Research on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is currently an area of intense scientific interest in a wide variety of technological areas, due to the great potential of these materials in different applications such as catalysis, wastewater treatment, design of pigments and coatings, chemical analysis, development of biomedical devices, etc. In general, MNPs exhibit enhanced physical and chemical properties, i.e. magnetic permeability, chemical reactivity, surface area, as compared to macroscopic materials and thus, their integration in existing technologies could lead to processes energetically and economically more efficient [1]. Forward Osmosis (FO) processes are receiving increasing attention in fields such as wastewater remediation, desalination, food processing, pharmaceutical industry and power generation but working with effective and reusable draw solutions still remains a challenge. The use of draw solutions formulated with magnetic nanoparticles (MNP's) and coupled with a magnetic separation stage for the draw solution re-concentration provides a clear advantage over other technical options. Draw solutions provide high osmotic pressure gradients which promote water fluxes through the membrane. In particular, MNP's used in the formulation of FO draw solutions consist of magnetite (Fe3O4) cores functionalized with hydrophilic polymeric moieties able to provide an effective osmotic pressure gradient by the partial solubility of the surface-grafted groups. Due to the small size of these nanocomposites ( 20 nm), MNPs are superparamagnetic, and the use of a magnet provides a very simple and effective method of recovering these particles from the solution. Also, magnetic interactions are generally not affected by surface charges, pH, ionic concentrations or temperature, so this technology is very promising for the separation of magnetic materials from a fluid phase [2]. In this work, a continuous flow method capable of separating magnetic particles inside a microchannel is proposed. The advantages of this method lie in the possibility of controlling the movements of the particles under the influence of an external magnetic field and the continuous nature of the separation process, thus avoiding a possible aggregation of the J. Gómez-Pastora, E. Bringas, G.A. Esteban, J.M. Blanco and I. Ortiz 2 particles [3]. Particle motion is predicted using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques based on a Lagrangian tracking method, being the separation efficiency evaluated through the particle trajectories inside the microfluidic separation device. Impact parameters including geometrical configuration, fluid velocity, magnetic flux density and particle size are studied.


The representation of GUIs as documents is a technological trend that has been present for some years, but is only now about to significantly change the way in which most user interfaces are developed. This paper examines this change, explains the reasons behind it and the concepts involved. It compares the old fashioned way of programming user interfaces as code units with the document-based paradigm, explaining why the latter is preferable. Furthermore, it discusses how the document-based paradigm can be extended to a very comprehensive and well defined customization approach for GUIs, the document-oriented approach, which supports the paradigms of end-user development and robust content.


Erroneously high values for the birth weight of newborn infants were given by many eminent physicians as late as the middle of the last century.1
 Writing in 1825, Dr. James Kennedy of Glasgow states:
 Some new-born children have been known to be sixteell:–almost all the individuals of two large families were more than fifteen;–my own experience has furnished me with examples of two infants who were nineteen, one who was twenty, and another who had two teeth and was twenty-two pounds, at the time of their passing from the foetal state.–Such facts are curious:–they may afterwards come to be useful illustrations of the natural history of man.2


The problem of bandit with graph feedback generalizes both the multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem and the learning with expert advice problem by encoding in a directed graph how the loss vector can be observed in each round of the game. The mini-max regret is closely related to the structure of the feedback graph and their connection is far from being fully understood. We propose a new algorithmic framework for the problem based on a partition of the feedback graph. Our analysis reveals the interplay between various parts of the graph by decomposing the regret to the sum of the regret caused by small parts and the regret caused by their interaction. As a result, our algorithm can be viewed as an interpolation and generalization of the optimal algorithms for MAB and learning with expert advice. Our framework unifies previous algorithms for both strongly observable graphs and weakly observable graphs, resulting in improved and optimal regret bounds on a wide range of graph families including graphs of bounded degree and strongly observable graphs with a few corrupted arms.


A seasonal solar soil heat storage (SSSHS) system applied in greenhouse heating has been designed and introduced. The system consists of solar collector subsystem, soil heat storage subsystem, greenhouse heating subsystem, hydronic subsystem and control subsystem. By applying soil heat storage, solar energy stored in the soil under the greenhouse can be transferred and utilized in winter to realize the utilization of cross-seasonal energy. TRNSYS is used to simulate the process and effect in the system of the solar energy collection and soil heat storage in Shanghai, and the simulation is calibrated to improve the precision of the TRNSYS model. When the indoor air temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 12°C throughout the year, the energy saving by using the SSSHS system in Shanghai can be 46.2kWh/(m2∙year).


It puts forward that the excellence of construction quality is the basic measures and strategic thinking to promote progress in the quality.Through many excellence engineering practices of supervision,the engineering quality excellence of supervision work is introduced in this article,and the importance of the supervision's coordination,supervision and management work in the course of excellence are points out.


The electrical and mechanical coupling nanodamage in single ZnO nanobelts has been investigated by using a conductive atomic force microscope. The measured damage threshold voltage was found to decrease from 12 to 6 V as the loading forces were changed from 20 to 180 nN. The mechanism of the decrease in the damage threshold voltages is suggested to be attributed to the strain induced change in electric structures in ZnO.


The primary purpose of incorporating a set of internal controls in the financial information system is to enhance the system's reliability-i.e., to maintain a high probability of preventing, detecting, and eliminating errors, irregularities, and fraud in the financial information system. The demonstrated reliability of the system provides evidence as to the quality of the output of the system. It is well accepted that the effectiveness of internal controls must be taken into account in determining the extent and nature of the audit procedures appropriate in a given examination.' The more reliable the system, the less extensive the tests the auditor need conduct. Recognizing this inverse relationship between effectiveness of internal control and audit scope, the American Institute of CPAs requires all auditors to initially evaluate the reliability of internal controls as a matter of audit standards.2 Recently, the Committee on Auditing Procedures of the AICPA released several statements on the subject of internal controls which re-emphasize the importance of the study of their reliability.3 But, despite this emphasis, the auditor currently does not possess a means to objectively evaluate the reliability of the internal control system. Conventionally, the auditor uses questionnaires, flow charts, and tests of transactions for evaluation pur-


Electronic data processors, computers, have been around since World War II. The first computers were used for decoding of German War codes. From the early l 950's to the l 970's there was a slow evolution of development which had little direct effect on bovine practitioners. The closest the profession came to computers was through Dairy Herd Improvement Centers which utilized large computers to help manage the production records. To this date, DHI Centers have concentrated on utilizing a large mainframe computer and maintaining a central data base. During the I 970's came a wave of new technology that led to the introduction of the microcomputer. This new technology has created an entirely new industry involving the microcomputer and the peripherals and services associated with it.


The article provides an overview of the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Energy Transition as a Factor of Influence on Energy Legislation", held on June 20, 2022 at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, co-organized by the Faculty of Law of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Perm State National Research University, Belgorod State National Research University, and Ulyanovsk State University. The authors describe the main areas of the sections' activities of the conference, where a comprehensive discussion was given to the issues of rethinking the energy transition in terms of the changed realities, the role and transformation of legal regulation in the framework of the energy transition, legal challenges of ensuring relations in the energy sector, impact of relations on institutions and other branches of law in the energy sector, etc.


Sandy Skoglund is surely among the best known artists which has a distinct place in contemporary art arena as a result of her interdisciplinary approach and unique style. She has produced a lot of controversial pieces which has linked the photography, sculpture and installation. She takes the contemporary urban life and the erosion which caused by the urban culture on our conscious as a originating point. As a result of her magnificent works which come from a consuming imagination, Skoglund is also one of the artists that art critics seriously focus on. In this article Sandy Skoglund's works will be tried to be explained in the context of genre, theme and process and will be analysed according to the opinions and interpretations of critics and philosophers. Anahtar Kelimeler Sandy Skoglund gerçeklik temsiliyet yerleştirme fotoğraf günümüz sanatı


The role of the interface in adherend-adherate combinations and in the strength of adhesive joints has been examined. For the former systems, practical adhesion (as determined experimentally, for example, by peel, tensile, or shear strengths) is a function of basic adhesion (determined by intermolecular, interactions such as van der Waals, electrostatic, or valence type forces) and many other factors. Adhesive joint strength depends pends upon the mechanical response of the various phases involved; however, the data in the literature on such strengths suggest the importance of surface chemical and energetic factors. Various such criteria, including, wetting, thermodynamic work of adhesion WA, and interfacial tension, ySL, for maximum joint strengths and the conditions which optimize these criteria are discussed. The testing of these factors against the literature data on adhesive joint strengths shows that the interfacial tension between the substrate and the adhesive (ysL) is the most important criterion; the lower the ySL, the higher the joint strength. In the case of adherend-adherate systems, (e.g., metallized polymers), basic adhesion can be improved by chemical bonding or electrostatic contributions, and this improvement may or may not be reflected in improved practical adhesion. Examples are cited where an increase in basic adhesion does culminate in improved practical adhesion. On the other hand, practical adhesion does not always correlate with basic adhesion due to the influence of other factors.


This article focuses on the impact of the new standard IFRS 16 Leases on the companies' key performance indicators. The magnitude of this impact could be said to change depending on the usage density of the lease in the companies and also depending on the sector they are in. The results show that future transactions may be influenced by IFRS 16 such as sale and leaseback, acquisitions and mergers, and lease vs. buying.


The main goal of the research presented here is to study the Inga speech community. Inga is a Quechuan language, and its community is spread around the south of Colombia; the study tackles the features of language contact, Spanish/Inga or amongst any other languages known and used by the members of the community. We shall pay special attention to those communities around Sibundoy Valley (Putumayo), Atante (Nariño), Bota Caucana (Cauca), as well as to those already settled in the large Colombian urban areas such as Bogotá and Cali. Our main goal is to render an adequate characterization of this indigenous community: its territorial situation, its sociolinguistic characteristics, the degree and type of bilingualism amongst its members, the survival of the community members and of the language itself, the use and distribution of the language across communicative fields, especially in a context of diglosia, multilingualism and multiculturality typical of and intrinsic to Colombia, and the study of language awareness and sociolinguistic attitudes of this community.


Impressive efficiency enhancement of 15.38% of crystalline-silicon solar-cell with Eu-doped silicate-phosphors and SiO2-layer using spin-on technique is demonstrated. Reflectance, external quantum efficiency, and photovoltaic I-V characteristics are used to examine the downshifting effectiveness.


Pseudancistrus sidereus is described from two collections of specimens from Amazonas, Venezuela. Pseudancistrus sidereus differs from all other members of Pseudancistrus based on the presence of a unique keel on the caudal peduncle formed from the concave dorsal sections of the plates in the ventral series, light spots on the body (these may be yellow in life) centered on the body plates and the absence of the characteristics of the more derived members of Pseudancistrus such as hypertrophied odontodes along the snout in males and females and the loss of evertibility of the cheek plates. Pseudancistrus includes Lithoxancistrus and Guyanancistrus and is diagnosed by the following synapomorphies: no suture between pterotic-supracleithrum and hyomandibula, no contact of the hyomandibula with the prootic, straight, spoon-shaped anterior process of metapterygoid, nasal bone not much wider than laterosensory canal running through it, sphenotic not contacting posteriormost infraorbital externally, and a short ventral ridge on the pelvic basipterygium (lost in some species). Two species formerly assigned to Guyanancistrus are placed in different genera. Hypostomus guacharote is placed in Lasiancistrus and Chaetostomus trinitatis is placed in Ancistrus.


Article is devoted to a problem of readiness of the teacher to professional-pedagogical activity. The professionalpedagogical culture is considered as the integrated characteristic of consciousness and consciousness of the teacher, moral-world outlook and aesthetic preconditions of his professionalpedagogical activity.


Abstract Using a long-term data set (1989–1999), we examined how changes in abundance of 2 ecologically dominant species, prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), affected the local diversity of a grassland rodent community at varying temporal scales. Species richness was associated positively with long-term fluctuations in the abundance of prairie voles and cotton rats over the 10-year period. Although increased vole densities consistently had a significantly negative effect on total community evenness, evenness of other community members was unaffected by fluctuating vole densities. Presence of cotton rats negatively affected both the relative abundance of other community members and the species richness during the years of high density (1991–1995), but did not exhibit longer-term influences. Thus, despite their numerical dominance, changes in prairie vole abundance had little ecological effect on the rest of the community, whereas the influence of cotton rats was density- and temporally dependent.


By use of data provided by the Department of Industry the temporal, spatial, and industrial characteristics of plants moving within and into North West England between 1966 and 1975 are explored. Details from a data bank of all industrial establishments in North West England allows greater spatial detail concerning the locations of migrant plants within each subregion. Merseyside is the dominant destination for newly opened plants whereas Manchester provides a pool of new entrepreneurship and a source of regionally mobile enterprise. Within Merseyside new openings concentrate in suburban locations, and the new towns also fare well. The policy implications of the research point toward the need for a flexible approach, geared less toward traditional sources of mobile industry but able to promote growth wherever it may occur within the region.


This articles examines an asymmetry in the acquisition of copula and auxiliary be in a longitudinal corpus of English-acquiring consecutive bilinguals (ages 6;4–9;2). I argue that a delay in the productive use of auxiliary be vis-a-vis the copula can be explained under a theory of early L2 grammar that assumes an underspecified AspP. If aspectual features are taken to be underspecified in the initial state, structures requiring aspectual specification are expected to appear in a non-finite form (bare -ing or bare stem). These predictions are borne out in the L2 data as - ing forms and bare stems occur in non-finite and often aspectually inappropriate contexts and that the aspectual errors occur while the copula is used in an adult-like way.


This paper describes RULEIN/RULEX; an automated technique for the refinement of a knowledge base. RULEIN constructs a Rapid Backprop (RBP) network from an initial, partially complete/accurate knowledge base which is formulated as a set of propositional rules. The RBP network is then trained on a set of examples drawn from the problem domain. RULEX is then applied to the weights of the trained network to extract a set of !refined propositional rules. The refined rule set represents the original knowledge base modified in the light of network training. Network training has the potential to remove inaccuracies in the original rule base, supplement partially correct initial rules, and add new rules. Rule initialisation can also speed up network learning by obviating the necessity of starting training from a tabula rasa configuration. RULEIN/RULEX is evaluated using rule !quality criteria and results are presented for some benchmark problems. The method has application in many areas but is particularly suited to overcoming the so called !knowledge acquisition bottleneck in the knowledge engineering phase of rule based expert system construction.


ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of applying dimensional analysis to obtain a relationship between friction factor and Reynolds number for flows through porous media using a directly measurable parameter such as hydraulic radius R, which is equal to void ratio e divided by the specific surface So, as characteristic length. Using this friction factor—Reynolds number relationship, theoretical curves, which are similar to Moody diagram used for pipe flow, are developed and verified with the help of existing experimental data. The relationships existing between the permeability k, the linear parameter a, the non-linear parameter b, the hydraulic radius R and the media constants are also obtained theoretically and verified with the available experimental data.


Introduction The study was performed to compare dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3-dimensional (3D) pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) MRI in gliomas with an aim to see whether arterial spin labeling (ASL)–derived cerebral blood flow (CBF) values can be used as an alternative to DCE-MRI for its grading. Materials and Methods Sixty-four patients with glioma (37 male; mean age, 43 years; 38 high grade and 26 low grade) underwent 3D-PCASL and DCE-MRI. The DCE indices (relative cerebral blood volume, rCBV; relative CBF, rCBF; permeability, ktrans and kep; and leakage, ve) and ASL (absolute and rCBF) values were quantified from the tumors. Student independent t test was used to compare ASL and DCE-MRI indices. Pearson correlation was used to see correlation between DCE- and ASL-derived CBF values in tumor and normal parenchyma. Results On Student t test, neither ASL-derived absolute CBF (P = 0.78) nor rCBF (P = 0.12) values were found to be significantly different in 2 groups, whereas DCE indices except ve were significantly higher in high-grade gliomas. Arterial spin labeling–derived rCBF values weakly correlated with DCE-derived rCBF values, whereas these did not show correlation in normal grey (P = 0.12, r = 0.2) and white (P = 0.26, r = 0.14) matter regions. Conclusions Three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling does not appear to be a reliable technique in the current form and may not be a suitable replacement for DCE in grading of glioma.


The progress of digital audio technology has enabled the familiar use of products such as CD and DAT in acoustic measurement. For example, a signal reproduced with a CD player is inputted into a subject for measurement and a DAT recorder records its response. However, the sampling cannot be synchronized completely with the input signal, although both nominal sample rates are set up equally, because the player and recorder work independently. The most popular solution is to use software to perform the synchronous addition after converting the recorded signal into the original sampling rate. However, the rate conversion also has an error due to the windowing in the high‐frequency region of the processed signal. This paper proposes a new method for averaging asynchronous sampling data to solve these problems. To evaluate performance, the transfer function of only measuring equipment estimated from asynchronous sampling data was compared with the measurement results in synchronous sampling conditions. Both results agreed within 0.1 dB, so the effectiveness of the new method was confirmed. In measuring the frequency response of a BPF when white noise is introduced, the proposed method was compared with the method using rate conversion. As a result, the noise reduction was almost the same, and the processing time was reduced to about one‐fourth. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(2): 33– 41, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20455


In this study, graphene quantum dot (GQD) modified g-C3N4 (GQDs/CN) composite photocatalysts were prepared. The photocatalytic ammonia degradation properties of the GQDs/CN composites were much higher than that of pure g-C3N4. When the amount of GQDs added reached 0.5 wt% the GQDs/CN composite showed the best performance for photocatalytic total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removing, and a 90% TAN removing rate was achieved in 7 hours under visible light illumination (200 mW cm−2), which is approximately 3 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4. The increased photocatalytic property was contributed by the photon adsorption ability and electron transfer capacity, which were improved after GQD modification. The main photocatalytic end-product of TAN was NO3− which is a type of environmentally green ion. Further results indicated that the oxygen concentration and pH value of the reaction solution were very important for the photocatalytic ammonia degradation process. A better performance could be achieved under a higher oxygen concentration and pH value.


Primordial black holes (PBHs) with mass 1016−1017 g almost escape constraints from observations so could essentially contribute to dark matter density. Hawking evaporation of such PBHs produces with a steady rate γ- and e±-radiations in MeV energy range, which can be absorbed by ordinary matter. Simplified estimates show that a small fraction of evaporated energy had to be absorbed by baryonic matter what can turn out to be enough to heat the matter so it is fully ionized at the redshift z∼ 5… 10. The result is found to be close to a borderline case where the effect appears, what makes it sensitive to the approximation used. In our approximation, degree of gas ionization reaches 50-100% by z∼ 5 for PBH mass (3…7)× 1016 g with their abundance corresponding to the upper limit.


Objective
To investigate the predictive value of PCT for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) in advance.

Methods
Clinical data of 62 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) and 19 consecutive patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy(DP) between Apr 2016 and Apr 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Patients with PD and DP were divided into pancreatic fistula group (12 cases, 3 cases), and non-pancreatic fistula group (50 cases, 16 case). The PCT, CRP and WBC count levels of preoperative and postoperative day 1, 3, 5 (POD1, POD3, POD5) were compared between two groups. The data were subjected to independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney rank sum test, χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and area under curve (AUC) was calculated to determine the cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity.

Results
For PD and DP patients, there were no significant difference on age, gender, BMI, diabetes, obstructive jaundice, preoperative laboratory test, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, tumor type between the two groups, which were comparable. For PD patients, postoperative hyperglycemia rate, postoperative ICU admission rate and total hospital stay of pancreatic fistula group were significantly higher than those of non- pancreatic fistula group (P=0.011, P=0.023, P 0.76 μg/L was the risk factor for POPF. For DP patients, the PCT levels of POD1, POD3 and POD5 had the same predictive value for pancreatic fistula.

Conclusion
PCT has early predictive value for POPF of PD patients.

Key words:
Pancreaticoduoden atectomy; Pancreatic fistula; Procalcitonin


Among the various causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer, perhaps the least well described is tumor embolism. This condition was first documented in 1897 by Schmidt (1), but since then most information on this topic has been in the form of case reports or autopsy series. The paucity of information is due in part to the failure to recognize this condition antemortem. A significant proportion of such patients are diagnosed as having pulmonary thromboembolism and are treated with anticoagulation. Although recent studies have attempted to diagnose and differentiate malignant embolism from thromboembolism, lung biopsy remains the procedure of choice. These studies as well as the clinical manifestations of tumor embolism are the focus of this report. Although the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor embolism are not yet well understood, our onderstanding of the phenomenon has improved substantially in the last decade. Tumor cells access the systemic circulation via active invasion of small veins, venules, or the tumor's own microvasculature (2). The pulmonary vascular bed receives the entire cardiac output and filters any cell with a diameter of 10 μm or greater (3). Most tumor cells in the circulation are destroyed either by mechanical and shear forces of the microcirculation or by the various effector cells of the immune system. In fact, less than 1% of tumor cells that enter the circulation survive the passage through the lungs (4-6). The surviving tumor cells have a wide spectrum of biological fates and clinical manifestations: (1) Tumor cells may remain asymptomatic. In fact, autopsy review studies have shown that 18% to 68% of tumor emboli are discovered as incidental findings (7, 8). (2) Tumor cells may present a clinical picture similar to thromboembolic disease (9-12). (3) Finally, neoplastic cells that reach the capillaries may traverse the endothelium and form a potential focus of metastasis (4, 13). Current evidence has shown that the simple entrapment of cells in the pulmonary vasculature is insufficient for metastasis. Tumor cells must (1) adhere to lung-specific adhesion molecules such as laminin and fibronectin located on the vascular endothelium and basement membrane, (2) produce enzymes that degrade elastin, a molecule which is preferentially located in the lung extracellular matrix, and (3) be able to grow in association with lung-specific growth factors. The subject of metastasis formation is beyond the scope of this report but has been reviewed elsewhere (14). This article will review the clinical and pathological manifestations of pulmonary tumor embolism, focusing mainly on the patient with cancer presenting with dyspnea and no obvi-


Background:  Primary dystonia is a movement disorder attributed mainly to basal ganglia dysfunction. Besides motor control, striatopallidal structures are known to implement also non‐motor functions including processing of cognitive and emotional information. Previous research has already demonstrated deficient recognition of emotional faces in patients with primary focal dystonia. However, it remains elusive if emotional prosody processing in dystonia is also affected.


The saturated absorption resonance of an intercombination transition of 88Sr (λ=689 nm) has been observed using a carefully designed external cavity laser diode and gas cell without buffer gas. A minimum linewidth of 0.7±0.1 MHz has been obtained. The comparison between Sr and Ca reference lines was performed for laser frequency stabilization.


Paul Baines, The House of Forgery in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1999. 195 pp. $94.95. Lance Bertelsen, Henry Fielding at Work: Magistrate, Businessman, Writer. New York: Palgrave, 2000. 232 pp. $49.95. Thomas M. Curley, Sir Robert Chambers: Law, Literature, and Empire in the Age of Johnson. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. 698 pp. $87.50. Hal Gladfelder, Criminality and Narrative in Eighteenth-Century England: Beyond the Law. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. 218 pp. $42.50. Netta Murray Goldsmith, The Worst of Crimes: Homosexuality and the Law in Eighteenth-Century London. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1998. 217 pp. $89.95. Dieter Paul Polloczek, Literature and Legal Discourse: Equity and Ethics from Sterne to Conrad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 269 pp. $65.00.


Backscattering of 32P negatrons and 22Na positrons has been studied as a function of target thickness in targets of aluminium, copper, tin and lead. The values of target thickness corresponding to saturation backscattering intensity are found to be independent of the nature of target and geometry of experiment but are different for negatrons and positrons. The Z-dependence of thin-target backscattering of negatrons and positrons is represented by an index whose values are found to be 2.0±0.1 and 1.72±0.05 respectively. These are found to be independent of the geometry of the experiment. The lower value of Z-dependence for positrons can be ascribed to their lower scattering cross-sections.


We examine the problem of planning the supply of rewards in coalition loyalty programmes considering that the buyer–supplier relationships with commercial partners are governed by option contracts rather than wholesale price contracts similar to what is commonly used in practice. We develop a two-stage stochastic linear programme model with simple recourse which considers uncertain demand requirements, limited reward purchasing budgets, multiple programme partners of various sizes, point-liability control targets and overall profitability. A sampling average approximation scheme is used to solve the model. Numerical experiments show that option contracts perform better than wholesale price contracts when redemption demand uncertainty is high and the number of redemption partners is large. The results also suggest that the common practice of increasing redemption capacities is not the most effective way to cope with demand uncertainties. Programmes that reduce redemption demand variability and/or create better contracting structures are more promising in improving points-liability, redemption budget spending and overall profitability than traditional approaches.


This paper demonstrates the possibility of determining the equivalent, in terms of the coincidence of differential mode delay diagram, refractive index profile of the multimode optical fiber by direct method and responses to pulse action, which are measured at the output through single-mode optical fiber. As an example, by using the measured data of the refractive index profile of the sample of multimode optical fiber and based on Gaussian approximation model impulse responses at the output of a short length single mode fiber, which was jointed with multimode fiber, were calculated. Multimode and single mode fibers were jointed with axial misalignment. Responses to impulse action were calculated for several values of axial misalignment of single-mode and multimode fiber. From the responses by the direct method the equivalent refractive index profile was determined. Comparison of the results of calculations of the differential-mode delay diagram for the investigated and the equivalent refractive index profiles showed their good agreement.


The present study is a bibliographical review with the objective of evaluating the acceptance and insertion of the EAD methodology by students and professionals in the area of Health, describing methodologies, their results and their impact on the training of participants. For this purpose, a search was made on recognized bases of scientific articles containing the expressions "EAD and health", "e-learning health", and "e-learning and health". A total of 43 articles were included, of which 11 were on national methodologies, and the others in several countries on different continents. In most of the methodologies the virtual learning environment was used, being Moodle the most cited platform, applied to both professionals already trained in the context of continuing education, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students, in a way complementary to face-to-face knowledge. Of the initiatives carried out, 90.5% had positive results, some of which were even better than comparative face-to-face methodologies, with negative results associated with the lack of engagement of tutors and teachers or the lack of dynamicity of the strategy. The present review shows that distance education has been used to improve, increase and consolidate knowledge inherent to the practice of these professions in a very useful way, besides, it allows, in Health, the democratization of access to resources, being a tool also of Public health.


Fatigue tests were conducted on groups of 65 millimeter-bore ball bearings under four levels of filtration with and without a contaminated MIL-L-23699 lubricant. The baseline series used noncontaminated oil with 49 micron absolute filtration. In the remaining tests contaminants of the composition found in aircraft engine filters were injected into the filter's supply line at a constant rate of 125 milligrams per bearing-hour. The test filters had absolute particle removal ratings of 3, 30, 49, and 105 microns (0.45, 10, 30, and 70 microns nominal), respectively. Bearings were tested at 15,000 rpm under 4580 newtons radial load. Bearing life and running tract condition generally improved with finer filtration. The 3 and 30 micron filter bearings in a contaminated lubricant had statistically equivalent lives, approaching those from the baseline tests. The experimental lives of 49 micron bearings were approximately half the baseline bearing's lives. Bearings tested with the 105 micron filter experienced wear failures. The degree of surface distress, weight loss, and probable failure mode were found to be dependent on filtration level, with finer filtration being clearly beneficial.


We consider the boundary value problem for the
 phase transition (PT) model, introduced in [4]
 and in [7].
 By using the wave-front tracking technique, we prove existence
 of solutions when the initial and boundary conditions have finite
 total variation.


: This paper offers a process to develop power factor of electrical generation system by mechanically controlling a power system. This presented method of enhancing is based on an clustering neural network. Consequently the CNN achieves sufficiently both quick and sluggish varying load. Normally the presentation of this suggested method was very acceptable to improve power system station as results to optimize power factor robotically. The simulation results have more features with CNN as compared with conventional power factor.


SUMMARY

Teleseismic travel times have been recorded along two lines of instruments traversing the Amadeus Basin and southern Arunta Block of central Australia for the purpose of examining the deep crustal and upper-mantle structure underlying these features. Pronounced differential travel times, approaching 1.5 s, and with major azimuthal variation, have been recorded. Most of the useful observations originated from events to the north (Japan-Marianas) and to the east (Fiji-Tonga) at epicentral distances of 40-65d. A few observations of southerly azimuth events (Macquarie Ridge and South Sandwich Islands) were also recorded. The inferred structure beneath the basin and block exhibits major lateral variations, the essential aspects of which are: (1) a zone of relatively high-velocity material dipping steeply northwards such that the continuation of its southern edge to the surface coincides approximately with a mylonitic shear zone known as the Redbank Deformed Zone; (2) a steeply dipping zone of relatively low-velocity material immediately to the south of this shear zone and partly underlying the high-velocity zone. If the travel times are interpreted in terms of an undulating Moho, variations in Moho depth of 20 km occur over horizontal distances of less than 50 km with relatively shallow Moho depths occurring immediately to the north of the Redbank Deformed Zone. Such an interpretation is consistent with the gravity anomalies observed across the geological structures. The inferred structure is out of hydrostatic equilibrium and departures from local isostasy approach 150 MPa. These stress-differences must have persisted during the 300 Ma following the Alice Springs Orogeny that led to the present crustal structure. Evidence, in the form of the surface topography and seismicity, suggests that some stress relaxation has occurred and still is occurring but not at the shear zone itself. At the time of the orogeny the structure may have been close to isostatic equilibrium, but as erosion took place complete local rebound did not occur, either because horizontal compressive forces still operated or because the strength of the lithosphere increased with time.


Yousheng Chen, a student at the Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering with emphasis on Structural Mechanics, is one of seven recipients of the award for Best performed diploma work from the Bo R...


Optical backplanes are of increasing interest for commercial and military avionic processors, and for commercial supercomputers. Projected interconnection density limits of electrical interconnects are rapidly becoming a bottleneck, preventing optimal exploitation of electronic processor capability. A potential obstacle to the commercial development of optoelectronic interconnect components for backplane-based systems is the small market for such specialized technology. In order to ensure that a cost effective solution is available for backplane based systems, commonality with a higher volume application is required. We describe optical packaging techniques for board level waveguides and multichip modules which exploit materials, processes and equipment already in widespread use in the electronics industry, and which can also be applied to a wide range of optoelectronic modules for local area network and telecommunications applications. Rugged polyetherimide waveguides with losses of 0.24 dB/cm have been integrated with conventional circuit board materials, and optoelectronic die have been packaged in a multichip module process using equipment normally used for purely electronic packaging. Practical optical interfaces and connectors have been demonstrated for board-to-backplane and board-to-multichip module applications, and offer increased pincount over their electrical counterparts while retaining compatibility with existing electrical connector alignment and fabrication tolerances.


128 Background: EPOCH-based chemotherapy regimens are traditionally administered inpatient because they include a continuous 96-hour infusion. These admissions are costly, and disruptive to patients' lives. We transitioned EPOCH-based chemotherapy regimens to an ambulatory infusion model at our safety-net hospital (Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX), where patients visit the infusion center daily for 5 days. Methods: Guidelines for chemotherapy administration and educational materials were developed through a multidisciplinary collaboration with physicians, nursing, and pharmacy. Data were collected through chart review and the finance department. Project costs included purchase of portable infusion pumps and increasing outpatient infusion clinic capacity. Patient satisfaction with home infusions compared to hospitalization was measured on a Likert-type scale via direct-to-patient survey. Results: From 1/30/2017 through 1/30/2018, a total of 87 cycles of EPOCH-based chemotherapy were administered to 23 unique patients. 61 (70%) of these cycles were administered in the outpatient setting to 18 unique patients. There was a 58% reduction in drug costs in the outpatient setting due to lower drug acquisition cost. An estimated 336 days of hospital stay were avoided. There were no inappropriate prophylactic antimicrobial prescriptions and daily blood draws in the outpatient setting. 88% of survey responders reported > 3 (scale, 1 to 5) on a Likert-type scale for both overall experience with home infusions, and likelihood they would use home infusions again. No chemotherapy spills or extravasation occurred; 1 cycle was complicated by pump failure where chemotherapy was given at a slower rate than intended. Conclusions: Multiday EPOCH-based regimens were successfully and safely administered in an ambulatory setting at our safety net urban hospital. Patients reported satisfaction with the experience, and received less unnecessary interventions in the outpatient setting. Significant cost savings from avoided hospitalization and decreased drug acquisition cost were demonstrated.


The forming process of connection piece has been analyzed in the text.With the aids of Unigraphic CAD,the layout design,process calculation and die design have been introduced in details as well as the solution to common problems.


Research progress on preparation methods,such as magnetron sputtering,pulsed laser deposition and sol-gel,and process parameters dependence of microstructure and dielectric properties of barium zirconate titanate (BZT for short) thin film are reviewed. Some technical and theoretic problems on preparating BZT thin film materials are discussed.


Abstract A cadmium(II) 3-D porous metal–organic framework, (Me2NH2)4[Cd2(TTCA)2Cl2]·7DMF·2Diox·6H2O (1) (TTCA = triphenylene-2,6,10-tricarboxylate, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide, diox = 1,4-dioxane), has been synthesized through solvothermal conditions. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the structure of 1 has a two-fold interpenetrating framework with a large solvent-accessible volume of 52% per unit cell. The result of topological analysis shows that 1 is a (3,3)-connected 3-D network with {103} topology. Luminescence tests illustrate that 1 can selectively sense nitroaromatic explosives via a luminescence quenching mechanism.


Wireless sensor networks typically exhibit a collision channel environment. Error correction over collision channels has been frequently treated by investigating packet erasure codes over binary erasure channels (BEC). Modeling collision channels as BEC overlooks the possibility to salvage valuable information from collided bits. Moreover, in often times, sensor network transmissions are sporadic such that packet erasure codes might not be suitable. In this paper, a selective erasure channel (SEC) model is used to characterize the collision channel. Each bit is classified as an erasure or a bit to be detected in accordance with an erasure threshold applied to the corresponding received signal level. Optimal erasure threshold that maximizes the channel capacity is derived. It is shown that the SEC model supports superior capacities which ultimately approach those of BEC at inferior signal-to-interference ratios. Finally, convolutional and turbo codes are tested as candidates for FEC within wireless sensor networks assuming a star topology. Simulation results suggest that it might be worth to adopt turbo codes for such networks given they significantly outperform convolutional codes even within the scope of short packet lengths that feature wireless sensor networks.


In this article a scheduling method is presented which is capable of allocating supplementary resources during scheduling. This makes it very suitable in synthesis strategies based on lower bound estimations techniques. The method is based on genetic algorithms. Special coding techniques and analysis methods are used to improve the runtime and quality of the results. The scheduler can easily be extended to cover other architectural issues and (for example) provides ways to make trade-offs between functional unit allocation and register allocation. Experiments and comparisons show high quality results and fast run times that outperform results produced by other heuristic scheduling methods.


Aim : To explore the significance of gene expression of HPA on the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma ( GC). Methods: The expression of HPA gene was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 36 cases of GC . Results : The expression of HPA gene was positive in 27 cases of GC with a positive rate of 75. 0% . The positive rates of HPA gene in the groups with serosal invasion and lymph node metastasis were 95. 5% and 92.6% ,and were much higher than those in the groups without invasion or metastasis (42. 9% and 22. 2% ). Conclusion :The HPA can be used as a criterion of prognosis,and it might promote the invasion and metastasis of GC.


Our Web Service Offerings Language (WSOL) enables formal specification of important management information - classes of service (modeled as service offerings), various types of constraint (functional, QoS, access rights), and management statements (e.g., prices, penalties, and management responsibilities) - for XML (Extensible Markup Language) Web services. To demonstrate the usefulness of WSOL for the management of Web services and their compositions, we have developed a corresponding management infrastructure, the Web Service Offerings Infrastructure (WSOI). WSOI enables monitoring and accounting of WSOL service offerings and their dynamic manipulation. To support monitoring of WSOL service offerings, we have extended the Apache Axis open-source SOAP engine with WSOI-specific modules, data structures, and management ports. To support dynamic manipulation of WSOL service offerings, we have developed appropriate algorithms, protocols, and management port types and built into WSOI modules and data structures for their implementation. Apart from provisioning of WSOL-enabled Web services, we are using WSOI to perform experiments comparing dynamic manipulation of WSOL service offerings and alternatives.


Throughout the country, the 1959 barley crop was exceptionally good in yield and quality, early and late sown varieties both being successful. However, threshing difficulties persisted and caused some damage, whilst there was some pregermination in samples from certain areas. The barley crop has increased six-fold since pre-war days, but malting barley now represents only one-quarter of the crop, thus representing a considerable fall and creating a new relationship between grower and maltster. There were indications that, with reasonable care in choice of barley and control of malting treatment, there would be some very good malts, though working might be more difficult than it was for the barleys from the extremely wet harvest of the previous year.


The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to better control a human–robot collaboration for robotic dental implant placement. We have designed a human–robot collaborative implant system (HRCDIS) which is based on a zero‐force hand‐guiding concept and a operational task management workflow that can achieve highly accurate and stable osteotomy drilling based on a surgeon's decision and robotic arm movements during implant surgery.


Emergence is a key concept of system engineering. This paper mainly focuses on the emergence mechanism and framework of weapon system of system (WSoS), which will affect the completion of combat missions. As a higher-level system consisting of various weapons, WSoS must have the property of emergence. Therefore, this paper takes typical emergence as the clue and establishes analysis frameworks for emergence mechanism, including component effect, structure effect, scale effect and environment effect. Meanwhile, the capability level evolvement is described based on the emergence mechanism of WSoS and some proposals are put forward aim to improve combat capabilities effectively. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the mechanism and framework proposed in this paper are proved by the example. More importantly, this paper hopes to provide a new method for WSoS to meet the needs of modern war.


Background: Colorectal cancer has become a common gastrointestinal tumor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab have shown durable responses and have been approved by FDA. However, ICIs demonstrate antitumor effects only in a fraction of patients, and research exploring the association between gene mutation and clinical benefit is limited. SMO, a gene encodes Smoothened protein, which is an important signal converter in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signal pathway. Studies have shown that CTLA-4 expressing CD3+ lymphocytes were observed in atypical and malignant meningioma and tumors harboring SMO mutation, suggested that SMO may be related to immune microenvironment and tumor immunity, but the association between SMO mutation and TMB or survival in metastatic Colorectal Cancer(mCRC) is unknown.
 Methods: Genomic and survival data of mCRC patients administrated with ICIs were retrieved from publicly accessible data (Pancancer.Samstein2018.NGS.1661) and the association between SMO mutation overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. The association between SMO mutation and TMB was also analyzed in this public immunotherapy-treated cohort, Wilcoxon test was used for the comparison of TMB. In addition, Genomic, immune cell infiltration data of 149 patients with Rectum Adenocarcinoma (READ) was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The correlation analysis between immune cell infiltration and SMO mutation status was further analyzed by CIBERSORT. Statistical significance was set at p=0.05.
 Results: 7.3% (8/109) patients in the clinical cohort harbored SMO mutation. Survival analysis in the public cohort demonstrated that SMO mutation resulted in significantly longer OS (10.5 vs 8 months; HR, 0; p=0.035) in mCRC patients treated with ICIs. Moreover, SMO mutation is associated with higher TMB in public cohort (p<0.0001). Furthermore, the correlation analysis between immune infiltration and SMO mutation status in mCRC which was analysed in TCGA shows that M1 macrophages, CD8 T cells, Gamma Delta T cells increased significantly (p=0.048, p=0.043, p=0.002).
 Conclusions: This study shows that SMO mutation may serve as a potential positive biomarker of ICIs in melanoma since it relatively correlated with higher TMB. In addition, the up regulation of M1 macrophages, CD8 T cells, as well as the Gamma Delta T cells may be another potential mechanism for the better efficacy of ICIs in patients with SMO mutation.
 Citation Format: Jinlin Cai, Dandan Fan, Yaoxu Chen, Mengli Huang. SMO as a predicted biomarker on immunotherapy and correlated with immune infiltrates in mCRC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5253.


Objective
To quantify the level of adherence to imaging guidelines for three common clinical indications for a commercially insured population.

Design
Retrospective analysis of administrative claims data for commercially insured individuals with diagnostic imaging claims (MRI and X-ray) for either uncomplicated low back pain, non-traumatic knee pain or non-traumatic shoulder pain.

Setting
The State of Massachusetts for 2010 and 2013.

Participants
Adults with no chronic conditions and without evidence of prior management in the 12 months preceding to the initial office visit for each of the clinical indications.

Main Outcomes Measures
Imaging procedures performed within 30 days of the initial office visit were classified as appropriate or inappropriate according to adherence to imaging guidelines from American College of Radiology.

Results
More than 60% of lumbar spine MRI's were deemed inappropriate in 2010 and in 2013. Over 30% of MRI's for shoulder pain and knee pain were inappropriate in 2010 and in 2013. Patients age 18-59 with inappropriate imaging claims had significantly lower rates of surgical procedures within 90 days of imaging than those with appropriate imaging. Inappropriate imaging accounted for over 20% of annual imaging costs for the three clinical indications.

Conclusions
Reducing inappropriate imaging procedures can lead to substantial savings through the elimination of unnecessary and low value procedures. Increased awareness of and adherence to best practice guidelines should be a focus of efforts to cut waste in our healthcare system.


Abstract This study reports the use of ultrasound in destructing low molecular weight organic compounds (alcohols, ketones and aldehydes) in dilute concentrations and bacterial decontamination in water at ambient temperature. An aqueous flow cell system was assembled to measure the formate and acetate products by an on‐line ion chromatograph. The formation of formate and acetate supports an oxidative mechanism and increases with decreasing flow rates. The bactericidal effect of sonication in static water was found to increase with increasing sonolysis times and volumes of the headspace (argon atmosphere over atmospheric air) above the liquid in the enclosed vessel.


A planarized Ti-polycide gate structure with high thermal stability has been developed using a chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) process for the application of high-speed DRAM devices. For a given gate length and without any thermal annealing, the planarized Ti-polycide structure developed via a novel gate line formation technology manifested a substantially lower gate line resistance than that produced by a conventional processing method. In addition, the agglomeration of the TiSi/sub 2/ gate in a deep submicron regime was suppressed even after high-temperature cycling at 850/spl deg/C for 300 min, owing to a negligible local stress at the corner of the active and field region.


Secondary vocational education nowadays lacks of attraction,its diploma is not so satisfactory,meanwhile graduates tend to be blue collars after graduation.The solution to these problems are as follows: provincial occupation education system(i.e."A bibcock three released") should be built;cooperation in running schools between the East and the West should also be set up to provide students of secondary vocational colleges with fair competitive platforms.


Antenna arrays are popularly used in various applications which include satellite, radar, wireless and cellular mobile communications etc. The present day communication systems performance greatly depends on the efficient design of antenna array systems. To meet the demands of noise free communications, it is required to design the antenna arrays with low side lobe levels (SSL). In this paper, a modified version of differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed to synthesize the linear antenna arrays with minimum side lobe levels. The mutation part of the traditional DE has been modified by adopting the normal mutation parameter. The various linear antenna arrays (10, 20 and 28 element) have been considered for the synthesis. The proposed modified DE (MDE) along with traditional DE algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms have been applied. All the algorithms are applied to optimize the position between the elements. The numerical illustrations illustrate that the proposed method is out performed the traditional DE and PSO in terms of low side lobe level and convergence rate. From these results it is demonstrating that MDE is best suitable candidate for the optimization problems.


Aim To generate the signed distance function of level set.Methods First based on analyzing the shape of level set curve,a new method is presented to define the in-out point of a closed curve.Second,based on analyzing the nearest point of neighbor,the curve can be fraced with a step of distance 1,then the nearest point of one dot could be found among the nearest point of its neighbors,so the distance between one dot of image and curve can be obtained.Results The in-out point of the curve is found and the signed distance function in need for only one time is generated to trace the net point of an image.Conclusion Results of analytic experiments show that this algorithm is robust and faster than the other methods.


ALLOCREADIIDAE. In fact, recent work indicates that this family should include only species with ophthalmo-xiphidiocercariae (Hopkins, 1934; Cable and Hunninen, 1942). The structure of cercariae of this type, especially the presence of a stylet and stylet glands, suggests that this family is related to the PLAGIORCHIOIDEA. We might go even further and suggest the hypothesis that this group on account of the presence of eye-spots in the cercariae and their development in rediae is more primitive than the PLAGIORCHIOIDEA, and may be close to the ancestral type from which the true plagiorchiids developed. This possibility made it of special interest to determine whether the germinal development in the daughter rediae of Cercaria pomatiopsidis showed any resemblance to that in the daughter sporocysts of the plagiorchiids. During the summer of 1948 we had the opportunity of examining 1282 specimens of Pomatiopsis lapidaria collected near Ann Arbor, Michigan, of which 37 or about 3.0 per cent were infected with C. pomatiopsidis. Most of the infections were mature or old but a few immature daughter rediae were available for study.


Degradation of PV modules have a severe impact on its power-producing capabilities thus affecting the reliability, performance over the long run. To understand the PV degradation happening under the influence of local environmental conditions a survey was conducted on six polycrystalline silicon-based PV modules over five years. It has been observed that the average degradation rates stood at 1.02%/year at irradiances 800 W/m2 and 0.99%/year at irradiances 600 W/m2, which are almost double the manufacturer proposed values. Upon further investigations, it has been found that discoloration of encapsulant in modules 3, 5, and 6 have been the main factor causing the reduction of the short circuit current (Isc) thus affecting the overall power production capacity of the installed PV system. Considering the amount of time, resources and manpower invested to perform this survey an alternate way of estimating the PV degradation rates is also investigated. The exponential decay factor-based model is adopted to correlate the encapsulant discoloration seen on-site in the form of a mathematical equation to predict the current loss. This loss is defined as the visual loss factor in this paper. Further, the output I-V curves are simulated using MATLAB Simulink-based mathematical model which also integrates visual loss factor (VLF) losses into it. Such simulated I-V curves have shown a good match with the measured I-V curves at the same irradiance with an error less than 3%. Authors anticipate that this modelling approach can open the door for further research in developing algorithms that can simulate the PV degradation rates.


In the present study, the preponderant purpose is to examine the constitutive signs of the offenses provided for in art.1761 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. In this article, we bring together four typical types of offences. Thus, the following constitutive signs of these offenses are established: the special juridical object, material (immaterial) object and product, prejudicial action, mode and method of commission, the form and type of guilt; motive and purpose, the subject. In parallel, arguments are presented regarding the low quality of art.1761 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova.


This essay was written in observance of the 50th anniversary of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s untimely assassination in April 1968. It highlights some of King's most important work during the American Civil Rights Movement in terms of its contemporary influence. As a focal thesis, this essay argues that King's famed Letter From Birmingham Jail — written during his April 1963 incarceration in Birmingham, Alabama, for deliberately refusing to follow what he morally deemed to be an "unjust law" — was predicated on the biblical foundation of civil disobedience exemplified in the famed story of Shadrack, Meshack, and Abednego, the three Hebrew boys who refused to obey King Nebuchadnezzar's order to bow down to a deity made of gold. This essay argues that the Hebrew boys' faith-based willingness to suffer the potentially fatal consequence for their civil disobedience instead of complying with immoral governmental dictates exemplifies the Judeo-Christian suffering servant theology that influenced King and permeated the Civil Rights Movement. King's work was fueled by a suffering servant theology that regards suffering as redemptive provided it is for a moral cause. In arguing the Hebrews' civil disobedience set a foundation for King's leadership in the Movement, this essay pays tribute to King's legacy by also connecting his example of selfless sacrifice in the form of civil disobedience in Birmingham to recent contemporary social movements, like Black Lives Matter, a successor to the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, that also seeks egalitarianism and inclusion.


This study aims to determine the effect of guided inquiry learning model assisted by PhET (Physics Education Technology) on high school students' physics learning outcomes. The type of research used is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study were all students of class X MIA at MA PLUS NURUL ISLAM Sekarbela Mataram. The sample of this study was class X MIA 1 and X MIA 2 which amounted to 40 students with a sampling technique using the saturated sample technique. The sample used in this study was class X MIA-1 as an experimental class which amounted to 20 students and class X MIA -2 as the control class with a total of 20 students. Before being given treatment, both samples were given an initial test to determine their initial ability. Based on the results of the homogeneity test of the initial test, both samples have the same initial ability. The results of the final test of student learning outcomes obtained the average value of the experimental class 69.25 with the highest score of 85 and the average value of the control class 55 with the highest score of 75. The research hypothesis was tested by polled variance t-test with a significance level of 5%, and the results obtained tcount = 4.18, while ttable = 2.02. Based on these results, it means that tcount is greater than ttable, so H0 is rejected. Thus, it can be concluded that the guided inquiry learning model assisted by PhET (Physics Education Technology) has an effect on high school students' physics learning outcomes.


Death of dopamine neurons in Parkinson disease (PD) may arise from consequences of the complex I (C‐I) defect in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Whether cells activate programmed death (apoptosis) pathways derives, in part, from relative activities of proteins such as bcl‐2 and bcl‐XL , that have anti‐apoptotic actions. We studied the responses of bcl‐2 and bcl‐XL genes in pharmacologic (acute incubation with methylpyridinium (MPP+)) and mitochondrial transgenic ("cybrid") models of Parkinson disease C‐I defects. MPP+ incubation increased levels of bcl‐2 and bcl‐XL proteins in native SH‐SY5Y cells but not in ρ0 cells devoid of ETC activity. MPP+ increased bcl‐2 mRNA levels by 40% at 8 hr. Confocal microscopic imaging showed that the intracellular distribution of immunoreactive bcl‐2 was not significantly associated with mitochondrial membranes at baseline but was associated with mitochondria after 12 hr of MPP+. Immunoreactive bcl‐XL protein was significantly and equally associated with mitochondrial membranes both at baseline and after MPP+. PD cybrids showed increased basal levels of bcl‐2 and bcl‐XL proteins, similar to the maximum levels found after MPP+ treatment of control SY5Y cells. After MPP+ exposure, bcl‐2 protein levels increased in control cybrids but did not increase further in PD cybrids. Both pharmacologically generated and transgenically induced C‐I inhibition increases levels of anti‐apoptotic bcl proteins, possibly from increased gene transcription. Augmentation of bcl‐2 and bcl‐XL expression may delay neurodegeneration in PD. J. Neurosci. Res. 61:693–700, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The expression local information in seven documents on the public libraries is located, analyzed and commented: Manifesto of UNESCO (1994); Declaration of Copenhagen (1999), La biblioteca publica: un centro para la sociedad de la informacion (2000), Guidelines IFLA/Unesco (2001), Pautas sobre los servicios de las bibliotecas publicas (2002); Pulman Guidelines (2002) and Manifesto of Oeiras (2003). After exposing the different aspects that this concept locks up, we defend that the roll of this kind of information in the present public library is very related to the tendency towards the globalization of our society


: A welding fatigue design model is constructed based on nonlinear damage theory, which can be effectively used for fatigue design and analysis of welded joints under multi-level fatigue load. The fatigue design model considers the load sequence effect and the influence of load interaction. The Manson-Halford cumulative damage model and its improved model are used to deal with the load sequence effect. The interaction between the loads is reflected in the form of stress ration. For the fatigue design of standard welded joints, influences of stress factor caused by different loading sequences and the level of load are discussed. Numerical examples are provided to test the performance of the proposed method, by comparing with the design results based on the traditional Miner theory, and satisfactory results are achieved with higher precision and reliability. The design model can better deal with the load sequence effect and the load interaction with less model parameters, and can be applied in engineering.


Ag/TiO2 composite was synthesized by thermal decomposition method using tetraethyl orthotitanate, silver nitrate and hexamine as a surfactant. The synthesized materials were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the sample was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The morphology of the Ag/TiO2 composite was found to be the cubic microstructure with complete decoration of Ag nanoparticles over the TiO2 surface uniformly. The optical property of the photo catalyst was observed from UV-vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Ag/TiO2 composite was investigated by the degradation of a methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The observed results showed that Ag incorporation enhance the visible-light adsorption and improved the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 composite significantly under visible light. Introduction. Recent years we are facing number of environmental issues related to the energy disaster, water pollutions, etc. To overcome this problem the semiconductor materials have been used as a photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants, hydrogen production from water splitting and dye sensitized solar cells. Among various semiconductor oxides titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the well-known wide band gap n-type semiconductor materials. Since last decade, TiO2 has been widely investigated for photocatalytic degradation of harmful organic pollutants from the waste water due to its nontoxicity, low cost and excellent chemical stability. Because of its limited visible-light absorption nature and low photocatalytic efficiency their practical application is limited and need to be improved. Consequently, the surface modification in TiO2 lattice such as doping of various transition metals, noble metals and combine with narrow band gap semiconductor materials could make it as more sensitive to visible light and improve the photocatalytic efficiency. In general, the noble metals Pt, Pd, Rh, Au and Ag are having superior photocatalytic efficiency but their high cost limit their large scale applications. Recently, TiO2 with noble metals combination have received more attention towards photodegradation. Among them the above noble metals Ag is the less expensive and can be used as visible sensitive material for photocatalytic activity. Since the surface loading of metallic Ag nanoparticles on different semiconductors would be an effective way to improve the photocatalytic activity [1, 2]. Hence, in this work the metallic Ag nanoparticle has been incorporated into TiO2 matrix and used as visible photo catalyst material with improved degradation efficiency. Here, the Ag nanoparticles are readily available to accept photogenerated electrons from excited semiconductor which facilitates dioxygen reduction and thereby Ag/TiO2 showed an enhanced UVlight photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of organic substances. Experimental. 18 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Magnolithe GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/


Introduction: Atrial macroreentry tachycardia (AMRT) in patients without obvious structural heart disease or previous surgical or catheter intervention has not been characterized in detail.


Benzyl radicals and the isoelectronic azabenzyl radicals were prepared in an adamantane matrix and their isotropic E.P.R. spectra observed and analysed. The proton hyperfine splittings were assigned by specific deuteration and by analogy with the benzyl radical. The spin density distribution is strongly affected by non-symmetrical nitrogen substitution, but is only weakly affected by symmetrical substitution. INDO calculations on the radicals predict only small deviations from the benzyl radical spin density distribution for all of the azabenzyl radicals. However, the trends in the experimental values can be rationalized in terms of the electronegativity difference between carbon and nitrogen and its effect on the molecular orbitals of benzyl radical. Furthermore the observed trend in the g values not only lends support to this view of the structure but also allows estimation of the approximate energy of the first nπ* excited states.


It can well be argued that the right decision was made when U.S. Olympic officials voted not to send a team to the games scheduled for Moscow late this summer. However, whether or not the decision turns out to have been a wise one, the circumstances under which it had to be made were regrettable. They could come back to haunt the Administration. They can be seen as a blow to those who fight for human rights throughout the world. And they can also be perceived as a direct threat to other activities that involve international interchange—including science. By making his unilateral decision that no U.S. team take part in the games and announcing it prior to action by the U.S. Olympic Committee, a private organization and the only group with power to decide on U.S. participation, and by threatening legal action to make his decision stick, President Carter did nothing to enhance the ...


This article explores how student driving teachers perceive pedagogical observation in driving lessons. At a driving school connected to and owned by a university, these students conduct driving lessons with real student drivers with a fellow student helper in the back seat. Using thematic analysis, I explored data from interviews with student driving teachers and field observations of these in driving lessons and identified four main themes about pedagogical observation: (1) what is pedagogical observation, (2) what the goals are, (3) how is pedagogical observation conducted, and (4) what is needed. Students point to the value of pedagogical observation as an activity to help them learn and gain knowledge, and they see their peer students as useful helpers. This study contributes to the sparse knowledge/research on cooperation among student driving teachers in the practical field. The activity of pedagogical observation offers promising potential as it enables high-quality observation, communication, good relationships, and motivation. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.8.7


The paper designs a home network measurement and control system based on AT91SAM9260. It takes AT91SAM9260 as control center, boots embedded Linux kernel image file by Uboot, and construct embedded WebServer by technology of embedded. Users could not only implement remote control and check work status information of electrical equipment, but also monitor security of family through Internet. There are many merits, such as low cost, operation interface friendly, powerful function, easy to install, etc. It adapts to requirements of ordinary family better, and broad prospect of application.


DEFINITION OF THE TERM Extraclass activities are viewed in this chapter as that area of the total curriculum which includes exp.eriences not usually provided in typical classes. Work experiences, out-of-school activities, and outdoor experiences, which ordinarily would be encompassed by the foregoing definition, are discussed in chapter x of this volume. Such terms as clubs, debates, dramatics, assembly programs, variety shows, school pub!ications, interscholastic and intramural athletics, student participation in government, glee clubs, band, orchestra, parties, dances, banquets, and many others, have become a part of the vocabulary of students, teachers, and the public generally. The concern of this chapter is with such activities as the foregoing regardless of the type of administrative controls exercised or the degree to which such activities have been included in the so-called regular subjects or common learnings of the school.


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of autoclave sterilization on the resistance to cyclic fatigue of two nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic files of identical design and taper, but with different NiTi alloy treatments: the newly introduced heat-treated Race Evo and the electropolished Race files. Materials and methods: Fifteen Race (25/0.06) files and fifteen Race Evo (25/0.06) files (n = 30 in total) were randomly assigned to five sub-groups each consisting of three files of the same NiTi alloy treatment. One group served as a control with files unautoclaved. The four remaining groups were sterilized in a steam sterilizer for 1, 3, 5, and 10 autoclave cycles, respectively. Files then underwent cyclic fatigue testing in a simulated metal canal block. A scanning electron microscope was used to inspect the surface of the fractured instruments. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent t-test and multi-factorial analysis of variance with significance set at a p value of ≤0.05. Results: Both Race Evo and Race files showed no significant difference between the different autoclaving cycles in terms of the number of cycles to fracture (p = 0.232 and p = 0.359). Despite rotating at a higher speed, the number of cycles to fracture of heat-treated Race Evo files was significantly higher than that of Race files (p ≤ 0.0001). Conclusion: Autoclave sterilization has no significant effect on the resistance to cyclic fatigue of heat-treated Race Evo or electropolished Race files. However, Race Evo files showed superior resistance to cyclic fatigue irrespective of autoclaving cycles.


An analysis is given of five stream-stream interaction events observed in the Pioneer 6 plasma and field data. That the time profiles of all the parameters are consistent among the events and with previous descriptions given in the literature substantiates the notion of a common interaction type. The velocity variations in four of the events tend to lie in planes approximately parallel to the corotation spiral; thus it is implied that the events are reasonably stationary in time in the corotating frame. The data are interpreted in terms of a corotating interaction front, which is a ridge of high pressure parallel to a corotating spiral. The increased pressure is due to radial compression of the streams. The east-west (zonal) flow directions also occur in the front and are shown to be produced by the zonal pressure gradient of the pressure ridge.


As mentioned by the authors, many laboring women seek a more natural approach that does not involve the use of medications. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an excellent drug‐free alternative for pain management during labor. TENS has also been reported to be effective in decreasing low backache in the third trimester of pregnancy.[2] TENS administered at the beginning of the active phase of labor produces a significant decrease in pain.[3] In my experience, TENS is more effective in relieving the backache associated with labor pain and hence decreases the intensity of pain. Also the effectiveness of the current depends on the placement of pads, size of the pads and the frequency of current coming from the machine.[4] Adding entonox during stronger labor contractions is beneficial.


This paper describes the principles and general operating characteristics of ultrasonic cross-correlation flowmeters for liquids and gases. A great deal of research is currently proceeding to determine the performance of these instruments when measuring different types of fluids, but the general form of results are given for various flow systems. Since there is no restriction to flow and the measurement is largely independent of the fluid properties there is a great deal of interest in applying the technique in industry when suitable 'peak-seeking' correlators become available.


In South America in the past decades several infectious diseases have emerged or re-emerged either as part of larger pandemics or as local processes involving autochthonous pathogens. These included arthropod-borne viral diseases, such as Dengue Fever, Chikungunya and Zika as well as viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Junin, Machupo and Guanarito viruses. Parasitic disease was also important such as Malaria, endemic in the northern part of the continent, Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease. Carrion disease, a bacterial infection originally from the Andes region, also seems to be expanding geographically. Several social and environmental processes have contributed to the emergence of these pathogens, including human migration, deforestation, road and dam building and climate shifts. Due to its high biological diversity of wildlife, arthropods and virus species in still untouched natural ecosystems in the Amazon has the greatest regional potential for the emergence of new human infections.


This article considers the clam that low wages or a greater degree of wage differentiation is a way to achieve higher employment and * Traducido del aleman por Ursel Ranninger ** Director de departamento, WSI. Dusseldorf 79 Claus Schafer ?Salarios mas bajos para un mundo mejor? other desired outcomes. The empirical evidence for both Germany and the USA indicates that this is not the case. Taking Germany as an example , it is shown, among other things, that no "employment miracle" has occurred even though wage differentials have increased in many forms, including within full-time work. The example of the USA illustrates very well that highly differentiated wages, in the context of a very unequal distribution of income, can even cause economic damage in the longer run not to mention the social harm it inflicts. Thus the empirical evidence suggests that, on the contrary, flat income hierarchies are conducive to economic efficiency.


The model of the pseudo-homogeneous, one-dimensional, cooled tubular reactor is applied to two consecutive, irreversible first order reactions. A criterion is derived to obtain a desired integral yield. Based on this criterion three requirements are formulated, which enable us to choose the relevant design and operating conditions. If any of the requirements are met, the reactor is also safe with respect to runaway. In an ihustration the results are applied to the production of phthalic anhydride via the oxidation of naphthalene. It is shown that the requirements formulated can be used for the design of the reactor and for its immediate adjustment to a change in operating conditions. In view of the special behaviour of consecutive reactions in a tubular reactor a fine tuning of the operating conditions remains necessary after this adjustment.


The Arctic environment has markedly changed due to the rapid decline of sea ice in summer Arctic Ocean. The retreat of sea-ice cover could be associated with the Arctic amplification and an increase in the frequency of severe cold winters in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. Accurate predictions of sea-ice variability on seasonal to decadal time-scales and its mechanisms would be useful for further progress in science as well as socio-economic activity. To examine the mechanisms and predictability for Arctic sea-ice variability, we analyze the control simulations from the Arctic Predictability and Prediction On Seasonal to Inter-annual Timescales (APPOSITE) project. The model used for the APPOSITE is the climate model MIROC 5.2 in which external forcing is fixed in 2005. The time evolution in sea-ice extent and volume shows that an extreme reduction event occurs one or two for a century even without the global warming trend. The spatial feature in sea-ice distribution and its reduction mechanisms resemble those in 2007. This suggests that an anomalous sea-ice loss could be caused by only natural variability. We have currently investigated the key factors closely related to the sea-ice variability.


An on-chip ripple reduction system for a regulated two-phase voltage doubler charge pump circuit is presented. Simulated results show that ripple reduction ratios up to 53% can be achieved when the designed ripple reduction solution is applied over a 5 V regulated charge pump with flying and load capacitors Cf =CL=1 µF, switching frequency fs=100 kHz, and load RL=10 kΩ.


The paper studies the function of trade association in the incomplete information dynamic game between enterprises and consumers.Based on signaling model,it proves that,to serve as a signal of enterprise quality,trade association can change the structures of enterprise cost and market information,thereby helping consumers to discriminate good enterprises form bad ones.Then the paper tests the conclusion above by a behaviour simulation experiment and analyses the existing necessity of trade association.Furthermore,it suggests that trade association should emphasize more on serving for the high-quality enterprises,objectively publicizing enterprises' goodwill and improving self-discipline to keep a healthy and sustainable development,promote sound industrial operation and increase consumers welfare.


Abstract:This article examines the child figure in Colette's work, analyzed as a means to a literary redemption after Colette's initiation into literature through another work depicting a child, Claudine à l'école. The reintegration of the child figure is presaged by the appearance in early works, especially La vagabonde, of images of the archetypal "divine" child. The child figure is then integrated into stories, first featuring Colette's daughter Bel-Gazou, then the child Colette herself. The theme of play, traced in vignettes from La chambre éclairée and La maison de Claudine, reveals a process by which Colette reintegrates the child figure into her textual self. This then participates in giving voice to Colette's écriture de soi.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of pain behavior and the expression of CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 at above and below the level of hemisection of the spinal cord in a rat model. Methods: Spinal cords of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (n= 16, 200 ~ 250 g, 6 ~ 8 weeks old) were hemisected at T13 on the right side to develop the spinal hemisection injury model. We compared behavioral responses of the hemisection and of a sham surgery group. Behavioral tests for motor function (by the BBB locomotor scale), and for pain response for mechanical and cold allodynia were assessed postoperatively (PO) for 21 days. Expression of mRNA for chemokines and their receptors (CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1) below and above the level of the spinal cord dissection were examined by RT-PCR. Results: We observed gradual motor improvement and the development of mechanical and cold allodynia on the ipsilateral hindpaw after spinal hemisection injury. We also found upregulation of mRNA expression of CCL2/CCR2 both above and below the level of spinal cord dissection but CX3CL1/CX3CR1 mRNA expression. Conclusion: Upregulation of CCL2/CCR2 is associated with neuropathic pain after spinal hemisection injury. CCL2/CCR2 may play an important role in the development of neuropathic pain after SCI as well as of peripheral neuropathic pain. These findings may improve understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of neuropathic pain after SCI.


The timing of premigratory dispersal of juvenile Willow Warblers, in Southern England, was investigated in relation to fledging and moult periods, and the onset of orientated migration. Retraps of birds ringed as nestlings suggest that young birds remained close to the natal area during the first half of the moult period. Dispersal from the natal area occurred later, coinciding with an influx of birds from elsewhere. Migration on the south‐east coast does not begin until the first birds in southern England have completed moult. It is suggested that during the latter half of the moult period young Willow Warblers disperse in random directions from the natal area, but that they do not initiate their autumn migration until after completion of moult.


This paper describes a facility design procedure for minimizing work-in-process (WIP) storage requirements in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS). An FMS is defined as a set of workcenters in a line layout that are linked by a materials handling system consisting of an automated guided vehicle system (AGVS) supplemented by a secondary handling system. The secondary handling system is used for material transport whenever WIP storage at a workcenter reaches a level that prohibits the flow of incoming or outgoing unit loads. The facility design procedure is based on the sequencing of workcenters in the FMS line layout to minimize the rate of transactions passed to the secondary handling system.<<ETX>>


RECENT advances in the automation of haemagglutination techniques have made automated blood-typing and antibody screening possible for the routine laboratory. McNeil, Helmick and Ferrari (1963) adopted the AutoAnalyzer continuous flow principle for ABO grouping and Sturgeon, Cedergren and McQuiston (1963) developed this idea and achieved satisfactory rhesus grouping as well as more precise ABO grouping. The first trials of an automated blood-typing machinewhich grouped 3 0 specimens per hour were reported by Sturgeon and McQuiston (1965). Two important advances which made automated haemagglutination procedures practicable were the invention of a device for the selective separation of agglutinated cells and the introduction into the reaction mixture of assymetrical macromolecular roulcaux-inducing compounds such as polyvinylpyrolidine (PVP) . These compounds, by bringing antigenic sites into opposition, facilitate haemagglutination and greatly increase the sensitivity of the system. Rosenfield, Szymanski, Haber and Kochwa (1964) have described how the AutoAnalyzer system may be used for the sensitive detection and quantitation of rhesus and other blood-group antibodies. It is the purpose of this paper to describe expcrienccs with automation equipment in a hospital blood transfusion laboratory. The decision to automate this laboratory was made for two reasons. Over the past 5 years the work load has increased by 7 per cent per year and throughout this period there has been increasing difficulty in recruiting and retaining trained laboratory staff. These two factors combined meant that there was little reserve for expansion in the future and also that increasing amounts of responsible work, such as blood grouping and cross-matching, had to be undertaken by student technicians with inadequate training. It was thought that by installing automatic equipment two objectives would be achicvedthe maintenance of a consistently reliable standard of work and the creation of a reserve capacity for expansion. The laboratory was equipped with a Technicon Auto Analyzer blood-typing machine and an antibody-screening machine which were to be operated in parallel, all blood groups being screened for irregular antibodies on the antibody-screening machine. In addition all antenatal sera and sera received for cross-matching where the recipient had had previous transfusions were to be screened for antibodies. After a preliminary period in which all work was done by both the automated and manual techniques the machines were put into routine operation and they have now been in use for over 6 months.


In this paper, we present a detailed description of a numerical method that utilizes a combination of composite and simple Gauss-Legendre Quadrature (GLQ) rules for an accurate estimation of the nonlinear source term due to four-wave interactions in finite water depth. This method employs different polar grids for input wave vectors and differs from Webb-Resio-Tracy (WRT) method in which polar grids were same. The method is explained with a result for the nonlinear source term obtained for an input PM energy spectrum with cosine-squared directional spreading function. AMS Subject Classification: 65D32, 76B15, 76B60, 86A05.


This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of the Learning Cycle 7e model on student motivation in listening at the English Education Department, FKIP UMSU, in the 2017/2018 academic year, especially in sub competence listening for developing  diagrams that are derived from statistical data and information about the characteristics of objects or objects associated with numerical quantification which delivered in form of oral texts, in order to improve the quality of learning in particular listening to English. This is a quasi experimental research) which uses classical experiment design. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire for learning motivation of the ARCS model, a test consisting of positive and negative statements. The data obtained from 74 students as respondents from the third semester students by using cluster random sampling, class C morning and B Morning. The C morning class consists of 33 students as the experimental class was treated with Learning Cycle 7E model in learning listening, while the B morning class as control class with conventional model.


Whether we approve it or deplore it, teleological thought is among antiquity's most widely recognized contributions to the history of science. Although Plato's providentialist teleology has won comparatively little praise among intellectual historians, few would deny that teleology is the driving force of Aristotle's foundational work in zoology. And Galen's standing as antiquity's foremost medical authority owed much to his systematic application of teleological principles to human anatomy. These successes might well be thought to represent a defeat for Socrates, the philosopher who rejected physical science as an unwelcome diversion, and sought to redirect philosophy towards its true goal of providing the foundations for a morally good life. But any such suspicion would be mistaken. Galen certainly did not dismiss or oppose Socrates' project. On the contrary, in his great treatise On the Doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato (IX 7, 9-16) Galen picks out Socrates, among all his predecessors, as the most sound in his approach to science. Socrates, he explains, as correctly represented by Xenophon, did not waste time on unanswerable questions such as the origin of the world, but concentrated on attainable goods, a priority which Galen sees as the ultimate focus of his own work too.