The Moisture content analyses (MC) and the ultrasonic velocity measurements (UVM) promise to be particularly important to assess the state of deterioration and the adequacy of the boundary and microclimatic conditions for timber elements when applied to a building with an important artistic and historical value. These nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods supported by laboratory analyses of timber samples were applied in the inspection of a 16th century housing building, Corral del Conde in Seville, Spain. The methodology used was the nondestructive testing for determination of moisture content and measures from the times of transmission of ultrasonic waves to detect internal defaults. This methodology allows establishing the diagnosis of a wooden structure, obtaining an estimate of the degree of impairment of the same, and assessing the bearing capacity of timber elements for rehabilitation works. The combined interpretation of the results was done to assess the condition of structural timber elements in terms of their state of preservation, the dampness problems and the recent incompatible repairs affecting them. Results indicated that moist areas in the structure were associated with ground and roof drainage problems. Juxtaposition of the MC and UVM together with laboratory analyses was found to be useful to assess the different states of deterioration of timber, enhanced the accuracy and effectiveness of the survey and facilitated to build up the urgent and longterm conservation programs.


In this paper, a comparative analysis of using single-phase or three-phase voltage-sources for Space-Vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) three-phase inverter feeding a Permanent-Magnet (PM) servomotor is presented. In industrial applications, the three-phase voltage-source is commonly used and available. However, in sometimes the availability of three-phase voltage-source is not easy, permissions and facilities from service provider are required. These costs much money to make the three-phase voltage-source available. In small power applications, the single-phase voltage-source is sufficient to provide the required power and the three-phase voltage-source is not needed. The study compares the two cases from point of view of total harmonic contents of voltages and currents of the PM servomotor in each case. The results show that in case of using single-phase voltage-source, the total harmonic distortion of phase and line voltages is reduced by 42.689 %. The total harmonic distortion of load current is reduced by 45.32 % at half load and by 40.44 % at full load. Consequently, there is an improvement in the quality of the PM servomotor voltages and currents. The size of the harmonic filter is reduced and the drive system harmonic effect on the grid due to grid connection is reduced significantly.


Summary form only given. In this presentation, I will share my experiences in the use of interactive media used in engineering education. The traditional concept of engineering education is based on the presentation and derivation of mathematical concepts followed by example solutions presented in the classroom. As a result, students are commonly passive and tend not to participate if classroom discussions. To introduce a larger amount of interactivity several interactive media solutions are possible that are presented here in increasing order of interactivity: 1. Online tutorial solutions: The traditional presentation of example solutions is recorded and offered to the students to do at their own time and pace. This allows the student to solve the example tutorial questions by themselves first and use the recordings only when necessary. This solution does not allow a true interactivity, but is relatively easy to adapt from current practice and does provide the student with the ability to adjust the pace. 2. Online LAMS teaching modules: The Learning Activity Management System (LAMS) is a way to create online activities that are combining recorded lectures with interactive features, such as questionnaires. This allows the lecturer to monitor the progress and encourages the student to actively participate in the module. 3. iBooks for iPads: A novel method of creating interactive content is the use of iBooks that can run on iPads. While currently the technology is relatively limited due to licensing issues, future developments will allow a more widespread use of this method. 4. Wikis: Wikis allow the highest form of interactivity, as a wiki starts with a blank page and needs to be filled entirely by the student. This allows a very high active content creation by the students, but requires the lecturer to clearly state the goals and expectations to channel the work.


Differential cross sections for {eta} photoproduction from protons have been measured at E{sub {gamma}}=1.6-2.4 GeV in the backward direction. A bump structure has been observed above 2.0 GeV in the total energy. No such bump is observed in {eta}{sup '},{omega}, and {pi}{sup 0} photoproductions. It is inferred that this unique structure in {eta} photoproduction is due to a baryon resonance with a large ss component that is strongly coupled to the {eta}N channel.


This paper focuses on the dating and provenance of two paintings, Climbing the hill and View from St. John's Fort by the prominent Singaporean artist Liu Kang (1911–2004). Climbing the hill, from the National Gallery Singapore collection, was believed to have been created in 1937, based on the date painted by the artist. However, a non-invasive examination unveiled evidence of an underlying paint scheme and a mysterious date, 1948 or 1949. These findings prompted a comprehensive technical study of the artwork in conjunction with comparative analyses of View from St. John's Fort (1948), from the Liu family collection. The latter artwork is considered to be depicting the same subject matter. The investigation was carried out with UVF, NIR, IRFC, XRR, digital microscopy, PLM and SEM-EDS to elucidate the materials and technique of both artworks and find characteristic patterns that could indicate a relationship between both paintings and assist in correctly dating Climbing the hill. The technical analyses were supplemented with the historical information derived from the Liu family archives. The results showed that Climbing the hill was created in 1948 or 1949 on top of an earlier composition painted in Shanghai between 1933 and 1937. As for the companion View from St. John's Fort from 1948, the artist reused an earlier painting created in France in 1931. The analytical methods suggested that Liu Kang used almost identical pigment mixtures for creating new artworks. However, their painting technique demonstrates some differences. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of Liu Kang's painting materials and his working practice.


Many government programs which appear to be designed to help some particular industry or group do not seem to be succeeding. The explanation offered here is that the program, when inaugurated, generated transitional gains for the individuals or companies in the industry, but that these have been fully capitalized, with the result that the people in the industry now are doing no better than normal. On the other hand, the termination of the particular scheme would, in general, lead to large losses for the entrenched interests.


A miniaturized and low-profile planar antenna is a crucial part of any wireless communication system. To cover additional narrowband services and to reduce system complexity, antennas in portable devices should offer several operating bands. In this paper, we propose a coplanar-waveguide-fed (CPW-fed), flexible, and compact slotted patch frequency reconfigurable antenna with a compact size of 20 × 24 mm2. The designed antenna employs a low-cost Rogers 5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.127 mm. This choice of substrate ensures cost-effectiveness while preserving the desired performance of the antenna. The antenna radiates through five distinct frequency bands, including 5.58–6.25 GHz, 6.05–8.81 GHz, 8.79–9.7 GHz, 9.7–10.22 GHz, and 10.48–15 GHz, depending on the switch on/off condition, thereby enabling the antenna to span a broader range of frequencies for WLAN, C-UWB, sub-6 GHz, and X-band communications. The designed antenna is fabricated and tested in both the on and off states. The measured results closely match the simulated outcomes.


In this paper, we examine marriage patterns in two related and intermarrying native North American communities in the swampy wetlands of the James Bay area of Northern Ontario. Community residents belong to two legally-recognized Canadian Indian bands. Historically, these bands were small and had a stated preference for cross-cousin marriage. A limited number of possible mates coupled with preferred marriage patterns suggests both close genetic relationships between spouses and considerable genetic inbreeding within the two communities. Nevertheless, these communities have not experienced the epidemics of recessively inherited, single gene disorders which are sometimes found among inbred populations of European descent. The low incidence of single gene anomalies in these two Canadian Indian communities m a y reflect several factors. First, centuries of inbreeding m a y have resulted in natural selection against inherited anomalies (cf. Livingstone 1969). Second, genetic problems may be masked by high infant mortality rates. Third, cross-cousin marriage may have actually functioned


OBJECTIVE
We studied the pretreatment hormone profile and ovarian ultrasound appearance of female-to-male transsexuals.

DESIGN
Female-to-male transsexuals who were seen in the local Gender Identity Clinic were examined after psychiatric assessment.

RESULTS
Sixteen patients were assessed. Approximately 50% had symptoms and signs of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 15 had a pelvic ultrasound diagnosis of polycystic ovaries. The endocrine profiles of the patients were not markedly abnormal and were compatible with the diagnosis of PCOS.

CONCLUSIONS
Polycystic ovaries and the polycystic ovary syndrome are a common finding in female-to-male transsexuals who have had no previous exposure to exogenous androgen therapy.


FIELD: physics, optics. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to optical-electronic follow-up devices intended for search and detection of small low-radiating moving purposes, and can be used in automatic optical-electronic devices (OED) with digital image processing providing selection of the targets in critical background requirements. According to the offered method the continuous line-frame scanning of the field of view and projection by the OED objective lens of the image of the space section to the sensitive layer MFPU are performed. The projected image is converted into array of values of electrical signals and using them the signals of the target and background are formed. The target is identified on the basis of threshold signal processing. EFFECT: lowering of probability of the error solutions at high intensity noises of the background. 10 dwg


decreases by 5-10 cm -1. In the case of isatin, which has two carbonyl groups in the 2 and 3 (VII) positions, the difference is slightly higher than 50 cm -1. It should be noted that the values of v in imidazole and benTimidazole are constant. The presence of the benzene ring in the second case does not influence the vNH frequency. The given value of the decrease in the vibration frequency of free molecules seems to be due to the induction effect of "nonpyrrole" structural fragments on the equih'brium electronic con~s of the )N--H group. The induction effect involves a shift of the electronic cloud of the group toward the added atoms or radicals, in partic~l~r, a still greater shift of the shared electron pair of the N-H bond toward the heteroatom. Due to this, the force constant of the bond and hence the vibration frequency slightly decrease. This is the reason for the increase in the proton-donati-g and proton-accepting properties of these compounds (see below).


Diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy can cause congenital birth defects in infants, a complication known as diabetic embryopathy. Formation of structural abnormalities, commonly seen in the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, is associated with increased programmed cell death (apoptosis) and decreased cell proliferation in the developing organs. Under maternal hyperglycemic conditions, influx of glucose into cells of the embryos disturbs intracellular metabolic homeostasis. Disturbed glycolysis generates factors through side pathways to perturb cell signaling and organelle functions. Perturbed phospholipid metabolism produces signaling metabolites and peroxidation products to suppress cell survival and induce apoptosis. Targeting the key processes and factors in the metabolism of glucose and phospholipids is a potential intervention strategy to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies.


In the twentieth century, the "Chicago School" became a primary paradigm of urban studies. The demise of city machine governments, coupled with the changing settlement and business patterns, have rendered the "Old Chicago School" as outmoded but not irrelevant. Cities are multiracial metropolitan regions immersed in a global economy and are either not governed by machines or by radically different machines, even in Chicago. Nonetheless, similarities remain between the old machines and machine-like governance of today. The New Chicago School may be a template for global cities just as New York and Los Angeles provide models for others. This new school raises questions for scholars: (a) Is an autocratic mayor and a machine required to govern a twenty-first century city? (b) Will racial politics continue to be key? and (c) Can effective governance be created for a metropolitan region?


We present a new 3‐D S wave velocity model of the northeast (NE) China from the joint inversion of the Rayleigh wave ellipticity and phase velocity at 8–40 s periods. Rayleigh wave ellipticity, or Rayleigh wave Z/H (vertical to horizontal) amplitude ratio, is extracted from both earthquake (10–40 s) and ambient noise data (8–25 s) recorded by the NorthEast China Extended SeiSmic Array with 127 stations. The estimated Z/H ratios from earthquake and ambient noise data show good consistency within the overlapped periods. The observed Z/H ratio shows a good spatial correlation with surface geology and is systematically low within the basins. We jointly invert the measured Z/H ratio and phase velocity dispersion data to obtain a refined 3‐D S wave velocity model beneath the NE China. At shallow depth, the 3‐D model is featured by strong low‐velocity anomalies that are spatially well correlated with the Songliao, Sanjiang, and Erlian basins. The low‐velocity anomaly beneath the Songliao basin extends to ~ 2–3 km deep in the south and ~5–6 km in the north. At lower crustal depths, we find a significant low‐velocity anomaly beneath the Great Xing'an range that extends to the upper mantle in the south. Overall, the deep structures of the 3‐D model are consistent with previous models, but the shallow structures show a much better spatial correlation with tectonic terranes. The difference in sedimentary structure between the southern and northern Songliao basin is likely caused by a mantle upwelling associated with the Pacific subduction.


Abstract : The principal hypothesis was that selectivity of voluntary exposure to information would increase with greater commitment. One hundred thirtyeight undergraduates were tested in a simulated jury setting. Strength of commitment to an initial vote was varied. Five measures of exposure were taken: ratings and rankings of article titles, duration of exposure to a persuasive communication and recall and recognition of its content. The results provided no support for the hypothesis on any of the five indices. Rather, the major effect of commitment was to depress interest in further relevant information unselectively. This reduction of interest was revealed on each of the first four indices of exposure. The results were discussed in connection with previous tests of dissonance theory hypotheses concerning voluntary exposure to information. (Author)


ZnO nanostructures are very promising for applications in field emission displays and photonic devices operating in blue and UV spectral ranges due to its wide band gap(3.37 eV) and large exciton binding energy(60 meV).Therefore,fabrication and properties of ZnO nanostructures have attracted considerable(attention) recently.Various ZnO nanowires have been synthesized by thermal vapor transport and condensation method from the pure Zn powder or a mixture of ZnO,In_2O_3,and graphite powder with a air pressure or a N_2/O_2 pressure.By varying the experimental conditions,we found more ZnO nanostructures such as tetrapods,combs,nanorods and nanobelts.These nanowires have diameters of about 50~1 000 nm,and the length range is about 1~20 μm.The structure of deposited materials was investigated by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction,which reveals the shape of all the ZnO nanowires are hexagonal structure.The luminescent properties of ZnO tetrapods was investigated by excitation spectrum and PL spectrum.The PL spectrum excited with the 210 nm of a Xe lamp at room temperature revealed a strong green emission band centered at about 500 nm with FWHM about 90 nm and a weaker near UV emission band centered at about 380 nm with FWHM about 15 nm.The PL spectrum excited with 325 nm of He-Cd laser at room temperature revealed a strong and narrow near UV emission band centered at about 383 nm with FWHM about 16 nm and a weaker broad emission band centered at(about) 515 nm with FWHM about 76 nm.


High temperature in summer affects the growth of most flower plants. In this sludy,a cultivation experiment of Euphorbia puicherrima has been carried out at a mountain base at the elevation of 800m. The relatively cool climate in the mountain is suitable for the growth of such flower plant. A mixed medium consisting of 50% humus soil and 30% pearlite and 20% scrap material derived from planting mushroom is effective for cultivation of Euphorbia puicherrima. The experiment shows that a 10 h photoperiod per day is appropriate for the differentiation of flower buds of Euphorbia puicherrima. After 7.5 -8.5 weeks under such condition of photoperiod, deffereat types of Euphorbia puicherrima begin to show a sign of flower bud differentiation.


A new, concise and efficient one-pot copper-catalyzed method for the synthesis of H-pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolines has been developed, and the H-pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolines containing various functional groups were prepared in moderate to good yields. The method should provide a simple and practical strategy for this kind of N-fused heterocycles.


This paper describes the contents and features of modern biotechnology,focuse on the application of modern biotechnology in wastewater biological treatment,bioremediation,and microbial agents in water treatment.The research trend of modern biotechnology in the field of water pollution control is discussed.


The work analyses the short and long-term consequences of intimate partner violence and the strategies that women have developed to get out of violence. A causal model is developed to analyse five different multivariate dimensions characterising intimate partner violence, based on the last and unique national representative population survey about violence against women. In a second step the stories of repeated violence will be analysed focusing on the strategies the victims have used to cope with violence. The most effective strategies will be contrasted with the less ones. Less effective strategies are associated with an increasing risk of the cycle of violence, that is those who have suffered violence as a child are likely to accept it enduring in their adult life.The analysis of the physical, moral and psychological consequences, shows a mixed picture, linked to both the severity of the violence, and to the type of suffered violence; focusing on the history of violence, the various strategies to cope with it are closely linked to the framework of severity, to the characteristics and dynamics of the violence and to the specific history that each woman lives.


Radiobiological and growth properties of a spleen focus‐forming strain of Friend Leukemia Virus (FV) have been investigated with the spleen focus assay method. The sensitivity of FV to ultraviolet light (2537 Å) and to 60Co γ‐rays was determined by irradiation of virus preparations in vitro to different doses and, at each radiation dose, measurement of the surviving fraction of spleen focus‐forming activity of the virus in SIM mice. Bacteriophage T4 mixed with the virus preparations served as internal dosimeter. It was found that for UV irradiation, the D10 of FV was 4.8 × 103 ergs/mm2. For ionizing radiation, the D10 of FV was 5.6 × 104 rads.


Infantile Pompe disease: pathol-ogy, which is due to both its rarity and clinical and genetic polymorphism. Infantile Pompe disease is the severest form. It is characterized by a progressive pattern and a fatal outcome during the first year of life. The possibility of performing enzyme replacement therapy for this disease, which can improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients, makes the early diagnosis of Pompe disease urgent. The paper describes the clinical presentation of infantile Pompe disease and current methods for its diagnosis and treatment. The authors give their experience in diagnosing and treating infantile Pompe disease, by demonstrating 3 cases of the disease. The characteristics of each infant, which confirm the clinical and genetic variety of this pathology, are discussed.


My statement concerns the manner and occasion, or the propriety, of the use of the term "cholesterol" by the doctor in his discussions with his patient. I feel strongly that the patient should be informed, but from the many inquiries we have had about cholesterol my impression is that many patients are more perplexed than enlightened on cholesterol by the doctor's discussions. Why this is I do not know. I can only surmise that the importance of the role of cholesterol is emphasized, but insufficient information is provided to enable the patient to understand its relationship to his condition or to follow the instructions intelligently. Cholesterol to the patient is an intangible substance, and thus it may be difficult for some to grasp its significance. In many instances it would be better probably to focus the attention of the patient on some other feature of his condition with which he


The tracer dilution technique for the measurement of steam and water mass flowrates and total enthalpy of two-phase geothermal fluids has been in routine use in the U.S.A. for almost three years. The tracer technique was first tested and adopted on a field-wide basis at the Coso geothermal field in California. Validation of the method was performed at the Roosevelt Hot Springs geothermal project in Utah and the Salton Sea and Heber geothermal projects in California by direct comparison to orifice-plate flowmeter measurements of the separated phases. Production well mass flowrates and total enthalpy are now regularly measured by this technique in the Coso, Salton Sea and Heber geothermal fields. Implementation of the tracer method is currently underway for the Tiwi and Bulalo geothermal fields in the Philippines. This paper presents the conceptual design of the measurement process, the results of field validations, and operating experience during field-wide testing in Coso.


The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a labeled article. To mark a particularly flexible manner realize to, provided that the subject matter by additive Herstellungsverfahren is produced, during the additive Herstellungsverfahren in the article zumindest a Markierungsmittel (50) is formed. The method enables many degrees of freedom in the design of the label. For example, two or dreidimendionale structures are hidden during the additive preparation process in the article with the procedure in a very simple manner. Additionally or alternatively, the preparation parameters may be varied, either stochastic or deterministic, to generate seal fluctuations. For example, a porous structure (70) can be prepared as the labeling agent. Also in the article Basismaterial unbehandelt or otherwise treated be left so that the Markierungsmittel forms.


Isolated attosecond pulses are used to probe laser-perturbed hydrogen molecules using attosecond absorption spectroscopy. We observe dynamic features in the delay-dependent absorption on both the electronic and nuclear timescales for the first time.


This paper discusses the implementation and operation of a wide-area differential GPS (WADGPS) system that uses existing networks. This WADGPS system was launched in commercial service on 5 December 1994 and has been operating since. This paper describes: SWEPOS- a Swedish network of reference stations for GPS; FM and the RDS subcarrier channel; Epos, the Swedish solution of nationwide access to DGPS; trials with WADGPS; experiences of a year of operation of the WADGPS system; and future developments.


105 paid, normal volunteers, of whom 77 were women, were administered the rod-and-frame test (RFT), the embedded-figures test (EFT), and the autokinetic test. Despite the similarity in personality correlates associated with these tests, there were no significant correlations—linear or curvilinear—between the measures of psychological differentiation and autokinesis. There were still no significant correlations when the men and women were treated as separate groups. Taking the extreme cases on the autokinetic test and comparing group means on the RFT and EFT still failed to yield a significant difference. The authors infer that these measures are independent, although the design of the study does not permit this inference to be stated as a conclusion.


: Th is article sets forth Book of Mormon characteristics and prophecies regarding the Lamanites. The Lamanites were used as a scourge to the Nephites; often the Lamanites were more righteous than the Nephites; the American Indians are descendants of Book of Mormon peoples; and the Lamanites will yet "receive the gospel" and become a "white and delightsome people


The article introduces in detail the amendment of The Testing Methods of LED Display, a standard of electric industry, according to the frame of standards. The article also discusses some performance indexes and testing methods involved in the amendment.


On Friday 10 January 2014 Education Minister Christopher Pyne formally announced a review of the inaugural Australian curriculum. In his three and half minute televised justification, Pyne (2014) identified a number of criticisms of the national curriculum document, including the 'necessity to have themes' of 'Australia's place in Asia, Indigenous Australia and sustainability'. It is the second of these themes that we consider as ALEA's Hot Topic for March 2014. We respond to Pyne's momentary musing of the necessity of the 'Indigenous Australian' theme in the Australian Curriculum with a particular focus on the discipline of English. In the nomenclature of the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority's Australian Curriculum (ACARA, 2013), we are of course referring to the 'cross curriculum priority' of 'Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures'.


Based on the motivation that some quantum gravity theories predicts the Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) around Planck-scale energy levels, this paper proposes a new formalism that addresses the possible effects of LIV in electrodynamics. This formalism is capable of changing the usual electrodynamics through high derivative arbitrary mass dimension terms that includes a constant background field controlling the intensity of LIV in the models, producing modifications in the dispersion relations in a manner that is similar to the Myers–Pospelov approach. With this framework, it was possible to generate a CPT-even and CPT-odd generalized modifications of the electrodynamics in order to study the stability and causality of these theories considering the isotropic case for the background field. An additional analysis of unitarity at tree level was considered by studying the saturated propagators. After this analysis, we conclude that, while CPT-even modifications always preserve the stability, causality and unitarity in the boundaries of the effective field theory and therefore may be good candidates for field theories with interactions, the CPT-odd one violates causality and unitarity. This feature is a consequence of the vacuum birefringence characteristics that are present in CPT-odd theories for the photon sector.


The aim of this paper is to present some results regarding the Legendre‐Hadamard ellipticity and loss of ellipticity of some energies depending on the logarithmic strain tensor. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This paper reports that the National Electrical Safety Code covers basic provisions for safeguarding of persons from hazards arising from the installation, operation or maintenance of (1) conductors and equipment in electric supply stations, and (2) overhead and underground electric supply and communication lines. It also includes work rules for the construction, maintenance and operation of electric supply and communication lines and equipment. This standard is applicable to the systems and equipment operated by utilities or similar systems and equipment of an industrial establishment or complex under the control of qualified persons. The intent of the NESC is to provide guidelines and direction towards safety of personnel. Grounding methods and proper grounding methods of equipment and apparatus can vary widely and can be the difference between a hazard and no hazard. Often the erroneous conception is that if there is a ground rod installed or the apparatus is grounded to a pipe, it is grounded and considered safe.


The intermittency of renewable energy and load uncertainty in the combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system operation is considered in this study. The authors propose a robust optimisation scheduling method to attenuate the disturbance of uncertainty, and derive the day-ahead scheduling decision under two strategies including electrical load tracking and thermal load tracking. Also, the budget of uncertainty is introduced to alleviate the conservatism of robust optimisation. Moreover, a minimax regret non-linear formulation is constructed to describe the performance of the system and different realisations of uncertainty. To solve the problem, the authors develop a hybrid solution method, which is composed of a two-stage Lagrangian relaxation iterative algorithm and an improved cross entropy algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the minimum of the maximum regret can be obtained, and the conservatism of robust optimisation is significantly reduced by properly setting the level of budget of uncertainty. As a result, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed robust optimisation model and algorithm are confirmed.


Abstract : Regional Sediment Management (RSM) refers to the effective use of littoral, estuarine, and riverine sediment resources in an environ-mentally effective and economical manner. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers manages lands and waterways across the United States. The Corps' use of RSM concepts will significantly improve the its mission accomplishment. As part of that mission, Corps engineers and scientists develop new technologies to make management decisions more accurate and efficient. Simultaneously, they evaluate RSM concepts through demonstration projects that highlight and improve sediment management activities. This phase of work was undertaken to: (1) provide guidelines, technical support, and planning approaches for researchers that result in realistic life cycle plans for products emerging from the RSM research program; (2) focus the RSM program community of interest on the planned outcomes of the RSM investment, and the infusion of these outcomes into District operations; (3) identify and resolve bar-riers to successful technology infusion; (4) develop approaches and metrics for measuring technology infusion success and processes for making post-infusion adjustments to improve this success, (5) facilitate successful technology transfer beyond USACE. The concepts proposed here are intended to improve life cycle planning from USACE research investments.


Take your pick: it's a target-rich environment.
 Creation of the entire universe in a week. A talking serpent and a death-dealing fruit. A worldwide flood. A fugitive nation hurrying on dry ground across the floor of the Red Sea. A city's walls falling flat at the sound of trumpets. The sun standing still. Any one of a hundred implausibilities that would make a reasonable person say, "Come on. Get serious."...


Since it is a design criterion for road drainage and sewer systems, the long-term infiltration performance of permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) is of important significance during the service life of a road construction. New permeable pavements can regularly accommodate all rainfall intensities. However, due to the entrainment of mineral and organic fines into the aggregates used in joints or openings, the decrease of surface infiltration rates can be assumed. Research shows that the infiltration performance decreases significantly after a few years, but still infiltrates rainfall and runoff from high intensity storms. In-situ field tests with a special infiltration-meter confirm these results. This instrument measures the infiltration capacity in the laid condition with no disturbance and gives immediate results, taking into consideration local conditions such as age and traffic-load. Continuously repetition of these tests allow the observation of the long-term performance. After reviewing many sites of various ages, the reduction of surface infiltration over time is determined and an approximate correlation is developed. This investigation presents new results from the last years of numerous testing sites for the first time and tries to initiate a discussion of a simple model that predicts the decreasing process of PICP infiltration performance over its service life.


This paper discusses on the significance of carrying out the peculiarity construction in the library,analyzes on the contents and methods of the peculiar resources and peculiar service of university library,and points out that increasing the utilization ratio and the social benefit of the library through providing the information service for the readers on different levels is the target of the peculiarity construction of university library.


Effect of carbon fiber on the mechanical properties of micro-hardness and splitting tensile strength of HAP-PAC-MPC-based composite biocement were studied. The reinforcing mechanism of carbon fiber was analyzed by XRD, SEM, IR, and dispersion energy spectra. The results indicate that: (1) carbon fiber is obviously effective in reinforcing the mechanical properties of the composite biocement, especially that treated by concentrated inorganic acid. The splitting tensile strength and vickers hardness of HAP-PAC-MPC-based composite biocement with treated carbon fiber increased from 12.22 MPa to 18.47 MPa,by 51%; and from 156.64 MPa to 358.92 MPa,by 130% respectively. The optimum addition of carbon fiber treated is 0.076%. (2) The concentration of functional groups of and[- COOH] in the surface of carbon fiber treated by acid increases obviously, which strengthens the chemical bond force of the interface between carbon fiber and hydrated products of cement base. (3) The stress induced in the process of hydrating and formation of hydrates can be absorbed by the interfaces; meanwhile, the propagation of the cracks within the body of pasts upon the loading of external stress can be prevented or be turned effectively by the carbon fiber which results in the strengthening and toughening of HAP-PAC-MPC-based composite biocement.


The inappropriate activation of complement may contribute to various immune diseases. The alternative pathway (AP) predominates during complement activation regardless of the initiating pathways. Hence, the main AP regulator factor H (FH) holds great potential as an attractive therapeutic intervention. In addition, complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) has been demonstrated to inhibit AP and, more notably, still specifically binds to C3b/iC3b. We thus developed novel CRIg‐targeted complement inhibitors by connecting the functional domains of CRIg and FH, which we termed CRIg‐FH and CRIg‐L‐FH. CRIg‐L‐FH, slightly more potent than CRIg‐FH, considerably inhibited both AP‐ and also classical pathway (CP)‐mediated hemolysis and successfully eliminated the deposition of C3b/iC3b. Kinetic analysis further revealed that the binding affinity constant (KD) of CRIg/FH was in the micromolar range, consistent with its long‐lasting binding to complement‐attacked cells. CRIg‐L‐FH efficiently protected aberrant erythrocytes of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) from AP‐and CP‐mediated complement damage (IC50 was 22.43 and 64.69 nM, respectively). Moreover, CRIg‐L‐FH was found to inhibit complement activation induced by the anti‐Thy1 antibody in a mesangiopro‐liferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) rat model. Hence, CRIg‐L‐FH protects glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) from complement‐mediated injury and proliferative lesions. These findings strongly suggest that CRIg/FH is a potential therapeutic drug candidate for a range of complement‐mediated diseases.—Qiao, Q., Teng, X., Wang, N., Lu, R., Guo, L., Zhang, X., Du, Y., Wang, W., Chen, S., Wu, Q., He, G., Wang, Y., and Hu, W., A novel CRIg‐targeted complement inhibitor protects cells from complement damage. FASEB J. 28, 4986–4999 (2014). www.fasebj.org


Four BrOsted acid ionic liquids (ILS) [MMP][DMP], [MEP][DEP], [HMP][DMP] and [HEP][DEP] were synthesized and used as extractants for desulfurization of aromatic sulfur compounds in model oil. The mutual solubility of four ILs were investigated. The extraction equilibrium of four ILs could be reached in as soon as 5 min and the extraction capability followed the order [MMP][DMP]>[MEP][DEP]>[HEP][DEP]>[HMP][DMP]. The S extraction showed the highest efficiency under the conditions of 30°C, 30 min and 1:1 (V/V) IL:oil. Under the optimal condition, 70.9% of thiophene (TS), 76.9% of benzothiophene (BT) and 87.5% of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in n-octane could be efficiently removed by [MMP][DMP]. The multiple extraction and regeneration performance of [MMP][DMP] for TS was also investigated and the results were satisfying. These results suggest that [MMP][DMP] has the best extraction capability and can serve as a promising solvent for extractive desulfurization of fuel oils.


Herein we report the self-activation and activation of Cu(0) wire used to form a catalyst in single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) in two fluorinated alcohols employed as solvents, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol (TFP). Self-activation and activation of Cu(0) wire by TFP exhibit a stronger increase of the apparent rate constant of propagation, kappp, compared to TFE. SET-LRP of methyl acrylate (MA) in DMSO catalyzed with TFP-activated Cu(0) wire showed a comparable kappp value to that of the hydrazine-activated Cu(0) wire-catalyzed counterpart. SET-LRP catalyzed with Cu(0) wire pretreated with TFE or TFP, and the in situ activation of Cu(0) wire while using TFE or TFP as solvent, proceeded with no initial induction period and exhibits predictable molecular weight evolution with conversion and narrow molecular weight distribution.


Two unusual exposures of Pennsylvanian sediments occur adjacent to a tunnel along the Illinois Central Railroad in northwestern Pope County, Illinois. At the north end of the tunnel is an 1,800-foot exposure of a breccia probably Caseyville in age. At the south end, are two small imbricate overthrusts of Caseyville age. Midway between the pene-contemporaneous breccia and overthrusts is the McCormick fault zone-anticlinal trend. Both breccia and imbricate overthrusts are believed to be free gravity slides related to Caseyville activity of the McCormick fault zone-anticlinal trend. These exposures show that slide structures of appreciable magnitude are not limited to argillaceous sandstone sequences of major geosynclines but can also occur locally in the relatively clean sandstone sequences of intracratonic basins.


The warrants for providing pedestrian overpasses in large and densely populated urban areas are developed in this study. The warrants are developed based on a synthesis of information obtained from past studies and data collected at 12 study sites regarding the pedestrian volume, traffic volume, roadway operating speed, and intensity of pedestrian-traffic conflicts. The comparison of pedestrian and traffic volume characteristics facilitates the identification of a boundary line between with and without overpass study sites. Any combination of pedestrian and traffic volume that falls on or above this line requires a pedestrian overpass. It is found that a minimum peak-hour motorized traffic volume of 1000 PCU, two-way total or a minimum peak-hour pedestrian volume of 400 is required to warrant a pedestrian overpass. Moreover, the roadway operating speed should be a minimum of 40 km/h for the overpass to be effective. Despite the fact that no economic analyses of costs and benefits of providing pedestrian overpasses are done, it is expected that the findings of this study will help the concerned transportation officials to take rational and uniform decisions while determining the need for the pedestrian overpass at a particular location.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between leg muscle strength and standing ability or walking ability in elderly people using cross-sectional data. Independently living elderly people who were 60 years or older (n=1041, Male 344, mean age 74.6 years, Female 697, mean age 72.3 years)volunteered to participate in this study. The functional fitness(Standing, Walking, Hand working, Self-care working) and leg muscle strength(knee joint extension in isometric contraction)were measured, and also pain on lower extremity (lumb, hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint)was examined by medical doctor or public health nurse. Multiple regression analysis for relationship between leg muscle strength and standing ability or walking ability in elderly people was performed. Standing ability or walking ability was used as the dependent variable, and leg muscle strength as the independent variable. Age and the pain of lower extremity were adjusted for the relationship as confounding factors. The results were as follows ; 1 )In both male and female, the simple correlation coefficients between age and leg muscle strength(male r= -0.458 p<0.01, female r=-0.295 p<0.01), standing time (male r=-0.633 p<0.01, female r=-0.548 p <0.01) or walking time(male r=-0.636 p<0.01, female r=-0.591 p<0.01)showed significant relationship, respectively. 2 )In both male and female, the simple correlation coefficients between the leg muscle strength per body weight and standing time(male r=-0.499 p<0.01, female r=-0.440 p<0.01)or walking time (male r=-0.545 p<0.01, female r=-0.430 p<0.01)showed significant relationship, respectively. 3 )In both male and female, multiple regression analysis showed significant the relationship between the leg 体力研究(Bulletin of the Physical Fitness Research Institute) No.102, pp. 7 ~14(Mar.,2004)


To better understand the challenges associated with the treatment of this condition, one should keep in mind that this is a generalized disease linked to a deficiency in the production of elastin. The well-circumscribed supra-aortic valve stenosis has been described to be associated mainly with coronary lesions, diffuse aortic obstruction, pulmonary stenosis, and anomalies of the aortic valve. The coronary lesions are most often restriction of the coronary orifices that take slit-like appearance. The obstruction seems sometimes to be related to the thickened supravalvar ridge. The extent of the aortic arch lesions can vary greatly from a mild overall thickening to a very severe obstruction of the ascending aorta and the arch. These lesions may extend far into the thoracic and even abdominal aorta. The transverse arch lumen can be so small and the wall can be so thick that cannulation and maintaining adequate flow on bypass may be problematic. Pulmonary anomalies can be very mild but I also have seen such diffuse hypoplasia of the pulmonary tree that the patient could not be considered a candidate for any surgery. The most predominant associated aortic valve anomaly seems to be a bicuspid aortic valve. The prevalence of diffuse disease is quoted to be around 25% in a large recent multicentric study. It is interesting to find out that patients reported in series from older era were older at the time of surgery and had lower incidence of generalized disease. It seems therefore likely that the prevalence of diffuse disease would be higher if we were to investigate all patients in more details. Indications


Installation quality of pressure piping is the important factor of its performance.Thus,several aspects in supervision and inspection process for pressure piping installation shall be emphatically controlled,such as documents verification,construction examination,inspection and test(including non-destructive test and pressure test).In this article,some methods of supervision and inspection in each installation stage of pressure piping were introduced.With these methods,the quality of pressure piping installation can be enhanced and the solid base for safe performance of the piping be established.


Non-invasive methods of brain activity such as the Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a popular method which used in development of biomedical devices as an interface for many application like diagnostic, scientific, therapeutic and restorative. EEG recordings are usually contaminated with physiological and non-physiological artifacts. Major physiological source for EEG contamination is ocular artifacts, specially in a closed-loop and real-time application like brain computer interface (BCI), which it require some signal processing techniques for removing it. Several different method have been used to remove these artifact from EEG signals, but it is still a challenge to present clear data from contaminated signals. So, this paper proposed a method based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for removing artifacts which caused by eye blinks. In the HMM model, Baum-Welch procedure has been used to train network, which after detecting the eye blinks, it will be replaced by appropriate signals from transition probability. The estimated eye blink artifacts are evaluated by original signals, and the results shown outstanding performance of proposed method comparing to conventional EEG artifact removal method.


Objective To study the safety and efficacy of stent placement for carotid stenosis. Methods From April 2003 to September 2004, carotid artery stenting (CAS) was performed in 72 patients with carotid stenosis. Results Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed that all patients suffered from carotid stenosis. The successful rate of stent implantation was 100% without any serious complication. The residual stenosis was less than 30%. Over a mean 6-month follow-up in 27 patients, according to Malek's scale, scales 1 and 2 were found in 25 and 2 patients, respectively. Cerebral angiography showed no restenosis in 5 patients. Conclusion The preliminary results show that CAS in the management of the carotid stenosis is a safe and effective method. Improvement of the operative skills and perioperative management can decrease complications and death rate, resulting in increased safety of CAS.


An algorithm of RGB image encryption and compression based on the technique of generalized knight's tour scrambling encryption is proposed by considering from the view of ensuring the confidential image security and transmission efficiency.In this algorithm the YCbCr layers of original image are divided into 8×8blocks respectively after image pattern turned from RGB to YCbCr , then every block is transformed by DCT to build 3-dimensional chessboard , And the 3-dimensional chessboard is encrypted by the principle of generalized knight's tour , Finally the encrypted and compressed image could be gained by JPEG compression.Experimental results and analysis show that the algorithm is low impact on image compression capability , it gets higher compression efficiency in content of some degree of safety.


The purpose of this study is to provide background on the issues involved in transportation program policies, particularly parking policies, for federal employees, and to recommend a program that addresses problems in the current policy. Major problems caused by high vehicle use are congestion, air pollution, and petroleum fuel consumption. Several additional problems are inherent in the current transportation policy for federal agencies. Research has demonstrated that charging for parking is the most effective transportation demand management (TDM) strategy. The federal government, however, provides free parking for almost all of its employees. The author recommends a policy of charging market rates for parking and using the proceeds to support comprehensive TDM programs. Title 40 presently discourages agencies from charging for parking, and Title 5 prohibits using specific TDM strategies at federal agencies. Minor changes to these titles are needed to implement the recommended policy.


This study of the inhabitants of Ongaia village in the Kilenge area of Papua New Guinea documents the role of labor migration in one area of New Britain. It notes that the potential for migration seems to vary with several factors: opportunities at the destination and perceptions of those opportunities; pressures in the village such as population, productivity, perceived need for cash, and social values; and connections between town and village. The analysis concludes that migration is an integral part of the Kilenge society's enculturation process.


Commercial polyclonal IRMA-AFP kit is manufactured by Radiopreparat in Tashkent since 1986. The kit has a range of 0 to 320 ng/ml. This report includes the data on AFP measurements in the sera of cancer patients, particularly at the lower part of the calibration curve. Within run precision studies yielded a CV of 7.7% at the 4.3-54.0 ng/ml interval. Between run precision was 8.6% at the 3.3-56.0 ng/ml interval. The recovery of AFP in the presence of matrix effects of 9 sera was 98% for mixtures at the 9.1-60.8 ng/ml range. The assay sensitivity was 0.6 ng/ml. In donor blood samples the AFP levels did not exceed 4 ng/ml.


KHARE, SHRIKRISHNA G. Testbed Implementation and Performance Evaluation of the Tiered Service Fair Queuing (TSFQ) Packet Scheduling Discipline. (Under the direction of Professor Dr. George Rouskas). In packet-switched networks, the scheduling algorithm implemented by the routers must possess three important properties: fairness, to provide isolation among competing flows and ensure that each flow receives its fair share of the link bandwidth; bounded delay, so as to guarantee a bounded end-to-end delay to interactive applications; and low complexity, so as to be possible to operate at wire speeds even for large number of flows. Although many fair queuing disciplines have been proposed, the best among them have worst-case time complexity of O(log n) for a link with n flows. Tiered Service Fair Queuing (TSFQ), a new queuing discipline, has been proposed to achieve packet sorting and virtual time computation in time that is independent of the number of flows. TSFQ exploits two widely observed characteristics of the Internet, namely, that service providers offer some type of tiered service with a small number of service levels, and that a small number of packet sizes dominate. Consequently, TSFQ maps the competing n flows to p service levels where p is a small constant, and uses a special queuing structure that eliminates the need to sort most packets. As part of this thesis work, we implement the WF2Q+ discipline and various TSFQ variants in the Linux kernel as separate loadable modules, and we investigate their relative performance over a small testbed. Our experimental results indicate that TSFQ closely emulates previously proposed fair queuing disciplines. The main conclusion of our work is that TSFQ is a viable packet scheduler that can be used in networks with heavy traffic loads to achieve fairness in constant time. Testbed Implementation and Performance Evaluation of the Tiered Service Fair Queuing (TSFQ) Packet Scheduling Discipline by Shrikrishna Khare A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science


In this paper, the author intends to present the application of Unified Power Factor Controllers (UPFC) to control the frequency of three area interdependent and interconnected reheat and hydro systems by controlling the frequency of the system under disturbance due to load variations. Efficacy of the PID controllers to regulate the system dynamics has already been analyzed. By the use of fuzzy logic controllers, the system dynamics is further enhanced and the furtherance in the results is ascertained. This paper also demonstrates the superiority of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) in connection with PID controllers and the UPFC. This paper also discusses the mathematical model of the system.


Evaluation literature suggests that assessments of integrated transport plans should be an inclusive dialogue, for which it is crucial that participants communicate with and trust each other. However, cost benefit analysis (CBA) of integrated transport plans is often characterized by communication deficits and distrust among plan owners and evaluators. A literature review suggested five communication and trust-building interventions and related mechanisms that might improve this. In this paper, we have tested the efficacy of these five communication and trust-building interventions by applying them in an experiential study with two sequential cases, representing 'close to real' situations. The research aimed to develop field-tested knowledge to address the aforementioned class of CBA process problems. The research demonstrated how the five interventions could facilitate an exchange of information, knowledge and experiences, which – according to the participants – will increase the effectiveness of the CBA. Furthermore, it illustrated that a communication and trust-building strategy such as the one tested might be a useful complement to CBA practices, if adapted to the characteristics of the specific assessment process and planning context.


OBJECTIVE
To examine temporal changes in coverage with a complete primary series of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and staffing shortages among healthcare personnel (HCP) working in nursing homes in the United States before, during, and after the implementation of jurisdiction-based COVID-19 vaccination mandates for HCP.

SAMPLE AND SETTING
HCP in nursing homes from 15 US jurisdictions.

DESIGN
We analyzed weekly COVID-19 vaccination data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network from June 7, 2021, through January 2, 2022. We assessed 3 periods (preintervention, intervention, and postintervention) based on the announcement of vaccination mandates for HCP in 15 jurisdictions. We used interrupted time-series models to estimate the weekly percentage change in vaccination with complete primary series and the odds of reporting a staffing shortage for each period.

RESULTS
Complete primary series vaccination among HCP increased from 66.7% at baseline to 94.3% at the end of the study period and increased at the fastest rate during the intervention period for 12 of 15 jurisdictions. The odds of reporting a staffing shortage were lowest after the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccination mandates may be an effective strategy for improving HCP vaccination coverage in nursing homes without exacerbating staffing shortages. These data suggest that mandates can be considered to improve COVID-19 coverage among HCP in nursing homes to protect both HCP and vulnerable nursing home residents.


practice? How are clinical presentations such as angina or depression being managed? The unannounced standardised patient (USP) tool represents a valuable method of measuring actual performance in general practice. The USP is defined as 'a healthy subject or an actual patient who has been trained to present accurately and consistently a particular case and to report or judge the behaviour of the physician based on fixed criteria'.1


Abstract Resistance to race 1 of the cowpea rust fungus ( Uromyces vignae ) in cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) plants results from a resistance gene-dependent cell death process (the hypersensitive response), which involves the execution of a defined progression of cytological events. To reveal the cellular changes which occur prior to the commitment to hypersensitive cell death in resistant plants, we performed a stereological ultrastructural analysis of infected midvein epidermal cells in both susceptible and resistant leaves. Analyses of nuclear pore and polyribosome density, and nucleolus structure, suggest that levels of transcription and localized translation significantly increase prior to fungal contact with the plant plasma membrane in resistant cells whereas they decrease in susceptible cells, which remain alive for days after infection. Transcriptional activity appears to cease in resistant cells, and the nucleus starts to shrink, at the time when cytoplasmic streaming stops and the cell becomes committed to the death process. By the time protoplast collapse has begun, 31.6 nm electron-opaque particles containing nucleic acid are visible within the nucleus. The data suggest that transcriptional and translational activity leading to hypersensitive cell death begins as the fungus grows through the outer epidermal wall.


The growth of all things needs seeds, soil, water and sunlight to break through the soil and complete the process of birth, and later through effective management and management to continue to grow, so do the creative products of artificial objects. Most of the existing studies on Shouzhou kiln ceramic creative products focus on how to "live", that is, the path of innovative design, but lack of discussion on how to "grow" after the completion of product creative performance. Based on the analysis of the issues related to creative design and the discussion of brand management, it is proposed that the creative design of creative products of Shouzhou kiln ceramics should return to the local tradition, inherit the gene of Shouzhou kiln ceramics, and establish the management concept of the whole process of creativity, project and brand.


We present a spectral analysis for matrix scaling and operator scaling. We prove that if the input matrix or operator has a spectral gap, then a natural gradient flow has linear convergence. This implies that a simple gradient descent algorithm also has linear convergence under the same assumption. The spectral gap condition for operator scaling is closely related to the notion of quantum expander studied in quantum information theory. The spectral analysis also provides bounds on some important quantities of the scaling problems, such as the condition number of the scaling solution and the capacity of the matrix and operator. These bounds can be used in various applications of scaling problems, including matrix scaling on expander graphs, permanent lower bounds on random matrices, the Paulsen problem on random frames, and Brascamp-Lieb constants on random operators. In some applications, the inputs of interest satisfy the spectral condition and we prove significantly stronger bounds than the worst case bounds. Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics. Part of the work was done at University of Waterloo as a postdoctoral researcher. Partially supported by NSERC Discovery Grant 2950-120715 and NSERC Accelerator Supplement 2950-120719. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo. Supported by NSERC Discovery Grant 2950-120715 and NSERC Accelerator Supplement 2950-120719. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com School of Computer Science at University of Waterloo. Supported by NSERC Discovery Grant 2950-120715 and NSERC Accelerator Supplement 2950-120719. Email: email@example.com


The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ability and work experience on employee performance at PT Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras. The population in this study were all employees of PT Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras, a total of 197 employees. By using the slovin formula, the number of samples used in this study were 66 respondents from 5 divisions. Sampling using probability sampling technique, using proportional random sampling method. The research method used in this study was interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS) with an ordinal measurement scale via a Likert scale. The research results show that; (ability has an impact on employee performance (2) experience has no impact on employee performance because the company's targets have been met but not followed by the results of good performance appraisal indicators


In a series of studies we have reclassified the TRIZ categories of 'contradiction' and 'inventive principle' derived by Altshuller and his colleagues and show that the hierarchical relationships of the parts of a problem are important, such that at low levels of hierarchy, materials and structure predominate, but at high levels, it's information which is important. By identifying the functional conflicts in its design, the cuticle of arthropods can be shown to cope with IR and UV irradiation in the same manner as our technology – by controlling spectral properties. However the skeletal properties of cuticle are integrated with demands for sensing, movement, etc, by controlling the local properties of the material rather than by changing global parameters (which would be the technical solution). The biomimetic similarity of cuticle with technology is only about 20%, suggesting that we can learn from the design of arthropod cuticle.


Advances in layer 2 networking technologies have fostered the deployment of large, geographically distributed LANs. Due to their large diameter, such LANs provide many vantage points for wiretapping. As an example, Google's internal network was reportedly tapped by governmental agencies, forcing the Web giant to encrypt its internal traffic. While using encryption certainly helps, eavesdroppers can still access traffic metadata which often reveals sensitive information, such as who communicates with whom and which are the critical hubs in the infrastructure. This paper presents iTAP, a system for providing strong anonymity guarantees within a network. iTAP is network-based and can be partially deployed. Akin to onion routing, iTAP rewrites packet headers at the network edges by leveraging SDN devices. As large LANs can see millions of flows, the key challenge is to rewrite headers in a way that guarantees strong anonymity while, at the same time, scaling the control-plane (number of events) and the data-plane (number of flow rules). iTAP addresses these challenges by adopting a hybrid rewriting scheme. Specifically, iTAP scales by reusing rewriting rules across distinct flows and by distributing them on multiple switches. As reusing headers leaks information, iTAP monitors this leakage and adapts the rewriting rules before any eavesdropper could provably de-anonymize any host. We implemented iTAP and evaluated it using real network traffic traces. We show that iTAP works in practice, on existing hardware, and that deploying few SDN switches is enough to protect a large share of the network traffic.


As one important technology of H.264,rate control plays an important role in promising a steady rate and a high image quality.JVT-012 rate oontrol scheme of H.264 is analyzed and its deficiency is presented,an improved algo- rithm is proposed based on the image histogram and the moving window technology.In the algorithm,in order to adjust the predicted MAD to match the actual MAD,a ratio factorλis introduced based on image histogram,and the moving window technology is adopted.The result of experiment shows that the improved algorithm gives satisfactory rate control performance over JVT-G012.Compared with JVT-G012,the coding bit rate is corresponding with the target better,and the average quality of decoded image is improved,and PSNR variation is smaller than that of JVT-G012.The improved algorithm can deal with scene change properly.


The nitrate in Xinjiang Lop Nur exists in two forms:natural sodium nitrate mine and natural potassium nitrate mine,the latter includes solid mine and intercrystal brine.And advances in the basic theorectical research and production technologies by utilization of local nitrate mine to produce salt nitrate are introduced in this paper.The direction of improving production technology and theorectical research focused on is also suggested.


Le Droit des Peuples a Disposer d'Eux-memes. By Jean-Francois Guilhaudis. (Grenoble: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble, 1976. Pp. 226.) In this rather difficult book, the author tackles a subject of often frustrating complexity: the right of self-determination. Through an analysis of state and UN practice, as well as classical and modern writings, he attempts to present some ordered conclusions to perhaps insoluble questions, such as what constitutes a "people," when and how the right of selfdetermination is exercised, and whether that right includes the right of secession.


One promising approach for adding object-oriented (OO) facilities to functional languages like ML is to generalize the existing datatype and function constructs to be hierarchical and extensible, s...


Oriented attachment, a nonclassical crystallization phenomenon, describes the spontaneous self-assembly of adjoining crystals with common crystallographic orientations. Introducing chiral recognition between crystals during oriented attachment enables enantiomer-specificity and the formation of homochiral structures. Herein, we report efficient enantiomer-specific oriented attachment for suspended crystals of guanidine carbonate to form mesoscale homochiral or enantioenriched aggregates under boiling or shaking conditions. These aggregates display polyhedral macrostructures and their chirality was monitored using circular dichroism and polarized light microscopy.


The policy paper aims at sharing experience in medical education between Tunisia and Djibouti through technical support from WHO EMRO. Djibouti, a francophone country located in the English-speaking horn of Africa, could not rely on neighboring countries to help in establishing a badly needed medical school. Djibouti a low middle-income country, with around one million population has a low density in medical professionals. Most of them were trained in France or other francophone countries and the rate of return to practice. WHO EMRO was requested to support in establishing a medical school.
 A feasibility study to develop a problem based and community oriented medical school was carried out by experts from WHO EMRO and from senior medical professors from Lebanon and Tunisia. A plan was designed to establish the medical school with support from WHO EMRO and technical cooperation from Tunisia using the same approach in establishing the medical school of Nouakchott in Mauritania. Initial funding was provided from WHO EMRO to support acquisition of education materials and laboratories and by a 600,000 $ grant from the African Bank to secure travel and accommodation of visiting professors from Tunisia and from other francophone countries from the region. More than 300 physicians were trained locally and efforts are being made to train Djiboutian residents in various specialties and to train future teachers.
 The objectives of the paper are to: To share a success story in south to south cooperation with technical support from WHOTo harness solidarity mechanisms among countries of the southTo highlight the positive role played by WHO in facilitating technical cooperation and in mobilizing financial resources from development bank to support medical education

 need to harness solidarity among countries of the south in human resource development. highlight the facilitating role of WHO In technical cooperation and in fund raising.


Abstract Despite significant official development assistance and important contributions to past peace and stability missions, Japan remains outside the group of nations able and willing to participate in international stabilisation operations. Chiyuki Aoi argues that institutional limitations – in its legal and operational frameworks as well as its military doctrine – inhibit the mobilisation of Japan's capabilities and resources for stabilisation, depriving it of critical frontline experience.


We investigate the state complexity of multiple unions and of multiple intersections for prefix-free regular languages. Prefix-free deterministic finite automata have their own unique structural properties that are crucial for obtaining state complexity upper bounds that are improved from those for general regular languages. We present a tight lower bound construction for k-union using an alphabet of size k + 1 and for k-intersection using a binary alphabet. We prove that the state complexity upper bound for k-union cannot be reached by languages over an alphabet with less than k symbols. We also give a lower bound construction for k-union using a binary alphabet that is within a constant factor of the upper bound.


The SIMPACK software package is a tool that aids engineers in simulating, analysing and designing all kinds of mechanical systems, for instance vehicles. The equations of motion are formulated in terms of relative coordinates, and can be generated symbolically and numerically in an implicit and explicit form. For realistic modelling, it is sometimes necessary to use elastic instead of rigid bodies. In SIMPACK the kinematics of elastic bodies are developed up to terms of second order in order to take stress stiffening effects of elastic deformation into account. For the covering abstract see IRRD 860691.


Purpose – This paper deals with the analysis, the modeling, the control and the fault‐tolerance capability of a three‐switch inverter (TSI, also known delta‐inverter) fed fractional‐slot six‐phase brushless DC motor (BDCM) drive.Design/methodology/approach – Following the presentation of the advantages of multi‐phase fractional‐slot brushless machines and the possibility of their association to TSI, the analysis of the operating sequences as well as the modeling of a TSI fed six‐phase BDCM drive are developed. Then, a dedicated control strategy of such a drive is synthesized. Finally, a case study is simulated considering both transient behaviour during the start‐up of the BDCM as well as a steady‐state one under healthy and faulty operations.Findings – It has been found that the 60‐electrical degree shift between the six phases of the BDCM makes it simple to achieve its operating sequences with its armature fed by a TSI, considering a suitable anti‐parallel connection of the six phases.Practical implicat...


Application of PET products prepared from recycled PET bottles by physically and chemically recycling methods, such as flakes, pellets, fibers, sheets, foams, composites and coating, etc, was reviewed. Several PET bottle-to-bottle processes were introduced.


Independent of the definitional controversy over whether communication requires intentionality, it is appropriate and necessary to view the intentional and unintentional transmission of messages as separate and very different phenomena. Even in the case of intentionally transmitted messages, however, much or most of what constitutes communication occurs without consciousness. This presents a bleak prognosis for the investigation of communication processes, since nonconscious operations are difficult to observe. Based upon a borrowed model which suggests certain conditions under which unconscious processes may become conscious, several research methods for investigating the unconscious components of intentional communication are derived and exemplified.


Dissections of the soft parts of the molluscs from several States of Brazil led to identification of Bradybaena similaris (Ferussac, 1821) and disclosed previously undescribed anatomical characteristics of that species. Confirmation of the occurrence of the species in the country is important because of the role it plays as an intermediate host in the life cycle of certain parasites of domesticated animals, as well as considered pest of cultivated plants. Bionomical notes on the species in Brazil are included.


redegar Industries owns and operT ates an architectural aluminum production facility. Raw aluminum is smelted, extruded into various shapes, and finished by a selected combination of chemical etching operations. The majority of wastewater generated at this plant comes from the finishing step, where the contents of the finishing tanks and rinsewaters makeup the flow to the wastewater treatment plant. The rinsewaters overflow the tanks and discharge continuously into the wastewater treatment plant. The concentration tanks are discharged when the effective strength of the chemical solution weakens or when a manufacturing change is ordered. In addition, storm water runoff from areas that may be contaminated with oil or grease or chemical reagents is discharged into the waste treatment plant.


In this paper we prove the following characterization theorem (Section 3) : Theorem 1. If each of g and m is a real-valued non-decreasing function on the number interval [a, b], then the following two statements are equivalent: (1) If R is a real-valued, refinement-unbounded (Section 3) function of subintervals of [a, b], then the integral (Section 2) exists and is equal to g (b) — g (a), and (2) g is absolutely continuous with respect to m.


A method of encrypting a transmission unit of a generalized Scalable bit-stream includes, encrypting a plurality of logic units of the transmission unit using a unique encryption key for each logic unit, where the unique encryption keys for the transmission unit form a set of encryption keys. The method further includes providing a user with a subset of decryption information that corresponds to a Subset of the encryption keys. The subset of the decryption information allows decryption of a Subset of the logic units in the transmission unit up to a predetermined decryption level of the transmis sion unit.


DC power flow can greatly simplify the modeling of distribution network analysis and optimization. However, there is a lack of theoretical analysis and quantitative basis for what conditions DC power flow model can be adopted. For this reason, this paper proposes a method to select the power flow model according to the length of the feeder. Firstly, distribution system dispatchable region (DSDR) based on AC power flow model is established, capacity boundary and voltage boundary are defined as well. Secondly, the position relationship between capacity boundary and voltage boundary with different length of feeders is studied. The dividing point between capacity constraint and voltage constraint is found, that is, the critical length of feeders. Thirdly, power flow model selection method based on the critical length of the feeder is proposed. If the length of feeder is less than the critical length, the capacity constraint is stricter. As long as the capacity constraint is satisfied, the voltage constraint must be satisfied. This means that the voltage constraint can be ignored and the DC power flow model can be adopted. On the contrary, the AC power flow model should be adopted. In addition, this paper also discusses the influence of wire parameters, power factor, voltage regulation measures and other factors on the critical length. Finally, the IEEE 33 buses case is given to verify the correctness of the proposed method and conclusion.


Risk and vulnerability management is a critical task in maintaining any nontrivial network, but made increasingly difficult by the dynamic nature of internetworking, transient connectivity, and the use of virtual machines that are connected intermittently, while both real and virtual hosts may harbor vulnerabilities that must be addressed to protect both the vulnerable host and its environment whether these are known to an organization's asset database or not. This is particularly critical if a security incident is in progress and the exposure to a vulnerability must be assessed and potentially mitigated as quickly and completely as possible. In this paper we therefore propose a probabilistic discovery and mitigation algorithm traversing a network with only knowledge of the immediate network neighborhood as can be obtained from passive observation of the LLDP protocol to minimize bandwidth consumption in con- junction with persistent agents deployed by the traversal to capture transient or intermittently active nodes and provide an analysis of the algorithm's efficiency under different topologies and taking into account link failure as well as inconclusive or failed discovery and mitigation operation probabilities.


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In order to consolidate its rule over Guangxi,Guangxi Clique put forward the slogan "constructing Guangxi,rejuvenating China",and,according to the self-sufficient policy formulated in conformity with the Principle of People's Livelihood by Sun Yat-Sen,taking developing national capital as the objective,the Clique implemented in the rural area the polity of public production.They worked out the specific measures,conducted in the entire province the movement of producing products by the public,and obtained certain results.Analyzed from the perspective of institutional economics,however,this compulsory institutional change has neglected farmers' wish,making it unable to achieve the anticipated goal of Guangxi Clique.


Including the orthogonal curvilinear grid system, the model of ECOMSED was applied to simulate M 2 tide, tidal currents and the pollutant COD diffusion. Then, a 3-D model for conservative pollutant advection transport was made. The model results show that around the Jiaozhou Bay there are many residual current eddies differing in size, magnitude and rotation direction. The COD concentration in the east Jiaozhou Bay is higher than that in the west. The COD concentration isolines in the mouth of the Jiaozhou Bay are tongue-like distribution and stretch eastwards. The vertical distribution diversities of the residual current and the COD concentration are non-significant. The computed results match well with the observed ones in the Jiaozhou Bay.


Chaos in Clinton by Heather M. Flood The integration of Clinton High School, located in Clinton, Tennessee captivated the nation in the fall of 1956. This paper depicts the events that occurred during that period. Also included are the events that occurred prior to the desegregation of the high school, the understanding of which is necessary to fully appreciate the events that unfolded in Clinton.


detected; concentrations, were within the a test for hepatitis B surface standard scoring criteria 14 out of 36). These findings indicated appreciable con- structional dyspraxia and slight dysphasia. Lithium was stopped but amitriptyline continued. One month later her word-finding difficulties had disappeared and her copy of the Rey picture (altemative form) was considerably improved, her score being 36 out of 36. There were no appreciable differences in the results of the other tests. She remained affectively well on amitriptyline alone at follow-up after six months.


(57) Abstract: hygroscopic layer has a hydrophilic microporous polymer film located on the main surface of the one, the ink jet recording medium is obtained. Hygroscopic layer accepts the ink jet image, the hydrophilic microporous polymeric membrane is diffused water and other solvents from the ink, and supplies a rapid drying and precise inkjet images. Using the disclosed ink jet recording medium, using a conventional ink jet printer, a method of forming a fine inkjet image is also disclosed. Applications range inkjet recording medium, the OHP sheet, over the graphic applique, such as outdoor advertising. The second embodiment is opposite to the hygroscopic layer containing the fixing definition image, to provide a pressure sensitive Chakuzai portion on at least a portion of the side surface of the hydrophilic microporous polymeric membrane.


PURPOSE: A method is provided to improve a feature extraction speed by simplifying a repetitive computation after securing a space in order to calculate and save the computation. CONSTITUTION: A region of interest is determined by executing a morphology process after binarizing the contrast of an inputted image(S100). A space dependent matrix is formed by dividing the region of interest into a plurality of unit regions(S200). An integral matrix is formed by converting the space dependent matrix(S300). A texture feature regarding the unit region is extracted by using the integral matrix(S400).


The aim of this essay is to analyze the way management sciences and practices use history or at least the kind of research which they define as history. This reflection will lead to discussing the possibility and the opportunity that an historical approach might have in creating management knowledge, especially "workable" know-how. A quick look at present-day exchanges between the two communities could lead us to the conclusion that there were tensions in the past that have not entirely evaporated. Might they explain the relative modesty of the dialogue, at least in France?


Objective To compare the preemptive analgesia efficacy between two cycloxygenase-2 inhibitors rofecoxib and etoricoxib in the ambulatory uterine evacuation patients. Methods In this randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial 60 patients were randomly divided into three groups and received a single dose of placebo rofecoxib 50 mg or etoricoxib 120 mg respectively before operation. Patient's visual analogue scoreVASwas rated postoperatively at 15 min 30 min 60 min time-to-discharge 6 h and 24 h. Fentanylin post-anesthesia care unitand paracetamolat homewere supplementary analgesics and the dosage was also recorded. Patient's satisfaction score was rated at 24 h postoperatively. Results Etoricoxib 120 mg and rofecoxib 50 mg were significantly superior to placebo at 6 h postoperativelyP 0.05while there was no significant differences of VAS at other time points. The amounts of Fentanyl used in post-anesthesia care unit were similar in three groups but paracetamol taken at home was much less in rofecoxib group and etoricoxib group than in placebo group P 0.01. Compared to rofecoxib etoricoxib provided better pain relief after discharge P 0.05. The overall pain management satisfaction score was significantly higher in etoricoxib group 96 ± 7than in other groupsP 0.01. Conclusion Preemptive rofecoxib 50 mg and etoricoxib 120 mg may significantly decrease VAS at 6 h postoperatively and reduce the usage of analgesics in ambulatory uterine evacuation patients. Etoricoxib 120 mg offeres better pain relief at home compared with rofecoxib 50 mg.


and Cassification of Sugi and Hinoki using high density airborne LiDAR data and two canopy shape parameters. Jpn. J. For. Plann. 51 : 9~18, 2017 Coordinate values of canopy shape were sampled from point data of high density airborne laser scanning data of old sugi ( Cryptomeria japonica ) and mature hinoki ( Chamaecyparis obtusa ) trees. Objectives of this study were creating canopy shape-feature parameters using the sampled canopy point data and classifying the two species using the point data and parameters. A canopy sharpness parameter, which was standard deviation of canopy height of the points within distance of 1.5 m from the top, and a canopy top roundness parameter, which was an angle between the top point and two points at distances of 0.3 m and 1.3 m, were contrived. Larger absolute canopy sharpness values showed sharper and narrower canopies and smaller roundness parameter showed rounder canopy top. Sample trees of sugi and hinoki were selected for modeling and validation separately and a discriminant function was created (r=0.675) with accuracy of 79.2% for species classification. Classification accuracy of the validation samples was 84% and it suggested usefulness of the


The present study was designed to evaluate antidiabetic activity of ethanolic and aqueous seed extracts of Caesalpinia crista linn. in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in 2 days old pups models. The seeds were collected, authenticated and shade dried. Shade dried seeds were then grinded into coarse powder and processed for further studies. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared and the preliminary phytochemical screening was performed. Ethanolic and aqueous both extracts were evaluated for the antidiabetic activity by using the streptozotocin induced diabetes in 2 days old pups model. After 3 months of streptozotocin administration, pups become diabetic and then further protocol was proceeded. Estimation of biological parameters like serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride were performed and body weight, water intake and food intake were also recorded after 3 weeks of treatment. Histopathological study was performed to study the structure of islets of pancreas in different group of animals. There was a significant decrease in the biological parameters that is, serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride when compared with diabetic untreated group after 3 weeks treatment plant extracts. Treatment with the extracts also affected the physical parameters like decrease in body weight, increase in demand of food intake and water intake when compared with diabetic untreated group. Histopathological study shows the changes in structure of islets of pancreas in different groups of animals. Hence, it can be concluded that in the above study, both ethanolic and aqueous seed extracts of C. crista linn. showed antidiabetic activity, but the aqueous extract of C. crista linn. showed more significant effect as compared to the ethanolic extract.


[1] We study the characteristics of the low-latitude ionospheric electric field and geomagnetic field in response to a sudden enhancement of the solar wind pressure. When the magnetosphere is compressed by an interplanetary shock, a significant enhancement in the dayside equatorial ionospheric ion vertical velocity occurs over 30–40 min and is measured by the Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar. A similar enhancement occurs in the high-latitude ionospheric convection and is detected by the SuperDRAN HF radars. The simultaneous enhancements of the ionospheric ion velocity at high and low latitudes provide strong evidence of the occurrence of penetration electric fields produced by solar wind pressure enhancements. The geomagnetic field first increases rapidly over 2–3 min and then falls over 30–40 min to an asymptotic value. The enhanced magnetic field occurs from the subauroral region to the equator at all local times. The time scale of 30–40 min is much longer than the conventional preliminary and main impulses of geomagnetic response to interplanetary shocks. There are two possible mechanisms that may be responsible for the generation of the enhanced ionospheric electric and magnetic fields. One mechanism is that the solar wind shock causes an over-compression of the magnetosphere, and the other is that the field-aligned and ionospheric currents driven by the solar wind shock cause the enhancements of the ionospheric electric and magnetic fields. However, neither of the mechanisms appears to be able to provide a complete explanation of all observed features.


This monograph examines television reporters' perceptions of how sources both within and outside the media attempt to influence news content and coverage decisions and to what degree they are successful. Using structural equation modeling and original data from a national web survey of television reporters, this research explores how market size, extramedia, organizational, and within-media forces influence television news content from a comprehensive perspective. The study also attempts to advance theory with the development and expansion of agenda cutting, and by updating the literature for agenda building and frame building as well as the social control of the newsroom.


This paper is devoted to the determination of the spin distribution in the spin triplet ground state of [Cu-2(t-Bupy)(4)(N-3)(2)](ClO4)(2), With t-Bupy = p-tert-butylpyridine. The crystal structure, previously solved at room temperature from X-ray diffraction, has been redetermined at 18 K from unpolarized neutron diffraction. The structure consists of binuclear cations in which Cu2+ ions are doubly bridged by azido groups in the 1,1-fashion, and noncoordinated perchlorate anions. The experimental spin distribution has been determined from polarized neutron diffraction (PND) at 1.6 K under 50 kOe. The spin populations have been found to be strongly positive on the Cu2+ ions, weakly positive on the terminal and bridging nitrogen atoms of the azido groups as well as on the nitrogen atoms of the t-Bupy ligands, and weakly negative on the central nitrogen atoms of the N-3(-) bridges. The PND results have been discussed. The spin distribution in [Cu-2(t-Bupy)(4)(N-3)2](ClO4)(2) has been analyzed as resulting from a spin delocalization from the Cu2+ ions toward the azido bridges, to which a spin polarization effect within the azido pi orbitals is superimposed. The experimental data have been compared to the results of DFT calculations. The spin density map is qualitatively reproduced; however, the DFT calculations overestimate the spin delocalization from the Cu2+ ions toward the peripheral and bridging ligands.


A series of uncontrived experiences, of a somewhat unusual kind, encountered while sailing, have brought to light some framework illusions which may not be familiar to most people. The "experimental" situation is that of being in the cabin of a deep lieeled yacht which, having grounded, begins to list with the receding tide. An added and interesting feature of the situation is that as it lists the yacht slowly fills with water. Observations over periods of up to IZ hr. made by two and in soiiie cases three subjects may be summarized as follows:The increasing phenoiucnal visual list or movement out of the vertical of normally vertical components o f the yacht's interior lags behind the real list as indicated by an inclinomctc~r Iiscd to the bulkhead.


Main taxonomical and biostratigraphical features of the calcareous nannoplankton, algae widespread in all the marine environments are discussed. The biostratigraphy and the distribution of this group of organisms for the last 225 Ma are also presented. The calcareous nannoplankton, as most of the planktonic organisms, reflects with high fidelity environmental changes, such as fluctuations of light, salinity, temperature, sea-level changes, ocean productivity, nutrients and water pollution. The key role of the calcareous nannoplankton in reconstructing palaeoecological changes, in identifying global and regional environmental modifications and in advancing climatic predictions is argued.


Analyzing and researching the structure of KQML which including the communication protocol defined in the language, the content of the language, message router and facilitator,With the mainstream technology XML, the integration method between the XML language and KQML is proposed and on this base, an XML-based agent communication architecture is designed to improve the efficiency of communication between agent


A 21 year-old, Caucasian, female patient having health records attended to maxillofacial service at "Leon Cuervo Rubio" General Hospital presenting facial deformation with familial history of mandibula r prognathism in paternal relatives (cousins), showing excessive mandibular growing (total mandibular prognathism) associated with a superior maxillary dysplasia, posterior and anterior cross -bite, cross of 5mm, negative projection of -8,5mm with an elevated disharmony of the osseous parts affecting her facial esthetic provoking a concave profile with a large and disproportionate face. The main objective of the treatment was to improve the relations and proportions of the osseous basses, to restore the func tional dental occlusion and her esthetic, at the same time to reach a straight and harmonic profile. Therapeutic-surgical approach was the treatment followed; which included clinical-cephalometric diagnosis with a subsequent treatment of fixed orthodontic appliance (Rectum Arch) to the correction of the occlusion anomalies, finally a surgical correction of the osseous parts with a vertical osteotomy of the mandibular branch was performed. DeCS: Mandibular Prognathism, maxillary dysplasia, posterior crossed bite, osteotomy


Total body bone mineral density (TBBMD) was measured by X-ray absorptiometry in 46 brain tumor patients aged from 3.8 to 28.7 years (mean 14.9 y) at a mean of 6.4 y (range 1.4-14.8 y) after end of treatment for brain tumor.


We analyze a natural approach to the regularity of solutions of problems related to some anisotropic Laplacian operators, and a subsequent extension of the usual De Giorgi classes, by investigating the relation of the functions in such classes with the weak solutions to some anisotropic elliptic equations as well as with the quasi-minima of the corresponding functionals with anisotropic polynomial growth.


Addresses two important issues related to the format of an ATM cell: the optimum size of the information field that minimizes the resource utilization, and the cell header error control. Analysis results indicate that an optimum size for the information field of an ATM cell does exist. However, its specific value is not too critical when viewed from the particular aspect of channel utilization efficiency, because a broad range of values provides about the same average channel utilization rate. The impact of cell header protection (i.e. error correction and/or detection) on the cell loss of an ATM network is also investigated. It is shown that a cyclic redundancy code that can correct a single bit error significantly reduces the cell loss of the network and appears to be a sufficient mechanism for protection of the cell header against single-bit transmission errors.<<ETX>>


William Jordan, Baylor University WILLIAM JORDAN is the Mechanical Engineering Department Chair at Baylor University. He has B.S. and M.S. degrees in Metallurgical Engineering from the Colorado School of Mines, an M.A. degree in Theology from Denver Seminary, and a Ph.D. in mechanics and materials from Texas A & M University. He teaches materials related courses and does research concerning appropriate technology in developing countries. He also writes and does research in the areas of engineering ethics and engineering education.


The aim of this paper is to examine the relationships between strategic orientations (reputationbased strategy, efficiency-based strategy and innovation-based strategy) and the sustainable service offerings in closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) by third party logistics provider (3PLs). The central importance of the practical implication is to offer solutions to facilitate third party logistics (3PLs) in offering sustainable services, as an addition to the existing services in conventional forward logistics services. In theoretical implications, the institutional theory (INT) has provided fundamental explanation of the 3PLs strategic orientations that influence the effective sustainable service offerings in CLSCs. The analysis results indicated that two types of strategic orientations that impacted sustainable services in CLSCs are efficiency-based strategy and innovation-based strategy. However, reputation-based strategy is less important to 3PLs, signifies the lack of environmental image strategy in offering the sustainable services to their customers. Further research should focus on the impacts of green initiatives by 3PLs into economy, social and environmental aspects, as well as the effect of other green offering by 3PLs to their customers. Key-Words: -strategic orientations, reputation-based strategy, efficiency-based strategy, innovation-based strategy, sustainable services, closed-loop supply chains, third-party logistics


The technique of designing user interface for AutoCAD was introduced. The combination of ARX and MFC is used in the program to design user′s menu, toolbar and startup logo. The attention is paid to the MFC resource to avoid the conflict with AutoCAD resource.