The grafting of a single spleen colony obtained from irradiated mice protected with 12‐day fetal liver will reconstitute the lymphopoietic and erythropoietic system of irradiation‐deprived syngeneic recipients. Using this experimental model, the early events during the ontogenic development of the immune system were studied in CBA mice. Cells capable of binding radio‐iodine labeled S. adelaide polymerized flagellin were first detectable after 18 to 20 days of lymphopoiesis starting from presumably a single stem cell. However, antibody‐forming cell production after immunization against the same antigen was not demonstrable until days 19 to 26. The same sequential development of antigen recognition (by rosette formation) followed by immune reactivity was observed for sheep red cell antigens, both events occurring later than those for POL. Our observed requirement for the ontogeny of an antigen‐recognition spectrum is compatible with Jerne's theory on the generation of antibody diversity.


Abstract The controversy surrounding the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology is briefly discussed. A 1968 article by James Schlesinger on the likely success of systems analysis in aiding decision-makers is used to illustrate some pitfalls involving comprehensive technologies. The lessons of systems analysis are drawn together with the literature on instream flow methods to illustrate that there is no one best way to perform an instream flow analysis. It is argued that technology should be employed only with an extensive knowledge of assumptions and purposes.


Temporal and geographic information needs are frequent and important but not well served by standard IR systems. Recent approaches address such needs by extracting and normalizing temporal and geographic expressions from documents. They calculate specific scores for the temporal and/ or geographic parts of a query. However, all approaches assume independence between the different query parts. In this paper, we present a new model to rank documents according to combined textual, temporal, and geographic queries. The independence assumption between the query parts is eliminated by calculating proximity scores. Thus, documents are regarded to be more relevant if terms and expressions satisfying the different query parts occur close to each other in a document. As our evaluations based on the NTCIR-GeoTime data show, our proposed model outperforms baseline models that do not use proximity information.


Objective:To clone and analyze Orf3 and Orf4 of the SARS coronavirus.Methods:Orf3 and Orf4 were obtained by RT-PCR from the SARS coronavirus genome .RT-PCR products were ligated into pUCm-T vector and sequenced.Results:Tow cloned segments were identical in length and these sequences were over 99% identical to Orf3 and Orf4 of all SARS genomes in Genebank data.Conclusion:Orf3 and Orf4 of the SARS coronavirus are successfully cloned using RT-PCR,which could be used for expression and functional research.


2 Abstract: The clustering is process of grouping objects based on some similarity measure. In hierarchical clustering, the objects can be clustered on the basis of single linkage, average linkage or complete linkage. In this paper we have proposed a hybrid approach of clustering based on AGNES and DIANA clustering algorithms, an extension to the standard hierarchical clustering algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, we have used single linkage as a similarity measure. The proposed clustering algorithm provides more consistent clustered results from various sets of cluster centroids with tremendous efficiency.


The main goal of the IEEE 802.11n standard is to achieve more than 100Mbps of throughput at the MAC service access point. This high throughput has been achieved via many enhancements in both the physical and MAC layers. A key enhancement is frame aggregation which reduces the overheads and increases the channel utilization efficiency. The MAC layer defines A-MSDU and A-MPDU frame aggregations in which MAC overheads are squeezed by aggregating multiple frames into a single large frame before being transmitted. As a consequence of the aggregation, new aggregation headers are introduced and become parts of the transmitted frame. The existence of such headers will have a negative impact on the performance, especially when aggregating frames of small payloads. In this paper, we have analysed the aggregation headers of the 802.11n aggregation schemes and introduced an MSDU frame aggregation that reduces the header's overhead and supports the applications that have a small frame size such as VoIP.


It is generally agreed that the role of trademark protection is to ensure that consumers can efficiently identify and purchase a particular company's product. However, the scope of this protection is highly contested. The recent emergence and expansion of the dilution doctrine, assignments in gross, "intent to use" applications, and logo protection have raised scholarly concern: These doctrines seem to protect the trademark as property in itself with value quite apart from its role as a device to help consumers identify particular products from particular sellers.


Self-frequency doubling calcium oxoborate compounds GdCa4O(BO3)3 were prepared as a single crystal by the Czochralski method. To reveal the nature and the distribution of defects, crystals were investigated by chemical etching, X-ray methods, high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), and Raman spectroscopy. XPS measurements were performed to reveal the impurity of the single crystal. GCOB crystal showed high ordering in the lattice up to room temperature.


The quality, availability, and pricing of SOI wafers will determine the speed of their adoption as starting substrates for mainstream integrated device manufacturing. While substrate availability is a commercial issue and will not be dealt with in this paper, quality and pricing directly depend on the manufacturing process. We are going to review the SiGen layer-transfer process with the emphasis on Plasma -Activated Bonding (PAB), room temperature cleaving, and non-contact surface finishing. We will demonstrate superior performance on key quality parameters (SOI thickness uniformity, HF defects, etc.) for 200 mm diameter SOI wafers. The scalability of the SiGen process is demonstrated on data from 300 mm diameter ultrathin (UT) SOI wafers. The range of SOI specifications (SOI layer thickness: tSOI, buried oxide thickness: tBOX) achievable with the SiGen layer-transfer process is reviewed. SiGen's manufacturing processes with PAB and room temperature cleaving are uniquely suited to a variety of applications from microprocessors and MEMS to multi-stack optoelectronics.


In order to research the radiation balance in the paddy field and the relation between water temperature in the percolating paddy field to percolation, the author carried out the observations of the radiation, water temperature, percolation in August 1958 at Nyuzen, Toyama Pref.The radiations were measured by using Beckman's net radiometer, hemispherical radiometer and Golzinsky solarimeter.The results obtained are as follows;(1) The radiation balance in the cultivated field is shown as following formula, S=RS(1-α)+(R↓-R↑)where S, RS, α, R↓, R↑ refer to the net radiation, short wave radiation, albedo, long wave radiation from upward and that from downward, respectively.The results measured in the paddy field was shown in Fig. 2.(2) The relations between rising effect of temperature in the percolating paddy field to percolation was found theoretically as shown in formula (16), θwp-θ0=(θw0)exp(v/-(LρaDdqs/dθ+cpρaD)), where θwp, θw0, v, L, ρa D, cp, q refer to the average water temperature in the percolating paddy field, average water temperature in the no percolating field, irrigating watea temperature, percolation (c. c. per min), latent heat (590 cal), density of air, diffusion coefficient (39cm per min), specific heat of air and specific humidity, respectively.


General trends in scaling dimensions of a circular‐shaped flip‐chip light‐emitting diode (LED) are studied by coupled electrical‐thermal‐optical simulations. Advanced chip design is considered, providing high efficiency of light extraction through the top surface of the LED die. The simulation model accounts for such important effects, as current crowding near metallic electrodes, thermal and non‐thermal efficiency droop caused by Auger recombination, and surface recombination at the edges of the LED active region. Interplay and competition of the mechanisms is demonstrated in a wide range of operating current densities and chip dimensions varied from tens to hundreds of micrometers. It is shown that surface recombination, which is especially important in small‐size LEDs, is the major mechanism controlling evolution of the LED characteristics under the chip size variation. The impact of surface recombination on LED characteristics is predicted to weaken at high current densities typical for operation of micro‐LEDs due to shortening of carrier life time in the active region. Advantages of micro‐LEDs are discussed on the basis of the simulations.


Ours has been a lawless and violent nation.' Indeed, race riots and bombings, although they are particularly dramatic manifestations of conflict, have claimed fewer lives than many other varieties of violence, individual or social. There are more criminal homicides in some American metropolises every year than there have been deaths from all the urban race riots of the 20th Century combined. A few famous feuds, and some important labor disputes have rolled up casualty lists which compare in length with the most spectacular interracial disorders. Social violence,2 and lawlessness generally, have not been phenomena expressed only in interracial relations in this country. This article reviews briefly two sets of historical data relevant to an understanding of those patterns of race relations in urban areas which have culminated in violence. An introductory section consists of a simple listing of some other varieties of social violence which have characterized inter-group relations in the United States and notes a widespread tradition of lawlessness, a tradition which has been manifested in every area of civic life. The remainder of the article reviews the changing character of interracial relations and their more specific manifestations in social, interracial violence.


The issues of translation and editing of scientific literature, including texts on the subject of Forestry and Landscape Architecture are analysed. The features of editing texts as sample texts on agricultural topics are described. Established that the editing process is to verify the information sequence of stages in order to improve or correct its structure, content, relevance, completeness, logical consistency. Editing agricultural texts and articles, including the forestry and landscape architecture texts refers to the sphere of technical translation. However, the problem faced by an editor, requires him not only to perfect and precise the language and grammar, impeccable sense of style, but also awareness of contemporary norms of editing and operating standards. It is assumed the necessity of knowledge of a particular industry terminology for successful translation, and also the ability to work with background and supporting literature. It should be noted that editing of the translation is characterised by two types of options. Firstly, the author edits with the support of the text translator. Secondly, the other person, an editor, checks and improves the translation. The editor should be familiar with the basics of translation in general and especially with practical criticism and translation. He must know a source language to assess the level of excellence on the translation of the original text. The editor should be competent in both of languages (from the original text (Source Text), to text translation (Target Text). The editor work should be based on the following editing stages: initial acquaintance with the text of the document, checking the current material, editing the material (corrections and adjustments).


Problems of Nature conservation and management are becoming more and more urgent. One of these problems which has acquired critical significance in many countries is water quality (and, first of all, drinking-water quality). Regular monitoring of water quality is a necessary condition for the conservation and management of rivers, lakes, and water-storage reservoirs, which are the basic sources of drinking-water. A very efficient way of monitoring such water-bodies is through the application of remote-sensing techniques to obtain data on waterquality parameters. We discuss here the results of some studies on the subject which were conducted in St Petersburg, Russia. The techniques mentioned have been used to determine the concentrations of: (a) chlorophyll-a (CHL) in phytoplankton, and (b) dissolved organic matter (DOM). Two mutually complementing approaches have been developed: (1) passive and active optical remote-sensing, which are based on the effects of specific absorption of natural light by the CHL and DOM molecules, respectively, and (2) the effect of forced fluorescence of the same matter under the influence of laser radiation having a certain wavelength.


The surface wave investigation and monitoring (SWIM) will be one of the two payload instruments carried by China France Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT) with a planned launch date in mid-2018. SWIM has six beams rotating around the vertical axis at incidence angles 0,2,4,6,8,10 degree. With nadir-beam, the SWH and wind speed can be detected as the same principle as an altimeter. At the same time, the ocean wave spectrum beams can also Catch the significant wave height (SWH). To find which SWH is more stable and accurate, first, the thesis presents an overview of SWH detection from a satellite. Then the principles of SWH detected from the altimeter, and the spectra beams of SWIM are reviewed. Finally, the comparison of SWH from ocean wave spectra beam and nadir beam of SWIM is performed according to the simulated data. The results show that the SWH from nadir beam is more accurate and stable than from spectra beam.


Abiotic stresses adversely affect crop productivity and quality. Salt salinity stress drastically reduces agricultural yield throughout the world affecting crop productivity. From the physiological point of view, the plant has numerous processes that function in coordination to alleviate both cellular hyper-osmolarity and ion disequilibrium. The molecular basis of salt-tolerance mechanism has to be understood first, so that one can identify the genetic determinants responsible for salt tolerance. Since in most cases, the fundamental salt tolerance determinants are found to mediate cellular ion homeostasis, this review will focus on the biochemical aspects primarily on the functional essentiality of ion homeostasis mechanisms in plant salt tolerance.


This paper is an exercise in Comparative Philosophy in that it attempts to compare the idea of Natural Law which is the basis of the Natural Law theory in Western Jurisprudential thinking with a similar idea which occurs in Traditional African Jurisprudential thought.  Thus the paper traverses the areas of Philosophy of law and Jurisprudence and of African philosophy.  The thesis of this paper is that criticisms of the Natural Law theory or the Natural Law school of Jurisprudence does not imply that it has not contributed to the development of law and the legal system. It still does.  The paper contends that Natural Law ideas have not only influenced the evolution of positive law, but in many cases have come to form part of it.  The paper affirms the point that indeed, traditional African jurisprudence in which the metaphysical, the religious, the moral, the political and the legal are unified and which recognizes two realms of law, one resting on  human authority and the other claiming divine or natural origin and therefore entitled to supremacy over the former – must have its origin in the same considerations which ground Western Natural Law theory. Keywords: Natural law theory, African Jurisprudence, African Philosophy, Philosophy of law.


Abstract As part of the ex-situ conservation of the rare plant species Teucrium santae (Lamiaceae), which is native to Algeria flora, we conducted this study under controlled conditions to determine the optimal circumstances for the germination of its seeds in terms of light, temperature, and water stress. The seeds showed a double dormancy that could be overcome using scarification with sulfuric acid combined with soaking in Gibberellic acid at 1,500 ppm. The seed's photosensitivity was tested afterward and found to be indifferent. The highest final germination percentage (75%) was obtained at a temperature of 20 °C. The temperature has no significant effect on the velocity coefficient, unlike the initial germination day and the mean germination time which decrease with increasing temperature. On the opposite of the velocity coefficient, water stress results in a tremendous depressive effect on the final germination percentage, initial germination time and mean germination time. The value of –1.2 MPa constitutes the water potential beyond which germination becomes impossible.


The present invention relates to a pesticide composition containing monosultap and its application in economic crops. Said pesticide composition contains pesticide component, carrier and auxiliary agent, the described pesticide component is formed from monosultap and imidacprid, and their weight portion ratio is 49:0.1-10. and they have extensive complementary property, can be used for preventingand curing various injurious insects on fruit trees, especially on apple tree.


A "spawning female-specific substance" (SF substance) [Hamazaki et al. (1985) J. Exp. Zool., 235:269–279] was isolated from the ascites fluid of the estrogen-fed (EF) male or nonspawning female fish, Oryzias latipes, by gel filtration chromatography, followed by high-performance ion-exchange liquid chromatography (HPLC). Biochemical analyses revealed that the SF substance was a glycoprotein that contained 3.01% carbohydrates and showed 49,000 molecular weight (mw) on SDS-PAGE. Amino acid composition and the carbohydrate content of the SF substance were similar to those of the glycoproteins, F1 and F2, which were purified from the hatching enzyme digest of the inner layer (zona interna) of egg chorion (egg envelope).

The inner layer of chorion from ovarian egg (oocyte) was separable into three different glycoproteins, ZI-1 (mw 76,000), Z1-2 (mw 74,000), and ZI-3 (mw 49,000) on SDS-PAGE. The major glycoprotein, ZI-3, was found to show the mw and amino acid composition that were almost identical to those of the purified SF substance. These results indicate that a substance that is almost the same as the major component glycoprotein of the inner layer of chorion, in terms of the biochemical as well as immunological properties, is present out-side the ovary and is produced in the liver of the spawning female fish as well as the EF fish.


The melting flow and heat transfer of copper-oxide coconut oil in thermal energy storage filled with a nonlinear copper metal foam are addressed. The porosity of the copper foam changes linearly from bottom to top. The phase change material (PCM) is filled into the metal foam pores, which form a composite PCM. The natural convection effect is also taken into account. The effect of average porosity; porosity distribution; pore size density; the inclination angle of enclosure; and nanoparticles' concentration on the isotherms, melting maps, and the melting rate are investigated. The results show that the average porosity is the most important parameter on the melting behavior. The variation in porosity from 0.825 to 0.9 changes the melting time by about 116%. The natural convection flows are weak in the metal foam, and hence, the impact of each of the other parameters on the melting time is insignificant (less than 5%).


A convex acoustic lens using room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber, whose acoustic impedance is similar to that of water, is a typical acoustic lens. A phase-continuous Fresnel lens was proposed to thin the shape of the lens because a convex acoustic lens has large attenuation due to its thickness. However, a Fresnel lens based on a convex spherical acoustic lens could not concentrate sound pressure completely on the focal point because of a spherical aberration. We designed an aspherical Fresnel lens by ray theory to remove the spherical aberration. A two dimensional finite difference time domain (2-D FDTD) method was used to survey the sound pressure field focused by the acoustic lens under condition in which the angle of incidence and the aperture were varied. Results showed that the aspherical Fresnel lens can concentrate greater sound pressure than the spherical Fresnel lens at normal and small angles of incidence.


In previous articles, an easy way to analyse a slot array fed through a radial line was presented. The analysis was based on a circuit approach where circuit parameters have been estimated using the first propagation mode in the radial line and the far field theory. Here we study the design of a particular application for circularly polarised broadside antenna. The design defines the length, position and orientation of the slots in the antenna surface. The final analysis of the antenna gives a good behaviour in field diagrams and gain.


SoD of the characteristics of the Brines of Onondaga, N. Y., have already been illustrated by a series of analyses in two previous reports elsewhere published.' The fOllowing pages may be considered as a continuation of the discussion on subjects of similar import, since I propose to treat here of certain peculiar features of the locality where these brines are fouud. The majoritl' of tbe wells, from which the supply of brine for tbe Onondaga Salt Works has been bitherto obtained, are located in a half oircle around the southern and eastern shores of Ononda~ Lake, north and west of the city of Syracuse. This entire dIstrict consists mainly of low lands, which are yet partly in a marshy etate. They have been reclaimed in the course of time from the original lake bed, by natural and artificial drainl1ga, and ex.tend from one to one and balf miles south of the lake. They are everywhere bounded by more or less abruptly rising grounds. These embankments, toward tho east and west, at the southern end of the lake basin terminate, in several places, in hills of a hundred feet and upward in height, consisting chiefly of sand and gravel. In other quite frequent instances may be seen the outcroppings of the red and blue shale of the Onondan Salt Group at a considerable elevation above the level of the lake. The Onondaga red and blue shale, in a crumpled condition, forms a clay of corresponding color i its present outcrops seem to have lieen originally covered with the same diluvial detritus which is spread so extensively over the northwestern part of tbe State. The shales of the Onondaga Salt Group underlie, also, the lowlands at the southern termination of the lake, dipping apparently at a rapid rate toward the center of the valley or its proximity, and are supposed (Beck) to form a natural underground basin in which the brine accllmulates. This pre-


I would like to express my sincerest gratitude and appreciation to my advisor, Prof. Hassan Azzazy, who was not only my teacher and mentor through out this journey to attain the Master of Science degree, but also like a father to me. I thank him for the science he taught me, for teaching me how to become a good researcher, for encouraging me to seize every learning opportunity that would boost my future career, and for inspiring me to direct my professional efforts for the good of mankind. His support and belief in my capabilities motivated me to put my best efforts into completing this project and gave me a promising outlook for my future career. I will forever be privileged to have been one of his students.
 I would also like to extend my deepest thanks to my co-advisor, Dr. Anne De Groot, whose support and guidance were pivotal in completing this project. I thank her for welcoming me into the University of Rhode Island to attend the 2012 Neglected Tropical Diseases workshop, where I acquired the scientific and technical knowledge that formed the basis for this project, and where I performed part of the project's empirical analysis. I sincerely thank her for her continuous support and encouragement, and for sparing no effort at providing me with the help I need to complete this project.
 A special thank you to my teammates at the Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics research group at the American University in Cairo for their help, support, and encouragement; especially to Marwa Hussein for her great help and technical advice. I would also like to thank my colleague, Ms. Nahla Hussein, for providing me with very useful technical advice on the optimization of the Polymerase Chain Reaction performed in this project.
 I would also like to express my gratitude to Frances Terry and Sheila Chandran from Dr. Anne De Groot's team at EpiVax Inc., who were always there to help me with the immunoinformatics analysis part of this project in spite of their busy schedules. I would also like to thank Andres Gutierrez, Dr. Anne's graduate student, for assisting me with the immunoinformatics analysis at the start of this project, and Mr. Joe Desrosiers, from Dr. Anne's team at the Institute for Immunology and Informatics at the University of Rhode Island, for assisting me in performing the empirical validation of part of the results of the immunoinformatics analysis performed in this project.
 Last but not least, I would like to sincerely thank my family for their guidance and support that lead me to this point; especially my mother, who motivates me to be my best in life, and who has also inspired me to tackle the subject of this project. Special thanks to my sister, Lana Abdel-Hady, for assisting with the artwork in this project.


Three major tinnitus identification tests, i. e., beat method, balance method and masking method, are reviewed literary. The new tinnitus identification test was devised and reported. Not only the central frequency and its loudness of tinnitus but also the pattern of frequency curve could be indicated by the new method. New method was applied to the tinnitus of Meniere's disease and the objective changing pattern was obtained.


One morning last year, driving between my clinic and our medical school, I tuned in to the middle of a locally produced, nationally respected radio news program expecting a conversation about the latest international crisis. Instead, the guest was a clinician-scientist discussing several recent articles challenging our current beliefs about and uses of mammography, including underreporting of harms, high rates of false-positives, screening-age controversies, and how women would make different choices if they knew the true risks. As I listened, I thought, Wow, this physician must have had media training. In point after point, she reduced complex data into easy-to-understand considerations without dumbing down the information. The host and callers clearly respected her. She came across as smart, warm, and articulate. I was impressed. Then the host took a call that changed everything. The caller said that her sister had been 42 years old with two small children when a breast cancer was found on her mammogram. Her sister, she explained as her voice rose in pitch and faltered just a little, had been through hell for treatment but was alive to see her kids grow up— all thanks to the mammogram. The caller didn't understand how someone could possibly advocate against a test that saves lives. The host expressed his sympathies, and then there was an expectant moment in which I tensed on behalf of my unseen, unknown colleague. She hadn't taken an antimammogram position, though when she discussed the new studies, I could see how the caller had come to that conclusion. The issues were complex and nuanced, and the physician-expert had been working hard both to respect the science and to allow for a multiplicity of perspectives. She began her response by congratulating the caller on her sister's good health and acknowledging how difficult the experience must have been for their entire family. Her tone of voice and choice of words made clear that she was a compassionate human being and a skilled clinician concerned first and foremost with patients' well-being. Then she returned to the evidence and its implications for patients. She discussed the difference between what's good for populations and what's good for individuals, elucidating the science and statistics behind such distinctions with what appeared to be effortless clarity. She concluded by explaining that mammograms did more harm than good to most 40-year-old women, and there was no evidence that they save lives. In those last few minutes—minutes in which the physician-expert was as articulate and personable as she had been previously—the feel and potential of the interview changed. The shift became apparent immediately as the host and subsequent callers challenged her in ways they hadn't previously. And it got worse from there. On the defensive, she cited more studies, fortifying her arguments with facts about breast cancer and the various strengths and limitations of imaging technologies. By the time I arrived at my destination, the show had shifted from an engaged conversation about new research into a subtly tense discourse that had less to do with mammograms than with the differences in how physicians and patients talk about what matters most. While there are multiple possible explanations for why the interview went awry, it comes down to this: in the public arena—outside medicine—if you counter the personal with the professional, the human with the scientific, more often than not you will find yourself in trouble. It's a matter of using the appropriate tool for the task at hand. In this case, what the radio show listeners had needed was not more facts but another story, one as compelling as the caller's and that also illustrated the science and the different perspective it supported. Evidence matters, but so too does the means by which we relay it. In fact, sometimes, as in this case, selecting the wrong means for one's audience can be unproductive or even counterproductive. As journalists, marketers, fundraisers, and politicians know all too well, the best strategy for education and persuasion in the public arena is usually a story that shows rather than tells how the salient facts are relevant in a particular life. If a person's sister (wife, daughter, lover, friend) has breast cancer, and that cancer was found by a mammogram, they are not interested in populations. He or she is only interested in the sister. In that context, science seems cold, clinical, and uncaring, perhaps even irrelevant. By contrast, another story, one with the same drama, passion, and power as the caller's sister's story, of how the mammogram harmed someone like their sister, might convince that person otherwise. In medicine, we give primacy to objectivity and big data. Rational, evidence-based arguments are expected and respected as the best approach to the important issues in health and health care. We also have clear notions of what constitutes expertise. For us, an expert is a clinician or scientist with particular accomplishments, including large numbers of patients treated with the condition in question or significant research and publications on the topic. This sort of evidence and expertise is valued outside medicine too, but not always and not exclusively. In the public arena, the N-of-1 personal experience is considered not only data worthy of consideration but also sufficient to establish expertise. With a frequency and consistency that should make those who question the role of anecdotes in discussions of medicine and science rethink their position, a single, welltold story of human suffering trumps the most eloquent explanation of a large-scale trial. A quote, A PIECE OF MY MIND


In this paper, we propose a compound framework that combines detection and tracking for long-range target tracking. Heavily modified Ferns with FAST-9 is firstly designed for target detection and initialization for tracker. During tracking phase, detector hands over tracking task to a new learning-based tracker called Tracking with Multi-resolution Prior (TMRP) that we present. The main advantage of our TMRP algorithm is the employment of offline training stage to remove most computational cost from online tracking phase, which means much higher real-time performance. During training phase of TMRP, we divide the large motion range into multiple levels artificially according to the law of "coarse-to-fine", then employ basic training equations to obtain multi-resolution priori error Jacobian matrices. This step can remarkably improve the performance of tracking violent movements. For our special application of long-range tracking, we design a multi-template-relay tactics to handle great variations of target scale while moving closer to target from faraway. We describe the real-time implementation our framework and TMRP. At last, an extensive quantitative experiments demonstrate that our method works well both in robustness and real-time performance.


In recent years, radical surgical techniques have been replaced with conserving ones, and a sentinel lymph node biopsy was introduced in the case of routine lymphadenectomy. Subcutaneous amputation with an immediate breast reconstruction or radical breast amputation in Madden modification are used in advanced tumours. Breast conserving surgery and effective neoadjuvant therapy reduce the range of the operation and postoperative complications. Similarly, breast reconstructions do not increase the risk of cancer development, and they do not impede the detection of a local recurrence. This paper presents the most commonly used types of surgery used to treat breast cancer, and the possibility of a surgical reconstruction of the breast. The methods of physiotherapeutic management in particular stages of treating women both after radical surgeries and reconstructions, including the aspect of maintaining their physical activity and mental balance are discussed.


In recent years, reading has been the focus of attention in Portugal, regarding the training of teachers. The implementation of the Portuguese National Teaching Program (2006-2010), the development of the National Reading Plan (in progress, until 2027) and other initiatives, at national level, namely concerning primary education, have contributed to innovate reading practices. However, despite the importance of these programs to make reading a priority of the Portuguese curriculum, few studies in Portugal investigate the conceptions on reading of future teachers' and their impact on educational practices, mainly regarding reading motivation and reading comprehension, recognized as increasingly relevant for the development of literacy. The purpose of this study was twofold: to characterize and to identify the conceptions on reading of future teachers and to determine the influence of these conceptions on their future educational practices, concerning reading motivation and the development of competencies in reading comprehension. Participants were 53 future teachers enrolled in a first degree in Education (third year) of a polytechnic institute in the centre of Portugal. Considering the aims of this study, we took a qualitative approach, based on a case study framework. To increase the credibility and the reliability of the study, as recommended in the literature, several instruments were used to gather data: a questionnaire, a written essay and two worksheets for data on students' conceptions; a written report on lesson planning with individual and collective components, for data concerning students' competencies on reading comprehension. Students' conceptions on reading emerged as a complex and multidimensional construct, mainly based on the valorisation of knowledge and vocabulary acquisition. Although most students enjoyed reading, due to both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, they mostly valued it in classroom contexts and depreciated reading for pleasure, which was not the activity of their choice for their spare time. Conceptions on reading motivation were related mainly to family literacy practices, reading for academic purposes and reading habits (most students preferred to read novels, newspapers and magazines). Results also showed that: i) when choosing books to motivate children to read, the importance of paratextual elements was strongly emphasized but students gave little attention to the importance of creating a literacy-rich environment in the classroom; ii) students had difficulties in establishing criteria to choose those books and to justify the choices they made as well. As far as students' competencies on reading comprehension were concerned, we concluded that they were mainly related to the strategies they were able to use while reading for different purposes. Important strategies such as activating prior knowledge and making inferences were not considered relevant by these students. Results on their lesson planning allowed us to understand that they replicated the reading strategies they used to develop children's reading comprehension. We concluded that these conceptions on reading would have an impact on their future educational practices concerning reading motivation and the development of reading competencies. Further studies are needed for a deeper understanding of these conceptions, so that they might be considered on their training and have impact on their educational practices.


PREPARES an adhesive resin by polymerizing a monomer mixture piperylene concentrate 10 to 70% and 30 to 90% of a vinyl aromatic monomer IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST OF BORO TRIFLUORIDO. RESIN IS WATER WHITE, has a number GARDNER LESS THAN ONE POINT OF SMOOTH 60 100 CY a polydispersity of 1 to 5. The bonding is used in formulations based on EVA, block copolymers, or polyolefins FOR APPLICATIONS AND ACCESSION hotmelt pressure sensitive.


Emerging hybrid threats in large-scale warfare systems require networked teams to perform in a reliable manner under changing mission tactics and reconfiguration of mission tasks and force resources. In this paper, a formal Command and Control (C2) structure is presented that allows for computer-aided execution of the networked team decision-making process, real-time tactic selection, and reliable mission reconfiguration. A mathematically justified networked computing environment is provided called the Augmented Discrete Event Control (ADEC) framework. ADEC is portable and has the ability to provide logical connectivity among all team participants including mission commander, field commanders, war-fighters, and robotic platforms. The proposed C2 structure is developed and demonstrated on a simulation study involving Singapore Armed Forces team with three realistic symmetrical, asymmetrical, and hybrid attack missions. Extensive simulation results show that the tasks and resources of multiple missions are fairly sequenced, mission tactics are correctly selected, and missions and resources are reliably reconfigured in real time.


Objective To investigate the effectiveness and operation skills in improved plasty of the inferior turbinate.Methods Totally 114 cases of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis were randomly grouped.The 57 cases of group A were treated by improved plasty of inferior turbinate,and the other 57 cases of group B were treated by submucous turbinate resection with a micro-suction cutter.Results The post-operative nasal resistance value and VAS scores were significantly lower than the pre-operative ones(P 0.05); There was no statistical significance between the two groups in comparing pre-operative and post-operative 1 month nasal resistance value and VAS scores(P 0.05),but there was after post-operative 1 year(P 0.05); There was no significant difference in recent and forward curative effect in group A(P 0.05),but there was in group B(P 0.05).Conclusion The improved plasty of inferior turbinate can result in better forward curative effect than the submucous turbinate resection with a micro-suction cutter,and it is ideal in improving chronic hypertrophic rhinitis.


Motivational deterrents increase the level of cold discomfort that an individual will tolerate prior to engaging in warm‐seeking behavior. It is unknown if this is true for warm discomfort, due to differences in behavioral sensitivities during heat and cold exposure.


Laboratory experiments and observations in the field about the effects of high temperature on the mortality and weight loss of nestling Great Tits in relation to brood-size are described. It was found that temperatures above 30° C produce mortality by hyperthermia within a few hours in broods larger than 13 young of the age of 10 days (up till 18 young tested). Mortality by hyperthermia increases with brood-size to such an extent that from the largest broods tested fewer young survive than from smaller broods. Water loss by evaporation increases with brood-size and becomes apparent at much lower temperatures than mortality by hyperthermia. Observations in the field show that in May and June there are at least a few days in which the temperature in nestboxes at sunny places rises above 30° C. These are temperatures at which the young of broods of 13 or more are in danger of hyperthermia. About 3% of the broods in rich oakwoods in the Netherlands are of this size. The effects of hyperthermia are discussed in connection with their possible role in the evolution of clutch-size. It is suggested that the increasing risk of hyperthermia and the decreasing risk of hypothermia belong to the ultimate causes of the decrease in clutch-size found in many nidicolous bird species during the season and going from north to south in the northern hemisphere.


With the increase in the pace of technological progress in modern professional education, the organization of automated control of educational achievements becomes popular. The purpose of the work is to analyze computer testing software. The article presents software systems designed to develop test tasks and conduct control and assessment work using computer technology. The process of design tests taking into account the instrumental capabilities of electronic systems is disclosed, comparative characteristics of the main functions of the programs under consideration are presented. Software packages, including My TestX Pro, IREN, SunRav Test OfficePro and others provide a wide range of electronic tools for creating tests that meet modern educational needs. They allow you to organize both local and network tests of different levels of complexity. Tests include several types of questions, including music files, images, and videos.


Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is broadly utilized for monitoring epilepsy and plays a key role to revitalize close loop brain. The classical method introduced to find the seizures relies on EEG signals which is complex as well as costly, if channel count increases. This paper introduces the novel method named exponential-squirrel atom search optimization (Exp-SASO) algorithm in order to train the deep RNN for discovering epileptic seizure. Here, the input EEG signal is given to the pre-processing module for enhancing the quality of image by reducing the noise. Then, the pre-processed image is forwarded to the feature extraction module. The features, like statistical features, spectral features, logarithmic band power, wavelet coefficients, common spatial patterns, along with spectral decrease, pitch chroma, tonal power ratio, and spectral flux, are extracted. Once the features are extracted, the feature selection is carried out using fuzzy information gain model for choosing appropriate features for further processing.


Local cancer statistics data are essential for health care providers in order to recognize possible etiologic factors, and to plan for screening programs, preventing measures and treatment facilities. This prospective study followed two other studies in Kerman province, 1.2 to reg ister new cases of cancer from March 1996 till March 1999. These were diagnosed by histopathology and bone marrow aspiration methods in pathology laboratories in Kerman province (except Rafsanjan), and were encoded by WHO's ICD-O coding system. Enrollment and statis tical analysis were performed by EPI-6 program. A total of 2568 new cases of cancer (M: 1431, F: 1135, unknown sex: 2) were found in this period. Table I shows the ten most common cancers in this area during this time. It must be kept in mind that these numbers do not in this study versus 720 cases per year for the years 1991-95. Moreover, cancer cases from the city o f Rafsanjan were not included i n this study while the two previous reports covered that city too. However, it seems that this increase is more apparent than real for several reasons, such as increase in the number of pathology laboratories in the province, development of local diag nostic and therapeutic facilities, and increased aware ness of physicians of the importance of pathologic ex amination of every tissue removed from the human body. Examination of the present data reveal increased crude relative frequency (CRF) for cancers of the breast, blad der, brain, esophagus and prostate, and decreased CRF of cancers of the stomach and liver. In the pediatric age group «14 years old) cancers of blood, lymph node and


Abstract This paper reviews Huffco Indonesia's Badak Field gas/condensate gathering and separation along with condensate stabilization. Prior to 1983 condensate was stabilized using a simple three stage, heated separation system. A new system has been installed called a reflux complex stabilizer unit. Details of two systems are presented along with field test work that evaluates both systems as well as provide initial optimization information on the new unit. Also included is an outline of future test work on the new unit to determine ultimate optimization at unit limitation and evaluation of recommended feed instrumentation changes in order to shorten unsteady conditions during feed rate changes.


Abstract Generally, studies have always discussed gender roles existing in societies. The aim of this study was to explore the symbolism of gender and sexuality reflected by Mukwerera rainmaking ritual songs of the Shangwe community in the then Gokwe District in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe. The ethnography was based on six informants who acquired wisdom with age. These culture bearers are communally famed sources of information in their rainmaking practices. Through the use of unstructured interviews, this article intended to analyse role delineations mirrored by rainmaking songs. It also planned to examine how rainmaking spirits are perceived by the Shangwe. Rainmaking songs contain rich symbolism of gender and sexuality. The researcher established that gender roles evident in spiritual kingdom epitomise those prevailing in societies. Also, songs are utilised to put pressure on people in authority so that they behave as expected by cultures. Role demarcations predominantly happen in the spiritual realm.


Transit agencies are increasingly interested in methods to reduce project completion schedules and, potentially, reduce development costs. This paper presents the key project management issues areas encountered by transit agencies under design-build and design-build-operate-maintain (DBOM) procurements and examines how they are addressed through the procurement process and project implementation. Schedule management, cost control, payment mechanisms, quality assurance and quality control, monitoring and reporting, and change order processing are among the project management functions that are highlighted. The paper also examines owner and contractor organizational issues related to turnkey project management control and the realignment of some of these project management functions. This document combines an examination of turnkey projects underway with a selective review of comparable, conventionally-procured transit projects; particularly, in regard to the practical implementation of project management control requirements.


Recent studies suggest that black American diners tend to tip less than white American diners. Rather than address tipping directly, this study uses in-depth interviews of white restaurant workers to frame the issue of how restaurant workers view and respond to customers of color. The present research indicates that white American restaurant workers actively participate in derogatory stereotyping of black American customers, engaging in the use of racial code words and derogatory ethnic labels, while discriminating—both overtly and covertly—in their service interactions with black customers. Among other things, servers attempt to negotiate with other white employees to avoid having black parties seated in their sections and actively try to trade off such "undesirable" parties. Servers' logic regarding tipping is self-perpetuating in the sense that they avoid serving parties of black customers because they anticipate poor tips. These results suggest that evidence of racial tipping differences needs to be viewed cautiously in the service context in which they exist and that the industry should take special care to ensure that when servers serve black Americans, they should provide service that justifies a good tip.


This paper examined the impact of financing structure on the innovation efficiency of SMEs by constructing an econometric model using panel data of SMEs listed on the SME board from 2010 to 2020 as the research sample. The innovation efficiency of SMEs was measured by the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), the relationship between financing structure and innovation efficiency of SMEs was examined with the help of the Tobit model, and the corresponding heterogeneity analysis was conducted. Finally, the robustness of the model was tested. It was concluded that the effects of debt and equity financing on the quantitative efficiency of innovation were non-linear and mainly showed an inverted "U" shaped relationship. For innovation quality efficiency, bond financing could positively contribute, while equity financing negatively inhibits. Finally, the corresponding advice was given.


: Objective: This study was designed to evaluate dexmedetomidine (Dex) 5ug as adjuvant combined with 0.5% bupivacaine 10 mg in elective Lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) with respect to the effect on parturients and newborns. Methods: Eighty parturients (ASAⅠ-Ⅱ) undergoing elective LSCS were assigned to 2 groups (n=40) to receive either 0.5% bupivacaine 10 mg with saline (Group C) or 0.5% bupivacaine 10mg with Dex 5ug (Group D). Adverse effects, hemodynamic parameters, Ramsay scores, VAS scores and neonatal Apgar scores were recorded. Umbilical artery blood was collected for blood gas analysis and measuring the levels of umbilical artery blood catecholamine. Data obtained were compiled and analyzed with appropriate tests, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Compared with group C, the VAS score of group D was significant lower at T4 ( p < 0.05 ) ; The incidence rates of Chill, Nausea, vomit of group D were lower than that in group C ( p < 0.05 ) ; This study revealed that the levels of umbilical artery blood lactic acid(Lac) , Epinephrine (EPI) and Norepinephrine (NA) of group D were obvious lower than that in group C ( p < 0.05 ) ; MAP, HR, SPO2, Apgar score and Ramsay score did not show statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusions: The addition of 5ug Dex as an intrathecal adjuvant to bupivacaine for elective LSCS provides better analgesia without significant adverse effects, and also reduce the incidence of chill, nausea, vomit during operation.


Methods used to prevent the corrosion of feed line surfaces and minimise accumulation of corrosion product in the feed water are mentioned in this article, including acid washing prior to operation and the use of volatile and filming amines as inhibitors. The type of corrosion occurring on the steam side of the cupro‐nickel feed heater tubes and in the mild‐steel surge tanks of the closed‐circuit water steam cycle of C.E.G.B. boiler plant is described in some detail.


About 10% of all abdominal aortic aneurysms are characterized by an exuberant inflammatory reaction consisting of a dense white sheath over the aneurysm with peri-aortic fibrosis. The aetiology is unknown. There are characteristic ultrasonic and CT appearances but the condition is usually diagnosed at laparotomy. Surgery is the best treatment, keeping peri-aortic dissection to a minimum. Steroid therapy may occasionally be indicated where the situation is considered inoperable or when the patient declines surgery. If hydronephrosis is present because of ureteric involvement, surgical ureterolysis, as for retroperitoneal fibrosis, should be considered.


Arsenic contamination of soil is drastically nonferrous metals which havebecome analarming is a severe health concern, unlike organic compounds it is not de conventional remedial technologies are expensive and destroy the soil properties rendering it inferior Such issues draw attention worldwide to calls for environmentally friendly r phytoremediation being solar-driven effective and affordable solution to remove heavy metal contaminants from soil has gained popularity. The hyper-accumulator plants while also utilizing both other organic and inorganic contaminants making the soil reusable. studies associated with effects of Arsenic accumulation, th for uptake and factors affecting the process.


Danjiangkou Reservoir Region,located in the juncture of Hubei Province and Henan Province,is the water source of the middle-route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project in(China).Abundant aquatic vascular plant species,including 90 species belonging to 56 genera and 30 families, were found in the area.Among the 9 areal-types of its genera distinguished,cosmopolitan,pantropic and north temperate distribution patterns were the main floristic elements,which implied the subtropic characteristics of the wetland. the comparison of flora between Danjiangkou Reservoir Region and other 9 wetlands showed that the geographic position and climate history affect the flora similarities.


We present a sample of 16 robust z {approx} 7 z {sub 850}-drop galaxies detected by the newly installed Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)/IR on the Hubble Space Telescope. Our analysis is based on the first epoch data of the HUDF09 program covering the Hubble Ultra Deep Field with 60 orbits of Y {sub 105}, J {sub 125}, and H {sub 160} observations. These remarkable data cover 4.7 arcmin{sup 2} and are the deepest near infrared images ever taken, reaching to {approx}29 mag AB (5{sigma}). The 16 z {approx} 6.5-7.5 galaxies have been identified based on the Lyman Break technique utilizing (z {sub 850} - Y {sub 105}) versus (Y {sub 105} - J {sub 125}) colors. They have magnitudes J {sub 125}=26.0-29.0 (AB), an average apparent half-light radius of {approx}0.16 arcsec ({approx}<1 kpc), and show very blue colors (some even {beta} {approx}< -2.5), in particular at low luminosities. The WFC3/IR data confirm previous Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer detections indicating that the dropout selection at z {approx} 7 is very reliable. Our data allow a first determination of the faint-end slope of the z {approx} 7 luminosity function, reaching down to M {sub UV} {approx} -18, a fullmore » magnitude fainter than previous measurements. When fixing {phi}{sub *} = 1.4 x 10{sup -3} Mpc{sup -3} mag{sup -1} to the value previously measured at z {approx} 6, we find a best-fit value of {alpha} = -1.77 {+-} 0.20, with a characteristic luminosity of M {sub *} = -19.91 {+-} 0.09. This steep slope is similar to what is seen at z {approx} 2-6 and indicates that low-luminosity galaxies could potentially provide adequate flux to reionize the universe. The remarkable depth and resolution of these new images provide insights into the coming power of the James Webb Space Telescope.« less


Another effect of high altitude flights is the ballooning of the stomach and the intestines due to the expansion of the contained gases. This tends to occur especially in those who have lax abdominal walls and suffer from fermentive digestion. This ballooning leads to an unpleasant pressure on the abdominal walls and diaphragm, and if the distension reaches serious proportions, as it frequently does, it may cause discomfort of a dull aching or cramping nature, and further, may hinder the descent of the diaphragm, thus decreasing the normally available space of the thoracic cavity and resulting in respiratory and cardiac embarrassment. Further, in prolonged flight, if this trapped gas cannot be expressed by natural means, the pressure from within the intestinal loop may conceivably cause pressure on the intestinal mucosa within this segment, leading to localized ischremia and perhaps pronounced derangement of digestion. If this condition should persist for hours, an effect similar to that of intestinal obstruction may obtain, with loss of peristalsis and retention of intestinal content, possibly leading to the absorption of toxic products from the paralysed segment. Therefore, high-altitude personnel must be educated about the mechanisms of the production of gas and about those foods and mannerisms of eating which foster its development. This is partly a problem in dietetics. At an altitude of 55,000 feet dissolved gases and water vapour inside the body expand and cause the skin to swell; and at 63,000 feet, if this expansion of gases' and water vapour is disregarded, the blood is known to boil at normal body temperature. Although man has ascended to altitudes in excess of 70,000 feet, he has done so only in pressurized compartments. 'I'hedangers involved in pressurization system failure or in forced "bale-out" at high altitudes are obvious. At extremely high altitudes, even in a pressurized and air-conditioned environment, consideration must be given to other effects, such as the influence of ultra-violet solar radiation and cosmic rays.


Concave octahedral Mn3O4 microcrystals were synthesized. The magnetic properties of the obtained concave octahedral Mn3O4 microcrystals were investigated from 5 K to 300 K. The blocking temperature was 41.1 K. The Curie–Weiss temperature was 43.5 K, which was higher than that of bulk single-crystal Mn3O4 (42 K).


To investigate the adaptive mechanisms of evergreen species to seasonal drought,we studied seasonal changes of plant hydraulics,photosynthesis and leaf osmotic related traits in three dominant evergreen species(Celtis wightii,Cleistanthus sumatranus and Lasiococca comberi var.pseudoverticillata)of a limestone mountain area of Xishuangbanna,SW China.Compared to the wet season,the predawn leaf water potential in the dry season is significantly lower in all the three species,indicating a relatively strong soil drought stress.During the dry season,sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity(Ks)was significantly lower compared to that of the wet season in Cleistanthus sumatranus and Lasiococca comberi var.pseudoverticillata,but there was no significant change in Celtis wightii.There was no significant change in leaf area specific hydraulic conductivity(Kl)between the two seasons in all the three species,which may caused by the adjustment in hydraulic architecture through partial loss of leaves during the dry season.In the dry season,maximum carbon assimilate rate(Amax)was significantly lower than that of the wet season in all the three species.There were strong correlations between Amax and both of the two hydraulic traits(i.e.Ks and Kl),especially during the wet season,indicating a relatively strong independence of photosynthesis to water transport in stems.Leaf turgor loss point osmotic potential and saturation osmotic potential during the dry season were both significantly lower in all the three species,indicating a strong osmotic adjustment in adaptive to seasonal drought.Compared to the two co-occurring deciduous species,the ability to tolerate drought-induced cavitation in stem xylems were substantially higher in the three evergreen species.These results indicated that the adaptation of these three evergreen species to seasonal drought mainly involves an adjustment in hydraulic architecture and a strong osmotic regulation in leaves.


Fresh water is indispensable for human existence and life on the planet. Its importance for human beings and the environment is undeniable. Sustainable and reasonable utilization of freshwater resources is an imperative since they are natural resources suffering from overexploitation by human activities and the devastating effects of climate change. The Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development highlights their vulnerability, underlying the vitality of their conservation. Sustainable Development Goal no. 6 repeats the vulnerability of freshwater resources and calls states to address water scarcity and ensure access to water for all. Furthermore, the Dublin Statement stresses the economic value of fresh water in all of its competing uses and urges states to recognize it as an economic good. Such recognition must take into account the fact that fresh water must be accessible for everyone as well as equity criteria. In line with this, Agenda 21 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development approaches


To discuss the preventive and nursing measures of of lower limb deep venous thrombosis in hysteromyoma patients with after interventional therapy.Intensive and careful nursing measures included communication between nurses and patients,sufficient preoperative preparation,mental nursing,preventive measure,postoperative monitoring of vital signs,strict limb immobilization,introduce of early motion,and dynamic determination of lower limb circumference were taken,and the preventative effect was observed and analyzed.Intensive nursing and preventative measures taken exerted a good preventative effect on lower limb deep venous thrombosis in hysteromyoma patients with after interventional therapy.Intensive nursing and preventative measures are conductive to the prevention of lower limb deep venous thrombosis in hysteromyoma patients with after interventional therapy.


hough sizable pieces of mantle occasionally crop out on the EarthÕs surface as alpine massifs or ophiolites, and small pieces, xenoliths, are occasionally brought to the surface by volcanic eruptions, much of what we know about the mantle has been deduced indirectly. Indirect methods of study include determination of geophysical properties such as heat flow, density and seismic velocity. Another indirect method of study is examination of volcanic rocks produced by partial melting of the mantle. Finally, the composition of chondrites is an important constraint on the composition of the mantle. The mantle was once viewed as being homogeneous, but we now realize that the chemistry of the mantle is heterogeneous on all scales. On a large scale, the mantle appears to consist of a number of reservoirs that have complex histories. The best evidence for this large-scale heterogeneity comes from trace element and isotope ratio studies of volcanic rocks, but there is also evidence that the major element composition of the mantle varies. While trace elements may vary by an order of magnitude or more, the major element variations are much more subtle, just as they are in volcanic rocks and in the crust. Isotope studies have proven tremendously valuable in understanding the mantle for several reasons. First, unlike trace element and major element concentrations, isotope ratios do not change during the magma generation process (except by mixing of the magma with other components such as assimilated crust). Second, radiogenic isotope ratios provide time-integrated information about the parent/daughter ratios, and therefore allow inferences about the history of the mantle.


The paper studied the difference of volatile compounds in fresh jujube and drying products with different drying methods by combining solid phase micro-extraction with GC-MS method.The results showed that the volatile compounds in fresh Hebei Beach jujube mainly include acid,vinyl and alkane,and the percent of acid was 24.31%,the percent of vinyl was 14.2% and the percent of alkane was 11.73%.The jujube treated by hot-air drying method showed a steam cooked taste,producing ketone compounds but losing more alkanes.The jujube by microwave drying method produced much esters and ketones and lost much volatile compounds which belong to fresh jujube.And the jujube by freeze drying method created ethyl caproate and ethyl enanthate which other drying methods did not have.And much acid,ester and ketone,comparing with the other products,were found in the jujube by vacuum drying method.The jujube by the explosion puffing with difference temperature and pressure method has created much acid,ester,ketone and aldehyde which can mostly stand for characteristic volatile compounds of jujube,and created many new volatile compounds,for example enanthylic acid,hexaldehyde and 2-furyl methyl ketone.


The crushing and physical separation technologies as the pre-treatment of hydrometallurgical process were carried out for recovering valuable metals such as Ni, Co and rare earth from nickel-hydrogen battery. Two types of nickelhydrogen batteries which use a paste type electrode and sintered type electrode were roasted in the temperature range of 273–873 K and crushed by a single-axis cutter mill, a hammer crusher and a two-axis shear force crusher. Then the crushed products were classified with screens to give size distributions of the valuable metals. Magnetic separation was carried out for the crushed products of nickel-hydrogen battery using a paste type electrode. The optimum crushing conditions are different from the type of electrode. For the sintered type electrode, the crusher having an impact force is effective. For the paste type nickel foaming electrode, the crusher having a cutting and shear force is suitable. Classification after roasting in the proper conditions such as temperature and atmosphere followed by a magnetic separation is possible to separate Fe and NiO. The nickel content more than 80 wt% is possible.


Over the past two decades faith-based schools have expanded in number, grown in diversity, and become an important part of education systems worldwide. As a result, a rich research agenda in the field has emerged. One aspect of this agenda relates to school leadership. What is particularly neglected is research on the impact of leadership theory on school leaders in faith-based schools. While large scale surveys are to be welcomed in this regard, these should be complemented by a large number of case studies. This paper, which arose from a study on a Catholic school in Western Australia, illustrates one direction which such case study work could take. It portrays how leadership theory has found its way into the cognitive frameworks used by leaders in the school to guide their work and the nature of the particular leadership theory they have assimilated within these frameworks. In particular, it indicates how one model of school leadership, namely, that of 'servant leadership', has been embraced as an overarching guide within the cognitive frameworks used by the school's leaders to guide their work and that it is an approach that is seen as being appropriate for a Catholic school.


This chapter addresses the methodological and procedural aspects of capital litigation. Through a historical and chronological review of legal precedent and procedural changes to capital litigation, it addresses the legacy of change and highlights the era when, due to the Supreme Court decisions in Furman v. Georgia (1972) and Gregg v. Georgia (1976), a moratorium on the death penalty was issued and the constitutionality of capital punishment was under direct judicial scrutiny nationwide. Additional attention is paid to post-Gregg decisions that have transformed capital procedure, limited or expanded its scope, or changed the legal, social, or clinical criteria upon which capital decisions can be based. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the human rights issues brought up by capital punishment in the United States, as well as implications for social workers and other helping professions working within the capital context.


The recently developed log-linear model technique for the analysis of contingency tables has many potential applications within educational research. This paper describes the two major models, log-linear and logit-linear, that are employed under this approach. The basic logic of each is developed and illustrative data analyses presented. In addition, the underlying communality of the two schemes is shown. The intent was to provide the reader with perspective that will facilitate understanding the approach and its application to the analysis of qualitative data.


The steady-state levels of plasma cholesterol carried in high and low density lipoproteins and in chylomicrons were varied over a wide range by use of a constant-infusion technique. After 40 hr, the rates of hepatic cholesterol synthesis and levels of he patic cholesterol esters were measured and were related to the plasma level of each of the lipoprotein fractions. From the rates of infusion and the steady-state plasma levels attained, the whole animal clearance rates for cholesterol car- ried in low density and high density lipoproteins and in chy- lomicrons were calculated to be 0.53,0.61, and 42.6 mljhr, re- spectively. Hepatic cholesterol ester content increased by 0.8 Ag/g for each 1.0 mg/dl increase in the steady-state level of plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol and by 1.4 ,ug/g for a similar elevation in plasma high density lipoprotein choles- terol. In contrast, the increase in ester content was 300-fold greater when chylomicrons were infused (330 Mg/g). The rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis was inhibited by a factor of 0.004 and 0.007, respectively, per 1.0 mg/dl increase in the steady-state level of plasma cholesterol carried in either low density or high density lipoprotein but the inhibition was by a factor of 0.255,50-fold greater, when chylomicrons were infused. Thus, in the steady state, cholesterol carried in either low density or high density lipoproteins is apparently taken up by the liver and regulates the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis; however, cholesterol carried in chylomicrons is at least 50-fold more ef- fective in this regard. This marked difference can be attributed to the much higher rates of transport of chylomicron cholesterol into the hepatocyte than of cholesterol carried in either low density or high density plasma lipoproteins.


The controlled main influence factors and crystal shape of urea nitrate,hygroscopy,acidity in water, XRD,MRI,IR in urea nitrate production are studied.The result indicates that the main effect factors are ratio of urea and nitric acid,concentration of nitric acid ,reaction temperature and time.and the optimization are 1:1,5.5 mol/L,20 ℃,20 min;The crystal shape of urea nitrate examined under microscope is prismy;the hygroscopy is low;and the acidity at same concentration is weaker than nitrate acid,but stronger than citric acid;the XRD is different from likely productions;MRI and IR proves that the production is urea nitrate farther.


Potatoes can be pla nted and harvested year round in different places in Sichuan Province due to the stereoscopic climate within the province.The annual potato planting area was over 600 000 ha after 2006 and reached 733 000 ha in 2009.The annual need for seed potatoes is about 1.5 million tons with 70% from farmers' self-kept seeds and 30% from the purchased seeds.The problems,such as insufficient good seeds,no 3 G seed system,incomplete quality control system,and low quality seed potatoes,are still affecting the potato yield which has been fluctuating from 16.5 to 17.9 ton.ha-1 for a long time though the authorities have taken many actions on the improvement of seed sector in the province.To establish the provincial virus-free in-vitro plantlet supply centers,to establish 3 G seed system,to increase the seed production capacity at all classes,to build better seed storage,to improve the farmer self-kept seed potatoes,and to regulate the system for seed production and supply will improve the seed quality and promote the potato industry development in the province.


We report on III-Nitride blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) comprising a GaN-based tunnel junction (TJ) all realized by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy in a single growth process. The TJ grown atop the LED structures consists of a Mg-doped GaN layer and subsequently grown highly Ge-doped GaN. Long thermal annealing of 60 min at 800 °C is important to reduce the series resistance of the LEDs due to blockage of acceptor-passivating hydrogen diffusion through the n-type doped top layer. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements reveal Mg-incorporation into the topmost GaN:Ge layer, implying a non-abrupt p-n tunnel junction and increased depletion width. Still, significantly improved lateral current spreading as compared to conventional semi-transparent Ni/Au p-contact metallization and consequently a more homogeneous electroluminescence distribution across 1 × 1 mm2 LED structures is achieved. Direct estimation of the depletion width is obtained from electron holography experiments, which allows for a dis...


The difference between the Mu'tazilah and the Ash'ari in the question of God Almighty could not be better than the following text, which was mentioned in two places by al-Ghazali: the first in his book Reviving the Sciences of Religion, and the second in the book Economy in Belief (3) in which he speaks describing the gap between the Ash'ari and the Mu'tazila, and he stated in it : [Let us imagine a baby boy and an adult man, both of whom died on instinct, standing in the sky (that is, in the presence of the Exalted, Glory be to Him), but the adult was given a higher status than the infant, then the infant asked his Lord: Why did you give that adult a higher status than me? Then God Almighty answers: Because he did good deeds. Then the child asks.


ONC201 is an oral, small molecule selective antagonist of the G protein-coupled receptor DRD2 that causes p53-independent apoptosis in tumor cells via integrated stress response activation and Akt/ERK inactivation. We performed a Phase II study that enrolled 17 patients with recurrent, bevacizumab-naïve, IDH1/2 WT glioblastoma who received 625mg ONC201 every three weeks. Median OS was 41.6 weeks with OS6 of 71% and OS9 of 53%. Seven of 17 patients are alive. PFS6 was 11.8% with two patients remaining on study who continue to receive ONC201 for >12 months. One of these patients had a durable objective response with a secondary glioblastoma possessing a H3.3 K27M mutation, exhibiting regression by 85% in one lesion and 76% in the second lesion. The second patient who continues to receive ONC201 for >12 months remains disease-free after enrolling on this trial following a re-resection. No drug-related SAEs or treatment discontinuation due to toxicity occurred. Plasma PK at 2 hours post-dose was 2.6 ug/mL, serum prolactin induction was observed as a surrogate marker of target engagement, and DRD2 was expressed in all evaluated archival tumor specimens. In summary, ONC201 is well tolerated and may have single agent activity in recurrent glioblastoma patients.


The characteristics of tunnel junctions formed between n- and p-doped graphene are investigated theoretically. The single-particle tunnel current that flows between the twodimensional electronic states of the graphene (2D-2D tunneling) is evaluated. At a voltage bias such that the Dirac points of the two electrodes are aligned, a large resonant current peak is produced. The magnitude and width of this peak are computed, and its use for devices is discussed. The influences of both rotational alignment of the graphene electrodes and structural perfection of the graphene are also discussed.


Leadership is the ability to influence an individual or a group towards the accomplishment of goals in a given situation. Leaders are visionaries with a poorly developed sense of fear and no concept of the odds against them. In this competitive era when people are busy to fulfill their self interest only, the existence of visionary leader is reducing dramatically. Incredible India has produced many great leaders, since its ancient times. The study on their lives will always be inspiring to present generation for dedicating themselves towards the betterment of nation in all respect. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was the great freedom fighter whose action motivated Indian youths to be active and awaken and which ultimately forced British government to rethink for India's independence. His life is a great example of leadership from which modern Indian leaders can learn many lessons. He was enthusiastic, disciplined, selfless and inspiring leader with strong confidence on his own capability and a clear goal of independent India. He exhibited development of a dedicated team, strong command, extreme coolness of mind, correct judgment and also demonstrated his clear vision, strong responsibility, and high risk taking capability.


Predicting the abundance of marine fishes based on habitat models is often difficult due to the presence of large numbers of zero observations. The objective of this study was to analyze the ability of a 2-stage model to predict the presence and abundance of a rockfish species, shortspine thornyhead Sebastolobus alascanus. The data used for these analyses were collected during bottom- trawl surveys of the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem from 1993 to 2007 and in the Aleutian Islands ecosys- tem from 1994 to 2006. The presence of shortspine thornyhead was predicted from the 5th and 95th percentiles of the cumulative distribution function resampled over depth and temperature. The results predicted shortspine thornyhead would not occur at depths 671 m, and presence or absence was correctly predicted at 86.3% of the trawl survey stations. Environmental variables were then used to model shortspine thornyhead abundance at stations where presence was pre- dicted. The best-fitting model of abundance included the variables depth, local slope, thermocline temperature, shrimp catch per unit effort (CPUE), and an index of predation refuge. The model explained 72.4% of the variation in 1993-2005 Gulf of Alaska survey data and 73.7% of the variation in the 2007 data from the Gulf of Alaska. The model explained only 23.9% of the variation in short- spine thornyhead CPUE from the Aleutian Islands bottom-trawl surveys from 1994 to 2006. The habi- tat model included important variables for survival and growth in order to provide more biologically meaningful results than with other modeling methods.


later years of the nineteenth century, Budin was one of the chief. His work in Paris, and the debt France owes to him, can scarcely be overestimated, and just now as his book " Le Xourrisson " appears in an English dress, not France only, but the whole medical world, laments his death. Hero in Edinburgh we have so long been familiar with " Budin's method" of feeding infants (it was strongly advocated and to some extent popularised by the late J)r. Milne Murray) that it is a matter of wonder to us that his book has not before now been trans-


STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF THOMPSON'S GROUP AND RANDOM PSEUDO MANIFOLDS Benjamin M. Woodruff Department of Mathematics Doctor of Philosophy The first part of our work is a statistical and geometric study of properties of Thompson's Group F. We enumerate the number of elements of F which are represented by a reduced pair of n-caret trees, and give asymptotic estimates. We also discuss the effects on word length and number of carets of right multiplication by a standard generator x0 or x1. We enumerate the average number of carets along the left edge of an n-caret tree, and use an Euler transformation to make some conjectures relating to right multiplication by a generator. We describe a computer algorithm which produces Fordham's Table, and discuss using the computer algorithm to find a corresponding Fordham's Table for different generating sets for F. We expound upon the work of Cleary and Taback by completely classifying dead end elements of Thompson's group, and use the classification to discuss the spread of dead end elements and describe interesting elements we call deep roots. We discuss how deep roots may aid in answering the amenability problem for Thompson's group. The second part of our work deals with random facet pairings of simplexes. We show that a random endpoint pairings of segments most often results in a disconnected one-manifold, and relate this to a game called "The Human Knot." When the dimension of the simplexes is greater than 1, however, a random facet pairing most often results in a connected pseudo manifold. This result can be stated in terms of graph theory as follows. Most regular multi graphs are connected, as long as the common valence is at least three.


WHILE a vast body of research has been dedicated to understanding problems and disorders of mental health, until the recent emergence of a new field of science, little was known about the positive aspects of life – the things that make life worth living. Positive psychology endeavours to understand how individuals and societies thrive and flourish, and how this new knowledge can be applied to foster happiness, health and fulfilment. Here, David Bartram and Ilona Boniwell discuss strategies for enhancing individual wellbeing, which it is hoped will temper some of the challenges and pressures facing veterinary professionals in their daily lives.


The early clinical results of using acupuncture in painful face syndromes are reported. A nosological classification is given and techniques used and therapeutic indications presented in brief.


Some general dynamical properties of models for compaction of granular media based on master equations are analyzed. In particular, a one-dimensional lattice model with short-ranged dynamical constraints is considered. The stationary state is consistent with Edward's theory of powders. The system is submitted to processes in which the tapping strength is monotonically increased and decreased. In such processes the behavior of the model resembles the reversible-irreversible branches which have been recently observed in experiments. This behavior is understood in terms of the general dynamical properties of the model, and related to the hysteresis cycles exhibited by structural glasses in thermal cycles. The existence of a "normal" solution, i. e., a special solution of the master equation which is monotonically approached by all the other solutions, plays a fundamental role in the understanding of the hysteresis effects. PACS numbers: 81.05.Rm, 05.50.+q, 81.20.Ev


In this paper we consider optimization problems related to calculating and H2 performance of linear systems with structured uncertainty. A way to transform these problems that reduces computational power required to find their solutions is presented. The resulting approach allows finding performance lower bounds using an optimization method proposed earlier by the author. Its properties include being reasonably easy to use, and its search space coverage being adjustable via the algorithm's settings.


Professor Gundlapalli Venkata Subba Rao, popularly known as GVS, an excellent solid state chemist-turned materials scientist, was born 12 December 1940 at Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh. He received his Bachelor's and Master's degrees from S.V. University, Tirupati and his Ph D degree in solid state chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur as one of the earliest students of C. N. R. Rao. GVS then spent nearly three years (1971–74) at the IBM J. Watson Research Centre in New York, USA and later at the Argonne National Laboratory, USA followed by a Humboldt Foundation Fellowship Anorg. Chem. Institut der University Munster and then at University of Bohum, Bohum, West Germany. Subsequently he was invited to take charge of the Materials Research Centre (MSRC) at IIT-Madras, which he developed into an excellent research centre dedicated to materials science. GVS was a pioneer in redefining the field of solid state chemistry. He demanded hard work, creativity and critical thinking from all his students during his tenure at MSRC.


A number of observers maintain that they have found a specific micro-organism in acute articular rheumatism. That acute articular rheumatism is a specific disease produced by a specific organism is claimed by Triboulet and Apert, Westphal, Wassermann and Malkoff, Fritz Meyer, Poynton and Paine, Beaton and Walker, Beattie, Lewis and Longcope, and others. This claim is based upon the fact that in a number of cases of this disease a micrococcus has been isolated which produces in rabbits and monkeys polyarthritis, endocarditis, and other manifestations of acute articular rheumatism. The observers admit that this organism, M. rheumaticus, cannot be differentiated morphologically or culturally from Strept. pyogenes. It is only by the production of the disease in animals that it shows its specificity. For example, Beattie1 finds that inoculation into rabbits of M. rheumaticus produces a non-purulent arthritis in 60 per cent and endocarditis in 33 per cent while Strept. pyogenes causes a purulent arthritis in 18 per cent and endocarditis in only 2 per cent of the animals.


PURPOSE: A display device and generating method of a matched image are provided to replace a constant area among broadcasting image into other image. CONSTITUTION: A receiving unit(110) receives a broadcasting signal. The broadcasting signal includes stereoscopic information about at least one specific area of the broadcasting video. A signal processing unit(120) matches at least one additional video to at least one specific area. The signal processing unit generates a broadcasting image matched to at least one additional image. A display unit(130) displays the broadcasting image which at least one additional image is matched.


The authors present a new technique to calculate ensemble averages of exponentials of quadratic boson operators, possibly multiplied by exponentials of linear boson operators. The method is based on the use of coherent states in the evaluation of matrix elements. Although this is a very simple basic idea, the technique enables the exact evaluation of several complicated averages from the theory of exciton transport. These averages, which could previously be given only approximately, are treated as examples to discuss the features of the method.


This article discusses the results of a research study conducted at the community council of a black community in Campo Hermoso in the rural area of Buenaventura in the first half of 2014. The primary purpose of research was to describe the influence of the community council on the perception of governability among the members of this community. The methodology was based on a qualitative approach, an ethnographic design, a semi-structured survey, and interviews with four key informants who were part of a non-probabilistic sample intentionally selected by the researcher. The main conclusions made it possible to establish that the performance of an organization gives rise to practices and attitudes of either acceptance or rejection to public matters on the part of community members.


Background and Objectives: Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis have an attenuated immune response to vaccination. The aim of our study was to determine the predictive factors for humoral response to vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Design, Setting, Participants, and Measurements: In this retrospective, single-center study, we included patients on maintenance hemodialysis already vaccinated with two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) and with a post-vaccination serological follow-up. Results: 252 patients were included for study with a mean age of 71.9 (±14.4) years. Twelve patients (4.7%) were under immunosuppressive therapy (calcineurin inhibitors: n = 4; chemotherapy for myeloma: n = 3; last infusion of rituximab over the previous 4 years: n = 2; abatacept: n = 2; adalimumab n = 1). Three of these patients were under immunosuppressive therapy for nonrenal solid organ transplantation. Multivariate analysis identified immunosuppressive therapy (OR 4.73 [1.38–16.17], p = 0.013) and lower baseline albumin levels (OR 1.23 [1.09–1.38], p < 0.001) as independent predictive factors of nonresponse to vaccination. Older age (β = −0.59 ± 0.21, p = 0.006) and immunosuppressive therapy (β = 40.33 ± 13.33, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with lower humoral response to vaccination. Conclusions: Approximately 90% of patients under maintenance hemodialysis developed specific antibodies to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Immunosuppressive therapy, malnutrition, and older age were associated with a higher risk of nonseroconversion or lower humoral response to mRNA-based vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. We strongly recommend serological monitoring after vaccination to determine booster timing, especially for patients with malnutrition or on immunosuppressive therapy.


ObjectiveIn a significant proportion of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), microvascular and myocardial reperfusion cannot be regained despite successfully restored thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade 3 epicardial blood flow. Myocardial blush grade (MBG) is a reliable marker for microvascular patency and predicts short-term and long-term mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute STEMI, independent of other variables. Mean platelet volume (MPV), a unique measure of platelet size, is an indicator of platelet reactivity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation of admission MPV with postinterventional MBG in patients with STEMI and TIMI grade 3 flow at infarct artery after primary PCI. Materials and methodsThree hundred and ten patients were selected as a study group among patients with STEMI and TIMI grade 3 epicardial blood flow after primary PCI. Blood samples for analysis were obtained during the initial evaluation of patients at the emergency department. MBGs of patients were classified at the end of angioplasty. Patients with MBG 0 and 1 were defined as having poor myocardial blush and patients with MBG 2 and 3 were defined as having normal myocardial blush. ResultsPatients with poor myocardial blush had higher admission MPV (10.5±1.3 to 9.1±1 fl, P<0.001), higher peak creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzyme levels (260±53 to 190±38 U/l, P<0.001), higher white blood cell count (11.3±4 to 10.3±3×103/&mgr;l, P=0.012), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (42±7 to 51±8%, P<0.001) compared with patients with normal myocardial blush. Linear regression analysis showed that admission MPV was significantly associated with postinterventional MBG (coefficient=0.598, P<0.001). Cardiovascular mortality (13–5%, P=0.013) and acute–subacute stent thrombosis at 3 months (12–8%, P=0.028) were significantly higher in patients with poor postinterventional myocardial blush compared with those with normal myocardial blush. ConclusionThe MPV measured at admission is significantly associated with poor postinterventional MBG in patients with STEMI and TIMI grade 3 flow at infarct artery after primary PCI.


The cellular MOSFET device has at least one Schottky diode region SA is accommodated in the deep end region 15 in the horizontal boundaries of the cellular area CA and CA cellular area including the active MOSFET cells. Deep-end region 150 is divided horizontally to accommodate the diode region SA. A first diode portion (14d) of the conductivity type of the drain region 14 are extended upward through a horizontal partition the deep end region 150 of the second conductivity type. Schottky barrier 100 formed with a diode part (14d) forms a horizontal direction terminates at a horizontal split portion (150f) of the deep-end region 150 that functions as a protection zone and the field relief region of the Schottky diode, .


A stable composite photocatalyst, that is, MAPbI3 decorated with Ni3C, is synthesized by a facile surface charge-promoted self-assembly approach and is demonstrated to be a high-efficiency, stable visible-light photocatalyst for H2 evolution in aqueous MAPbI3-saturated HI solution with H3PO2 as a stabilizer. The optimal 15% Ni3C/MAPbI3 suspension under visible illumination displays the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate of 2362 μmol g–1 h–1, which is approximately 55-fold higher than that of MAPbI3 (43 μmol g–1 h–1) and far superior to that of Pt/MAPbI3 (534 μmol g–1 h–1). In particular, the Ni3C/MAPbI3 photocatalyst is ultrastable, showing no obvious decrease of HER activity in a given HER process, that is, 10 runs, one-month storage, and another 10 runs. The origin of the superior performance is proven to be predominantly attributed to the improved capabilities of charge carrier transfer and separation as well as the massive reactive centers on the surface of MAPbI3 by Ni3C decoration, together with...


The rapid development of mathematics and publishing make new demands for editing and proof-reading staff of mathematics journals.Under the new situation,editing and proof-reading staff should possess good professional quality and facilitate accurate positioning to promote the development of publishing of mathematics journals.


Small tilapias were selected for the processing of a new hot air-drying soft packaged tilapia can,and the conditions of curing,dehydration by hot-air,rehydration,flavoring formula screening and sterilization were emphatically investigated.The results showed that the optimal wet salting conditions were saline concentration of 7% and curing time of 9 minutes,under which tilapia fish cake was achieved with best quality,highest yield and 2.104% of the salt content.For dehydration of tilapias by hot-air drying,the optimal temperature and time were 70℃ and 6 h,respectively,under which the moisture and salt content of tilapia fish cake were 45.3% and 3.752%,respectively.Rehydration could evidently improve the quality of the product with the optimal time of 30s.The orthogonal test showed that the best condiment formula were as follows:30mL of soy sauce,9mL of vegetable oil,5mL of pepper oil,4mL of yellow wine,1.5g of pepper powder,1.5g of ginger powder and 1g of salt.Besides,the optimum ratio of the condiment to tilapia fish cake were1:10(g/g).For the sterilization of the Tilapia can by high pressure,the best temperate and time were 121℃ and 15-20 min,respectively,under which no microbes including coliform bacteria and pathogenic bacteria such as vibfio parahaemolyticus,salmonella and clostridium botulinum were detected during the storage for 90 days at room temperature.


A perturbation method is developed to calculate intensity distributions (diffraction patterns) of light diffracted from an optical fiber. The slight ellipticity of the fiber core is taken into consideration. The refractive index and the sizes of the fiber are recovered from a least-squares fit that matches the measured diffraction patterns with the calculated ones.


Mining patterns that occur in a certain time frame is a well defined data mining problem. Many researchers have proposed different methods for the same. Taking time factor into consideration, different patterns can be extracted. These patterns cannot be extracted normally. These patterns are known as temporal patterns. Here we propose an efficient method of mining locally frequent patterns from temporal datasets. The real time databases are used to prove the efficacy of the method. The comparative studies prove that our method gives more results than the other well known method.


Aim: Vaccines are one of the most tremendous medical success in human history and have saved millions of people until this day. There are more than 23 thousand families who had rejected vaccines in our country in 2017. Outbreaks caused numerous social, geographic, economic, and cultural devastations in the past. This study aims to reveal the change in the ratio of people who refused vaccines after the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted via phone interviews with families who rejected vaccines by calling the people who refused to use vaccines after they agreed to join the study. The talks have been made after June 2020, which is also the starting of "normalization process" in our country. It is researched whether the patients' relatives' decisions have been changed during COVID-19.. Results: 82 families who refuse to vaccine their children accepted to join the study. Refusing rate for Hepatitis A (6.5%) vaccine was higher among other vaccines, and refusing rate for Hepatitis B (2.1%) vaccine was lower among all vaccines. Of the reasons for refusing vaccines, "Not trusting the substance" (43%) was higher than other causes. When it is asked parents, who refused to vaccines for their children "Do you use for yourself if a vaccine for a COVID-19 invented?" 37.7% of the participant gave an affirmative answer. Conclusion: At the end of our study, we concluded that the parents' thoughts about vaccines for their children have not changed after the pandemic of COVID-19. Taking direct, indirect, and protective effects of vaccines into consideration on individuals, the importance of studies about decreasing the refusal of vaccines becomes significant.