A quantitative wet-combustion method for determining organic carbon in soils is described which employs a simple apparatus and a rapid procedure of analysis. All units of the purifying system are mounted on a compact panel which facilitates assembly and storage of the equipment. Evolved CO₂ in a carrier stream is passed successively through traps containing KI, Ag₂SO₄, concentrated H₂SO₄, zinc and anhydrone, after which the CO₂ is absorbed on Mikohbite in a Nesbitt bulb and determined by weighing. The method determines total (organic plus inorganic) carbon unless any carbonates present in calcareous soils are previously destroyed. A rapid pretreatment for removing carbonates is described which permits the direct determination of organic carbon. The method works satisfactorily on saline soils containing high concentrations of Cl salts and also on extracts that can be evaporated to dryness such as Na-dispersed organic matter extracts.


To evaluate the complications (using the CROES Clavien scoring system) and various factors affecting them in children undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).


This paper aims to investigate the application of foreign law in higher courts practice. The process of determining a foreign law raises practical difficulties, as a judge must apply not just foreign law acts, but also the case law and interpretation with which it is applied in another State. In private international law process the effectiveness of the application of foreign law depends on how correctly and delicately can the higher courts review decisions made by the first instances. In some countries, higher courts have the power to control the correct application or non-application of foreign law by judges, but in some cases, such courts lack this ability. In spite of the development of comparative jurisprudence and modern information technologies, none of the countries' judge can have a claim on exact knowing of relevant standards of the law of foreign countries. Consequently, the danger of making a mistake is more greater when it comes to interpreting and applying foreign law. Thus, it cannot be expected that the higher court should be able to review interpretation of foreign law acts applied by the lower courts and to provide that this interpretation is relevant to that which the practice of the foreign country would adopt on the same question. There is an opinion that the higher courtsshould refrain from control the wrong application of foreign law in order to guard their own authority, as there is a high risk of misinterpretation of a foreign rule. The different aspects of this problem will be examined in this article.


An investigation of the edge region in a large reversed-field pinch (RFP) device has been undertaken for the first time using a high time resolution gas-puff imaging (GPI) system, applied to the TPE-RX experiment. The GPI diagnostic is aimed at the investigation of turbulence in the edge region under the severe heat flux conditions of thermonuclear fusion-grade plasmas, where conventional electrostatic probes cannot be used. To compare the data obtained by the GPI during low power experiments, a retractable array of electrostatic probes has been added. The whole diagnostic system provided high quality measurements of fluctuations with fine spatial and temporal resolution, as well as radial profiles of relevant plasma parameters. The measurements confirm several important properties of plasma edge already found in other experiments, like the presence of a strong ExB shear layer and the 'intermittent' behaviour of the measured quantities, which display non-Gaussian fluctuation spikes at different time scales. Along with the conventional power spectra and correlation analyses, the application of continuous wavelet transform techniques to GPI data allowed a detailed description of the spatial structure and of the propagation of these localized 'intermittent events'.


The LHCb experiment relies on LHCbDIRAC, an extension of DIRAC, to drive its offline computing. This middleware provides a development framework and a complete set of components for building distributed computing systems. These components are currently installed and run on virtual machines (VM) or bare metal hardware. Due to the increased workload, high availability is becoming more and more important for the LHCbDIRAC services, and the current installation model is showing its limitations. Apache Mesos is a cluster manager which aims at abstracting heterogeneous physical resources on which various tasks can be distributed thanks to so called "frameworks" The Marathon framework is suitable for long running tasks such as the DIRAC services, while the Chronos framework meets the needs of cron-like tasks like the DIRAC agents. A combination of the service discovery tool Consul together with HAProxy allows to expose the running containers to the outside world while hiding their dynamic placements. Such an architecture brings a greater flexibility in the deployment of LHCbDirac services, allowing for easier deployment maintenance and scaling of services on demand (e..g LHCbDirac relies on 138 services and 116 agents). Higher reliability is also easier, as clustering is part of the toolset, which allows constraints on the location of the services. This paper describes the investigations carried out to package the LHCbDIRAC and DIRAC components into Docker containers and orchestrate them using the previously described set of tools.


The fluorination of 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluorocthane (CF 3 CH 2 Cl) to synthesize 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CF 3 CH 2 F) has been carried out on various CrO x -Y 2 O 3 catalysts with different Cr loadings. The effect ofCr loading on the catalyst composition and structure has been investigated. X-ray diffraction and Raman results indicate that the CrO x species with high oxidation state (Cr(VI)) are well dispersed on the catalyst surface when the Cr loading was lower than 19.5 %. With increase in Cr loading, crystalline Cr 2 O 3 and polymeric chromate are formed, which inhibit pre-fluorination of the catalysts. The catalysts are stable under the reaction conditions and the catalytic activity is strongly dependant on the pre-fluorinated CrO x content. The highest activity is obtained on a pre-fluorinated catalyst with a Cr loading of 19.5, with a 19 % CF 3 CH 2 Cl conversion at 320 °C, corresponding to a formation rate of 2.03 mmol h -1 g -1 cat , which is 3-fold higher than the best result obtained over a Cr/MgF 2 catalyst (0.68 mmol h -1 g -1 cat ) under similar conditions. The Cr-Al 2 O 3 catalyst has also been prepared and tested for the probe reaction in this study. The activity is lower as compared to that of the Cr-Y 2 O 3 catalyst with the same Cr content. The higher activity of Cr-Y 2 O 3 catalyst may be due to the higher degree of dispersion of the Cr(VI) species on the Y 2 O 3 support than on other supports. It is also found that the CrF x , CrO x F y or Cr(OH) x F y phases originating from higher oxidation state Cr(VI) species are the active sites for the fluorination reaction.


Summary: Some investigators argue that treating epilepsy with several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) simultaneously (polytherapy) may give rise to more adverse effects than monotherapy, but this argument lacks supporting quantitative data. To reexamine this issue, we recruited a cohort of patients from the outpatients of the Special Centres for Epilepsy in The Netherlands and from the outpatients of the Department of Neurology, Nijmegen University, The Netherlands. Two tools were used for analysis. All daily doses of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were standardized by the ratio of prescribed daily dose to defined daily dose (PDD/DDD). The DDD is the assumed average effective daily dose for a drug used for its main indication in adults. The assignment of DDD Values is the task of the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drugs Statistics Methodology and Nordic Council on Medicines, which regularly publishes Guidelines for Defined Daily Doses. The severity of adverse effects (AE) was assessed by using the Neurotoxicity Index and the Systemic Toxicity Index as developed by the VA Cooperative Study Group for their recent studies comparing the efficacy and tolerability of AEDs. One hundred sixty‐one patients received monotherapy; all had a PDD/DDD ratio ≤2/day; 128 of 262 patients receiving polytherapy also had ≤2 PDD/DDD ratios/day. The mono‐ and polytherapy groups were stratified according to the PDD/DDD ratio. The prevalence of neurological AE for patients with similar PDD/DDD ratios was 50–80% for monotherapy patients and 50–80% for polytherapy patients. The difference between the mono‐ and polytherapy groups was not significant. The prevalence of neurological AE for patients receiving polytherapy with a PDD/DDD ratio >2.0 was 71–100%, whereas all patients with a PDD/DDD ratio >4.0 had neurological AE. This difference between patients with a PDD/DDD ratio ≤2.0 and those with >2.0 was statistically significant; p < 0.05. The severity of neurological AE also increased with dose, but appeared to peak at ∼3.5 PDD/DDD ratio. Our study underscores the usefulness of applying quantitative methods to the analysis of drug AE. Comparison of monotherapy and polytherapy showed no difference for equipotent doses. Because distribution of the AED doses was uneven between the groups receiving mono‐ and polytherapy, our study permits only a tentative statement that the frequency and severity of AE is independent of the use of either. In addition, frequency and intensity of AE apparently are not very sensitive to changes in dose. An experimental prospective study is planned to verify or refute the conclusions of this observational pilot study.


The study explores the similarities and differences between the large and small firms that make up the Information Technology Association of Galway (ITAG) and the desired and actual benefits obtained from membership of the network. It consists of a web survey to identify the key themes that warranted further investigation through unstructured in-depth interviews. Surprisingly, the dynamic between small and large sized network participants ^as not strongly evident. Although there was successful collaboration among ITAG member firms for the purpose of skill development through ITAG's Skillnet initiative, there was little evidence of strategic collaboration on issues such as research and development, marketing strategies and exporting. Indeed, it was expected that multinational companies (MNCs) would provide a gateway for small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to break into new markets. However, the research did not support this proposition. Further studies should focus on the ideal conditions for learning and knowledge processes in alliances with diversely sized members as well as methods for addressing the difficulties in measuring organisational learning outcomes.


Most popular Online Social Networks (OSNs) in today's world, such as Facebook, Orkut and Twitter impose restrictions on the number of friends/connections that a member can have in the network. This is primarily due to two reasons - to limit spam and to reduce the strain on the system due to member-to-all-friends communication. We study the effects of such restrictions on node-degree, on the topological properties of the OSN networks, taking the restriction imposed by Twitter as a case-study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its nature, on any OSN. Towards this end, we use a network growth model based on preferential attachment to develop an analytical framework that can be used to assess the effects of various forms of restrictions on OSNs, as well as to design new restrictions of varying rigidity.


A simple model of human behavior applicable to force simulation and based on catastrophe theory is developed. The large number of agents that must be modeled/or a dismounted infantry Qmomaredjorce mandates that the algorithms used be as simple as possible. Simple models in which behavior is determined by local variables are investigated. Models based on cel/u/ar automata are/ouM not to be useful. Physically motivated models based on catastrophe theory Of e promising. however. This is not surprising since the seven fundamental catastrophic transitions have been used successfully 10 model behavior in a variety of circumstances. For dismounted infantry, the cusp catastrophe is used to mode/ the transition from bold behavior when surrounded by friends. to rimid behavior when surrounded by enemies. In a simulated battlefield environment. infantry agents are modeled as point particles moving under rules determined by the bold or timid state. The infantry in this simple battlefield exhibit interesting. nOIltrivial behavior. It is rhus likely thar catastrophebased behavior will be useful as the basis for more complex simulations.


Although mesh slings have become increasingly commonplace for the treatment of mild male stress urinary incontinence, the artificial urinary sphincter remains the gold standard of treatment for managing severe post-prostatectomy incontinence.


An innovative approach to a design of cyclotron allows to produce cheaper and more power efficient cyclotrons for medical and industrial application is presented. A 230 MeV cyclotron for proton therapy, using this design scheme is presented. The cyclotron is one of the line of cyclotrons from 15 to 230 MeV, that uses same magnet field level and RF frequency and utilises many identical solutions within the line-up to make it cheaper to produce and run. The design suits for FLASH therapy as is it able to produce larger beam current then existing accelerators for proton therapy.


Provided is a stacked body having, formed upon a base material therein, a cured resin layer in which antibacterial characteristics are achieved using an even smaller amount of an additive, and in which conventional optical characteristics are maintained. A resin composition, which includes an antibacterial compound (a) including silver ions, inorganic oxide microparticles (b) such as silica, and a curable resin (c) capable of being cured by heat or light, is applied to one or both of the surfaces of a base material, and the resin composition is cured to form a cured resin layer (d). The resultant stacked body is capable of being suitably used in protective films for touch panel surfaces or the like, and in a variety of optical lenses.


This study investigates whether performance indicators and size have any impact on executive compensation of commercial banks listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) Limited, Bangladesh. Several statistical models are deployed to test the influence of organization performance & size on the compensation of the executives. The results of this study show that there exists significant relationship between the executive compensation with organization performance and size. However, the outcome(s) of this study provides a general outlook to reduce the agency problem between the investors and managers of the banks listed at Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited, Bangladesh.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritive value of Range, Frankenia hirsuta via proximate analyses and rumen degradation of dry matter. Methods: Samples of chemical component and disappearance of dry matter (DM) of range plant were collected in three different growth stages (i.e. vegetative, flowering and seed production) of Incheh-borun salty pastures in Golestan province (northeast of Iran). The chemical composition of feed was determined using AOAC method. The rumen degradation of dry matter was evaluated in this study using the nylon bag technique with four cannulated Zel rams (1 yr old). Results: Results showed that the mean estimates for crude protein (CP), digestible DM and ether extract (EE) of the vegetative stage are higher (P≤0.05) than the two other stages. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and Ash of seed production stage was higher (P≤0.05) than the vegetative stage. DM disappearance after 8, 48 and 72 h of incubation of vegetative stage was higher (P≤0.05) than the two other stages. The maximum DM disappearance was recorded after 48 h (P≤0.05) incubation in all three phonological stages. The effective degradability (ED) of DM decreased with increase in outflow rates and the maximum ED in three outflow rates was recorded in vegetative stage. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the biomass at the vegetative stage had higher nutritional values and DM disappearance than the other two stages. The information thus provided by this study could be useful in the planning of ruminant diets particularly in the salty pastures.


Food is generally very sensitive and easily damaged. This quality decrease is caused by several factors, including environment, chemical, biochemical, and contamination microbia. Packaging is one of the right solutions in preventing damage to food, one of the solution is edible coating. In this modern era, the development of edible coating on food in addition to provide better product quality and extend the shelf life, also an eco-friendly packaging material. tuna is an easily damaged food because it has a high nutrient content, damage to tuna is caused by enzymatic and microbiological factors. Hence, its need for coating with edible coating based on cassava leather starch and the addition of anti-microbial from red ginger filtrate that can maintain the quality and age of tuna fish.
 This study aims to determine the effect of adding cassava leather starch concentration and red ginger filtrate to determine the damage of fish. The study applied a factorial randomized group design (RAK) with two factors. The first factor was cassava leather starch with concentration of 3%, 3, 5%, 4% b/v and second factor was addition of red ginger filtrate with concentration of 6%, 8% v/v and 10%. Parameters tested were water content, pH, protein, texture, TPC, organoleptic.
 The results showed that the addition of cassava leather starch concentration and red ginger filtrate with different concentration had significant effect on water content, pH, protein, texture, TPC of edible coating produced. The best treatment was S3J3 (4% cassava starch and 10% red ginger filtrate) which resulted in edible coating with the value of each observation of 36th consecutive hours of water content of 67,69%; Ph 6.59; protein 24.21%; texture 4.75 N / mm2; TPC 1.6 X 107 CFU / mL. The worst rating on the observation was the S1J1 and control sample.


Sapphire single crystals implanted with different fluences of cobalt and subjected to annealing treatments in vacuum and in air during 1 v h at 1000 v C were studied by optical and structural techniques. At room temperature the absorption mainly occurs in the ultraviolet (UV) being the luminescence dominated by a UV/blue broad emission band and a highly structured red emission. Structural analysis indicates that metallic precipitates, CoAl 2 O 4 and CoO phases are present in the implanted and annealed samples depending either on the fluence and on the annealing atmosphere. The observed luminescence cannot be correlated with intra-ionic Co 2+ and Co 3+ in an Al 3+ site in the sapphire lattice and a tentative assignment of the observed emission lines to the presence of aggregates is made.


The scattering of electrostatic plasma waves by a flux of ultrarelativistic electrons passing through a plasma gives rise to a radiation spectrum which is similar to a synchrotron radiation spectrum. This mechanism, first considered by Gailitis and Tsytovich, is analagous to inverse Compton scattering, and we have named it inverse plasmon scattering. For a power-law electron flux, both inverse plasmon scattering and synchrotron radiation have the same spectral index. In an attempt to distinguish between these mechanisms, we have calculated the polarization level expected from inverse plasmon scattering. The polarization level found is similar to that obtained from a synchrotron radiation source. This means that the radiation produced by two mechanisms, synchrotron radiation and inverse plasmon scattering, is indistinguishable; and this attempt to differentiate between them by polarization effects has been unsuccessful.


: According to the well-known "claimability objection" posed by O'Neill, it is unjustified to hold that each individual has a human right to socioeconomic goods because the duty-bearers are not sufficiently determined. Even though this objection has been defended in the literature from many counter-arguments, attacks against the claimability objection based on non-conventional conceptions of human rights remain unexplored. In this paper, I aim to fill this significant gap in the philosophical literature. I defend the claimability objection from arguments that aim to undermine such an objection on the basis of non-conventional conceptions of human rights. By doing so, I reinforce the defence of the claimability objection.


charismatic quality of dwarfing all the other political personalities, including his successor. The early death of Kurt Schumacher, the leader of the socialist party, robbed that party and Germany of the only personality to rival Der Alte. Boelling furnishes an excellent picture of conditions, parties and problems. The chief problem remains reunification which, of course, would close the third phase of the Federal Republic and that Republic itself insofar as it stands just for Western Germany. Reunification remains the loftiest aim of the Federal Republic: it is the latter's raison d'etre and because of it Western Germany actually tries to be as democratic and as "western" as possible. It is the status of suspense which—a fascinating contradiction.—many friends of Germany, and many good Germans, would like to see lasting as long as possible, practically for many generations to come. Suspense in permanence: it promises a Germany, firmly tied to the west and to western ideals and a peaceful coexistence in Central Europe. A change in this status of suspense would assure dangerous uncertainty. Boelling himself advocates a more perfect democratisation of the Federal Republic, a true and faithful adherence of its citizens to the western ideals so that one day both Germanies could be united in peace and liberty with the consent of all nations interested—even of the Soviets. Here Boelling is carried away by his honorable patriotic feelings. The doctrine of the One Germany (Hallstein) is not backed up by the facts, and there ia no doubt that the two Germanies have begun to live separately and go in different directions. The partition of the country is one of the prices the Germans have to pay for tolerating Hitler, adjusting to his reign if not actually backing him up, and enjoying the bygone super-greatness of Greater Germany. No peace treaty with either Germany has been signed yet. However, your reviewer thinks that its stipulations are already carried out somewhat like an effect before its cause.—ROBEBT RIE, State University College, Fredonia, N.Y.


Extremely broadband emission is obtained from superluminescent diodes/semiconductor laser amplifiers with nonidentical quantum wells made of InGaAsP/InP materials. Two opposite sequences of nonidentical multiple quantum wells (MQWs), consisting of three In0.67Ga0.33As0.72P0.28 quantum wells and two In0.53Ga0.47As QWs, are designed, fabricated, and measured. Nonuniform carrier distribution inside MQWs is further verified experimentally.


ABSTRACT. Generally doubting the efficacy of the human (including one's own) mind is self defeating; the doubt is itself doubtful.Keywords: skepticism, mind, truth, knowledge, self reference, inconsistencyA central topic of philosophy throughout the ages has been whether human beings can trust their minds, including their sensory awareness and thinking. Skepticism about this has been a major challenge and many from Socrates to such recent and current thinkers as Ayn Rand and John Searle have responded with more or less elaborate arguments defending our capacity to get things right about the world.Just now a new source of skepticism has surfaced, from within the field of neuroscience. In a review essay of several books on the topic, "How the Mind Works: Revelations," published in The New York Review of Books (6/26/08), Israel Rosenfield and Edward Ziff write, "In fact 'external reality' is a construction of the brain." Several of the authors they discuss argue this point. As the review notes, "In general, every recollection refers not only to the remembered event or person or object but to the person who is remembering," meaning that memory is not about an objective reality but of some mishmash of subjective experience and external influence.In essence, then, what one understands about the world and oneself is really not what actually exists but what is constructed by one's mind with the use of other cognitive tools. The problem with this is that it makes no sense in the end because what the researchers are telling us would also be covered by their claim and so it is also just some mental construction, which then is also some further mental construction, ad infinitum and ad nauseum. But that cannot be. At some point the researchers would have to accept that what they are telling us about the human mind is actually so, not also just a construct or invention.In any case, why would there be so much interest in discrediting the human mind, of writing elaborate tomes that argue that our understanding of the world and ourselves is fabrication, not objectively true? Why when questioning the mind is itself done by human beings with human minds who, presumably, are confident that their own questioning has merit?Some folks say that to questions like those one needs to answer by following the money - that is to say, checking who is gaining from these so-called findings. I am not such a cynic. As far as I can tell, some of these scientists, philosophers, and the reporters who seem to be so gleeful about what this skeptical work produces may well be sincere. …


A series of cyclic poly[(styrene)-b-(ethylene oxide)] diblock copolymers 4 (1.5 kg/mol < M n < 1.1 kg/ mol) with narrow molecular weight distributions (≤ 1.12) have been synthesized. They were obtained by intramolecular cyclization of linear α-diethyl acetal-ω-styrenyl polystyrene ethylene oxide) 3, under high dilution conditions. The use of well-defined linear precursors in association with a cyclization process based on an unimolecular end-to-end coupling reaction allows the formation of macrocyclic diblocks in high yield (more than 90%). The structural characterization and the solution behavior of both the linear and cyclic amphipathic diblock copolymers have been investigated by means of NMR, size exclusion chromatography, and viscosimetry.


This communication presents a collaborative experience between four Spanish centers: the School of Engineering (ETSE) and the Sports Services Area (SAF) both from the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB) jointly with two centers of the Technical University ofCatalonia, the Technical school from ViJanova i la GeJtru (EPSEVG) and the Technical school in Terrassa (ETSEIAT). The idea behind this colaboration is to explore the possibility of role playing in engineering ed ucation and project development for engineering students. The basic principie of such projects is the identification ofthe corresponding roles associated wi th the differen t parts that can be found OD current social/industrial activity. In this paper the role playing model is presented: the first part, the role ofthe partners, and the second part the students' role developing applied projects in human-automation systems.


The calcineurin inhibitor-immunosuppressant tacrolimus is widely used in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Although tacrolimus is absorbed from the entire gastrointestinal tract, the duodenum is the primary site of its absorption and metabolism. Therefore, duodenal bypass surgery in a renal transplant recipient can significantly disrupt tacrolimus absorption and metabolism. Here, we report a case of allograft failure that developed after duodenal bypass surgery. The patient was a 41-year-old woman who received a deceased donor kidney transplantation. She underwent a gastrojejunostomy due to a duodenal perforation and pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. After the surgery, her blood tacrolimus level decreased gradually, and remained lower than therapeutic target levels, even after the tacrolimus dose was increased from 5 to 12 mg/day. Repetitive rejection developed and the patient suffered allograft failure 3 months after bypass surgery. This case raises the importance of drug absorption in renal transplant recipients undergoing duodenal bypass surgery. (Korean J Med 2012;83:369-372)


The author discusses the first Polish systematics of magic spells against illness, which was proposed by Jozef Obrebski in a brochure Index for "Treating the Polish people" by Henryk Biegeleisen in 1931. Obrebski introduced a division of spells into 9 groups, separated on the basis  of their  content,  form and  function.  It  was  not  an  autonomous  development.  It  have been created for the needs of someone else's work and on the margin of a broader classification of material in the field of folk medicine as a whole. However, the proposal of Obrebski  can  be  regarded  as  a  serious  outline covering  all  material  concerning  the  systematics  of spells against illness. In the following parts of the article the author sets the discussed work in  a  due  context,  locating  it  in  the  history  of Polish research  on  the  genre  of  spells.  She recalls the first nineteenth-century works and analyses a possible impact of the Obrebski's systematics on the subsequent approaches to the subject.


Training specialists in the field of upbringing is currently a significant task facing the education system. It is necessary not only to find new organisational forms of training educators, counselors, organiser pedagogues, but also to use the accumulated experience, including to study the system of training methodologists of upbringing work at the historical and pedagogic faculties created 60 years ago. The article discusses the system of pedagogue training, including the principles, organisation of educational, extracurricular activities, collective upbringing and support of student self-government. Much attention is paid to the special environment formed during the interaction of students of different courses, the personality-oriented position of teachers. The analysis of the faculty's work allows us to identify the key elements of the upbringing system, which had been consistently created on the basis of scientific developments of Kostroma scientists.


Object detection in computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can greatly improve the efficiency and reduce the workload of clinicians. In this paper, we propose a novel multiple reception field network with attention module for fracture detection CAD system. The main improvement includes three aspects. First, a double pathway backbone network with respective dilated convolution is designed to gain more fractural information based on different reception fields. Second, an attention module is designed which engaged in the backbone network to build channel-wise relevance. Third, we propose a refined Feature Pyramid Network along with attention mechanism to generate more detailed feature maps. We evaluate the proposed network on a bone fracture dataset of 3842 X-rays and results show that the proposed network outperformed other state-of-the-art object detection networks with average precision (AP) of 88.7% and have strong potential application in practical environments.


The New Baiyun International Airport, located in Guangzhou in Southern China, is slated to be the second busiest airport in China. Expected to handle at least 28 million passengers in its first year, the new airport will be able to handle any modern jet aircraft, including the planned Airbus 380. This article describes various cost-efficient design features of the new airport. China Southern Airlines will use the airport as its worldwide hub, and in its role as the major airport tenant, the airline will be service by five major components: the new Southern Airlines Group office building, air catering area, cargo facility, maintenance area, and service area. The article also describes the new power supply system for the airport, water supply and drainage system, and China Southern's network information and communication system.


Isolated pleural metastatic melanoma is an uncommon clinical condition. Clinical diagnosis can be difficult and therapeutic options are limited. We describe a case where there was isolated pleural metastasis, 10 years following complete excision of a superficial melanotic lesion, which presented like a malignant mesothelioma ('pseudomesothelioma'). Q 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The surface tension of molten bismuth has been analyzed and determined by the sessile drop method at temperatures ranging from 573 to 973 K and in the oxygen partial pressure (P-o2) range from 8.56 x 10(-16) to 8.37 x 10(-6) M Pa. At P-o2 = 8.56 x 10(-16) and 5.23 x 10(-13) MPa, the surface tension decreases linearly with the increase in temperature and its temperature coefficients are -0.087 and -0.064 mN/m/K, respectively. However, at high P-o2 in argon gas (8.37 x 10-6 MPa, not deoxidized with magnesium chips), the surface tension values and the absolute value of its temperature coefficient are both smaller than that at low P-o2 ranging from 8.56 x 10-16 to 5.23 x 10-13 MPa. Based on the review of the surface tension and the temperature coefficient of molten bismuth reported by various investigators, the surface tension obtained by our research is recommended as sigma (mN/m) = 382 -0.076 (T - 544 K). The effect of oxygen in the measurement atmosphere is considered from thermodynamics and kinetics on the basis of a model, and the experimental results can be explained qualitatively.


Aerodynamic testing of low-rise structures is fraught with difficulties that can be the cause of large measurement errors, resulting in the underestimation of aerodynamic pressures by a factor of as much as two. The errors are primarily attributable to the inadequate knowledge and simulation of wind flows affecting low-rise buildings, especially residential homes in suburban environments. A type of aerodynamic testing of sufficiently small low-rise structures is explored that does not entail the simulation of the turbulence intensity and integral turbulence scales. That type of testing would offer several advantages: eliminating a major cause of discrepancies among measurements conducted in different laboratories, allowing the use of larger model scales, and allowing testing in both typical commercial wind tunnels and in open jet facilities of the Wall of Wind (WoW) type. Preliminary tests based on data obtained at the University of Western Ontario wind tunnel and the Florida International University large-scale six-fan WoW facility suggest that the proposed type of testing yields systematically conservative results for the specialized type of measurements considered herein. In most cases, but not all, the degree of conservatism is modest. The results appear to be of sufficient interest to warrant additional research.


In an agricultural system with low herbicide input, prediction of the timing of annual weed developmental stages would be useful to predict weed growth rate and seed production, or to determine the appropriate timing for the application of foliar herbicides in order to optimize their use and avoid secondary effects of herbicide treatment such as water pollution or herbicide resistance. A model based on thermal time with a 1 °C base temperature has been proposed to describe the rate of appearance of leaves and tillers on the main stem of black-grass ( Alopecurus myosuroidesHuds.). Our data suggest that the variability in developmental rate is relatively low between plants within a trial, but that the leaf appearance rate varies according to the sowing dates and the growth conditions. According to the sowing dates, phyllochron values vary from 60 to 99 degree days per leaf, whereas tiller developmental rates vary from 66 to 95 degree days. The combined action of cumulative radiation and photoperiod can modify phyllochron values. According to the date of emergence in the field, two different phyllochron values apparently describe black-grass development rates for the population in this study. Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. / weed / development / phyllochron / base temperature


To accurately calculate heat, air and moisture (HAM) transfer in building envelopes, appropriate boundary conditions need to be specified. A previous study by Salonvaara and Karagiozis showed that calculations of moisture content in brick cladding could differ up to thirty times in magnitude when using different weather data sources. This study aims to investigate the effect of using urban (downtown) and suburban (Pearson Airport) weather data on HAM and wind driven rain (WDR) simulation. It was found that the temperature and humidity are very similar and WDR experienced differences between the two datasets. By utilizing WUFI for simulation of fifteen years of data, it was discovered that some WDR events peak at different times, however, the moisture can dry out in a reasonably short period of time. Also there are minimal differences in heat transfer between the two sets of data. Further, more detailed studies should be carried out with high resolution data to confirm such findings.


Disclosed is a composition comprising (A) an organometallic compound, (B) inorganic particles or organic-polymer particles, and (C) a binder ingredient. The organometallic compound (A) preferably is a compound represented by general formula (1):
(R 1 ) n M (1)
wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and the R 1 s may be the same or different, n is 2 or 3 and is equal to the valence of M, and M is a di- or trivalent metal atom.


An axisymmetric magnetic oscillation (AMO) of 5–10 kHz in the L-mode plasma edge has been studied on an experimental advanced superconducting tokamak. The analysis shows that this oscillation only occurs at the plasma very close to the L-H transition. The structure of magnetic oscillation is axisymmetric (n = 0) toroidally and demonstrates an m = 2 standing wave in the poloidal direction. The density fluctuation of AMO measured by reflectometry at the midplane is nearly in phase, indicating that the AMO is not a radial traveling wave. The AMO shows an obvious modulation effect on the background magnetic/density fluctuation, and as a result, the edge density/density gradient and particle flux onto the divertor are also modulated by the AMO. The frequency scaling of the AMO is f m ∝ ( ∇ n e / I p 2 ) − 1. The bicoherence analyses show a strong nonlinear interaction between the AMO and the background turbulence, and other nonlinear interactions between the AMO and three other coherent fluctuations with frequencies (∼4, ∼11, and ∼15 kHz) are also found.An axisymmetric magnetic oscillation (AMO) of 5–10 kHz in the L-mode plasma edge has been studied on an experimental advanced superconducting tokamak. The analysis shows that this oscillation only occurs at the plasma very close to the L-H transition. The structure of magnetic oscillation is axisymmetric (n = 0) toroidally and demonstrates an m = 2 standing wave in the poloidal direction. The density fluctuation of AMO measured by reflectometry at the midplane is nearly in phase, indicating that the AMO is not a radial traveling wave. The AMO shows an obvious modulation effect on the background magnetic/density fluctuation, and as a result, the edge density/density gradient and particle flux onto the divertor are also modulated by the AMO. The frequency scaling of the AMO is f m ∝ ( ∇ n e / I p 2 ) − 1. The bicoherence analyses show a strong nonlinear interaction between the AMO and the background turbulence, and other nonlinear interactions between the AMO and three other coherent fluct...


ABSTRACT This commentary offers an analysis of the implications of the US Women' National team Collective Action lawsuit against the US Soccer Federation. The players filed the lawsuit based on two grounds: first, that the US Soccer Federation violated the Equal Pay Act by paying them less than the men's national team and second, that the federation discriminated against them under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 1964, specifically in regard to workplace conditions. In this article, we discuss three interrelated aspects: (1) the legal implications of either the success or failure of the dispute; (2) playing and workplace conditions; and (3) the gendered meanings of equal pay and its socio-cultural implications. These significant challenges require analysis to understand potential implications of the outcome for women's football, and beyond. Recommendations are made for governing bodies and football clubs, in addition to possible future research directions for academics. We reflect upon the gendered, social and sporting meaning of equal pay for continuing the momentum of women's football, highlighting the need for the most successful women's football team in the world to achieve parity if we are to continue advancing gender equality in a 'new age' of women's sport.


Remote conferencing via the Internet will soon provide a cost effective and convenient avenue for distance learning. Used in conjunction with the asynchronous methods that are currently popular, both virtual classrooms and virtual office visits will provide ready access to instruction from a student's home or office. While some short-term technical impediments exist, the real bottlenecks are more likely to be in the areas of preparing institutions and instructors to use the technology and to use it effectively. This paper describes some of the technology involved, some of the current impediments, technical and otherwise. It also shares some experience and lessons learned in the use of this technology through a project funded by NSF and Louisiana Board of Regents grants.


As a writer in popular culture,Zhao Shuli walked in to masses to initiate the masses with pulmp emotion.After "Direction" was established Zhao Shuli's creation and expression was under the spotlight of the political ideology,new article standand,"celebrity" and cadre.In order to keep on the intellectural independence,Zhao Shuli,who represented peasant's culture,drifted away from the article order,fame and wealth,and advocated the amateur writing.Then Zhao shuli realized his social role as intellectual uniquity.


Respiratory distress is a common complaint for children seeking medical attention. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Hydraulic conductivity curves (HCCs) are important parameters in land surface modeling. The general way for predicting HCC from soil water retention curve (SWRC) requires an additional input of the...


Background : The surgical management of breast cancer is clearly evolving towards less invasive procedures. We are turning away from high priced medicine and are turning toward solving problems in more practical, simple and inexpensive ways. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immediate breast reconstruction with expanders and implants versus pedicled TRAM Flaps in terms of costs, complication rates, revision rates, operating room time, length of hospital stay and number of secondary procedures. Methods : A review of 152 immediate breast reconstructions over a 10 year period from april 2000 and December 2010 performed at our Institution, reconstructive techniques included TRAM Flaps in 70 patients and tissue expanders followed by implants in 82 patients. Results : In the TRAM Flap group the mean operative time was 5.1 hours, the mean length of hospital stay was 4.2 days and revision surgeries were performed in 6 patients (8.5%). In the implant based group the mean operative time was 2.6 hours (including the mastectomy), the mean length of hospital stay was 1.9 days and revision surgeries were performed in 6 patients (7.3%). On the basis of this review of autologous and prosthetic breast reconstruction in a 10 year period with a mean follow up time of 5.1 years for both groups, prosthetic reconstruction was significantly less expensive.


Requiring trigger warnings in university course syllabi seems a well intentioned exercise in symbolic politics, in which the terminology of psychology has been enlisted, but its meaning lost. The policy language proposed at some universities borrows the concept of trauma triggers from psychologists' understanding of PTSD, but would extend the meaning of trauma far beyond the criteria set out in DSM-5. Moreover, the idea that university professors can predict and warn against trauma triggers in course materials runs counter to what psychological research has shown about trauma triggers. Unlike the stressors that can cause PTSD, even seemingly neutral objects, colors and locations associated with past trauma can be triggers. Just as accommodations are made for other individuals with disabilities or medical needs, universities can accommodate the needs of individual students with PTSD without the chilling effects on academic freedom and scholarly inquiry that a general requirement for trigger warnings would inevitably create.


The review underlines the cognitive and aesthetic values of Male folio (historia jednego wiersza), a book by Mrowcewicz who interprets the poem Na oczy krolewny angielskiej, ktora byla za Fryderykiem, falcgrafem renskim, obranym krolem czeskim by Daniel Naborowski in many ways. The researcher contrasted the poem by a Polish poet with the French original by Honorat de Porcheres Laugier, pointed to significant differences between the texts, and derived European contexts from both works. Bringing the characters of the poem closer, Mrowcewicz used unpublished sources, and successfully chose illustrations presenting the people and events in question. The review paid attention to archive records concerning the English princess to be found in Radziwill's property that Mrowcewicz did not use. The author of Male folio, in his essayistic form, offers readers interesting research hypotheses concerning Naborowski's contacts with Shakespeare, a magic garden of the Brotherhood of Rose's Knight in Heidelberg, as well as Radziwill's connections with European courts, which has not been the subject of academic reflections so far, and constitutes a great value of the publication.


Recently, a cumulant generalization of H2/Hinfin control has been given for the state feedback problem. This paper extends those results to the output feedback case. The Nash game approach to the H2/Hinfin problem is used. Sufficient conditions for two problems are determined. In the first problem the one player, the control, has only partial state information, while the other player, the disturbance, has full state information. In the other problem both players only have information based upon estimates of the state. Coupled Riccati equations for both cases are given, along with equilibrium solutions. The results are also applied to the first generation structural benchmark for buildings under seismic excitation.


The evaluation of long-term effects of climate change in cost-benefit analysis has a long tradition in environmental economics. Since the publication of the Stern Review in 2006 the debate about the appropriate discounting of future welfare and utility levels was revived and the most renowned scholars of the profession participated in this debate. In two recent contributions in Environmental and Resource Economics, there was dispute about intertemporal welfare economics between Partha Dasgupta and John Roemer about the correct interpretation of the topic. The aim of this work is to bring together economic and philosophical reasoning about justice and intergenerational equity in the context of climate change. So we adopt the normative view in order to present the most important ethical issues that, particularly in the context of climate policy, are most relevant for the choice of intertemporal discounting. Subsequently we explore whether ethical considerations may also be helpful to justify pure social discounting per se.


Since commercial banks in China are now in a transformation stage, it is significant to make a risk management system meeting with China's characteristics for enhancing internal accounting control of commercial banks. Commercial banks have problems in terms of incomplete internal control, weak accounting risk control awareness, insufficient understanding about internal control, and a lack of dual control mechanism. To cope with these problems, the banks shall improve the internal accounting control system, reinforce implementation of the system, establish a supervision mechanism, and complete the risk management system. In addition, they shall shape a risk control culture and build a talent pool of risk management. In so doing, bank internal risks could be restrained efficiently for the fast growth of a financial market suitable for China's realities.


The present invention relates to a touch-sensitive panel, and more particularly to a touch-sensitive panel of the capacitive type. Touch according to one embodiment of the invention detection panel comprising a plurality of which are located separate from each other on the touch sensitive area, that can sense touch a first touch electrode and a plurality of second touch electrode, wherein the arranged plurality in a first direction claim the first touch electrode a plurality of first connecting portion, a plurality of second connecting portion for connecting together the said first said of the arrangement plurality in a second direction different from the first direction the second touch before connecting to each other, adjacent to the second touch electrode and the first touch is positioned between the electrodes adjacent to the first touch electrode or a first connection connected to the first wiring connection portion, and the connecting wires and includes a shielding pattern extends along said interconnection.


During the OJ-94 campaign we got spectropolarimetric observations of OJ287. Although the polarization was very low (<l%), we have found wavelength dependent polarization using a technique that will be explained in the text. In the spectrum, we also see the [OIII] X5007 emission line, a feature that only can be seen when the object is in a low state.


The advantages of cloud computing technology are created by the government community hybrid model for education services in offering optimism about information and communication technology infrastructures and resource sharing, provides widely used education services, deployment and feasibility of devices and flexibility of time and place for users, and increase participation from the public and private sector as well as collaboration with government. The purpose of this study is to find models in the learning process in accordance with the character and advantages of this technology with the main role of government to operate, as well as look for relationship between schools, government and society. The research method is qualitative by conducting a literature study and also discussing it with experts. The results of this study consist of the model of the learning process, the implementation strategy and roadmap technology.


Mobile welding workshop is an indispensable engineering machinery of pipeline construction. Optimization design of structure and transmission of mobile welding workshop was researched. The operating weight of designed vehicle is two tons less than the existing mobile welding workshop and the width is reduced from 2400mm to 2200mm by optimization design. The welding test results show that the designed mobile welding workshop can meet the needs of practical engineering.


macrophages and neutrophils with the numbers mirroring the clinical severity of infection among WT and XCGD mice. We observed high numbers of macrophages and neutrophils at Day 1 among both groups of mice with the cell numbers returning to basal levels by Day 4 among WT mice. An increase in neutrophil counts was observed in XCGD mice at Day 4 and remained high at Day 12 indicating a continued state of inflammation within the lung microenvironment.


This is the first of a series of four papers to be presented. These papers will outline findings from a study of lesbian and bisexual women in 267 households who are currently parenting or intending to parent within 2 years. These women represent 157 families with 255 children, and 119 families planning children living in Victoria, NSW and South Australia. Two thirds of respondents were parents and one third were prospective parents, with a few women in both categories. This is the first survey in Australia that explores complex issues of decision-making for conception methods and related health issues, parenting roles and responsibilities, and social networks and support. It is also the first that compares findings across states. The study used a questionnaire design, with 55 closed question items, and 11 open-ended questions. Purposive sampling was used, using all known lesbian parenting and prospective parenting groups, mailing lists of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (GLBTI) groups in each of the three states surveyed, advertising through GLBTI community media and via health clinics with GLBTI clientele. Snowballing was also encouraged, with all methods using a purposive rather than random sampling strategy recommended to access stigmatised populations. 2 The sample is not representative of all lesbian families, nor does it enable comparison with heterosexual families. A more detailed methodology is presented in McNair et al (2002).


This article refines and extends SRISK methodology recently proposed in the literature. The refinement is to define systemic risk in terms of a put on the Basel shortfall. Background and systemic stress of a firm are defined as unconditional, and departure from unconditional expectation, of the put, the latter when a hypothetical systemic stress is applied. Systemic stress is defined in terms of a random variable and can take on variety of forms including alternative scenarios in usual stress testing as well stress driven by the interaction of variables. Stressor random variables are chosen by the practitioner. Stressed expectations are linear, a sector systemic stress is naturally defined as linear in the firm specific systemic stress. Application is made to Australian financial daily time series data.


Volume ray tracing of CD( Chessboard Distance )traversal is based on Rectilinear grid in volume graphics. The volume that isn't effective for the final image is signed during the preprocessor. It's accelerated by jumping them directly and reducing the number of volume - visited during achieving. The second volume's coordinate is decided by distance of rectilinear grid. In comparision with pure volume ray tracing algorithm ,the expended time is reduced to a smaller extent.


Dedication Acknowledgments Contents Introduction by Jane Goodall 1. The Budongo Forest 2. The Sonso community 3. Morbidity and mortality 4. Diet and culture at Sonso 5. Social organization 6. Social behaviour and relationships 7. Infanticide 8. Intra-community killing 9. The problem of snares 10. The human foreground 11. The Kasokwa Forest chimpanzees 12. The future of Budongo's chimpanzees and of the chimpanzees of Uganda as a whole References Appendix 1. The Sonso chimpanzee community Appendix 2. Plant food species Appendix 3. Genetics of the Sonso community Appendix 4. Reports on (a) necropsy of Ruda (b) outbreak of respiratory disease Appendix 5. Other primate species of the Budongo Forest Appendix 6. The Budongo Forest Project


ABSTRACT Alongside the revolutionary benefits of AI, it can cause numerous problems across the system development process. AI ecosytem players have recently started to interrogate the ethical biases implicit in AI-enabled applications and agents. The contestable nature of ethics and the complexity of AI-enabled applications has led to incoherent literature around AI ethical biases. The numerous conceptions of AI ethics and a multiplicity of ethical biases has compounded matters for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. The current study proposes a conceptual framework to organize AI ethical biases. A narrative literature review was conducted to identify and group the biases into data biases, method biases and implementation biases. The CRISP-DM framework was used to classify the ethical biases. The emerging conceptual framework has four clusters that represents: System development phases, scope of ethical bias, exemplars, and possible solutions. The study extends the existing AI ethical frameworks and provides a unified communication artefact for practitioners.


This case report describes a rare complication that occurred during the performance of a MitraClip procedure. Following deployment of the clip, the portion of the device that attaches the clip to the clip delivery system (CDS), referred to as the radiopaque tip, embolized to the left atrium during removal of the CDS through the guide catheter. The percutaneous strategy that was used to successfully retrieve the radiopaque tip is described and discussed.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This paper selects the panel data of 16 cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2015, and uses differences-in-differences model to analyze the impact of high-speed railways on the industrial structure and Carbon Emission of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. The results show that the construction of high-speed rail has reduced the proportion of the secondary industry and has a significant role in promoting the development of the tertiary industry. Among them, fixed asset investment increased the proportion of the secondary industry and the tertiary industry, and technology investment decreased the proportion of the secondary industry, and increased the proportion of the tertiary industry, indicating that the improvement of the level of informatization is helpful to the development of the tertiary industry. It is proposed that a more reasonable evaluation system for the economic effects of highspeed rail should be established. At the same time, the impact of high-speed rail construction on the industrial structure is different. When formulating policies, we must not only weigh the spillover effect and siphon effect of high-speed rail, but also give full play to the carbon reduction effect of economic agglomeration.


Progress toward optimizing highway safety has been hindered by a lack of consistent, high-quality data for use by highway designers. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 17-12, Improved Safety Information To Support Highway Design, was undertaken to address issues associated with the availability and use of safety data to support highway design activities. The project led to important insights on the role of safety analysis in the highway design process, current barriers to effective use of highway safety data, and strategies that can be used to overcome these barriers. These insights are discussed in this article.


A novel micromixer is proposed, fabricated and verified. The new concept of the micromixere is to cross-link the many capillaries in three-dimensional structure. The characteristic flow behaviors are simulated by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software "FLUENT". The results of the CFD shows unique mixing behavior in three-dimensionally cross-linked capillaries. The mixing performance of the micromixer is strongly influenced by controlling the three-dimensional crossing condition. The micromixer is fabricated by means of deep X-ray lithography with multi step exposure. The cross-linked capillary structures are successfully fabricated with controlled cross-link conditions. The performance of micromixer is evaluated by using a kind of enzyme reaction. By comparing mixture, mixed with cross-linked fluid filter and fluid filter without cross-linked capillaries, we found out the speeding up of the reaction by using new micromixer.


Smartphone technology can be characterized as multi-function device that helps people to manage
their task. This study is being emphasized because there is no legitimate answer in Malaysian context whether perceived usefulness had contributed an impact on smartphone technology acceptance. Therefore, there is a need to explore how perceived usefulness affect smartphone technology acceptance among Malaysian young adults.
This study was conducted using (TAM) model to capture detailed view about perceived usefulness and the relationship with smartphone technology acceptance among Malaysian young adults. The findings of this study confirmed that perceived usefulness drives the smartphone technology acceptance among Malaysian young adults and it cannot be denied that the advanced features of smartphone technology had influenced Malaysian young adults to possess smartphone technology and make use of it for their personal tasks.


There are many desciptions of silk things in Wen Tingjun's works,The Tang Dynasty poet's silk things are associated with the images of women.They help to depict the women's beauty of their appearance,to reveal their inner world,to describe their living environment.Plenty of silk things in his poems characerized his Amorous.


The dephasing time of spin-polarized atoms in an atomic vapor cell plays an important role in determining the stability of vapor-cell clocks as well as the sensitivity of optically-pumped magnetometers. The presence of a buffer gas can extend the lifetime of these atoms. Many vapor cell systems operate at a fixed (often elevated) temperature. For ambient temperature operation with no temperature control, it is necessary to characterize the temperature dependence as well. We present a spin-polarization lifetime study of Cesium vapor cells with different buffer gas pressures, and find good agreement with expectations based on the combined effects of wall collisions, spin exchange, and spin destruction. For our (7.5 mm diameter) vapor cells, the lifetime can be increased by two orders of magnitude by introducing Ne buffer gas up to 100 Torr. Additionally, the dependence of the lifetime on temperature is measured (25 - 47 oC) and simulated for the first time to our knowledge with reasonable agreement.


ABSTRACT This paper aims to reveal what is the current position of gardening as a leisure activity for urbanites, in general and in competition with other hobbies, and how the space of the urban domestic garden is perceived in this regard. To gather data, a questionnaire survey of 302 urban domestic garden keepers was conducted. The survey took place between April 2019 and November 2019 in the capital city of Prague, Czechia, and in 8 locations in other Czech cities and towns as a control sample. The results show that the importance of outdoor relaxation in evaluating one's garden prevails, but the possibility of creating something with one's own hands, to produce own food, or to form a more beautiful place are also highly appreciated. In the perception of Czech gardeners, work and leisure often intertwine. Similarly, gardens act as a multifunctional environment, which can be changed in particular phases of the human life cycle. Since gardens were often declared as vital components for many people, it is probable that there is a future for gardening as a leisure activity, although it may be construed rather as a 'light' version of gardening, adapted to one's busy schedule and other hobbies.


The new Constitution and the new Act are changing the status of the Hungarian Constitutional Court by developing the Hungarian constitutional tradition, creating better collaboration between the Constitutional Court and the ordinary judiciary, and establishing an effective instrument for the protection of individual human rights. But the pattern of the Parliament reacting to the rulings of the Constitutional Court with constitutional amendments reduces the competences of the Constitutional Court. It is to be hoped that this process is coming to an end, because otherwise the achievement of the "paradoxical revolution of law" is endangered. Due to the former extensive competences in terms of law review and its limited influence on ordinary jurisdiction, the status of the Constitutional Court caused problems. Because of the abstract nature of the procedures, the distance from the ordinary judiciary, and the power dilemma between the Constitutional Court and the Parliament respectively, the Government decided the main stream of its ruling up to 2012. Now there are some important changes, especially the introduction of a widespread constitutional complaint. The abolition of the actio popularis is justified. The relationships between the state organs seem to be better clarified and adjusted. The European clause of the 1949/1989 Constitution, which was largely retained in the Fundamental Law, contains a fundamental concept, which is that the European Union is founded on strong sovereign Member States. On the other hand, the Fundamental Law strengthens Hungary's ties to Europe by making these an integral part of that law. As the Constitutional Court had not yet really applied the European Clause, it now has the opportunity to put these two concepts into practice and make them mutually compatible by enforcing them at a high level. The discussions concerning the newest constitutional developments in Hungary mainly have their origin in the power struggle between the constituent majority of the Parliament and the Constitutional Court. It is not clear, however, how long this conflict will continue to be a matter falling solely within the national sovereignty of Hungary. Due to the parliamentary super-majority of the governing parties, the Constitutional Court is losing its power. Hungary is a unitary state; it is an open question whether there is any substitution needed to balance the power of the governing parties. Nevertheless, in spite of the substantial restrictions on reviewing the constitutionality of financial laws and the several amendments of the new Constitution, the Constitutional Court still plays a role in safeguarding democratic checks and balances. Indeed, it can have a positive impact on the European integration of Hungary. It has been granted new competences to guarantee constitutional unity within the Hungarian legal system and to complete the enforcement of individual rights. The Constitutional Court should make better use of its new granted competence to remedy any possible grievance entirely.


Fungal infections has significantly increased, enhancing morbidity and mortality. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics,catheters or immunosuppression diseases, are predisposing factors for its development.Once believed as non-pathogenic, Candida glabrata rapidly was perceived to be responsible for infections. Despite lacking a number of virulence factors allied to the majority of Candida pathogenicity, C. glabrata possesses high ability to colonize medical devices and human epithelium, resulting generally in biofilms formation ability. Its intrinsically low susceptibility to azoles, such as triazoles (e.g. fluconazole (Flu), voriconazole (Vcz)) and its biofilms tolerance is another problem. This study evaluated the effects of Flu and Vcz in the control of a reference, vaginal and urine C. glabrata biofilms and its relation with the expression of genes encoding for Ergosterol: ERG3, ERG6 and ERG11. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined for planktonic cells and biofilms were formed during 24h and treated (for 24h) with different concentrations of both antifungal agents. The effects of Flu and Vcz were analyzed by Colony Forming Units determination and by total biomass quantification using Crystal Violet staining. Biofilms were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Total proteins and carbohydrates were quantified from biofilms' matrices and ergosterol present in the matrices was also quantified by HPLC. qRT-PCR was used to study the gene expression of selected ERG genes. Our results show that, unlike Flu, Vcz had a very good Candida biofilm eradication capacity. No fluctuations between the two azoles were noticed in terms of proteins and carbohydrates, both presenting a blocked production in the first and an over-metabolism in the second. Ergosterol was detected in the matrices. Overexpression of ERG genes, in the presence of the both drug compounds was noticed. This work reveals the extraordinary capacity of C. glabrata to change with the purpose of overcome the adversities of the environment. The ergosterol present in matrices and the overexpression of Erg genes could be an explanation for higher C. glabrata biofilms tolerance, hampering the action of drugs against the cells, and when passing to the progeny, is, undoubtedly, a great advantage to the development of resistance to antifungals.


We present a simultaneous solution for the solar and atmospheric neutrino problems by constructing a left-right-symmetric model which yields Fritzsch-type leptonic mass matrices. Requiring the two neutrino problems to be solved simultaneously fixes the parameters of the model and leads to a prediction of an expected observation of solar neutrinos at the level of 50 to 120 solar neutrino units in the {sup 71}Ga detectors in the GALLEX and SAGE experiments. Our predictions are consistent with results from both experiments, particularly the measured flux and the allowed mixing parameter values recently reported from GALLEX.


Abstract Recycling of thermoplastic polymers is an important element of sustainable circular economy practices. The quality of mechanically recycled polymers is a concern. A method is presented to predict the structure and processability of recycled blends of polymers based on processability knowledge of their virgin precursor components. Blending rules at molecular weight distribution level are well established and form the foundation of the new method. Two essential fundamental building blocks are combined with this foundation. First, component and blend structure are related to viscosity via tube theories. Second, viscosity is related to melt flow index via a continuum mechanics approach. Emulator equations are built based on virtual experimental designs for fast forward and reverse calculations directly relating structure to viscosity and processability. The new combined method is compared with empirical blend rules, and shows important similarities and also clear quantitative differences. Finally, the new method is applied to practical recycling quality challenges.


Methods of separation and determination are usually combined and their combinations are diverse. The separation and determination stages are not often connected closely, but in a number of instances the properties of a separation product (concentrate) have a significant effect on the determination. Such a combination is not a simple sum of separation and determination techniques; sometimes virtually new methods arise. An example is the combination of solvent extraction and flame atomic-absorption spectrophotometry (if the extract is introduced directly into the flame). There is a tendency to carry out the separation and determination in the same device (gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography). In gas chromatography a group of analytical methods was developed that were hybrids of separation and determination techniques.New methods of such a type have been developed in this and in other laboratories. These methods include a combination of solvent extraction pre-concentration and spark-source mass spectrometry. Trace elements from a sample are collected on high-purity alumina after separation of the matrix by solvent extraction; the alumina is then analysed by mass spectrometry. Copper oxide has been used as a collector for the determination of trace amounts of noble metals. Other hybrid methods have been suggested that are based on combinations of solvent extraction with polarography and spectrochemical analysis. Organic chelate-forming reagents, which are free radicals, have been used in a combination of separation and electron-spin resonance spectroscopy; this allows the latter technique to be made a universal analytical technique and the sensitivity to be increased. High-performance liquid chromatography can be used for inorganic analysis in combination with solvent extraction. Some new reagents have been proposed for the group pre-concentration of trace elements.


Background and aims: Maintaining a healthy diet that provides adequate energy and nutrients is vital to support intense training as well as to optimize immune system functions. Proper nutrition is a fundamental component of athletes' training and performance plan. This study assessed the food intake and total energy expenditure of athletes in the Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Nigeria.Methods: A structured questionnaire was used in data collection on physical activity level, food frequency and body mass index of seventy-eight athletes selected for the study using systematic simple random sampling.
Results: The results revealed that 87.2% of the athletes were between ages of 21 and 26 years. Fifty-five percent of the athletes skipped meal while 58.97% skipping lunch. About 58.97% spent N100 and above on each meal and also 43.59% ate 2-3 hours before training. Nine percent had health challenge, food frequently consumed were carbohydrate, protein and 80.8 of the athletes suffered injury. Physical activity level showed that among the athletes, basket ballers were at the positive range of 2.13+0.62. The result of anthropometric measurement of height and weight (body mass index) showed that 67.95% had normal body mass index, 11.54% of between 15-20 ages levels of the athletes were underweight, 10.26% were overweight and 7.69 % were under weight.
Conclusion: The study showed that there are under nutrition and over nutrition among the athletes, the percentage of athletes with normal body mass index was average, thus most of the athletes had nutritional status adequate for their sport activities.


HPLC was applied to monitor the dehydration reaction,in the production process of L- pyroglutamic acid from L- glutamic acid. The chromatography is operated by adopting a YMC- Pack Pro C18 RP column( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm × 5 μm) and mobile phase composed of aqueous solution of 5 mmol·L- 1potassium dihydro phosphate and 0. 05 mmol · L- 1ammonium dihydro phosphate in combination of acetonitrile with volume ratio of 9∶ 1. The content of L- pyroglutamic acid in reaction solution was determined by the standard spiking method. The results showed that the plot of the content and the peak area displays good linearity in the range of 0. 017 8 ~ 0. 065 3 g · L- 1with r = 0. 998 7; the average recovery is 99. 31%,while the relative standard deviation for repetitions is 0. 45%. Based upon this monitoring method,it showed that the dehydration reaction achieves the best condition at reaction time of 1 h.


The examples of ten-dimensional vacuum Einstein spaces composed of four-dimensional Einstein spaces and six-dimensional Ricci-flat base space defined by the solutions of the Korteveg de-Vries equation are constructed.


socialist firm, in which "The behavior of the enterprise in a socialist economy is determined by the nature of the socialist system." The firm is understood as embedded in surrounding institutions. From this perspective, the weakness of the socialist firm is not underinvestment but overinvestment resulting from the "expansion drive" characteristic of socialist planned economies. Part 2 of the book attempts with limited data to determine econometrically whether the property rights or the Kornai theory is more correct in explaining Yugoslav investment behavior. While there is not space to evaluate the econometric procedures applied, it is fair to say that they are thorough. More questionable is the use of aggregate national level data to test the fundamentally micro-economic hypotheses about firm behavior in the property rights approach. I would be less troubled here if the author were not already theoretically inclined (for good reason) to doubt the property rights explanation. These econometric concerns notwithstanding, the importance of testing these competing theories justifies the simplifying assumptions the author has had to make. Overall the book constitutes a significant contribution to critical evaluation of existing theories of self-management.


In this paper, the vibration phenomena of circular cylinders both for the uniform cross flow and the gap cross flow are compared, making clear the similarities and the difference between both experimentally. The flow-induced vibration experiments were performed by utilizing the same fundamental test apparatus as in the 1st report, and by artificially expanding the flow band width of the cross flow which is exerted on the circular cylinders from the extremely narrow width to the uniform flow width. As a result, it is found that the critical velocity of the vortex shedding vibration and that of fluid elastic vibration become almost constant regardless of the flow band width, when the equivalent velocity is calculated using the continuity condition, and by applying the momentum flux theory on the cross flow jetted from a narrow gap, respectively.


This study aims to see the effect of service quality and price perception on patient loyalty which is mediated by patient satisfaction. Respondents in this study were patients who came to the PUSPIPTEK Medical Center. Hypothesis testing was carried out using quantitative research with a sample size of 100 respondents. Data were obtained through electronic questionnaires that were digitally administered to respondents. The analysis technique used is Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using the SmartPLS program. Based on the results of data processing and data analysis it was found that there is a significant effect of service quality on patient satisfaction, there is an effect of Price Perception on patient satisfaction, there is no effect of service quality on patient loyalty, there is a significant effect of price perception on patient loyalty, indirectly there is the effect of service quality on patient loyalty mediated by patient satisfaction, and indirectly there is a significant effect of price perception on patient loyalty by mediating patient satisfaction. The PUSPIPTEK medical center is one of the existing ones in the South Tangerang area. With this, the management can update other health service measures, such as the practice of specialist doctors along with increasing consumer desires and increasing consumer needs.


The Department of Chemistry is internationally recognized for its research and education. As part of a commitment to continuing this tradition of excellence, the department provides a graduate program that integrates opportunities for cutting-edge creative research and study across a wide range of areas including analytical, atmospheric, biochemistry, biophysical, chemical physics, environmental, organic, materials and nanoscience, and physical chemistry.


Hemodynamic pressor response to the airway instrumentation and surgical stimulation is a hazardous complication of General Anaesthesia . . The aim of present study is to evaluate efficacy of oral pregabalin 150 mg as adjuvant to standard premedication for attenuation of haemodynamic responses to surgical stimulation and compare it with placebo for patients undergoing laparascopicsurgeries.A total of 50 adult consented patients aged 18–65years,ASA grade I and II, of both gender were randomized into two treatment groups of 25 patientseach. Group I received orapregabalin 150 mg and Group II oral placebo 1 h prior to induction.  Anaesthetic technique was standardized and all groups were assessed for pre‑operative sedation, haemodynamic changes after the premedication, after laryngoscopy and intubation, along with intraoperative haemodynamic stability and post‑operative analgesia and side‑effects.Pre‑operative sedation levels were higher with pregabalinpremedication.Statistically significant attenuation of  heart rate and mean arterial pressure was seen in Group I while significant increase in heart rate and mean arterial pressure was observed in Group II after airway instrumentation and also intraoperatively and post operatively. Oral pregabalin 150 mg premedication has adequately sedated thepatients with effective attenuation ofhaemodynamicpressor response of airway instrumentation. The premedicated patients were haemodynamically stable perioperativelywithout prolongation of recovery time and notable side‑effects


Two-photon free-free transitions take place in such processes as the ionization with excess photons and bremsstralung. In nonrelativistic dipole approximation it is convenient to use the Green's function formalism. Up to now in the configuration space free-free transition amplitudes have not been written in the closed form [1]. The modified Coulomb Green's function (CGF) Sturmian expansion is derived and analytic expressions for two-photon bound-free and free-free transition amplitudes are obtained.


The novel sesquiterpene hydroquinone isoarenarol (1) and the known compound arenarol (2) were isolated from extracts of the marine sponge Dysidea arenaria Bergquist as part of a search for new protein kinase inhibitors. Both 1 and 2 showed potent and selective protein kinase inhibition in vitro.


Operational areas of German light rail systems are described and comparison is made of the operation of underground and light rail systems.


. A formerly unknown male of Oreonetides beringianus Eskov, 1991 is described for the first time from the typical tundra of Yamal Peninsula, Russia. The corresponding female is re-described and recorded from Yamal Peninsula for the first time. The genitalic structures of both sexes are illustrated, and the taxonomic position of the species is briefly dis-cussed.How to cite this paper: Tanasevitch A.V. 2022. The first description of the male of Oreonetides beringianus Eskov, 1991 (Aranei: Linyphiidae) from the Russian Arctic // Arthropoda Selecta.


The literature on trust, control and knowledge creation in seems to be moving towards a consensus. Trust is necessary to create an open atmosphere for knowledge creation while control acts as a safeguard against malfeasance. Networks that neglect either one often create less knowledge, such as new skills and products. Temporary networks, however, may have to depend more on control than on trust since their temporary nature may reduce the opportunity to develop trust. This paper contributes to the literature on trust, control and knowledge creation by empirically examining these variables in temporary innovation networks in the Eindhoven region in the Netherlands. Previous research showed that these networks contribute to regional economic development. This paper explores the mechanism through which this happens. Temporary innovation networks may lack trust in case the partners had no previously collaboration. They may therefore rely more heavily on control. On the other hand, these networks are formed with a specific purpose and may have mechanism to compensate for a lack of trust. The research question of this paper is: How do trust and control affect knowledge creation outcomes of these networks? Several factors that may affect this causal relation will be taken into account: - Previous relations among partners, - Mutual dependency among partners, - Level of agreement on project goals. The data for this research were collected in 2005. The paper develops several theoretical patterns on how trust and control affect knowledge creation among the members of the temporary networks and how this yields knowledge creation outcomes. Different levels of trust and control have different effects on the willingness to share knowledge and the use of communication modes. Control encourages formal communication that emphasizes the exchange of codified knowledge, while trust encourages informal communication that emphasizes the exchange of tacit knowledge. Both are necessary to produce knowledge creation outcomes. The paper develops several theoretical patterns that ar matched to empirical patterns derived from selected networks (cases) in the Eindhoven region. The results show that a combination of moderate control and high levels of trust produce the highest levels of knowledge creation outcomes.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel Bacillus thuringiensis strains substantially all of pesticidal activity of the strain is in the fermentation supernatant of strain. This strain has activity against coleopteran diseases insects, producing substances which increase the pesticidal activity of a Bacillus related pesticide. The present invention further provides substance and pesticides carrier or substance and a Bacillus related pesticide, chemical pesticide and / or pesticidal compositions containing virus with pesticidal properties, as well as suppressing pests using agrochemical composition there is also relates to a method for.


In this exploratory study of 152 undergraduate students, the relationships among spirituality, cognitive and moral development, and existential sense of meaning were examined. Results suggest that no relationship exists between spirituality and cognitive development, but that spirituality is positively related to both moral development and purpose in life.


This study examined the existing literature on current early intervention processes for children who are deaf or hard of hearing who are from low-income or minority families. The review of literature includes a framework of understanding the dynamics of low-income households and cultural differences among African Americans, Latin Americans, and American Indians.


Learning motor skills for robots is a hard task. In particular, a high number of degrees-of-freedom in the robot can pose serious challenges to existing reinforcement learning methods, since it leads to a high-dimensional search space. However, complex robots are often intrinsically redundant systems and, therefore, can be controlled using a latent manifold of much smaller dimensionality. In this paper, we present a novel policy search method that performs efficient reinforcement learning by uncovering the low-dimensional latent space of actuator redundancies. In contrast to previous attempts at combining reinforcement learning and dimensionality reduction, our approach does not perform dimensionality reduction as a preprocessing step but naturally combines it with policy search. Our evaluations show that the new approach outperforms existing algorithms for learning motor skills with high-dimensional robots.


Rare isotopes, both by their significant neutron-over-proton unbalance or their weak binding, offer unique features to understand atomic nuclei. The completion of facilities dedicated to produce radioactive ion beams worldwide has allowed one to span new regions of the nuclear landscape where new properties of nuclei, in particular the evolution of shell structure, can be investigated. It is now established that the nuclear shell structure, as unraveled from stable nuclei, is not universal across the entire nuclear chart but evolves depending on which neutron and proton orbitals are occupied. Intensive theoretical efforts driven by new experimental findings have led to clarification of microscopic mechanisms for such changes and their predictions are confronted to further observations. Away from stability, the shell model picture of a nucleus can also be subject to significant modifications due to low binding energy of Fermi nucleons. New phenomena have been observed in the past decades. The development of weakly bound neutron halos occurs in light nuclei at the neutron drip-line, as well as strong nucleonic correlations under the form of alpha clustering. Many quantum phenomena related to rare isotopes raise fundamental questions that remain to be solved: Can we reach a universal description of nuclear structure? What are the origins of shell evolution? How do the di-neutron correlations appear in Borromean nuclei? What are the conditions for clustering to emerge? What is the role of the underlying structure of nucleons in low-energy nuclear physics?


Light can be used as a probe to explore the structure of space-time: this is usual in astrophysical and cosmological tests; however, it has been recently suggested that this can be done also in terrestrial laboratories. Namely, the Gyroscopes In General Relativity (GINGER) project aims at measuring post-Newtonian effects, such as the gravito-magnetic ones, in an Earth-based laboratory, by means of a ring laser array. Here, we first review the theoretical foundations of the Sagnac effect, on which ring lasers are based, and then, we study the Sagnac effect in a terrestrial laboratory, emphasizing the origin of the gravitational contributions that GINGER aims at measuring. Moreover, we show that accurate measurements allow one to set constraints on theories of gravity different from general relativity. Eventually, we describe the experimental setup of GINGER.


Remote sense is the best way of keeping monitoring ecosystem.It can help to monitor ecosystem and how to manage it.The existing land classification system in the world often bases on either land use/land cover or resources investigation.Any exesting land classification system cannot meet the demands of ecomonitoring and eco-management.There is a land eco-classification system put forward to meet the demands of environmental monitoring and management in the study.


Practice of proof is considered in the view of language and meta-mathematics, recognizing the role of proof that is the means of communication and development of mathematical understanding. Linguistic components in proof texts are symbol, verbal language and visual text, and contain the implicit knowledge in the meta-mathematics view. This study investigates the functions of linguistic elements according to Halliday's functional grammar and the rhetoric skills in proof texts in math textbook, teacher's note, and student's written text. We need to inquire into the aspects of language for mathematics learning process and the understanding and use of students' language.


This is the first report on the cDNA sequences of bat interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The cDNAs of bat IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, and TNF-alpha comprise 459, 405, 624, 537, 990, and 699 base pairs respectively. Moreover, each of the cDNAs of bat IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, and TNF-alpha contain a single open reading frames encoding 152, 134, 207, 178, 329, and 232 amino acids, respectively. The comparison of bat cytokines with Perrissodactyla (horse), Carnivora (dog and cat), and Cetartiodactyla (cattle and pig) orthologs revealed a high degree of homology. Although the N-terminal amino acids and cysteine residues are highly conserved in each mature cytokine, the deduced N-linked glycosylation sites vary across species.


This article examines the complexities inherent in creating social history displays which honestly represent communities whilst at the same time remaining sensitive to participant's needs and fears of exposure. It considers ways in which oral history collecting to inform displays is subject to self-censorship, community collusion in 'stigma management' and the curatorial decision making process of local government officers. Drawing on material collected for the People's Palace Glasgow and elsewhere it analyzes the ways in which individual responses are used to create notions of community identity, within the framework of the social history museum as voice of local government. Lastly it considers the impacts of such histories on local, tourist and diasporic visitors when the context for such memories (and indeed objects) has been changed by their relationship to the museum.


The present invention discloses a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus, the process cartridge includes an image forming unit, the toner container attachment unit and storage unit, the image forming unit includes an image bearing member, a developing unit and a cleaning unit. An image bearing member bearing a latent image and the toner image and the toner image is transferred onto the transfer member. A developing unit to form a toner image on an image carrier by toner the latent image on the image bearing member. A cleaning unit for cleaning the image bearing member after the transfer by removing remaining on the toner image carrier. Container mounting unit is provided at a position separated from the image formation unit and the toner container is removably mounted on the container mounting unit, the toner container storing toner to be supplied to the developing unit. The toner storage unit in a space extending between the container attachment unit and the image forming unit, and a cleaning unit accommodating toner removed from the image carrier.


Objective: To provide the scientific basis for the standardized plantation of Radix Isatidis Method: The germplasm resources of radix Isatidis produced in Bozhou were researched and germ chromosome was identified Result: There are two species of Radix Isatidis cultivated at Bozhou in Anhui province:diploid and tetraploid Conclusion: It is confirmed that diploid is the germplasm resource of Radix Isatidis and isatis leaf prescribed by national pharmacopoeia


Vegetable-growing is one of the foundations of the agricultural production industry, which has been widely developed in the Absheron zone, as in other regions of our republic. In the country, vegetable crops are mainly used for deserted soils and landslides. These soils are composed primarily of lightweight and gray casing according to their mechanical composition, and this production area is of great importance in terms of their erosion resistance.


The utility model discloses a T-shaped connecting piece made of trough sealing keel sectional materials studded with laminar flow covers. The T-shaped connecting piece comprises a T-shaped main body; each of the tips in three directions of the T-shaped main body is provided with a connecting part, wherein each of the connecting parts is provided with a connecting hole; and the inner side and the outer side of the T-shaped main body are provided with subsidence grooves filled with gelatin. The T-shaped connecting piece of the utility model has the advantage of avoiding the local leakage between a high-efficiency filter and the T-shaped connecting piece.


Aquatic organisms are good bio-indicators of the environmental health in freshwater lakes; Xenobiotics are foreign materials to the organisms' body and do not occur naturally in nature. Xenobiotics accumulate in adipose tissues due to high affinity to fatty tissues. This paper reports the levels of Organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues, their metabolites and Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs) congeners in selected fish species from Lake Naivasha, Kenya. PCBs and OCPs are persistent organic pollutants most of which are banned or under restricted usage. The levels of p, p'DDT, p, p'DDE, p, p'DDD, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, CB28, CB52 and CB105 were determined in Tilapia, Oreochromis leucostictus, Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, and Mirror carp, Cuprinus spectacularlus, during the months of September December 2008. The concentrations ranged within Below Detection Limit (BDL) 0.29 for Heptachlor epoxide, 0.42 4.19 μg/Kg, for Heptachlor, 0.43 4.73 Aldrin, BDL 0.34 Dieldrin, p, p' DDT, BDL 6.69 p, p' DDE, BDL 27.15 p, p' DDD, BDL 28.87 methoxychlor, 0.05 5.56 CB28, 0.012 13.91 CB52 and BDL 0.45 CB105. The OCPs and PCBs varied widely between and within species. C. spectacularlus showed high levels followed by C. carpio and O. leucostictus respectively. Trophic position, lipid contents, weight and age/size of fish were important parameters in Xenobiotics concentrations in specimens. The occurrences of the Xenobiotics in fish indicate recent use in the catchment. The mean values and ranges of residues found in fish were below the FAO/WHO maximum acceptable limits in fish and sea food however increased monitoring is recommended to detect any changes.


A polarization multiplexing technique based on phase-shift-induced polarization modulation-to-intensity modulation (PloM-to-IM) convertor and a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is proposed to generate multi-band signals. Successful transmission of the traditional radio frequency, microwave (MW) and millimeter wave (MMW) signals is simultaneously achieved. Meanwhile, the intensity-constant optical carrier (OC) is reused for upstream 25-km transmission.


Digestive injury and complications resulting from caustic ingestion is the most challenging clinical situations encountered in gastroenterology. The commonest chemicals implicated in gastrointestinal caustic injury are alkaline and acid agents. The caustic ingestion is voluntarily and in suicidal intent in the most situations in adult .In fact, successful management of these patients requires multidisciplinary therapeutic approach including psychiatric support. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are the keys of success particularly in severe injury which can lead to death resulted from complications [1,2]. Ct scan abdomino-thoracic has an important value to diagnose and precise the trans-mural character of the esophageal lesion thus reducing excessive esophageal excision and digestive complications. Stricture formation is inevitable in some cases and the first treatment of this stricture is the dilations. Every effort should be made to retain the native esophagus and reconstructive surgery is required for ineffectiveness, complications or lack of the dilations. The objective of surgery is to establish both digestive continuity and swallowing function. Establish the gut continuity needs the use of an abdominal digestive organ. The time of surgery for caustic stricture is still under controversy. However authors suggest that the most beneficial time for surgery is not less than 3 months for the esophagus and 6 months for the pharynx [3]. Despite the reduction in operative mortality, the morbidity rate is still high. The accuracy of the surgical technique and the experiences of surgeon are the most important factors that may impact outcome in esophageal reconstructive surgery.