This paper presents the original method of the diagnose of the organization development together with the empirical research results. Proposed method of diagnose is an example of using a quantitative approach to measure the developmental phenomena. It was developed with using the Map of Organization Development model, that assumed existing harmonious states of organization development, interpreted as the alignment of growth processes in two domains: information technology and management. The results of empirical analysis of the surveyed organizations consist of the diagnose, recommended changes and prognosis of the predicted state of the organization development, presented both in quantitative and descriptive form.


Kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is a popular nonlinear feature extraction method in the field of machine learning. It uses eigen-decomposition technique to extract the principal components. But the method is infeasible for large-scale data set because of the store and computational problem. To overcome these disadvantages, a new covariance-free method of computing kernel principal components is proposed. First, a matrix, called Gram-power matrix, is constructed using the original Gram matrix. It is proven by the theorem of linear algebra that the eigenvectors of newly constructed matrix are the same as the ones of the Gram matrix. Therefore, we can treat each column of the Gram matrix as the input sample for the covariance-free algorithm. Thus, the kernel principle components can be iteratively computed without the eigen-decomposition. The space complexity of proposed method is only , the time complexity is reduced to . The effectiveness of proposed method is validated from experimental results. More important, it still can be used even if traditional eigen-decomposition technique cannot be applied when faced with the extremely large-scale data set.


Development of naïve peripheral B cells into terminally differentiated plasma cells is a highly controlled process guided by epigenetic mechanisms. Here we identified a central role for the histone H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L in controlling B cell development. Upon deletion of Dot1L early in the B-cell lineage, naïve and activated B cells prematurely acquired plasma cell features and failed to establish germinal centers (GC) and normal humoral immune responses in vivo. Transcriptome analyses revealed that DOT1L promotes expression of oncogenic, pro-proliferative and pro-GC transcription factors. Simultaneously, DOT1L indirectly promotes repression of anti-proliferative targets of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 2. Our findings show that DOT1L fine tunes the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape in B cells. In doing so it establishes a critical epigenetic barrier warranting B cell naivety and prohibiting their premature differentiation towards plasma cells.


Single-cell multiomic technologies enable holistic reconstruction of cell states and hold the potential to identify drivers of tumor evolution and drug resistance. However, the data sparsity of single-cell assays can preclude accurate estimation of transcription factor activity. In addition, gene expression alone cannot capture transcription factor activity, especially in the context of drug treatment which alters transcription factor function without suppressing gene expression. To circumvent these challenges, we have developed epiregulon, a R package that constructs gene regulatory networks and infers transcription factor (TF) activity in single cells by integrating single cell gene expression, chromatin accessibility and bulk TF occupancy data. Epiregulon applies tests of independence to identify likely transcription factor - regulatory element - target gene relationships occurring at joint probabilities exceeding the expected probabilities of independent events. With epiregulon, we are able to detect lineage factor activity at enhanced sensitivity and predict perturbations more accurately than gene expression could. We further applied this tool to understand transcription factor activity to enzalutamide treatment and identify potential drivers of enzalutamide resistance. Finally, we generated a ground truth dataset using reprogram-seq, a technology that captures multi-omic profiles of single cells upon expression of defined transcription factors. Epiregulon correctly predicts NKX2-1 targets and demonstrates that NKX2-1 expression reprograms the epigenome towards a neuroendocrine state in LNCaP cells. Epiregulon is a useful tool that constructs gene regulatory networks to model the underlying gene regulation hierarchies that drive gene expression and cell states.
 Citation Format: Tomasz Wlodarczyk, Jenille Tan, Kerstin Seidel, Diana Wu, Shang-Yang Chen, Aleksander Chlebowski, Timothy Keyes, Yu Guo, Aaron Lun, Christopher Siebel, Shiqi Xie, Xiaosai Yao. Epiregulon infers single-cell transcription factor activity to dissect mechanisms of lineage plasticity and drug response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3141.


The transmission-line-matrix method of numerical analysis is developed to account for losses in the walls of a waveguide. Results are given in terms of the wave impedance of a waveguide with losses and also in terms of the power decay due to losses in the walls of a resonant rectangular cavity.


Essential oils are complex volatile compounds, naturally synthesized by various parts of the plant during the secondary metabolism of plants. A wide range plants having the medicinal properties have been explored and used for the extraction of essential oils worldwide due to their antimicrobial properties against the bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. The presence of a large number of alkaloids, phenols, terpenes derivatives compounds and other antimicrobial compounds makes the essential oils more precised in their mode action against the ample variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, the essential oils could be used as better supplements or alternatives against the pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this review article is to focus on the antimicrobial activities of essential oils secreted by medicinal plants and the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of these pathogenic microorganisms.


The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of sensory disturbance on postural orthostatic balance of young women, based on the oscillation of the pressure center. Participated in this study five women, with mean age 27,4 ± 5,4 years, body weight 598.7 ± 146.7 N, and height 1.7 ± 0,13 m. Data collection was performed on a force platform under four conditions, with eyes open and eyes closed, with and without the foam backer. Three repetitions of 60 seconds for each condition. The variables analyzed were: RMS velocity average, and RMS displacement of the center of pressure. The results obtained showed that the foam support with increased body sway in both situations visuals, and yet, deprivation of vision also increased body sway in different situations of support.


A lack of knowledge exists about individuals' vaccination decisions and their relation to their tourism behaviors. In this regard, this study examines the willingness of international travelers to take a COVID-19 vaccine prior to traveling. A quantitative research design with a survey method and the ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The media encouragement positively affected the travelers' attitude toward the behavior and their injunctive social norm, whereas the travelers' attitude toward the behavior and injunctive social norm positively affected their COVID-19 vaccination intention. The regression results also proved the mediating effect of both attitudes toward the behavior and injunctive social norm in the relationship between media encouragement and COVID-19 vaccination intention. This research successfully provided evidence regarding the role of media encouragement in travelers' willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccination.


A dominant theme in the literature on automobile ownership has been the estimation of aggregate motor vehicle demand. Recognition of the structural and estimation deficiencies of the aggregate models (predominantly stock adjustment models) as well as the need for policy sensitive vehicle type choice predictions, particularly as a consequence of rapid and regular fuel price increases (in money terms), has led to the development of individual discrete choice models of household vehicle ownership. This paper outlines the first empirical study to model the joint decision of auto acquisition choice and auto type choice. It faces up to the decision process that results in a vehicle being in the household. A major emphasis is the demonstration of the usefulness of individual choice models in the sensitive arena of energy policy and vehicle design (a). This report is also working paper no 1 for the dimensions of automobile demand project.


Precambrian iron ores of the Singhbhum‐North Orissa region occur in eastern India as part of the Iron Ore Group (IOG) within the broad horse‐shoe shaped synclinorium. More than 50% of Indian iron ore reserves occur in this region. Massive‐hard, flaky‐friable, blue dust and lateritic varieties of iron ores are the major ore types, associated with banded hematite, jasper and shales. These ores could have formed as a result of supergene enrichment through gradual but extensive removal of silica, alumina and phosphorus from banded iron formations and ferruginous shale. Attempts for optimal utilization of these resources led to various ore characterization studies using chemical analysis, ore and mineral petrography, XRD analysis, SEM and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). The ore chemistry indicates that the massive hard ores and blue dust have high iron, low alumina and phosphorus contents. Because of high quality, these ores do not require any specialized beneficiation technique for up‐gradation. However, flaky‐friable, lateritised and goethitic ores are low in iron, high in alumina and phosphorus contents, requiring specific beneficiation techniques for up‐gradation in quality. XRD, SEM and ore microscopic studies of massive hard ores indicate the presence of hematite and goethite, while flaky and lateritic ores show a higher concentration of goethite, kaolinite, gibbsite and hematite. EPMA studies show the presence of adsorbed phosphorous as fine dust in the hard ores. Sink and float studies reveal that most of the gangue minerals are not completely liberated in the case of goethitic and lateritic ores, even at finer fractions.


Pyogenic granuloma is a relatively common benign lesion of the skin and/or mucosal surfaces, accounting for 0.5% of all skin nodules in children in the United States alone (Lin et al, 2004). The aetiology is still poorly understood but trauma, hormonal influence, viral oncogenes, microscopic arteriovenous malformations and growth factors (e.g. tumour angiogenesis factor – Patrice et al, 1991) have all been implicated in the pathogenic process (Yuan et al, 2004). What is clear is that the term "pyogenic granuloma" is misleading because it implies a granulomatous inflammation or an infected lesion, neither of which are the case. The "granuloma's" are thought to result from chronic irritation or trauma, which stimulates excessive capillary proliferation (Requena et al, 1997) and the histological term lobular capillary hemangioma better describes their true nature. Lesions classically present as red nodules, but may appear exophytic with surface crusting or ulceration. Dermal lesions are most commonly found in younger age groups (mean age of presentation 6.7years Pagliai et al, 2004). Most pyogenic granuloma's are solitary lesions, skin lesions being bright red, shiny papules between a few millimetres in size (average 6.5mm) up to several centimetres. Oral pyogenic granuloma's classically present during pregnancy as "epulides" arising between the teeth in the inter-dental papilla region (Fig 1). Other forms include: Multiple or Disseminated Pyogenic Granulomata? A Complex Presentation in a Nine-Year-Old Boy


Query evaluation is a key component of every database management system. Complex queries often require joins involving more than two relations. Standard query evaluation plans split such queries into successive pairwise joins. This approach, however, does not guarantee worst-case optimality, i.e., the runtime of the query evaluation plan is not asymptotic to the maximum result size of the query. Over the past ten years, research has intensified in the area of worst-case optimal join algorithms. Our work is based on the results of Ngo, Porat, Ré, and Rudra, who designed a join algorithm with worstcase running time. For the Leapfrog Triejoin, a worst-case optimal join algorithm implemented by LogicBlox, we present four optimized index-structures. The indexstructures are evaluated with regard to their performance and applicability in practice. Furthermore, we developed two new variants of the Leapfrog Triejoin: the Hashbased Triejoin and the Hybrid Triejoin. Both variants reduce runtime complexity and allow further optimizations. For the new join algorithms, we introduce and evaluate two index-structures. Finally, we present and analyze the results of several experiments and discuss the strengths and limitations of the join algorithms and their index-structures.


Introduction: Heart failure is a disease, where the heart cannot supply enough blood to meet metabolic needs, causing structural and functional cardiac changes. With this, the cardiac rehabilitation program collaborates in recovering and preserving the health of the body, with emphasis on physical exercises, reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out an integrative literature review in order to verify the effectiveness of a cardiac 1 Bacharel em Fisioterapia UNIFACOL; 2 Professora do corpo de saúde da UNIFACOL; 3 Doutourando em Neurociências – POSNEURO/UFPE; 4 Bacharel em Fisioterapia UNIFACOL; Revista IberoAmericana de Humanidades, Ciências e EducaçãoREASE Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação. São Paulo, v.7.n.2, fev. 2021. ISSN 2675 – 3375 670 rehabilitation program associated with inspiratory muscle training and functional capacity in patients with heart failure. Materials and Methods: A search was made for references in the CAPES, Google Schorlar, SciELO, Lilacs and Pubmed databases in July 2020. The search allowed the identification of seven articles that met the established criteria. Results: According to the results found in this research, it was possible to point out the benefits shown through the cardiac rehabilitation program, such as increased conditioning and respiratory muscle strength, better performance in the 6-minute walk test and increased levels of physical fitness. of patients with heart failure. Conclusion: According to the literature consulted, the cardiac rehabilitation program is viable, safe and indicated, and should be considered an important resource for the treatment and maintenance of the health of these patients with heart failure, contributing to the physical, psychological and social aspects, preventing complications , reducing mortality rates, thereby improving life expectancy. Keyword: Treatment outcome. Cardiac rehabilitation. Respiratory therapy. Exercise test. Heart failure.


The objective of this work was to study the population fluctuation of Meloidogyne enterolobii in a commercial orchard of 'Paluma' guava with five years of age, under micro sprinkler irrigation system and usual practices for this crop. In the orchard, located in the municipality of Vista Alegre do Alto (SP) Brazil and infested by M. enterolobii, five plants exhibiting nematode symptoms were selected for monthly sampling from July 2007 to June 2008. Two single samples of rhizosphere soil and guava roots were collected from each plant, with the aid of hoe to a depth of 20 cm on the projection of the trees, forming a composite sample per plant. In nematology laboratory of Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias ― Universidade Estadual Paulista, eggs and second stage juveniles (J 2 ) of M. enterolobii were extracted from the samples and quantified. There was not a marked seasonal variation in the nematode population in soil or roots, possibly as a result of the guava vegetation stimulated by irrigation or the presence of invasive plants during the experimental period. However, the soil density reached a peak in January, corresponding to the month of elevated rainfall and temperatures. In roots, there were two significant peaks, in February and a major peak in August. There was a negative correlation between nematode populations in soil and roots.


Previous research has shown that annual mowing of leafy spurge tends to increase forage production and delay leafy spurge maturity. Leafy spurge mowed in mid-summer begins vigorous regrowth and may start to flower and set seed in the fall, whereas unmowed plants generally have leafless mature stems with 4 to 6 inch branches of new growth near the tip. Two experiments were established to evaluate mowing as a pretreatment to fall herbicide application for leafy spurge control in a pasture near Sheldon, ND. Leafy spurge was mowed on 2 August 1983 and picloram at 1.0 lb/A or 2,4-D at 2.0 lb/A were applied on 11 August, 18 August or 6 September 1983 in the first experiment. The leafy spurge was dormant prior to mowing but regrowth ranged from 2 to 3 inches tall on 11 August to flowering and 20 to 26 inches tall on 6 September. Leafy spurge was mowed on 2 August, 18 August or 6 September 1983 with all herbicide treatments applied on 22 September 1983 in the second experiment. Leafy spurge ranged from 24 inches tall, flowering and beginning seed set in plots mowed on 2 August to only 2 inches tall with few stems in plots mowed on 6 September. The plots were mowed with a rotary mower and herbicides were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 8.5 gpa at 35 psi. All plots were 10 by 30 ft in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Air temperature was 84, 82, 71 and 46 F when herbicides were applied on 11 August, 18 August, 6 September and 22 September, respectively. Evaluations are based on visual estimate of percent stand reduction as compared to the control.


This paper describes the application status and existing problems of the nocturnal patrol technology of the overhead transmission lines in our country. A system for carrying night vision of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on the nocturnal patrol of the overhead transmission lines is introduced in detail, and the design scheme of the system is presented. The specific contents are as follows: A set of transmission line UAV airborne night patrol platform is developed; Develop corresponding control system software and real-time image transmission system; Canny algorithm and improved adaptive Canny algorithm are used to detect the edge of the image returned by the night vision patrol system. The results show that this method has good intelligence and high identification, it is convenient for the staff to identify transmission line faults, and effectively improves the night patrol ability of overhead transmission lines.


An experience-dominated subject like software project management cannot be learned by merely attending lectures. Additional labs, however, even with only modest real-life projects, call for substantial effort to be spent by the instructors as well as by the partaking students. The AMEISE approach provides an efficient and effective education alternative. Based on Stuttgart University's SESAM, it allows for repeatedly experiencing the complexity of software project management within a simulation environment. In an AMEISE simulation, students assume the role of a technical project manager. They can hire and fire personnel, structure the project, and allocate tasks. Students are challenged to manage a project according to a particular model of the problem structure, selected by the instructor. It is up to the instructor to select the number of trials (simulation runs) to solve given tasks within specified constraints. Students can learn from previous simulation runs, change their strategies and measure their own success using the AMEISE self-assessment feature. This paper describes the underlying AMEISE concepts (including model structure, constraints, and role concept), the architecture and components of the AMEISE environment, and assessment possibilities. Some initial experiences gained from software engineering courses using the AMEISE environment will be discussed as well.


PURPOSE: A separator for high energy rechargeable lithium battery is provided to block at least growth by employing a ceramic composite layer, to be suitable for blocking up short circuit of electrons, and to interrupt ion current between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. CONSTITUTION: A separator for a high energy rechargeable lithium battery comprises: at least one ceramic composite layer, the layer including a mixture of inorganic particles in a matrix material; the layer being adapted to at least block dendrite growth and to prevent electronic shorting; and at least one polymeric microporous layer, the layer being adapted to block ionic flow between an anode and a cathode.


To design a clinical examination of high content validity suitable for use as a formative assessment tool with pre‐registration house officers (PRHO's) towards the end of their first house officer post.


PURPOSE: to evaluate patients who presented post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse and were treated surgically by abdominal sacropexy (ASP) during the period of 1995-2000 at the Sao Paulo Hospital (EPM-UNIFESP). METHODS: we studied retrospectively 21 patients with post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse with previous correction of cystocele and rectocele. An analysis was made taking into account the average age of the patients, number of parturitions, weight, body mass index (BMI), time between the appearance of the prolapse and the hysterectomy, duration of surgery, blood loss and recurrences. The patients underwent surgery using the abdominal sacropexy technique with or without the interposition of a synthetic prosthesis between the vaginal wall and the sacrum. RESULTS: of the patients attended in our service, 15 used the ASP technique and in one case, due to intra-operational difficulties, the Te Linde correction was used. The average age of the patients was 63.7 (47-95 years), parity of 4.6 and BMI of 26.9. ASP was performed on average 18 years after total abdominal hysterectomy and 3 years after vaginal hysterectomy. The average surgical time was 2 h and 15 min, without the need of a blood transfusion. There were no recurrences of the prolapse or preoperative symptoms (follow-up of 1-5 years). CONCLUSIONS: surgical treatment of the vaginal vault prolapse can be done by vaginal access (colpocleisis or the fixation to the sacrospinal ligament) or abdominal approach (sacropexy). The latter has the advantage of restoring the vaginal axis, preserving its depth, which apart from improving the prolapse, allows the restoration of sexual, intestinal and urinary functions (especially when associated with colpofixation - Burch). When diagnosis and treatment are adequate and the surgical team has complete knowledge of the pelvic anatomy, we can affirm that ASP reaches its objective in the treatment of vaginal vault prolapse with excellent correction and minimum morbidity.


This article explores the influence of family socialisation on journalistic practice in Ethiopia, a country in transition to democracy that suffers from a persistently authoritarian media system and weak journalistic professionalism. Drawing on Shoemaker and Reese's pioneering model for assessing the hierarchy of influences on media content, it argues family socialisation is an important but neglected influence that predisposes Ethiopian journalists to adopt dysfunctional newsgathering and reporting practices, prioritise political allegiances ahead of responsibilities to either the public or professional colleagues and wait for state intervention to bring about change in the media system. This argument is empirically grounded in the recent mixed methods research on Ethiopian journalists' role perceptions and practices. An important task for future research on the sources of influence on journalistic professionalism in repressive media milieus is to investigate the influence of journalistic agency at both the individual and collective levels.


The relationship between the rheological properties and composition of eight thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUEs) was evaluated using a stress-controlled rheometer. The composition of the TPUEs was changed by varying the OH/NCO ratio, the chain extender and the molecular weight of the macroglycol used in the synthesis. A high molecular weight macroglycol and a low OH/NCO ratio improved the rheological properties of the TPUEs due to the formation of longer or more abundant soft segments, respectively. The nature of the chain extender influenced the rheological properties to a lesser extent.

© 2000 Society of Chemical Industry


PbSe nanoparticles with dendrites have been prepared by sonoelectrochemical method from an aqueous solution containing Pb(Ac)2 and Na2SeSO3 in the presence of Trisodium Citrate (TSC). The nanoparticles were characterized by using powder X ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). XRD patterns show the presence of diffraction peaks corresponding to the (111), (200),(220), (311), (222) planes of cubic PbSe. The TEM image shows dendrits PbSe in the presence of TSC, while in the presence of Potassium Nitrilotriacetate(NTA) the TEM image shows monodisperse spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 20nm. The effects of electrolysis and complexing agents on particle size and shape were also discussed.


It is common to apply multipliers to earnings and book value to calculate approximate equity values. However, applying a price-earnings multiple or a price-to-book multiple typically produces two valuations and the analyst is left with the question of how to combine these into one valuation. This paper calculates weights that do this. It shows that these weights differ over the difference between earnings and book value and systematically so over time: when earnings are small compared to book value the weights are different from when earnings are large relative to book value, and they vary in a non-linear way over the difference between the two. The weights have the interpretation of combining forecasts of future earnings based on earnings and book value separately into one composite forecast that uses both pieces of information together. So the paper calculates a second set of weights to ascertain how the two numbers are combined to forecast one-year-ahead earnings and three-years-ahead earnings. The calculated weights are applied out of sample to ascertain their predictive ability against other benchmarks.


Nigella Sativa is an annual garden flowering plant, belonging to the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. It is native to southern Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia, where it is found on neglected, damp patches of land. Black cumin seed contains oil; protein; alkaloids such as nigellicimine and nigellidine; kinons such as timokinon and saponin; and Volatile essence. It is used as a homeopathy cure for respiratory conditions such as asthma, cough, bronchitis, etc. Tissue culture is one of the techniques which are used in biotechnology and plant breeding and it is among the most powerful materials for propagation and breeding. Accordingly, a study was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory of the Laboratory Complex, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, to investigate the effect of different hormones densities on internode and hypocotyl regarding different characteristics like the number of shoots and roots, their lengths, their fresh and dry weights, the fresh and dry weights of callus and its volume in March 2015. Hormone treatments included BA with the densities of 0.5, 1, and 2 μM, NNA with the densities of 0, 0.5, and 1 μM, and SA with the densities of 0 and 1 μM. The results indicated that the maximum number of shoots and roots, length of roots, dry weight of roots, fresh weight of shoots, fresh weight of callus and its volume were observed in the hormone density of BA=2, NAA=1, and SA=1. In addition, the longest shoot was observed in the hormone density of BA=0.5, NAA=0, and SA=0. No statistically significant interaction was identified between the hormone treatment and the dry weight of callus, the fresh weight of root, and the dry weight of shoot. Also, there wasn't any statistically significant interaction between hormone treatment and the sampling places on the characteristics on the probability level of 5%.


Following a problem introduced by Schurch [M. Schurch, On the Depression of Graphs, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Victoria, 2013], we find exact values of the minimum number of colours required to properly edge colour Kn, n ≥ 6, using natural numbers, such that the length of a shortest maximal path of increasing edge labels is equal to three. This result improves the result of Breytenbach and Mynhardt [A. Breytenbach and C. M. Mynhardt, On the ε-Ascent Chromatic Index of Complete Graphs, Involve, to appear].


Korean isolate was studied on the shape and structure, structural polypeptide, restriction pattern. Diameter of polyhedron is 0.36~1.3Mm, size of virion is 326 nm×69nm.Assayed by SDS-PAGE, polyhedron of Korean isolates contained a single polypeptide whose molecular is 28.7kDa. genome is 130.18kb.Genome digested by BamH Ⅰ, EcoR Ⅰ, Hind Ⅲ and Pst Ⅰ, map attained is very similar to the other isolates reported.


s of the 13 International Modelica Conference 51 March 4-6, 2019, Regensburg, Germany Algorithms for Component-Based 3D Modeling Neumayr, Andrea and Otter, Martin Algorithms for Component-Based 3D Modeling Andrea Neumayr1 Martin Otter1 1DLR, Institute of System Dynamics and Control, Germany, {andrea.neumayr,email@example.com The experimental, open source modeling environment Modia3D1 is used to test and evaluate ideas to model and simulate larger and more complex 3-dimensional systems than it is possible with a pure equation-based modeling system such as current Modelica. Modia3D models 3D mechanical systems and utilizes ideas of multi-body programs and game engines. It is implemented with the powerful Julia programming language2, which supports multiple dispatch, metaprogramming, and has excellent performance benchmarks compared to C. The basic idea is to combine 3D modeling techniques closely with equation-based modeling à la Modelica within one high level programming environment. Modia3 is used for the equation-based modeling and is implemented with Julia's metaprogramming features. The user's view of Modia3D was introduced in (Neumayr and Otter, 2018) to show the very flexible definition of 3D systems and to start an approach to cope with the underlying inherent Modelica issues. In this article, several key algorithms are discussed which have been developed for the Modia3D prototype. One of the algorithm groups Object3Ds, depending on their properties, into rigidly attached super-objects (Figure 1). root obj1 joint cut-joint mass collide visible force element obj3 obj2 obj4 obj5 obj9 obj10 obj6 obj8 obj7


Thinking is a procedure in forming an idea.And language is a tool of thinking and expressing thoughts.Therefore,in the course of translating,translators must attach great importance to the transformation of the mode of thinking.Only through careful deliberation and analysis can we translate a sentence or a context from one language into another correctly.


The geometric and electronic structures of sub-nanometer neutral chromium oxide clusters (Cr_3O_ n , n  ≤ 9 and Cr_4O_ n , n  ≤ 12) are computed using density -functional theory. Spin multiplicities and related magnetic moments are found to be large for the Cr_3O_ n cluster series, whereas the Cr_4O_ n cluster series generally exhibits antiferromagnetic coupling, which reduces the spin states. The excited state properties for each cluster are calculated using time-dependent density-functional theory. Charge-squared population analysis is used to characterize the excited state transitions and reveal trends in behavior through sequential oxidation. The excited state properties of several structural isomers are shown to be similar, despite exhibiting large differences in their structures, magnetic moments, and electronic energies. This suggests that the overall oxidation of the cluster is perhaps the most important feature for predicting excited state behavior. Graphical Abstract


This study presents a technique for removing the inevitable harmonic distortions and intermodulation products that primary frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars inherently generate in the baseband. The required mixers and baseband amplifiers are non-linear devices that introduce signal distortions, depending on the positions of targets in the field of view. Target distances are directly coupled to their corresponding baseband frequencies. The mitigation strategy presented in this study involves changing the resulting baseband frequencies of targets by varying the mixer deramping frequency input. After applying a processing algorithm that involves spectral rotation and combination, harmonic contributions can be suppressed to a high degree, while target-related signals remain the same. After only four iterations, a gain of 30 dB in spurious free dynamic range can be achieved that can even be improved with more time on target. This behaviour is not only observed in simulations, but is also proven with measurements using an FMCW radar, working at a 3 GHz carrier frequency. The algorithm is applicable to radar systems that work in any frequency band.


A total of seven fluorescent particle (FP) atmospheric tracer studies were conducted in the South Coast Air !Jasin of California during the. su!!lII!.er and fall cf 1972 and 1973. Distinguishable tracet"s were simultaneously released from areas in Los Angeles, Torrance and Santa Ana to simulate automotive emissions. In addition, tests conducted in 1973 included a fourth tracer, released from a smoke stack in the Long Beach area, to simulate industrial emissions. A network of up to sixty tracer sampling stations was used to determine the transport and diffusion of the labeled air masses. Com parisons of tracer material transport and pollutants such as carbon monoxide) sulfur dioxide and oxidant are discussed. Overall results are correlated with meteorological conditions extant during tests and with long term meteorological frequencies. Results are presented primarily as a series of maps showing wind streamlines and effective tracer concentration as a function of time. This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project Number ARB-658 by Metronics Associates, Inc. under the sponsorship of the California Air Resources Board. Work was completed as of 31 May 1974.


Moyamoya disease is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease. Its main manifestation is bilateral internal carotid artery progressive stenosis with abnormal vascular network formation of the compensatory hyperplasia in brain base. The pathological mechanism of moyamoya disease is not clear. Growing evidence has suggested that immune inflammation may play an important role in its occurrence and development process. Abnormal expression of various inflammatory cytokines and immune proteins can be observed in patients with moyamoya disease. This article reviews the possible mechanism of immune inflammation in moyamoya disease in recent years.

Key words:
Moyamoya Disease; Autoimmune Diseases; Inflammation


The agricultural field is of great importance and is therefore in demand with an ever increasing global population. The efficient production of agricultural products greatly depends on the soil conditions. Therefore developing a wireless system to monitor the soil conditions as well as developing a robotic car to move on the field to supply water according to the soil conditions is the most challenging task using NI myrio. This paper presents a solution that will help in reducing the human labor. NI myrio has Wifi feature and thus wireless data transfer is possible. NI myRIO is heart of the proposed work which is used for controlling and monitoring the field conditions and thus is capable of collecting and presenting the data on Graphical User Interface (GUI) which is programmed with LabVIEW. In this system, two myRIO's are used, one will move with the robot car and the other will remain static with the water supply section. Communication between the two myRIO's is achieved using shared variable concept. Further, the solenoid valves are controlled with the data on the GUI. The movable system on the field makes the overall system low cost.


To resolve the software-hardware partition problem that based on IP core,an improved algorithm that adopts adaptive optimal preservation is proposed.This algorithm combines the Maintaining Optima Saved Genetic Algorithm(MOSGA) and Simulated Annealing(SA) algorithm,introduces the cycle strategy and the adaptive probability changes to the mutation,and adaptive optimal preservation,which effectively solutes the matter of premature and time.The simulation shows that the algorithm is effective to the problem of software-hardware partition,and has strong ability of searching and getting out of the local optimum.


This paper presents comparative study of contact stresses and strains at horizontal continuous casting and an innovative method of the half-finished products to horizontal continuous casting of metals. Withdrawal of half-finished products to continuous casting of metals is generally realized by using one or more pairs of metal rollers made of steel. The pairs of rollers are electromechanical and hydraulic driven. This method of half-finished products, although most prevalent, also presents drawbacks. The method proposed by the authors, using jaws firing concentrically oriented, with the half-finished product which is subject of the withdrawal operation. The proposed method is an innovative, and eliminates the hydraulic system of roller shrinkage on the profile, the necessary system in withdrawals roller case. In this way is ensure energy saving and improves facility efficiency and product quality.


Perron and Zhu (2005) established the consistency, convergence rate and limiting distributions of parameter estimates in time trends with a change in slope with or without a concurrent level change for the cases with I(1) or I(0) errors. We extend their analysis to the general case of fractionally integrated errors with memory parameter d∗. Our results uncover interesting features; e.g., with a level shift allowed, the convergence rate for the break date estimate is the same for all d∗∈(−0.5,0.5). In other cases, it is decreasing as d∗ increases. We also provide results about the so‐called spurious break issue.


A PHYSICI.'>N cannot be expected to speak profoundly on pathology even though he speaks for the Section on Pathology. Were I to do so, you would surely say: "O'est la protonae ignorance qui inspire le ton dogmatique." (La Bruyere.) I will try to avoid this by discussing the pathological and physiological mechanisms involved in some of the splenopathies which may be amenable to treatment by splenectomy. I make no pretence of mentioning all, or even most, of the indications for splenectomy, or of discussing the general effects of splenectomy. It is necessary briefly to indicate two functions of the spleen. These functions are evident in the appropriate physiological or pathological circumstances.


THE following have accepted the invitation of the Medical Research Council to serve as members of the Industrial Health Research Board during the next three years : Sir Frederic Bartlett, professor of experimental psychology, University of Cambridge (chairman) ; Sir Charles Bartlett, managing director, Vauxhall Motors, Ltd. ; Prof. R. V. Christie, professor of medicine, University of London ; C. R. Dale, Social Insurance Department, Trades Union Congress ; Dr. A. N. Drury, director of the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine ; Sir Luke Fawcett, general secretary, Amalgamated Union of Building Trade Workers ; Prof. T. Ferguson, professor of public health, University of Glasgow ; Sir Claude Gibb, chairman and managing director, C. A. Parsons and Co., Ltd., Newcastle-on-Tyne ; Prof. A. Bradford Hill, professor of medical statistics, University of London ; Prof. Esther M. Killick, professor of physiology, University of London ; Prof. R. E. Lane, Nuffield professor of occupational health, University of Manchester ; Dr. A. Massey, chief medical officer, Ministry of National Insurance ; Dr. E. R. A. Merewether, H.M. senior medical inspector of factories, Ministry of Labour and National Service ; Dr. J. M. Rogan, Medical Research Council headquarters staff : Dr. Donald Stewart, chief medical officer, Austin Motor Co., Ltd. ; Mrs. Joan M. Faulkner, Medical Research Council headquarters staff (secretary).


Liquid nitrogen jet fracturing is expected to provide a novel treatment for reservoir stimulation. To verify its feasibility, the flow fields in cavity at different times are simulated by CFD method. Then the transient temperature and pressure distributions are analyzed. Based on the cavity pressure distributions, the pressure boosting effect is evaluated. The results show that the nitrogen gas close to the cavity entrance is easily pushed out and the temperature in this region decreases quickly during liquid nitrogen jet fracturing. However, the temperature at the cavity bottom increases firstly at the squeezing action of liquid nitrogen jet and then decreases due to the heat transfer induced by the low temperature liquid nitrogen jet. Compared with water jet, the liquid nitrogen jet can generate equivalent pressure boosting effect in the cavity. Due to the compressibility of nitrogen gas, the pressure boosting process of liquid nitrogen jet fracturing falls behind the hydrajet fracturing. This study identifies the pressure boosting capability of liquid nitrogen jet and can further provide theoretical basis for the researches of this fracturing treatment.


A stack of twelve NaI (Tl) discs, 2 cm think each, has been exposed to sea level muons, and to beams of relativistic carbon, neon, argon, and manganese at the Berkeley Bevalac. For ^(55)Mn with γ = 2.75, the position-measuring accuracy of individual discs is better than ±2 mm, individual layer responses are close to the Landau distribution, and residual error for measuring total kinetic energy of the stopping ions is less than 0.25%.


Based on the brief course of tour restaurant's progressing in home and abroad,this paper argued relation of criterion serve and personalized serve,observed meaning of tour restaurant's personalized serve.Concluding type: agility serve and exceed constant serve,initiative serve and exceed front serve,detail serve and exceed value serve,sensibility serve and trait serve etc of tour restaurant's personalized serve.Gathered up character of diversity,exceed satisfaction,exploit,adventure etc of tour restaurant's personalized serve.


The complex and competitive nature of medical product development requires protection of intellectual property. At the same time, the need for cross-company/regulatory collaboration in what has been described as ''pre-competitive space'' has become increasingly apparent. All those involved with product discovery, development, and regulation struggle with many of the same issues. Not infrequently, companies end up ''reinventing the wheel,'' repeating the same errors, using the same flawed methodologies over and over. The recognition that there is opportunity for multiple sponsors and regulators to work together to develop validated, agreed upon tools that all can use to maximize the efficiency and credibility of the drug development process has, in turn, led to a number of collaborative consortia. For example, the NIH Foundation, working together with multiple companies and FDA, helped fund and organize initiatives including drug safety signal ascertainment known as the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP), and validation of biomarkers that can be used to assess oncologic drug treatment outcomes (the Biomarker Consortium). In this issue ofTIRS,we have two papers from TransCelerate, a consortium of companies that set forth a new initiative to validate novel approaches to centralized monitoring of clinical trials and a comprehensive approach to risk-based monitoring. Their manuscripts, entitled ''Defining a Central Monitoring Capability: Sharing the Experience of TransCelerate BioPharma's Approach, Part I'' and ''Technology Considerations to Enable the Risk-Based Monitoring Methodology'' are not designed as stand-alone documents, but rather represent the beginning of what hopefully willbea seriesofcommunications describingthe challenges and opportunities of new types of monitoring of clinical trials, validation of approaches to more efficient and effective approaches, and suggested horizons for optimizing how people, processes, and technology can increase our comfort in the quality and integrity of data developed in clinical trials. At TIRS, we view this as a partnership in communication— papers published in the journal, podcasts, potentially blogs and ongoing dialogue, DIA website and Global Forum ,f ormal sessions at DIA meetings. For all those trying to improve clinical trial methodologies, and particularly where multiple companies and regulators are working together, TIRS/DIA can help assure wide dissemination of new ideas, and perhaps even more importantly, can serve as a forum for follow-up information and validation of those ideas. As opposed to a warehouse of isolated scientific papers, perhaps our major contribution can be as an ongoing source of updated new knowledge, and validation of the utility of new approaches to product discovery, development, regulation, and use.


There is a growing consensus that high impact innovation requires diverse knowledge access and cohesive groupwork at the same time; however, the role of social and collaboration networks in this phenomenon is still underexplored. In this paper we construct a weighted and time-decayed co-inventor network from all IT-related patents in the harmonized OECD PATSTAT 1977-2013 database. We look at the future impact of firm innovation and apply an inventor mobility framework for the 1990-2000 period to isolate the effect of inventor characteristics from the characteristics of the collaboration network in the firm. Our results imply that highest impact innovations are produced if the firm hires brokers who will work in cohesive networks in the firm. We find evidence that the small world property of networks within the firm exaggerates the effect of incoming brokers and high-impact inventors.


SIR, By immuno ̄uorescence (IF) of 1 ́0 mmol/L NaCl splitskin, linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is divided into a lamina lucida type and less common sublamina densa type. The lamina lucida type involves antibodies targeted against a 97 kDa protein, which is probably derived from bullous pemphigoid (BP) 180 by proteolysis. The nature of the autoantigen in the sublamina densa form of LABD is still controversial, although a subset of patients has been reported to have antibodies recognizing type VII collagen, the same antigen involved in the pathogenesis of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). However, antisera from most patients with the sublamina densa form of LABD do not react with any known antigen. These data indicate that LABD is heterogeneous. For management, dapsone is usually very effective in LABD, as in classical dermatitis herpetiformis. However, oral corticosteroids may be needed in intractable cases of LABD. In this report, we present a patient with a sublamina densa type of LABD, who was treated successively with a combination therapy of tetracycline and niacinamide, a well-known treatment for BP. A 75-year-old Japanese woman presented in August 1997 with a 5-month history of skin lesions. On examination, she had blisters and erosions on the trunk and 608 CORRESPONDENCE


Purpose: Dynamic susceptibility contrast enhanced T2*-weighted perfusion MR imaging (DSC) has increasingly been used to assess brain perfusion in various clinical settings such as cerebral ischemia, arteriovenous malformations or for characterization of brain tumors [1]. Further, it is believed to be applicable especially in children due to a faster heart rate and smaller brain diameter [2]. Perfusion data evaluation generally requires manual selection of an arterial input function (AIF) based on single voxels that are applied to the whole brain. This likely induces a bias due to inter-observer variability. Local AIF selection minimizes deconvolution errors due to the effects of delay and dispersion of the contrast agent (CA) bolus which in turn produces more reliable cerebral blood flow (CBF) measures, especially in regions affected by a delayed or dispersed CA bolus [3]. The aim of our study was to compare two DSC methods, using the global and local approach for determining the AIF in children with diffuse pontine glioma. We speculate that the local AIF approach is more reliable, especially in our patient cohort where the manual selection of the AIF is hampered by susceptibility artifacts that are most pronounced at the level of the brainstem.


Micro-inflammation state is observed in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD),especially those receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis(PD).In recent years,the inflammation is strongly associated with common complication of chronic kidney disease,such as cardiovascular disease and malnutrition.The level of inflammatory markers have been shown consistently to be a powerful predictor of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with PD.In this article,the potential causes,pathophysiological mechanisms and control measures of micro-inflammation in PD patients were reviewed.


i¾"The Red Meat Industries: Concentration, Captive Supplies, Pricing and Policy Issues,i¾" abstract of AAEA Organized Symposium, Marvin Hayenga -- organizer


Helminthosporium Link: Fr. is a generic name well known to plant pathologists.l It has been applied to some important pathogens, such as H. maydis Nisik. & Miyake, H. oryzae Breda de Haan, H. turcicum Pass. and H. teres Sacco These and similar species are commonly associated with leaf spots or blights, foot rots, and other disease syndromes on cultivated and wild Poaceae. Their ability to cause devastating disease has occasionally resulted in famine and loss of human life (82) or in great economic loss (121). Other plant groups are also affected: palms (27), cacti (13), Leucospermum spp. (123), beans (29), forage legumes (93), rubber, Musa (24), and coffee (l 05) are reported as hosts. In addition, mycoses in domestic animals and man increasingly are being attributed to these fungi (70). They have been im plicated in mycotoxicoses in grazing animals (97), and mycoparasitic activity by them has been reported (83). Their classification is therefore of more than academic interest, especially as the genus Helminthosporium should be re stricted to ca. 20 species (34), most of which are saprotrophs. It has been suggested that knowledge of the systematics of two segregate genera, Drech slera and Bipolaris, is inadequate (33). The subject of this review is the taxonomic and nomenclatural fate of the predominantly graminicolous species studied by plant pathologists and others.


Background: The type VI secretion system provides Gram-negative bacteria with a competitive advantage. Results: The V. cholerae T6SS component VgrG-3 has lysozyme-like activity that is inhibited by the product of the downstream gene tsaB. Conclusion: VgrG-3 and TsaB are a toxin-antitoxin complex of the V. cholerae T6SS. Significance: A T6SS effector is characterized along with its cognate antitoxin. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) of Gram-negative bacteria has been implicated in microbial competition; however, which components serve purely structural roles, and which serve as toxic effectors remains unresolved. Here, we present evidence that VgrG-3 of the Vibrio cholerae T6SS has both structural and toxin activity. Specifically, we demonstrate that the C-terminal extension of VgrG-3 acts to degrade peptidoglycan and hypothesize that this assists in the delivery of accessory T6SS toxins of V. cholerae. To avoid self-intoxication, V. cholerae expresses an anti-toxin encoded immediately downstream of vgrG-3 that inhibits VgrG-3-mediated lysis through direct interaction.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the reason of attraction for the young professionals (who left their paid employment) to pursue social entrepreneurship (SE) education, to understand role played by SE education program on developing entrepreneurship knowledge and skills to create social impact and to explore the influence of SE education on their career choices and job-preferences.

Design/methodology/approach
This exploratory study uses qualitative methodology to collect data from 16 alumni of Master of Arts in Social Entrepreneurship (MASE) Program, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India.

Findings
The findings indicate that the knowledge and skills learned through the MASE program played a significant role to create an entrepreneurial mindset and put such skills into action to create impact (as job creator/entrepreneur or job seeker/intrapreneur) as well any change in their career choice, job-preference and job-mobility. The findings force us to re-define "success of SE education", as in both the cases, they are creating social impact using their entrepreneurship knowledge and skills. Career advancement and personal growth opportunities, and their willingness to create impact as decision makers act as strongest motivators to choose the program. Furthermore, the study also highlights the additional factors, which influence their decision of choosing/not choosing SE as career option.

Research limitations/implications
The findings cannot be generalized. The qualitative data is analyzed inductively to arrive at the findings.

Practical implications
The findings are relevant for SE educators and also the policy makers. Promotion of SE education will not only create employment for others, but will also address several other social problems, and contribute to inclusive development of the country.

Originality/value
The uniqueness lies in understanding the motivations behind the decision of pursuing MASE program then followed by exploring the influence of SE education on their career choices and job-preferences.


This article analyses the repetition of the urban representation in Latin American Vanguards in the XX Century beggining, to identify some signs of the city's celebration in its poetic production. The article focalize four writers: two Brazilians, Mario and Oswald de Andrade, and two Argentineans, Oliverio Girondo and Jorge Luis Borges, to recognize similarities and dissimilarities in their urban representation.


This paper describes the management of the transport system of copper deposit on the basis of the simulation model developed with Arena 14.0 (Rockwell Automation). The paper gives the review of methods used to study the transport system of the mining enterprise; describes the simulation model of dump trucks moving along pendulum routes in the copper mine. The paper also analyses the alternative methods of arranging the overburden transportation from the mining area. The study was conducted using the following methods: systematic calculation methods with the elements of discrete mathematics, discrete event simulation modelling with Arena 14.0 (Rockwell Automation). A computer-based experiment was carried out to select the optimal way of transportation of copper ore from the mining area to the ore processing plant. As a result of this experiment the detailed statistics were obtained describing the main parameters of the transport system performance, such as volume of the mine rock being transported, transport utilization rate, downtime percentage, average number of dump truck haul cycles, etc. The developed simulation model enables to study the complex system in real time and optimize the number and characteristics of transport, thus ensuring the efficient management of the transport system.


Higher education practice evaluation is to evaluate the quality and level of higher education.Being one of the most important links in higher education practice as well as one of the most important methods of higher education administration,it can guide,inspire,regulate and monitor the higher education practice.This essay points out the problems existing in China's current evaluation mechanism of higher education practice:i.e.,the single evaluation subject,the one-sided evaluation contents,and the non-scientific evaluation scheme.It proposes that a new evaluation mechanism should be established where the pluralism of evaluation subjects,evaluation goals,evaluation standards,and evaluation organizations is to be achieved.


Barium ferrite films with high coercivity, large magnetic anisotropy, good crystal orientation and crystallinity with hexagonal symmetry have been prepared on single crystal sapphire substrates by laser in-situ deposition. The structures of these films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry. X-ray diffraction pattern shows a preferential c-axis orientation normal to the film plane at a deposition temperature of 900/spl deg/C. The magnetic properties of the films were analysed by a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer and surface morphology was measured by an Atomic Force Microscope. The thin film composition was studied by Raman spectra in qualitative manner.


The growing path selection of the industrial clusters in Hi-Tech Development Zones should start from acceleration of industrial clustering and expansion of industrial clusters.We need to develop high-end distinctive industrial clusters based on the optimization and improvement of industrial chains;to speed up the transformation from industrial clusters into creative clusters by improving the capability of independent innovation and the innovative systems;to build up closer links,strengthen interactions and establish the industrial clusters with sound environment.


Online generation of trajectories in robots is a very complex task that involves the combination of different types of movements, i.e., distinct motor primitives. The later are used to model complex behaviors in robots, such as locomotion in irregular terrain and obstacle avoidance. In this paper, we consider two motor primitives: rhythmic and discrete. We study the effect on the robots' gaits of superimposing the two motor primitives, considering two distinct types of coupling. Additionally, we simulate two scenarios, where the discrete primitive is inserted in all of the four limbs, or is inserted in ipsilateral pairs of limbs. Numerical results show that amplitude and frequency of the periodic solutions, corresponding to the gaits trot and pace, are almost constant for diffusive and synaptic couplings.


Objective:To discuss the safety,feasibility and advantages of transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods:The clinical documents of the patients who had been admitted into the Qilu Hospital,and undergone transumbilical single port laparoscopic(group A,n=12) and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy(group B,n=23) in the period of Nov.2008 to Nov.2009 were reviewed.Their operation time,blood loss,hospital stay after operation,complications rate and the total cost were contrasted.Results:All operations were successful,no post-operative complications occurred in both groups,as to blood loss,group A and B had no significant difference(P0.05).As to post-operative hospital stay and the total hospital cost,group A was much superior to group B(P0.01).However,as to operation time,group B was superior to group A(P0.01).The same time,comparison in group A,operation time had a decreasing trend,the operation time of the later 4 cases was significantly less than the former 4 cases(P0.01).Conclusions:Transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and feasible operation.It has the advantages of mini-invasion,rapid recovery,short hospitalization and less total hospital cost than conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.It will demonstrate the superiority and become the mainstream laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


Viewgraphs on high rate science data handling are presented. Topics covered include: science needs versus technology; technology assessment; conceptual architecture; and direct downlink concept.


By applying the Newton-Gregory expansion to the polynomial associated with the sum of powers of integers S k ( n ) = 1 k + 2 k + · · · + n k , we derive a couple of infinite families of explicit formulas for S k ( n ). One of the families involves the r -Stirling numbers of the second kind (cid:8)


How to transfer GPS heights into normal heights has become a hotspot in survey engineering. There are many GIS fitting methods adopted in GPS heights conversion. A solution is sought the points where collocated by GPS (getting h) and geometry leveling (getting H) in certain area, and we could get the values of Quasi-geoid of these points. We call these points GPS/leveling points, namely the known points. In this method, we consider the Quasi-geoid in a certain area of interpolation to be a polynomial surface or other mathematical model, then we can construct the mathematical model by the plan coordinates X, Y and N of these known points, N=ƒ(X,Y), using this model we could calculate the N of other GPS points, namely, the points of interpolation by their plan coordinates X and Y. Then, we could get the H by the formula H=h-N. Among the many fitting function models, the moving-surface model is a comprehensive model fitting. It has an overall weighted-type fitting model of discrete features, you can use in a larger area; polynomial fitting model also has the advantage of continuity, high precision interpolation function. The basic idea is to interpolate each point as the center, using a number of interpolation points around a given point corresponding to interpolation polynomial fitting of the point values, which is a special kind of local approximation method. It can easily change the local polynomial interpolation using the number of parameters to adapt to fit flat or mountainous areas, without undermining the basic structure of the model. The paper focused on a well-applied model used in GPS height conversion, the moving-surface model has the characteristics of both the continuous model and the discrete model, the general form is presented in this paper. The example shows that the model is effective and something useful is concluded.


Monitoring lake eutrophication with satellite observations could overcome drawbacks from in situ observations.Temporal resolution is a major limiting factor when using satellite data to monitor lake water quality.Satellite data from The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI) at the temporal resolution of eight times a day were used to observe chlorophyll a in Lake Kasumigaura,Japan.To explore feasibility for GOCI data to monitor eutrophication,a model estimating chlorophyll a concentration based on band ratio method was developed.Data indicated that band ratios derived from GOCI data reflected temporal variation in chlorophyll a,correlation coefficient being at 62% Mean relative error of chlorophyll a concentration was less than 50%.It was concluded that GOCI data could be used to monitor lake eutrophication.


The present study investigated the involvement of the transcription factor NF-κB in the expression of an anti-apoptotic gene, bcl-x, using a murine macrophage cell line and peritoneal macrophages from both wild type (p50+/+) and NF-κB p50 gene knockout (p50−/−) mice. Increased expression of Bcl-x protein was observed in native and silica-exposed p50−/− macrophages in which the NF-κB p65-containing complex was predominantly induced. Co-transfection experiment using abcl-x promoter reporter construct and an expression vector for NF-κB p50 or p65 indicates that p65, but not p50, up-regulates the promoter activity of the bcl-x gene. DNA sequence analysis revealed that there are several κB-like sites within the 5′-flanking region of the bcl-x gene. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay suggested differences in binding of the NF-κB complexes to these putative NF-κB binding sites of thebcl-x gene.


The present dissertation is about registered nurses' experiences of medication errors (MEs) which are approached as lived phenomena. A meta-synthesis (systematic review of qualitative evidence) of nurses' experiences of MEs is presented first, followed by a relevant research proposal to investigate them with interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), a reflexive chapter about the methodological and ethical challenges for their investigation and finally a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) research proposal is presented.
The meta-synthesis included eight studies and was conducted by using thematic synthesis. The focus is gathered exclusively on nurses' experiences of MEs which were approached as lived phenomena. The themes and subthemes that emerged out from the synthesis were six and twenty, respectively. The themes were: 'moral and emotional impact', 'constructive learning', 'impact on professional registration and employment', 'nurses' coping strategies with the experience', 'patient and family' and 'identification of contributing factors of and preventive measures for MEs'.
The review contributes to the understanding of nurses' making sense of experiences of MEs and towards to this direction a holistic view about the value and dimensions of the experience itself is provided. As frontline nurses are responsible for the medication administration to patients, the moral and emotional impact of the errors is devastating for their professional identity, employment status, and personal life. Yet, the experience of MEs by nurses poses a constructive aspect and nurses detect strategies to cope with the error occurrence and its consequences. They also detect ways to translate their experience into a beneficial and constructive lesson for themselves, their practice and the organisation they work for.
The meta-synthesis revealed that none of the previous studies used IPA to explore nurses' experiences of MEs and only a few studies focused exclusively on their meaning. Thereby, a research proposal presents the rationale for using IPA, methods, methodological and ethical challenges that such a study entails. However, within the context of the master course, it was impossible to achieve ethical approval to carry out the proposed study and a reflexive chapter about the methodological and ethical challenges faced is developed instead. Examples of the challenges faced concerned nurses' recruitment and management of emotionality during the interview.
The above research proposal and reflections about the methodological challenges led to the formation of a future PhD proposal of a qualitative interviews design study combined with characteristics of IPA. Finally, the dissertation concludes with implications for further research.


The utility model discloses a wireless charging receiver. The wireless charging receiver includes a receiver main body and a USB output connector; the receiver main body comprises an upper cover and a lower cover which are matched with each other; the upper cover and the lower cover are tightly combined with each other to form the shell of the receiver main body; an accommodating groove which is matched with a USB output connector is formed in the upper cover; the receiver main body is also provided with a buckling ring; and the USB output connector is connected with the receiver main body through a connecting wire. When the wireless charging receiver is not used, the USB output connector can be accommodated in the accommodating groove, so that the USB output connector will not be scattered, and therefore, the USB output connector can be protected and will not be damaged, and the appearance of the wireless charging receiver can be beautiful; the lower cover is provided with the buckling ring, so that when being carried, the wireless charging receiver can be buckled on a key ring or other fasteners, and therefore, a user can take along with the wireless charging receiver whenever and wherever, and the possibility of losing the wireless charging receiver can be reduced.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to describe the MR imaging appearance of Warthin tumors multiple MR imaging techniques and to interpret the difference in appearance from that of malignant parotid tumors. METHODS: T1-weighted, T2-weighted, short inversion time inversion recovery, diffusion-weighted, and contrast-enhanced dynamic MR images of 19 Warthin tumors and 17 malignant parotid tumors were reviewed. MR imaging results were compared with those of pathologic analysis. RESULTS: Epithelial stromata and lymphoid tissue with slitlike small cysts in Warthin tumors showed early enhancement and a high washout rate ( > 30%) on dynamic contrast-enhanced images, and accumulations of complicated cysts showed early enhancement and a low washout ratio (<30%). The areas containing complicated cysts showed high signal intensity on T1-weighted images, whereas some foci in those areas showed low signal intensity on short tau inversion recovery images. The mean minimum signal intensity ratios (SIR min ) of Warthin tumor on short tau inversion recovery (0.29 (cid:1) 0.22 SD) ( P < .01) and T2-weighted images (0.28 (cid:1) 0.09) ( P < .05) were significantly lower than those of malignant parotid tumors (0.53 (cid:1) 0.19, 0.48 (cid:1) 0.19). The average washout ratio of Warthin tumors (44.0 (cid:1) 20.4%) was higher than that of malignant parotid tumors (11.9 (cid:1) 11.6%). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient of Warthin tumors (0.96 (cid:1) 0.13 (cid:2) 10 (cid:3) 3 mm 2 /s) was significantly lower ( P < .01) than that of malignant tumors (1.19 (cid:1)


Escherichia coli secretes porphyrins when exposed to 20 mM 1-thioglycerol. A method was devised to isolate mutants, which do not excrete porphyrins in the presence of thiols. DEAE-Sephadex beads were incorporated into plates growing colonies of E. coli. The secreted porphyrins on these plates formed a fluorescent halo around each colony, when the plates were viewed under long-wave ultraviolet light. Mutants were found, that formed either halo-less colonies or a colony with excess halo. This method of incorporating immobilized ion exchangers into plates may be useful in isolating non-secretor or super-secretor mutants of a variety of organisms.


A numerical simulation has been performed of a high-velocity hydrogen plasma arc flow in a low power arcjet including a finite-rate chemical kinetic model. Modelling results are found to compare favourably with available experimental data for the arcjet thrusters. The distributions of temperature and mole fraction of each species along the axis under three different working conditions have been calculated to investigate the effects of the arc current and the mass flow rate on the thermal and chemical nonequilibrium. The results show that the smaller arc current and larger mass flow rate increase the differences between the temperatures of electron and heavyspecies and the degree of ionization and dissociation usually lags behind the values that would correspond to the rising or decreasing electron temperature.


The hepatitis C virus can infrequently cause disease outside of the liver, known generally as extra-hepatic manifestations. Two such extra-hepatic manifestations are mixed type 2 cryoglobulinaemia, which is an auto-immune condition, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is a malignancy of the lymph system. In 1994, two studies first concluded that cellular changes in the lymphatic system caused by hepatitis C could lead to the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. This article provides a brief explanation of these other conditions and presents the evidence that supports the connections between hepatitis C, mixed type 2 cryoglobulinaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. A case study then illustrates the complex interplay between hepatitis C and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and how treatments for both conditions affect one another.


Li Zehou is a vane figure of Chinese philosophy in the 20th century.His historical ontology which is based on the Marxism philosophy practical view draws a lesson from the Kant's survey about Judgment.Its subject is always human being and discusses issues such as how could human beings be possible,how human beings live and what's the situation when human beings are living,which gives the humanity care to the generation which experienced the tremendous change in China


Fire fighting is risky profession. They are not only extinguishing fires in tall buildings but also must drag heavy hoses, climb high ladders and carry people from buildings and other situations. There are many fire fighters lost their lives in the line of duty each year throughout the world. The statistics of the fire
fighter fatalities are still maintain at high level every year and it may continue to increase if there is no improvement in fire fighting techniques and technology.
This paper describes the development of ground vehicle for fire fighting purpose.


In allusion to the complicated characteristics of land use structure changes and the disfigurement of BP artificial neural network in forecast application,BP artificial neural network model was optimized by using genetic algorithm to form the genetic neural network model which was combined with genetic algorithm and BP network.Matlab software was used to compile the program of neural network and genetic neural network and realize the model establishment.It was proved that it was feasible and effective to use genetic neural network in the prediction of land use structure,with a good foreground.


Prior studies show that clinicians have knowledge deficits and attitudinal concerns about caring for dying patients. We tested an education program designed to improve perspectives regarding end-of-life symptom management in the context of implementing an end-of-life symptom management order protocol. The case-based, interactive multidisciplinary educational program included practice with decision making, family discussion, and order writing. Clinicians completed a questionnaire before and after the program that assessed comfort with and attitudes toward symptom control at the end of life and knowledge about use of the end-of-life symptom management order protocol. Of 381 clinicians participating in the educational intervention, 297 completed pre- and post-educational program surveys. Most were nurses. Knowledge and comfort in caring for a dying patient were higher after the intervention (P < .001). Attitudes about end-of-life symptom management also changed significantly: After the educational program, clinicians were less likely to equate end-of-life symptom management with euthanasia or to believe that symptom management should aim to treat the family of an asymptomatic patient. After the program, clinicians were less likely to perceive that the end-of-life symptom management order protocol aimed to conserve healthcare resources or to shorten the dying process. Clinician knowledge, attitudes, and comfort regarding end-of-life symptom management improved with an interdisciplinary, interactive educational intervention.


Summary The engagement and retention of engineering students are issues that have been of concern for educators for at least 50 years, and with an increasing number of students engaged in work outside the university, the pressures are increasing. In the current study, the effectiveness of a program titled "Students @ Risk" has been assessed. The program revolves around a weekly summative quiz where performance and attendance are noted. In an attempt to prevent problems before they set in, students who have not attended at least half of the quizzes in the first four weeks of semester are contacted by the lecturer and urged to make the most of the opportunities that the quizzes afford. The numbers contacted normally account for up to 10% of the class, although it is often less than 5%. Experience has shown that the students who are contacted respond well to the approach. Approximately 40% respond to the email, and in most cases these students then make significant improvements in attendance with rates going from a low 35% to 45% for the rest of the semester. The students are also likely to go on to pass the course. The feedback from the whole class is very positive with regards to the quizzes, with 64% of respondents to one course evaluation listing the quiz as one of the best aspects of the course. There has also been encouraging feedback from individuals in the class who have been contacted as part of the program.


This paper presents the main motivations in the political thought of Hannah Arendt. It analyses the passion of understanding, taken as reconciliation of thought and experience. And finally, it states that the agent that enables that reconciliation are the members of society that judge the political events.


Ab s t r Ac t Aim: Investigation of color changes of restorative materials with different surface finishing processes applied and kept in different solutions. Materials and methods: Totally 240 rectangular prism specimens were used in this study. Specimens were produced by four different restorative materials (two composites, lithium disilicate ceramic and zirconia) and each group was randomly divided into three groups. The three different surface finishing processes were applied to the specimens, and again, each group was randomly divided into four groups (n = 5). The initial color measurements were performed by spectrophotometer and recorded, after that the specimens were kept in four different solutions for a total of 28 days. The first 7and 28-day color measurements of the specimens were made by spectrophotometer and recorded. Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Tamhane's T2 test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the discolorations of the restorative materials (p < 0.001) and was no statistical difference between the different polishing processes (p > 0.05) during all periods. Although there was a statistically significant difference between the discolorations during 0–7 days and 7–28 days (p < 0.001), there was no statistically significant difference between the discolorations during 0–28 days (p > 0.05). Conclusion: During 0–28 days of investigations, different solutions cause a color change in restorative materials, and surface polishing processes are of no importance in this case.


Teacher effectiveness is an issue that has received increased attention in recent years, as researchers have become aware of limitations in models that see the school as the key arena for improving pupil learning outcomes. This renewed interest makes it timely to look again at the methods used in teacher effectiveness research. This article presents an overview of some key issues in researching teacher effectiveness from a process-product perspective. The choice of outcome measure is a first key area. Traditionally most teacher effectiveness research has utilised externally published standardised tests. However, it will be argued that this is too limited in the light of societal demands on education. Actually measuring teacher factors is an issue the difficulty of which has often been underestimated. Classroom observation, surveys of teachers and students, and qualitative methods such as interviews have been most frequently employed. The advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. In the final section, the main analysis methods suitable for teacher effectiveness research are outlined.


Advanced materials for medicine can be represented by 4 large groups: ceramics, cements, polymer materials and composite materials. The new medical approach in medicine is well known as regenerative medicine. Its main principle is as follows: bioconductive matrices support tissue ingrowth de novo into the pores, providing space for biological flows, vessels and cells, and being resorbable in the process of osteogenesis. The most important role in such a technology belongs to the matrix material. The biodegradation kinetics should be as close as possible to that of new tissue formation. Cements are considered to be of the most perspective materials for both to fill bone defects and to produce porous matrices. Cements are easy to use during surgical operations, they can be shaped in a simple way, their crystal size is generally close to the apatite crystal size of the bone. Composite cements consist of polymer and calcium phosphate particulate, they combine elasticity of polymer with osteconductivity of calcium phosphate. Different polymer-base composite films can be used as membranes, they are of great interest too.


Objective To evaluat physical exercise's effct on left ventricle diastolic function.Methods 12 college athletes and 12 students' transmital flow volume in peace state were measured and analysed. Results College athletes' MV VTI is bigger, MEAD GRAD and A are smaller.Conclusion Physical exercise can improve the brimming and unhindering abilities of left ventricle and increase the area of mitral valve.


Key Points • Elevated BMI is associated with increased toxicity and NRM, and decreased OS among AYAs treated on DFCI consortium pediatric ALL regimens.• Normal BMI is associated with excellent outcomes, regardless of age; the deleterious effect of increased BMI is more pronounced in older AYAs.


Simultaneous imaging of Tc-99m and I-123 has important applications for brain imaging but is hindered by crosstalk between the two radionuclides. Monte Carlo simulations of 15 different dual-isotope studies were performed using a digital brain phantom. Several physiologic Tc-99m and I-123 uptake patterns were modeled in the brain structures. Spectral factor analysis (SFA) using constraints on the primary spectra was performed on projections to correct for crosstalk from both scattered and unscattered photons. The accuracy of reconstructed pixel values, using filtered-backprojection, within several brain structures was compared to that obtained with an energy windowing method (WSA). In I-123 images, mean bias was close to 10% in all structures for SFA and between 14% (in the caudate nucleus) and 25% (in the cerebellum) for WSA. Tc-99m activity was overestimated by 35% in the cortex and 53% in the caudate nucleus with WSA, but by less than 9% in all structures with SFA. SFA performed well even in the presence of high-energy I-123 photons; good accuracy was attained by incorporating the contamination into the model as a priori information. SFA is a promising approach to correct for crosstalk in simultaneous Tc-99m/I-123 SPECT.


PURPOSE: A liquid crystal display and a method for fabricating the same are provided to prevent the chemical reactions with a semiconductor layer and the film separation in the etching process by forming titanium layer below copper wires. CONSTITUTION: A liquid crystal display includes first metal layers(32A,42A,44A) for the film separation of signal wires including gate lines and data lines, and thin film transistors including gate electrodes, source and drain electrodes(42,44) from a lower layer material in the etching process, and second metal layers(32B,42B,44B) having interface characteristics different from the first metal with respect to the lower material for compensating the interface characteristics between the lower material and the first metal layer.


Computational chemistry with the data from more detailed X-ray diffraction (XRD) oxygen evolving complex (OEC) structure has been used extensively of late in exploring the mechanisms of water oxidation in the OEC. The study reported in this paper involves density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate whether the data are in agreement with the four manganese ions in the OEC, being organized as a '3+1' (trimer plus one) model [Gatt et al. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 51, 12025–12028, 2012; Petrie et al. Chemistry - A European Journal, 21, 6780–6792, 2015; Terrett et al. Chemical Communications, 50, 3187–3190, 2014] or 'dimer of dimers' model. [Terrett et al. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 162, 178–189, 2016]. The data analysis method used involves quantum chemical DFT calculations on relevant models of the OEC cluster. DFT calculations were performed using both the so-called 'open' and 'closed' forms [Terrett et al. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 162, 178–189, 2016] of the ...


The Honors Committee of the Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers (SEDAAG) each year recognizes outstanding student and faculty achievements. Serving on the ≤≠≠∏ committee were: Katie Algeo, chair (Western Kentucky University); Scott Curtis, chairelect (East Carolina University); Sharon Cobb (University of North Florida); Graham Tobin (University of South Florida); and Qingfang Wang (University of North Carolina-Charlotte). The ≤≠≠∏ Honors Committee congratulates the following individuals who received awards at the recent annual SEDAAG meeting in Morgantown, West Virginia.


According to the Bahá'í Faith, religion, in one form or other is believed to lie at the root of all civilisations. This paper sets out to examine this belief with respect to the great developments of philosophy and science in the Chinese civilisation during the Tang (618-907 AD) and Sung (960-1279 AD) dynasties. Science in China is usually thought to have developed in isolation, with relatively little influence from other cultures, while philosophy in China is often described as "humanist", that is, one which is not reliant upon religion. The theme of this paper is that Chinese cultural achievements during the Tang and Sung dynasties not only emerged from considerable contact with other cultures, but were inspired by religion. The impact of Buddhism on Chinese culture is highlighted. This paper draws parallels between Buddhism being the inspiration behind the Chinese Sung Renaissance, and Islam lying at the root of the European Renaissance. Another issue addressed in this paper is "Needham's puzzle", that is, the question of why modem science did not develop in China. Some of the source texts of the three main spiritual traditions in China, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are examined in the light of whether they encourage or discourage scientific investigation. Also, elements of NeoConfucianism are critically reviewed, since it has been the dominant school of philosophy in China for the last millennium. The general conclusions are that: when China was characterised by an ethnocentric world-view, illustrated for instance by Neo-Confuciamst suppression of Buddhism, Chinese science did not make much progress. On the other hand, creative and innovative periods in Chinese history were characterised by an openness to foreign people, not only in terms of 126 THE SINGAPORE BAHÁ1 STUDIES REVIEW scientific exchange, but also with respect to embracing their philosophy and religion. 1. Chinese Scientific Achievement It is now well known, that around a millennium ago, the Chinese culture was one of the most scientifically advanced cultures in the world. Chinese people living at that time, were in many ways centuries more advanced than their European contemporaries. Until relatively recently, all this was not widely appreciated. Only after the second world war, largely through the seminal work of the English scientist/historian Joseph Needham, were the great achievements of Chinese science better disseminated to the Western world.1 Three Chinese inventions in particular, printing, gunpowder and the magnetic compass, are conspicuous of the great scientific legacy that China bequeathed to Europe. These inventions transformed medieval Europe and prepared it for the modem era. By the 17th century, many European scientists and philosophers were acknowledging their debt to these inventions, although curiously, they did not know where these inventions originated. The well-known English 17th century spokesman of modem science, Sir Francis Bacon, refers to the impact of these inventions in the following way: "It is well to observe [said Lord Verulam] the force and virtue and consequences of discoveries. These are to be seen nowhere more conspicuously than in those three which were unknown to the ancients, and which the origin, though recent, is obscure and inglorious; namely, printing, gunpowder, and the magnet. For these three have changed the whole face and state of things throughout the world, the first in literature, the second in warfare, the third in navigation; whence have followed innumerable changes; in so much that no empire, no sect, no star, seems 1 Joseph Needham's massive achievement is embodied in the continuing Science and Civilisation in China series, the successive parts o f which have been published by Cambridge University Press since 1954. The home o f the project is now the Needham Research Institute in Cambridge, which also houses a unique and growing library (the East Asian History of Science Library) used by scholars from East and West alike. Science and Religion in Chinese Culture 127 to have exerted greater power and influence in human affairs than these mechanical discoveries..."2 Bacon's clear testimony that printing, gunpowder and the magnetic compass were among the most powerful scientific discoveries of his day is important, as is his ignorance concerning their origins. It is difficult to exaggerate the great social impact these inventions had on European life in the late medieval period. The Reformation, Renaissance and the rise of capitalism all made use of printing, and the democratic form of education that it made possible. Gunpowder weapons brought about a more democratic form of warfare, and led to the end of Western military aristocratic feudalism. The castle was no longer the most secure fighting post. Both at sea and land, gunpowder made war more mobile. The magnetic compass opened up a new era of navigational science for Europe in the 15th century and took Europeans around the world, eventually to discover America. The great social transforming effect of such expeditions gave rise to Western colonies and brought the world much closer than it had ever been before. Also, no less important, is the role magnetic science played in the development of modem science. The study of magnetism provided parallels by which the gravitational force was understood, and this body of science finally evolved into field theory. Field theory is an important branch of physics by which we understand electromagnetic and gravitational phenomena today. It is extraordinary, that given the far-reaching effects of printing, gunpowder and the magnetic compass on European society that their origins were to remain "obscure". What is even more surprising is that for most Europeans, the origins of these inventions remained a mystery right up to the 20th century. Indeed, Needham cites two occurrences of it in books written by well-known European scholars, one which was published in 1920, and the other published in 1962. Needham refers to it as an attitude o f 'invincible ignorance'.3 The Chinese wrote of magnetic effects as early as 83 AD, in relation to divination devices called Shih. The earliest description of a magnetic compass dates from the 9th century AD. A small wooden piece of 2 J. Needham, The Grand Titration, p. 62.


Smart Power Integrated Circuits are commonly used where different operating voltages are required since it can enable miniaturization of the system electronics. For the combination of an electroluminescent device with a capacitive touch sensor, a μm SOI integrated circuit is implemented with a high-voltage inverter and a low-voltage spread spectrum clock generator. The transient signals with up to ± 300 Vp and 5 kHz show interferences on the digital sensor excitation signal.


(57) Abstract: optical body has at least two polymeric materials forming a reflective interface for at least one polarization. One of the optical body is a multilayer optical film comprising a birefringent first optical layers, and a second optical layer disposed alternately with the first optical layer. Each first optical layer is formed using a polymer such as a copolymer of polyethylene naphthalate. The second optical layer is formed to have a small in-plane birefringence than the first optical layers in the case of light 632.8 nm. The optical body can be used, for example, such as polarizers and mirrors. Refractive index better matched, it is possible to manufacture an optical element using the polymer becomes easier protection from UV light without coloring the optical body.


The thesis is devoted to the research of the creative activity of the sound
engineer in the Ukrainian cultural space. The development and transformation of the
culture and art of the twentieth century is conditioned by the introduction of new
discoveries and technologies in sociality, which in turn contributes to the emergence
of new means of expressiveness in the work of musicians, architects, artists and
representatives of other creative professions. Sound recording becomes a new cultural
phenomenon that affects the enhancement of intercultural relationships and elevates
them to a qualitatively higher level.
The scientific works in the following areas have been analyzed: the theory of
creative activity; the history of recording; definition of the concepts of «sound
engineer», «sound director», «sound supervisor» and the characteristics of the
dualism of technology and art in the creative work of the sound engineer; theoretical
basics of sound processing; computer, multimedia and audio technologies; sound
recording in theatre, cinema, radio, television and musical arts; articles, monographs,
textbooks, including scientific works and scientific and pedagogical intelligence on
sound processing.
During the study of the theoretical foundations of the sound engineer creative
activity, we determined that it is a process of creating qualitatively new material and
spiritual values of culture, and sound engineering is defined as a multifunctional
sphere of creative professional activity.
An author's classification of a sound engineer work was proposed. Such
classification was compared with the four types differentiated by the way of work,
characterized by sound technologies, peculiarities of performing creative activity,
principles of evaluating the quality of phonograms, the creative and the technological
interpretation.
It was noted that the creative and technological interpretation of the sound
engineer is one of the main types of creative activity during the implementation of
technological means of structure, form, where the author's concept of the work is
realized. This is an artistic process in which the sound engineer cooperates actively
and creatively with others individuals – performer, composer, and conductor.
For the first time, the creative work of Ukrainian sound engineers of the second
half of the XX – beginning of the XXI century was analyzed on the basis of archival
materials of the Republican Radio Broadcasting and recording House of the National
Television and Radio Company of Ukraine (hereinafter in the text RRBH); the
concept of «space of phonocomposition» and «creative and technological
interpretation» were developed. Also the influence of the creative and technological
interpretation of the sound engineer on the phonocomposition of the piece academic
music was disclosed using the following examples of the comparative analysis of
such sound recordings as the first part of the symphony No. 5 by P. Tchaikovsky, that
was recorded by sound engineers of such recording companies as «EMI», «DG»,
«DECCA Music Group Limited», «Comora», RRBH. Also creative and
technological analysis of the sound recording of the first part of the symphony No. 3
by B. Lyatoshynsky RRBH was performed.
Also such archival materials as f.4915, articles 4-15, 4-18, units 480, 327, 6
pertaining to the creative activity of the RRBH were introduced into the scientific
circulation.
The study of the creative work of the sound engineers of the RRBH helped us
investigate the genre lines of their sound recordings. Namely: off-studio sound
recordings, broadcasting recordings of concerts, performances, TV programs
recordings – A. Belozerov, A. Mokritsky, T. Vinnitskaya, L. Bylchinsky, O. Fokin,
D. Chesko, Y. Shchelkovsky; Recordings of music of different genres and
compositions – V. Leschenko, A. Mokritsky, Y. Shchelkovsky. Sound recordings of:
works of great form (symphonies and instrumental concerts) performed by
symphonic, pop-symphonic and folk orchestras – A. Beloziorov, L. Bylchinsky, M.
Didkovsky, T. Vinnitskaya, Y. Vinnik, V. Leshchenko, A. Mokritsky, I. Prima, O.
Fokin, D. Chesko; Instrumental, ensemble and solo music – L. Bylchinsky, A.
Mokritsky, Y. Shchelkovsky, O. Fokin, I. Prima; opera performances and individual
operatic instrumental and vocal numbers – A. Beloziorov, L. Bylchinsky, T.
Vinnitskaya, A. Mokritsky, A. Fokin, Y. Shchelkovsky; fragments from the operetta
– A. Beloziorov and L. Bylchinsky; vocal works of the great form, vocal-instrumental
works – L. Bylchinsky, T. Vinnitskaya, A. Mokritsky, V. Leschenko; chamber
instrumental and vocal music, songs and romances, pop works – L. Bylchinsky, A.
Belozerov, Y. Vinnik, T. Vinnitskaya, V. Leshchenko, I. Prima, I. Stupka, A. Fokin,
D. Chesko, Yu. Shchelkovsky, V. Leshchenko.
The terms such as: «creative activity», «interpretation», «phonocomposition»,
«components of artistic communication» have been defined; features of the creative
and technological interpretation of the sound engineer have been investigated, which
influence the image structure of the sound recording of a musical work; the theory of
research has been elaborated using objective means for representing sound signals,
including spectral analysis, which provide the researcher with additional tools for
studying (characteristics) of the phonocompositions (sound recordings) of musical
compositions.