the flexible device. Figure 1(b) shows the device image before release.


Sorbus dolichofoliolatus (Rosaceae) sp. nov. from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated based on the collections deposited at the herbarium CDBI. The new species is similar to S. rehderiana in infructescence with sparsely rust-brown short hairs, fruit size, and glabrescent leaflets, but the former has longer and wider leaflets, persistent stipules and pinkish fruit color. A molecular phylogenetic analysis supports that the new species is distinguishable from related species in the genus.


"Plasma hole" is a singular vortex spontaneously formed in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma. So far the ion flow velocity field associated with the plasma hole has been measured with a directional Langmuir probe (DLP). Here we present the first result of measuring azimuthal and radial flow velocity profiles of the plasma hole in an argon plasma using a laser induced fluorescence (LIF) Doppler spectroscopy, which demonstrates the effectiveness of LIF spectroscopy for absolute flow velocity measurement of the plasma hole. The azimuthal flow was found to be nearsonic rotation, the Mach number of which was approximately 0.65, which agreed with the previous DLP measurements. The radial flow was found to be outward and the velocity was considerably small, which is different from the previous DLP measurements of the plasma hole in a helium plasma. The possible causes of this discrepancy are discussed.


The conception of a preliminary period of ritual preparation for occasions of special sanctity is common to many religions, including that of the Old Testament, where the touching of holy things or coming into the divine presence requires a period of previous abstinence from anything involving ceremonial defilement. In 1 Sam. 21 5 and Ex. 19 10, 15 this period is of "three days." The longer period of "six days" is required for the supreme occasion when Moses meets Yahweh face to face on Sinai (Ex. 24 16), and this interval becomes as it were stereotyped in the most distinctive of Jewish institutions, the periodic seventh day "the sabbath of the Lord thy God," to which the preceding six days of toil lead up. The Jew labors and does all his work in the first six days of the week in order that he may rest and enjoy the fruit of his toil the seventh day, just as in the creation Yahweh's activity had led up to a period of satisfied contemplation of all that He had made as "very good." In like manner the later speculators of both Synagogue and Church expected the toil and turmoil of the six ages of "this world," each of one thousand years' duration, to lead up to the blessed repose and fruition of "the age to come," ushered in by the "thousand years" of Messiah.


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Reply from the Authors:

We appreciate Dr. Garg's letter1 regarding our article2 and hope that we can allay his concerns. As mentioned in the article,2 all of our cases fulfilled the proposed criteria for definite cysticercosis.3 Although we are perhaps less sanguine than Dr. Garg concerning the efficacy of anticysticercal therapy, nearly all of our patients are treated, some with multiple courses.

Dr. Garg mirrors the enthusiasm of Del Brutto et al.3 for a therapeutic trial of albendazole as …


Deep Learning strategies recently emerged as powerful tools for the characterization of heterogeneous materials. In this work, we discuss an approach for the characterization of the mechanical response of polysilicon films that typically constitute the movable structures of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). A dataset of microstructures is digitally generated and a neural network is trained to provide the appropriate scattering in the values of the overall stiffness (in terms of the Young's modulus) of the grain aggregate. Since results are framed within a stochastic procedure, the aim of the learning strategy is not to accurately reproduce the microstructure-informed response of the polysilicon film, but instead to provide a fast tool to be used at the device level for Monte Carlo analysis of the relevant performance indices. Accuracy of the proposed approach is assessed for very small samples of the polycrystalline aggregate to check if size effects are correctly captured.