As basic research data, in order to use the findings from the analysis of the kinematic variables for the Healy movement on parallel bars, in improving athletic performances, the study was carried out to analyze three male gymnasts representing Korea. The results are as follows. 1. Although it is not possible to evaluate performances by the hour variable, it`s found desirable to make conditions to perform movements in a relaxed manner, following these instructions. First, by making the time spent fast from the Start to Event1, and making the body move in circle further, from the shoulder joint axis at Event 2, the time spent lengthens. This way, the linear velocity, in the vertical top to bottom accelerates, resulting in lengthening the time spent up to Event4. 2. The results of the study found it desirable to make a big stick figure, following these instructions: by using the elastic force of the bar from the Start, which is the position variable for the body`s center, to Event 1, the body`s center can move more flexible, so that the ascending force from Event 2 to Event 3 can increase, and the hip joint can be extended to event4., resulting in increasing the vertical position. 3. The study found out that a flexible movement can be performed in a relaxed manner, by increasing the vertical speed at Event 1, which is the speed variable for the body`s center, decreasing the horizontal speed at Event 2, and increasing the vertical speed, the rotation speed can be increased. Making the rotation radius big at Event 3, where the body is lifted up, a flexible movement can be performed until Event 4, where the standing-on-the-head takes place. 4. In performing the Healy movement, it`s found desirable to follow these instructions: the angel between the shoulder and hip joints becomes large at Event 1 and Event 4, so that the movement of the body can be extended: and by shitting the body`s center to the right, the angle of the shoulder joint should be small. 5. It`s found desirable to make a flexible movement, by increasing the angular speed of the shoulder joint At Event 1, a variable for the angular speed, and decreasing it at Event 2, with the body pushed away from the shoulder joint axis, resulting in a big circle at Event 2: and by decreasing the angular speed of the hip joint in the vertical bottom-to-top direction. In conclusion, in performing the Healy movement on parallel bars for advanced and modified technical movements and for improved performance, the findings of the study confirm that it is essential to maintain the speed at the center of the body up to Event 3, by pushing up the body`s center, utilizing the elasticity of the bar at Event 1, and increasing the rotation speed down the vertical line through the extended the hip joint to enlarge the circle movement within reach of the rotation radius, when twisting the body at 180 degrees around the shoulder joint at Event 2. Success or failure largely depends on performing the movement in a relaxed manner, by decreasing the speed gradually up to Event 4 where the standing-on-the-head takes place, while lifting the body at the rapid speed upward at Event 3 and not extending the hip joint.


In this thesis, we study two aspects in image processing. Part I is on the fast and efficient algorithms for the TV-L1 image restoration. Part II is on the fast and efficient algorithms for the positively constraint maximum penalized TV image restoration.
In Part I of the thesis, we focus on the fast and efficient algorithms for the TV-L1 minimization problem which can be applied to recover the blurred images corrupted by impulse noise. We construct the half-quadratic algorithm (HQA) for TV-L1 image restoration based on the half-quadratic technique. By introducing the proximal point algorithm into the HQA, we then obtain a modified HQA. We call it the proximal point half-quadratice algorithm (PHA). We introduce the PHA aiming to decrease the condition number of the coefficient matrix as updating the iterator in HQA. Until recently, there have been many efficient methods to solve the TV-L1 minimization problem. Examples are the primal-dual method, the fast total variational deconvolution method (FTVDM), and the augmented Lagrangian method (ALM). By numerical results of the FTVDM and ALM, we see that the images restored by these methods may sometimes appear to be blocky. Come back to our methods. The HQA and the PHA are both fast and efficient algorithms to solve the TV-L1 minimization problem. We prove that our algorithms are both majorize-minimize algorithms for solving a regularized TV-L1 problem. Given the assumption ker(∇)∩ker(BT B) = {0}, the convergence and linear convergence of the HQA is then easily obtained. Without such an assumption, a convergence result of PHA is also obtained. We apply our algorithms to deblur images corrupted with impulse noise. The results show that the HQA is faster and more accurate than the ALM and FTVDM for salt-and-pepper noise and comparable to the two methods for random-valued impulse noise. The PHA is comparable to the HQA in both recovered effect and computing consuming. Comparing with ALM and FTVDM, the PHA is faster and more accurate than ALM and FTVDM for salt-and-pepper noise and comparable to the two methods for random-valued impulse noise. Furthermore, the recovered images by the HQA and the PHA are less blocky.
Part II of the thesis focuses on the positively constraint maximum penalized total variation image restoration. We develop and implement a multiplicative iteration approach for the positively constrained total variation image restoration. We call our algorithm MITV. The MITV algorithm is based on the multiplicative iterative algorithm originally developed for tomographic image reconstruction. The advantages of the MITV are that it is very easy to derive and implement under different image noise models and it respects the positivity constraint. Our method can be applied to kinds of noise models, the Gaussian noise model, Poisson noise model and the impulse noise model. In numerical test, we apply our algorithm to deblur images corrupted with Gaussian noise. The results show that our method give better restored images than the forward-backward splitting algorithm.


Introduction: Assessment of the patient presenting with seizure disorder is a common problem in clinical practice. MR imaging plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of patients with seizures. Accurate diagnosis of the cause of seizure is crucial for finding an effective treatment. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted on 110 patients who presented with clinical impression of seizures from August 2013 to August 2015 who were subjected to MRI scanning. This study was carried out in 110 patients with clinical presentation of seizures by subjecting them to magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the spectrum of findings, various etiologic factors for seizures, and the most common imaging abnormality. Depending on the radiological features a provisional diagnosis was made correlating the clinical features. Results: In our study, 110 patients who were clinically diagnosed of seizure disorder were undergone MRI examination of the brain. In our study, cerebral infarct 20%, NCC 7.27%, atrophy 5.45%, cortical malformation 3.64%, tuberculoma 3.64%, venous thrombosis 3.64% constitute the main etiological factors other being neoplasm, tuberous sclerosis, SWS and abscess. The most common abnormality was cerebral chronic infarct. The MRI findings were normal in 53 (48.1%) cases and revealed spectrum of abnormalities in 57 (51.9%) cases. The common abnormalities were cerebral infarction with gliosis (20%), infections – NCC (7.2%) and tuberculoma (3.6%), cerebral atrophy (5.45%), developmental cortical malformations (3.6%), venous thrombosis (3.6%), tuberous sclerosis (1.82%), developmental vascular malformations (1.82%), low grade glioma (1.82%), SWS (0.91%), meningioma (0.91%), cerebral abscess (0.91%) were among the abnormal findings. Conclusion: This study observed that MRI with appropriate imaging protocols adds sensitivity and specificity in evaluation of seizures.


Solar engine 302 arranged vertically along the inner part of the building is warmed by solar radiation. Solar engine 302 includes an upper portion of the warm air chamber 308 of the solar engine 302, and a hollow core 108 disposed below the warm air chamber 308. Living space 102 around the core 108 is located toward the outside of the building 100. Solar radiation to warm chamber 308, the high-temperature zone is formed in the warm air chamber 308, the high-temperature zone causes a chimney effect, by a lower temperature of the core 108, the air rises through the core 108, as a result, to generate a negative pressure in the core 108. Air flows from the lower part of the building, the solar engine 302 is raised in the core 108.


The problems that is examined in this study are factors related to household waste management. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with household waste management. The type of research was analytical research with cross sectional design. The independent variable were income, knowledge, availability of facilities and infrastructure, and socialization. The total population in this study was 4.216 inhabitants. Samples taken as many as 98 people. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling. Data analysis used Chi-square test with a = 0.05. From the results of the study, it is found that the respondents income about household waste management earning <DMW (Rp3,003,922) was 56.1%, bad knowledge was 60.2%, availability of facilities and infrastructure was not available by 56.1%, good socialization by 51 0%. Statistical test results showed that income and household waste management p = 0.009, the level of knowledge and household waste management p = 0.034, the availability of facilities and infrastructure and household waste management p = 0.034, socialization and management household waste obtained p = 0.556. The conclusion of this study that there was relationship between income, knowledge, availability of facilities and infrastructure with household waste management, while socialization has no relationship with household waste management. Suggestions are recommended for people who live in the village to increase knowledge about good household waste management.


This paper uses Neural ODE (NODE) based models to generate continuous medical time series. We also introduce a new technique to design the generative adversarial network (GAN) with Neural ODE (NODE) based Generator and Discriminator. During the Performace evaluation of the proposed model, we find that data generated by a NODE-based generator is more continuous than traditional GAN. Therefore, the proposed GAN model becomes more robust. On the other hand, the traditional GAN model demonstrates unstable training and unsupervised learning, which often make it difficult to determine the quality of the result. For this work, we design NODE based models as a generator and a discriminator to make the GAN model datadriven. The data-driven approach helps us overcome the unstable training of the traditional GAN model and improve the quality of the result. We used different evaluation metrics to quantitatively assess generated synthetic data for real-world applications and data analysis. We also evaluate the existing GAN model and the proposed models to understand the comparative efficiency of medical data synthesis.


be classified into four groups. Polymers D and E have the same frequency dependence of η' and G' in the frequency range covered by the experiment and η' vs. ω or G' vs. ω curve (ω denotes angular frequency) can be superposed into a composite curve by shifting them along a straight line having the slope of -1 or the abscissa. This also holds for polymers F and G, but the η' and G' curves for these polymers intersect with those for polymers D and E. The polymers A and B have the same frequency dependences of η' and G' on each other but are different from the above materials. The polymer C is quite different from others. The frequency dependence of η' for this polymer


A set of cyclic testing equipment simulating high-temperature and high-velocity situations in oil refinery industry has been designed and built up.This equipment is primarily used to study the erosion-corrosion caused by high-temperature fluids.The oil medium in the cyclic testing equipment can be heated up to 350℃ and the pressure limit for this system is 6.4 MPa.The highest flow velocity of the oil medium in the equipment can be up to 49 m/s at present.The flow field in the process of erosion-corrosion experiments realized by using the testing equipment has been simulated and analyzed by the finite element method.It is found that the larger the exit velocity and the diameter of the nozzle as well as the smaller the distance from the nozzle exit to the specimen surface,the stronger the fluid erosion.Adjusting the gradient of the specimen and the temperature of the oil medium can also change the erosion effect.On the basis of the simulation results of the flow field,the experimental parameters for the fluid erosion have been selected by simultaneously considering the factual situations of the testing equipment.It has been proved by the erosion-corrosion experiments that property of the testing equipment is stable,the selection of the experimental parameters is reasonable,and the equipment meets the demands of high-temperature erosion-corrosion experiments.


Soil reclamation after open<cast brown coal mining is a way of landscape restoration. Covering of the dumpsite earth with natural topsoil (topsoiling) is a common reclamation practice. We compared soil characteristics between areas with natural topsoil cover and without this cover on two different dumpsites. It was shown that natural topsoil cover increased organic carbon content and humus quality of the soil and slightly increased the content of available phosphorus that is generally deficient in the dumpsite soils of the region. In contrast, contents of available calcium and magnesium were lower on the covered sites; however, the supply of these nutrients is still very good. Natural topsoil cover also decreased the content of clay. However, the total and capillary porosity decreased. The effect of topsoil cover on soil pH was not consistent between the two sites under study. The effect of topsoil cover on soil heterogeneity was also assessed using geostatistics. In conclusion, the natural topsoil cover can generally improve the starting quality of the developing soil.


Emotional maturity performance refers to the grades obtained by the students. E influence the achievements of life. The aim of the study is to find the Maturity and Academic perfor 60 college students belonging to the age group of 17 to 20years, purposive sampling method was adopted. The results are analysed by computing Pearson correlation and the results indicate that there is no sig sample t performance and the result indicates that there is a significant gender diffe and academic performance.


We demonstrate the utility of self-dual fields in electrodynamics. Stable configurations of free electromagnetic fields can be represented as superpositions of standing waves, each possessing zero Poynting vector and zero orbital angular momentum. The standing waves are themselves superpositions of self-dual and anti-self-dual solutions. The idea of self-duality provides additional insights into the geometrical and spectral properties of stable electromagnetic configurations, such as those responsible for the formation of ball lightning.


Objectives: To evaluate the features of the clinical findings in three types (types I, IIa, IIb) of enuresis, classified by overnight simultaneous monitoring by electroencephalography (EEG) and cystometry (CM). Methods: We performed a test to evaluate bladder capacity, arousal response and the pattern of nighttime urination in sucklings and infants. Results: As for the values of enuretic bladder capacity (EBC), the smallest were found in enuresis type IIb. As for arousal response, enuresis type I showed the best, while enuresis type IIa showed the worst response. With regard to the pattern of nighttime urination in sucklings and infants, all sucklings had a stable bladder in the sleep state and urinated in the pattern of type IIa. The arousal response to bladder distention indicating type I appeared at the age of about 2 or 3. Conclusions: The smallest EBC in patients with enuresis type IIb represented a bladder dysfunction in the sleep period. It was observed that patients with enuresis type I had the best arousal function while those with enuresis type IIa had the worst arousal function. All sucklings urinated unconsciously during sleep in the pattern of type IIa. The arousal response to bladder distention indicating type I, which was not observed below the age of 1 year, was thought to appear at the age of about 2 or 3 years. If this change has not appeared by the age of 3, bed-wetting might persist after the age of 5.


The paper analyses five basic types of chopper circuit suitable for converting low-level direct voltages to alternating voltages. Three of them are capacitance coupled and two are transformer coupled; all have resistive loads. Both transformer-coupled circuits have make-before-break (overlap) contact action and incorporate a stopper resistor. If the overlap is small, this arrangement provides input resistances which approach those of the equivalent buffered underlap circuits, together with several other advantages. Expressions are derived for gain, input resistance and optimum stopper resistance in terms of the component values.


With the advent of the financial crisis,global trade constraints,the chinese government tightened credit policies,the exporiation guidance labor intensine form sm all and m edium-sized enterprise obtains the tand support with dtfficulty,thus m assive business failure the article on the currentsm alland m edium-sized enterprise financing condition,proposed own som e ideas.


Chapter 5 introduces the concept and explores the permissibility of moral indulgences. Roughly speaking, an agent is morally indulgent when they do something that, absent a defeater, is wrong, and, in order to offset this, do something that is supererogatory and more good than the bad action was bad. The chapter proceeds to explain why and when being morally indulgent is permissible. For some cases, being morally indulgent appears permissible (as when one buys a large carbon offset after polluting more than one's fair share), while for others, it appears impermissible (as when murdering one but, otherwise unrelatedly, saving two to make up for it). The explanation for when being indulgent is permissible appeals to universalizability of the sort found in forms of Kantianism, contractualism, and rule consequentialism. Finally, the chapter explores the implications for what God should do, and why, if there are no unsurpassable possible worlds.


The paper introduces relevant assembling process of 325MW air-cooled turbine. After tackling technical problems, general assembling is successfully made at the first time. This also offers experiences for future development of air-cooled turbine with large capacity.


Three rural issues have always been troubled by China's sustained,rapid and healthy development of the main bottlenecks,which is the building of China's rural financial system and rural financial service system lags behind the ability is not strong inseparable.Although the Government has been working to increase the supply of rural finance,primarily through low interest rates and interest subsidy policy and project-based,credit support and project implementation to combine measures to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of rural financial markets,But the results are not satisfactory,not the ultimate form of sustainable development of rural finance mechanisms.In this paper,the practical needs of the rural financial analysis of the status quo to start to explore the rural financial development approaches.


The study aimed to determine the subject matter knowledge (SMK) of Grade-V Mathematics teachers and the influence of teachers' Mathematics Pedagogy Content Knowledge (MPCK) training on their pupils' achievement. It used a quantitative and qualitative method of research to address the low performance of pupils in national and local assessments. The study was done in Camiguin among 40 teachers and 825 pupils who were randomly chosen. A teacher made test to assess the teachers' SMK and pupils' achievement with reliability of .95 and open-ended test to assess teachers' MPCK with reliability coefficient of .80. This test was given as pretest before teachers' training and posttest after training. Interview was done for triangulation. After analysis of the data the result revealed that the experimental group of teachers has significantly higher MPCK than those without training and pupils' achievement score is significantly higher than pupils under the teacher without training. The researchers recommend that teachers MPCK training be done to improve pupils achievement and teacher-training institutions should include MPCK in the curriculum.


This paper introduces two uncertain continuous portfolio selection models under the assumption that securities follow uncertain differential equations. The models are established to be consistent with the goals of investors based on expected value criterion. Solution methods for the models are proposed based on the α-pathes of uncertain differential equation and genetic algorithm. An example is presented to validate the approaches. c ©2015 World Academic Press, UK. All rights reserved.


There is a growing need for instruments to control and reduce the impacts of the increasing number of tourists visiting protected natural areas. Among these economic instruments, the use of access fees can have positive effects on enhancing environmental sustainability by reducing the number of visitors. Access fees are also a source of financing the management costs of a protected area. Among the negative impacts of tourism, users of beaches perceive congestion as a factor in reducing the final value of the touristic experience. This article analyses the perception of locals of an access fee to enter the small Canary island of Lobos, a protected natural area with high quality beaches, whose quietness is endangered by an increasing number of visitors, clearly exceeding the current carrying capacity. We approached the problem using different tools: firstly, we looked at visitors' opinions on the website TripAdvisor to identify whether congestion is perceived as a problem; secondly, we carried out an opinio...


The second volume of the Handbook of Physiology is concerned with the physiology of blood flow. Its 26 chapters cover the general aspects of pulsatile flow, the function of the vascular wall, the nature of atherosclerosis, the techniques of measuring blood flow, and ten chapters on blood flow through special regions including skin, pregnant uterus, and bones and joints, in addition to the more obvious chapters on hepatic, renal, mesenteric, and coronary flow. Cerebral blood flow is not included. The volume concludes with a superb chapter on the dynamics of the pulmonary circulation by Fishman. As before, all chapters are profusely illustrated and have large reference sections. There is an extensive index. Nothing perhaps indicates clearer the shift of the center of scientific gravity from Europe to this country than the emergence of a handbook of this scope from the loom of the American Physiological Society, with some assistance from


On the 1st January 1970 there commenced in the Solomon
Islands a special project for the eradication of malaria. This full
Malaria Eradication Programme followed on from a Pilot Project
which started in 1962 and a Pre-Eradication Programme which
started in 1965.
These widely scattered islands have been notoriously
malarious at least since the days of the early explorers and
probably long before that. In more recent times infants and
children have certainly died in their hundreds and most of the people
have been weakened with persistent infections.
In the late 1950 IS, following on from the suceessful eradication
of yaws, the Government and the World Health Organisation turned
their attention to the possibilities of eradicating malaria. These
early efforts have already been descri bed by Dr. J. D. Macgregor
in his M. D. thesis entitled "Malaria in the Island Territories of
the South West Pacific".
This present thesis expands that work, concentrating particularly
on the years 1970-75 which were the first six years of the full
Malaria Eradication Programme.


This paper presents a differential rectifier with high radio frequency (RF)-dc conversion efficiency over an extended input power range by using resistance compression network (RCN). The RCN is cascaded with a typical differential rectifier. It can reduce the variation range of rectifier input impedance, which changes with input power levels, and better impedance matching can be realized. Thus, the loss due to impedance mismatch is reduced, and high efficiency can be obtained in a wider input power range. First, the theoretical analysis of the RCN is carried out. Then, the detailed analysis of the rectifier input impedance and efficiency is derived in closed form. Based on the analytical results, a 915-MHz rectifier incorporating RCN is implemented. The measured results show that the RF-dc conversion efficiency keeps above 50% and 70% in the input power range 5.5-33.1 and 13.5-31.3 dBm, respectively. The maximum efficiency is 84.8%. Compared with the counterpart without RCN, the efficiency at lower input power levels is improved without degrading the peak efficiency.


Most adults take for granted their right, through marriage and adoption, to legally protect their relationship with children. A substantial segment of adults, however, cannot take this right for granted. In some states these individuals are denied the right to have a legal relationship with their partners' children because they are lesbians.' This proscription denies children whose parents are in a committed lesbian relationship the same legal and psychological protections found in legally recognized families. Yet, all children, regardless of their parents' sexual orientation, have a need for stability and predictability.2 Children already living in a household with two established parental figures-one natural, the other nonbirth-have an interest in securing the same rights other children are afforded, namely: inheritance rights; child support, if the parents separate; benefits accruing from social security, pension plans, and health insurance; and continuity of relationship with both parents.


We review a geometrical, so called superembedding, approach to the description of the dynamics of point-like and extended supersymmetric objects (superbranes) in String Theory. The approach is based on a supersymmetric extension of the classical surface theory to the description of superbrane dynamics by means of embedding worldvolume supersurfaces into target superspaces. Lorentz harmonics, twistors and pure spinors are its intrinsic ingredients. Main new results obtained with this approach include the following ones. Being manifestly doubly supersymmetric (on the worldvolume and in target superspace) the superembedding approach explained that the local fermionic kappa-symmetry of the Green-Schwarz-like superbrane actions originates from the conventional local supersymmetry of the worldvolume. It established or clarified a classical relationship between various formulations of the dynamics of superparticles and superstrings, such as the Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond and the Green-Schwarz formulation. The full set of the equations of motion of the M-theory five-brane was first derived with the use of this approach.


Machine learning and neural networks have recently become hot topics in many research areas. They have already proved to be useful in the fields of medicine and biotechnology. In these areas, they ...


Habitat use may lead to variation in diversity among evolutionary lineages because habitats differ in the variety of ways they allow for species to make a living. Here, we show that structural habitats contribute to differential diversification of limb and body form in dragon lizards (Agamidae). Based on phylogenetic analysis and ancestral state reconstructions for 90 species, we find that multiple lineages have independently adopted each of four habitat use types: rock‐dwelling, terrestriality, semi‐arboreality and arboreality. Given these reconstructions, we fit models of evolution to species' morphological trait values and find that rock‐dwelling and arboreality limit diversification relative to terrestriality and semi‐arboreality. Models preferred by Akaike information criterion infer slower rates of size and shape evolution in lineages inferred to occupy rocks and trees, and model‐averaged rate estimates are slowest for these habitat types. These results suggest that ground‐dwelling facilitates ecomorphological differentiation and that use of trees or rocks impedes diversification.


Using either simple ferric salts or the preassembled (p-oxo)diiron(III) anion, (CI,FeOFeCI,) 2-, bridged binuclear complexes ((HB~z,)F~O(O~CR )~F~(HB~Z,)), R = H, CH,, C6H5 and HBpz3 = tri-1-pyrazolylborate ion, were prepared. X-ray crystallographic studies of the acetate and formate derivatives revealed a structure in which the two iron atoms are linked by a p-oxo and two p-carboxylato bridging ligands in a bioctahedral geometry in which the termini are capped by the tridentate tri-1-pyrazolylborate ligands. The geometry of the {Fe20(O2CR),) core of these compounds is nearly congruent with that found in the azidomet forms of the marine invertebrate oxygen transport proteins, hemerythrin and myohemerythrin. The (p-oxo)diiron(III) center is bent, with an average Fe-0 bond length of 1.783 (3) A and an average Fe-0-Fe angle of 124.6 (1)O. The vibrational modes of this center have been characterized by extensive Raman, resonance Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies of the model complexes and their I8O analogues. The latter were prepared by exchange with I80H2, which is a facile reaction. The asymmetric stretch (vas) occurs at 751 cm-l and is relatively weak. It underlies a strong HBpz3- ligand band and shifts under another such band (to 721 cm-I) in the lSO derivative. This behavior was mapped by difference FTIR spectroscopy. The symmetric stretch and deformation modes occur at 528 and 278 cm-I, respectively. These vibrational features as well as the magnetic exchange properties, ligand field bands in the optical spectrum (695 nm, e 70 MF;l cm-I; -990 nm, e 3.5 MF;l cm-I), and Mossbauer spectroscopic parameters (6 = 0.52 f 0.03 mm/s; AEq = 1.55 f 0.05 mm/s) are compared to those reported for met- and oxyhemerythrin as well as other proteins believed to contain (p-oxo)diiron(III) cores. Proton NMR investigations of (Fe20(02CCH,)2(HBpz3)2) and its deuterated analogues are reported in which the paramagnetically shifted acetate group methyl proton resonances are identified at -10.5 ppm. This assignment should facilitate location of the analogous resonance in the proteins. Cyclic voltammetric studies of ( FelO- (02CCH3)2(HBp~3)2) revealed an irreversible reduction accompanied by formation of mononuclear (Fe(HBpz,),), which itself undergoes a reversible one-electron oxidation. The instability of the (p-oxo)diiron(II) unit in the model compound parallels that of the reduced (deoxy) form of the protein. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on a SQUID susceptometer over the range 2.9 < T < 300 K revealed the diiron(II1) center of (Fe20(02CCH3)2(HBpz3)2) to be antiferromagnetically coupled with a spin exchange coupling constant J = -121 cm-I, a value close to that (-134 cm-') of methemerythrin.


Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore perspectives of transition and transition readiness of young adult patients (YAs) with sickle cell disease (SCD) who have transitioned to adult health care.

Methods
In all, 19 YAs with SCD (ages 18-30 years) participated in one of three focus groups and completed a brief questionnaire about transition topics. Transcripts were coded and emergent themes were examined using the social-ecological model of adolescent and young adult readiness for transition (SMART).

Results
Themes were consistent with most SMART components. Adult provider relationships and negative medical experiences emerged as salient factors. YAs ranked choosing an adult provider, seeking emergency care, understanding medications/medication adherence, knowing SCD complications, and being aware of the impact of health behaviors as the most important topics to include in transition programming.

Conclusions
The unique perspectives of YAs can inform the development and evaluation of SCD transition programming by incorporating the identified themes.


Internet of Things (IoT) promises to revolutionize the health-care sector through remote, continuous, and non-invasive monitoring of patients. An IoT platform for prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases using a Signal Quality Aware-IoT-enabled ECG telemetry system, intervals detection application has been presented that contains a Processing signal and alert physician for emergency through Android application. It is helpful for the physician to analysis the heart disease as easy and accurate. We are developing a continuous ECG monitoring system by which people can check their ECG signal even at their home, identify any problem in heart or identify cardiovascular diseases and alert the physician for emergency. The size of system is small and it requires less maintenance and operational cost.


Biological sex differences in morbidity upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection are linked to stronger interferon-centered immune responses in females, yet the regulatory role of sex hormone receptors in immune cell subsets is incompletely understood. Lung-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) express notably high levels of androgen receptors (AR). In IAV infection, ILC2s produce type 2 cytokines and facilitate tissue repair, but they also may be functionally suppressed by type 1 inflammation. Here we report sex differences in the magnitude of lung ILC2 functional suppression at the peak of sublethal IAV infection. Relative to males, ILC2s in female lungs showed attenuated proliferation, decreased propensity for IL-5 and amphiregulin production and reduced expression of GATA3 and IL-33R. Single cell RNA sequencing revealed sex-divergent transcriptomes, with female cells preferentially present in clusters of stressed, functionally suppressed ILC2s and male cells dominating in clusters of canonically activated ILC2s. Equivalent inflammatory cytokine levels and viral load suggested sex differences in ILC2-intrinsic factors. Indeed, naïve female ILC2s showed elevated IFNGR expression and higher phospho-STAT1 levels following IFNG stimulation, and lymphocyte-restricted STAT1 deficiency reversed IAV-induced suppression of female ILC2s. Lymphocyte-restricted AR deficiency or loss of androgens via orchiectomy led to increased IFNGR expression and suppression of male ILC2s. Collectively, these data show that ILC2-intrinsic AR activity regulates IFNGR-STAT1 signaling pathways to preserve canonical ILC2 function in males during IAV infection.
 Supported by grants from NIH (HL 119501) and the Presbyterian Health Foundation


A 2d3v Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) model was constructed for an Ar/N2 reactive gas mixture in a magnetron discharge. A titanium target was used, in order to study the sputter deposition of a TiNx thin film. Cathode currents and voltages were calculated self-consistently and compared with experiments. Also, ion fluxes to the cathode were calculated, which cause sputtering of the target. The sputtered atom fluxes from the target, and to the substrate were calculated, in order to visualize the deposition of the TiNx film.


'So far as I know', writes Mr. M. F. Smith at C.R. lxxviii (1965), 5, 'all modern scholars have rejected o£vr6po> [at Sophocles, Ant. 108].' At C.&. li (1957), 12 I defended this reading, and by an argument which I prefer to Smith's. Smith might have learned this by consulting either L'Annie philologique or H. Friis Johansen's valuable report on the literature on Sophocles published between 1939 and 1959 {Lustrum, 1962-7). Smith's neglect of my article may have prejudiced me against his other notes, but I find them unconvincing. At 155-9, many solutions are possible, and though the insertion of (fSaoiXtisy is one of them, it is not notably superior to several others. At 208 v, which Smith would keep, was kept also by Dain and Mazon; they may have felt, as he does, that 'it is dangerous to emend away a reading which has the support of all the manuscripts . . .'. But Jebb clearly stated the decisive point; 'after Trpoe'xeiv in this sense, the point of advantage was expressed by the dative'. At 223-4 Jt>b and Dain-Mazon also keep raxovs, so that though Smith is right, he is once more offering a view less novel than he supposes. Perhaps I have been unkind to Smith; but I have been so only because he has taken so little trouble to acquaint himself with previous treatments of his subject.


The ubiquity of mobile devices with global positioning functionality (e.g., GPS and Assisted GPS) and Internet connectivity (e.g., 3G and Wi-Fi) has resulted in widespread development of location-based services (LBS). Typical examples of LBS include local business search, e-marketing, social networking, and automotive traffic monitoring. Although LBS provide valuable services for mobile users, revealing their private locations to potentially untrusted LBS service providers pose privacy concerns. In general, there are two types of LBS, namely, snapshot and continuous LBS. For snapshot LBS, a mobile user only needs to report its current location to a service provider once to get its desired information. On the other hand, a mobile user has to report its location to a service provider in a periodic or on-demand manner to obtain its desired continuous LBS. Protecting user location privacy for continuous LBS is more challenging than snapshot LBS because adversaries may use the spatial and temporal correlations in the user's a sequence of location samples to infer the user's location information with a higher degree of certainty. Such user location trajectories are also very important for many applications, e.g., business analysis, city planning, and intelligent transportation. However, publishing original location trajectories to the public or a third party for data analysis could pose serious privacy concerns. Privacy protection in continuous LBS and trajectory data publication has increasingly drawn attention from the research community and industry. In this chapter, we describe the state-of-the-art privacy-preserving techniques for continuous LBS and trajectory publication. Chi-Yin Chow Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Mohamed F. Mokbel Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, MN, USA, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Feature selection plays a fundamental role in many pattern recognition problems. However, most efforts have been focused on the supervised scenario, while unsupervised feature selection remains as a rarely touched research topic. In this paper, we propose manifold-based maximum margin feature selection (M3FS) to select the most discriminative features for clustering. M3FS targets to find those features that would result in the maximal separation of different clusters and incorporates manifold information by enforcing smoothness constraint on the clustering function. Specifically, we define scale factor for each feature to measure its relevance to clustering, and irrelevant features are identified by assigning zero weights. Feature selection is then achieved by the sparsity constraints on scale factors. Computationally, M3FS is formulated as an integer programming problem and we propose a cutting plane algorithm to efficiently solve it. Experimental results on both toy and real-world data sets demonstrate its effectiveness.


Reaction of 3-thioxoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-one (1) with the diazo compounds 2a–i affords 4′-substituted spiro[17-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-3,2′-[1,3,4]thiadiazolines], which undergo a two-step ring contraction with extrusion of nitrogen and sulfur, leading to the substituted 3-methylen- and 3-propylidenandrosta-1,4-dien-17-ones 3a–i in good yields.


This paper considers the modeling of decision-making problems under uncertainty, indicating current gaps in knowledge and promising research directions. Technical details are omitted, and no attempt is made to review past work since excellent recent reviews are available. The discussion of research topics is divided into four categories: model formulation, modeling uncertainty, modeling preferences, and modeling competitive and group decisions. The primary focus is normative, although descriptive work that can be valuable from a normative perspective is included. The suggested research directions cover the entire spectrum from theory to application.

Subject Areas: Decision Analysis, Statistical Decision Theory, and Game Theory.


Drought is a recurring natural hazard in Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan.The objective of this study is to specify farmers' perception and understanding about prevalence and characteristics of drought, such as frequency, environmental hazards, and socio-economic impacts, and coping and mitigations strategies to be adopted for drought-proofing. A questionnaire, designed based on various earlier socioeconomic drought-related researches, was completed by 178 farming households. In addition, various water resource management agencies at the national level, water specialists, climate change experts, and agricultural engineers were also consulted. The results show that drought has brought about serious diverse economic impacts such as loss of employment, reduction in crop yield and livestock production which has worsened farmers' livelihood situation and subsequently weakened their economy. Social impacts reported migration, hopelessness and sense of loss, conflicts because of water scarcity, health impacts, and effects on schooling of children, malnutrition, and limited food preferences. Farmers reported widespread droughts brought about high extent environmental impacts such as increase in average temperature, pastureforest degradation, deteriorated water quality, damage to fish habitat-wild life, and groundwater depletion. Farmers use their local techniques and practices to lessen the drought effects and thus have adapted varieties of options, but results show that farmers' preparedness to adapt led to implementation of more reactive and indegenous adaptation measures because of low education, low income, and possibility of off-farm source of income. Although farmers are aware of drought impacts, they give less preference for adoption. The level of satisfaction of farmers from the government was almost zero as the government has not undertaken any notable relief measure yet. It is expected that this study will support policy makers within government, development agencies and communities in Afghanistan to develop drought adaptation policies.


Human Sequence Learning: Can Associations Explain Everything? Rainer Spiegel ( email@example.com ) University of Cambridge, Department of Experimental Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK IPL McLaren ( email@example.com ) University of Cambridge, Department of Experimental Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK Abstract It will be shown that whilst a popular connectionist model, the simple recurrent network (SRN) as introduced by Elman (1990), is a very good first approximation in modeling human sequence learning, it is not, in itself, sufficient. At CogSci 2000, all five papers referring to the SRN tried to provide evidence that it is an adequate model of human performance. We will take on a more moderate position. The results of a human experiment followed by a structured interview reveal that human se- quence learning is not always the kind of statistical proc- ess captured by the SRN alone. Introduction In cognitive science, there is an ongoing debate whether human learning should be modeled by the explicit use of rules or by figuring out statistical regularities. In addition, it has been emphasized that human learning consists of both rule and associatively- based processes (e.g. Jones & McLaren, 1999; McLaren et al. 1994). Perhaps the most popular connectionist model used to study sequence learning is the previously mentioned SRN developed by Elman, which has become ubiquitous in the literature (Cleeremans, 1993; Elman, 1990; Elman et al. 1996; McLeod et al. 1998). A diagram of the SRN is shown in Figure 1. The SRN is capable of learning any sequence, even sentences with hierarchical structure (McLeod et al. 1998). However, as will be seen later, this is not to be confused with learning to master any kind of sequential problem. Among other connectionist models, the SRN does not implement rules and therefore learns sequences in an associative way. Therefore, the results of the SRN should resemble human learning if humans also learn sequences associatively. In contrast, the results of the SRN might differ from human performance either if human sequence learning incorporates something more than an associative process, or if the associative mechanisms used in human sequence learning are not those employed in the SRN. In the SRN, the network receives input from the input units and is made to predict the next step of the se- quence at the output level. The SRN has connections from the hidden units to the so-called context units, which are exact copies of the hidden units one time step ago. All other connections in the network are adjust- able. The context units provide the SRN with a dynamic memory, i.e. depending on the sequence position, the very same inputs can result in different predictions of the network. Each time step, the network is trained by adjusting the weights on the connections according to the backpropagation learning algorithm (first introduced by Werbos, Le Cun, Amari, Parker and now most widely accessible in Rumelhart et al. 1986). The SRN with a supervised learning algorithm was chosen for this paper, because it was considered appropriate in modeling the human experiment (as will be seen later, the subjects in the human experiment received a signal if they had made an error and no signal if they had made the correct response). Output (predicts next input: t+1) weights 2 Hidden Units weights 1 Input at time t exact copy Context at time t-1 Figure 1: The simple recurrent network (SRN). The serial reaction time task (Nissen & Bullemer, 1987) is a particularly successful paradigm used to test human sequence learning. In this type of task, the subject sits in front of a screen on which one of a number of lights flashes on at different locations. The subject is asked to press the key below the flashing light as fast as possible and the reaction time of each response is measured. While the subjects are not informed about any sequence in the stimulus material, the lights flash in a particular order. Therefore, there is a contingency in the way that the preceding stimuli


Here, oxygen fluxes through an electronically short-circuited asymmetric Ag-YSZ|YSZ|LSM-YSZ hollow fiber prepared via a combined spinning and sintering route were tested and correlated to an explicit oxygen permeation model. The average oxygen permeation through such asymmetric hollow fiber with a 27 μm-thick YSZ dense layer reached 0.52 mL (STP) cm−2 min−1 at 1173 K. From the model results, we can obtain the characteristic thickness, the effects of the temperature, and the effect of He sweep gas flow rate to the individual step contribution. The oxygen partial pressure variation in the permeate side, the local oxygen flux, and the three different resistance distribution along the axial direction of the asymmetric hollow fiber are theoretically studied; providing guidelines to further improve the membrane performance for oxygen separation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Combining the reality of the exploration on humanistic quality education of medical students in our university in recent years,we propose that through setting up the system of "humanistic quality" as an elective course for the medical students,we project the pertinence and integrity of such education,and through strengthening the teaching administration of such elective courses and constructing the second classroom including background education and campus culture,we can further promote the humanistic quality education of medical students.


Cognitive radio is a promising technology to mitigate spectrum shortage in wireless communications. It enables secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically access low-occupanc y primary spectral bands as long as the primary user (PU) access is protected. Such a protection requirement is particularly challenging for multiple SUs over a potentially wide geographical area. In this paper, we study the fundamental limit on the throughput performance of cognitive networks under the constraint of packet collision probability with the PU. With perfect sensing, we develop an optimum spectrum access strateg y suitable under generic PU traffic. Without perfect sensing, we quantify the impact of missed detection and false alarm, and propose a modified threshold-based spectrum access strategy t ha achieves close-to-optimal performance. Moreover, we develop a nd evaluate a distributed access scheme that enables multiple SUs to collectively protect the PU while adapting to changes in PU activity patterns. Our results in this paper provide useful insight on the trade-off between the protection of the primary user and the throughput performance of cognitive radios.


. The administration of purchases debit side and he has to go toward their professionalization, if it is aspired to the differentiation and the success, starting from guaranteeing the appropriate quality of the acquired products for the satisfaction of the client, the opportune reception term and with the best relationship quality-price, becoming the potential area to reduce the costs and to increase the margins of income. For what in this work one has as objective to propose the Matrix Crossed Client-Product like a feasible tool for the taking of decisions in the current context of the Cuban companies. For they were used it theoretical methods as they are: analysis and synthesis as well as that of induction and of deduction, while they were also used tools like the Diagram of Pareto and the Matrix Crossed Client-Product which facilitated the whole analysis, understanding and development of the knowledge on the thematic one treated.


Over the life of a project, numerous output and data requests, which are not part of the SAP process, are made from people outside the statistics department. A process that defines and allows statisticians to track these additional requests is essential for quality assurance, project management and documentation. Roche Products Ltd has a defined process for Additional Requests and this paper highlights how a tool, using Excel and Word, manages the different aspects of the process.


To provide suggestions for China on gaining the rights and interests about Arctic route,based on the proposed concept of geopolitical framework of Arctic route and the study of its development trend,three geopolitics frameworks of Arctic route are predicted by using the theory of energy landscape and simulation method.This method can provide scientific study method and theoretical support for China to gain the rights and interests about Arctic route.


This thesis deals with the metastable decay and the surface scattering induced fragmentation in the hyperthermal energy range of relatively weakly bound molecular cluster cations. With (CO)n and (CO2)n two related model systems were chosen for a systematic size dependent study. Surface impact experiments were carried out with stainless steel and SiO2 covered Si(100) surfaces. Results were obtained by a new, compact reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Re-TOFMS). Additional to the experimental data we present in this work a detailed description of the instrumental design considerations, numerical optimization, ion optical simulations and construction. We discuss mass resolution and resolution limiting effects in Re-TOFMS. Hence each ion optical component like electron guns, accelerator, deflector, mass gate and reflectron are described in detail. Numerical optimization and ion optical simulations were used to develop a compact instrument with high resolving power and mass selection capability. Despite the compact dimensions with a total flight length of ≈ 1.5 m the developed instrument possesses a high mass resolution above m/∆m = 3000. Additionally it offers the possibility to perform mass separation of big cluster ions with sizes n ≤ 190. As a result mass-selected cluster ions can be studied for metastable decay channels and for interactions with surfaces. As a model system small carbon dioxide cluster ions (CO2)n with n ≤ 15 were mass selected and collided with the stainless steel surface backplane of the reflectron collider. In that case the reflectron collider was utilized as an energy analyzer. Metastable decay channels and the origin of fragmentation products were determined by kinetic energy analysis. Comparable measurements with small carbon monoxide cluster ions (CO)n with n ≤ 40 impacted on a stainless steel surface and SiO2 covered Si(100) silicon surface were performed, too. For the cluster ions of both molecules no evidence for shattering was observed even for relatively high collision energies Ei ≥ 500 eV. In the case of both cluster types metastable decay via unimolecular dissociation was observed for the electron ionization or impact heated parent cluster.


With the development of materials, intelligent materials have the functions of sensing, controlling and driving objects, self-adaptive repair and so on, so they have been widely used. Silk fibroin fiber is a kind of natural protein, which is formed by silk degumming, insoluble in water, and can be decomposed gradually in alkaline solution without irritation and side effects, so it has a good prospect of biological application. The silk fibroin film was mixed with graphene composites, and the intelligent materials for functional response were prepared by means of the excellent optical and thermal properties of graphene. The biaxially oriented polypropylene film (BOPP) / silk fibroin bilayer composite film was prepared by the simple composite method, which showed good thermal response bending deformation properties. The graphene solution was dripped on one side of the fibroin film by a dripping method. After low-temperature drying, the final BOPP/SF/RGO/PEDOT:PSS composite film was prepared by adding a layer of poly (3meme 4-ethylenedioxythiophene / polystyrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The flexible film driver was prepared, which can respond to multiple stimuli under light, heat and humidity.


Geotropism.-GROTTIXN22 finds that by the use of proper concentrations of amyl alcohol and other anesthetics it is possible to stop geotropic response in horizontally placed roots without entirely stopping growth. He believes he has shown that anesthetics may abrogate the power of perception without entirely eliminating the power of reaction. He finds that certain concentrations of the anesthetics accelerate growth, as has been shown by several other investigators. He finds likewise much evidence, though not entirely conclusive, that concentrations which greatly stimulate growth also shorten reaction time. The same author has repeated all of CZAPEK's experiments on the change of metabolism due to geotropic stimulation. As is well known, CZAPEK claims that geotropically stimulated root tips show a greater percentage of homogentisic acid than unstimulated ones, and that the accumulation is due to the development of an antienzyme which stops the action of the enzyme which carries on the further metabolism of the acid. Several authors have already shown that CZAPEK'S method of detecting the acid are not at all reliable, and even that neither tyrosin from which the acid is derived nor the acid itself is present in the root (geotropically stimulated or not) in detectable quantities. GROTTIXN finds that even CZAPEK'S inadequate methods do not give, on the average, any difference between stimulated and unstimulated roots. It seems then that CZAPEK'S methods do not indicate any change in the metabolic products due to geotropic stimulation, much less the accumulation of homogentisic acid.-WILLIAM CROCKER. In i908 BLAAUW determined that in stimulation by light the presentation time is inversely proportional to the intensity of the light used. The suggestion that the same would be found true with the effective force in stimulation by gravitational and centrifugal acceleration has been tested by Miss C. J. PEKELHARING, who reports23 that she has established this relation for the same plant under identical conditions with continuous stimulation. This completes the proof that with both sorts of stimuli and with both continuous and intermittent application, the product of the presentation time and the force of the stimulus is a constant. The validity of WEBER'S law for geotropic curvatures is questioned, and FITTING'S experiments on this point are considered inconclusive. By testing the action of gravity and light together, it appeared that the mode of perception of the two is not the same. There was not the least evidence that positive or negative reaction to gravity could be obtained by increasing or decreasing the strength of the stimulus. One of the most striking results of the investigation has been emphasized by WENT (under whose direction it was conducted) in a separate


blood flow to the kidneys. The kidneys then try to increase blood volume by retaining sodium and water, causing an increase in preload. This also affects the blood flow to the liver, causing passive congestion," The patient then developed an "inability to void,'? necessitating a Foley catheter and the cystoscopic examination. Finally, the patient was started on trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) 160 mg/8oo mg q l2h. In summary of the preceding data, prior to the gentamicin therapy, this patient had a prerenal risk for nephrotoxicity (CHF), three separate renal toxic risks (preexisting renal dysfunction, furosemide.' and TMP/ SMX2.6), and a defined postrenal event that required specific treatment (obstruction). Weir and Mazumdar also state that "a prospective study of hospitalacquired acute renal failure (ARF) revealed that in 11 percent of 2116 patients, ARF was probably related to aminoglycosides."! This is an error in interpretation of the article by Hou et al.?This article states that of 2262 consecutive medical and surgical patients, only 4.9 percent of the population developed renal insufficiency. Of the 129 episodes of decreased renal function, only 9 episodes were related to aminoglycosides. This equates to 7 percent of all patients who develop nephrotoxicity, from all causes, that was attributable to aminoglycosides. Further, only I patient in the aminoglycoside group died (II percent). The percentage of the total population that developed aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity was 0.4. The choice of agent for surgical prophylaxis used in this patient could also be questioned. Page et al. suggest that cefazolin 1 g be used prior to cystoscopy," The American Society of Hospital Pharmacists Commission on Therapeutics recommends that either cefazolin or TMP/SMX be given prior to cystoscopy.' Neither reference suggests gentamicin for the procedure. Weir and Mazumdar publish what pharmacists are working to prevent. Gentamicin was given to the wrong patient at the wrong time, and an adverse event occurred. This is not so much a case of aminoglycoside toxicity as it is a predictable case of protoplasm failure. One of the contributions pharmacists should make to the healthcare team is the ability to keep an obviously inappropriate drug away from an obviously compromised patient. Had this happened in this case, the patient possibly could have been saved at least 12 hospital days, as well as further insult to already weakened kidneys.


The proposed circuit improves the frequency response, power dissipation and supply range of the KHN biquadratic circuit. It uses a minimum number of Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs) to achieve the same. The various parameters namely center frequency, dc gain, Bandwidth, Power Dissipation and Quality factor are all electronically tunable. Simulations are included to verify the analysis.


The primary purposes of this study are to identify the characteristics of modeling a rater training program and to develop an efficient training model...


The article expounds the development trend and research progress of biological pesticides at home and abroad and the demand for them in economic and social development and also proposes some countermeasures to develop biological pesticides in China.


In order to explore the characteristics of sulfate corrosion resistance of airport pavement base in northwest saline soil area,the experiments of sulfate erode cement stabilized sand gravel and salt heaving to soil are conducted. The result shows that( 1) as the sulfate content increases,taking 0. 3% as the limit,the unconfined compressive strength of cement stabilized sand gravel increases first and then decreases,the frost heaving force of soil increases alone with dry density;( 2) as the sulfate content increases,the frost heaving force of soil increases slow and then faster when the content of sulfate is less than 1%;( 3) the salt frost heaving force reached the maximum when the water content is optimal. Some measures such as restricting the sulfate go up to the bottom of pavement through capillarity and control the content of sulfate in bed course and base course,increase the erosion-resisting characteristics of cement concrete is not advocated.


The object of this work is to present the concept of a composite material which consists of many closely packed tapered microrods. The material is intended to be used for ultrasonic transducer matching and fabricated using photolithographic methods. We find that for appropriate microrod diameter and taper, relative to the wavelength, the tapered microrod has a smooth continuous transition in its acoustic impedance. Further for the structures that seem most easily fabricated importantly this includes impedance in the range 3 to 10 MRayl, where there is no useful alternative solid. Wave propagation in the microstructure has been studied with PZFlex finite element modeling and this work shows that when an appropriate taper has been selected that energy transferred is dominated by a single mode. The reflection property of the composite has also been investigated and this data is compared with that for single and dual conventional quarter wave matching layers. It is found that the tapered microrod can provide matching over a very broad frequency range. Unlike loaded epoxy implicitly there is no wave scattering.


Background and purpose: Up to now various methods has been considered for removing heavy metals such as pb from aqueous solution including using agricultural wastes as low cost adsorbent. The purpose of this study was efficiency evaluation of natural (crude) and citric acid modified rice straw for removal of pb from aqueous solutions. Materials and methods: This study was performed at laboratory scale and batch system. We studied the influence of process variables such as pH, contact time, pb concentration and adsorbent dosage. Data from equilibrium study were modeled using isotherm and kinetic models. The concentration of pb was measured by atomic adsorption. Data was then analyzed using ANOVA test. Results: Experimental results showed that the optimum pH and equilibrium time for pb by natural and modified rice straw was 6 and 120 minute, respectively. Removal of pb increased in both adsorbent dosages by increase in pb concentration up to 10 mg/l and increasing the dosage of adsorbents. Adsorption isotherm fitted Temkin model but adsorption kinetic followed pseudo second order. The efficiency of natural rice straw and modified rice straw in removal of pb was 85 and 99%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, rice straw especially the modified one could be used as a suitable, low cost and efficient adsorbent for removal of pb from aqueous solutions.


Dear Editor, Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women and surgical management remains a key component of treatment and cure [1]. However, the surgical procedure is often associated with varying degrees of postoperative pain. Approximately 60% of women after breast cancer surgery complain of severe acute pain [2]. In addition, failure to manage acute postoperative pain may lead to the development of chronic pain which may be persistent for years [3, 4]. As chronic persistent pain arises in approximately 50% of patients after breast cancer surgery [5], it is therefore necessary to explore efficacious techniques that can reduce postoperative pain for such patients. The innervation of the skin and gland of the breasts is supplied mainly by the T2-T6 spinal nerves. In addition, branches of the brachial plexus, including the long thoracic nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, medial pectoral nerve, and lateral pectoral nerve, are also involved in conveying sensation to the breasts and axillary region [6]. Therefore, to provide complete postoperative analgesia for breast cancer surgery, it is necessary to theoretically block the ten spinal nerve dermatomes from vertebral C5 to T6. Various regional techniques have been widely used to decrease postoperative pain after breast cancer surgery, including epidural, paravertebral, and intercostal blocks. However, an optimal method has not yet been defined and each of these blocks has some drawbacks. The epidural block involves unnecessary contralateral block, epidural hematoma, abscess, and dural puncture. The paravertebral block can achieve a perfect analgesic effect but it may cause pneumothorax and is difficult to implement. The intercostal nerve block is easy to perform but needs to be implemented in multiple segments.


According to the requirements of motor vibration detection,a high-speed,reliable,portable equipment for motor vibration detection was designed based on USB interface.The overall design of the instrumentation,including hardware design and software design were introduced in detail.


The present status of uterine cervical incompetence and associated risk factors, are analyzed. Transvaginal ultrasonography allowed the documentation that the funnelization and the distal shortage of the uterine cervix, are strong predictors for preterm delivery. Cervical cerclage has been proposed as a suitable therapeutic indicator, in those pregnants presenting with these changes during the second trimester. The different approaches related to the surgical technique, to the opportunity of the operation and the controversies about the efficacy in front to the more recent reports of the literature. Also our experience with the follow-up with transvaginal ultrasonography in patients already submitted to cervical cerclage.


This paper proposes a decision making software for customer to get information about monthly cost include credit interest and installment. This software can complete decision making tools in Industrial Engineering laboratory. This Research is established with system planning and modelling. Finally, it can be concluded that credit and investment analysis software is very useful to solve engineering economic problem.

Keywords: software, decision making, investment credit


This study aims at investigating the differences in the use of language-learning strategies(LLS) and the correlations between English language learning strategies and TEM2 scores of 30 high-score group and 30 low-score group of English majors.Statistical analysis indicates that significant differences of cognitive strategy and affective strategies exist between the two groups and TEM2 scores are correlated with affective strategy,indicating that the use of strategies does have an impact on foreign language learning achievements.


This paper applies a relational approach to the study of port-city interfaces. Such approach allows us
to analyse how actors are connected, transact and assign meaning and value to local development.
Much of the literature and studies on the port-city interface have primarily focussed on late 20thcentury
transformation processes at the urban waterfront. This fails to appreciate the often continued
presence of port activity within cities and falls short in understanding how development agendas of
port cities are relationally constituted. In this paper, we develop the hypothesis that the port-city
interface is not a closed system, but a relational construct through which heterogeneous flows of
actors, assets and structures coalesce and take place. Using this perspective, a conceptual framework
capable of categorizing different relational port-city interfaces is presented and applied in a schematic
way to the port cities of Ghent, Belgium, and Amsterdam, the Netherlands. By mapping the relational
geometries of these port cities, our results show how both public and private actors through
networking strategically relate in different ways, across different territorial scales, within different
institutionalised structures and between different economic sectors. Analysing the relational
geometries provide us with examples of different dynamic actor-relational interplays and how this
results in particular development trajectories. Eventually, our approach questions the perceived
geographical dichotomy between port and city. This paper ends with a discussion about the value of
relational geography to an understanding of the diversity of port-cities.


Opening words from rector of University of Akureyri, Stefan B. Sigurðsson. UNAK hosted the 6th NRF Open Assembly in Hveragerði Iceland, 4. - 6. September 2011. Please click on the URL below to see the video. Recorded by Arctic Portal.


In this paper, I propose a joint liability mechanism in microcredit. It is based on an income redistribution scheme among peers. In case of risk neutral agents, it does not affect expected utilities, whereas it increases social welfare in egalitarian terms. Assuming the observability of outputs, but private efforts, it is able to yield the equilibrium eliminating moral hazard problem in case of costly effort. Since it acts as an income smoothing mechanism, it also improves individual utilities when borrowers are risk averse. Extending the environment to a two-period world with market and reinvestment opportunities, it creates a new credit channel and increases expected utilities. Despite the fact that social network is the key in microlending, there is a lack of theoretical papers which applies network tools into microfinance. To address this gap, I finally incorporate network approach into the mechanism considering the role of key players in social network. Under the presence of the redistribution mechanism, if microlending penetrates to key players in the network, people who are not eligible for microcredit due to their positions in social network may have an access to credit. While doing so, this mechanism also increases utilities of existing peers, and hence welfare increases in both individual and social levels. This paper hence produces policy recommendation illustrating that 'true' mechanisms may improve welfare for specific network structures.


Former hop sack, into which dry moistened hops are pressed, is a cylinder shaped of 0.6 m in diameter and 2 m high. Recently there has been a tendency to abandon hop sacks and prefer the automated pressing of hops into a bale (Fig. 1) sized 0.6 × 0.6 × 1.2 m (http:// chmelarstvi-zavodmechanizace.cz/EN/hranolovy-lis. html). The main advantage of a bale compared to a sack is the maximum utilization of space both for transport and storage. Another advantage is a smaller volume of stored hops. A hop sack is pressed for a weight of approximately 60 kg, which at a volume of 0.635 m3 corresponds to a specific weight of 94.5 kg m–3. The bale is pressed for a weight of 50 kg and at a volume of 0.43 m3 it gives a specific weight of 115.7 kg m3 of baled hops. Because of a higher specific weight, by 22% compared to a sack, there is a higher risk of mustiness for hops moistened by an air-conditioning line. After baling hops with a high moisture, the temperature relatively quickly increases and the surface cone moisture rises, an effect that is denoted as cone mustiness (R y b á č e k et al., 1980). This process even more aggravates cone damage, which is high at a mechanized harvest. Drying and moistening of hops is in most cases carried out automatically, which complicates measuring the actual hop moisture (R o s s b a u e r et al., 2003). At a high water content (15% and more) there arises a danger of rendering the hops worthless by becoming musty and in bigger volumes there is even a hazard of spontaneous ignition (K r o f t a , 2008). The temperature and moisture of too moist stored hops increase compared to loose hops. This is due to an increased intensity of hop cone breathing, release of H2O and CO2, and impossibility of the released energy outlet (Ve n t , 2012). An increased breathing intensity causes hop cones to lose important brewing substances, thus decreasing the quality of the final product. Besides, consumption of oxygen, which when lacking is gained intramolecularly through decomposition of organic substances, increases (Ve n t et al., 1963). S k i n n e r et al. (1977) states that a decrease in the content of important brewing substances depends on storage time, amount of present air, and variety. According to V i r a n t et al. (2003) the brewing quality of hops after storage is influenced


The objectives of this study were to obtain age estimates and describe growth for two sciaenid fish species, red drum Sciaenops ocellatus and black drum Pogonias cromis. in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Age estimates were made using annulus counts in transverse sections of otoliths (inner ear bones). Aging techniques were validated for juvenile red drum by imparting oxytetracycline into otoliths as a time marker. Recaptures validated that annuli were deposited in otoliths yearly up to 2.5 years age, with the first annulus formed in the second winter at 1-1.5 years age. Age estimates for remaining age classes of red drum and all age classes of black drum were validated by marginal increment analysis, following the progression of annulus formation throughout the year. Analyses indicated that annuli were formed yearly during winter-spring months for red drum and black drum at all ages. There was low variability in age estimates made independently by two or three readers for each fish. Age estimates ranged from one to thirty-seven years for red drum, and one to forty-three years for black drum. Both species grew rapidly until approximate age at maturity, followed by a significant decrease in growth rates. Red drum adult females exhibited faster growth and attained larger sizes than males, while differences in black drum growth between sexes were not apparent. The majority of red drum and black drum from schools of primarily mature fish were greater than nine to ten years old. Relative yearclass strengths were determined based on year-of-birth distributions back-calculated from age estimates. Dominant year classes for red drum were born 1971-1974, and the 1975-1977 year classes were relatively reduced in abundance. There was a significant negative correlation of


This chapter describes the technique and various embryoscopic findings in cases of early intrauterine death. Embryoscopy is a stepwise investigation. The steps have to be performed cautiously in order to avoid bleeding that would obscure the examiner's vision. A comprehensive examination of the conceptus includes visualization of the head, face, dorsal and ventral walls, limbs and umbilical cord. Transcervical embryoscopy permits selective and reliable sampling of chorionic tissues with minimal potential for maternal contamination. Localized developmental defects may be isolated or combined. They are similar to the malformations seen in fetuses and newborns. Embryoscopy should be offered to a patient when a reliable cytogenetic evaluation of the abortus is indicated. Loss of pregnancy may be due to maternal or fetal factors. Embryonic growth disorganization possibly resulting from an aneuploidy/polyploidy suggests that there may be a genetic cause which cannot be identified by current cytogenetic techniques.


As well as mass and microcalcification, architectural distortion is a very important finding for the early detection of breast cancer via mammograms, and such distortions can be classified into three typical types: spiculation, retraction, and distortion. The purpose of this work is to develop an automatic method for detecting areas of architectural distortion with spiculation. The suspect areas are detected by concentration indexes of line-structures extracted by using mean curvature. After that, discrimination analysis of nine features is employed for the classifications of true and false positives. The employed features are the size, the mean pixel value, the mean concentration index, the mean isotropic index, the contrast, and four other features based on the power spectrum. As a result of this work, the accuracy of the classification was 76% and the sensitivity was 80% with 0.9 false positives per image in our database in regard to spiculation. It was concluded that our method was effective in detectiong the area of architectural distortion; however, some architectural distortions were not detected accurately because of the size, the density, or the different appearance of the distorted areas.


We investigate the confinement-Coulomb phase transition in the four-dimensional (4D) pure compact U(1) gauge theory on spherical lattices. The action contains the Wilson coupling {beta} and the double-charge coupling {gamma}. The lattice is obtained from the 4D surface of the 5D cubic lattice by its radial projection onto a 4D sphere, and made homogeneous by means of appropriate weight factors for individual plaquette contributions to the action. On such lattices the two-state signal, impeding the studies of this theory on toroidal lattices, is absent for {gamma}{le}0. Furthermore, here a consistent finite-size scaling behavior of several bulk observables is found, with the correlation length exponent {nu} in the range {nu}=0.35{minus}0.40. These observables include Fisher zeros, specific-heat, and cumulant extrema as well as pseudocritical values of {beta} at fixed {gamma}. The most reliable determination of {nu} by means of the Fisher zeros gives {nu}=0.365(8). The phase transition at {gamma}{le}0 is thus very probably of second order and belongs to the universality class of a non-Gaussian fixed point. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Objective
To compare remifentanil-propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) with sufentanil-propofol TCI for sedation and analgesia in the patients undergoing local anesthesia.

Methods
Sixty patients, aged 17-54 yr, with body mass index <30 kg/m2, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under local anesthesia, were equally and randomly divided into remifentanil group (group R) and sufentanil group (group S) by using a random number table.Remifentanil (the initial target plasma concentration 1.0 ng/ml) and propofol (the initial target plasma concentration 1.0 μg/ml) were given by TCI in group R. Sufentanil (the initial target plasma concentration 0.10 ng/ml) and propofol (the initial target plasma concentration 1.0 μg/ml) were given by TCI in group S. The target plasma concentration was adjusted to maintain the modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale score of 2 or 3.The occurrence of pain responses, hypoxemia, bradypnea and/or apnea was recorded during operation.The total amount of propofol consumed was calculated.

Results
There was no significant difference in the incidence of pain response, hypoxemia, bradypnea and/or apnea, and total amount of propofol consumed between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Remifentanil-propofol TCI provides similar sedative and analgesic efficacy to that achieved by sufentanil-propofol TCI in the patients undergoing local anesthesia.

Key words:
Analgesics, opioid; Propofol; Drug delivery systems; Conscious sedation; Analgesia


The prevalence of congestive heart failure sufferers in Indonesia is very high and is expected to continue to increase every year. Heart failure conditions and other manifestations cause a decrease in the quality of life due to the patient's inability to perform self-care properly. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-care ability and the quality of life of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) in cardiac outpatient unit Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province. This research was conducted on 64 respondents which by purposive sampling technique. Methode of this research was descriptive correlative with cross-sectional disign. The instrument of this research is the Self Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) questionnaire to measure self-care ability and  Minnesota  Living  with  Heart  Failure  Questionnaire (MLHFQ)  questionnaire  to measure quality of life. The results of this study indicate that the respondent's self-care ability is balanced by good and bad as many as 32 respondents (50.0%)   and the quality of life of the majority is bad as many as 39 respondents (60.9%). Based on the chi square test it can be concluded that p value= 0.01 (<0.05) means that there is a significant relationship between self-care ability and the quality of life of people with congestive heart failure (CHF). The recommendation for further research is to study about the factors that influence self-care ability and quality of life in patients with congestive heart failure.


Organoid-based research has made significant discoveries and contributions to our understanding of human organ function in both health and disease. To continue making progress, it is crucial to acknowledge the crucial role of the immune system in all organs. Various immune cells, such as macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils, are resident in almost all human tissues and play essential roles in organ homeostasis, function, and disease. Using diverse methods, researchers have begun integrating immune cells into organoid models, leading to more physiologically relevant models that better represent various aspects of human disease. These methods range from immune cell injection to co-culture and tissue expansion with existing immune cells. Immune cells can be sourced from mature patients or generated from stem cells as immature immune cells. The successful incorporation of immune cells into organoids will enhance our understanding of organ function and provide a more accurate approximation of human disease.


Food security has gained international attention in recent years and Nigeria, with its abundant human and natural resources, is not exempted from this, as improving food security requires a strong focus on agricultural development. Innovations like precision agriculture tools and other advancements in modern agriculture provide farmers worldwide with the tools and expertise to improve workers' productivity in the agricultural sector and combat food insecurity.  This paper examined the state of food security in Nigeria and how precision agriculture enhances workers' productivity in Nigeria. The study adopted a systematic review of relevant literature on the various issues addressed in the research. The paper revealed that there is a high level of food insecurity in Nigeria, with estimates of more than 65% of the Nigerian population being food insecure, and the average productivity of Nigerian farmers is several times lower compared to farmers in a developed economy. The study revealed that precision agriculture boosts workers' productivity by utilizing cutting-edge sensor and analysis techniques, increasing agricultural yields, and assisting management decisions which boost output, shorten labor hours, and guarantee efficient control of irrigation and fertilizer systems. Therefore, the paper recommends that Nigeria's farming sector incorporate precision agriculture equipment and technology, including drones, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence tools. Additionally, workers must be trained to use these innovative instruments and procedures to boost worker productivity and improve food security.


Seven compounds were isolated from Swertia bifolia Batal.Their structures are identified by spectral method as 1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (Ⅰ),1-lydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthone (Ⅱ),1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone(Ⅲ),1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone(Ⅳ),1,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone(Ⅴ),β-sitosterol(Ⅵ) and β-daucosterol(Ⅶ).


Kohjiro Ueki, David A. Fruman, Claudine M. Yballe, Mathias Fasshauer, Johannes Klein, Tomoichiro Asano, Lewis C. Cantley, and C. Ronald Kahn This article has been withdrawn by the authors. In many of the experiments reported in this study, cells from mice of four genotypes were used (wild-type, p85 / , p85 / , and p85 / ), but data from only three of the genotypes (wild-type, p85 / , and p85 / ) were included in the final paper. As a result, there was splicing of the figures of several autoradiograms, which led to several duplicated or mislabeled lanes in the Western blots in Figs. 2B, 3C, and 5B. Although the experimental data generated in the lab from the same time period support the original conclusions of the study, and the studies by this lab and others have confirmed and extended the conclusions of the manuscript, in the interest of maintaining accuracy in the published scientific literature and because the initial figures were not up to the standards of JBC, the authors wish to withdraw this article. The authors apologize for these errors. THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 292, NO. 13, p. 5608, March 31, 2017 © 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Published in the U.S.A.


Recent research in the field of chronic pain has highlighted the importance of the assessment of psychological factors as part of the overall assessment of chronic pain patients. Psychological factors come into play not only in the genesis of the chronic pain syndrome but also in the kind of behaviour displayed by the sufferer in obtaining or not obtaining the kind of help he thinks he needs. The psychological meaning of pain on the intra-personal level and the societal response to those who complain of pain (the inter-personal response) can greatly affect the way people respond to and develop into chronic pain sufferers. Psychiatrists and psychologists have also contributed to the classification and more refined diagnosis of chronic pain syndromes


The disaster of ground fissures is a kind of extremely destructive and regional geological disaster. The characteristics of the ground fissures spatial data is multi-source, heterogeneous and big data. This paper put forward the key integration method of the ground fissures spatial data. It can not only improve the accuracy, timeliness and scientificity of multi-source and heterogeneous ground fissures information query and acquisition, but also can better share and overall management of the ground fissures data. Introduction The disaster of ground fissures [1] is a kind of extremely destructive and regional geological disaster. At present, there has been a large-scale phenomenon of ground fissures in all parts of the world (China, USA, Ethiopia, etc.). It is mainly through various exploration methods to monitor and research the ground fissures. Therefore, the data of ground fissures is obtained in various ways, and its data format also has its own characteristics. How to integrate and update the multi-source and heterogeneous spatial data of the ground fissures efficiently for meeting the requirement of the spatial data will become a key technical problem to be solved. Characteristics of Ground Fissures Data Factors affecting of the ground fissures disaster are complex and varied. We use a variety of exploration methods to monitor ground fissures. Therefore, the data of ground fissures disaster has many characteristics such as multi-source, heterogeneous and huge amounts, etc. Multi-source Multi-source means the ground fissures have multiple data sources. The main way is geological exploration to obtain the data source of the ground fissures, thus lead to the data in the storage format, dimensions (different scale, resolution, etc.), expression (such as paper and electronic format, charts, etc.) and so on are also diverse. Therefore, it is necessary to develop interfaces for each type of data and database to establish normalized standards to integrate multi-source ground fissures monitoring data. Heterogeneous Heterogeneous (Heterogeneous) refers to the diverse and inconsistent data structures of the ground fissures. There have some reasons are difficult to integrate the data of the ground fissures: first, lack of industry data specification of geological disasters; second, the ground fissures data structure set by the respective exploration units themselves; third, no unified data dictionary; etc. All these are important reasons why the ground fissures data is difficult to integrate. Big Data Big Data refers to the ground fissures disaster monitoring data is very huge. We have obtained a large amount of exploration data including the data of the surface earth (mainly coming from the remote sensing image , geological map and topographic map) and able to locate characterization of the relief situation in the study area, the information such as the ground fissures azimuth direction; the underground spatial data can represent the three-dimensional coordinate information of the


This article describes the problem of practical knowledge lack in modern education system and gives the solution of the problem by creating the laboratory for the scale models production. This laboratory allows to create all 110 kV, 220 kV and 500 kV power equipment in all generally accepted scales. Low price of such scale models makes the product available for students of any educational institutions.


> HE low relative availability to plants of rock phosJ. phate when compared to more soluble phosphates has been the cause of much investigation in attempts to determine the reasons for this low availability. Other studies have been made to determine what pretreatments might increase rock phosphate availability. The present report is concerned with field and laboratory studies made in an effort to determine the fate of phosphorus applied to the soil in rock and superphosphate.


We consider the equationut=uxx+uγ W forx on a finite interval, with Dirichlet boundary conditions. W is spacetime white noise. The initial condition is continuous and nonnegative. We show existence and uniqueness for all time, provided 1 ≧γ<3/2.


A two-component asphalt-extended urethane membrane was developed which satisfies the requirements demanded of a waterproofing membrane for protecting reinforcing steel in concrete bridge decks from corrosion. A technique for application of the membrane is described which essentially eliminates blister formation.


We present an experimental and theoretical study of the F-2(5/2) -> F-2(7/2) M1 transition in Ag-like W (W27+). The experiments employed the Shanghai permanent magnet electron beam ion trap, which has been developed especially for assisting spectroscopic diagnostics of edge plasmas for magnetic fusion devices. The theoretical value was obtained using the GRASP2K set of computer codes and included a comprehensive correlation study. The experimental M1 wavelength was measured as 3377.43 +/- 0.26 angstrom (3378.43 angstrom vacuum wavelength), whereas the calculated wavelength is in good agreement at 3381.80 angstrom. This good agreement shows the importance of fully understanding the electron correlation effects to predict the energy of the fine structure even in this, for tungsten, relatively simple case. (Less)


Vietnam has attracted a large amount of foreign investment in recent years, and even more foreign products are imported. Foreign companies operating in this rapidly developing market have a huge need for reliable marketing information, and the marketing research industry has taken off since 1992. There are only a few full-service type research suppliers, all foreign, but there are over 30 suppliers of various specialized services. Many suppliers are local, with some of their own clients, but also subcontracting with foreign research suppliers for local fieldwork.To local companies, marketing research usually means simply calling up connections and asking them for their opinion, or talking to one's distributors. They use such information for background knowledge, not for decisions about marketing. Foreign companies are leading the development of demand for modern marketing research. They conduct or commission modern marketing research projects, and they use the results to help them decide how to structure their marketing activities.On both the supply and demand side then, the rapid growth of the marketing research industry is currently being driven by foreign companies. However, some local companies are learning fast, and certainly all of the local employees in foreign and joint venture companies have absorbed the concepts of using and doing modern marketing research. The industry looks set to continue its rapid growth and broaden its base in the years immediately ahead.


: Metal halide perovskites are currently among the most promising materials to reshape our renewable energy future through photovoltaics. Nevertheless, they are also among the more complicated materials to understand and to engineer functional photovoltaics devices from. Their current performance e ffi ciencies have not reached the highest predicted value of 30.06%. Many e ff orts have been dedicated to developing MHP materials, while fewer e ff orts were directed to understand and engineer the interfaces and interfacial properties in MHPs. Recently, the understanding and engineering of interfacial properties in MHPs have become a hot topic due to the vital role of interfaces, especially carrier dynamics, on device stability and e ffi ciency. This perspective highlights the importance of focusing research on interfaces and interfacial carrier dynamics in metal halide perovskites. After introducing current challenges in MHPs interfaces and interfacial engineering, we provide a perspective on the contribution that di ff erent time-resolved laser spectroscopies add to the growing fi eld of perovskite photovoltaics.


In the paper the question is about A.V.Disterveg's definition of nature and pathes of realization of a principle of amateur performance of the child during learning. It is argued, that this principle has formed the establishment for development by the scientist of system of the purposes, problems, the contents of the theory of educing learning, definition age периодизации and concrete definitions of didactic rules of A.V.Disterveg. In education and learning by the major there is a subjective beginning. All pedagogical process, for A.V.Disterveg, should submit to education of the pupil, his development and self-realization.


Abstract : In recent years changes in cannon ammunition have led to the occurence of a wear (erosion) maxima downbore from the origin of rifling. Conventional inspection equipment is not adequate to obtain the necessary data for the study and evaluation of this wear progression. New inspection equipment has been developed for the 105mm., M68 gun tube which will provide the necessary data for use in the study and evaluation of erosion and its effect on cannon tube serviceability. (Author)


Wound infection is one of the major health issues that are caused and provoked by the incursion of pathogenic microorganisms. Information on intrinsic pathogens and sensitivity to antimicrobial agents and topical agents is crucial for successful treatment of various types of surgical wounds. The main objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from postoperative wound infection and their sensitivity towards antibiotics. Here in this study, the resistance patterns are highlighted. Pus swabs and aspirates were collected from 108 patients where standard bacteriological procedures were followed to identify the bacterial etiology. To confirm the isolates, morphological, microscopical and biochemical procedures followed. Further, it was extended to analyze the presence of resistant patterns against various antibiotics. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram negative bacteria showed higher resistance against the antibiotics, including ceftriaxone, cotrimaxazole, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. Gram positive bacterial isolates, maximum resistant pattern observed in ampicillin, cotrimaxazole, erythromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and oxacillin. In conclusion, it is highlighted that gram negative bacterial isolates against nine antibiotics, five showed maximum resistance. Out of ten antibiotics, six showed resistant against gram positive bacterial isolates.


The article presents refutational resolution theorem proving system for Fuzzy Description Logic (FDL) based on general (non-clausal) resolution rule. It brings several new notions of refutation degree and proves its relation to provability degree in fuzzy predicate logic.