All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single-blind All the submitted manuscripts in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering underwent a single blind peer review processes administered by the proceedings editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees related to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP publishing. • Conference submission management system: Conference submission management system was done through EasyChair. • Number of submissions received: A total of 252 manuscripts received from various themes related to the conference. • Number of submissions sent for review: After the manuscripts were received, initial screening were made by the conference editors and a total of 160 submissions were found to be suitable for the review process, which then underwent a single blind peer review process. • Number of submissions accepted: After single blind peer review process by the referees assigned by the conference administrators, 80 manuscripts were accepted for presentation and publication for conference proceedings. • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): Acceptance Rate = (80/252) * 100 = 31.74% • Average number of reviews per paper: Each manuscript accepted for review were assigned two referees for completely reviewing. • Total number of reviewers involved: A total of 40 reviewers were involved from various institutions relating to the conference theme for reviewing the manuscript. • Any additional info on review process: • Contact person for queries: For any queries, the conference organizing committee members listed below can be contacted. 1. Dr.Vaddi Seshagiri Rao, Principal St.Joseph's College of Engineering Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai-119 TamilNadu, India E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 2. Dr.K.M.Kumar, Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering St.Joseph's College of Engineering Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai-119 TamilNadu, India E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The influence of pressure on the itinerant electron metamagnetic (IEM) transition has been investigated for a La(FexSi1−x)13 compound. The critical temperature T0 defined as the disappearance point of the IEM transition decreases with increasing hydrostatic pressure. Since the pressure dependence of T0 is smaller than that of TC, the temperature range for appearance of the IEM transition becomes wider with increasing hydrostatic pressure. These results are consistent with the theoretical model based on the Landau expansion of free energy including the influence of spin fluctuations and the magnetovolume effect. On applying pressure, the critical field Bc for the IEM transition increases proportionally with temperature in low pressures, whereas it exhibits a quadratic temperature dependence with lowering the Curie temperature in high pressures. The change in the temperature dependence of Bc is explained by a change in the thermal growth rate of spin fluctuations.


This paper aims to examine how and why an "old" technology and mode of consumption – vinyl records, which should have become obsolete – has managed not only to survive but also revive in the face of supposedly cheaper and superior digital formats. The authors used constructivist grounded theory (CGT), a methodology rooted in pragmatism. The authors acknowledge the primacy of relational, conversational and social practices as the source of individual and social life, and that all knowledge is local and the product of negotiation between people within a given context and time frame. In terms of data, the authors draw on the extensive use of memos and participatory observation at the oldest vinyl record store in the UK. The authors also draw on interviews with the store owner and workers and in-depth interviews with vinyl enthusiasts. The authors argue that authenticity is not a fixed and static concept but has fluid and porous boundaries that can be experienced by individuals in different situations. The findings center around three experiences of authenticity – staged authenticity, interpersonal authenticity and intrapersonal/existential authenticity. This research is limited to a specific market, typical of old or second-hand vinyl consumption. Future research would benefit from broadening the sample to include new consumers and female enthusiasts of both old and new vinyl. The paper has implications for consumer service and personal selling relationships. Originality lies in theoretically positioning the phenomenon within a conceptual framework of authenticity. In particular, the authors shed light on the role that authenticity plays in the experiences of vinyl music consumption amongst buyers and sellers in a store that has a long established heritage. The authors find that vinyl in the age of digital reproduction retains and maintains a number of qualities that are missing from allegedly superior forms of musical reproduction. The authors further maintain that as it has aged, original vinyl has taken on greater power and meaning, and now that it is out of the realm of mass production/consumption, it has opened up a deeper more authentic interaction between human beings and technology. This deeper interaction goes beyond the immediate experience with the object itself and extends to the sensorial, the social and the personal.


If Allen Dwight Callahan, author of The Talking Book: African Americans and the Bible, is to be believed, African Americans monolithically revere Moses as a "venerable ideal of African American leadership" (98), since he provided oppressed people with the perfect model for setting the captives free. So instrumental was the figure of Moses in the project of emancipating blacks that he has been considered almost as important as Jesus, for as James Cone claims in For My People: Black Theology and the Black Church: "black Christians have always known that the God of Moses and of Jesus did not create them to be slaves or second-class citizens in North America" (8). No doubt Moses figured prominently in nineteenth-century African American literature and culture, as can be seen in traditional spirituals ("Thus saith the Lord, bold Moses said, / Let my people go" ["Go Down, Moses"]), Frances Harper's Moses: A Story of the Nile (Moses brings about the "great deliverance" [l. 153] of the enslaved and the oppressed) and Paul Laurence Dunbar's "An Ante-Bellum Sermon" ("de Lawd will sen' some Moses / Fu' to set his chillun free" [ll. 30-31]). (1) But there was a palpable split in black community's representation of Moses in twentieth-century African American literature, which poses a substantive challenge to Callahan's monolithic interpretation. For instance, in a letter to Carl Van Vechten about what she considered her most important work, Herod the Great, Zora Neale Hurston claims that "Moses forced" his laws on the ancient Hebrews "by terror and death" and that "Moses was responsible for the actual death of at least a half million of the people in his efforts to force his laws upon them" (Zora 529). So ruthless, monomaniacal, and fanatical was Moses that Hurston refers to him as a "dictator" (530), a description that certainly had profound implications in 1945, just after the end of World War II, when Hurston penned the letter. Hurston's remarks about Moses are interesting in themselves, but they are even more significant in relation to the black community's treatment of Moses and Exodus. Let me state my point more directly by challenging Callahan's monolithic interpretation of African Americans and Moses. Callahan claims: "For African Americans, Moses was more than an expert magician or antimagician. He was, first and foremost, a leader of his people. Moses personifies leadership as divine vocation" (93). Based on her 1945 letter, Hurston certainly does not subscribe to the view that Moses was a divinely inspired leader. Indeed by linking Moses with "terror and death" and by calling him a "dictator," Hurston indicates how he can be defined as the perfect enabler of an oppressive and unjust political regime, a position that directly contradicts Callahan's interpretation of black appropriation of the Exodus myth. As I will demonstrate throughout this essay, Hurston was not alone in thinking of the Moses figure as a potentially dangerous and ultimately destructive model of a political leader. In James Baldwin's Go Tell It on the Mountain, Gabriel Grimes's mother has clearly internalized the standard view of the Exodus story in which "the national quest of Israel became an analog for the aspirations and aims of African Americans" (Glaude 54). As Gabriel's sister Florence paraphrases her mother's view, God wants the black community to "hear, and pass thereafter, one to another, the story of the Hebrew children who had been held in bondage in the land of Egypt; and how the Lord had heard their groaning, and how His heart was moved; and how He bid them wait but a little season till He should send deliverance" (70). In Notes of a Native Son, Baldwin explains that "the Negro identifies himself almost wholly with the Jew." In fact, Baldwin writes, "It]he more devout Negro considers that he is a Jew, in bondage to a hard taskmaster and waiting for a Moses to lead him out of Egypt" (55). But in his prefatory comments to this claim, Baldwin offers a psychological rather than a theological explanation for black appropriation of the Exodus myth: "religion operates here as a complete and exquisite fantasy revenge: white people own the earth and commit all manner of abomination and injustice on it; the bad will be punished and the good rewarded, for God is not sleeping, the judgment is not far off" (54). …


Despite widespread antimicrobial resistance, suboptimal antimicrobial use is common, particularly among surgical services. Studies show that antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) effectively improve antimicrobial use and decrease adverse events. However, evidence for optimal ASP intervention in surgical departments is lacking, and some surgical services perceive ASPs negatively. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of several collaborative ASP interventions and workflow changes on the non-acceptance rate (NAR) of ASP recommendations and antimicrobial use among surgical services.

 This was a retrospective, pre-post study of services in the department of surgery at a 681-bed, academic medical center between 12/01/2018 and 5/31/2020. Throughout 10/2019 and 11/2019, the core ASP, which consists of two infectious diseases physicians and two infectious diseases pharmacists, performed several interventions with surgical services. These included meetings with the chairman, vice chairs, and division chiefs of the surgery department, a grand rounds presentation to surgical house staff, and monthly surgeon NAR reporting to the chairman. Also, per feedback from surgeons, the ASP began to communicate recommendations directly to attending surgeons instead of residents or via ASP notes in the medical record. Data for the pre-period was collected from 12/2018 to 9/2019; data for the post-period was collected from 12/2019 to 5/2020. Wilcoxson rank sum, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare outcomes.

 The ASP communicated 353 recommendations to surgical services in the pre-period, and 181 in the post-period. ASP offered most recommendations to trauma (n=244), cardiothoracic (n=60), and plastic surgery (n=54) during the study periods. NAR decreased post-intervention overall (43% vs 29%, p=0.0013) and in trauma surgery (63% vs 47%, p=0.03). Mean monthly days of therapy per 1000 patient days trended towards a decrease post-intervention (1105 vs 1044, p=0.26). Cost per 1000 patient days decreased post-intervention ($27,677.91 vs $19,766.31, p =0.0075).

 A communicative and adaptive approach to ASP in surgical services improved NAR and antimicrobial costs and trended towards a reduction in antimicrobial use.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


Numerous research studies on human activity recognition (HAR) have utilized smartphone sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. The accelerometer, in particular, has been considerably explored as the primary sensor in HAR research. Recently, researchers have integrated different smartphone sensors to enhance recognition interpretation. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to determine the optimal usage of these sensors, either individually or in combination, for better identification effectiveness in various motion situations. In this article, we explore how different motion sensors behave during the activity recognition process, using various deep learning (DL) approaches to classify physical actions based on smartphone sensor data. We evaluate the DL models using a publicly benchmarked dataset of data collected from ten participants performing eight movements while carrying smartphones in different situations. Our experimental results reveal that, except for the magnetometer, each sensor can play a leading role in HAR, depending on the recognized activity, body position, data features employed, and classification approach. Additionally, we find that the combination of sensors only improves overall recognition interpretation when their individual performances are low.


The authors describe the development of a new technique for determining the weights of a Volterra connectionist model (VCM) applied to the classification of stationary time series. This involves assigning a classification index to each class of time series and developing expressions for the state condition probability density functions such that the Bayes risk can be expressed as a function of the weights. The optimal weight values then correspond to the minimum Bayes risk.<<ETX>>


Employee creativity is the generation of new and potentially valuable ideas concerning new products,services,manufacturing methods,and administrative processes.The direct outcomes that employee creativity and team creativity bring are organizational innovation.Based on the early research framework and the cognitive evaluation theory,the paper emphasized that those such as job characteristics,personal characteristics and organizational supportive climate would affect employee's inner creative motivation and creativity.Later on,a general analysis of all factors that can accelerate or inhibit employee creativity was conducted,combining with the perspective of the identification of individual creativity and team creativity,creative self-efficacy model and social network theory.Based on that,an integrative model was built,and future studies were discussed as well.


On his way to Strasbourg to work with Dr. Rene Leriche for a year, DeBakey recorded his activities and impressions as he traveled.
 These included his dislike for New York City, the company and cuisine on board the ship, his delight on seeing his fiancee,
 Diana Cooper, when she met his ship at Le Havre, and the high prices in Paris. He also related a humorous story of being brought
 beer when he inquired about a bath at his Paris hotel. The final entries are about his first days at Leriche's clinic,
 and include detailed information about Strasbourg and Leriche that DeBakey used several years later in an article titled "The
 Clinic of Professor Rene Leriche."


When pop icon Taylor Swift objected to Apple's decision not to pay her royalties during the first three months of the tech giant's new music streaming service (it reversed that decision within a day), it was the latest example of Apple attracting terrible publicity because of its high profile in the marketplace. "Apple is in many ways the victim of its own success," says Brad Hecht, vice president and chief research officer at The Reputation Institute (RI), a reputation management consulting firm that puts out annual lists of what it calls the "most reputable" companies in the U.S. and most reputable countries around the world. Now RI, based in New York and Copenhagen, has released a list of the 25 tech companies with the best reputations. See our slideshow above for the top 10 and the list at the end of this post for the top 25.


Cancer is characterized by abnormal cell differentiation in or on the part of the body. The most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs are developed to target rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, but they also damage healthy epithelial cells. This has serious consequences for normal cells and become responsible for the development of various disorders. Several strategies for delivering the cytotoxic drugs to cancerous sites that limit systemic toxicity and other adverse effects have recently been evolved. Among them, biomolecule-conjugated metal complexes-based cancer targeting strategies have shown tremendous advantages in cancer therapy. This review focuses on several chemoselective biomolecules-bound metal complexes as prospective cancer therapy-targeted agents. In this review, we presented the details of the various extra- and intracellular targeting mechanisms in cancer therapy. We also addressed the current clinical issues and recent therapeutic strategies in targeted cancer therapy that may pave a way for the future direction of metal complexes-based targeted cancer therapy.


It is generally accepted that the presence of poorly controlled diabetes very likely contributes to the incidence and severity of infections.A 45-year-old male was referred to our hospital with a temporal-occipital abscess and a defect of the temporal skin. He has been suffering from DM for 6 years, and insulin treatment was tried as a control for it.The inflammation probably originated from acute pericoronitis of the left lower third molar, and it extended to the pterygomandibular space, pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa. The patient was admitted for probable surgical incision and drainage, systemic antibiotic treatment and the control of DM.If increasing findings of infection are present in a diabetic patient, it is important to strive for normal blood sugar level in addition to the usual treatment with appropriate antibiotics and adequate drainage.


An all sky camera concept for the detection and localization of gamma ray bursts from a single spacecraft in near‐Earth orbit is described. The system is a refinement of one previously described and consists of three units each containing a position sensitive detector plus a coded aperture and an imaging modulation collimator. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the instrument will provide positions based upon measurements in the 20‐100 keV band that are precise to 10 seconds of arc or better for bursts as strong as the Apollo 16 event. Such precision is expected for about six bursts per year, while more than thirty per year will be detected with a location precision of a few arc minutes. The addition of an uncollimated fourth detector identical to the other three will add a high throughput (375 cm3 net effective area) moderately high resolution (4% FWHM) spectroscopy capability for the energy range 35‐100 keV where cyclotron features are expected to be most prominent. We also describe a more sensitive ...


The shape memory behavior of polymers derives from a combination of their molecular architecture and thermomechanical history. In this study, several epoxies with various network architectures were prepared using mixtures of a diepoxide resin, a monoepoxide resin, and an aliphatic diamine hardener. A nonconventional cold-working programming, carried out below Tg, was employed to set the materials in a temporary configuration and allowed to fix considerable amounts of the applied strain. The shape memory behavior was evaluated through transient heating and isothermal recovery tests. All the resins are capable of complete recovery, which occurs as a sequence of an early process taking place below Tg and a major one close to Tg, which acted as the switching temperature (Tswitch). The proximity of the deformation temperature to Tg influenced the amount of strain recovered within each process. It was shown that resins with different structures, although presenting similar Tswitch, may have different recovery kinetics, and the roles of the network density and the chain stiffness on the recovery rate were evidenced.


The transmission properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals constituted by a periodic repetition of positive-index layers and epsilon-negative layers are studied theoretically. This structure shows some interesting properties including a wide gap in the low frequency range for small period number and a comb-like transmission band in the gap. The properties of the comb-like transmission band are sensitive to the period number of the structure. In contrast to the zero-ngap and the zero- φeff gap, the transmission properties are dependent on the structure parameters. A general method to decide the position of gap and transmission band in this kind of structure is also presented.


As North Korea's latest rocket-missile launch approaches, there is speculation whether Beijing can halt Pyongyang's missile ambitions. In my view, Beijing will turn a blind eye towards North Korea's latest provocation, while simultaneously calling for restraint by all parties. Recently, the China-North Korea "blood alliance," a concept of allies that originated during the Korean War, has been renewed, and it is in China's interests that North Korea consolidates its "absolute deterrence" capability to deter US forces in the region.


Many variables have an impact on the share's market price such as Government policies, firm's financial performance etc. This paper attempted to find out relationship between dividend pay-out and market price of the share. Financial manager must take three major decisions i.e. Financing decisions, Investment decisions and Dividend decisions. The third vital decision of a company is the volume of cash to be given to shareholders. Dividend policy includes the part of earnings given to shareholders in cash as dividends. This paper takes into consideration the automobile sector companies listed in NIFTY 50 for 10 years i.e. 2009 to 2018. It attempts to find out whether dividend decisions of the company affect its market price. Generally speaking shareholders expect a return from the company. After the analysis, the study concluded that there exists a robust relationship between dividend pay-out ratio and market value of certain companies and some companies had negative relationship.


Urea transporters (UT) are a family of membrane channel proteins that are specifically permeable to urea. They play an important role in intrarenal urea recycling and in urinary concentrating mechanism. Using an erythrocyte osmotic lysis assay, we screened a small molecule library for inhibitors of UT‐facilitated urea transport. A novel class of UT‐B inhibitors were identified, named as thienoquinolin,one of which, PU‐14, had potent inhibition activity on human, rabbit, rat and mouse UT‐B. IC50 of PU‐14 on rat UT‐B mediated urea transport was about 0.8 μM. PU‐14 did not affect urea transport in mouse erythrocytes lacking UT‐B. PU‐14 also inhibited UT‐A‐type urea transporters, with 36 % inhibition at 4 μM. PU‐14 showed no significant cellular toxicity at concentrations up to its solubility limit of 80 μM. Subcutaneous delivery of PU‐14 (at 12.5, 50 and 100 mg/kg) to rats caused an increase of urine output and a decrease of the urine urea concentration and osmolalities without electrolyte disturbances and liver and renal damages, which suggests that PU‐14 has a diuretic effect by urea‐selective diuresis. These results indicate that PU‐14 or its analogues might be developed as a new diuretic to increase renal fluid clearance in diseases associated with water retention without causing electrolyte imbalance, as well as a tool drug to establish 'chemical knockout□ animal models to study the physiological functions of UTs.


Aging and degenerative diseases such as cancer, cataracts, decreased immune system, and brain dysfunction occur due to cell damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules or atoms. Antioxidants are substances that can protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Plants are a source of natural antioxidants, one of the plants that have antioxidant activity, namely rose guas'a leaf (Syzygium Jambos Alston ). Rose guava leaf are plants that have antioxidant activ'ity and can be used as an alternative in medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of rose guas'a leaf using the free radical scavenging method with DPPH. The water extract of rose guav'a leaf was made with a concentration series of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm, dissolved with methanol and DPPH, then the absorbance was measured using a UV -vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 515.5 nm. The water extract of guava lea›'es has an 1C‹ value of 88.814 ppm. The conclusion of t his study is that the antioxidant actis'ity of rose guava leaf water extract has antioxidant activity and is in the strong category.


A series of spinels having thegeneral formula CuCr2-xFexO4 with x=0.25,0.75, 1.25, 1.75 were prepared by co-precipitation method. The catalysts werecharacterized by various physico-chemical methods like XRD, BET, UV-DRS, SEM,EDX, TPD etc. The reaction of aniline with methanol was studied in a fixed-bedreactor system as a potential source for the production of various methylanilines. It was observed that systems possessing low 'x' values are highlyselective and active for N-monoalkylation of aniline leading toN-methylaniline. Reaction parameters were properly varied to optimize thereaction conditions for obtaining N-methylaniline selectively and in betteryield. Among the systems CuCr1.75Fe0.25O4 isremarkable due to its very high activity and excellent stability. Under theoptimized conditions N-methylaniline selectivity exceeded 91%. CuCr1.25Fe0.75O4gives better conversion than CuCr1.75Fe0.25O4in CuCr2-xFexO4 series. The Lewis acid sitesof the catalysts are mainly responsible for the good catalytic performance. © 2014 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved Submitted: 18th July 2013; Revised: 5th November 2013; Accepted: 1st December 2013 [ How to Cite : George, R., George, K., Sugunan, S. (2014). Activity of Aniline Methylation over Fe-Cu-Cr Ternary Spinel Systems. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis , 9 (1): 39-44. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.9.1.5169.39-44)] [ Permalink/DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.9.1.5169.39-44 ]


This is the concluding portion of an article, the first half of which appeared in the Journal for June, 1962, and consisting of a collection of passages by various authors describing New Jersey scenery.  In this part there are passages about The Raritan River Valley, The Highlands of Navesink, Sandy Hook, Manasquan, Barnegat, The Pine Barrens, Timber Creek, Great Egg Harbor, and Cape May County.


The extensive collection of marine shells obtained by Herbert Lang and Rudyerd Boulton, Jr., in April, 1925, at Lobito Bay, Angola, contains a fine large species of Thais that apparently has not been described. Recently E. Fischer-Piette, in his published presidential address before a meeting of the Zoological Society of France,2 stated that there are still many areas on the west African coast that have been explored but little, and that from recent collections made in this area there are many large species that have proved to be new.


Objective:To explore the effect of Xin-ke-shu-pian to the blood rheology of the type II diabetic patients.Methods:120 type II diabetic patients from Beijing west city district and community service were enrolled in this research.They were divided into two groups:treatment group and control group.On the basic treatments of control blood glucose and depressurizes blood pressure and lower blood fat,the treatment group take Xin-ke-shu-pian and the control group use placebo.Then observe the blood rheology(Whole blood viscosity 1,Whole blood viscosity 5,Whole blood viscosity 30,Whole blood viscosity 200,whole blood viscosity reduction of middle cutting,The whole blood viscosity reduction of high cutting,Erythrocyte deformation index,Red cell electrophoretic index,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and erythrocyte sedimentation rate equation K) blood glucose and HbA1 before and after the treatment of Xin-ke-shu-pian.Results:①In treatment group,the whole blood rheology was improved significantly after Xin-ke-shu-pian treatment(P0.05).②After eight weeks' treatment of Xin-ke-shu-pian,the blood rheology(whole blood viscosity reduction of middle cutting,erythrocyte sedimentation rate) of treatment group was improved significantly compared with control group(P0.05).Conclusion:Xin-ke-shu-pian can improve the blood rheology of type II diabetic patients;as a result it can protect and reduce the complication of diabetes and will increase the quality of their life.


In present investigation, we studied the elastic, ultrasonic and thermal properties of SnAs, InTe and PbSb. The Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential model was utilized to compute the second and third order elastic constants up to second nearest neighbor. The direction dependent ultrasonic velocities for longitudinal and shear waves, Debye average velocity and mechanical constants such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, tetragonal modulus, Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, Pugh's indicator (shear modulus to bulk modulus ratio) and Zener anisotropy ratio were obtained with the use of the second order elastic constants and the density of the chosen materials. Since the Pugh's indicator is greater than 0.59 for all chosen materials, they have a brittle nature. Further the second and third order elastic constants with other associated acoustical parameters were used to compute the Debye temperature, thermal relaxation time, acoustic coupling constant and ultrasonic attenuation. The total ultrasonic attenuation is the smallest in the case of InTe along the <100> direction and highest for SnAs along the <111> direction. Thermo-elastic loss is insignificant in comparison to the loss due to the phonon-phonon interaction mechanism. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of these materials was found using Cahill's approach. The results of this investigation are discussed with the available findings and for other rock salt structured materials.


The characteristics of two matrix switches designed for high capacity satellite communications systems are described. The switches provide routing between 20 input and 20 output ports at an IF frequency during TDMA operations. Switching speeds of 10 nsec are projected for dual gate GaAs FETs. The two designs differed in the coupling configurations, bandwidth (2.69-1.2 GHz), off-state isolation (-54 to -40 dB), switching speeds (16-37 nsec), and gain ripple (5.3-2.2 dB). Both designs achieved a 2 nsec reconfiguration rate. Further development is required to reduce the ripple effects and attain the potential 2 nsec switching speed offered by the GaAs FETs.


The localization of carriers has a profound effect on the optical and electrical properties of solid state materials. It has been known for a long time that anomalous luminescence behavior is associated with the localization of carriers involved in the luminescence processes. Here we introduce a newly developed model for luminescence from localized-state ensembles. The theory is based on a new distribution function obtained by solving a rate equation. With this model we can not only quantitatively interpret anomalies observed in the temperature dependence of the localized-state luminescence but also clearly reveal the physical mechanisms behind them. Applications of the model in the quantitative analysis of the luminescence spectra in some typical materials are presented.


This Information Note introduces connectivity and ecological networks within the context of landscape planning, design and management and should assist discussions members typically hold with professional ecologists.


The relationship between the stock markets of developed countries and developing countries has been examined extensively in literature. However, stock markets of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries have received little attention separately despite the rapid growth and liberalization among these countries. So, the present study examines the relationship and co-integration of stock prices of BRIC countries' stock markets. To investigate the relationships, the researcher examined the stock indices of BRIC countries and employed the daily closing price data (all converted in to Indian Rupees) in two different phases. The first phase was from April 2002 to March 2007 (Pre-crisis period); the second phase was from April 2007 to March 2012 (Crisis Period). However, the crisis period was actually till 2010, but to have an equal observation, the study used five years' data. Stock price linkages were examined through Correlation analysis and the Engel Granger co-integration test was also used to study the long term equilibrium relationships. The results revealed that the Indian market has a strong positive correlation with Brazil and Russia, and further, India has a long term equilibrium relationship with China and Russia, which means that Investors have no diversification opportunity in these countries. Furthermore, the Indian market had no long term equilibrium relationship with Brazil, so the Indian investors have an opportunity to earn more in the Brazilian stock market.


This study provides an analysis of the situation of Albanian companies in dealing with implementing innovative strategies and the internal work environment in relation to innovation support. Intrapreneurship has recently been introduced into economics and business strategies which is why this study is being conducted to evaluate how prepared are employees in Albanian companies to apply innovative ideas to improve the life of companies. The main aim is to investigate how active Albanian companies are with innovation and intrapreneurship aspects. This research paper analyses five different aspects that cover both intrapreneurship and innovation in companies in Albania, including top management support, work discretion/ autonomy, rewards/reinforcement, time availability, and organizational boundaries.


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as an important national and worldwide public health problem because of its consequences on quality of life and high prevalence, existing in up to one-tenth of the adults in developed countries and 13% of the general population [1,2]. Currently used diagnostic and staging tools are mostly based on non-invasive analysis of serum creatinine and/ or urinary albumin and estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). These biomarkers although widely accepted, frequently fail to identify patients at higher risk of progression or death [3,4]. They are also not reliable parameters for early diagnosis, as rising of serum creatinine levels above normal is only evident after substantial loss of renal function and its level may be affected by additional factors, such as the loss of muscle mass [5]. On the other hand, urinary albumin levels are highly variable and lack of specificity, as patients with reduced eGFR can have normal urinary albumin levels [6,7]. Still, albuminuria has been suggested to be a better predictor of accelerated loss in renal function than eGFR [8]. This is also the case in patients with diabetes mellitus, where microalbuminuria is considered as a risk for development diabetic nephropathy (DN) [9]. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to predict which diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria will develop microalbuminuria and even more, to identify those in whom GFR will decline without ever developing overt albuminuria [3]. According to KDIGO guidelines, all individuals with an estimated GFR <60 mL/min/1.73m 2


The authors examine economic expansion within a Heckscher-Ohlin model with two factors and two goods under equilibrium unemployment. The labor supply function is obtained from an optimization process wherein consumers choose between real income and leisure. Technological change is exogenous, but can be influenced by government tax incentives. Within this model, programs that stimulate technological change in capital intensive industries may reduce employment. Alternatively, technological change in labor intensive industries may increase labor force participation through reducing equilibrium unemployment.


Overview This chapter contains an outline of the different air shower detection methods, many of which are discussed in detail in dedicated chapters later on. Detection techniques that had been explored only briefly in the past or are presently in an exploratory phase, such as radar ranging and acoustic detection, respectively, are not treated in separate chapters but are discussed extensively here. Directly and indirectly accessible shower parameters are introduced and briefly described, followed by the elementary concepts of shower reconstruction and a brief overview of the response of common particle detectors to shower particles, including transition effects. Indirectly accessible parameters are discussed in Chap. 10.


A buoy system bi-directionally communicates in-air and underwater. A buoy having a shell to float on water has an upper portion in air and a lower portion in water. An array of acoustic transducers which is disposed in the lower portion receives acoustic signals and transmits acoustic signals. A dome-shaped retro-reflective coating on the upper portion is vibrated for retro-reflecting impinging laser illumination as data signals in air. An array of photo-detectors on the upper portion are responsive to impinging laser control signals and/or signals which may be transmitted as acoustic signals in water.


Allergic reactions to food are an important clinical problem, both because of their frequency during early life, and because at any age they may be the occult cause of chronic debilitating disease or be potentially lethal. Diagnosis is sometimes obvious, but can be difficult and time consuming. Approaches to the diagnosis of food hypersensitivity will be affected by the patient's age, the pattern of putative food-allergic disease, and differences in the frequency of different sensitivities related to local dietary habits (Fig. 1).


Objective: To evaluate the effects of the micro-thread designs on implant neck by analyzing the stress and strain distributions between the implant and bones. Method: The solid models of human mandible as well as two dental implants with or without micro-threaded neck designs were constructed from the CT databases with computer-aided design software. To mimic the occlusal force, a 45 oblique force of 120 N was applied on top of the crown. Two circumstances were evaluated in this study. For the simulations of immediate loading after implant placement, non-linear surface-to-surface contact(coefficient μ was set at 0.3) were adopted in the implant-bone interfaces. To simulate loading of osseointegrated implants, a bonded condition was set at the implant-bone interfaces. Stresses and strains around the cortical bone-implant interfaces were calculated by ANSYS software. Results: Under the immediate loading, the stress distribution pattern was more even around the implant with smooth neck than the threaded neck in cortical bone. The peak value(threaded neck) of the stress and the strain were 28.654 MPa and 0.01334 mm, respectively. Whereas, the implant with threaded neck showed a Von-Mises stress with a peak value of 52.630 MPa and a strain with maximum value of 0.015864 mm. After osseointegra-tion, the Von Mises stress and strain between cortical bone and implant with smooth neck showed a peak value of 36.975 MPa and 0.010272 mm, respectively; whereas, the implant with threaded neck showed a Von-Mises stress with a peak value of 38.091MPa, which was 1.118 MPa smaller than that of smooth neck in cortical bone. A strain with maximum value of 0.010286 mm was observed around the threaded implant neck. Conclusion: In the early healing stage, the implant with micro-threaded neck design appeared to exhibit a stress concentration round the crestal region under the immediate occlusal load, which might have a negative effect on the surrounding bone tissue. After ossteointegration of implant, the micro-threaded characteristics in implant neck area could reduce the stress and strain concentration of the cortical bone-implant interfaces under occlusal load and improve the long-term stability of the osseointegrated implants


Building the style of study is an important basic construction of agricultural highvocational colleges, which plays an important role for success of the students and improving the standard for running a school. Although building the style of study has already drawn great attention in agricultural high-vocational colleges, the existing problems is outstanding and varied broady. The reasons produced lie in many aspects too. It is necessary to further investigate the current situation of the style of study and probe into the reasons produced, which is significant to make the construction measures of strengthening the style of study in agricultural high-vocational colleges.


Results are presented on an IUE UV survey of 255 late-type G, K, and M stars, complementing the Maggio et al. (1990) Einstein X-ray survey of 380 late-type stars. The large data sample of X-ray and UV detections make it possible to examine the activity relationship between the X-ray and the UV emissions. The results confirm previous finding of a trend involving a steeply-dropping upper envelope of the transition region line fluxes, f(line)/f(V), as the dividing line is approached. This suggests that a sharp decrease in maximum activity accompanies the advancing spectral type, with the dividing line corresponding to this steep gradient region. The results confirm the rotation-activity connection for stars in this region of the H-R diagram. 67 refs.


Tolerance of starvation from the first instar to adult,and food intake and feeding rates at different times after starvation from the third instar to adult,of Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen),was studied in a laboratory.The results indicate that starvation tolerance gradually increased with each instar with an average duration of resistance to starvation of 46-116 h.Within the same instar,food intake and feeding rate were higher than normal after 12 h of starvation,no different to normal after 24 h of starvation and obviously less than normal after 36 or 48 h of starvation.Appetite and feeding rate were inversely related to the degree of hunger.


How important is working with people who complement one's skills? Using administrative data that record which of 491 educational tracks each worker in Sweden absolved, I quantify the educational fit among coworkers along two dimensions: coworker match and coworker substitutability. Complementary coworkers raise wages with a comparable factor as does a college degree, whereas working with close substitutes is associated with wage penalties. Moreover, this coworker fit does not only account for large portions of the urban and large-plant wage premiums, but the returns to own schooling and the urban wage premium are almost completely contingent on finding complementary coworkers.


After the Higgs discovery, more data was required not only to check the consistency with the Standard Model (SM) but also
to search for possible new physics. At the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the LHC will reach a peak instantaneous luminosity of
$ 7.5\times 10^{34}~{\rm cm}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$ in the middle of 2026. This upgrade will lead us to data corresponding an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb$^{-1}$
which is around 10 times larger than data by the end of Run 3.
Tackling this data deluge at the HL-LHC requires significant upgrades in ATLAS and CMS detectors.
In this proceedings, with the upgraded detectors, we discuss some prospects on the SM and Higgs physics at the HL-LHC.


The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of loneliness, self-esteem, disclosure of sexual orientation, and other personal characteristics on sexual compulsivity. Using data from 305 gay and bisexual men, results indicated not coming out to one's mother was significantly associated with higher sexual compulsivity scores. Self-esteem was significantly associated with current HIV serostatus and date of last HIV test. Stepwise regression analyses suggest loneliness, self-esteem, and non-disclosure of sexual orientation to one's mother have the capacity to predict sexual compulsivity among gay and bisexual men. Based on these results, counseling and sexual health practice implications are presented.


South Africa was written into the Guinness Book of Records at the recent Agri Mega Week when a local bull was measured and declared the world's smallest bull. The comments of onlookers were interesting. Most of them looked at the event in the same way they looked at the miniature horse show that was held at the same expo. It was "interesting" and "cute".


1 What is a comparative construction? The first issue we need to deal with is the definition of a 'comparative construction'. Here is Stassen's (1985, p. 24) definition: (1) A construction in natural language counts as a comparative construction if that construction has the semantic function of assigning a graded (i.e. non-identical) position on a predicative scale to two (possibly complex) objects. This is a good starting point, but even if we just focus on English for the moment, it classifies all of (2a-d) as comparatives. (2) a. Kim is taller than Lee. b. Kim's height exceeds Lee's height. c. {Compared to, With respect to} Lee, Kim is tall. d. Comparatively, Kim is tall and Lee is not/is short. These sentences all satisfy the definition in (1), but are they all 'comparative construc-tions' ? There are some important empirical differences between them: 1. In examples involving 'absolute' gradable adjectives (Kennedy and McNally 2005; cf. Rotstein and Winter's (2004) 'total/partial' adjectives), only (3a-b) can be used to express felicitous comparisons independently of whether the truth conditions for the positive form are satisfied: (3) context: Two wet dogs, one of which is wetter than the other. a. Fido is wetter than Rover. b. Fido's wetness exceeds Rover's wetness. c. ??{Compared to, With respect to} Rover, Fido is wet. d. ??{Comparatively, With respect to Fido and Rover}, Fido is wet and Rover is not/is dry. (4) context: Two wet towels, one of which is drier than the other. a. This towel is dryer than that one. b. ?The dryness of this towel exceeds the dryness of that one. c. ??{Compared to, with respect to} that towel, this one is dry. d. ??Comparatively, this one is dry and that one is not/is wet. 2. Only (5a-b) are felicitious in contexts involving 'crisp judgments': (5) context: Two essays, one of which is a few words longer than the other. a. This essay is longer than that one. b. The length of this essay exceeds the length of that one. c. ??{Compared to, With respect to} that essay, this one is long. d. ??Comparatively, this essay is long and that one is not.


A low cost personal computer and image processing S/W were empolyed to derive Digtal Elevation Model(DEM) of tidal flat from multitemporal LANDSAT TM images, and to create three-dimensional(3D) perspective views of the tidel flat on Komso bay in west coasts of Korea. The method for generation of Digital Elevation Model(DEM) in tidal flat was considered by overlapping techniques of multitemporal LANDSAT TM images and interpolations. The boundary maps of tidal flat extracted from multitemporal images with different water high were digitally combined in x, y, z space with tide in formation and used as an inputcontour data to obtain an elevation model by interpolation using spline function. Elevation errors of less than 0.1m were achived using overlapping techniques and a spline interpolation approach, respectively. The derived DEM allows for the generation of a perspective grid and drape on the satellite image values to create a realistic terrain visualization model so that the tidal flat may be viewed from and desired direction. As the result of this study, we obtained elevation model of tidal flats which contribute to characterize of topography and monitoring of morphological evolution of tidal flats. Moreover, the modal generated here can be used for simulation of innudation according to tide and support other studies as a supplementary data set.


The dominance of the Muslim community in East Java and the existence of a patriarchal culture affect voter behavior, making it difficult for women to become governors. This study aims to reveal the success factors of women, namely Khofifah Indah Parawansa, to become Governor in East Java from the aspect of his modalities based on Piere Boerdiau's perspective. This research uses a type of qualitative research with narrative analysis. This research shows that Khofiah's victory is inseparable from the ability to maximize all types of modalities owned, namely social capital, cultural capital, and symbolic capital. All types of modalities were then packaged very well by the political public relations of Khofifah's winning team so as to win a lot of public sympathies and greatly contribute to Khofiah's victory.


Miniaturized power dividers with high-selectivity bandpass behavior are presented and analyzed theoretically in this paper. Based on the coupled-resonator topology, the circuit area of the proposed power divider can be reduced as the size of the assembled resonators shrinks. Therefore, in order to effectively reduce the circuit area and improve the stopband performance, the net-type resonator is selected to design the filtering power dividers. For demonstration, power dividers with Chebyshev- and quasi-elliptic bandpass responses have been designed and fabricated with microstrip in printed circuit boards. The highly symmetric structure of each power divider provides a low in-band magnitude and phase imbalances. Consequently, the proposed filtering power dividers have advantages of small size, sharp skirt selectivity, high isolation, and superior out-of-band performance. All measured results are in good agreement with the full-wave simulation results.


Objective To observe the efficacy and tolerability of a daily alendronate in improving bone mineral density(BMD) and bone turnover markers in Chinese osteoporotic women.Methods 274 Chinese osteoporotic women,49~82 years old with more than 3 years of menopause history were included.10mg Alendronate and 500mg calcium were prescribed daily.The bone mineral density(BMD,by Lunar DPX-L,Norland XR-36 or Hologic QDR-2000),urine NTX/Cr(by Elisa,kit of Osteomark,USA),serum calcium,phosphate and alkaline phosphatase levels(by autonomic analysis) were measured to evaluate the efficacy.The side effects,liver and kid-ney function(by autonomic analysis) were observed to assess the tolerability.Results BMD at Lumbar 2-4,Neck,Wards and Trochanter sites were significantly increased by 4.1%,2.5%,3.3% and 2.4% respectively(P0.001).Urine NTX/Cr and alkaline phosphatase levels decreased by 31.6% and 26.7%(P0.001 vs baseline).It indicated that Alendronate effectively inhibited bone turnover.Body height of patients had no change.Except one case with foot phalange fracture caused by a trauma,no new fracture occurred during treatment.Blood and urine routine test,liver and kidney function were all in normal ranges.Mild upper gastrointestinal side effects were found in 4.4% cases possibly related to Alendronate.Conclusion Alendronate was effective and well tolerated in Chinese postmenopausal osteoporotic women.


I reported a case at the last meeting of this society about which there was some difference of opinion, especially as regards the evidence of iodoform poisoning. For the benefit of those who were not present at that time I will briefly detail the history. The patient was a woman forty years of age, married, re ferred to me by Dr. Baker with the history of pelvic trouble which the doctors did not believe was the result of an abor tion, although the patient claimed to have had such. Her husband had had gonorrhea two months before I saw her at the request of Dr. Baker, two weeks before the operation. At that time by vaginal examination I made out an enlarged uterus which was fixed on the right side. Her temperature at my first visit was slightly over 100° F. and between my first visit and the time of the operation two weeks later the temperature ranged from 99° and a fraction to 101° F. As already stated her husband had gonorrhea two months prior to the operation, having had frequent sexual intercourse with the woman during that time, and her trouble seemed to have dated from this gonorrheal infection. Diagnosis was made of small fibroid of the uterus, with some suppurative condition in the tubes or ovaries. Operation was advised and carried ■out at my infirmary. She was brought to the infirmary four


The nervous system is implicated in pathology of both cranial and extracranial cancers. In glioblastoma, direct excitatory glutamatergic synapses between neurons and cancer cells were discovered. Importantly, these neuron-cancer contacts drive glioblastoma proliferation and invasion. However, such synapses have not yet been documented in other types of brain cancer. In the context of brain metastases, indirect, peri-synaptic contacts between breast cancer cells and neurons were observed, which promote brain metastatic growth through glutamatergic signaling via NMDA receptors on the neoplastic cells. Recently, two studies have demonstrated that neuronal activity supports the growth of both the primary tumor and brain metastases from neuroendocrine carcinoma small cell lung cancer. In the work presented here, we demonstrate direct neuron-cancer synapses in early-stage brain metastases originating from breast cancer and melanoma. These synapses exhibited the typical structural features observed in synaptic connections and induced postsynaptic currents in the cancer cells through the activation of AMPA subtype glutamate receptors. Importantly, genetic and pharmacological perturbation of these receptors reduces the number of brain metastases and the overall metastatic burden in preclinical models of breast cancer and melanoma. These results uncover a previously unknown form of direct communication between neurons and brain-metastatic breast cancer and melanoma tumor cells. This neuronal-tumor synaptic interaction demonstrates the significance of the neuronal microenvironment in the early stages of the brain metastatic cascade. Furthermore, it unveils a potential therapeutic vulnerability associated with the neuronal microenvironment, suggesting that targeting the synaptic communication between neurons and cancer cells could be a promising strategy to impede the progression of brain metastases.


Saussurea baoxingensis Y. S. Chen (Compositae, Cardueae), a new species of snow lotus from the Sichuan province, China is described and illustrated. It belongs to subgenus Amphilaena and is allied to S. muliensis. Morphological characteristics that distinguish the new species from S. muliensis are presented and discussed.


We investigate competition between one- and two-dimensional topological excitations—phase slips and vortices—in the formation of resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors in a wide temperature range below the mean-field transition temperature TC0. The widths w = 100 nm of our ultrathin NbN samples are substantially larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length = 4 nm, and the fluctuation resistivity above TC0 has a two-dimensional character. However, our data show that the resistivity below TC0 is produced by one-dimensional excitations—thermally activated phase slip strips PSSs overlapping the sample cross section. We also determine the scaling phase diagram, which shows that even in wider samples the PSS contribution dominates over vortices in a substantial region of current and/or temperature variations. Measuring the resistivity within 7 orders of magnitude, we find that the quantum phase slips can only be essential below this level.


Depristo questions the appropriateness of comparing average scores of U.S. and non-U.S. students on standardized tests. Comparisons of overall scores, although not always the best metrics for what students know, can be useful indicators when attempting to understand how differences in policies, practices, resources, and attitudes lead to different outcomes ([ 1 ][1]).

There may indeed be adequate numbers of top-performing students who can, if they choose, contribute to the eventual base of scientists and engineers that the United States will need over the coming decades. But that misses the point. Our success will depend not only on the number of students who scored at the 90th percentile but also on the performance of the rest of the students. More than ever, all of tomorrow's workers and citizens will need familiarity and comfort with science and technology, and the bottom 10% of U.S. performers on the Trends in International Math and Science Study are among the worst performers overall on the assessment ([ 2 ][2]). They will be left behind in the world of the future.

Our call for addressing the needs of all students recognized that averages can mask the diversity in performance and circumstances. The story in the averages and in the percentiles is, however, instructive. The longer students are in school, the less competitive their scores become. Even the top performers lose ground. Other countries are focusing on raising the level of student achievement for both the top and lowest performers. Shouldn't we be concerned that the overall U.S. student population is lagging far behind?

We agree with Oppenheimer's point that we need to pay teachers better in order to bring the best and brightest into education. Sadly, that may be politically and, currently, economically unfeasible. Regarding bringing scientists into the classroom, many U.S. agencies (such as NSF and NASA) now require that scientists demonstrate "broader impacts" as a part of their research grants; helping pre-college education to address science standards would surely meet those requirements.

1. [↵][3] 1. S. Baldi, 2. Y. Jin, 3. M. Skemer, 4. P. J. Green, 5. D. Herget
 , "Highlights from PISA 2006: Performance of U.S. 15-year-old students in science and mathematics literacy in an international context" (NCES 2008-016, National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC, 2007); .

2. [↵][4] 1. P. Gonzales 2. et al
 ., "Highlights from TIMSS 2007: Mathematics and science achievement of U.S. fourth- and eighth-grade students in an international context" (NCES 2009-001 revised, National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC, 2008); .

 [1]: #ref-1
 [2]: #ref-2
 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text"
 [4]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text"


The invention is a continuous process for preparing a cos metic ordermatological preparation, comprising emulsifying at least two pre-products in at least one mixing apparatus, cooling the emulsion to less than 40°C. by adding an aqueous phase with a lower temperature than the mixture, adding at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of perfume oil and temperature-sensitive active ingredients, and homogenizing the emulsion in at least one homogenizing apparatus at a temperature of from 20 to 50° C. The invention also includes a product made by Such process.


Our closing reflection on the collection of articles in this issue argues that the modernist bourgeois figure of the autonomous individual, founded from the first on a Promethean fiction, has long hidden the sorts of dependencies, interdependencies, and intradependencies intrinsic to social life everywhere. This is all the more so in the twenty-first century, under conditions in which the relations between capital and labor, patterns of sociality and social reproduction, and Euromodernity itself are undergoing wide-ranging changes, changes that are deepening the tensile coexistence of human autonomy and entanglement.


Dr J. Kinnear showed?a case of cyclops and other deformities. The " monster" showed the fused eyes with double cornea, iris, and lens. There was a rudimentary nose, double meningocele and marked deformity of the trunk. There was much shortening and lordosis of the spine. The skiagram taken by Dr Pirie showed this, and also the apparent absence of lumbar vertebrae. The neck was represented by a groove separating the chin from the chest. This was the mother's sixth pregnancy, the fifth having also been a " monster." Her Wassermann reaction was negative.


The harmonic retrieval problem considered concerns the estimation of the frequencies in a sum of complex sinusoids in the presence of Gaussian measurement noise. The approach used involves representing this problem as a realization problem in the state space. Fourth-order cumulants are used as a signal processing tool. It is shown that the estimation of the unknown frequencies can be achieved by solving a generalized eigenvalue problem involving a Hankel matrix composed from the fourth-order cumulants of the measured output. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this method when the signals are corrupted by Gaussian noises (white or colored).<<ETX>>


Salt-induced deterioration of architectural heritage is accelerated drastically in marine environments. This paper investigates the deterioration mechanism of the Shore Temple using various analytical techniques. Deteriorated and pristine stone samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), thin section studies, and SEM in order to understand the deterioration mechanism. The meteorological and micro-climatic conditions of Shore Temple in the tropical Indian climate were studied, as they have played a vital role in the deterioration of the stone matrix. The sides of the temple that face the sea as well as the upper part of the temple show intense alveolarization and the stone variety was petrologically identified as "garnetiferous hornblende biotite granite". The evaluation of results in terms of the efficacy of ethyl silicate consolidation of stone after desalination is very difficult due to continuous sea sprays. The compatible lime rendering evidenced in the shelter area and then scientifically examined during this study may be applied as a protective layer to safeguard and conserve the lone Pallava edifice on the seashore from deterioration in tropical and hygric saline conditions.


Majorana stars, the antipodal directions associated with the coherent states that are orthogonal to a spin state, provide a visualization and a geometric understanding of the structures of general quantum states. For example, the Berry phase of a spin-1/2 is given by half the solid angle enclosed by the close path of its Majorana star. It is conceivable that the Berry phase of higher spins may also be related to the geometry of the Majorana constellation. We find that for a spin-1 state, besides the expected contributions from the solid angles enclosed by the close paths of the two Majorana stars, the Berry phase includes a term related to the twist of the relative position vector around the barycenter vector of the two Majorana stars, i.e., the self-rotation of the constellation. Interestingly, if the spin-1 state is taken as a symmetrized two-qubit state, the extra contribution to the Berry phase is given by the self-rotation of the Majorana constellation weighted by the quantum entanglement of the two qubits. This discovery alludes to the relevance of the Majorana stellar geometry in representing the deep structures of quantum states and of quantum entanglement.


GeneMusiK is an artistic project that puts into play ideas about the capacity of physical morphologies to act as mnemonic systems by using DNA to transcode and remix musical structures. The project suggests that both biological and cultural information can function as both macro- and micro-scale structures arrayed at physical loci to create topologies which function as keys to the mapping of memory.


The objective of the present study was to develop a percentile scale according to age for the specific evaluation of body composition (since it is a component of physical condition related to health) and to quantify the variation in body composition for the different age groups. A total of 890 women enrolled in the municipal program for physical exercise were measured according to the directives of the Spanish Group of Kineanthropometry. The results show a progressive increase with age in body weight and fat mass as well as a decrease in height. A percentile scale according to age was also elaborated for diverse parameters of body composition. Likewise, the diversity of generalised equations used for estimating percentage of body fat was noted, thus confirming that a more objective evaluation, such as the index determined by the sum of skin folds, would be more suitable.


Enlisting recruits from college students is an important part of the modernization of army. On the basis of investigation in other colleges,this paper points out the problems existing in the recruitment process,and puts forward the countermeasures to these problems. It is hoped that the measures can be of significance to improve the recruitment work in high vocational colleges scientifically.


Under the precondition that there is a common conceptual ground between public relations and public diplomacy, this study explores websites as a dialogue space for diplomatic offices and foreign publics. It examines how many embassies utilize social media and applies Kent and Taylor's dialogic principles to the embassies' official homepage and blog to compare how they manage its website as a communication tool to inform and engage the Korean publics.


Background Surgeons are waiting for a hassle free, time saving, precise and accurate guide for hip arthroplasty. Industry are waiting for instruments to reduce manufacturing costs associated with washing, assembling, sterilization and transportation. Patient specific / custom made surgical guides may deliver these goals but current systems have had limited assessments. We comprehensively assessed a new guiding system for the acetabular component of hip replacement, "Bullseye". Methods Planning . We used either Computer Tomography (CT) (n=22) or Magnetic Resonance (MR) (n=6) imaging to plan the position of acetabular components into 28 acetabulums of cadavers (n=12) and dry bone models (n=16). 10 of the dry bone models had complex deformities (crowe 4 hip dysplasia or Paprosky 3A defects). Surgical positioning. Patient specific "Bullseye" guides were manufactured using 3D printing and standard instruments were used to ream the acetabulum, guided by Bullseye, and position cup components. Post surgery. The pelvises underwent CT scanning after implantation of acetabular cups. 3D software measured the "radiographic" (as opposed to operative or anatomic) cup inclination and version angles using the anterior pelvic plane as a reference. Achieved position was compared to the plan. Statistics. We used Bland Altman plots to quantify the strength of the agreement between the planned and achieved cup orientations in terms of fixed bias, correlation coefficient and 2 standard deviation limits of agreement. Results Measurement of the cup position angles with 3D CT after implantation with the Bullseye hip instruments showed a median (Interquartile range) difference in degrees between planned and achieved position of 2.5 (1–6) for inclination and 8 (3–10) for version. The use of CT or MR imaging for planning produced similar results. Bland Altman plots for cup inclination and version angles respectively, showed a fixed bias of +3 and +6 degrees; in other words the guide increased the planned cup angles by consistent 3 and 7 degrees on average. The estimated bias, was 3.9 and 7 degrees respectively. The 95% (1.96 SD) limits of agreement were 7 and 10 respectively. Discussion This robust assessment, involving the use of 3D CT, of the Bullseye hip instruments system showed good early results with 95% limits of agreement between planned and achieved cup angles of 7.3 and 10 degrees for inclination and version respectively. In other words, the Bullseye instruments can achieve better cup position than any published study of conventional techniques. Or put another way, a cup planned to be at the centre of Lewinnek9s safe zone of acetabular cup position (inclination range between 30 and 50 degrees; version range between 5 and 25 degrees) would be achieved in 95% of cases. This could be improved further by adjusting for the fixed bias and choosing cases with simple bony anatomy. Conclusion The Bullseye hip instruments have the potential to reduce the wide variation in the positioning of acetabular components during hip arthroplasty. It is now ready for a clinical evaluation.


The overall effect of fuel aromaticity on soot yield is well recognized and attributed to the predominant role of steps preceding soot inception with respect to the surface and other further growth steps that would not be affected by the fuel structure [1,2]. Most of the experimental work has been carried out in low-pressure premixed conditions on flames of aliphatics (mainly ethylene and acetylene) and benzene [2-6]. The earlier formation of soot in benzene flames was found and correlated to the larger concentration of aromatics in the main oxidation region. In this work atmospheric-pressure premixed flames of pre-vaporized hydrocarbons having the same carbon atom number and different structure as hexane and benzene have been compared in similar flame temperature and C/O ratio since both these parameters strongly affect sooting propensity in premixed flames [7]. The major and minor combustion products have been measured in both hexane and benzene flames to analyse the differences in the oxidative and pyrolytic environments in which soot inception and growth occur.


The invention discloses a low-temperature saving device capable of realizing mechanical switching between a thermal insulating mode and a rewarming mode. The low-temperature saving device comprises a working container, a thermal insulation container and a driving mechanism; the working container is used for accommodating a working solution and a sample; a seal cavity is formed in the thermal insulation container, and filled with a thermal insulation solution; at least one part of the working container and at least one part of the thermal insulating container are complementary in shape; the driving mechanism is linked with any one of the working container and the thermal insulating container to change the distance between the working container and the thermal insulating container. The quantity and the temperature of the thermal insulating solution in the thermal insulation container are controlled accurately; the thermal insulating process and the rewarming process of the working solution can be switched freely, and the whole-process temperature control can be achieved.


The effects of the different organic manure with equivalent nitrogen and phosphorus on the yield of winter wheat,water use efficiency(WUE) and soil fertility were investigated from 2005 to 2011 in Loess Plateau East of Gansu.The results showed that the combined fertilizing of NP chemical fertilizer with organic matter was more advantaged for improving soil ferity,the yield of winter wheat and WUE than the fertilizing of NP chemical fertilizer(CK2)and no fertilizing(CK1).The effect of chemical fertilizer combined with biological manure was significantly higher than others.Soil organic matter,total N,total P and total K were increased by15.5%,21.4%,14.1% and 5.9% comparing with that in 2006,respectively,and available P and K were heightened with 14.2 mg·kg-1 and 48.0 mg·kg-1,respectively.The yield of winter wheat(3 536.3 kg·hm-2) was the highest and increased by 53.2% and 86.7% comparing with CK2 and CK1,respectively.WUE(11.7 kg·mm-1·hm-2) was the highest and increased 30.2% and 71.2% comparing with CK2 and CK1 respectively.Therefore,chemical fertilizer combined with biological manure was significantly improving the soil quality under the rain and heat condition in loess plateau dry land east of Gansu,and soil fertility and yield of winter wheat were greatly accordant,which could be taken as the standard for soil fertility and yield level.


The general objective of this article is to describe the strategy called Short Commercialization Circuits SCC as a way of supplying local chains in 2020 by the Unidad Administrativa Especial de Organizaciones Solidarias (UAEOS) in Colombia to counteract the negative impacts of the COVID19 pandemic and to improve the social fabric and the ecosystem of the beneficiary territories. The methodology is qualitative, and its methods are documentary review. The main conclusion is that Short Commercialization Circuits such as Public Procurement are strategies that can improve the quality of life of farmers in their territory.


This paper introduced a newly developed coal flotation collector ZFC and its flotation characteristics for Shanxi three different coals. ZFC was an emulsion composed by 27% diesel oil, 70% water and 3% surfactants. The surfactant PGS which was environmental friendly and reproducible, was synthesized with oil. The flotation results showed that the ZFC had the characteristics of excellent performance, high selectivity and good stability. Compared with the flotation with diesel at the similar clean coal ash, the ZFC can increase clean coal recovery and combustible material recovery by 3∼5% and 2∼5%, respectively. ZFC can greatly improve the efficiency of floatation and save about 70% diesel oil.


The dividend decision has significant influence on investment and financing decisions Therefore, this research aims at examining the determinants of dividend payouts for Egyptian listed companies. Based on literature four determinants are chosen as independent variables for dividend payouts. Where Methodology was A 51 Egyptian listed companies on the Egyptian stock exchange. companies were the sample size of this research. To examine the determinates namely, profitability, liquidity, financial leverage, and company's size a multiple regression is used to test the relationship between these four independent variables and the dividend payout. the results reveal that profitability, liquidity and company's size have a significant relationship with dividend payout. On the other hand, financial leverage has insignificant relationship with dividend payout. Keywords: Dividend, Dividend payout, Determinants, Non-financial company, Egypt


Conformal technicolor is a paradigm for new physics at the LHC that may solve the problems of strong electroweak symmetry breaking for quark masses and precision electroweak data. We give explicit examples of conformal technicolor theories based on a QCD-like sector. We suggest a practical method to test the conformal dynamics of these theories on the lattice.


143 women (19-37 years) received Continuin (.5 mg ethynodiol diacetate - a progestogen with slight estrogenic characteristics and without androgenous anabolic and antiandrogenous effects) on a daily basis for a total of 608 cycles. Distribution of the cases were as follows: contraception during lactation 109; intolerance of combined or al contraceptives 26; and a history of thromboembolism 8. 2 pregnancies occurred with 1 patient failure and 1 undiagnosed pregnancy. There was a reduced length of menstrual periods with more frequent menstruations. 16.5% experience breakthrough bleeding. This effect decreased with use. 2 women stopped taking Continuin for subjective complaints. Drug-related effects on lactation were absent. Ovulation seemed to be unaffected with the use of Continuin. Cervical mucus had a considerable increase in viscosity supporting the assumption that the cervix is the primary site of action. Continuin appears to be a reliable contraceptive agent and recommended in cases where combined products are contraindicated.


In order to meet the demand and keep the safety of air traffic, ENRI (Electronic Navigation Research Institute) studies on leveraging data-link function of SSR (Secondary Surveillance Radar) mode S and tries to apply it to the improvements of CA (Conflict Alert) which supports air traffic controller to keep safe separations between aircraft. Our purpose is to develop new DAP-CDM (Downlink Aircraft Parameters Conflict Detection Method) and evaluate the impacts of its introduction by computer simulations. First, for considering DAP-CDM, we calculated horizontal and vertical prediction errors of aircraft position estimated by the conventional CDM. As a result, both prediction errors were reduced by using flight data instead of radar data. We also found that it was better to smooth vertical speed for prediction and to utilize selected altitude in DAP-CDM. Then, occurrences of CA were analyzed to understand the effects of prediction error reduction. Currently, a large number of CAs were displayed for less than 20 seconds and often intermittently. When CA happened with a large altitude difference more than 10,000 ft, vertical flight phases of aircraft were the combination of climbing and descending. Under that condition, the changes of flight phase into level flight were rarely observed by judging from their later tracks. Therefore, smoothing vertical speed and utilizing selected altitude in DAP-CDM were considered to be necessary. For the purpose of comparing DAP-CDM with the conventional CDM, ENRI developed CDES (Conflict Detection Evaluation System). It can simulate both the new and conventional CDMs under air traffic situations and system parameters as almost same as the conventional ones. Finally, the characteristics of DAP-CDM were studied and its advantages were demonstrated. DAP-CDM has the function of predicting aircraft positions by using smoothed aircraft horizontal velocity and vertical speed, and judging aircraft flight phases by using roll angle and selected altitude. As a result of evaluating DAP-CDM by the simulation with CDES, the judgment of vertical flight phases by selected altitude was most effective to reduce the number of unnecessary CA.


The objective of this work was to evaluate transesterification kinetics for biodiesel production from palm oil under subcritical conditions. Experimental investigation was carried out with palm oil and methanol at molar ratio of 46:1, temperatures between 150-200 °C and pressure around 140-190 atm in a 400 ml batch  reactor.  The biodiesel products were analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Area percentage method was used to estimate the methyl esters in the product. Zero- and first-order kinetic models were developed. Apparent activation energy was estimated to be in the range of 91-105 kJ/mol. The reaction rate equation was best approximated by the first order kinetic model with pre-exponential factor of 1.57 x 10 9 . Key words : Biodiesel; Critical fluids; Kinetic equations; Methyl esters; Palm oil; Renewable energy


Ship wakes produced by deep-draft vessels transiting the lower Columbia River have been observed to cause stranding of juvenile salmon. Proposed deepening of the Columbia River navigation channel has raised concerns about the potential impact of the deepening project on juvenile salmon stranding. The Portland District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers requested that the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory design and conduct a study to assess stranding impacts that may be associated with channel deepening. The basic study design was a multivariate analysis of covariance of field observations and measurements under a statistical design for a before and after impact comparison. We have summarized field activities and statistical analyses for the ?before? component of the study here. Stranding occurred at all three sampling sites and during all three sampling seasons (Summer 2004, Winter 2005, and Spring 2005), for a total of 46 stranding events during 126 observed vessel passages. The highest occurrence of stranding occurred at Barlow Point, WA, where 53% of the observed events resulted in stranding. Other sites included Sauvie Island, OR (37%) and County Line Park, WA (15%). To develop an appropriate impact assessment model that accounted for relevant covariates, regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between stranding probability and other factors. Nineteen independent variables were considered as potential factors affecting the incidence of juvenile salmon stranding, including tidal stage, tidal height, river flow, current velocity, ship type, ship direction, ship condition (loaded/unloaded), ship speed, ship size, and a proxy variable for ship kinetic energy. In addition to the ambient and ship characteristics listed above, site, season, and fish density were also considered. Although no single factor appears as the primary factor for stranding, statistical analyses of the covariates resulted in the following equations: (1) Stranding Probability {approx} Location + Kinetic Energy Proxy + Tidal Height + Salmonid Density + Kinetic energy proxy ? Tidal Height + Tidal Height x Salmonid Density. (2) Stranding Probability {approx} Location + Total Wave Distance + Salmonid Density Index. (3) Log(Total Wave Height) {approx} Ship Block + Tidal Height + Location + Ship Speed. (4) Log(Total Wave Excursion Across the Beach) {approx} Location + Kinetic Energy Proxy + Tidal Height The above equations form the basis for a conceptual model of the factors leading to salmon stranding. The equations also form the basis for an approach for assessing impacts of dredging under the before/after study design.


Source bearing estimation is a common application of linear sensor arrays. The Cramer–Rao bound (CRB) sets a lower bound on the achievable mean square error (MSE) of any unbiased bearing estimate. In the white noise case, the CRB is minimized by placing half of the sensors at each end of the array [MacDonald and Schultheiss, JASA (1969)]. However, many realistic ocean environments have a mixture of both white noise and correlated noise. In many shallow water environments, the correlated ambient noise can be modeled as cylindrically (two‐dimensionally) isotropic. This research designs a fixed aperture linear array to maximize the fisher information for bearing estimation under these noise conditions. The optimum array is designed to maximize the minimum fisher information over an a priori bearing range. The elements of the optimal array are located closer to the array ends than uniform spacing, but are not so extreme as in the white noise case. The optimal array results from a trade off between minimizing ...


Contents: J. Bryant, Foreword. Acknowledgments. Preface. Part I:Perspectives in Cross-Cultural Communication and Aging. L.B. Hill, L.W. Long, W.R. Cupach, Aging and the Elders From a Cross-Cultural Communication Perspective. E.J. Portnoy, Older Females As Cultural Figures in Aging. N. Mundorf, J. Bryant, W. Brownell, Aging and Infotainment Technologies: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Part II:Cross-Generational Communication and Aging. D.M. Kimoto, Pidgin to Da Max: A Bridge Toward Satisfying Cross-Generational Communication by Older Hawaiians. H.S. Noor Al-Deen, Trends in Cross-Generational Communication Among Arab Americans. P.J. Kalbfleisch, A. Anderson, Mentoring Across Generations: Culture, Family, and Mentoring Relationships. Part III:Cross-Cultural Communication and Aging Within Organizational Settings. L.W. Long, D.A. DeJoy, M. Javidi, A. Javidi, A Cultural Approach to Communication and Aging in Organizations. C.L. Grooters, L.B. Hill, P.N. Long, The Nursing Home and Retirement Community: A Cross-Cultural Communication Perspective. L.D. Shaver, The Dilemma of Oklahoma Native American Women Elders: Women's Traditional Health Roles and Bureaucratic Health Care. Part IV:Popular Culture and Aging. C.E. Tallant, Images of Older Adults in Traditional Literature. T.J. Darwin, Searching for the Fountain: Rhetorics of Aging in Contemporary Self-Help Literature. M. Cassata, B.J. Irwin, Young by Day: The Elders on Daytime Serial Drama. W.J. Hajjar, The Image of Aging in Television Advertising: An Update for the 1990s.


The attenuation of internal multiple energy on land data is still one of the most challenging tasks in seismic data preprocessing. Low data quality and lack of velocity information of complicated structure (especially in near surface) on land data often result in poor predictions in many cases. Inverse Scattering Series (ISS) internal multiple attenuation is a very promising algorithm to attenuate internal multiple energy on land seismic exploration data. The key characteristic of this ISS-based methods is that they do not require any information about the subsurface, i.e., they are fully data driven. Internal multiples from all possible generators are predicted simultaneously from the input data. In this paper we apply Inverse Scattering Series (ISS) internal multiple attenuation algorithms on a land seismic data from Canada.


Patients after Fontan palliation represent a growing pediatric population requiring heart transplant (HTx) and often have lymphopenia (L) and/or hypogammaglobinemia that may be exacerbated by protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE, P). The post‐HTx effects of this altered immune phenotype are not well studied.


The invention discloses a nitric-acid-free stainless steel acid washing solution and a preparation method thereof. The nitric-acid-free stainless steel acid washing solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-30% of sulfuric acid, 3-10% of hydrofluoric acid, 0.1-10% of hydrogen peroxide, 1.0-5% of Fe , 0.05-1.0% of corrosion inhibitor, 0.01-1.0% of stabilizer, 0.05-1.0% of wetting agent and the balance of water. The acid washing solution is free of nitric acid, has the advantages of high acid washing speed, good quality and the like, and thoroughly solves a series of environmental problems of yellow smoke in the acid washing workshop, nitrogenous wastewater and the like.


A DSP control system is introduced for the hybrid linear step motor. According to its characteristic and control requirements, the open control and optimal control are operated by TMS320F240 DSP. By the design of its hardware and software, the accurate orientation of the hybrid linear step motor is implemented and the dynamic thrust-speed characteristic given.


Plasma infiltra Ti then plasma nitridizing on the surface of carbon steel was carried out.Corrosion experiment of treated sample in 1 mol/L HNO3 solution was carried out using PS-268A electrochemical measuring instrument.And the surface morphology of corrosion sample was analyzed using SEM and EDS.The results show that: in 1 mol/L HNO3 solution,the passivation potential of Ti alloy layer and TiN layer significantly decreases compared with the untreated sample,the precipitation of TiN layer and Ti alloy layer is enhanced by 2.96 times and 3.17 times;the corrosion resistance of TiN layer and Ti alloy layer is enhanced by 4.54 times and 7.44 times.The corrosion mechanisms of untreated carbon steel,Ti alloy layer and TiN layer are pitted,light aspect corrosion and intergranular corrosion,respectively.


This paper presents a detection system for the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack based on neural network, which is implemented in the Apache Hadoop cluster and the HBase system. While there are already many approaches for the DDoS detection, there are two main challenges: the learning capability of a DDoS detection system and the ability to process a huge unstructured dataset. The main contribution of this paper is to develop a DDoS detection system with learning capability to adapt to new types of DDoS attacks and ability to store and analyze a huge unstructured dataset collected from network logs. Particularly, a neural network architecture is designed for the DDoS detection system, and a list of training samples is developed to train the neural network. This approach is validated with a series of generated datasets of different scenarios. It was shown that the system with the well-trained neural network is able to detect DDoS attacks efficiently and successfully.


Magnetic vortex cores are interacting with and can even be annihilated by artificial defects, such as holes. These defects have been fabricated by focused ion beam milling (FIB) into the magnetic domains, domain walls and the center of square-shaped vortices, known as Landau structures. We report the imaging of the magnetization dynamics of Landau structures containing holes by means of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photo-emission electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM). Due to the high lateral and temporal resolution of this method, the magnetic excitation spectrum, which is characteristic for the vortex–hole interaction, is investigated in detail. We find that the vortex core as well as domain walls can be trapped by small holes. With the help of micromagnetic simulations we show that the vortex gyrotropic motion frequency is enhanced, whereas the amplitude is significantly reduced in the case of non-centric holes in domain walls.


In general, Engine will emit more particulate tailpipe emissions during idling and acceleration conditions. This is a common phenomenon in location such as Toll Plazas which has one of the highest number of vehicle density in urban areas. Therefore the study of aerosol particulates characteristics like average particle concentration and average particle diameter in air is important. The objective of this work is to describe the process of measurement and analysis of ambient Nano Particulate Matter at a Toll Plaza in a Tier II city. A nano particulate counter was used to measure particulate samples and it was mounted at a position that best replicates human exposure to the pollutants. The measurement was carried out for duration of 20 consecutive days and the time of the measurement was planned so as to cover peak traffic time experienced at the Toll Plaza. Particulate number concentration was measured at varying vehicle densities and also at different wind speeds. The results revealed that high concentration was observed for an increase in vehicle concentration as anticipated. Also high number concentration was observed for smaller particulate size (diameter 20 to 80 μm). The relation with number concentration and wind speed was inconclusive.


In this paper, a transmission-type electromagnetic metasurface lens which can be conformal to a cylindrical surface is designed and employed to enhance the boresight gain of a feeding antenna. The objective gradient of the transmission phase is formulated and implemented with four-layer slot unit cells. Focused electric field strength and power density are observed for a TM-polarized plane electromagnetic wave illumination at the designed focal point. Using a traditional probe-fed microstrip antenna as feeding, the cylindrical lens antenna can enhance its boresight gain by 11.4 dB for TM-polarized radiation at 10 GHz.


Most interventional cardiologists choose the femoral route for non-compulsory and number one PCI (PCI). Transradial access is gaining popularity due to less issues at the entrance location. 100 patients with acute ST-phase elevation myocardial infarction were recruited in the study. The researcher divided the study population in 1/2, assigning 1/2 of Group A to patients whose first PCI was performed using the transfemoral route and 1/2 of Group B to transradial route patients. Comparing groups' problems. Major and small hematomas, bleeding difficulties, pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery, and lack of radial artery have been visible in each group, even though the distinction become now no longer statistically significant. First, primary angioplasty may be performed transfemoral or transradial; second, there is no difference in complication rates between the femoral and radial techniques for patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing first PCI; and third, the operator must utilise the method that is learned.


A waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersoid was synthesized through the prepolymer method using aliphatic isocyanates [namely isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI)] and self-made polyester polyol as main raw materials. The effects of HDI/IPDI ratio on properties of waterborne polyurethane were discussed. The FTIR results confirmed the successful synthesis of WPU. As the molar ratio of HDI/IPDI increased, the properties (including elongation at break, solvent resistance, viscosity and thermal stability) increased, while the tensile strength and the average particle size decreased. The stable WPU with light blue and translucent were obtained when the HDI/ IPDI ratio was 1.5:1.


Waves observed in the photosphere and chromosphere of sunspots show complex dynamics and spatial patterns. The interpretation of high-resolution sunspot wave observations requires modeling of three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear wave propagation and mode transformation in the sunspot upper layers in realistic spot model atmospheres. Here, we present the first results of such modeling. We have developed a 3D nonlinear numerical code specially designed to calculate the response of magnetic structures in equilibrium to an arbitrary perturbation. The code solves the 3D nonlinear MHD equations for perturbations; it is stabilized by hyper-diffusivity terms and is fully parallelized. The robustness of the code is demonstrated by a number of standard tests. We analyze several simulations of a sunspot perturbed by pulses of different periods at a subphotospheric level, from short periods, introduced for academic purposes, to longer and realistic periods of 3 and 5 minutes. We present a detailed description of the 3D mode transformation in a non-trivial sunspot-like magnetic field configuration, including the conversion between fast and slow magneto-acoustic waves and the Alfvén wave, by calculation of the wave energy fluxes. Our main findings are as follows: (1) the conversion from acoustic to the Alfvén mode is only observed if the driving pulse is located out of the sunspot axis, but this conversion is energetically inefficient; (2) as a consequence of the cutoff effects and refraction of the fast magneto-acoustic mode, the energy of the evanescent waves with periods around 5 minutes remains almost completely below the level β = 1; (3) waves with frequencies above the cutoff propagate field aligned to the chromosphere and their power becomes dominating over that of evanescent 5 minute oscillations, in agreement with observations.


We present a simulation modeling methodology to assess the rail track infrastructure in highly dense traffic areas. We used this model to determine the best trackage configuration to meet future demand in the Los Angeles-Inland Empire Trade Corridor Region. There are three major challenges in modeling a rail network in a densely trafficked metropolitan area. They are: (1) complex trackage configurations, (2) various speed limits, and (3) non-fixed dispatching timetables and routes between the origin and destination. Our proposed model has the ability to handle the above complexities in order to determine the best use of the rail capacity. Furthermore, our methodology is general enough so that it can be applied to other large scale rail networks.


The common methods of the work of the settlement prediction such as exponential smoothing method,regression analysis method and the grey prediction model are used to predict the sedimentation number of high-rise building,and a forecasting experiment is conducted with the practical data.Also,the precision and the reliability of this three methods are comparative analysis from several ways.The experimental results are as follows:for the data whose downtrend is smooth,it is perfect to use the grey model method;for the settlement data which is changing slowly and the change of the later period is quite gentle,the exponential smoothing method is fit;for the settlement data whose fluctuation is obvious,the regression analysis method is better.


Research on the effectiveness of career exploration as viewed by 1100 senior high school students involved in Experience-Based Career Education (EBCE) projects in 16 states is reviewed. Results suggest that the learning potential of community experience can be improved in the following six ways: (1) offering challenging work; (2) selecting activities that foster student responsibility; (3) giving clear directions combined with freedom to explore; (4) offering hands-on learning; (5) providing opportunities to develop relationships with one or more individuals at worksites; and (6) counseling students about reactions to boring and repetitive tasks. A brief description of EBCE, identification of factors in the workplace detracting from quality learning, implications of the research findings as seen by employers and program staff, highlights from related studies, and ideas for new research are given. (JW) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** Improving Learning in the Workplace: How Youth See Their Career Explorations Ideas for Action in Education and Work, Issue 2 Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory


Ease of programming is the main merit of script languages. In distributed computing environments, programmers need to be aware of locations of resources and need to write additional codes for using remote resources in scripts. This makes scripts more complicated than those which use only local resources and cancels out the merit of script languages. We propose a virtual single computer model on which programmers needn't be aware of locations of resources. Programmers write scripts which use remote resources and scripts which use only local resources in the same way. We developed a prototype system which executes such scripts. The system is implemented on the existing mobile agent system called D'Agent. We evaluated the system through an experiment and demonstrated its usefulness.