Restless leg syndrome(RLS) is a common disorder which has been estimated to be present in 5 – 15% of the general population with 2.5 % requiring intervention. RLS can be primary or secondary. Secondary RLS usually develops later in life and is associated with another disorder like chronic kidney disease, iron deficiency, spinal cord disease, or varicose veins. Keloids have never been reported to be the cause of RLS.

 50 y.o female with hypertension and diabetes presented for evaluation of loud snoring and witnessed apneas. Prior to the visit she underwent a sleep study that showed she had moderate sleep apnea (AHI 15). She also reported having a painful sensation in her legs mainly at night affecting the skin on her calves. The painful sensation gave her an urge to move her legs. Moving or rubbing her legs helped relieve the painful sensation partially. She did not have these symptoms during the day. The symptoms started in the summer of 2018 after she started having keloids on her calves. Keloids followed the course of her varicose veins and the keloids progressed over the last year. Her RLS symptoms were less bothersome when the keloids were smaller. When she has taken tramadol and oxycodone in the past for other pains, she noticed that her painful RLS symptoms were completely eliminated. She was taking gabapentin 600 mg at bedtime for neuropathic pain which hasn't helped her RLS symptoms. On physical exam, major keloids were seen bilaterally on her calves. Her OSA with treated with CPAP and she was also asked to increase her gabapentin from 600 mg to 1200 mg for her restless legs.

 This is one of the first reported cases of RLS secondary to keloids. Whether treatment of keloids would help relieve RLS symptoms is unknown.


PANNAR is celebrating its 50th birthday! This privately owned, independent group of companies was founded in South Africa in 1958, and has evolved over the years into a well-respected name in the global seed industry. With seed as their core business, these dedicated people live out a commitment to provide a quality product and superior customer service.


This paper examines the position, usage and healing power of medicinal plants in the treatment of mental illness in two regions in the Kavango, Namibia. It focuses in particular on three common, locally identified mental disorders, namely nyambi, kasenge, and ndjangura. These disorders are encountered in community settings and signal a breakdown in normal functioning. The paper is based on ethnographic data collected in 3 different phases over 12 months from 2014 to 2016. Twenty-five traditional healers were interviewed, three ethno-botanical surveys were conducted and extensive time was spent with five traditional healers. The study used accepted ethnographic methods.


Heading angle estimation is reported a big challenge task for pedestrian navigation systems (PDR), and it is required to combine different estimation techniques to obtain heading angle accurately. In this paper, we proposed a novel method to accurately estimate the turn direction of the user based on analysis of the tri-gyroscope signals. We used prominence and width of the peaks to measure the walking direction by utilizing the decision tree method. We examined three different turn detection methods and we found that the performance of the step detection using peak detection method is better than zero-crossing methods in terms of accuracy. A machine learning algorithm-that is a decision tree method used as heading angle estimator, Kalman filter, in other hand, is used to fuse the heading angle measurements obtained from direct measurements and the estimated by our technique. The experimental results show that using a proposed method an improvement of localization accuracy have been achieved, compared with the traditional PDR method.


Today's digital library is a massive collection of various types and categories of documents. The existing search engines do not provide subjective search from the collection, as no information about context is stored. The existing search engine mostly uses the agent based search then the database based search. The database search is simpler easier but static verses dynamic Web. The work shows how database become dynamic, subjective and search query becomes simpler. The subjective and context based search is necessity of searching in Digital Library. The user who may be researcher, students, and even common person expect subject or context and need content accessibility precise and subject specific. This paper presents the topic-word specific subjective search using the database approach in digital library, by data mining technique in warehouse.


The design of microwave circuits requires detailed knowledge on the electromagnetic properties of the transmission lines used. This can be obtained by applying Maxwell's equations to a longitudinally homogeneous waveguide structure, which results in an eigenvalue problem for the propagation constant. Special attention is paid to the so‐called perfectly matched layer boundary conditions (PML). Using the finite integration technique we get an algebraic formulation. The finite volume of the PML introduces additional modes that are not an intrinsic property of the waveguide. In the presence of losses or absorbing boundary conditions the matrix of the eigenvalue problem is complex. A method which avoids the computation of all eigenvalues is presented in an effort to find the few propagating modes one is interested in. This method is an extension of a solver presented by the authors in a previous paper which analyses the lossless case. Using mapping relations between the planes of eigenvalues and propagation co...


Objective To study the effects of low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on rats with seizures induced by lithium-pilocarpine. Methods Rats were randomly divided into five groups and pre-treated with TMS at 75% of the stimulator's maximum output, but at 0 Hz (the sham group), 0.3 Hz, 0.5 Hz, 0.8 Hz and 1.0 Hz, respectively. After stimulation every day for 2 weeks, a model of acute epilepsy was induced u-sing iithium-pilocarpine. Subsequent behavior and the latencies of seizures were observed, and the severity of the sei- zures was quantitatively evaluated for 90 rain. Results The seizure latencies were significantly prolonged in all the other groups relative to the sham group (P<0.05). The prolongation in the 0.5 Hz and 0.8 Hz groups was signifi-cantly greater than in the 0.3 Hz and 1.0 Hz groups. The severity of seizures in the 0.3 Hz and 1.0 Hz groups was not significantly different from that in the sham group, but most of the rats in the 0.5 Hz group and the 0.8 Hz group experienced much lighter seizures, with seizure severity scores significantly lower than those in the other 3 groups. Conclusions Pretreatment with TMS at 0.3 to 1.0 Hz led to a longer latency of seizure onset. 0.5 Hz and 0.8 Hz gave the longest latencies and showed conspicuous antiepileptie effects.

Key words:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation ;  Epilepsy;  Latency;  Epileptic seizures;  Lithium-pilo-carpine


The electronically excited HCl+ (A 2Σ+) ions have been produced by the direct photoionization with helium and neon resonance lines. The emission bands A 2Σ+(v′=0–6)→X 2Π (v″=0−2) were detected. The absolute fluorescent cross sections of the transition were determined at 58.4 and 73.6 nm. The ab initio configuration interaction calculations were carried out for the A 2Σ+ and X 2Π states. The excellent agreement between the experimental and ab initio results was obtained for the Franck–Condon factors, electronic transition moments, and potential energy curves.


Objectives: To investigate the effects of endotheline-1 (ET-1) receptor antagonism and/or chronic blockade of nitric oxide (NO) production on pregnancy outcome in the rat. Methods: Pregnant or nonpregnant Wistar rats were either treated orally for up to 18 days with the NO-synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl estr (L-NAME), the ETA-/ETB-receptor antagonist bosentan (Roche Basel, Switzerland) or both, or received no treatment (controls). Blood pressure, body weight, and drug intake were measured intervals. Pregnancy outcome and proteinurea were also determined. Analysis of variance and paired Student t test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Chronic L-NAME treatment increased systolic blood pressure by 69 and 64 mmHg in pregnant and virgin rats respectively (P < .05). Bosentan-blunted, L-NAME-induced hypertension at the beginning (P < .05), but not at the end of the treatment period in all rats examined. Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-treatment in pregnancy reduced the number of living fetuses at term (P < .05) and caused proteinurea (P < .05). Bosentan tended to reverse the effects of L-NAME on fetus number and proteinurea, but both effects failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions: The effects of chronic NO-synthase-blockade on blood pressure in gravid rats can be reversed only temporarily by ETA-/ETB-antagonism, suggesting an involvement of endothelin-1 in the early phase of the L-NAME-induced, preeclampsia-like syndrome during pregnancy, although at later stages other mechanisms may come into play.


Summary
Brewin and Andrews (2016) review studies using three research paradigms—imagination inflation, false feedback, and memory implantation—and the prevalence rate for false memories differs widely across paradigms. Vast differences also result depending on the scheme used to code the recall data. Framing memory as a constructive process reveals many of the similarities between cognitive processes involved in memory for true and false events, similarities that account for why memories are far less likely to result for false events than true events. Memories for false events are just not as easy to construct and plant as has been suggested elsewhere. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Effective prediction of the RF impedance properties of two cells in series has been achieved using a hybrid simulation approach based on measured cell properties. This has enabled simple and efficient 3D simulation models to be investigated at a more practical industrial scale, illustrated in this paper using a representative module of an automotive traction battery.


Eleven Aloe barbadensis accessions were evaluated under subtropical conditions of Jammu during 2011–12 and 2012–13 in a three replicate complete randomized block design to estimate genetic variation, broad sense heritability, correlation and direct and indirect effects between yield and yield components. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability were highest for dry latex per plant (66.82 and 68.45%) followed by gel yield per plant (66.76 and 68.04%, respectively). Broad sense heritability ranged from 22.92% (leaf length) to 71.11% (gel yield per plant). Leaf yield per plant exhibited positive and significant correlation with all growth and yield attributes except number of suckers per plant and leaf: gel ratio. The path coefficient analysis based on leaf yield per plant, as a dependent variable, revealed that all the other traits, except no. of suckers per plant and leaf: gel ratio exhibited high positive direct effects. Gel yield per leaf, fresh weight per leaf and plant spread showed the highest direct influence of 0.686, 0.342 and 0.169, respectively. From the present investigation, it is concluded that gel yield per leaf, fresh weight per leaf and plant spread having direct strong bearing on leaf yield per plant must be considered, while designing the selection indices for improving leaf yield in Aloe.


A new method was proposed to predict earthquake through using generalized regression neural network(GRNN) based on genetic algorithm(GA).Global optimum can be found through using GA's ability of global searching and being not liable to get the minimum to optimize the the center and width of radial basis function and weights of output layer.At last,using100 sample data obtained from actual earthquake,a simulation experiment is done based on MATLAB.The simulation shows that the method has a good result.


Coronaviruses (coronaviruses) are a large family of viruses that cause diseases in both humans and animals. It is known that the emerging corona affects the respiratory system in addition to other more serious diseases such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Recently, a new type of corona virus appeared and caused the death of many around the world, and it is still continuing until now, as it claimed the lives of millions of people and infected more than 200 million around the world. Infection of children with the virus usually causes an infection in the upper respiratory tract, which is accompanied by symptoms and signs similar to those that appear when infection with other viral infections such as influenza and cold symptoms.


This book is about the genesis of a document called the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP). This document represents the first major attempt to develop a planning framework to guide the spatial development of European Union. It stands as a monument to a decade of work undertaken by the Committee on Spatial Development between 1989 and 1999. The purpose of the book is to tell the story of the formation of this document, from the initial seed idea, through the complex negotiations through which it metamorphosed, through to its write up, and now to its possible implementation. As such, the book falls into the tradition of historiographies of policy formation. On this occasion however, the uniqueness of the policy in question makes this a particularly special and interesting historiography. The ESDP has its roots in the uneven development of the European Union. Whilst methodological complexities mitigate against simplistic conclusions, it is fair to say that in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s there was great concern within the European Commission that regional inequality was deepening. Even allowing for the workings of the Structural Funds, regional divergence and not regional convergence was the concern of the day. Among some constituencies, the solution to the uneven space economy was the introduction of more formal planning measures designed to steer growth in a more balanced and sustainable way. Whilst national planning regimes were to retain their integrity, the Committee on spatial development was charged with the responsibility of assessing the extent to which a more international planning machinery and blueprint might be possible. This book charts the intricacies of the unfolding debate. It is structured around the various meetings held to thrash out details, exchange ideas, deal with conflicts, seek compromises, and pilot new ways forward. Starting with Nantes (1989), the book works its way through the details of discussions held in Turin (1990), The Hague (1991), Lisbon (1992), Liege (1993), Corfu (1994), Leipzig (1994), Strasbourg (1995), Madrid (1995), Venice (1996), Noordwijk (1997), Glasgow (1998), and finally Potsdam (1999) and Tampere (1999) where the ESDP was finalized and an Action Programme established. The authors conclude that whilst the final document is in no sense a Masterplan, it does serve to provide a template for spatial development and represents the best shot at spatial planning possible today given the realpolitik on the ground. Whilst the ride that the reader is taken on is a times a bit dizzying, this book is never dull or disorientating. There will be some critics who would pick holes in the detailed events which are chosen for discussion, the priority given to some of these events over others, and the authors reading of the events. Nonetheless what emerges is a lucid, informative, and chronologically sensible account that furnishes a tremendous insight into the mechanics of the process. As such, the book stands as an exemplar of the kinds of historiographies that might


An improved thickener composition and method comprising galactomannan hydrocolloids obtained from the endosperm of seeds is disclosed. The thickener composition comprises a combination of cassia hydrocolloid and highly esterified pectin and can be utilized to thicken food and fodder products. The combination of cassia hydrocolloid and highly esterified pectin exhibits a synergistic rheology and stabilization effect in food products and, in particular dairy products such as heat treated yogurt. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009


ABSTRAK This study aims to: first, describe the citizenship competencies in Curriculum 2006 and 2013 for the level of Junior High School (SMP). Second, describe the similarities and differences citizenship competencies in Curriculum 2006 and 2013. This research is a content analysis study (content analysis) and the approach used is qualitative. The research object were Curriculum 2006 document set out in Permendiknas Nomor 22 Tahun 2006 tentang Standar Isi untuk Satuan Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah and Curriculum 2013 document set out in Permendikbud Nomor 58 Tahun tentang Kurikulum 2013 SMP/MTs. The data were collected through documentation and interviews. The data were analyzed through content analysis. The data trustworthiness was enhanced by the data cross check.   The research findings show that: first, citizenship competencies in Curriculum 2006 unwritten explicitly and unclassified as those in Curriculum 2013. Observed by examining operational verb (KKO), Curriculum 2006 contains 66.67% civic knowledge, 28.89% civic disposition, and 4.44%, civic skills. Whereas 2013 contains 31.75% civic knowledge, 28.57% civic disposition, and 39.68% civic skill. Second, the similarity between citizenship competencies in Curriculum 2006 and those in 2013 was a percentage of civic disposition almost same, 28.89% and 28.57%. The difference, Curriculum 2006 was dominated by 66.67% of civic knowledge, while Curriculum 2013 was dominated by 39.68% of civic skills. Keywords : Conten ts, Competencies Citizenship, Curriculum 2006 and 2013, SMP.


This study examines the influence of Igbo morphemes on English verb structure in code-mixed/switched utterances. There is overwhelming evidence that English and Igbo languages interfere with each other in informal conversations of the Igbo-English bilinguals. This calls for researches to ascertain the degree of English dominance on Igbo language or vice versa. This paper, therefore, examines informal conversations of the Igbo-English bilinguals with particular focus on the verb structure. The paper adopted Corpus Linguistic framework for data collection and Token approach for data description. Data analysis and findings reveal that English verbs can easily be merged with Igbo affixes in code-switched utterances of the English-Igbo bilinguals. They also reveal that a new language known as Engli-Igbo has been formed by the merger. This leads to the conclusion that Engli-Igbo is a present reality. Based on this, this paper recommends further researches on Engli-Igbo linguistic merger in the areas of phonological, syntactic and other areas of morphology.


Eccentric hermits: island isolates of Isla Cedros and their peninsular relatives The Baja California peninsula is known for a high rate of endemism in the family Cactaceae, with an estimated 72 endemic species, or about 70% of the cacti known from the peninsula (Rebman and Roberts 2012). The islands of Baja California, whether in the Sea of Cortez or off the Pacific coast, are especially rich with cactus endemics. But the Pacific coastal region of the peninsula, with at least 3 distinct phytogeographic zones from the US border to the Vizcaino, is also known for occurrences of unique forms of cacti with highly restricted distributions (Reimann and Ezcurra 2007). Recent regional studies of plant diversity on the peninsula and comparative floras between peninsular regions as well as between the peninsula and its islands have expanded understanding of the phytogeography of Baja (Ratay et al 2014, Prado et al 2010, Vanderplank and Mata 2010, Reimann and Ezcurra 2007, etc). However, the taxonomic, systematic, genetic, morphological and biogeographical relationships between more widespread taxa and their putative endemic relatives with highly restricted distributions are not well studied in detail. For example, the endemic cacti of Isla Cedros suggest close relationships with


This thesis co mprises several co mputer si mulation experi ments in which the per for mance of a selection of phylogenetic methods was assessed. Data were gener ated according to a known model and used as input for the phylogenetic methods. So me new methods were introduced, and their perfor mance co mpared with extant methods. Perfor mance was judged by several criteria, being accuracy, consistency, efficiency, falsifiability and robustness. The experi ments were designed to be biologically relevant , and yet co mputa tionally tractible. Hence the models of evolution used were si mple, to allow a wide range of para meters to be tested for their effects within the bounds of available co mputing resources. The experi ments were divided into two main types, the "s mall n with up to 10 taxa, and the "large n with fro m 10 to 30 taxa. Para meters which were allowed to vary in the "s mall n case included nu mber of taxa (n) , sequence length , tree topology, edge length probability distribution, and purity of data. In the "large n " case, nu mber of taxa, sequence length, and edge length probability distribution were varied. The si mulation experi ments show that the accuracy of phylogene tic methods decreases with increasing n, and that the mean nu mber of internal edges of the generating tree which are incorrectly inferred increases at least linearly with n. The rate at which the sequence length must increase with n, to retain a fixed confidence i n the inferred tree, is shown to be at least linear i n n. All the methods are approxi mately as susceptible as each other to sa mpling error, which is exacerbated by the generating tree having very short or very long internal edges, and by finite sequence length. All the methods are susceptible to rando m error such as sequencing error, but provided such error is s mall , the effect is not great . One type of method, using edge lengths inferred by the Hada mard con jugation process, i s shown to be much more robust to impure data and to sequenc ing error than are the other methods. ·with n 2: 10 only the fastest methods were used. Increas ing n aga in decreased the accuracy of the methods . Vary i ng the "molecular-clockness " of the generat ing tree was shown to have a much greater effect upon those methods incons istent w ith data wh i ch do not sat isfy the molecular clock hypothes i s. All the methods used are descr ibed algor ithm ically, and the ir computat i onal complex i ty is d iscussed. New proofs are prov ided of the cons i stency / incons i stency of several methods w ith the models of evolut ion used . A notat ion is introduced to character i ze all tree topolog ies, and used throughout th is thes i s. Pseudocode IS prov ided for all the major algor ithms used m the s imulat ion exper iments.


Space supports human cognitive abilities in a myriad of ways. The note attached to the side of the monitor, the papers spread out on the desk, diagrams scrawled on a whiteboard, and even the keys left out on the counter are all examples of using space to recall, reveal relationships, and think. Technological advances have made it possible to construct large display environments in which space has real meaning. This paper examines how increased space affects the way displays are regarded and used within the context of the cognitively demanding task of sensemaking. A pair of studies were conducted demonstrating how the spatial environment supports sensemaking by becoming part of the distributed cognitive process, providing both external memory and a semantic layer.


SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes regulate many aspects of metazoan development and mutations in SWI/SNF genes are associated with diverse human diseases including cancer and alcohol use disorder. In C. elegans, SWI/SNF subunits are required for viability, somatic gonad development, and normal behavioral responses to ethanol. SWI/SNF complexes can be classified as BAF (BRG1/Brm-associated factors) or PBAF (Polybromo-associated BAF) based on their subunit composition. While there are loss-of-function alleles for most SWI/SNF family members, strong loss of function mutations have not previously been reported for the PBAF gene phf-10. Here we describe two new alleles of phf-10 that we generated using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.


The purpose of this article is to investigate Iranian-Israeli relations, which are based on hate speech and hybrid warfare, but can actually be reduced to a struggle for power and domination. In order to legitimize their military actions against an enemy state, both Iran and Israel must securitize the threat, which means they must convince the public that the opposing state poses an existential threat. Hate speech and aggressive rhetoric are used by both countries and represent a subjective perception of a threat, as well as a legitimizing tool to justify extraordinary measures to counter the threats. Appealing to fears and threats and the method of creating an enemy are well-known political strategies that ensure the legitimacy of power.


Data mining is the process of identifying patterns from large amount of data. Association rule mining aims to discover dependency relationships across attributes. It may also disclose sensitive information. With extensive application of data mining techniques to various domains, privacy preservation becomes mandatory. Association rule hiding is one of the techniques of privacy preserving data mining to protect the sensitive association rules generated by association rule mining. This paper adopts heuristic approach for hiding sensitive association rules. The proposed technique makes the representative rules and hides the sensitive rules.


A PU stitching anti-degumming high-fastness shoe comprises a shoe sole edge, a shoe upper face and a non-woven fabric group. The width of the non-woven fabric is slightly lower than the height of the shoe sole edge, the perimeter of the non-woven fabric is the same as that of the shoe upper edge, the non-woven fabric is arranged in the contact portion of the shoe upper face and the shoe sole, the non-woven fabric is stitched to the shoe upper edge through a stitching machine, the shoe sole edge is combined with the non-woven fabric through an adhesive perfusion technology, one face of the non-woven fabric is combined with the shoe upper face, the other face of the non-woven fabric is combined with the shoe sole, and degumming of the shoe upper and the shoe sole is avoided.


The largest, highest-quality, and most near-homogeneously treated extant available samples of Be, B, Fe, and O abundances are analyzed on four different stellar parameter scales, considering different O abundance indicators and deriving uncertainties in their relation with the required aid of jackknife and bootstrap simulations/resampling. Despite large slope and zero-point differences, the various Fe-poor ([Fe/H] ≲ -1) BeB-FeO relations are found to be independent of parameter scale within the present, sometimes substantial, uncertainties. Variations in the BeB-O relations (as large as 1.12 dex/dex and 1.24 dex in slope and zero point) from differing O indicators do significantly differ; surprisingly, the largest differences are within the same parameter scale and not across different ones. The well-defined mean Be-Fe relation is Be ∝ Fe1.16±0.04; the B-Fe relation is virtually identical, B ∝ Fe1.17±0.08. The BeB–mean O relations show smaller dispersion than BeB-OH or BeB–O I relations alone, because of the significant reduction in parameter uncertainties, and are in remarkable agreement, indicating Be ∝ mean O1.51±0.05 and B ∝ mean O1.61±0.12. The latter is in good agreement with the slope (B ∝ O1.39±0.08) derived for metal-rich dwarfs by Smith et al. utilizing enhanced Mg I b-f opacity and presumed reliable λ6300 [O I] and λ6158 O I features. The BeB-FeO slopes are also all in excellent agreement with the reanalysis of Garcia Lopez, who utilizes a Hipparcos-based gravity scale. The equivalence of the Be- and B-FeO slopes limits prodigious ν-process 11B production at low metallicity and suggests little Galactic evolution of the B/Be ratio. The BeB–mean O slopes differ significantly from pure "primary" and "secondary" values, requiring a combination of production mechanisms. The differing behavior of [O/Fe] and [Be/Fe] with [Fe/H] seems to rule out production by accelerated CO-rich grain debris in ejecta of Type II supernovae having progenitor masses M ≳ 8 M⊙. Instead, the data are in fine accord with near-primary/intermediate BeB-FeO slopes produced by various two-component models, including standard GCR and superbubble production. Such models with a low-energy cosmic-ray source from supernovae restricted to very large progenitor mass may be consistent with the large Be abundance in the ultra–metal-poor dwarf G64-12 found by Primas et al.; however, they predict unobserved maxima in B/Be evolution near [Fe/H] ∼ -2, produce too much total Li at intermediate metallicity, and have been suggested to be energetically untenable. Superbubble models considering a range of supernova progenitor mass and a constant cosmic-ray source composition predict the inferred modest or flat slopes in B/Be evolution. These models face possible difficulties in reproducing any nonprimordial Be plateaus at very low [Fe/H], and not underproducing 6Li for [Fe/H] ≲ -2; additional data are required to provide firmer observational constraints. The BeB/FeO ratios do not show consistent evidence for two metal-poor populations expected from bimodal (isolated supernovae and collective supernovae in superbubbles) production mechanisms, though these signatures may be lost in the scatter or have drastically different contributing fractions. Finally, comparison of the metal-poor BeB-Fe and BeB–mean O slopes suggests that [O/Fe] ∝ -0.25 [Fe/H]—not constant, but not as steep as suggested in some recent analyses and in agreement with the shallow [O/Fe] increase with declining [Fe/H] suggested by King.


A description is given of an a.c. bridge balance indicator in which two separate indications are provided. Each indication is related to a particular bridge balancing control and provides information on the magnitude of the unbalance and indicates the direction in which the control must be varied to approach balance. Inherent signal-to-noise ratio improvement is a feature of the display.


Structure in data can be leveraged to enhance learning. In many perception tasks, the embedded signals arising from physical processes of interest naturally have structure of high semantic relevance. However, traditional forms of remote sensing (e.g., vision) preserve such structure only in limited ways. This paper examines how embedded, form-fitting sensing, referred to as physically integrated (PI) sensing, can preserve such structure in richer ways. While the analysis is agnostic to the particular technology for PI sensing, for which a range of options is emerging, especially driven by the Internet of Things, a particular emerging technology called large-area electronics (LAE) is considered. Using synthetic data from 3-D modeling and rendering of human-activity scenes, LAE-based PI sensing and vision-based remote sensing are emulated and perception systems are formed, showing: 1) enhanced data-efficiency of learning models based on PI sensing; 2) potential for selective deployment of PI sensors in new perception tasks, thanks to robust ranking of their value in such tasks; 3) enhanced data-efficiency of learning models based on vision sensing, by integrating PI sensing; and 4) efficient mapping of PI-sensing features across perception tasks to enhance transferability of learning.


The problem of the two‐center exchange integrals is solved in the most general way for Slater‐type atomic orbitals with integral effective quantum numbers. No other restrictions are placed upon effective quantum numbers and effective nuclear charges, The integrals are expressed linearly in terms of certain auxiliary functions. A rule for finding the coefficients is given. The coefficients are explicitly computed for all cases involving orbitals with the quantum numbers 1, 2, and 3. The auxiliary functions are discussed in detail. The existing literature is reviewed, and a survey of present tables is made.


Applying blockchain technology to supply chain finance is the only way for the in-depth development of supply chain finance. However, increasingly prominent risk issues restrict the stable development of blockchain finance, so it is necessary to identify and analyze supply chain financial risks under blockchain technology. This article summarizes the six aspects of macro-industry analysis, credit risk, supply chain relationship risk, pledge risk, operational risk, and blockchain system risk from the internal and external influencing factors for risk identification, and uses fuzzy cognitive maps and hierarchical analysis. Based on the analysis of supply chain financial risks under blockchain technology, the results show that the three indicators of supply chain relationship risk, operational risk and blockchain system risk are relatively high risk, and have the greatest impact on supply chain financial risks.


This article provides a review of risk and risk-value models that lead to decision making by explicitly trading off between risk and value. We begin with a discussion of a preference-dependent measure of risk that is compatible with traditional expected utility theory, and therefore lends itself to an examination of how individuals perceive risky gambles as well as how they choose among them. Further, this risk measure can be the basis for generalizing models of decision making based on the intuitively appealing notion of trading off between risk and value. Based on the two-attribute expected utility axioms, this risk-value framework has much more flexibility in modeling preferences than the traditional single-attribute expected utility theory. Specifically, we describe three useful classes of decision models: moments risk-value models, exponential risk-value models, and generalized disappointment models. These decision models unify two streams of research: one in developing preference models and the other in modeling risk judgments. They can also provide prescriptive guidance for those people who are willing to deviate from the traditional expected utility preference models and make their decisions based on risk-value trade-offs, as in financial decision making.

Keywords:

risk-value models;
utility theory;
measures of risk


Getting into desktop publishing Bankers are discovering that their personal computers are good for more than working on spreadsheets and producing letters. By equipping their PCs with desktop publishing software and linking them to laser printers, banks can have their own publishing systems. That in-house capability enables banks to cut publishing costs because they can eliminate or reduce their reliance on companies that provide publishing services. (See accompanying story about Busey Bank.) What sets desktop publishing apart from the previous generation of computer-generated text is its capability for creating layouts complete with borders, rules, graphic elements, and text. It can be used to produce newsletters, brochures, and other documents that look professional. Banks are currently using desktop publishing systems in such areas as marketing, training and development, economics, and management information. The old way. Getting a brochure or other document published traditionally has involved several time-consuming steps. Writing has been done by hand or on a typewriter or personal computer. Then in most cases it's been sent to a printer for a professional-looking, but expensive, printing job. Once the copy has been printed, it has had to be proofread. Any errors have had to go back to the printing firm for a revision, which again has had to be checked. The design of the publication has required the creative input of a designer who has developed page layouts using the copy and illustrations. After that work has been done and after all changes have made to the copy, the printing of a publication has been able to begin. The new way. Desktop publishing shortens and simplifies the printing process. One person can produce the copy and create the layouts using a personal computer, desktop publishing software, and a laser printer. The laser printout is "camera-ready," which means it can be made into multiple copies. That can be done in-house if the bank has the appropriate equipment or outside the institution by a copy shop. According to Steve Davis, co-owner, Desktop Design, "If a master copy of a 65-page manual was done in-house, its costs would include about $1 for paper, and the cost of employee time for design work and inputting information." If conventional methods were used for typesetting and layout, the same master copy would would cost about $3,000, says Davis. Employee design and inputting time would also be required using this approach; in fact more time may be required the old way. The Sacramento, Calif.-based firm assists companies in using desktop publishing. At The First National Bank of Chicago, which has eight desktop publishing systems, Mary Jo Nasko, electronic publishing designer, says, "Desktop publishing enables us to create and produce reports, proposals, and many other materials for half of what outside vendors charge and also in a shorter period of time." What's needed. Desktop publishing is a system, not just a software package, Nasko points out. The system includes a personal computer like Apple Computer's Macintosh. With its inherent graphics capability, the Macintosh is well suited to merge text and graphic elements on its video display screen, or monitor. The Macintosh also has two other features that are helpful in desktop publishing. One feature is that it uses icons, which are pictures or symbols on a monitor that represent a computer function, such as an insertion or deletion. The other feature is that it has a mouse. Located at the end of a cord linked to the PC, the mouse is used to choose functions that an operator wants to perform by selecting an icon shown on the computer's monitor. IBM's PC AT and PS/2, and some other PCs can be used for desktop publishing. A minimum of one hard disk drive is required to handle text files and graphics files. …


Infectious Disease
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory infections associated with severe morbidity and mortality in infants, young children, and the elderly. No licensed vaccine against this disease exists. Fedechkin et al. describe cocrystal structures of the RSV G glycoprotein conserved central domain (CCD) bound by two different broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Both mAbs bind to conformational epitopes on this highly conserved region. The RSV G CCD can activate the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, and this activity can be blocked by binding of the mAbs. These findings provide insight into how neutralizing mAbs interact with the RSV G glycoprotein and may advance the development of RSV vaccines and therapeutics.

Sci. Immunol. 3 , eaar3534 (2018).


The goal of this paper is to extend some concepts (about concurrencydegrees) from the class of Place/Transition Petri nets (PTN) to the class of jumping Petri nets (JPTN). Also, we will present a simpler definition of concurrency-degree for PTN. Moreover, we will point out how we can compute these concurrency-degrees.


paying them so much? They ultimately cannot help us, cannot be with us, cannot be ours. Why not fall for a digital star instead? Not just the 3-D characters from films like Antz (Eric Darnell, USA 1998) or A Bugs life (John Lasseter, USA 1998), which showcase the voices of physically-bound stars. I mean the 3-D action heroes currently found in computer games: they're independent of the Hollywood system, maneuverable and agile in the games, and can really get close to you.


A new optical displacement measurement system is introduced with nanometric accuracy. It combines PSD and modern computer technology. By using the multi-reflection of laser between two plane mirrors, the displacement of measuring mirror in nanometers can be magnified to the degree that can be distinguished with PSD in micrometers which can be handled easily by common methods. As compared with common interferometer, the structure of this system is simpler and its stability is stronger. The experimental results are in agreement very well with the theoretical analysis. Experiment indicates this system can accomplish magnified measuring of small displace, and measuring precision reaches 11. 5 nm.


We believe that the radiology community should take the initiative to adopt guidelines and require that all imaging facilities use some form of active information process describing the risks of medical radiation.


Investigation of optical pumping for binary mixtures may provide information on the interaction between atomic systems and open up possibility to control response time.Considered Rb isotope 85 Rb and 87 Rb as binary mixtures,optical pumping response can be observed with using square modulated field at 10Hz and two channels of RF sources for NMR of 85 Rb and 87 Rb respectively.Based on proposed model of three energy levels,unitary system or binary mixtures of 85 Rb and 87 Rb can be accurately described with an exponential function.According to the relation of response time between binary and unitary,the response time for mixtures is contributed from unitary ones and their concentrations.


Abstract The peculiarities of low-frequency internal friction near the first order low-temperature (110 K) and second order high-temperature (573 K) phase transitions in improper Ba2NaNb5O15 ferroelastic were studied. A large and wide internal friction peak and diffused step-like change in the temperature dependence of shear modulus were also observed within an incommensurate phase between these two phase transitions.


Although much progress have been made in recent years, the etiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease remains obscure. The chance discovery that injection of the neurotoxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces a syndrome very similar to parkinsonism introduced the "environmental toxin" hypothesis but no toxin was ever found in any quantity in patients' brains. We have unexpectedly now found, however, that, in mice, very low doses of MPTP induce as much dopaminergic neuronal death as far higher doses. Cellular detoxification mechanisms would appear to be incapacitated at such low doses. This could infer that the barely discernible presence of an unidentified neurotoxin may be responsible for the onset of Parkinson's disease. Synapse 70:49–51, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A field experiment was conducted during 2007-08 to 2011-12 at Farming System Research Farm, Navsari Agriculture University, Navsari on clayey soil, having 7.8 pH, organic carbon 0.59 %, available nitrogen 194 kg/ha, P 18.2 kg/ha and K 153 kg/ha to evaluate the sustainable productivity and profitability of diversified rice-based cropping systems under south Gujarat condition. Ten Rice based cropping systems were evaluated for production potential in randomized block design with three replications. In pooled results, treatment T6: Rice -sorghum (G) –sorghum ratoon (G) recorded significantly higher paddy equivalent yield (13488 kg/ha) which was at par with treatment T3 (13095 kg/ha), T9 (12463 kg /ha), T7 (12379 kg/ha) and T2 (12273 kg/ha). The minimum PEY (7866 kg/ha) were recorded under T1: Ricewheat: fallow in all experimental years as well as in pooled. Highest net return/ha was recorded in treatment T6: Rice-sorghum (G) – ratoon sorghum (G) i.e. Rs. 97,567 /ha followed by T7 (Rs. 84,102 /ha) and T2 (Rs. 82,957 /ha). The BCR value was highest under T6 (2.38) followed by T7 (1.95). The highest employment generation (397 man days/year) was recorded in Rice green gram – groundnut cropping system (T3).


To clinically verify the formula of Bennett et al. (Graefes Arch Clin Exp 1994; 232: 361) of determining the size of retinal features and to study the previously unknown conversion factor of Topcon fundus camera.


New forms of tourism bring new environmental challenges and standards that are more demanding for sustainable development. With ongoing expansion the tourism sector could face increasingly stringent conditions on growth and development and be called upon to justify its claims on environmental resources with a firm commitment to their sustainable management. Tourism businesses are essential actors of creating jobs and generally growing the economy. Also here is attempted to identify the constructs that influence building high-quality entrepreneurship in tourism industry as the need of accessing finances to make this reality. These investments are essential for tourism development. In this way, it is important to underline the crucial meaning of management and entrepreneurship in tourism sector. Making this reality, there is a need of accessing finances.This study aims to explore the immediate effects of accessing and using finance on the current context of tourism, highlighting its influences on the tourism entrepreneurship in Macedonia. To this end, it uses the SPSS econometrics software to process the data.


Based on the analysis of the petrography and element geochemistry of wall rocks, mineralized rocks, ores and veins in Laowangzhai gold deposit, the characteristics for mantle fluid metasomatism in rocks and ores are expressed by enriching LREE, incompatible elements and HFSE in metallogenic fluid.The characteristics of deep geological process, whose metasomatic fluid was derived from enrichment mantle, in gold metallogenesis, is proposed in this paper.There inevitably were these overprint contaminations, which should be in favor of metallogenesis, for materials of mantle and crust in the deep geology-geochemistry processes.


The value of pro bono publico services provided by the legal profession in the United Kingdom has continued to attract attention. Academic interest has focused upon the ethical context of Pro bono work and the interplay between social and professional motivations behind the resurgence of interest in it. One of the reasons sometimes advanced is the inherent altruism of the young. It has, however, been argued that altruism is insufficient unless there is organisational firm-based support for pro bono publico. Further, it has been suggested that other pressures, for example commercial pressure on large law firms, are more significant to Pro bono uptake by young solicitors. This article outlines the results of quantitative research into the legal services provided pro bono publico by young and trainee solicitors or Pro bono according to the definitions advanced by young solicitors themselves. It considers issues of definition, performance and motivation across a range of solicitors' firms, from legal aid to large commercial practices. Finally, it addresses the issue of what motivates young lawyers to provide free services and what steps might be taken to increase participation.


The present invention provides a herbal composition for treating acute pharyngitis, said herbal drug composition comprises Zhongjiefeng, Polygonum cuspidatum, Shichangpu, Mahoniae, Sterculia, skullcap, cicada, Dioscorea, Aster, locust flowers, gall, pig tooth soap, goldenrod, indigo, ephedra, ginseng beads, Yuzhu, sea buckthorn, Terminalia, Scrophulariaceae, sea breeze rattan, bamboo ginseng, puffball, Nansha ginseng, Chinese yam, catechu and licorice. The Chinese medicine composition can not only control the symptoms of acute pharyngitis, can also adjust the balance of yin and yang, strengthen the immune system, to achieve nourishing, conditioning, relieve symptoms, help present a positive solid object with respect to the treatment of acute pharyngitis medicine, the traditional Chinese medicine composition is free side effects, no drug resistance, effective, quick, the human body without injury, disease treatment is not repeated.


Traffic signs are designed with attractive colors and shapes for human vision. Considering the significant characters, color spaces are analyzed based on amount of experiments. For the specific application of traffic scene understanding, some appropriate color components are recommended in our paper, which can reduce the difficulty of segmentation and satisfy the applications on complicated traffic scenes, such as weather various, illumination changes, complex backgrounds, and blurry conditions. Then an approach using entropy of the histogram is applied to traffic sign segmentation. And the experiment results show the validity of our method.


A new type of compact enhanced-bandwidth hybrid ring using an artificial lumped-element left-handed (LH) transmission-line (TL) section is proposed. The replacement of the 270/spl deg/ branch of the conventional hybrid ring by a -90/spl deg/ LH-TL branch results in both size reduction and bandwidth enhancement. The working principle of the LH TL used in the hybrid ring is explained and the performances of the component are demonstrated by measurement results. The proposed hybrid exhibits 67% size reduction compared to the conventional one, and shows a 58% and 49% bandwidth enhancements at 2 GHz in the 180/spl deg/-out-of-phase and in-phase operations, respectively.


Background: Brachial plexus piece has reformed the field of regional anaesthesia for upper limb surgeries. Infraclavicular subcoracoid approach gives complete block without significant difficulties. Aim: To compare the additives adenosine and magnesium sulphate with bupivacaine in infraclavicular infusion for upper limb surgeries and postoperative analgesia. Materials & Methods: This Prospective study was done at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Govt. Medical College, Azamgarh. Around 24 patients scheduled for elective unilateral upper limb surgeries involving distal arm/ elbow/ forearm/hand divided into two groups A (n-12) and B (n-12) randomly. Group A - adenosine 6mgs with 28 ml 0.5% bupivacaine bolus followed by infusion of 0.25% bupivacaine 28ml with 6mgs of adenosine (2ml) at a rate of 5ml/hr. Group B - magnesium sulphate 75 mgs (in 2ml) with 28ml of 0.5% bupivacaine bolus followed by infusion of 0.25% bupivacaine 28ml with 75mgs of magnesium sulphate (in 2ml) at a rate of 5ml/hr in USG guided placement of infraclavicular catheter.
Results: Our Study revealed  that  Group  A  had a  faster Onset time of sensory and motor block and faster recovery when compared to group B. Group A needed more rescue analgesia than group B. Conclusion: The addition of magnesium sulphate as an additive to bupivacaine in brachial plexus block may be a better choice when prolonged postoperative analgesia is required.


The transport of citric acid from aqueous solutions through a supported liquid membrane containing tri-n-octylamine was studied. The strip phase was either a sodium carbonate solution or deionized water. A transport model was proposed considering aqueous film diffusion, interfacial chemical reaction, and membrane diffusion. The calculated rates were found to be in good agreement with the measured ones (average standard error, 12%). Under the conditions examined, it was shown that the transport process was governed by mixed interfacial chemical reaction and membrane diffusion. The effects of temperature and a water-insoluble organic acid added in the membrane phase on transport rate were also investigated.


It is therefore startling that we find a number of differences between these mitzvot. The first concerns the audience of the pirsum. With respect to the megillah, it is clear that the requirement is to share the story with fellow Jews. When it comes to the four cups, it similarly appears that we are relaying the narrative to a Jewish audience. However, there are indications that the lighting of the menorah "spreads the light" not only to Jews but to non-Jews as well. The Talmud records (Shabbat 21b) that one may light the menorah until the Tarmodeans have left the marketplace. Rashi explains:


Wooden cultural heritages have many factors of fires and structural characteristics vulnerable to the fire extinguishing. Also, they are surrounded with forests and so remote from fire stations, which make it difficult to handle it quickly when fires break out. Wooden cultural heritages made of wood...


Background End-stage renal disease patients have a dysfunctional, prematurely aged peripheral T-cell system. Here we hypothesized that the degree of premature T-cell ageing before kidney transplantation predicts the risk for early acute allograft rejection (EAR). Methods 222 living donor kidney transplant recipients were prospectively analyzed. EAR was defined as biopsy proven acute allograft rejection within 3 months after kidney transplantation. The differentiation status of circulating T cells, the relative telomere length and the number of CD31+ naive T cells were determined as T-cell ageing parameters. Results Of the 222 patients analyzed, 30 (14%) developed an EAR. The donor age and the historical panel reactive antibody score were significantly higher (p = 0.024 and p = 0.039 respectively) and the number of related donor kidney transplantation was significantly lower (p = 0.018) in the EAR group. EAR-patients showed lower CD4+CD28null T-cell numbers (p<0.01) and the same trend was observed for CD8+CD28null T-cell numbers (p = 0.08). No differences regarding the other ageing parameters were found. A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that higher CD4+CD28null T-cell numbers was associated with a lower risk for EAR (HR: 0.65, p = 0.028). In vitro, a significant lower percentage of alloreactive T cells was observed within CD28null T cells (p<0.001). Conclusion Immunological ageing-related expansion of highly differentiated CD28null T cells is associated with a lower risk for EAR.


Abstract The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) in water-saturated concrete is higher than in dry concrete. However, moisture influence on the UPV is defined within a wide range: - from negligible to quite significant (16 per cent). The nature of "UPV − concrete moisture" correlation is also interpreted in different ways - both as linear and as exponential. This paper reviews how various degrees of moisture saturation influence the UPV in concrete when sounding is carried out by the frequently used ultrasonic testing method - the indirect transmission by using longitudinal wave pulse. Research was conducted on specimens hardened both under standard conditions and at elevated temperatures. The results show a sudden UPV increase at the degree when the maximum water absorption in concrete is achieved.


The patient was started on imatinib at the dosage of 600 mg/day resulting in complete hematological remission (CHR) after 5 weeks. In the 3rd week of treatment, she experienced grade 3 hematological toxicity (neutropenia and thrombocytopenia), while nonhematological side effects were not observed. Complete cytogenetic remission (CCR) was reached after 12 weeks of treatment, which persisted for the subsequent 2 years without achievement of molecular response, as shown by RTPCR. After 26 months of imatinib administration, CHR and CCR were lost with 80% of nuclei being Ph+ at FISH analysis; DHPLC analysis revealed F317L point mutation. The imatinib dose was increased to 800 mg/day resulting in CHR after 10 months, but persistence of the Ph chromosome on 95% of nuclei at FISH analysis. Dasatinib was then started at 140 mg/day. The resulting hematological toxicity, recorded on two occasions, required a dose reduction to 100 mg/day and transfusion support (3 RBC units). After 3 months of dasatinib treatment, FISH analysis showed the Ph chromosome to be present in 85% of the nuclei analyzed. After 5 months, CHR was no longer achieved: bone marrow examination revealed severe hypoplasia, and bone marrow biopsy showed 10% blasts and increased fibrosis. In FISH analysis, the Ph chromosome was present in 95% of the nuclei examined. Mutational analysis revealed the same point mutation. Nilotinib was then started at 400 mg twice a day, and the patient reached The addition of dasatinib and nilotinib to the treatment armamentarium for Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) improved the treatment of resistant and/or advanced phase (AP) patients. Recently, phase I trials with either agent have been conducted, and promising results have been achieved [1, 2] . Both compounds inhibit ABL as well as known mutant Abl kinases in vitro, except for T315I mutations. Nilotinib was designed from imatinib with higher affinity (more than 30-fold) to Abl kinase, whereas dasatinib was created as an inhibitor of Src kinase, but was found to inhibit the Abl kinase about 300 times more avidly [1, 2] . We describe a case of AP Ph+ CML who had acquired resistance to imatinib and responded to nilotinib after failing a second-line treatment with dasatinib. A 53-yearold woman was admitted for fever to our Department in December 2002. A complete peripheral blood cell count showed WBC 235 ! 10 9 /l with 2% blast cells, platelets 1.126 ! 10 9 /l and Hb 12 g/dl. Bone marrow examination revealed myeloid hyperplasia with 2% blasts and 15% promyelocytes. Standard cytogenetic analysis showed a normal karyotype, and FISH technique, performed on unseparated nucleated cells using differently labeled BCR and ABL probes (LSI BCR/ABL ES Dual Color Translocation Probe, Abbott Molecular Diagnostics), displayed the Ph chromosome in 54/81 nuclei; a characterization with painting karyotype evolution showed a masked Ph+ with 46 XX isch t(9; 22; 1) (q34;q11;p36) (wcp 9+, wcp 22+). Received: May 22, 2007 Accepted after revision: July 9, 2007 Published online: September 20, 2007


Landslides pose a recurring threat in the Himalayan region, leading to devastating consequences in terms of human casualties and property damage. This research introduces a groundbreaking approach to real-time landslide monitoring and prediction, leveraging an affordable sensor network. The system employs a network of wireless sensors strategically placed to continuously monitor environmental conditions and gather pertinent data. This data is then transmitted to a cloud server via a WiFi module, where it is integrated into the PowerBI platform for visualization and analysis. To predict landslides in real-time, the collected data is fed into a machine learning model. The performance of three algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and Decision Tree (DT), was evaluated using the acquired data. Among these algorithms, SVM demonstrated exceptional results, exhibiting low values for key error metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE=O.067), Mean Absolute Error (MAE=O.246), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE=0.204). Threshold values are determined based on the training model's output, enabling the generation of alerts and warnings at different levels. This innovative system significantly enhances preparedness and response strategies in landslide-prone areas, equipping stakeholders with timely information to effectively mitigate the impact on lives and infrastructure.


Most acute phase antipsychotic drug trials in schizophrenia last only a few weeks, but patients must usually take these drugs much longer. We examined the long‐term efficacy of antipsychotic drugs in acutely ill patients using network meta‐analysis. We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group register up to March 6, 2022 for randomized, blinded trials of at least 6‐month duration on all second‐generation and 18 first‐generation antipsychotics. The primary outcome was change in overall symptoms of schizophrenia; secondary outcomes were all‐cause discontinuation; change in positive, negative and depressive symptoms; quality of life, social functioning, weight gain, antiparkinson medication use, akathisia, serum prolactin level, QTc prolongation, and sedation. Confidence in the results was assessed by the CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta‐Analysis) framework. We included 45 studies with 11,238 participants. In terms of overall symptoms, olanzapine was on average more efficacious than ziprasidone (standardized mean difference, SMD=0.37, 95% CI: 0.26‐0.49), asenapine (SMD=0.33, 95% CI: 0.21‐0.45), iloperidone (SMD=0.32, 95% CI: 0.15‐0.49), paliperidone (SMD=0.28, 95% CI: 0.11‐0.44), haloperidol (SMD=0.27, 95% CI: 0.14‐0.39), quetiapine (SMD=0.25, 95% CI: 0.12‐0.38), aripiprazole (SMD=0.16, 95% CI: 0.04‐0.28) and risperidone (SMD=0.12, 95% CI: 0.03‐0.21). The 95% CIs for olanzapine versus aripiprazole and risperidone included the possibility of trivial effects. The differences between olanzapine and lurasidone, amisulpride, perphenazine, clozapine and zotepine were either small or uncertain. These results were robust in sensitivity analyses and in line with other efficacy outcomes and all‐cause discontinuation. Concerning weight gain, the impact of olanzapine was higher than all other antipsychotics, with a mean difference ranging from –4.58 kg (95% CI: –5.33 to –3.83) compared to ziprasidone to –2.30 kg (95% CI: –3.35 to –1.25) compared to amisulpride. Our data suggest that olanzapine is more efficacious than a number of other antipsychotic drugs in the longer term, but its efficacy must be weighed against its side effect profile.


A new computer code (MARVIN), employing two-dimensional (2D) periodic boundary conditions, has been developed for the simulation of surfaces and interfaces. The models and methodologies incorporated within the program are discussed. The utility of the program in calculating crystal morphologies is explored using α-Al2O3 and zircon as examples. The important aspects of these calculations are that they include the use of covalent-type force fields in the latter potential model and that the effects of surface relaxation on the growth morphology are calculated for the first time. It is demonstrated that relaxation has a much larger effect on the equilibrium morphology than the growth morphology, but it can still be significant on the latter. A previously derived relationship between the growth and equilibrium morphologies is shown not to hold for relaxed systems. The growth morphologies are found to be in better agreement with experiment than the equilibrium morphologies since the latter overestimates the importance of high-index faces, especially after relaxation. Finally, the calculated surface relaxation for the basal plane of α-Al2O3 is found to be in complete agreement with Hartree–Fock ab initio calculations, verifying that the bulk potentials transfer to this surface.


Methods are described for preparing serial sections of paraffin-embedded mature corn and wheat kernels. Prior to embedding corn kernels are killed and fixed in formalin-aceto-alcohol (FAA), then steeped 5 days in 50% glycerol. After embedding by a special procedure, a thin slice is cut from one side of the kernel and the first few cell layers removed. The exposed surface is submerged in 20% glacial acetic acid in 60% ethanol for 2 or 8 days depending on the surface exposed, 2 days in air at 100% relative humidity at room temperature, and 2 days in air at 100% relative humidity at 8°C, successively. Wheat kernels, fixed in formalin-aceto-alcohol and embedded by the regular paraffin procedure, are similarly trimmed to expose a surface which is submerged in 20% glacial acetic acid in 60% ethanol for 2 days, 2 days in air at 100% relative humidity at room temperature and 2 days in air at 100% relative humidity at 8°C, successively. The corn and wheat kernels prepared by these methods give good serial sections...


Agricultural plays a significant role in human survival and it has become much more essential due to population increase and food demand, and hence the crop yield has to be produced according to the demand. However, one of the reason that quality and quantity of the crop gets compromised is the disease and in past various methodology has been proposed, however they lack on the various model metrics or the segmentation is achieved for the particular leaf,. In this paper, we have proposed a methodology named as SCPA (Segmentation through Connected Pixel Approach). The main objective of this paper is to achieve high accuracy segmentation. SCPA is the two step approach first we find the ROI(Region of Interest) of the particular leaf and in the second approach we find the instance based ROI i.e. for the whole plant, here both the step are performed simultaneously through incorporating one another. Moreover, SCPA is optimized iterative-based method and it is achieved through the approach of connected pixel approach. Connected pixels are the one where the edge of one pixel is connected to the other. When performed on the LSC dataset we achieve the accuracy of 95.10%. This methodology is compared with the various state of art model and existing system by considering the model metric such as SBD, the results shows that SCPA model performs better than the other exiting method also the pictorial comparison of segmented leaf are shown and it shows our model identify it well when compared to others.


The robustness of registration measures is one of the most frequently considered problems in image registration process. The robustness of some dominant registration measures to overlay area changing is discussed by using statistic method. In addition,quantitative analysis is included. The results indicate that the linear correlativity between these registration measures and overlay area is very prominent. Among these registration measures,the normalized mutual information H(A)+H(B)/H(A,B) has the smallest variation coefficient while Absolute Difference(AD)has the largest coefficient. Image registration using this normalized mutual information measures can reduce the performing time and speed up the image registration process in the condition of ensuring accuracy,which has been validated in the registration tests.


Starting from exemplifying and recognizing the impacts, risks and damages caused by some artificial intelligence systems, and under the argument that the ethics of artificial intelligence and its current legal framework are insufficient, the first objective of this paper is to analyze the models and evaluative practices of algorithmic impacts to astimate which are the most desirable. The second objective is to show what elements algorithmic impact assessments should have. The theoretical basis for the analysis of models, taken from Hacker (2018), starts from showing the discrimination due to lack of guarantees that the input data is representative, complete, and purged of biases, in particular historical bias coming from representations made by intermediaries. The design to discover the most desirable evaluation instrument establishes a screening among models and their respective inclusion of the elements present in the best practices at a global level. The analysis sought to review all algorithmic impact evaluations in the relevant literature at the years 2020 and 2021 to gather the most significant lessons of good evaluation practices. The results show the convenience of focusing on the risk model and six essential elements in evaluations. The conclusions suggest proposals to move towards quantitative expressions of qualitative aspects, while warning of the difficulties in building a standardized evaluation formula. It is proposed to establish four levels: neutral impacts, risks, reversible and irreversible damage, as well as four protection actions: risk prevention, mitigation, repair and prohibition.


Obesity is a known risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer, and is associated with worse disease prognosis in pre- and postmenopausal women. Adjuvant hormonal therapies improve disease prognosis in obese women, but many still recur. Given that obesity induces inflammation and increases levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, resulting in tumor proliferation, this retrospective study investigated if women on anti-inflammatory drugs would have improved disease outcomes by reduced production of prostaglandins by COX-2 pathway. Four hundred and forty women treated for invasive breast cancer in San Antonio clinics were included . Cases were classified as


[Objective] To observe the clinical effect of the combined traditional Chinese medicine therapy in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR).[Methods] 64 CSR patients were randomly divided into comprehensive treatment group and control group.The comprehensive treatment group was treated with herb steaming,cupping,traction,acupuncture,massage therapy,and the control group was treated by pure Chinese massage.Total treatment period was 28 days.[Results] In the comprehensive treatment group 16 cases were cured,9 cases were significantly effective,4 cases were effective and 2 cases were failured.The total cure rate was 93.55%.Meanwhile,in the control group,11 cases were cured,5 cases were significantly effective,8 cases were effective and 9 cases were failured,and its total cure rate was 72.73%.[Conclusion] The combined traditional Chinese medicine therapy has the advantage of short treating course,quick curative effect,high cure rate,and low recurrence rate.


The Barth-Van de Ven-Tyurin-Sato Theorem states that any finite-rank vector bundle on the complex projective ind-space is isomorphic to a direct sum of line bundles. We establish sufficient conditions on a locally complete linear ind-variety which ensure that the same result holds on . We then exhibit natural classes of locally complete linear ind-varieties which satisfy these sufficient conditions. Bibliography: 18 titles.


The hazard of blackout occurrence in the Polish national power system keeps growing. In the blackout conditions one of the protection methods is to separate a balanced load island as a power source for a municipal CHP. The paper discusses the significance of a municipal CHP as a guarantee of local and global power safety. It also includes an analysis of hazardous conditions for the CHP technical equipment when voltage collapse occurs in the system as well as a discussion of technical aspects concerning adjustment of the equipment and auxiliaries to islanding conditions or auxiliary services.


Two-year results on the first ab interno micro-stent designed to drain into the suprachoroidal space show good efficacy and safety profiles.


 The first thing you need to do is identify what you want to negotiate, then prioritize that list. If you want to negotiate start date, and money, negotiate the most important item first.  Next, limit your 'asks' to three. Don't ask for an increase in salary, a higher sign on bonus, relocation money and a different start date.  For example, if salary is your number one priority and they do give you additional money after you ask, go back to your list and see what you're other top 2 items are which can be situational to how they respond. If they don't give you a higher salary, then you may see if they would give you a sign on bonus instead. If they do give you a higher salary, you may decide to leave out asking for a higher sign on bonus and see if they will help give you money to relocate and if they're flexible on the start date.


Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of the culture of control in conditions of mediatization – an integral part of the modern social world of the city. The specificity of the view on the problem lies in the departure from the functional technicality of positivist research into the field of ontological and social reflection, expanding the analytical range of revealing the meaning. In the multimedia environment of the city, rapid orientation without special selective criteria resulting from expectation, search for certain objects, or intent to act requires a broad rather than a focus strategy of forms and methods of control. Theoretical analysis. A horizon of understanding control as a not completely reduced to the coercive and punitive functions formal process, but a culturally mediated phenomenon is proposed. The procedure for considering attention as an intentional act, or event, as a resource of culture and a source of spiritual work for constituting the meanings of human reality is singled out. In the spiritual and anthropological context, it is shown that attention is not only an orienting reflex, but an internal basis that is not associated with observation strategies in the form of mechanical external perception. The value of attention is determined by its maximally dense expedient concentration, which makes it possible to overcome states of lack of control and absent-mindedness. Conclusion. It has been established that the culture of control is a specific mental device that has the ability to capture the associative adjacency and mutual connection of things which are even distant from each other. Being an effective "screed" of intuitively grasped and reflected forms of meaning, it provides the basis for understanding everything that was personally perceived in its essence and completeness.


241 matography–based quality control systems. The current challenge facing the generatorbased and modular-based systems is the difficulty in producing sufficient quantities of radiopharmaceuticals for multiple patients with a single elution and standardizing practices across facilities. With advancements in technology, this will become possible in the future, for widespread clinical adaptability. Rapid approval of multiple SPECT and PET radiopharmaceuticals by the FDA in recent years is affecting patient management and care. Fluorine-18-fluciclovine was approved in 2016 by the FDA for the diagnosis of recurrent castration-resistant prostate cancer in men with increasing prostate-specific antigen level [4] and is now reimbursed by the CMS, benefiting patients and affecting management strategies. The approval of three amyloid PET radiopharmaceuticals by the FDA (18F-florbetapir, 18F-flutemetamol, and 18Fflorbetaben) in recent years paved the way for a CMS-funded ongoing clinical trial, Imaging Dementia—Evidence for Amyloid Scanning (IDEAS) study [5], which is investigating the value of patient-oriented outcomes. The study has been activated at 925 sites, 594 practices, and 358 imaging facilities and has accrued 11,051 participants with 10,222 PET/CT scans performed across the United States, as of June 12, 2017. These are markers of tremendous progress in our field. Iodine-123-ioflupane, a SPECT radiopharmaceutical approved by the FDA in 2011 and reimbursed by the CMS [6], has been invaluable for patients to differentiate essential tremor from parkinsonian syndromes and drug-induced tremor. Technetium-99mtilmanocept, another SPECT radiopharmaceutical approved by the FDA in 2013 for detecting sentinel lymph nodes [7], is useful in decision making for node dissections for metastases. Quantitative imaging is a critical component in driving precision medicine. Advancements in digital detector technology and their deployment in clinical PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and PET/MRI systems are propelling higher sensitivity for detecting lesions, reducing crine tumors showed promising results and improved patient survival outcomes. Suitable patients with neuroendocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 can be identified using 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, which was approved by the FDA for clinical care in 2016 [2] and approved for reimbursement by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) in 2017 [3]. PET/CT with 68Ga-DOTATATE can also be used for therapy assessment of these patients, to evaluate the success of the therapy or to identify patients with resistance to therapy, thus paving the way for personalized medicine. Another important theragnostic success for nuclear medicine is targeting of the prostatespecific membrane antigen (PSMA) for the diagnosis (68Ga-PSMA) and treatment (177LuPSMA) of prostate cancer, which is in early clinical trials in the United States and is used for clinical care outside the United States. Its success is the result of meeting the significant clinical need to identify very early recurrence sites (prostate-specific antigen level < 0.2 ng/mL) in more than 80% of patients. It has proven to be effective in treating metastatic prostate cancer that is resistant to conventional hormone and chemotherapy combinations. Another advancement that has a significant effect on patient care and personalized nuclear medicine is the development of novel generator systems and kitand cassette-type systems for radiosynthesis and radiopharmacy for positron emitters and their theragnostic counterparts. In accordance with the standards of good manufacturing practice for human use, 68Ga-DOTATATE currently is produced and distributed for clinical care, and 177Lu-DOTATATE, 68Ga-PSMA, and 177Lu-PSMA are produced and deployed in clinical trials under FDA investigational new drug applications or under expandedaccess investigational new drug applications. This has become feasible using cation exchange–based postprocessing methods using automated modules and thin-layer chromatography–based and instant thin-layer chroGuest Editorial: Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging—An Impactful Decade of Contributions to Patient Care and Driving Precision Medicine


Internet of Battery-less Things (IoBT) has recently emerged as a promising solution to enable prolonged lifetime for Internet of Things, by utilizing energy harvesting technology. With insufficient computational power reside in and time-varying energy availability for a single IoBT system, collaborative operation is desired to shorten the data processing time for IoBT networks. In this paper, we propose a novel collaborative in-network processing framework, combining feasibility check, latency-aware data partition (LDP), and joint computation and transmission optimization (JCTO). At the beginning of every slot, a capacity planning module provides an upper bound of the feasible input data size for the IoBT networks. LDP reduces the overall latency by providing efficient input data partition and considering the latency and remaining energy constraints. By jointly optimizing the micro control unit frequency and wireless transmit power, the proposed framework further reduces the overall data processing latency. The real world energy harvesting profiles are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology. Compared with the existing strategies, the proposed framework achieves significantly lower overall latency of collaborative in-network processing. The simulation results also show that the overall latency is close to the minimal latency after three rounds of iterative optimizations of LDP and JCTO.


Previous empirical studies on inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth generate mixed results. This article suggests that the ambiguous results might be caused by the use of total FDI. We study the heterogeneous effects of different sector-level FDI inflows on host country's economic growth. Data from 12 Asian economies over the period of 1987 to 1997 are employed. Strong evidence shows that FDI in manufacturing sector has a significant and positive effect on economic growth in the host economies. FDI inflows in nonmanufacturing sectors do not play a significant role in enhancing economic growth. Furthermore, without the decomposition of total FDI inflows, the effect of manufacturing FDI on host country's economic growth is understated by at least 48%.


The photon beam from Cobalt-60 can kill both neoplastic and normal cells (including bone marrow and bone cells) and result in various damage of tissues, especially inducing growth retardation of bone of young animals and osteoporotic fracture of adult animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative response of bone cells and osteogenesis to Co-60 irradiation by using the in vitro rat bone marrow culture system, bone histomorphometry, light and electron microscopy. Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned into four groups; each group was irradiated 0, 100, 400 or 1600 rad of irradiation and sacrificed 1, 2 and 5 days after irradiation. With the Ficoll-Paque density gradient separation method, light density (LD) bone marrow white cells were collected and counted. There was a significant decrease in number of LD bone marrow white cells with an increase in dosage of Cobalt-60. In addition, ten days after adding LD marrow cells, the number and size of bone colonies formed in the irradiated group was significantly decreased as compared to that in the control. The results of this study indicated that Cobalt-60 irradiation could: 1) decrease the number of bone marrow cells (especially light density bone marrow white cells, 2) reduce the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells and the activity of osteoblast and 3) inhibit the osteogenesis.


extending the concept of analyticity, in particular discrete function theory, pseudoanalytic functions in the sense of Bers, and monogenic functions. Of special interest here is the very clear survey paper by Professor Habetha "On the zeros of elliptic systems of first order in the plane". The second section is concerned mainly with singular integral operators, a subject to which Muskhelishvili made many fundamental contributions. Particularly welcome here is the paper by Professor Mikhailov reviewing some of the recent results obtained by him and his co-workers. The final section contains a variety of papers connected with boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations and the solution of integral equations arising in the theory of elasticity. The reviewer found the long paper by S. Christiansen in this section on "Kupradze's functional equations for plane harmonic problems" very interesting. Overall this book should be of considerable interest to those mathematicians either working in the area of function theoretic methods in differential equations or those who are simply interested in finding out what some of the more important lines of research are in this field.


The present invention, a specific location, the nanotube density and an array of carbon nanotubes arranged in a longitudinal direction having an orientation, as well as to provide a corresponding method for manufacturing a nanotube array using inductive growth method and induction deposition. Also includes a multilayer nanotube array structures and devices are also provided an electronic device and device array comprising one or more arrays of carbon nanotubes arranged in the longitudinal direction. .FIELD 1E


AbstractProcess physics2 is, like all physics, a model of reality. However, unlike traditional substance-based versions, process physics implements many process philosophical concepts, perhaps most notably, the notion of internal relations. It argues that the universe can best be understood in terms of selfreferential semantic information that is remarkably similar to mathematical stochastic neural networks research in biology. It argues that information patterns generate new information through causal efficacy and, ultimately, internal integration, generating self-organising patterns of relationships. These patterns or relations have an intrinsic value inherent in their self-actualisation and thereby experience a subjective unity in response to influences from the totality of their past. The result is an internally related self-organising stream of experiences that provides a defining essence objectively distinguishable in abstraction and as exhibiting all the characteristics of a quantum space and quantum matter.In process physics, therefore, quantum phenomena emerge where no prior assumption regarding their existence is made or prescribed at the start. Rather, they are internally generated as an inherent feature of an experientially becoming reality, growing in size over time and thus having an observable key feature — i.e. a 'defining essence' — of an expanding universe. Reality itself is now understood — and modeled — as having a primitive form of self awareness. By this we mean that it has, in the process philosopher Alfred North Whitehead's words, prehensions of other actualities as objects in terms of their 'provocation of some special activity within the subject'.3 In more biologically complex information systems these ultimately lead to experiential integration as conscious discrimination of contrasts in prior experiences. Reality is, ultimately, not about the identification of isolated individuals through externality, but related individuals through internality.The purpose of this paper is to arrive at a point whereby we might apply these ultimate principles of reality to management. To do this, we shall start by considering Whitehead's own renderings of management issues, before turning to the use management studies has or has not made of his work. In the light of this discussion, we shall question the principle of deconstructive postmodernism that underpins this body of work. We shall then ask whether and to what extent Whiteheadian principles might help explain organisations as 'event fields' 4 within which 'persons-in-communities'5 reside. This will then allow us to consider organisations in terms of a process reinterpretation of physics. In so doing, we shall uncover a final contradiction, between Whitehead's understanding of organisation and his principles concerning the application of metaphysics, to which we shall at least indicate a solution.


The United States and the Music Educators National Conference were well represented at the International Society for Music Education meeting in Tokyo, Japan. President of the MENC, Alex H. Zimmerman, presided at a general session. Executive Secretary of the MENC, Vanett Lawler, as ISME Treasurer, had an official role to play. Many professionally excellent papers were read by delegates from the United States. Among the speakers were: Harold Arberg, Specialist in Music Education and Acting Director of the Cultural Affairs Branch of the United States Office of Education, representing the United States Government; Vanett Lawler; Barbara B. Smith, Professor of Music, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; Geneva Nelson, Associate Professor of Music Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Mantle Hood, Professor of Music, Director of the Institute of Ethnomusicology, University of California, Los Angeles; Donald Paul Berger, Music Director, The American School in Tokyo; and Elizabeth May, ethnomusicologist of Los Angeles, California.


A pilot multi-centre randomized controlledtrial was carried out to compare ancrod (Arvin, Knoll) versus no medical treatment in 453 patients having surgery for fractured neck of femur to assess prevention of fatal post-operative pulmonary embolism (PE).Ancrod was given subcutaneously by 5 daily injections starting immediately post-operatively; initially 4u/kg bw were given followed by 4 injections of 1u/kg bw, to reduce fibrinogen levels to 80mg/dl. The primary objective of the study was to record mortality due to PE, as shown by the DeathCertificate, within 3 months after surgery.Death Certificates were analysed by 2 medical assessors, unaware of the patient treatment group. Of 239 control patients, not given ancrod, there were 5 deaths due to PE and 2 deaths where PE may have been contributory. Total deaths were 30 (12.5%). In 214 ancrod treated patients there were 2 deaths due to PE and a further 3 where it may have been contributory. Total deaths were 31 (14.5%), not significantly different from the control group. Deaths from PE occurred between16 and 66 days after surgery. Although in this study there was abeneficial tendency for ancrod to reduce fatal PE it is likely that at least 6,000 patients would be needed to demonstrate that any drug significantly reduces by 50% the incidence of fatal PE compared to the control group. Wound infection was recorded in 16 patients in both groups. Wound haematomas were seen in 26 ancrod patients compared to 6 controls (p<0.02) but were not sufficiently serious to warrant re-exploration or prolonged hospital stay. The low mortality due to PE in our patients with fractured neck of femur (2%) is contrasted with the figures of Sevitt & Gallagher, 1959(8%). The low incidence of fatal PE in thehigh risk group studied here should be taken into account when assessing future antithrombotic prophylaxis after surgery. Advances in anaesthetics, surgery and rehabilitation may have contributed to the decline in fatal post-operative PE. Effective assessment of drugs for prophylaxis against post-operative venous thrombosis is best carried out by large scale simple controlled trials using fatal PE a the primary end point. Collaborative Centres were located in Portsmouth, Cape Town, Glasgow, Belfast and Leeds.


Both theory and practice have proved that there are various techniques, methods, means and systems applied for
planning the business processes, but their main disadvantage is that they are more or less standalone and are evaluated only
in terms of the resulting financial performance. The existing planning processes management systems often do not yield the
desired results. They are fractional and cannot be integrated within the overall strategy of the company or adapted for the
achievement of specific financial and economic results. In order to achieve a radical turn in the activities of the companies
we need radical changes, including changes in their planning, assessment, and management systems. The standardization
method for planning and management of planning processes is the principal trend of development of the tools for
implementation of the BPI concept. Through the implementation of these standards the com panies receive results which are
being constantly improved.


Membrane‐bound proteinase 3 (PR3) is the main target antigen of anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), a systemic small‐vessel vasculitis. Binding of ANCA to membrane PR3 triggers neutrophil activation with the secretion of enzymatically active PR3 and additional granule proteins, thereby contributing to vascular damage. PR3 and related neutrophil serine proteases (NSP) are activated from proforms by the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin C (CatC) during neutrophil maturation. We hypothesized that pharmacological inhibition of CatC provides an effective measure to reduce intracellular and membrane‐bound PR3 and has therefore implications as a novel therapeutic approach in GPA. We first studied PR3 in neutrophils from 21 patients with Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), a genetic form of CatC deficiency. PLS neutrophil lysates showed a largely reduced, but still detectable (0.5–4%) PR3 activity when compared to healthy control cells. The PR3 membrane expression on activated PLS neutrophils was diminished by approximately 80% as shown by flow cytometry. We then explored the effect of a potent cell permeable nitrile CatC inhibitor on PR3 expression in normal neutrophils using a CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell model. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were treated with a CatC inhibitor during neutrophil differentiation over 10 days. We observed complete abrogation of membrane PR3, cellular PR3 protein and proteolytic PR3 activity whereas neutrophil differentiation was not compromised. Our data suggest that pharmacological CatC inhibition could provide an attractive novel treatment strategy for PR3‐ANCA associated autoimmune vasculitis that should be explored further.


The Domain Name System (DNS) protocol has been in use for over thirty years. As the primary method of resolving domain names to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, it is a fundamental component of the Internet. Despite its position of importance, the protocol lacks built-in security mechanisms to address confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Malware can use DNS to fulfill attacker objectives, such as establishing command and control (C2) or exfiltrating data. Various enhancements have been implemented in an attempt to address security after-the-fact. The latest such enhancement is DNS over HTTPS. Methods have also been developed to detect malware's use of DNS. In this paper, we review the weaknesses of the DNS protocol and how malware has abused those weaknesses, enhancements to DNS security, and how malware uses DNS and how that use is detected, with a special emphasis on the effects that DNS over HTTPS may have on an organization's security.


Zinc increased the uptake and retention of ammonia-nitrogen (NHa-N) concomitant with increased growth of a strain of Helminthosporium cynodontis. Zinc also stimulated increased growth with nitrate or nitrite as the nitrogen source, although this organism exhibits preferential utilization of NH3-N. While NH3-N uptake in the presence of glucose was identical in pregrown zinc-replete and zinc-deficient mycelia, only zincreplete mycelia retained significant quantities following efflux of the NH3-N in ammonia-free buffer. In the absence of glucose, neither zinc-replete nor zinc-deficient mycelia retained an appreciable amount of the NHs-N. Exogenous zinc addition to pregrown zinc-deficient mycelia had no effect on either the uptake or retention of NHs-N. The uptake of NH8-N by this organism is apparently a passive process, but its retention requires the presence of a zinc-dependent assimilative capacity. Glutamic dehydrogenase activity of zinc-replete mycelia was significantly higher than that from zinc-deficient mycelia and the specific activity increased when increasing concentrations of zinc were added to the growth medium. The data suggest a role for zinc in the incorporation of NH3-N through glutamic dehydrogenase in this organism.


Within a robot autonomy stack, the planner and controller are typically designed separately, and serve different purposes. As such, there is often a diffusion of responsibilities when it comes to ensuring safety for the robot. We propose that a planner and controller should share the same interpretation of safety but apply this knowledge in a different yet complementary way. To achieve this, we use Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability theory at the planning level to provide the robot planner with the foresight to avoid entering regions with possible inevitable collision. However, this alone does not guarantee safety. In conjunction with this HJ reachability-infused planner, we propose a minimally-interventional multi-agent safety-preserving controller also derived via HJ-reachability theory. The safety controller maintains safety for the robot without unduly impacting planner performance. We demonstrate the benefits of our proposed approach in a multi-agent highway scenario where a robot car is rewarded to navigate through traffic as fast as possible, and we show that our approach provides strong safety assurances yet achieves the highest performance compared to other safety controllers.


ABSTRACT Although posttraumatic growth (PTG) has received growing attention, the relationship between PTG and distress remains unclear. This longitudinal study examines the relationship between posttraumatic obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and PTG. Israeli veterans were followed over 17 years using self-report questionnaires of OC symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTG. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that OC symptoms predicted PTG, even when initial PTG levels and PTSD symptoms were controlled for in the combatants group. These preliminary findings suggest that OC symptoms may play an important role in facilitating psychological growth. Future research is warranted to explore the mechanisms responsible for this relationship.


A central problem in motor research has been to understand how sensory signals are transformed to generate a goal-directed movement. This problem has been formulated as a set of coordinate transformations that begins with an extrinsic coordinate frame representing the spatial location of a target and ends with an intrinsic coordinate frame describing muscle activation patterns. Insight into this process of sensorimotor transformation can be gained by examining the coordinate frames of neuronal activity in interconnected regions of the brain. We recorded the activity of neurons in primary motor cortex (M1) and ventral premotor cortex (PMv) in a monkey trained to perform a task which dissociates three major coordinate frames of wrist movement: muscle, wrist joint, and an extrinsic coordinate frame. We found three major types of neurons in M1 and PMv. The first type was termed 'extrinsic-like'. The activity of these neurons appeared to encode the direction of movement in space independent of the patterns of wrist muscle activity or joint movement that produced the movements. The second type was termed 'extrinsic-like with gain modulation'. The activity of these neurons appeared to encode the direction of movement in space, but the magnitude (gain) of neuronal activity depended on the posture of the forearm. The third type was termed 'muscle-like' since their activity co-varied with muscle activity. The great majority of the directionally-tuned neurons in the PMv were classified as 'extrinsic-like' (48/59, 81%). A smaller group was classified as 'extrinsic-like with gain modulation' (7/59, 12%). In M1, the three types of neurons were more equally represented. Our results raise the possibility that cortical processing between M1 and PMv may contribute to a sensorimotor transformation between extrinsic and intrinsic coordinate frames. Recent modeling studies have demonstrated the computational plausibility of such a process. # 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.


. The main aim of this article is to study and develop valuation theory for Krasner hyperfields. In analogy with classical valuation theory for fields, we generalise the formalism of valuation rings to describe equivalence of valuations on hyperfields. After proving basic results and discussing several examples, we focus on the valued hyperfields that Krasner originally defined in 1957. We find that these must have a particular additive structure which in turns implies the existence of a valuation a'la Krasner. We note that given such a valued hyperfield ( F,v ) , the valuation induced by its additive structure does not have to be equivalent to v . We discuss the cases in which it does.