Background The HIV epidemic remains a major public health concern, particularly among youths living with HIV. While the availability of antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the health outcomes of people living with HIV, there is growing evidence that youths living with HIV may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying mechanisms linking HIV and cardiovascular disease among youths living with HIV remain poorly understood. One potential explanation is that HIV-related biomarkers, including detectable viral load (VL) and low cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) lymphocyte counts, may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk. Despite the potential importance of these biomarkers, the relationship between HIV-related biomarkers and cardiovascular risk among youths living with HIV has been understudied. Objective To address this gap, we examined whether detectable VL and low CD4 lymphocyte counts, both of which are indications of unsuppressed HIV, were associated with cardiovascular risk among youths living with HIV. Methods We analyzed electronic health record data from 7 adolescent HIV clinics in the United States (813 youths living with HIV). We used multivariable linear regression to examine the relationship between detectable VL and CD4 lymphocyte counts of ≤200 and cardiovascular risk scores, which were adapted from the gender-specific Framingham algorithm. Results In our study, nearly half of the participants (366/766, 47.8%) had detectable VL, indicating unsuppressed HIV, while 8.6% (51/593) of them had CD4 lymphocyte counts of ≤200, suggesting weakened immune function. We found that those with CD4 lymphocyte counts of ≤200 had significantly higher cardiovascular risk, as assessed by Cardiac Risk Score2, than those with CD4 lymphocyte counts of >200 (P=.002). After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, we found that for every 1000-point increase in VL copies/mL, the probability of having cardiovascular risk (Cardiac Risk Score2) increased by 38%. When measuring the strength of this connection, we observed a minor effect of VL on increased cardiovascular risk (β=.134, SE 0.014; P=.006). We obtained similar results with Cardiac Risk Score1, but the effect of CD4 lymphocyte counts of ≤200 was no longer significant. Overall, our findings suggest that detectable VL is associated with increased cardiovascular risk among youths living with HIV, and that CD4 lymphocyte counts may play a role in this relationship as well. Conclusions Our study highlights a significant association between unsuppressed HIV, indicated by detectable VL, and increased cardiovascular risk in youths living with HIV. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing interventions that address both VL suppression and cardiovascular risk reduction in this population. By tailoring interventions to meet the unique needs of youths, we can promote overall well-being throughout the HIV care continuum and across the life span. Ultimately, these efforts have the potential to improve the health outcomes and quality of life of youths living with HIV. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/11185


Accelerated tests, effects of composition and fineness of cement in accelerated testing of concrete (A1-Rawi), March, 102 Acoustics acoustical emission-damping fatigue study of a 17-4 PH steel (Willertz and Hunter), May, 190 acoustic emission response of dry soils (Lord and Koerner), May, 159 Aggregates effect of cement properties and the thermal compatibility of aggregates on the strength of accelerated cured concrete (Orchard, Jones, and AI-Rawi), March, 95 waste glass as coarse aggregate for concrete (Johnston), Sept., 344 Ajaz, A. and Parry, R. H. G. : Unconfined direct tension test for compacted clays, May, 163 Alloy steels, liquid metal embrittlement of 4145 steel by lead-tin and lead-antimony alloys (Breyer and Johnson), Nov., 471 A1-Rawi, R. S. Effects of composition and fineness of cement in accelerated testing of concrete, March, 102 s e e Orchard, D. F., Jones, R., and A1Rawi, R. S. Andrejasik, H.: s e e Kass, J. N., Begley, J. A., and Andrejasik, H. Asphalts, glass transition of asphalts under pressure (Schweyer), Jan., 50


We show that the addition spectra of semiconductor quantum dots in the presence of magnetic field can be studied through a theoretical scheme that allows an accurate and practical treatment of the single-particle states and electron–electron interaction up to large numbers of electrons. The calculated addition spectra exhibit the typical structures of Hund-like shell filling, and account for recent experimental findings. A full three-dimensional description of Coulomb interaction is found to be essential for predicting the conductance characteristics of few-electron semiconductor structures.


with 6O SXR FTIR spectroscopy and variable optical path cell,transmissivitymeasurements of trace gasses (CO_2 and CH_4)havebeen made. The main experimentalresults and its data processing are descripted. Using FASCODE 2 program,transmissivities of CO_2 and CH_4 which are under same conditions as experiments havebeen calculated. And,the calculated results are compared with the experimentalresults,respectively.


This study assessed the production of tomato in Obafemi Owode Odeda LGA of Ogun State. The objective of the study was to determine factors responsible for poor tomato production practices in the south west. Four villages were selected purposively and they are (Kofesu , Agbede Someke, Igbede) Seventy-Qne farmers were selected randomly from the four villages and were interviewed (with the aid of interview guide). Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Frequency, percentage, Pearson chi-square. The result showed that the average age of the respondents was 31 years; average farm size was 1.3acre and 13years of farming experience. The chi-square result showed that the farming experience is statistically significant at 5%. The P-value was chosen as the significant value of percentage (0.054%).
Some of the recommendation made include: provision of training opportunities for farmers, capital should be made available for tomato farmer, subsidy should be provided in the price of inputs such as fertilizers, chemicals, seed, modern agricultural facilities, there should be appropriate policy of government that will facilitate the perception of tomato farmers' production.


Molecular beams and ultracold atom-trapping methods resolve the different reaction rates of the cis and trans conformers of a flexible organic molecule. [Also see Report by Chang et al.] Observed under normal conditions, chemical reaction rates and the relative ratios of products formed are highly averaged properties. These values sum over elementary events that sample wide ranges of collision energy, internal energies of the reactants, relative orientations, and collision strengths (e.g., glancing to headon). It has been a long-standing challenge to look inside this statistical averaging to discern the intimate details of reaction dynamics (1). Many techniques have been developed that permit partial selection and control of the physical states of reactants before their encounters. As the averaging is stripped away, a deeper understanding of chemical reaction mechanisms begins to emerge. On page 98 of this issue, Chang et al. (2) describe a new approach to studies of bimolecular reactions using conformer-selected molecules and a target of ultracold atoms.


Everyone, with the possible exception of a few lone and lonely holdouts, is resigned to the fact that the FSC Repeal and Extraterritorial Income Exclusion Act (ETI) will itself soon be repealed. Everyone, with few to no holdouts, is also convinced that American exporters still need the quantum of help that ETI and its predecessors gave them. Last year, William M. Thomas, Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, proposed several offsets for ETI repeal, but his proposals drew sharp criticism because, by and large, they would only benefit multinationals, not U.S.-based businesses. Reps. Charles B. Rangel and Philip M. Crane have recently addressed this concern by proposing a 3.5% tax break for corporate domestic production phased in between 2006 and 2010 and a five-year phaseout of the FSC/ETI subsidies beginning in 2004. Chairman Thomas also expressed frustration with the continuing tax tensions between the European Union (EU) and the U.S., saying that the distinction between direct and indirect taxation was, "in today's world, . . . a distinction without a difference."I agree with the Chairman's statement and propose, as another arrow in the ETI-repeal quiver, creditability of value added taxes, or VATs (an indirect tax) against U.S. income tax (a direct tax), capped at an appropriate level. VAT credit has the potential to benefit both U.S.-based businesses and U.S. multinationals. Some of those businesses pay VAT to foreign governments now, either due to the presence of subsidiaries or branches in VAT countries or, in the case of U.S.-based businesses, due to the structure required for certain international transactions. Further, many more U.S. businesses will be paying VAT very soon. Starting July 1, Directive 2002/38/EC (E-VAT Directive) will require any business delivering software or other digital e-products to an EU consumer over the Internet to pay VAT on that sale. Creditability is justified because VATs, like income taxes, are sometimes non-shiftable, and therefore can violate Capital Export Neutrality by lowering the rate of return on investment for activities abroad. Adding a capped foreign tax credit for VATs will thus relieve double taxation and, at the same time, put Chairman Thomas's insight regarding direct and indirect taxes into practice.


A fractional factorial plan is of resolution III if it permits estimation of the mean and all main effects under the assumption that all interactions are zero. If the plan permits estimation of the mean and all main effects without correlation, the plan is said to be an orthogonal main-effect plan. Such plans have been extensively studied and catalogued by Addelman (1962) and Addelman and Kempthorne (1961a). Additional plans have been reported by Starks (1964), Margolin (1968), Dey and Ramakrishna (1977), and Chacko, Dey, and Ramakrishna (1979). In this paper, a new technique for constructing orthogonal main-effect plans for asymmetrical factorials of the type t . s"' is presented. Two series of plans are obtained through this technique. These plans have been constructed with the help of orthogonal arrays, introduced by Rao (1947). A k x N matrix A with entries from a set C containing s( 2 2) symbols is called an orthogonal array of size N, with k constraints, s symbols, and strength t, if each t x N submatrix of A contains all possible t x 1 column vectors with the same frequency, p. The array is denoted by (N, k, s, t) and /J is called the index of the array, Obviously, N = ps'. An orthogonal array (N, k, s, t) is called resolvable if it is possible to partition the k x N matrix A into u submatrices B1, . . . , B,, each of size k x sp (1 I p < t), such that in each row of each of the matrices Bi (for i = 1, . . . , u), all the s symbols occur equally frequently. Clearly, u = N/sP. This article shows that resolvable orthogonal arrays of strength two can be used to construct orthogonal main-effect plans for asymmetrical factorials of the type t sm. A number of new plans can be obtained through the proposed technique. A list of such plans requiring at most 100 runs is given. Most of these plans are saturated.


The present invention relates to a reinforced polyamide molding material, can be prepared from a polyamide blend, for example, can be prepared by compounding the cut fibers or continuous filaments on the on the twin-screw extruder, a so-called exceptionally high at the high toughness have the physical properties that are not mutually co-exist with a conventional combination of stiffness and strength. Further, according to the present invention, a high heat distortion temperature (HDT) is achieved. Thermoplastic polyamide molding materials of the present invention is suitable for molding products or other semi-finished products or finished products, for example, extrusion, injection molding, can be prepared by direct method or direct compounding, and the compounding of the polyamide molding material is injection It is directly processed by the processing method in the molding or other modifications. Polyamide, molding materials, heat distortion temperature, injection molding


A broad beam cold cathode Penning ionization gauge ion source is developed for ion‐beam‐assisted deposition. The ion source is composed of several modules and it is 88 mm in diameter and 80 mm in height without any cooling system. The discharge voltage is 500 V. The multiaperture extracted ion beam diameter at the exit is 35 mm. It can be operated dc in oxygen, argon, nitrogen, and other gases. The ion energy can be adjusted from 50 to 1500 eV and the maximum extraction current density is above 200 μA/cm2. The extracted ion beam is matched to the arched rack in different vacuum coaters. Due to the small volume of the ion source, single or multiple sources can be installed according to the volume of the coaters.


A packet analyzer is a tool for debugging sensor network systems and is convenient for developers. In this paper, we introduce a new packet analyzer based on an embedded system. The proposed packet analyzer is compatible with IEEE 802.15.4, which is suitable for the wireless communication standard for sensor networks, and is available for remote control by adopting a server-client scheme based on the Ethernet interface. To confirm the operations of the packet analyzer, we have developed two types of sensor nodes based on PIC4620 and ATmega128L microprocessors and tested the functions of the proposed packet analyzer by obtaining the packets from the sensor nodes. Keywords—Sensor network, embedded system, packet analyzer.


Objective To evaluate the application of acellular dermalmatrix in gingival reconstruction around dental.Methods From January 2008 to July 2009,25 patients with inadequate keratinized gingival underwent treatment and acellular dermal matrix were also applied in the area.Among them 7 were men and 18 were women.The age ranged from 22 to 54 years old(means 38).11 implantations placed and restored.Clinical examination was conducted.follow-up the healing conditions of the clinical.Aesthetic evaluation.Results 20 cases acquires satisfaction effects.3 cases undertake corona-replacement technical repeat gain.after1year,15 cases got the attachment gingival about 3mm.Conclusion Acellular dermalmatrix in gingival reconstruction has significant clinical benefit for aesthetics and treatment outcomes outline of the soft tissues.And acquire satisfaction effects on post-graft


Abstract It is known that the diffusion equation used to model transport in a large variety of chromatographic techniques has an infinite speed of signal propagation, i.e., if c(x,t) is the concentration at time t, then c(x,t) > 0 for any t > 0. We generalize and solve the telegraph equation, which is known to have a finite speed of signal propagation, to allow for asymmetric convection, as is appropriate for the theory of chromatographic processes. We derive the telegraph equation from a continuous time random walk picture and examine two sources of convection, an asymmetry in sojourn times in states in which diffusing particles move in one direction or the other, and a corresponding asymmetry in the velocities.


Dual eye-tracking (DUET) is a promising methodology to study and support collaborative work. The method consists of simultaneously recording the gaze of two collaborators working on a common task. The main themes addressed in the workshop are eye-tracking methodology (how to translate gaze measures into descriptions of joint action, how to measure and model gaze alignment between collaborators, how to address task specificity inherent to eye-tracking data) and more generally future applications of dual eye-tracking in CSCW. The DUET workshop will bring together scholars who currently develop the approach as well as a larger audience interested in applications of eye-tracking in collaborative situations. The workshop format will combine paper presentations and discussions. The papers are available online as PDF documents at http://www.dualeyetracking.org/DUET2011/.


The Whole Liao and Jin Dynasties was published soon after the publication of the Complete Collection of Poems in the Jin Dynasty, which corrected some errors therein and progress in complation of unpablished poems achieved some progress. However, oversights and mistakes abound. The Complete Collection of Poems in the Liao and Jin Dynasties had some notable in collection, punctuation, annotations, textual researches of poets' biographies, and etc which are un-healthy tendencies of academic discipline.


Late hematoma is a rare complication on the use of breast implants but on recent year's case reports become more frequent, there's no data regarding the incidence, authors report multiple theory's about etiology. In this case report we report a patient who presented a spontaneous late hematoma, patient arrived at doctor's office complaining about gradual increase over the last 15 days of left breast, we treated the hematoma with guided-ultrasound drainage with total improvement of the symptoms, 1 week later the patient returns for the same symptoms that occurred the first time, an ultrasound-guided drainage is performed again and it is decided to schedule the surgical date in 1 week, as reported on previous cases we tried non-invasive management with ultrasound guided drainage on 2 attempts but patient hematoma recurred and we decided to perform drainage, capsulectomy and implant replacement, we follow the patient through the outpatient clinic 7 months later, and she has not presented a hematoma recurrence.


Virtual learning platforms are important for the future of education, especially during unprecedented times like the current covid-19 pandemic. Such learning platforms are expected to be interactive and help students communicate better with teachers and other students even virtually. This research work intends to develop a virtual learning platform in the form of a website that allows teachers to connect with students via individual and group video conferencing, create basic quizzes for the students, easily evaluate the quizzes and monitor student attendance. This website would also be useful for the students as it allows them to learn better by understanding answers for the graded quizzes. It also allows the students to view their obtained marks, check their attendance, have one-to-one video interaction with the teachers using a WEBRTC technique and Python Django framework, and, much more, all in a single platform. All the data are stored and manipulated in the MYSQL database. Thereby serving as a one-stop approach for every need of a student without having multiple websites and thereby creating a hassle out of it. The entire front end was developed entirely using web technologies like HTML, CSS, Javascript.


The catalytic wet oxidation of poor biodegradable and/or toxic organic compounds originating from dye-stuff, photographic and pharmaceutic industry in a diluted water solution appears to be the most convenient process. The study has been devoted to the investigation of (1) amino-, carboxy- and sulfo-substituents influence on course of hydroxyl-aromatics oxidation, (2) the testing of catalytic activity of active carbon and, (3) to the comparison of batch and continuous trickle bed operation behaviour. Laboratory scale high pressure reactors have been used at temperature 120-160°C, and under oxygen partial pressure 2-5 MPa and pH 3-10. Active carbon type catalyst exhibits lower activity than the copper one. The advantage of active carbon extrudates is a high interphase packing area. The slurry operation has been influenced by the autocatalytic mechanisms of the reaction. On the other hand, the trickle bed operation has been strongly influenced by wetting efficiency which implies an optimal productivity of the reactor.


Western states, facing steadily increasing demands on limited water resources, have developed administrative regimes for regulating water use based on the judicially developed private property concepts derived from the customary appropriative rights dominant in the west. Eastern states have declined to adopt appropriative rights but have instead developed markedly different model of administrative rights based upon riparian principles. This new model of water law is best described as a 'regulated riparian' system. Regulated riparianism treats water as a form of public property rather than common property (as under riparian rights) or as private property (as under appropriative rights). Water use depends upon the grant of a permit by the state and is not limited to riparian lands, but the allocation is made according to administratively determinations of the 'reasonableness' of competing uses rather than upon temporal priority.


Out of 36 sheep in a flock, 14 were showing signs of scabies including alopecia, crusts formation with superficial skin fissures, hyperkeratosis and itching. Distribution of the lesions was noticed over the nose bridge, around the muzzle and margins of the ear pinna. Microscopic examination of the skin scrapings revealed the presence of adult mites of Sarcoptesscabie. The affected sheep were separated from healthy groups and divided into two groups. In group-I, animals was treated with ivermectin @ 200 μg/kg body weight subcutaneously and in group-II, animals were treated with ivermectin @200 μg/kg body weight along with an external application of neem leaves paste. Clinical improvement was recorded in both the groups by the disappearance of the skin lesions and parasitological examination of skin scrapings revealed no evidence of adult mites in both the groups. Keywords: Scabies, sheep, ivermectin, neem leaves Cite this Article Sivajothi S, Sudhakara Reddy B. Therapeutic Management of Sarcoptic Mange with Neem Leave Paste in a Sheep Flock. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2018; 7(3): 1–2p.


In recent decades, biomass attracted a great deal of attention as an alternative source for fuels and chemicals produced from fossil sources. When aiming for liquid bio-fuels, fast pyrolysis emerges as one of the prominent technologies. Major challenges in direct fast pyrolysis utilization are associated with high content of oxygenated organics in the produced bio-oil with high degree of functionalization. Present thesis applies catalytic hydrodeoxygenation as a promising route to reduce oxygen content in bio-oil by making use of model compounds. This thesis investigates alternative Mo based catalysts with varying catalyst properties to assess their performance during anisole hydrodeoxygenation through kinetic experimentation and material characterization. Through which, different factors affecting catalysts' activity, stability and deoxygenation selectivity have been studied in detail and valuable insights are gathered. Subsequently, the potential to extrapolate the information obtained on bio-oil model compounds' hydrodeoxygenation to more complex feedstock is explored using aromatics, aliphatic (C6, C7) carboxylic acids, aldehydes, alcohols and their mixtures. Present thesis lays a good foundation for the extension of knowledge on catalyst and operating conditions requirements for bio-oil catalytic upgrading.


This paper analyzes dual voltage controllers for single-phase power factor correction circuits which use boost topology. The slower voltage controller with a low bandwidth operates during the steady state condition, keeping the THD within the required limits and maintaining the DC-bus voltage at its reference value. The faster voltage controller with high bandwidth operates only during disturbances. Faster response to disturbances necessitates less energy storage in the DC-bus capacitor, hence a smaller capacitance value resulting in a compact and a light-weight circuit. The comparative study between the proposed scheme and the conventional PFC circuit is carried out. The experimental results for the proposed model are presented.


In 2008 the Strategic Road Safety Plan 2008-2020 (SPV) was formulated. This plan is the basis of the biannual Action Programmes, among other things. It has been decided that the SPV will be reviewed every four years to assess whether its implementation will meet the targets in 2020 and whether the SPV must possibly be revised. This report is meant as a tool for this review. It deals with prognoses for the number of fatalities and serious road injuries in 2020 with implementation of the SPV; they are defined as reference prognoses. Before drawing up the prognoses, it was studied whether the points of departure of the SPV are still applicable. Modification in the points of departure has been accounted for in the formulation of the prognoses. The prognoses have been drawn up in two stages. In the first place, the development in risk from the past (1995-2009) has been extrapolated to the future (2020) for various groups of casualties. The 'forecasting model' developed by SWOV has been used for this purpose. The expected risks are multiplied by mobility or population prognoses derived from the Welfare, Prosperity and Quality of the Living Environment (WLO) study from 2006. The total number of casualties in 2020 has been estimated by adding the prognoses for the various subgroups. These first reference prognoses for the total number of fatalities and the total number of serious road injuries have next been revised for adjustments in road safety policy. Taken into account are the a number of 'current measures' that may be expected to have less or, rather, more effect on road safety and a number of 'new measures' in the SPV that are expected to have extra effect. This report may be accessed by Internet users at: http://www.swov.nl/rapport/R-2011-12.pdf


The Lyapunov function and the Hurwitz criterion were mainly used to prove the global and local stability of virus dynamics model which have overall infectious with immune response.It was proved that the virus was cleared if the basic reproduction number was R0≤1,and the virus persisted in the host if R01;further,positive solutions of the model approached to an immune-free steady state if the immune response reproductive number was R1≤1,and the system tended to an endemic steady state if R11.


In fluorites, the principal intrinsic lattice defect at ordinary temperatures is the anion Frenkel pair, with the interstitial at a cube-centre site. However, quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics studies show that this defect structure is not important in the heavily disordered superionic phase of fluorites. Here the authors discuss the structure and stability of cluster of anion vacancies and interstitials (2:2:2 type cluster) and show that it is sufficiently stable to exist in a transient fashion at high temperatures and to account for some of the effective reduction in anion Frenkel energy necessary to generate the disorder in the superionic phase. It also accounts to some extent for the q dependence of quasielastic scattering intensity in the superionic phase (Clausen et al. 1981).


Natural convective steady-state motion inside a bidimensional semielliptic cavity is investigated numerically by means of a finite-element algorithm. The ceiling of the cavity is kept at a known temperature with a sinusoidal spatial distribution and the floor is assumed thermally insulated. A parametric study is carried out by varying the aspect ratio and the Grashof number. The convective motion is found to be composed of a main cell plus two small corner cells, one of which disappears at high Grashof numbers or aspects ratios. Heat is transferred mainly across the upper part of the cavity, the lower portion remaining essentially isothermal.


Given the definition and some properties of the Weisfeiler radical of a class Z-graded Lie superalgebras over a field F.This generalized the corresponding result pertaining to Lie algebras.


Stress has complex effects on learning and memory, depending on both the type of stress and when the animal experiences it. Honeybees and bumblebees are agriculturally important pollinators for whom the effects of stress are extremely relevant. These pollinators are often transported long distances during which colonies experience severe physical disturbance, causing stress to individuals prior to their release for pollination. Under natural foraging conditions, bees are excellent at learning about the flowers they forage from, including associations between floral stimuli and rewards. However, it is not clear how stress might affect bees' abilities to learn and remember floral features. Here we address the effects of acute stress on learning and memory in the bumble bee, Bombus impatiens. Using the Proboscis Extension Response (PER) protocol, we look at stress effects on learning and memory in three experiments. After being trained to a conditioned stimulus, we addressed: (1) the effect of 24 h and (2) 30 min of stress on the recall of this learned association and (3) the effect of stress on subsequently learning an association. We found that 24 h of stress after learning appeared to improve memory recall, and there was a trend in the same direction for 30 min of stress. However, bees that were stressed prior to learning an association did not differ from unstressed bees in their ability to learn or remember an association. Our finding that stress has effects on memory in the bumblebee could have implications for their use in behavioral experiments and for promoting the success of both managed and wild populations. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Stress affects all animals, but can do so in many different ways. Stress encompasses a broad range of experiences, including utritional stress, physical stress (pain), social stress and psychological stress. Stressors elicit a variety of physiological esponses, but can also be seen through behavioral responses. How stress affects an individual's ability to learn and remember s diverse, there being no simple relationship between stress and learning (Schwabe, Joëls, Roozendaal, Wolf, & Oitzl, 2012). he effects of stress on learning and memory depend on both the type of stress (chronic e.g., Pravosudov, 2003; or acute e.g., hors, 2001), when the stress occurs (before or after learning, and how long before or after (Schwabe, Wolf, & Oitzl, 2010), nd individual factors such as sex and age (Shors, 2006). In the current study, we address the effect of stress on learning and emory in a case not before investigated, that of the bumble bee. Please cite this article in press as: Muth, F., et al. The effects of acute stress on learning and memory in bumblebees. Learning and Motivation (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2014.10.007 As generalist foragers, honey bees and bumblebees are extremely adept at learning associations between floral features nd nectar rewards, both in order to learn the most highly rewarding flowers to forage on (Chittka, Thomson, & Waser, 1999) nd to learn how to handle flowers effectively (Chittka & Thomson, 1997; Heinrich, 1979; Laverty, 1980, 1994). Bees have ∗ Corresponding author at: Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA. E-mail address: email@example.com (F. Muth). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2014.10.007 023-9690/© 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. G Model ARTICLE IN PRESS YLMOT-1434; No. of Pages 9 2 F. Muth et al. / Learning and Motivation xxx (2015) xxx–xxx emerged as a model system for the study of learning and memory (Giurfa, 2007), using both free-flying behavioral assays (Papaj & Lewis, 1993), and the Proboscis Extension Response (PER) paradigm (Bitterman, Menzel, Fietz, & Schäfer, 1983; Riveros & Gronenberg, 2009; Takeda, 1961). In the PER protocol, an individually harnessed bee is presented with an initially neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus; CS, e.g., an odor), paired with a sucrose reward (the unconditioned stimulus; US). After the animal learns this association, it will extend its proboscis (in order to drink the sugar reward) in response to the conditioned stimulus alone (the conditioned response; CR). PER has been used extensively in research on learning and memory in honey bees (reviewed in Giurfa & Sandoz, 2012) and, more recently, in bumble bees (Laloi et al., 1999; Riveros & Gronenberg, 2009). However, despite extensive study of learning and memory processes in bees (Menzel & Giurfa, 2001), and a parallel literature on their physiological stress responses (reviewed in Even, Devaud, & Barron, 2012), we know little about what effects stress might have on learning and memory in this system. Honeybees and bumblebees are perhaps the most important insects for human agriculture, due to the pollination service they provide around the world (Gallai, Salles, Settele, & Vaissière, 2009). These commercial pollinators face a number of stressors, many of which have been linked to their recent decline, including but not limited to habitat loss and fragmentation, use of agrochemicals, pathogens, parasitic mites and climate change (Potts et al., 2010). Aside from these diverse stressors, one form of stress for commercial pollinators comes from their long-distance transportation (Ahn, Xie, Riddle, Pettis, & Huang, 2012). For example, honey bees are transported from Florida to California in the spring for almond pollination, and from Michigan to Florida over winter before being brought back for apple and cherry pollination. Bumble bees pollinate a wide variety of economically important crops, including kiwifruit, tomatoes, strawberries, eggplant, sweet peppers, cranberries and blueberries, and are shipped from the east to the west of America (e.g., Whittington & Winston, 2004). While being packed for this transportation, during transportation and in unpacking afterwards, colonies are likely to experience physical disturbance (i.e., vibration). Bees within a colony are sensitive to such physical disturbance, and respond with behavior such as hissing (Kirchner & Röschard, 1999) and production of alarm pheromone (Jandt, Robins, Moore, & Dornhaus, 2012). Such disturbance (i.e., by shaking) also causes pessimistic cognitive biases in bees (Bateson, Desire, Gartside, & Wright, 2011). Once a colony reaches its destination and bees begin foraging, they will learn associations between features of the flowers they visit and the reward the flowers offer, as well as learning how to handle these flowers effectively. These same bees may then be transported again to the same or a different crop, thus experiencing more stress. Even among wild populations of bees, there is some evidence that queens prefer relatively "undisturbed" nest sites (e.g., those away from intensively managed fields; Barron, Wratten, & Donovan, 2000). However, we do not know what effects stress by physical disturbance has on bee learning and memory. Stress is known to have both positive and negative effects on learning in animals, depending on a number of factors (reviewed in Joëls, Pu, Wiegert, Oitzl, & Krugers, 2006; Sandi & Pinelo-Nava, 2007). One factor that might be of particular relevance to commercial bees that are transported to the crops they pollinate is that of timing. At least in rats, which have largely been used as the model system for understanding stress effects on learning, when stress is encountered immediately after learning, it often has positive effects on memory consolidation, as opposed to when it is experienced prior to recalling a previously learned stimulus, where it is more likely to have detrimental effects (Roozendaal, 2002, 2003; Schwabe et al., 2012). To our knowledge, the only other study looking at stress effects on learning and memory in a bee addressed the effects of chronic nutritional stress on a honey bee colony (Mattila & Smith, 2008), a very different type of stress from the acute stress likely to also be experienced by commercial pollinators. Here we tested the effects of stress on learning and memory on the Common Eastern bumble bee, Bombus impatiens, a species encountered across Eastern North America and sold commercially across the USA and Canada. Specifically we looked at the effect of the timing and duration of one stressor (physical disturbance by shaking), on a learning and memory task. We made the assumption that physical disturbance by shaking would be acutely stressful to bumble bees, as bees that encounter physical disturbance show behavior that is likely to indicate stress, such as hissing (Kirchner & Röschard, 1999) and production of alarm pheromone (Jandt et al., 2012). Furthermore, shaking in honeybees has been shown to have physiological effects, as it changes the bees' levels of biogenic monoamines, reducing constitutive levels of octopamine, dopamine, and serotonin in the bees' haemolymph (Bateson et al., 2011; Chen, Hung, & Yang, 2008). We used the PER paradigm as this method allows precise control of conditioning. We carried out three experiments to ask the following questions: (1) what effect does 24 h of stress have on an individual's ability to recall a previously learned association?; (2) what effect does 30 min of stress have on an individual's ability to recall a previously learned association?; and (3) how does 30 min of stress preceding conditioning affect bees' ability to learn and remember an association?


The data communications demands of the Global War on Terror (GWOT) require massive use of satellite communications channels, both military and civilian. Extensive use of the K-band civilian SATCOM links is causing congestion and is a significant cost driver. The SATCOM-CX program is exploring a novel technical concept which will enable small Special Operations teams deployed worldwide to move to the much-cheaper C-band links, without needing to carry and set up the large bulky antennas previously needed for C-band SATCOM. SATCOM-CX will develop a proof-of-concept system that will enable global multi-user access to 100 kilobits per second (kbps) SATCOM channels with hand-held radios, using the existing C-band satellite architecture. This new capability becomes possible through a new SATCOM-CX paradigm which uses multiple satellites simultaneously. Using this approach, a multitude of co-channel users send broad-beam signals that illuminate several adjacent satellites. Powerful processing algorithms then isolate the individual communication links. Using the constellation in this manner provides signal and minimizes the communication equipment load that the soldiers need to carry with them. While the increased complexity of the SATCOM-CX communication link will demand the development of dynamic and adaptive network protocols to ensure optimal performance is achieved, the concept offers substantial cost and operational benefits for dealing with GWOT data communications needs.


Dissimilar joints between 1050 Al alloy and Cu were prepared by ultrasonic spot welding technique to understand the joint characteristics. The joint strength was evaluated by tensile shear strength test. The joint strength increased with increasing joining energy and the joint produced with sufficiently high energy was fractured at the base metal region of Al alloy. The interface microstructure in Al alloy consists of severely deformed region due to ultrasonic vibration. In addition, the fine and equiaxed grains were observed near the joint interface in the specimens fractured at the base metal. These characteristics were significantly different from the microstructure in the bulk region of Al alloy. In contrast, the microstructure in Cu was hardly changed around the interface after ultrasonic welding. Additionally, thin intermetallic compound layer with the thickness of 40 nm was found to be formed at the joint interface in the specimens fractured at the base metal. Peak temperature during ultrasonic welding was found to be approximately 480 K at the interface, which was measured using embedded thermocouple.


In recent years, wind power in China developed rappidly. More and more problems occurred with the integration of large-scale wind power. Arounding the issues of power system stability which are resulted from the integration of wind power and ite relevant technology, this paper mainly introduced the voltage stability from the angle of the definition and the classification, and analyzed power systems which contains wind farms from the angle of the research contents and methods of static and dynamic voltage stability, especially emphasizing the necessity of the bifurcation theory used in power system contains wind power.


*Corresponding author: Chun-Xian Cai Fund Project: The Technology Innovation Fund project of Sichuan Province (No.: 2013CD04471). Telephone: 13568019695 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Breast cancer is one of the malignant tumors threatening women's health and life, early diagnosis and early treatment is one of the most effective means of prevention. Molybdenum Target X-ray has become the main method to diagnose breast cancer for its high detection rate and unique advantage in calcification detection[1]. Tumor markers are clinically common used detection indexes of breast cancer with lower[2]. Target X-ray combined with tumor markers may help to improve the sensitivity of Mastocarcinoma diagnosis and play an important role in early diagnosis and prevention[3]. Our study aims to explore the clinical diagnostic value of Target X-ray combined with four commonly used tumor markers in the detection of Mastocarcinoma in early stage. 1 Materials and methods


This study sought student voices to examine the key characteristics of an out-of-school learning experience, designed to provide enrichment to students with above grade level academic talent. Using open-ended questions on a program evaluation survey, the study gauged the perceptions of 205 students who partook in a university-based academic summer program in Greece. Data analysis took a content analysis approach, which identified the major themes of student perceptions regarding their program and in-course experiences. By triangulating these responses with student ratings of overall satisfaction, we found that the experience of novelty was a key factor that set apart highly satisfying program and course experiences from less satisfying experiences. Another key finding with implications for future program design was that students perceived and depicted such novelty in two distinct forms, namely, content novelty and pedagogical novelty.


Objective To study the effect of Xue-bijing injection on neutrophils functions of patients with systemmic inflammatory respose syndrome SIRS.Methods Forty patients with SIRS were divided randomly into Xue-bijing group(n=20) and control group(n=20).The peripheral blood neutrophils chemotactic,phagocytic and oxidative respiratory burst activities of 2 groups were determined with flow cytometry before and after 3 d、7 d and 10 d of therapy.Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅲ(APACHE Ⅲ) for patients were recorded before therapy and after 3 d,7 d,10 d of therapy.The neutrophils functions of 10 healthy volunteers were also detected as normal.Results The activities of neutrophils in patients with SIRS before therapy exhibited significantly higher than those obtained from healthy volunteers(P0.01).Compared with control group,the neutrophils functions were markedly attenuated and APACHE Ⅲ scores decreased significantly in Xue-bijing group(P0.05).Conclusion Injectable Xue-bijing can alleviate the neutrophils activities and protect tissue cell and improve the outcome in patients with SIRS.


MIDST (Mixed Inferencing Dempster Shafer Tool) is a rule-based expert system shell that incorporates mixed-initiative reasoning and uncertain reasoning based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence combination scheme. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a rule network for MIDST that facilitates an efficient implementation of the mixed-initiative reasoning scheme.


The effective ionization parameters have important influence on the discharge plasma structure in the fluid model, by which the air breakdown in the 110 GHz HPM field is investigated. Several groups of ionization parameters are introduced into fluid model to study the air breakdown, and the results show that the parameters reported by Morrow et al is most reasonable. Numerical simulations also indicate that a sequential discrete filamentary array is generated at one atmospheric pressure, the spacing of adjacent filaments is approximately equal to one-quarter wavelength, and the plasma front moves toward the microwave source. The velocity of the plasma front compares well with the experimental result.


This theoretical study presents an overview of the links between bullying / victimization and loneliness during childhood. Bullying and victimization are conceptually clarified and research evidence is briefly reviewed about bullying and victimization as risk factors for children's mental health. Next, this study focuses on the links between bullying / victimization and loneli¬ness mainly in the school context. Complex paths leading from bullying / vic¬timization to loneliness and vice versa, and developmental trajectories of this association emerged from the existing concurrent and longitudinal data. Finally, some research implications for prevention and intervention efforts aiming at reducing bullying in school are discussed.


The invention relates to a gesture command robot. The robot comprises a base and a storage box arranged at the upper part of the base; the service robot is further provided with an image collector; a lifting device is arranged between the base and the storage box, and a moving device is arranged at the bottom of the base; and the image collector collects gesture commands, a system compares the gesture commands with pre-stored gestures, judges the intention of users and executes the intention. The following gestures can serve as the pre-stored gestures for common operation: the rotation gesture commanding the base to drive the storage box to rotate such as the horizontal pointing gesture with the thumb parallel with a tangent line, wherein the thumb pointing direction is the rotating direction; the translation gesture commanding the base to drive the storage box to do linear motion such as the horizontal pointing gesture with the thumb perpendicular to the tangent line, wherein the thumb pointing direction is the translation direction; the lifting gesture commanding the lifting device to drive the storage box to be lifted such as the gesture with the thumb placed vertically and upwards; and the descending gesture commanding the lifting device to drive the storage box to descend such as the gesture with the thumb placed vertically and downwards.


Mixed-planted of the pasture Setaria sphacelata with the invasive weed, Ageratina adenophora in invaded area slowed down the growth of A. adenophora. Based on controlling invasive A adenophora by S.sphacelata, rhizophere soil microbes of A. adenophora were tested, results indicated that mixed-planted S. sphacelata promoted the mutualistic symbiosis of soil microbes. Correlation of rhizophere soil microbes of A. adenophora in mixed-planted area was remarkable higher than those in the invaded area (control experiment) (P0.05).


Recruiting 116 Swedish 5th grade students this research aimed to investigate creative classroom climate (CCC) factors by use of a newly constructed Creative Classroom Climate Questionnaire (CCCQ). Resultant CCC data was tested in association with motivational orientation and student creative ability using the Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ) and the Alternative Uses Test (AUT). Results revealed that the effect of CCC on creative ability was not significantly mediated by motivation. However, a direct relation between CCC and motivational style was observed, along with a positive impact of CCC on creative ability. The result contributes to research which has highlighted the positive effects of certain factors of the classroom climate such as; freedom, openness, playfulness, mastery, idea support and low conflict as being contributory to student outcomes. Yet, despite this knowledge and the prevailing need for superior divergent thinking in global economic performance and change, a precise understanding of the specific factors which impact upon CCC is understudied. Likewise, although much literature discusses the role of motivation in classroom behaviours there is little addressing the relationship between motivation related to creativity as explicit to a classroom environment regardless of assertions that mastery motivation is deemed a prerequisite or a part of creative performance. Furthermore, existing classroom research is predominantly qualitative descriptions of climates instead of statistical relations with a lack of studies verifying CCC measurements, here the CCCQ is offered as a step towards a solution.

Keywords: Creativity, Motivation, Classroom, Teaching.


This guide provides tips, fact checking websites, and resources to help you discern whether the news you see, read, and hear about is real or fake.


Background: Decidua refers to a metaplastic change in the endometrium due to the effects of progesterone during pregnancy. Ectopic decidua has been observed commonly in the ovaries, uterus, and cervix, however, other sites within the peritoneal cavity are considered rare. We report a case of ectopic decidua in appendix in a 26 year old pregnant lady mimicking an acute appendicitis with RIF pain, fever, and leucocytosis. The symptoms resolved following appendicectomy. Histopathologic findings showed serosal decidual tissue in the distal appendix with mild neutrophil infiltration but without evidence of acute appendicitis. Conclusion: Ectopic appendiceal decidua is rare but it may mimic acute appendicitis.


Currently, the volume of accumulated ash is growing continuously, and the free capacity of existing ash dumps is decreasing. Therefore, the key policy direction in relation to thermal power plants is the efficient use of waste from CHP activities instead of natural mineral raw materials. In the author's opinion, achieving this goal is possible only through comprehensive utilization of ash and slag waste. The purpose of the scientific article is to substantiate the economic feasibility of complex utilization of ash and slag waste. The methodological basis of the scientific article is a comprehensive approach to the study of the main directions of ash and slag waste disposal. The author has developed an investment project for the sale of ash and slag waste to consumers. The estimation of costs for construction of a new ash dump on an existing sample is carried out. Thus, the economic feasibility of complex utilization of ash and slag waste is justified. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


An improved version of IRACQ (for Interpretation Rule ACQuisition) is presented. Our approach to semantic knowledge acquisition: 1) is in the context of a general purpose NL interface rather than one that accesses only databases, 2) employs a knowledge representation formalism with limited inferencing capabilities, 3) assumes a trained person but not an Al expert, and 4) provides a complete environment for not only acquiring semantic knowledge, but also maintaining and editing it in a consistent knowledge base. IRACQ is currently in use at the Naval Ocean Systems Center.


Based on the corpus, this research conducts a systematic statistical and analysis on the types of Chinese characters errors of Chinese learners from different countries. It is found that errors of traditional Chinese characters are the main types of learners from Philippines, Indo-European language countries and Sino-Tibetan language countries. Learners from Japan, South Korea and North Korea have the highest frequency of wrongly written characters. To know the frequency of various types of errors in learners with different native language backgrounds could provide reference for the teaching of Chinese characters as a second language.


This article applies the panel data unit root tests provided by Im, Pesaran and Shin (Discussion paper, 1997) to examine the interest rate convergence of small-open Asian countries with major financial centres. With monthly data from 1988:1 to 1997:6, it was found that the nominal interest rates of these countries converge to the US rates rather than to Japan's. This finding is consistent with the view that the monetary authorities of non-Japan Asian economies pegged their exchange rates overwhelmingly to the dollar rather than the yen before the financial crisis of 1997.


This article summarizes changes that have occurred during the past decade, describes the current state of the field of education of children who are deaf or hard of hearing (i.e., whom we teach, where we teach, how we teach, and what we teach), and poses action needed in the future. It addresses these topics through a review of pertinent literature and through the presentation of information gathered from a set of teachers from diverse settings who work with students who are deaf or hard of hearing.


The abundance information of contaminated insulators flashover processing is included in the leakage current, but huge data decrease the speed of transmission and management system. In according with the non-linear and acute shock characteristic of leakage current,this paper uses fractal interpolation with right compressed arithmetic operators to construct the original leakage current from limited data based on the fractal theory, and the original leakage current data are gotten from insulator flashover experiments. Whereas, fractal interpolation is also a good data compression method. In order to get a high precise and smooth curve, subsection linear fractal interpolation and SVM function are used. The curve fitting experiment results show that the fractal interpolation is provided with unique advantage in the fitting of devious curve.


The interfacial characteristics of an oil-water-surfactant sample were studied using the thermal neutron reflectometer at the Rhode Island Nuclear Science Center (RINSC). The sample was a mixture of deuterated octane with H{sub 2}O and non-ionic surfactant (C{sub 10}E{sub 4}), spread onto an H{sub 2}O substrate. A mixture of low surfactant concentration was used so that it could demix into a lamellar oil-water structure, stabilized by a monolayer of surfactant intervening at each oil-water interface. The reflectivity data showed a clearly visible difference between 25.2 C and 30.2 C, indicating that the significant increase of interfacial tension between these two temperatures induced a structural transition.


Coleridge claimed that Wordsworth was a "Spectator ab extra" a writer who had "utter non-sympathy with the subjects" of his poetry (Table Talk 1: 342). He might have had in mind the last lines of "The Old Cumberland Beggar" in which the poet-narrator declares, "As in the eye of Nature [the beggar] has liv'd, /So in the eye of Nature let him die" (188-9). As David Simpson observes in Wordsworth, Commodification, and Social Concern (2009), modern critics "seeking to estimate Wordsworth's probity as a political radical or simply as a minimally decent human being have found it a challenging poem" (63-4). Yet what if criticism of this insensitivity toward the beggar reflects a presumption challenged by the poem, that taking interest in the destitute means discerning their feelings? Wordsworth's detailed description of the beggar rejects the view that concern for the impoverished should be based on sympathizing with or imagining oneself into their situations, a view consistent with attitudes shared by many of Wordsworth's first readers and encouraged by other poems about the poor and homeless, which I call "humanitarian." (1) "The Old Cumberland Beggar" does more, however, than oppose an entrenched attitude about sympathy for the poor. The poem also reveals how this form of sympathy can turn coercive, becoming a test rather than a motive for concern. Wordsworth identifies his target audience for poems such as "The Old Cumberland Beggar," and indicates his decision to baffle the standards of sympathy familiar to such readers, in an 1802 exchange of letters with John Wilson, an undergraduate at Glasgow University. Wilson had complained to Wordsworth that although he admired Lyrical Ballads, he and his associates were unable to "sympathize" with the "disgust[ing]" feelings of the poor characters in "The Idiot Boy" (1798) (337). (2) Wilson felt this antipathy was "founded upon established feelings of human nature" (338). Wordsworth replies: "People in our rank of life are perpetually falling into one sad mistake, [ ... ] that of supposing that human nature and the persons they associate with are one and the same thing. Whom do we generally associate with? Gentlemen, persons of fortune, professional men, ladies, persons who can afford to buy or can easily procure books of half a guinea price, hot-pressed, and printed upon superfine paper" (Early Years 355). In The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period (2004), William St. Clair documents the economic barriers to reading that Wordsworth mentions in his letter. In the Romantic period, only affluent middle and upper-class readers could afford new literature: a new book selling at the price that Wordsworth cites ("half a guinea," or 10s6d) would have cost the highest-paid skilled workers in Britain one third of their weekly incomes; it would have strained the weekly budgets of even the "professional men" Wordsworth mentions and the university student he addresses (St. Clair 195). Wordsworth observes that the price of new books turns the opinions of their few purchasers into falsely universal standards: "Few ever consider books but with reference to their power of pleasing these persons [who can afford to buy or easily procure new books] and men of a higher rank" (Early Years 355). Wilson, Wordsworth implies, judges "The Idiot Boy" by criteria of sympathy which seem universal only because they are reinforced by a literary culture catering to the price-controlled audience of which Wilson is a member. Given binding costs. Lyrical Ballads would have nearly reached the price that Wordsworth names (10s6d), (3) limiting its initial reception to "persons of fortune" and "professional men." Before composing poems for Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth borrowed and closely read the expensive periodicals, of varied political orientations, that published and reviewed the humanitarian poetry available to his first readership--poetry that largely affirmed Wilson's assumptions about sympathy. …


Industrial textile dye removal was investigated using dried fungal biomass (FB) and acid-tolerant chitosan-immobilized Rhizopus arrhizus biomass (Ch-F beads) to elucidate their potential application. The biosorption of two textile dyes, Cibacron Turquoise HGN (CT) and Remazol Red RGB (RR) was tested as dye models for phthalocyanine-based and azo-based reactive dyes. The surface charge density of Ch-F beads and FB was found to strongly accumulate both dyes under similar acidic (pH 3.0) conditions because of the synergy between the positive charges of the acidic pH and the anionic reactive dyes. The role of physicochemical properties related to their biosorption was described. Biosorption equilibrium was established within 30 min for the FB, but retarded for the Ch-F beads due to the densely packed fungal mycelia inside the beads. The diffusivity of RR and CT in the biosorbent was verified exploiting the proposed intraparticle diffusion model. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum dye uptake capacity of the Ch-F beads for RR and CT was 198.15 and 76.84 mg.g-1, respectively. The desorption of dye-loaded Ch-F was effective using 0.1 M NaOH. This indicated the desirable applicability of Ch-F beads for the treatment of wastewaters containing dyes.


At the end of 2019, the first news broke that a virus, first mapped in China, was spreading very quickly and with a high potential for lethality among those infected. Sars-cov-2, popularly known as the new coronavirus, generated the Covid-19 pandemic that brought about profound transformations in societies, interpersonal relationships and the business market worldwide, causing strong impacts on the productive sectors and the economy, as well as the way companies position themselves in the market, having to adapt to the new demands and needs of consumers. In this perspective, one of the strategies introducedor improved sales occurred in the digital sphere, which guided the realization of the present study, which aimed to carry out a bibliographic review to analyze the impacts generated by the Covid-19 pandemic in the strategic positioning of digital marketing and e-commerce of companies in the parents. To support the study, a qualitative approach was adopted, through the use of bibliographic research. It is concluded that the pandemic accelerated the future of massive implementation of digital commerce, generating a growth above the average of new users of e-commerce in Brazil, in addition to imposingentrepreneurs need to reinvent themselves, develop digital marketing strategies and adapt their businesses to the new context of consumption. The strategy has remained advantageous, with a strong tendency for these sales techniques to be maintained in the post-pandemic period.


NASA has awarded a contract to Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) of Reston, Virginia, to provide facility operations support services to the National Center for Critical Information Processing and Storage (NCCIPS) at the NASA Shared Services Center (NSSC).


In the last years, the world has faced a lot of significant challenges, like the COVID pandemic, or the Russo-Ukrainian War. Among others, both of them indicated that one has to focus on energy efficiency, because the energy prices have skyrocketed. Computer networks are part of our everyday life. Software-Defined Networks (SDNs) provide the ability to communicate with and control directly the network nodes and to ensure a more adaptable as well as better performing packet forwarding. These capabilities make possible to respond quickly and efficiently to network events. This article presents some possible solutions for optimizing SDN networks in terms of energy management. Beside doing a survey on four known methods the authors also present a novel heuristic solution called Modified Heuristic Algorithm for Energy Saving (MHAES). The new method is compared to another heuristic method and to the case of not applying any energy saving measures using simulations with three different topologies. The results show that both heuristic approaches provided significant energy savings and above a request number threshold MHAES clearly outperformed the previous heuristic method.


The arithmetic averaging Asian option appeared at the end of the 1980s and is particularly useful in the commodity markets. Even though much work has been done in this area, there is still no closed-form solution for its price. To that eect, Monte Carlo simulations is one of the most popular methods used today by practitioners to price Asian options and evaluate their Greeks. In this presentation, we derive prices for the geometric averaging Asian and Asian exchange options when interest rates are modeled by a Vasicek process. These prices can be used as control variates in the Monte Carlo simulation of the arithmetic Asian options as well as to approximate their Greeks.


SummaryThis paper describes a method of realizing QZSST (QZSS time) synchronized with UTC(NICT) in the planned update to a seven-satellite constellation QZSS to maintain PNT services in Japan. We expect uncertainties between QZSST and UTC(NICT) are small enough. Furthermore, we will confirm the realization of QZSST synchronized with UTC(NICT) through a demonstration lasting three years following the launch of the new satellites.


Second metals (Fe, Al, Cu, Ni, Co, Mo, Cr) were incorporated into V-HMS catalyst by impregnation to enhance the catalytic activity for the hydroxylation of benzene with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Among the studied second metals, Fe was found to be effective in improving the catalytic performance. Therefore, we synthesized a series of FexVy-HMS catalysts containing different amounts of Fe and V by the co-synthesis method. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3- TPD), and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The characterization results show that the mesoporous structure of HMS is maintained and the addition of Fe creates new acid sites and a stronger redox ability. Catalytic tests show that vanadium species are the active species and that the iron species promote the reaction. Under optimal reaction conditions, the Fe0.04V0.06-HMS catalyst gives the best catalytic performance with a highest phenol yield of 18.1% by comparison with 13.1% over the Fe-free catalyst Fe0.00V0.06-HMS. We propose a possible mechanism involving the Fe and V species for the hydroxylation of benzene with H2O2 as the oxidant.


This research involves comparative analysis of mobile radio transmission path loss models in Lagos state. Lagos, coastal region within an altitude of 38m, and geographical coordinates (63.60N, 3.280E), in the rainforest area of south-western, Nigeria. The measured active base stations propagation measured parameters (for selected areas; Agbowa, Ibeju Imota, Ilupeju, and Surulere in Lagos between 2019 and 2020 from MTN-NG Microsites) recorded between frequency range of 1500- 2500MHz band with a visible line of sight (LOS) in three areas within the state. Stanford University Interim, ECC-33 and COST 231 models were adopted and optimized models were developed and their empirical outcomes revealed standard deviations (SDs) of 1.87, 1.11, and 31.78 respectively at 500m distance from the microsite of average rural areas. For the sub-urban areas, RMSEs (root mean square errors) observed were 39.11, 0.04, and 1.98 and with SD being 33.52, 0.03, and 1.69.  More so, for an urban area, it was discovered that the RMSEs obtained for these three models were 34.84, 1.98 and 0.55 with SD of 29.86, 10.27 and 0.47 at same distance of 500m. The implication is that probability of an improved performance is high when optimized models is adopted compared with what is in existence.


The Jaina bhandaras of Rajasthan and Gujarat are famous for their enormous collections of MSS in Sanskrit, Prakrit, Apabhramsa, and also in Old Rajasthani and Gujarat!. Hitherto a large number of these MSS were scattered in various private libraries of the Jaina monasteries but thanks to the benevolent efforts of Muni Sri Punyavijayaji these are now collected at the L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad. He has also compiled a descriptive catalogue of some 10,000 of these valuable MSS the first part of which has now appeared. This part lists 3,764 MSS, divided into several major groups of literature : the Vedic (MSS 1-8), smrti (9-21), itihdsa-purdna (22-54), the philosophy-compendia (55-84), Nyaya (85129), Vaisesika (130-74), Yoga (175-9), Vedanta (180-8), Bauddha (189-92). The remaining MSS can be grouped under two major sections: (a) the Jaina canonical (Svetambara) texts and commentaries (1931071) and (6) miscellaneous Jaina literature consisting of stotras, srdvakdcdras, rituals, etc., in Sanskrit and Prakrit (1072-3764). Most of the MSS listed in this volume have been published with the exception of works belonging to the last group of miscellaneous literature. Nevertheless there are a large number of unpublished MSS dating from the fifteenth century onwards. Only a few important ones may be listed here (in chronological order) : Srdvakapratihramartavanddruvrtti by Devendrasuri (Vikrama Samvat 1350), Nydyaparisista by Vamadhvaja (v.s. 1350), Smrtisdrasamuccaya by Bhaguri (v.s. 1423), Laksandvali by Udayanacarya (v.s. 1500), Arddhandpatdkd (v.s. 1500), Tarlcadipikdvydkhyd by Advayaranya (v.s. 1528), Vajrasuci Upanisad by Sankara (v.s. 1750), Gurjaradesardjavatnsdvali by Rangavijaya (v.s. 1872). The catalogue is followed by an exhaustive collection (in 210 pp.) of excerpts from colophons of some of the major MSS listed here. A large number of these prasastis are fully reproduced, and these are a most valuable source of information for both the historian and the sociologist and also for the linguist interested in the late medieval period of Gujarat. We have good cause to be grateful to Muni Sri Punyavijayaji for generously presenting his vast collection to the L. D. Institute of Indology, and to Pandit Shah for all the labour which he has undertaken in editing this volume ; and we are glad of the assurance that the remaining two volumes (with indexes) should be published by the time this review appears.


ONE DAY last year while I was visiting a 5A music class the regular teacher asked me this question: "What am I to do with these children whom we have seated in the front of the room?" Continuing she remarked, "When I permit them to sing with the group they spoil the musical effect and they sometimes make our sight reading impossible. When I ask them not to sing they become restless and bored. Since they represent a minority in the class, I do not feel justified in using the music period to work with them individually." Then she asked me this second question: "Why can't we take these children out of the regular music class and place them in a separate class where the program of study can be made to meet their present needs and they will progress according to their ability?" It is obvious that we had been using the conventional seating arrangement for music classes. The seats in the rear of the room were given to the best singers and each seat toward the front was given to a child with a little less ability than that of the child behind him. We had been dissatisfied with this arrangement for some time, realizing that the children toward the front of the room were not getting the individual attention which they required and the class was progressing much too fast for them. The children in the center of the room were deriving the most benefit from the music lessons, and those in the rear were progressing much too slowly. However, nothing had been done to remedy the situation except to ask the children in the front of the room not to sing, but we felt that this would develop in these children a feeling of musical inferiority which might never leave them.


In recent years, the concept of physical preseparation of single atoms was introduced into the field of transactinide chemistry. The transactinide element of interest is isolated in a physical recoil separator and then extracted from this machine. The beam as well as the unwanted reaction products are strongly suppressed, allowing for the investigation of transactinides in new chemical systems that were not accessible before. The most important aspects of the technique are discussed and the advantages for chemical studies of transactinides are outlined.


The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of organizational architecture on good governance in the presidential office-presidential institution. The statistical population of this research is the number of employees in the presidential office in Tehran with a staff of 750 people. Using the Cochran formula, the sample was 256 people.  The research method is descriptive-survey and is a part of applied research. A standard questionnaire is used to collect data. In this research, SPSS software is used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis of the research data showed that the dimensions of organizational architecture on good governance had a positive and significant effect. In other words, it turned out that the objective architecture, information architecture, application architecture, data and technology architecture have a positive and significant impact on good governance. Finally, suggestions are presented regarding the results obtained.


The recent spurt of attempts into the study of folklore and gender studies have opened up new standpoints and provided for novel perspectives, questioning the conventional take into these areas. Gender perspective is inevitably occupied a significant place in the academic domain of folklore. Various facets of folklore can be analyzed by use of the gender perspective. In this research paper, an analysis is attempted on the state of women in the well-known folktale entitled "Mekurir Jiyekar Sadhu" (The Tale of the Cat"s Daughter) from the collection of folktales "Burhi Aair Sadhu", by the celebrated Assamese author Lakshminath Bezbaruah. The analysis primarily concentrates on the Gender perspective in the select folktale from the folktales collection "Burhi Aair Sadhu". Keywords: Assamese Folktale, Female Character, Gender Perspective, Gender Studies, Male Dominance, Patriarchal Society. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 11-01-2018 Date of acceptance: 26-01-2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I. INTRODUCTION The recent study into folklore has seen the exercise of Gender as a parameter and the various gender perspectives have led to the initiation of new thought processes on folklore. Gender studies in folklore encompasses— Gender perspectives to the evolution of culture and folklore, the prominence of men or women in folklores and a comparative analysis of their respective gender aspects, gender voice i.e. the voice of men or women in the records of folklore, Gender specifics in folklore etc. Although some studies have been conducted for Laksminath Bezbaruah"s works entitled "Burhi Aair Sadhu", gender perspective has not been previously applied to gain information on the state of women and the contemporary society at the time of record. This research paper attempts to analyze the state of women from gender perspective in a select folktale by the name of "Mekurir Jiyekar Sadhu" (The Tale of the Cat"s Daughter) from the collection of folktales "Burhi Aair Sadhu" authored by the renowned Lakshminath Bezbaruah of Assam. The principal analytical discussion on the select folktale is preceded by a brief portrayal on intertwining areas of significance viz. gender studies, pillars of gender formation in society, areas in gender studies, relation between gender studies and folklore and the context of gender studies in folklore. 1.2 Objectives of the Study The paper aims to analyze the state of women in society by application of Gender perspective as an analytical lens to the famous folktale "Mekurir Jiyekar Sadhu" (The Tale of the Cat"s Daughter) by Lakshminath Bezbaruah. Such a study is intended to bring out the state of women in a patriarchal society. 1.3 Methodology The present study is based on analytical method. The analysis primarily concentrates on the Gender perspective. Secondary data have been collected from library work. II. THEORETICAL DISCUSSION 2.1 Concept of Gender and Gender Studies The usual widespread misconception about the interchangeability of Sex and Gender needs no introduction. Sex is a creation of birth while Gender is created by the society we live in. The society forms Gender Identity. The concept of Gender is thus an independent academic domain. The Status of Women in the Assamese Folktale "Mekurir Jiyekar Sadhu" (The Tale of the Cat"s .. DOI: 10.9790/0837-2301084750 www.iosrjournals.org 48 | Page However, feminism is another sphere that is entangled with gender studies. Evidently, the fight put up by feminism against Gender bias is existent from inception of the former term. This provides for a coordinated insight into folklore from feminism and gender perspective. Feminism is seen to gain popularity with the rising development of underdeveloped and developing nations across the globe. And yet the civilization has not surpassed the barriers of Gender specific issues till date. Such barriers are frequently observed in the various aspects of folklore. Evidences of these issues are reflected in the folklore of various cultures and are termed as Gender Dimensions of Folklore (Islam 2011: 299). 2.2 Gender Studies and the Pillars of Gender Formation In the discussion of Gender, a significant area is Gender formation in society. This context has been elaborately discussed in the book "The Second Sex" (1949) by French author Simon De Beauvoir. The subject of Gender studies as a whole is immensely influenced by the Beauvoir"s quotation that "One is not born, but becomes, women". It may be noted here that Beauvoir did not place his faith in the sexual nature of women. Instead, he placed his importance on nature of human being. Beauvoir has earnestly attempted to assert in his writings that Gender formation and Gender Identity is a result of society and not a result of birth. (Supplementary reading of Beauvoir"s book "The Second Sex" is suggested for better understanding on the matter). Gender studies places focused discussion on societal-cultural Gender alone. This does not mean that the subject of "Biological Sex" can be completely ignored since the formation of Gender by socialization and social processes are based on the revelations from "Biological Sex". Taking Biological Sex as a reference, the social processes provides standards of male-female behavior and teaches male-female characteristics to the subjects in society. 2.3 Areas of Discussion in Gender Studies The scope of Gender Studies is widespread. Although not exhaustive, the principal areas discussed under Gender Studies can be stated as below:  The place of men and women in our society and related studies.  Comparative analytical study between men and women"s place in society.  Comparative analysis between men and women for rights and privileges in the society.  The subject of Gender role and the processes of Gender Role Socialization.  The power of Gender in society.  The importance of eradicating Gender Specific Bias in society. 2.4 Gender Studies and study of Folklore The close relationship between Gender and Folklore is made evident by numerous milestones that mark the shaping of Folklore taking women as a locus of creation. However, some works also suggest men as a primary and dominant character in society. Thus, Gender Studies cannot be ignored as longer than it is, in the study of Folklore and. These folklores are hence termed as Gender Specific Folklore (Islam 2011: 300). Evidently enough, Gender Perspective is a significant academic domain in the study of society and folklore. 2.5 Scope of Gender Studies of Folklore There are a few important parameters that uphold analytical discussions on Folklore. Religion, region, language, context, age, etc. are some worth a mention. Among these parameters, Gender also finds a significant place. The study of folklore from Gender Perspective can encompass numerous areas among which the principal ones are mentioned below:  The study of the evolution of Folk-culture from Gender Perspective.  The nature and importance of Gender Specific Folklore.  The study of the expressions of Gender Voice in various areas of Folklore.  The study of issues, challenges, deprivations, social barriers etc. faced by women in popular Folklore.  The study of the development of Female uprising against the social barriers in Folklore.  The study of the perception of women towards the established customs and traditions in society, as recorded in Folklore.  Investigations into the views of subjects in society towards the differences between men and women in folklore.  The study on effects rippling from Folklore on the Gender Role and Gender Role Socialization processes.  Study of the various contributions of women to the various areas in Folklore. (ibid : 302-303) The Status of Women in the Assamese Folktale "Mekurir Jiyekar Sadhu" (The Tale of the Cat"s .. DOI: 10.9790/0837-2301084750 www.iosrjournals.org 49 | Page III. THE STATE OF WOMEN IN THE FOLKTALE 'MEKURIR JIYEKAR SADHU' "Burhi Aair Sadhu" is a popular collection of folktales for children written by Lakshminath Bezbaruah. This book comprising of 31 folktales, published in the year 1911, is one of the greatest contributions to the Assamese literature. The content of the tales were meticulously written from the popular tales for children passed among the Assamese folk. A noted folktale among these is "Mekurir Jiyekar Sadhu" or "The Tale of the Cat"s Daughter" (Bezbaruah 2010: 6-9). The rest of the paper presents an analytical take on the state of women, as evident or indicated in the folktale "Mekurir Jiyekar Sadhu" (The Tale of the Cat"s Daughter). 3.1 The Use of Women as a Sexual Being Men and women are to be identified as Human beings rather than creating distinctions and constructing artificial barriers in the various dimensions of socialization. On being identified as human beings alone, the differences-divisions between men and women can be reduced, id not eradicated. However, the male dominant society, as portrayed in existing folklore, considers women as mere Sexual Beings. Drawing from the folktale "Mekurir Jiyekar Sadhu", it is observed that the Merchant never asked about the reason of distress to the cat"s younger daughter nor was any attempt/intention made to rescue the elder daughter who was abducted by the Merman. The obvious indication showed here points to the identity of men and his nature. The nature of men that visualizes women merely as an object of sexuality. The portrayal of the scene stresses on the words "lonely girl by the river shore" and "beautiful lady" and the succeeding scene of the merchant taking away the girl, with the pretext of providing shelter or being noble. The sentence in the original writing— "...ejon mudoi beparoloi aahute okolxoriya rupohi chuwalijoni noir parot bohi thoka dekhi taik nawot loi


Objective To explore the needs and willingness to pay of home care among the older people living in the communities of Shanghai.Methods The phenomenological method of qualitative research was adopted and a semi-structure interview was conducted to 10 older people.The Colaizzi method of empirical phenomenology was adopted for data analysis.Results The community-dwelling elderly were hoping for health care services such as basic nursing,rehabilitation nursing,health education and family bed services,social care services such as housekeeping referral service and mental support.Besides,most of the interviewees were willing to pay for the home care but the overall paying bid was low.They wanted to be charged in form of programs.Conclusion The older people have needs and willing to pay for home care.It is recommend that the country expand the home care service and charge appropriately,so as to promot the rational allocation of health resources and sustainable development of home care.


The elucidation of the complex factors that govern recognition events at the molecular level represents a daunting challenge in our quest to master the art of pre-programmed molecular assemblies. In this context, we present the molecular architectonics of thoughtfully designed amino acid appended functional molecules 1–5. Naphthalenediimide (NDI) and pyrene were employed as functional modules due to their unusual topological shape similarity as well as complementary π-acidic and π-basic character, respectively. In addition, we show that dyads of such unusual functional modules energetically favour alternate assembly in contrast to the predominant self-sorted assembly observed for single-component systems. Moreover, by incorporating minute structural mutations into the amino acid side-chains of 1–5, we successfully tailored their assemblies into well-defined supramolecular architectures, namely supercoiled helices, twisted nanoribbons, nanobelts, comb-edged nanoflakes and nanosheets. A detailed analysis with the aid of experimental and theoretical studies has generated interesting insights into the factors that govern the recognition events at the molecular level.


Early results from a Phase III trial of Androgel, a testosterone replacement gel developed by Unimed Pharmaceuticals, shows that it effectively restores testosterone serum levels without skin irritation. The transdermal delivery has been found to adequately replace the hormone, and is easy to apply. The study did not target AIDS patients, but other studies have shown that testosterone-replacement therapy is effective in regaining muscle mass and improving the physical and mental state of HIV-positive patients. The drug will be sold in doses of 25 mg-dose packages, and clinicians will be able to prescribe two- or four-package doses as appropriate. Europeans have administered androgens in a gel form for over 15 years, but this is the first time such a product will be available in the United States. Unimed plans to submit the drug for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval soon.


There are many different opinions as to the assessment of ERP. Any assessment is objective-oriented: laying down solid foundation for the assessment is only possible when we have clear objective for the practice of ERP. Since ERP is a sophisticated program, the assessment directions of which must be taken into consideration from many aspects, and the establishment of the indexes for the assessment of the system should be systematic,comparable and feasible.


: This article, which presents an interdisciplinary research agenda grounded in a constructivist institutional approach, begins by unpacking relevant terms. It explains the new institutional approach in political science that simultaneously narrows the focus and broadens the scope of political research by encouraging a return to the "political" in political science while also opening political research to a variety of other disciplinary approaches. It then explores the ontological and epistemological assumptions underlying a constructivist approach. Such assumptions are an integral if often unacknowledged part of any research effort, interdisciplinary or not. The main part of the article then offers an interdisciplinary research agenda describing how political science, sociology, and history can provide an integrated constructivist guide to the study of political institutions. The article suggests employing a field of consciousness approach to integrate the work of these three disciplines in order to situate interdisciplinary research on political institutions on the common ground of institutional standard operating procedures.


We read with interest the report by Drs. Silverman and Deschler, ''A Novel Approach for Dilation of Neopharyngeal Stricture Following Total Laryngectomy Using the Tracheoesophageal Puncture Site.'' The authors describe cannulating the oral cavity retrograde with a catheter placed through the tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP site). They then brought a 28-Fr bougie antegrade. The entire process they describe may have been much simpler if they had used an inflatable balloon dilator, such as that made by Boston Scientific. These wire-guided dilators can inflate to discreet cross-sectional diameters. The balloon dilators, though not commonly used by otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons, are in everyday use by our gastroenterology and general surgery colleagues. They have the advantage of applying radial force directly to the stricture site and not having to abrade the mucosa as they are pulled or pushed through. Although slightly different from the case presented, we have regularly used gastrostomy (g)-tube sites for retrograde treatment of high esophageal strictures. (Many of these patients have previously placed g-tubes.) The 7-mm upper gastrointestinal endoscope is passed into the stomach and then the esophagus from below to the level of the stricture, and a wire can then be passed through the stricture into the oral cavity. Fluoroscopy can be used if necessary. Balloon dilators can then be passed from above or below, and bougies of any appropriate size can be passed from above, all over the wire. In our hands this has proved easier than the antegrade approach and can frequently be done under intravenous sedation.


Background : This study aims to identify potential biomarkers with prognostic value in papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) by combining protein interaction networks with gene expression profiles from multiply cohorts.
Methods : Two microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on standardized labeling information. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and functional annotations of DEGs was established and the modules were analyzed by using STRING and Cytoscape. Survival analysis of significant DEGs was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier comprehensive expression score in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to describe binary classifier value of genes using area under the curve (AUC) score. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining of PTTG1 protein was performed, and survival analysis was validated in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) cohort.
Results : A total of 473 DEGs and 38 functionally related hub genes were identified as candidate prognostic biomarkers. Eight genes, including BUB1B , CCNB1 , CCNB2 , MAD2L1 , TTK , CDC20 , PTTG1 and MCM, enrichment with cell cycle process were identified for further analysis. Statistical analysis of TCGA cohort indicates that expression level of the eight genes was higher in PRCC tumor tissues and was negatively correlated with patient's outcome. Significantly elevated PTTG1 expression and its negative correlativity with patient's outcome was validated in FUSCC cohorts.
Conclusions : Expression levels of eight hub genes have strong prognostic value and may help better understand the potential carcinogenesis and develop targeted therapy strategies for PRCC.


The content of bismuth in blood serum, kidneys and brain of rabbits was determined after Ventrisol and its foreign analogue administration. The results indicate the lock of essential differences between Bi (III) content in biological material under the study.


In this paper we explore collisional ionization and time-evolving photoionization in the X-ray-discovered, ionized absorbers in Seyfert galaxies. These absorbers show temporal changes inconsistent with simple equilibrium models. We develop a simple code to follow the temporal evolution of nonequilibrium photoionized gas. As a result several effects appear that are easily observable and that, in fact, may explain otherwise paradoxical behavior. Specifically, we find the following: 1. In many important astrophysical conditions (O VII, O VIII dominant and high [≳1022.5 cm-2] column density) pure collisional and photoionization equilibria can be distinguished with moderate spectral resolution observations, because of a strong absorption structure between 1 and 3 keV. This feature is due mainly to iron L XVII-XIX and neon K IX-X absorption, which is much stronger in collisional models. This absorption structure may be misinterpreted as a flattening of the intrinsic emission spectrum above ~1 keV in low-resolution data. 2. In time-evolving nonequilibrium photoionization models the response of the ionization state of the gas to sudden changes of the ionizing continuum is smoothed and delayed at low gas densities (usually up to 108 cm-3), even when the luminosity increases. The recombination time can be much longer (up to orders of magnitude) than the photoionization timescale. Hence, a photoionized absorber subject to frequent, quick, and consistent changes of ionizing luminosity is likely to be overionized with respect to the equilibrium ionization state. 3. If the changes of the ionizing luminosity are not instantaneous, and the electron density is low enough (the limit depends on the average ionization state of the gas but is usually ~107 to ~108 cm-3), the ionization state of the gas can continue to increase while the source luminosity decreases, so a maximum in the ionization state of a given element may occur during a minimum of the ionizing intensity (the opposite of the prediction of equilibrium models). 4. Different ions of different elements reach their equilibrium configuration on different timescales, so models in which all ions of all elements are in photoionization equilibrium so often fail to describe active galactic nucleus (AGN) spectral evolution. These properties are similar to those seen in several ionized absorbers in AGNs, properties that had hitherto been puzzling. We applied these models to a high signal-to-noise ratio ROSAT PSPC observation of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051. The compressed dynamical range of variation of the ionization parameter U and the ionization delays seen in the ROSAT observations of NGC 4051 may be simply explained by a nonequilibrium photoionization model, giving well-constrained parameters: n=(1.0)×108 cm-3 and R=(0.74)×1016 cm (~3 light-days).


Canonical analysis was used to investigate morphologic divergence in the mandible among six samples of adult, male deer of the genus Odocoileus . Two subspecies of O. hemionus and three subspecies of O. virginianus were represented in the study. Seven dental and seven osteological dimensions of the mandible were measured. Three separate analyses were run: the first included all variables, the second only the osteological variables, and the third only the dental variables. The major component of group divergence (general size variation excepted in the first and second analyses) tended to separate the two species. This separation was significant statistically in the first and third analyses. The samples of O. hemionus appeared to have relatively short diastemas and narrow third molars.

Discriminant classification was done using each of the three different sets of variables mentioned above. A total of 134 specimens was classified. Correct assignment to species varied in the three sets from 89 to 99 per cent. Correct assignment to subspecies within the species varied from 69 to 98 per cent.

These results suggest that under certain conditions metric information from mandibular remains, or from only the mandibular cheektooth row, of past populations might be used effectively to discriminate among closely related taxa.


A new generation data acquisition system for flow cytometers has been constructed. This Digital Data Acquisition and Control (DiDAC) system is based on the VME architecture and uses both the standard VME bus and a private bus for system communication and data transfer. At the front end of the system is a free running 20 MHz ADC. The output of a detector preamp provides the signal for digitization. The digitized waveform is passed to a custom built digital signal processing circuit that extracts the height, width, and integral of the waveform. Calculation of these parameters is started (and stopped) when the waveform exceeds (and falls below) a preset threshold value. The free running ADC is specified to have 10 bit accuracy at 25 MHZ. The authors have characterized it to the results obtained with conventional analog signal processing followed by digitization. Comparisons are made between the two approaches in terms of measurement CV, linearity and in other aspects.


FIX number is a deepwater subbottom profile data and drilling,multi-beam and other geological data comparison flag number.Collected subbottom profile data having no navigation FIX message.Missing FIX number in subbottom profile will affect the data comparison and comprehensive interpretation,thus reducing recognition natural gas hydrate layer,natural gas seepage or diffusion caused sedimentary acoustics abnormal feature precision.The method research of using time message position FIX number in subbottom profile proposed in the paper,according to the navigation data and time information in the subbottom profile to demarcate FIX number.Under the linux system,using awk program language and Echos 1.0processing system to extract header time and navigation time to match processing.Matched FIX message will be write serially,accurate FIX number information and contrastive geographical location can be provided for comprehensive interpretation of the data.


The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) was created to minimise the need for in vivo bioequivalence studies and to enable in vitro dissolution experiments to be used as a proxy for in vivo bioequivalence studies. The biopharmaceutical classification system classifies pharmacological compounds based on their solubility ratio, dissolution, and intestinal permeability. It enables drug products' in vivo pharmacokinetic performance to be predicted. The BCS categorization system's concepts may be used to NDA and ANDA approvals, as well as scale-up and post-approval drug manufacturing adjustments. As a result, pharmaceutical businesses may save a substantial amount of time and money on product development. The drug can be classified into four classes of the BCS namely, high solubility high permeability, low solubility high permeability, high solubility low permeability, low solubility low permeability. The formulation scientist can use BCS knowledge to produce appropriate dose forms based on mechanistic rather than empirical methodologies.


India is one of the well-known country in world, in the area of pharmacy specially food horticulture. India produces nearly 5.00 lacks tones/annum pomegranate. Fruit gradation is one of the most vital parts in fruit horticulture. The project design presented by this paper is from same problematic area. In our project design we developed systems which classify diseases affecting pomegranates using K-means clustering and SVM techniques. We are classifying the different pomegranate variety in accordance with their diseases. This paper deals with pomegranate grading and identification of disease system with judging parameters. The specialty of design is it creates a model which helps to decide appropriate criteria for healthy fruit. This project design is acts as advance system model in Indian horticulture for deciding ranges of mean, variance, entropy values by which the quality of fruit is decided. These parameters are judging parameters of our project design.