Low-alcohol liquor has become the consumption mainstream in the 21st century.However,during the process of reducing liquor alco-holicity,light loss,turbidity and boring taste are inevitable phenomenons.How to keep original liquor styles has become the research hotspot.In this experiment,active carbon absorption was applied to treat the turbidity occurred in alcoholicity-reducing process of Zhang'gong liquor(53 % vol reduced to 40 %vol).The results showed that its original styles could be well kept under the following conditions: active carbon(aperture above 2.8 nm) used as absorption medium,the addition level of active carbon was 0.12 %,and the processing time was 96 h.


In this paper we report a speaker adaptation method when a small subset of word classes is available for the adaptation. A spectral transformation approach is used to adapt to a new speaker without changing the parameters of speaker-independent recognizer. By using "judge" network the degradation of the recognition rates for non-adapted word classes is minimized, which leads to the improvement of overall word recognition rates. The pruned judge network uses less parameters, but shows better generalization capability than full connected linear judge networks. Remarkable reduction of error rates is achieved for adapted 10 words, while maintaining almost same recognition rates for the non-adapted words. The results demonstrated much better recognition rates compared to the base-line system.


A non parametric method for classification is proposed. Its main purpose is the reduction of the influence of outlying observations. It presents a robust alternative to existing methods which use squared sample information and thus will be strongly influenced by such observations.


Bennett, R. G. 1973. Classification of beach areas. Norsk Geogr. Tidsskr. 27, 51–61. This article discusses problems of delimiting coastal areas for the purpose of recreational planning which is now required by Norwegian law. A method of evaluating and mapping of the recreational value of such areas is presented. It is primarily based on differences in gradient and roughness of terrain, which are considered to be the main factors affecting access to the water and pedestrian traffic.


—Log data from computers used for network forensic analysis is ineffective at identifying specific security threats. Log data limitations include the difficulty in reconstructing communication patterns between nodes and the inability to identify more advanced security threats. By combining traditional log data analysis methods with a more effective combination of approaches, a more comprehensive view of communication patterns can be achieved. This combined approach can then help identify potential security threats more effectively. It's difficult to determine the specific benefits of combining Packet Capture (PCAP) and Social Network Analysis (SNA) when performing forensics. This article proposes a new approach to forensic analysis that combines PCAP and social network analysis to overcome some of the limitations of traditional methods. The purpose of this discovery is to improve the accuracy of network forensic analysis by combining PCAP and social network analysis to provide a more comprehensive view of network communication patterns. Network forensics, which combines pcap analysis and social network analysis, provides more comprehensive results. PCAP analysis is used to analyze network traffic, conversation statistics, protocol distribution, packet content and round-trip times. Social network analysis maps communication patterns between nodes and identifies the most influential key players within the network. PCAP analysis efficiently captures and analyzes network packets, and SNA provides insight into relationships and communication patterns between devices on the network.


Since the first operation of heart transplantation was successfully operated by doctor Banard in South Africa in 1967, people have gradually been aware that the death of the heart or the lung is not tantamount to the death of the whole, but the death of the brain is inreversible and has presented the issue of "Brain Death" for the first time. Till now, it has been established by many countries and regions in the field of medicine and law and a series of "Brain Death" standard has been formulated. The verification of "Brain Death" has greatly improved the number and the success rate of Organ Transplatation and has laid a solid foundation of the development of organ transplantation. However, China hasn't formulated the standard and law of "Brain Death". To adapt to the international trend, the law of "Brain Death" and organ transplantation should be formulated on the spot.


Kagera is the global leader in e-commerce retailer. The organization is under 20 years old yet employs almost 100,000 associates. Since 1998, the organization has made over 40 acquisitions and is a consistent spot holder among the top 50 companies in the world according to the Fortune Global 500 list (Fortune, 2013).Kagera is a monopoly and must innovate to maintain its competitive edge and consistently remain a technological leader. Kagera operates around a central theme: kaizen or constant improvement. The newly developed innovation the subject distribution center implemented was born of this desire for constant improvement.


Kondoa Irangi area is among the most degraded ecosystems in Central Tanzania as a result of heavygrazing, fire, collection of fuelwood and improper cultivation practices. The restoration process of ...


This research was developed from the interests of authors by giving their students the opportunity to have a mindset that allows them to succeed in the different processes of solving problems they will face in college, their families and community. The book is structured in three parts: introduction to complex thinking, the General Systems Theory and system dynamics, so that authors and perspectives aimed at this objective are covered.


Objective:To investigate the recent clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of thalidomide in combination with VAD regimen in the treatment of multiple myeloma(MM).Methods: Thirty-seven patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma were randomly divided into study group or control group.17 patients in control group were treated with VAD regimen(vincristine,doxorubicin and dexamethasone).20 patients of study group were treated with thalidomide in combination with VAD regimen.Results: After three treatment courses,the efficient rate was 80% in study group and was 47.1% in control group.There was significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusions: The recent clinical efficacy of thalidomide in combination with VAD regimen is obviously superior to VAD regimen alone.This therapy has mild adverse reactions and is easy to tolerate.


A chiral‐homeotropic LC cell is demonstrated to possess a very high contrast and low operation voltage. Using a 120° twist angle and an LC mixture with dielectric anisotropy of Δ∍= −6, the operation voltage is reduced to 2.5Vrms. This operation mode is useful for both transmissive and reflective displays. Low voltage operation of such a TFT‐LCD would reduce the power consumption and lower the cost of driving electronics.


The results of a study into the loss of lock phenomenon associated with the Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) are documented. The primary cause of loss of lock has been found to be a combination of cosmic ray spikes and photon noise due to a 14.5 Mv star. The probability of maintaining lock versus time is estimated both for the baseline FGS design and with parameter changes in the FGS firmware which will improve the probability of maintaining lock. The parameters varied are changeable in-flight from the ground and hence do not impact the design of the FGS hardware.


Mahendra R. Doshi, Progress in Paper Recycling, Appleton, WI, USA. Angeles Blanco, Carlos Negro and Concepcion Monte, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Gilles M. Dorris and Carlos C. Castro, Paprican, Pointe Claire, QC, H9R 3J9, Canada. Axel Hamann, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany. R. Daniel Haynes, Eka Chemicals, Inc., Marietta, GA, USA Carl Houtman and Karen Scallon, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA. Hans-Joachim Putz, Paper Technology and Mechanical Process Engineering, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany. Hans Johansson, SCA Packaging Research, 85121 Sundsvall, Sweden. R. A. Venditti, K. Copeland and H-M. Chang, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.


This paper details the development of compliant textured surfaces based on fibrous composites that possess enhanced hydrophobic surface wetting properties. The fibrous composites consist of various micro-fiber phases reinforcing a compliant elastomeric matrix. The fiber phase is textured such that it is aligned transversally and protruding out of the elastomer surface. This is achieved by mechanically cutting and rearranging a longitudinally aligned molded composite – a process that takes advantage of the fiber debonding and pullout phenomenon. The textured surface brought about by the aligned and protruded fibers is apparent in both the surface morphology and metrology of the composites. Contact angle wetting studies indicate that the fiber protrusions enhances the hydrophobicity of the surface. A maximum contact angle of 110° is observed with a carbon fiber content of 16vol%, representing a 32% improvement in the surface hydrophobicity over unreinforced TPU (84°). The textured fiber composites in this study represent a facile method to enhance the multi-functionality of composites, by imparting hydrophobic behavior, without the need for any additional surface coating or post-process texturing.


Rigorousdiffraction theoryis appliedto analysethe direct-sampling(DS) encoding method, which is basedon scalar diffraction theory. For given fabrication constraintsand constantsamplingwidth of the lens function, the quantizedphaseprofilesobtainedwith scalar DS arecloseto the optimumsolutions,evenfor gratingperiod to wavelengthratios (3b/λ) as small asabout3. For smallerratios,the phaseprofilesobtainedby DS canbe improvedby up to 25%, using a straightforwardrigoroussteepest-gradient optimization. Applied to cylindrical lenseswith NA = 0.5 and0.63, codingwith DS andwith rigorously improvedDS gives quite similar resultsfor the total diffraction efficiency.


A comparative experimental research on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics of Euymus japinicus Thunb trees growing in the typical urban and suburban plots was conducted in August,September and October in 2007 by using Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system.The results showed that the indicators of intercellular CO2,Vpdl and transpiration rate in Euymus japinicus Thunb at the urban plot were higher than that at the suburban plot,and water use efficiency,light use efficiency,CO2 use efficiency and stomatal conductance in Euymus japinicus Thunb at the urban plot were lower than that at the suburban plot.There was not any significant difference at the net photosynthetic rate between the two sampling plots in August and September,and the net photosynthetic rate became lower at the urban plot than that at the suburban plot in October.Moreover,the major environmental factors affecting the indicator of net photosynthetic rate in Euymus japinicus Thunb was also analyzed by using multivariate step-wise regression.There were obviously different at the two sampling plots for some indicators which included stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2,temperature and humidity,and the CO2 assimilation capacity in Euymus japinicus Thunb became lower at the urban plot than that at the suburban plot from August to October.


ABSTRACT This paper is about utilizing clients' spirituality as a salient resource towards their own healing and recovery in mental health. The author illustrates this through an encounter with a client who is confronted by an unexpected major life transition and who at the heart of her suffering experiences a spiritual crisis. Through their work together she describes the dimensional approach in her client's recovery, in particular her existential recovery, which extends to spiritual well-being. She concludes by arguing that routinely incorporating an integrative framework that takes into account a mind-body-spirit view of humanity is the responsibility of all clinicians.


Seven new bibenzyl dimers of type (I) or (II) and the new dihydrophenanthrene derivative (III) are isolated from the stem of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook.


Compared to other businesses, fishing is a high-risk economic activity. To minimize risk, it is necessary to the management of fishing operations. Due to limited capital and fish resources, the goal of fishing operations management is to minimize operating costs and maximize capture catches. However, understanding the strategy of fishing operations is rarely understood and considered less important. To understand the strategy of fishing operations, a study has been conducted in Muara Angke, Jakarta. The aims of this study are to analyze the constraints of fishing operations and adaptation strategies which developed by fishermen trap in fishing operations. The results suggest that there are three major constraints faced by the fishing traps in the arrest operation, namely climate, fishing season and venture capital. In response to the constraints and issues, the fisherman traps are still carried out regular fishing strategy.


This paper aims at providing a proposal for more effective writing activities based on the followings: (1) comparing Korean and Japanese English textbooks and analyzing their respective styles of writing activities and (2) analyzing a questionnaire on students' attitude toward English writing. The writing activities in the Korean textbook consist of 40.3% controlled writing, 58.1 % guided writing, and 1.6% free writing. In contrast, the writing activities in the Japanese textbook are composed of 30% controlled writing, 30% guided writing and 40% free writing. The Japanese textbooks facilitate the three types of writing evenly, while the Korean textbook heavily relies on controlled and guided writing. According to the questionnaire, the students do not attribute importance to writing even though they think writing is one of the most important skills. Given these results together, it is argued in this paper that the writing activity's style in a textbook should consist of more free writing activities.


Long‐term caloric restriction (CR) has been repeatedly shown to increase life span and delay the onset of age‐associated pathologies in laboratory mice and rats. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the CR‐associated increase in life span occurs in all strains of mice or only in some genotypes and whether the effects of CR and ad libitum (AL) feeding on mortality accrue gradually or are rapidly inducible and reversible. In one experiment, groups of male C57BL/6, DBA/2, and B6D2F1 mice were fed AL or CR (60% of AL) diets beginning at 4 months of age until death. In the companion study, separate groups of mice were maintained chronically on AL or CR regimens until 7, 17, or 22–24 months of age, after which, half of each AL and CR group was switched to the opposite regimen for 11 wk. This procedure yielded four experimental groups for each genotype, namely AL→AL, AL→CR, CR→CR, and CR→AL, designated according to long‐term and short‐term caloric regimen, respectively. Long‐term CR resulted in increased median and maximum life span in C57BL/6 and B6D2F1 mice but failed to affect either parameter in the DBA/2 mice. The shift from AL→CR increased mortality in 17‐and 24‐month‐old mice, whereas the shift from CR→AL did not significantly affect mortality of any age group. Such increased risk of mortality following implementation of CR at older ages was evident in all three strains but was most dramatic in DBA/2 mice. Results of this study indicate that CR does not have beneficial effects in all strains of mice, and it increases rather than decreases mortality if initiated in advanced age.


Male crickets show intensive aggressive behavior when they encounter another male. During this study comprehensive analysis on aggressive behavior in Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus) was investigated. It was noticed that male adopted six behavioral responses i.e., pre-established dominance, antennal railing, uni-lateral and bi-lateral mandible dispersal, engagement of mandibles and grappling in order to gain contact to females and to defend his territory was significantly prominent. This aggressive behavior was ignored yet attention was not paid towards this. Beside this, Illustrative Barcode, Nucleotide Sequence, Sequences producing significant alignment, and Distance distribution graph of Acheta domesticus was also presented for correct identification of sibling species.


Most glandular tissues comprise polarized epithelial cells organized around a single central lumen. Although there is active research investigating the molecular networks involved in the regulation of lumenogenesis, little is known about the extracellular factors that influence lumen formation and maintenance. Using a three-dimensional culture system of epithelial endometrial cells, we have revealed a new role for pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha and IL1 alpha in the formation and, more importantly, maintenance of a single central lumen. We also studied the mechanism by which glucocorticoids repress TNF alpha and IL1 alpha expression. Interestingly, regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and subsequent lumen formation is mediated by estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) but not by the glucocorticoid receptor. Finally, we investigated the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of lumen formation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results demonstrate that activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, but not the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, is important for the formation and maintenance of a single central lumen. In summary, our results suggest a novel role for ER alpha-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in lumen formation and maintenance.


Motor solar cell as a power source, for example, always to be driven at the maximum power point of the solar cell, variation in the output voltage of the solar cell by the power-voltage monitoring circuit 51 to the electric motor by solar inverter for driving the pump or fan monitors, when the variation occurs, the output power of the solar cell 1 so as to shift to a point of maximum electric motor 3 by acceleration and deceleration.


Catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysis is strongly dependent on the dispersity of catalytic active sites, and especially a high exposure of the unit active phase is promising for the overall catalytic process. In this study, a novel strategy was developed to fabricate an unprecedented CaO-based mesoporous solid strong base catalyst. Relying on the physicochemical assembly of Ca2+ in the interface between a micelle and siliceous wall, thin-layer-like calcium oxide species were formed in situ and dispersed in the mesochannels of silica. Wherein, the gradual coverage of CaO on the mesoporous wall was controlled by adjusting the amounts of Ca2+ on alkylamine micelles. Interestingly, a novel sponge-like microscale structure of silica was discovered in the CaO-based mesoporous-composites for the first time, which completely differs from the reported mesoporous silica. More importantly, the introducing of a CaO solid base on the pore wall is nearly non-destructive for the textural properties of the mesoporous matrix. The direct template-induced mesoporous solid strong base not only received extremely dispersed and unexpected enhanced strong basic sites (CO2-desorption temperature ≥718 °C), but also avoided repeated thermal processes for the degradation of the basic resource, and saved energy and time. This heterogeneous alkaline catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate under a milder reaction condition (30 °C, 25 min) and holds stability and reusability beyond comparison with the conventional catalysts. The dispersed and enhanced strong basic sites, combined with excellent mesoporous properties, are demonstrated to be responsible for such a high catalytic performance.


OBJECTIVE
To determine frequency and pattern of adverse events reporting in a subset of Pakistani population being treated for chronic hepatitis C with sofosbuvir combination therapy.

STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, from September 2015 to May 2016.

METHODOLOGY
Patients who were offered sofosbuvir therapy for treatment of chronic hepatitis C were randomly enrolled. The study subset included both treatment nave as well as retreatment groups. Patients were screened for subjective as well as objective evidence of adverse events at regular intervals. Frequency was determined.

RESULTS
Among 196 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 192 patients received dual therapy consisting of ribavirin and sofosbuvir. The most frequent complaints in these subjects were fatigue, fever, myalgias and nausea accounting for 55%, 42%, 44.2% and 50%, respectively. Twenty-seven percent of patients reported with drop in hemoglobin of >2g/dl, while absolute neutropenia and moderate to severe thrombocytopenia was observed in 3% and 5% of patients, respectively. One patient died as a result of severe pancytopenia. Later derangements were all observed in patients with decompensated disease.

CONCLUSION
Sofosbuvir showed less severe adverse effects in terms of symptomatology and less frequent neutropenia and thrombocytopenia as compared to previous regimens. Careful monitoring is required, especially in those with decompensated liver disease.


Conversion has played a central role in the history of Christianity. In this first in-depth and wide-ranging narrative history, David W. Kling examines the dynamic of individuals, families, and people groups who turn to the Christian faith. Global in reach, this book progresses from early Christian beginnings in the Roman world to Christianity's expansion into Europe, the Americas, China, India, and Africa. Although conversion is often associated with a particular strand of modern Christianity (evangelical) and a particular type of experience (sudden, overwhelming), it is, when examined over two millennia, a phenomenon far more complex than any one-dimensional profile would suggest. No single, unitary paradigm defines conversion, and no easily demonstrable process accounts for why people convert to Christianity. Rather, a multiplicity of factors—historical, personal, social, geographical, theological, psychological, and cultural—shape the converting process. A History of Christian Conversion not only narrates the conversions of select individuals and peoples. It also engages current theories and models to explain conversion and examines recurring themes in the converting process: gender, agency, motivation, testimony, coercion, self-identity, "true" conversion, music, communication, the body, and divine presence. Accessible to scholars, students, and those with a general interest in conversion, Kling's book is, to date, the most satisfying and comprehensive account of conversion in Christian history; this major work will become a standard must-read in conversion studies.


Background The role of inflammation in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats is not well characterized. Hepcidin is a recently discovered acute‐phase protein (APP) that plays an important role in iron metabolism and contributes to the development of anemia in humans with CKD. Objectives To compare serum APP concentrations, iron status, and erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations in healthy cats and cats with naturally occurring CKD. Animals A total of 18 healthy control cats and 38 cats with CKD. Methods Prospective study. After complete physical examination and routine blood analysis, the following tests were performed: serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (HAP), EPO, serum iron and ferritin concentration as well as total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC). Serum hepcidin‐25 concentration was measured by ELISA kit designed for use in humans. Results Mean SAA and hepcidin concentrations were significantly higher and mean total iron and TIBC were significantly lower in the CKD group (P < .05). There was a significant positive correlation between serum creatinine concentration (CRT) and 2 of the APPs (SAA and hepcidin; P < .05). Increases in SAA and hepcidin were associated with decreases in TIBC and hematocrit in the CKD group. Fourteen (37%) of the cats with CKD were anemic, and these cats had significantly lower TIBC (P < .05), suggesting a functional iron deficiency. There was no association between survival time and APP, iron status, or EPO concentrations. Conclusions Our data suggest that CKD in cats is associated with systemic inflammation and altered iron metabolism. With further validation in cats, hepcidin assays may help better characterize these relationships.


Purpose: We report a case of systemic cystinosis who showed cystine crystal depositions within cornea. Methods: A 13-year-old boy with systemic cystinosis who had chronic renal failure, growth retardation, rickets for 9 years was consulted for ophthalmic examination for photophobia. We performed complete ophthalmic examinations including slit lamp examination, corneal pachymetry, corneal sensitivity test, specular microscopy, corneal topography, and fundoscopic examination. Results: There were needle-like cystine crystal depositions within the entire corneal stroma. Other findings were within normal. Conclusions: We report a case of sytemic cystinosis that had cystine crystal depositions within cornea It is the first case report in Korea.


The proportion of random localized destructive breakdown to stable electroluminescence has been varied continuously by adjusting (1) the recipe used to fabricate dc thin‐film electroluminescent devices and (2) the conditions under which they have been tested. It has been shown that neither simple geometrical artifacts nor migration effects can be responsible for localized destructive breakdown. Rather, it has been established that the experiments require an explanation based on a fundamental tendency for dc thin‐film electroluminescence to be associated with a current‐controlled negative differential resistance which gives rise to filamentary and sometimes destructive current concentration. It is concluded that the existence and origins of such current‐controlled negative differential resistance should be tested by theoretical and materials science studies.


This book details the lives of pioneering women in Southeastern archaeology and culminates with a discussion of the study of gender in the archaeological record. Multiple authors produce lively, fresh, and often very personal accounts of the lives and contributions of the female archaeologists selected for inclusion in this book. The biographical sketches are placed in context by introductory and concluding chapters that address the changing position of women in the field and consider present attempts to engender prehistory. While the work deals only with pioneering females in the archaeology of the Southeastern United States, their struggles, experiences, and perseverance are relayed in such a manner that a non-specialist, or even a non-archaeologist, can enjoy the book. The accounts of the women contain descriptions of their archaeological work and personal background information, which leave the reader with an understanding of the women as complete, multi-faceted individuals. In reading the biographical accounts, it becomes apparent that there is no simple stereotype of the female archaeologist. One interesting contrast among the archaeologists discussed here concerns the role of their spouses. Approximately half of the women's careers were directly influenced in diverse ways by their husbands. The other half, some married and some not, established their careers in archaeology via unique paths without an external, spousal influence. This interesting distinction demonstrates the variety of life courses followed by the pioneering


The redistribution of thallium-201 (201Tl) after coronary vasodilation was studied in 14 dogs with a proximal stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery that did not reduce basal flow but attenuated reactive hypermia. During an 8–10-minute i.v. infusion of adenosine, radioactive microspheres and 201Tl were injected into the left atrium. Sequential cardiac scintiscans and microsphere injections permitted subsequent determination of coronary blood flow during the redistribution of 201Tl. After 15–220 minutes of observation, the dogs were killed and the hearts removed for the measurement of the activity of 201Tl and the radioactive microspheres in the normal (left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD]) and flow-restricted (left circumflex coronary artery [LCX]) regions. The ratios of the activity in LAD/LCX for microspheres (TRmic) and for 201Tl (RT1) were compared with the activity ratio determined from the scintiscan (Rscan). Rmic for the microsphere simultaneously injected with 201Tl can be compared with the initial Rscan, which showed a significant hourly decrease from an initial value of 1.26 ± 0.12 to a mean final value of 1.02 ± 0.09 by 3–4 hours. The final Rscan (mean 1.07 ± 0.10) in each experiment also correlated significantly (r = 0.854) with the final true myocardial RTl (mean 1.26 ± 0.25). Rscan underestimated Rmic (average 2.25 ± 0.48) when both 201Tl and microspheres were simultaneously injected; Riscan also underestimated RTl, but the directional changes were similar. A further analysis of the Rmic, Rscan and RTl in two groups of dogs with either relatively high or low coronary flow during adenosine Infusion suggests that the net loss of cellular 201Tl from the normal scintigraphic area is the mechanism underlying the resolution of these initial defects.


There are two main approaches to solve inverse coefficient determination problems for wave equations: the Boundary Control method and an approach based on geometric optics. These notes focus on the Boundary Control method, but we will have a brief look at the geometric optics as well.


A continuous semigroup of probability generating functions $\mathcal{F}:=(F_t, t\ge 0)$ is used to introduce a notion of discrete semi-selfdecomposability, or $\mathcal{F}$-semi-selfdecomposability, for distributions with support on $\bf Z_+$. $\mathcal{F}$-semi-selfdecomposable distributions are infinitely divisible and are characterized by the absolute monotonicity of a specific function. The class of $\mathcal{F}$-semi-selfdecomposable laws is shown to contain the $\mathcal{F}$- semistable distributions and the geometric $\mathcal{F}$-semistable distributions. A generalization of discrete random stability is also explored.


This paper analyzes the existence of zeros in the US exports potential trade ‡ows that do not exist. The main …ndings are: 1) There are many zeros in trade, around 70% of possible trade relationships do not exist; 2) Zeros are very persistent; 3) The number of zeros increases with distance; 4) The impact of distance on the occurrence of zeros has increased over time; 5) The number of zeros increases faster when the real exchange rate appreciates compared to when it depreciates; 6) The introduction of new products is one of the reasons for the existence of zeros and this happens due to products experimentation; 7) Zeros in trade are not just a result of time aggregation; 8) During internal demand peaks there is no evidence of an increase in the number of zeros, but during internal demand troughs the number of zeros decreases signi…cantly 10% more trade relationships are created on average. JEL classi…cation codes: F10, F14, F19.


Abstract Purpose:To review the evidence that a resting electrocardiogram (ECG) predicts cardiac disease in healthy persons and to discuss the role of this test in screening for coronary artery dise...


Objectives To investigate the expression of cathepsin D in malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) tissues,and to explore the role of cathepsin D in development and progress of MFH,and to provide scientific evidence in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of MFH.Methods The expression of cathepsin D in 65 MFH tissues was examined by immunohistochemical method,and the relation between the protein expression rate and clinical and pathological characteristics was analyzed.Results The positive expression of cathepsin D was located mainly in the cytoplasm.The positive expression rate of cathepsin D were 75.4% in 65 MFH tissues,60.0% in stage I~II,and 88.6% in stage III~IV.There were statistically significant differences(P0.01).The positive expression rate of cathepsin D was significantly correlated with degree of pathological differentiation and life span(P0.01).Conclusions The results demonstrate that cathepsin D may play an important role in the development and progression of MFH.Cathepsin D can be used as an important marker of invasion,metastasis and prognosis.


Philanthropic crowdfunding or donation-based crowdfunding is one of the mediums that can be used by higher education institutions (IPT) to transform and empower students, faculty and staff by securing the funds for projects and initiatives that has been planned. Waqf and sadaqah are two instruments of philanthropic crowdfunding that commonly used in funding any activities or programs in IPT. Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Melaka (UiTMCM) also engaged in crowdfunding practice to finance several projects that has been planned but being adjourned due to insufficient funds. On that notes, this paper investigates the practices of crowdfunding in higher education institutions specifically in UiTMCM. Also, this study examines challenges faced by these institutions that lead to the failure to fulfil the programs that have been planned. Data and information for this study are collected through a semi-structured interview method with four respondents in UiTMCM and reference to the primer and secondary documents. Content analysis method were used in analysing the data. The finding indicates that UiTMCM used Waqf as their instruments of crowdfunding. This instrument of crowdfunding has been proved in helping UITMCM to solve financial shortage without depends solely from the management funds. Furthermore, people are willing to donate for a good purpose. Keywords: Crowdfunding, Higher Education, Waqf


While growth of the computer industry and the computing profession have been phenomenal, this growth has not been accompanied by improved communication between top executives in user organizations and their DP managers about effective use of the new computer-based information technologies. There remains a critical need for ways to demonstrate the impact of computer applications on management's ability to get the best results out of the resources under their control.
 One candidate for solving this communication and evaluation problem is the Business Information Analysis and Integration Technique (BIAIT). It has grown out of some IBM research and is being developed within IBM and by others. The current range of uses covers application development planning and implementation, marketing planning, and organization analysis; other uses are visualized for the future.
 The application development planning approach receiving major attention is called Business Information Control Study (BICS). Based upon the BIAIT principles, the BICS approach produces prompt identification of problem areas having high management visibility and big potential for payoff from use of computers.


The utility model discloses a potential energy differential recovery system for the moving arm of an oil-liquid hybrid power excavator, which comprises a variable displacement pump, a multiway valve, a moving arm cylinder, an operating handle, a controller, a hydraulic control reversing valve, a hydraulic control reversing throttle valve, a hydraulic control unloading valve, an accumulator, an electro-hydraulic proportional valve and a non-return valve, wherein the controller controls the electro-hydraulic proportional valve and the variable displacement pump according to the outlet pressure of the variable displacement pump and the pressure signals of the accumulator, and solves the problems of the flow distribution of the accumulator and the variable displacement pump; the accumulator is an energy storage element, converts the kinetic energy and the potential energy of lowering the moving arm into hydraulic energy, and reasonably allocates the energy of a main power source and an auxiliary power source; and a working device is driven by the pump and the accumulator. In the utility model, a large amount of waste in the lowering energy of the moving arm can be avoided, and energy conversion processes are reduced; and an engine stably operates in a highly-efficient fuel oil region so as to enhance the economical efficiency of the fuel oil of the excavator and reduce system emission.


The frequency and transient behaviours of electrostatically activated MEMS shunt switch networks are investigated. The frequency range 0-40 GHz is considered. A two-dimensional electro-mechanical model of the MEMS switch is solved by a numerical technique based on the finite element method (FEM) solution in a deforming computation domain. The MEMS equivalent electrical circuit is extracted by the FEM solution and is analyzed by a circuit CAD simulator. Transient voltages at the output port of the MEMS switch are computed for different electrogeometrical configurations.


This research aims to investigate the usefulness of a
connected leadership model for sport organizations. The
following research questions were designed: 1) How can
professional sport managers successfully make use of the
developments of new professionalism (Leijnse, Hulst &
Vromans, 2006), the new way of working and managerial
leadership? 2) What are the features of a connected
managerial leadership model? 3) What are the design
principles of an applicable learning environment for
professional sport managers 2.0? 4) What are the
similarities or differences of connected managerial
leadership in traditionally organized sports?


The shock-induced optical emission histories from copper/sapphire interface were measured under two different contact conditions, which simulated the typical situations of pyrometry experiments. Results showed that the "peak" feature of the radiation, previously interpreted as the appearance of so-called high-temperature layer, was nearly diminished by finely polishing and uniformly prepressing technique, and that it is possible to directly measure the equilibrium temperature of bulk metal/window interface. Study also demonstrated that the saturated value of the apparent temperature in nonideal contact situation is related to the color temperature of the shock-induced "bright spot" in sapphire window under megabar pressures.


Determining the event type is one of the main tasks of event extraction (EE). The announcement news released by listed companies contains a wide range of information, and it is a challenge to determine the event types. Some fine-grained event type frameworks have been built from financial news or stock announcement news by domain experts manually or by clustering, ontology or other methods. However, we think there are still some improvements to be made based on the existing results. For example, a legal category has been created in previous studies, which considers violations of company rules and violations of the law the same thing. However, the penalties they face and the expectations they bring to investors are different, so it is more reasonable to consider them different types. In order to more finely classify the event type of stock announcement news, this paper proposes a two-step method. First, the candidate event trigger words and co-occurrence words satisfying the support value are extracted, and they are arranged in the order of common expressions through the algorithm. Then, the final event types are determined using three proposed criteria. Based on the real data of the Chinese stock market, this paper constructs 54 event types (p = 0.927, f = 0.946), and some reasonable and valuable types have not been discussed in previous studies. Finally, based on the unilateral trading policy of the Chinese stock market, we screened out some event types that may not be valuable to investors.


This paper focuses on the coup d'état and the possibility that it may function as a check both on the majoritarian impulse in a democratic society and on an executive who transgresses political norms and slides into authoritarianism. I plan to address whether or not such actions and measures should be seen as appropriate when democratically elected regimes engage in abusive constitutionalism, which is defined by David Landau as an incumbents' constitutional change to entrench their power, modify the constitutional structure to their advantage, and thus undermine the nation's democracy.1 I am particularly interested in the embrace of unconstitutional means…


We study a two-dimensional Ising system under Glauber kinetics with an extrinsic energy barrier, submitted to asymptotically slow continuous cooling. The system will freeze into a nonequilibrium state if an appropriately defined effective time for the cooling schedule does not diverge. Starting in equilibrium beneath the critical temperature Tc, the system freezes into small clusters of flipped spins, with the energy density related to the cooling rate by a power law (for most cooling programs). Cluster-dynamical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations show that, for exponential cooling, the freezing exponent approaches a one-cluster value, which depends upon the energy barrier and the lattice type, via an intermediate regime with a higher effective exponent. Starting in equilibrium above Tc, the frozen state consists of large domains of either phase. Simple interface-dynamical arguments suggest that the frozen correlation function should assume a scaling form, with a (universal) scaling exponent, which is the same as for domain growth after an instantaneous quench. Monte Carlo simulations find evidence for this scaling form at small values of the scaling variable only, suggesting the importance of initial correlations for a very wide regime of cooling rates. In neither case does the temporal evolution of the frozen state follow a Kohlrausch form, suggesting a qualitative distinction from true glassy states.


The article is devoted to the features of interference-resistant processing of electrocardiosignals and the construction of an electrocardiodiagnostic system. Improving the interference immunity in the processing of electrocardiosignals makes it possible to improve the reliability of automatic conclusions and, in the end, improves the quality of cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment. The basic sources, types and characteristics of interference that distort electrocardiosignals are considered. The main issues with electrocardiosignals processing are outlined, promising paths to their resolution are supported, and a redundancy-based strategy for interference-resistant electrocardiosignals processing is proposed. Within the framework of the Hilbert-Huang transform, we propose an approach, that is based on the processing of the energy density surface, formed by the empirical electrocardiosignal modes. The methods and algorithms described in the article are implemented in the system of non-invasive electrocardiographic diagnostics for critical conditions. The developed system allows to reduce the burden on highly qualified cardiologists and to increase the effectiveness of emergency care for cardiovascular system conditions that threaten life.


The report is designed to provide a simple and complete picture of how and why people travel and what the major influences are on their choice of transport. This edition is a revised and updated version of an earlier report and is based on data from the 1978-79 national travel survey. The influence of various factors on the number of journeys made are analysed and the results tabulated according to travel mode, length of journey, purpose, vehicle ownership etc. Analyses are also given of the variations in travel patterns that result from different locational, social and economic characteristics. (TRRL)


Introduction: Dual-phase 99mTc-Medi-MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy is often used for preoperative localization of
primary parathyroid adenomas. The overall accuracy has been reasonably high; however, some false-negative cases
occasionally occur. Two such cases are presented, and the advantages of adding two-phased single-acquisition
diagnostic CT to guide the surgeon are demonstrated.
Case presentations: A 54-year old male was admitted due to persistent elevated parathyroid hormone and
calcium concentrations in the blood despite medical treatment consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism. A dualphase
parathyroid scintigraphy performed 6 months earlier in another hospital was unable to confirm the diagnosis.
There was no change over time in levels of parathyroid hormone and calcium in the blood. In the second case, a 46-
year old woman was examined due to the same symptoms and findings; 18 months earlier she also had no retention
of tracer on late images. In this case, the patient also had had a CT performed, which showed morphological signs
of a parathyroid adenoma. We therefore planned dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy with single-photon emission
computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in the early phase. The low-dose CT was unable to confirm
the impression of slight amounts of tracer uptake and retention at the lower right thyroid pole in both cases. Diagnostic
in both cases, but still with a low dose, the CT revealed a parathyroid adenoma situated in a common parathyroid
location at the lower pole of the right thyroid lobe, where activity retention was seen in late images. The surgeon was
able to perform minimally invasive neck surgery based on accurate anatomical localization of the adenoma.
Conclusion: This case report highlights the potential of two-phase single-acquisition CT as a useful tool in exact
localization of parathyroid adenoma for guiding the surgeon in minimally invasive surgery.


The design and development of a fault-tolerant fiber-optic backplane to demonstrate feasibility of such architecture is presented. The simulation results of test cases on the backplane in the advent of induced faults are presented, and the fault recovery capability of the architecture is demonstrated. The architecture was designed, developed, and implemented using the Very High Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) Hardware Description Language (VHDL). The architecture was synthesized and implemented in hardware using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) on multiple prototype boards.


The analytical solution of ultra-short pulsed elegant-Hermite-Gaussian beams in group velocity dispersive media is obtained.Through an example,propagation properties of ultra-short pulsed elegant-Hermite-Gaussian beams with different propagation distance,pulse duration,and group velocity dispersion are investigated.The spatiotemporal coupling of ultra-short pulsed elegant-Hermite-Gaussian beams in group velocity dispersive media,especially the pulse delay at the beam periphery,is analyzed.


In this article,the static structure of an impeller is analyzed using finite element method.Firstly,UG is used to draw a solid model of the impeller.Then FLUENT is employed to simulate the distribution of oil pressure in the pump and element type solid187 is used to mesh the impeller in software ANSYS.By performing a structural static analysis,the stress distribution within the impeller can be clearly observed.As a result,stress concentration points will be easily found,and the reliability of the impeller is verified.The result attained from the analysis lays a foundation for further mode analysis and transient analysis of the impeller,and provides the necessary data for structure optimization of the impeller.


Short-term exposure of small cotton specimens to nonstandard atmospheric conditions can cause errors in their strength measurements. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of local humidity changes on strength measurements. Two production model high volume instruments were equipped with humidity sensors near their specimen brushing stations. The system from one vendor was more sensitive to short-term humidity cycles (1.15 compared to 0.6 %gf/tex/%RH), while the other system was more sensitive to humidity changes including sample conditioning (1.81 compared to 1.42 %gf/tex/%RH). Both instruments showed a wide range of strength-humidity sensitivities for the 57 cottons surveyed.


Hole and electron transport processes in plasma-polymerized organosilicon films has been investigated by the time of flight method using pulsed electron beam technique. It was found that transport of carriers proceeds via a hopping mechanism. At a temperature about 270 K some changes of the activation energy of mobility and of dispersion parameters were observed. These changes seem to be connected with variation the density and energy distribution of hopping sites which can be related to phase transition.


With the development of China's education to the stage of comprehensive quality education for student groups, colleges and universities pay more and more attention to the comprehensive quality of student groups. Among them, colleges and universities also strengthen the innovation and entrepreneurship education of tourism management specialty on the basis of paying attention to cooperation with enterprises. This paper mainly studies the development and thinking of innovation and entrepreneurship education of Tourism Management Specialty in Colleges and universities on the basis of school enterprise cooperation. According to the research and development, at present, the innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities often needs the cooperation between schools and enterprises, but there are still many problems in the innovation and Entrepreneurship of Tourism Management Major in Colleges and universities on this basis. This paper also puts forward corresponding solutions, hoping to provide reference value for relevant research.


Treatment of 2-chloro-1,3,2-benzodioxastibole with diacyl chlorides afforded cyclic tetraesters in yields depending on ring size. The exclusive formation of dimeric derivatives was obtained using this method. The products were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic (ir, nmr and ms) data.


Grammatical information in ASL can systematically be marked on the face. Such nonmanual marking extends over the c-command domain of the trigger, and therefore provides information about the hierarchical organization of the language. Consistent with evidence available from the distribution of non-manual markings—as illustrated with respect to wh-marking and negation—a basic clausal structure for ASL is proposed. Furthermore, we suggest, contrary to generally accepted claims about ASL, that both Tense and Agreement are structurally present in all ASL main clauses. This analysis allows for a uniform account of the licensing of null subjects in ASL. Evidence in favor of this analysis, and against a dual licensing mechanism (as proposed in Kegl, 1985, and Lillo-Martin, 1986, 1991b), is presented.


Objective:To explore the correlational research between the side effects of therapy and weight in AIDS HAART.Methods:Our hospital courtyard for AIDS patients investigated by HAART therapy in our city,and used HAART therapy of the generation after side effects of patients under going statistics.Analyzed correlational from liver damage,bone marrow inhibition,nerve damage and lactic acidosis aspects and patients with body weight 60 kg.Results:The degree side effects of HAART for AIDS was negatively correlated with body weight.Conclusion:When using HAART therapy,we should pay attention to drug applications.The study of the correlation between AIDS HAART treatment of toxicity and patients' weight below 60 kg provides scientific basis.


The integumental surface of adult S. mansoni was studied by scanning electron microscopy at 50 to 10,000 magnifications. Many spines of variable size cover the inner surface of the oral sucker of the male and extend to the pharyngeal opening. Fewer and smaller globular spines cover the inner surface of the ventral sucker. Bosses of variable size with variable numbers (50 to 250) of spines occur on the greater part of the body surface but not in the gynecophoral canal. The posterior end of the male is devoid of bosses, but spines are freely distributed over the surface. The dorsal body surface is also characterized by papillalike integumental elevations of irregular size, shape, and distribution. These may be associated with clumps of small spines, and in some instances possess a cavity or crater. Larger spines protrude from some of the cavities. The female is free of bosses, but there is a heavy covering of anteriorly directed spines on the posterior part of the body. The structure of the integument of the schistosomes, particularly Schistosoma mansoni, has been investigated employing ultrathin sections suitable for examination in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Senft et al., 1961; Morris and Threadgold, 1968; Silk et al., 1969; Smith et al., 1969). These studies have indicated that the integument is a syncytium made up of a surface layer recognized as a cytoplasmic sheath or matrix, connected by cellular extensions to cell bodies (nuclei) buried in the parenchyma. Additionally, there are ultrastructural objects including mitochondria, cuticular channels, vesicles, and discoid granules. Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes are absent. Contrasted with the abundance of information dealing with subsurface integument, there is a paucity of observations, at comparable magnifications, made on the surface of the schistosome. This is understandable since there was no readily available means of examining the ultrastructure of surfaces other than by utilizing the incalculably small amount of information which could be derived Received for publication 23 March 1972. *Investigation supported by the United StatesJapan Cooperative Medical Science Program administered by the NIAID, NIH, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, under Grant No. 5 R 22 AI-08207. t Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Nassau County Medical Center, East Meadow, New York 11554. t Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Southwest Foundation for Research and Education, San Antonio, Texas 78228. from nonsequential ultrathin TEM sections which pass through the surface. The roughness of the surface of the male S. mansoni and, conversely, the smoothness of the female first was recognized employing light microscopy. By this means it was possible to identify many elevated areas which were designated as tubercles covered with hairs. With the development of TEM came a change in nomenclature, i.e., the tubercles became bosses and the hairs became spines. Additionally, TEM occasionally revealed sections through such surface structures as openings of canaliculi and pores of various types. The present report is concerned with the surface microtopography of the adult S. mansoni as visualized with the scanning electron microcope (SEM). The SEM, with its great depth of field, i.e., at least 200 times that of a light microscope, and its resolution of 200 A or better, provides a means for determining the fine topography of body surfaces. Furthermore, an opportunity is afforded to correlate external features with those internal structures revealed by TEM. Other studies dealing with the ultrastructure of the schistosome surface are in progress and involve the use of specimens of known ages from 1 day to 27 weeks, i.e., from the schistosomule to the mature adults. By this means the maturation of surface structures may be correlated with time. To date, the SEM has been used by Hockley (1968), Johnson and Moriearty (1969), and Robson and Erasmus (1970) to study the surface features of the cercariae of S. mansoni, and by


Abstract:  Available traffic simulation tools for roundabouts are exclusively based on a microscopic framework. This article provides a parsimonious macroscopic model able to replicate the main traffic features occurring at this kind of intersection. Especially, it accounts for time‐limited disruptions on the approach legs due to the insertion process, even when the entry demand does not exceed the merging capacity. It also computes circulating flows that are consistent with vehicle paths induced by the O–D traffic composition. The two‐step validation process using data collected at two different roundabouts is convincing. Moreover, the model appears to be computer‐efficient and has few easy‐to‐calibrate parameters. As a result, it can be easily linked to a traffic simulation package to model a whole urban network.


Presented in this paper is our investigation on the potential of usingexisting natural gas and oil wells in the USA to provide high quality geothermal heat. Geothermal heat is renewable energy that can be used from higher temperature sources for direct heating. In the USA and other less thermally active regions, it is most commonly harvested from shallow ground heat exchangers leveraging seasonal average seasonal temperature to maximize heat pump performance. Drilling deeper would provide higher temperatures, but for most projects the drilling and heat pump are significant costs up to 90% of the total cost of a geothermal system for wells beyond 600m. The state of Pennsylvania has 66,000 active natural gas and oil wells with depths typically greater than 1000m, so how much might we harvest from these wells? Analyzing the recently released data from National Geothermal Data System (NGDS), we found bottom temperatures of 17,467 Pennsylvanian wells with 95% having depths from 1000m to 2500m and 70% having temperatures above 80  ̊F (26.6 ̊C) that could be used in low temperature, low exergy, district heating systems. In this context, linking them to a district heating system would therefore be providing essentially free heat without any drilling costs. This study aims to characterise the geothermal potential that can be exploited and identify potential locations for pilot projects. This is done using criterias including spatially varied demographic profile, heating demand and variable heat loss through possible distribution pipelines. We identified a possible 10% of the heating demand in the state of Pennsylvania could be covered by the 17,476 oil/gas wells should they all become dedicated to geothermal post active-production stage. Cities like Pittsburgh could have a substantial portion of their heating demand supplied. Finally, upon decommissioning, many of these wells often become pathways for methane leakage as sealing is required, but not well incentivised which would be addressed by further utilisation in our proposed district concept.


ABSTRACT This study investigates three hypotheses with respect to workplace aggression--behaviors performed by individuals in order to harm others with whom they work or previously worked: (1) contrary to many media reports, most aggression occurring at work setting does not involve direct, physical assaults; rather, it more typically encompasses relatively subtle (ie., covert) forms of harm-doing behavior; (2) recent changes in many organizations (e.g., downsizing, increased workforce diversity) have generated_conditions that tend to increase the incidence of workplace aggression; (3) workplace aggression is perceived as occurring primarily in a downward direction within organizations so that individuals report being the victim of aggression from supervisors more often than they report aggressing against such targets while the opposite is true with respect to subordinates. A survey of 452 employed persons provided relatively clear support for hypotheses 1 and 2. However, contrary to hypothesis 3, participants reported that they were more frequently the victim than the perpetrator of workplace aggression with respect to subordinates as well as supervisors. INTRODUCTION Corpus Christi, Texas--A former employee opened fire Monday at a refinery inspection company, killing the owner, his wife, and three workers before fatally shooting himself ... "When we arrived we learned ... that a disgruntled employee walked in and started shooting ..." said Assistant Police Chief Ken Bung (Associated Press, July 12, 1995).1 Evandale, Ohio--A fired truck driver who was going after "the one that screwed me over" walked into his former employer's office Friday and shot three people to death, then calmly waited to be arrested, police said. Newark, New Jersey--An ex-postal employee has confessed to slaughtering two of his former colleagues and two customers inside a Montclair, N.J. post office during a robbery for rent money, officials charged ... "He ordered them to lie down and he just shot them," said New Jersey U.S. Attorney Ruth Hochberg (Newsletter, March 23, 1995). Incidence such as these have recently been the focus of a tremendous amount of media attention and, at first glance, this attention appears to be fully justified. Each week, an average of fifteen people are murdered at work in the United States alone, a total of more than 7,600 during the past ten years (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1993). During 1992, the last year for which complete data are currently available, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that 1,004 employees were murdered on the job--a rate more than one-third higher than the annual average during the 1980s. In fact, homicide is currently the second leading cause of death in the workplace, with transportation accidents being the leading cause (Rigdon, 1994). Further, it has been suggested that workplace homicide is the fastest growing form of murder in the United States (Filipczak, 1993). Taken at face value, these statistics seem to suggest that current public concern with workplace violence is fully appropriate. Closer examination of existing data on the occurrence of workplace violence, however, points to somewhat different conclusions. First, a large majority of such violence occurs in connection with the robberies and related crimes (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1994). In other words, contrary to popular belief, most workplace violence does not involve instances such as those described above, in which angry employees suddenly open fire on co-workers or supervisors. Rather, it occurs when individuals are attacked by persons from outside their workplace who have entered it for criminal purposes. Second, recent surveys indicate that, while many individuals report that they have experienced harassment from others at work--actions that create a hostile work environment but do not results in physical harm--much smaller proportions (approximately 7% and 3%, respectively, report that they have been threatened with physical harm or actually experienced such events (Northwestern National Life Insurance Company, 1993). …


Music prepared me to become a mathematician," said young researcher Charles Gray during the opening ceremony of the 7th Heidelberg Laureate Forum. Gray studied and taught classical piano for 20 yea...


Can Xue introduces "appreciation of the ugly" into the literary world of modern China.Her works are modern and do not follow traditional narrative modes.They are existent,difficult to understand and distant to the readers.Can Xue's artistic charm brings the readers into an illusive world.


Aims and Objectives: The benefits of dual-language immersion (DLI) versus English-only classrooms for minority-language speakers' acquisition of English have been well documented. However, less is known about the effect(s) of DLI on majority-language speakers' native English skills. Prior studies largely used accuracy-focused measures to index children's language skills; it is possible that processing-based tasks are more sensitive to the effects of DLI experience. Methodology: Thirty-three monolingual native English-speaking children attending English-only classrooms and thirty-three English-speaking children attending English-Spanish DLI matched in age, gender, nonverbal IQ, and socio-economic status were tested twice, 1 year apart, on standardized and processing-based measures of English vocabulary and morphosyntax. Analysis: We ran linear mixed-effects models to examine the extent to which group and time would predict scores on knowledge-based measures of vocabulary and morphosyntactic knowledge, as well as accuracy and reaction times on processing-based measures of English vocabulary and morphosyntax. Findings: Results revealed comparable levels of growth in English for both groups. A subtle effect of DLI was observed on a lexical-decision task: bilinguals were slower in Year 1 but both groups were equally efficient in Year 2. These results indicate that DLI programs have minimal impact on majority-language speakers' native-language skills in the age-range tested. Originality: This study is the first to longitudinally examine processing-based native language outcomes in bilingual children in DLI classrooms. Significance: We do not find evidence that DLI exposure carries a cost to native language development, even when indexed by processing measures. This should reassure parents, educators, and policymakers in that there are no downsides to DLI.


In motion planning for autonomous racing, the challenge arises in planning smooth trajectories close to the handling limits of the vehicle with a sufficient planning horizon. Graph-based trajectory planning methods can find the global discrete-optimal solution, but they suffer from the curse of dimensionality. Therefore, to achieve low computation times despite a long planning horizon, coarse discretization and simple edges that are efficient to generate must be used. However, the resulting rough trajectories cannot reach the handling limits of the vehicle and are also difficult to track by the controller, which can lead to unstable driving behavior. In this paper, we show that the initial edges connecting the vehicle's estimated state with the actual graph are crucial for vehicle stability and race performance. We therefore propose a sampling-based approach that relies on jerk-optimal curves to generate these initial edges. The concept is introduced using a layer-based graph, but it can be applied to other graph structures as well. We describe the integration of the curves within the graph and the required adaptation to racing scenarios. Our approach enables stable driving at the handling limits and fully autonomous operation on the race track. While simulations show the comparison of our concept with an alternative approach based on uniform acceleration, we also present experimental results of a dynamic overtake with speeds up to 74 m/s on a full-size vehicle.


The invention relates to a technique for processing dried salted fish, in particular to a technique for processing delicious fresh dried salted fish. The technique for processing the delicious fresh dried salted fish comprises the steps of slaughtering fresh carps, and performing rinsing, curing, flushing for desalinization, air-drying and the like. The delicious fresh dried salted fish has fresh and delicious taste, can be eaten directly after opening a bag, is convenient to carry, and is easy to preserve.


Every spring since it was first noticed in 1947, the first-generation immature stages of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), has suffered some mortality in peach orchards of the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario. Sometimes this mortality was negligible but in the cold, wet spring of 1949 it reached 80 per cent in some orchards. Mortality of similar extent has not been noticed on other hosts of the mite at this season; counts of a thousand or more living and dead mites on young shoots of each host at Vineland Station on May 16, 1957, showed apparent mortalities of 53 per cent on Elberta peach, 7 per cent on Italian prune, and 8 per cent on Melba apple. The mortality on peach leaves is difficult to determine, for if the mites are examined too early, many of those killed in the quiescent, premoulting condition cannot be distinguished from living ones, and if they are examined too late, the survivors may have suffered mortality from other causes.


This study assesses compliance with medical waste management practice in hospitals across urban Bauchi. Ten hospitals were randomly selected in each  ward, representing the ten administrative wards of urban Bauchi, in which 148 set of questionnaires were administered among the waste handlers in the  selected hospitals. In addition, the heads of units in each of the selected hospitals were interviewed. The results were compared with standard guidelines  stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO). It was revealed that the main treatment and disposal method in 50% of the hospitals were  incineration and deep burial which were mostly in compliance with the stipulated guidelines. In the remaining 50% of the hospitals, the dominant  treatment and disposal methods used were general collection of the waste, open dumping and burning. This is of significant concern because open  dumping and open burning are not sustainable practices. Therefore, the study recommends that waste handling manual be developed and provided to  all waste handlers to guide on handling medical waste properly.


Automobile self-ignition is a phenomenon of vehicle burned locality or entirely, without combustion source from surrounding. The article studies the course for automobile self-ignition, and give out suggestions for prevention.The study can be referenced by professionals or provide to customers for learn.


From a commercial perspective, gentrification —understood as a class and social restructuration process— can be observed as a procedure in which commercial activity is focused on high-income groups, the result being the substitution of this kind of activity in terms of the participation of traders and the supply of products —a situation that is clearly identified in municipal markets. In this way, there is a dissemination of a market-oriented "model" which, apart from meeting the food requirements of a given neighborhood, creates leisure areas. Such a transformation was preceded by a discourse that uses the deterioration of amenities and the decline of commercial activity as an excuse to transform the market. This paper offers two case studies. The San Anton market, which is an old commercial space that was transformed into a space focused on the provision of gourmet and restoration services. The second case refers to the Los Mostenses market, which through a discourse of deterioration and decline has been transformed into a leisure space.


In recent literature on persons with learning disabilities (LD), speech recognition has been addressed primarily as an assistive technology to compensate for writing difficulties. However, prior research by the authors has shown that speech recognition may have a remedial effect on reading and spelling. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of two types of speech recognition systems, discrete speech and continuous speech, in terms of their relative remedial effects. Thirty-nine students with LD (aged 9-18) had participated in a previous study. Nineteen had used discrete speech systems for 50 minutes a week for sixteen weeks to write on self-selected topics, while twenty students in a control group had received general computer instruction. In the following semester, an additional experimental condition was added. Thirteen participants used continuous speech recognition systems 50 minutes a week for sixteen weeks to write on self-selected topics. Results were then compared across all three groups. Both discrete and continuous speech groups showed significant improvement in word recognition (p<.002, p<.018) and reading comprehension (p<.043, p<.041) over the control group and the discrete condition also showed significant improvement in spelling (p<.015). Pre- and post-tests on five reading-related cognitive processing measures (phonological, orthographic and semantic processing, metcognitive reading strategies, and working memory) indicated that only phonological processing improved significantly, and only for the discrete speech group when compared to controls (p<.04). Results were related to specific differences between continuous and discrete speech systems in terms of the task requirements for generating and correcting text using the two systems.


The supply chain of online digital contents industry differs much from the supply chain of offline industry which produces and supplies physical products. Portal facilitates the creation, distribution, and usage of online digital contents by providing efficient and convenient content distribution platform to contents suppliers and users, resulting in enhancing competitiveness of portal supply chain. Each portal builds it`s own supply chain and various participant firms like CPs(Content Providers) and SPs(Solution Providers) are collaborating together to survive from the fierce competition. However, there is few research work on portal SCM to explain how to design and implement a Portal SCM in a successful way. So, this paper investigates the structure of Portal SCM and the differences between traditional SCM and Portal SCM. Also, this paper proposes seven research issues need to be addressed to design and implement a portal in an efficient and effective way.


The present invention discloses an air element, an air cleaner, an intake system and a method for vertical use and maintenance of the filter. The air filter element comprises a filter structure, and a filter element seal trap. Filter structure comprises a dirty air inlet and a clean air outlet of the filter media pack, wherein the air flow through the clean air outlet of the flow along the first axial direction, and the clean air outlet structure defining a cross-sectional area of the filter. Elbow having a first end, is configured to extend from the clean air outlet filter structure; a second end, wherein the second end of the air flowing along the second axial direction flow; and, toward the end of the first bend the second end of the elbow air flow shroud. Air flow comprises a cowl is configured to direct air toward the air deflecting portion second axial direction from a first axial direction, wherein the second axial direction different from the first axial direction, and a first end of the elbow bend space between the second inner tube end. The filter element is a filter element seal member disposed on the second end of the bend, wherein the filter element is a sealing member configured to seal the air inlet to the clean air, is provided on the second end defining a bend seal seal cross-sectional area. The filter element can be characterized by the cross-sectional area of the filter structure to seal a cross-sectional area of at least 0.5. Z- filter element having a pleated filter media pack for the media pack. The filter element can extend at an angle of at least 10 degrees in the first axial direction relative to the air deflecting unit. Air deflecting unit may include a projecting portion surrounded by the concave portion, the access cover can include a recessed portion receiving the projecting portion of the air deflecting unit, and the access cover includes a protruding portion may be housed in an air deflecting portion recessed portion. The air cleaner may be provided with a secondary filter element and a recessed portion recessed portion receiving air deflection member may comprise a portion of the secondary filter. Secondary filter element may include a protruding portion extending into the projecting portion of the air deflecting unit.


The upregulation of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with significantly decreased survival in patients. We have previously demonstrated that glioma-derived IDO1 is required for Treg accumulation and immune-evasion of brain tumors in the immunocompetent intracranial GL261 model of GBM. Notably, IDO1-deficient (IDO1-/-) mice bearing GL261 brain tumors have no deficit in tumor-infiltrating Treg levels and an overall survival similar to wild-type (WT; IDO1-competent) mice. Since IDO1 is associated with the catabolic conversion of tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn), combined with recent clinical efforts aimed at inhibiting IDO1, we sought to determine the enzymatic contribution of IDO1 in brain tumors. WT and IDO1-/- mice intracranially-injected IDO1-competent or -deficient GL261 cells were analyzed by HPLC to determine total Trp and Kyn levels in the serum and brain. Indicative of enzymatic activity, naive (non-tumor bearing) WT mice possessed a Kyn/Trp ratio in the serum and brain of 2.44 ± 0.09 and 2.22 ± 0.32, respectively, which was significantly higher than in IDO1-/- mice (0.374 ± 0.09 and 0.834 ± 0.05, respectively) (P < 0.01; n = 5-6/group). Unexpectedly, WT mice bearing 2 week post-intracranially-injected (2wp-ic.) IDO1-competent and -deficient GL261 tumors possessed a brain Kyn/Trp ratio of 2.04 ± 0.05 and 1.88 ± 0.17, respectively, which was not significantly different from one another. In contrast, IDO1-/- mice bearing 2wp-ic. IDO1-competent and -deficient tumors possessed a brain Kyn/Trp ratio of 0.77 ± 0.06 and 0.72 ± 0.03, respectively, which was not different from one another, but significantly decreased when compared to respective tumors from WT mice (P < 0.01; n = 4-7/group). To the best of our knowledge, these novel findings suggest for the first time that, IDO1 does not behave as a tryptophan catabolic enzyme in brain tumor cells. Given the indispensable role of IDO1 in mediating immune-evasion to GBM, we are currently pursuing this mechanism.


Alfred Schmidt,the exponent of western Marxist,on the base of social critical theory of Frankfurt School,insists on that Marxism is critical theory,that is,"critical materialism".In his eye,Marxism is of nature of non-ontology.Schmidt's understanding of Marx and Marxism emphasizes the social historical character of the concept of nature of Marx and he argues that the philosophy of Marx aims at the criticism of"the second nature of nature"and the nonidentity of the subject and the object.


On the basis of the analytic solution of temperature field analysis for detecting a single seepage passage suggested by the authors,a new analytic solution for multiple seepage passages is established by means of superposition principle.The Bursa-Wolf model is used to implement the coordination transformation and the model applying the reverse analysis for detecting multiple concentrated seepage pessages is established.The model is applied to analyze the seepage problem occurred to the earth dam of Douhe Reservoir.The model is simplified as a plane model for temperature detection of multiple cylindrical seepage passages.First,the fitting of the measurement data of single concentrated seepage is carried out,and then the residual errors of every measurement data point relative to the fitting curve can be calculated and used to establish the cubic spline interpolation curve of the errors.The amount of concentrated seepage passages can be directly determined consequently.The analysis result shows that three obvious temperature wave troughs happen to the dam.The three seepage passages located at the left abutment of the dam are accurately determined by optimized calculation method accordingly.This result is in good agreement with the situation of in-situ investigation.


A study was conducted to empower potentialwriters includes basic education teacher to plan and write science literacy-oriented material, focused on preparing Guidance in Arranging Science Literacy-Oriented Material for Basic Education. Science Literacy taken from Latin words literatus (which means marked by letters, literate, or educated), and scientia (which means having knowledge). Based on today's phenomenon that teacher's comprehension on science study upon the establishment of student's science literacy, has to be improve, and based on the report of Trend of International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in 2007 on mathematics ability, a study by Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2006 on scientific literacy, and study by PILRS (Programme of International Reading Literacy Study) on reading ability. In Indonesia student's abilities based on those three international study have to be elevated. The education development and engineering. Has been chosen with the involvement of teachers considered representing sample characteristic. It has been used eight data collecting instruments for teacher comprehension on the student's science literacy test, questionnaire, observation sheet, guideline interview guidance sheet, the guidance on arranging materialevaluation sheet, and for validation sheet. Based on the phenomenon, theoretical& synthetic study, eleven references have been decided as guidance in arranging science literacy-oriented material for basic education: 1) the advisability of the material content, 2) the purpose of arranging material, 3) the concept clarity, 4) the curriculum compatibility, 5) attracts student's interest, 6) develops motivation and stimulates student's activity, 7) picture presentation, 8) communicative, logic and systematic, 9) contextual, 10) respects differences, and 11) placing values. Guidance used by teacher, and material arranged by teacher empirically examined through a study process and validated by expert (using Cochran Q test) has shown significant, was followed up by perfecting. The result of both tests shows that the guidance in arranging science literacy-oriented material for basic education is ready to use by potential writers and education teachers.


OBJECTIVE
To understand the nutritional status and related factors of Tujia and Miao minority primary school students in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture and to provide refrence for the improvement of minority students' nutritional status.

METHODS
By the method of layered and random sampling, physique test and questionnaire survey were taken to 682 Tujia students and 420 Miao students, the nutritional level of students were estimated by the method of height with standard weight. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of nutritional status.

RESULTS
The moderate malnutrition rate was 4.54% and the obesity rate was 11.43%. Logistic regression analysis showed that monthly income per capita (OR = 1.368, 95% CI 1.135-1.648) and culture level of fathers (OR = 1.332, 95% CI 1.108-1.602) were independent risk factors of malnutrition, children with family obesity history (OR =7.688, 95% C15. 134-11.513), monthly income per capita (OR = 1.516, 95% CI 1.204-1.910) and culture level of fathers (OR = 1.466, 95% CI 1.164-1.846 ) were independent risk factors of overnutrition.

CONCLUSION
Malnutrition and overnutrition exist in Tujia and Miao students at the same time, family obesity history, monthly income per capita and culture level of fathers are factors of malnutrition and overnutrition. Nutritional education should be taken universal to students and their guardians.


To decrease the energy consumption of buildings, PCMs (Phase Change Materials) with high latent heat are incorporated to a TABS (Thermally Activated Building System) with hollow spheres. TABSs with hollow spheres, which are expected to reduce the weight of the slab and hence enable economic construction of a building, have been shown to have a good performance in heat storage and to provide a timelag effect, which can reduce the peak thermal load in a building. Addition of PCMs may positively affect the heat storage capacity of a TABS by playing a supplementary role. In this study, we analyse the heat transfer characteristics of a TABS using hollow spheres containing PCMs. Due to the hollow spheres and the PCMs inside, the heat transfer problem becomes three-dimensional (3D) and nonlinear. The 3D nonlinear problem is solved by a FEM (Finite Element Method) software package. We present the thermal performance of the TABS analyzed for various geometries and parameters.


SUMMARY

Comparative studies were made of two isolates of the Egyptian strain of the maize stalk-rot bacterium (Erwinia carotovora f. zeae Sabet), one isolate of the Indian strain of the same pathogen, two isolates of the cause of stalk rot in U.S.A. named E. maydis, and several isolates of E. carotovora from different hosts and different parts of the world. It was shown that these pathogens are closely related in their cultural and morphological characters but somewhat variable in certain biochemical reactions. They agree in their pathogenicity and relation to environment. The differences between E. maydis of Kelman, Person & Hebert (1957) and E. carotovora were found to be well within strain variation and do not justify the creation of a new species. The stalk-rot bacteria from U.A.R., India and U.S.A. are distinguished by their ability to attack certain graminaceous plants which no other strain of E. carotovora can infect. It is concluded on this ground that the name originally adopted by Sabet (1954), i.e. E. carotovora f. zeae should be maintained and applied to the organism causing stalk rot in U.S.A.


Two patients developed, or demonstrated, polyps of the small intestine plus adenocarcinoma, one in the jejunum, the other in the ileum, many years after colectomy for multiple intestinal polyposis. This experience, which appears to be an original observation, leads to the conclusion that the small intestines of those with multiple intestinal polyposis must be examined initially and periodically.


Two cases of nasal skin necrosis secondary to pressure from the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) face masks are presented. Both developed skin necrosis as a result of wearing these masks over the nasal bridge. These cases highlight the need for clinical vigilance in application of CPAP masks, the need for monitoring the skin of the nose during CPAP use and the possible need for modifications in design to help prevent this serious complication.


In this paper we consider the development of an optimal fuzzy fractional PD + I controller in which the parameters are tuned by a Genetic algorithm (GA). Fuzzy control is an intelligent control methodology that mimics human thinking and reacting in order to improved the performance of systems. On the other hand, GA can reach exact or approximate solutions to optimization and search problems. In this line of thought, the performance of the proposed fuzzy fractional control is illustrated through two application examples.


Our series of profiles about entrepreneurs in IEEE Engineering Management Review features movers and shakers in the technology industries. Entrepreneurship requires leaders who are innovative, proactive, and risk-takers – people who embrace the technology as well as the business of start-ups. In these articles, we provide a look at the innovative thought processes and practices of these entrepreneurs – what got them where they are today. We also share lessons learned as the entrepreneurs created and grew their ventures. Many of these entrepreneurs will be attending Technology and Engineering Management Society events over the next couple years. Take the opportunity to meet them as you can, especially if you are thinking about launching your own new venture. Our featured entrepreneur for this article is Yael Schwartz.


The band model of luminescence in a stationary state having two systems of electron traps and one system of hole traps is discussed. It is supposed that the number of hole traps is much smaller than the number of electron traps. It is also proposed that the number of electrons in the conduction band and the number of holes in the valence band are much smaller than the number of trapped electrons and holes. On this basis are obtained formulas for calculating the number of ionized centers of luminescencen and the number of electrons in the conduction band. A formula is also obtained for calculating temperature dependence of quantum yield of luminescence. It is shown that the power of superlinearity for luminescence 3 and for photoconductivity - 2 may be expected on the basis of these formulas. (auth)


The consistency of entangling operations between qubits is essential for the performance of multi-qubit systems, and is a crucial factor in achieving fault-tolerant quantum processors. Solid-state platforms are particularly exposed to inconsistency due to the materials-induced variability of performance between qubits and the instability of gate fidelities over time. Here we quantify this consistency for spin qubits, tying it to its physical origins, while demonstrating sustained and repeatable operation of two-qubit gates with fidelities above 99% in the technologically important silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (SiMOS) quantum dot platform. We undertake a detailed study of the stability of these operations by analysing errors and fidelities in multiple devices through numerous trials and extended periods of operation. Adopting three different characterisation methods, we measure entangling gate fidelities ranging from 96.8% to 99.8%. Our analysis tools also identify physical causes of qubit degradation and offer ways to maintain performance within tolerance. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of qubit design, feedback systems, and robust gates on implementing scalable, high-fidelity control strategies. These results highlight both the capabilities and challenges for the scaling up of spin-based qubits into full-scale quantum processors.


"A child's understanding of the world is acquired through exploration of all the senses. And among all the senses, touch is the most commonly used. Touch completes visual and auditory sensations by adding further information to help us learn about our surroundings." -- p. 3.


Cassava has a variety of uses, including food, animal feed, and as an industrial raw material for a variety of products. Cassava is more resistant to global climate change, so it will be the food source of the future. Land for cassava cultivation will shift to marginal land in the medium and highlands as a result of land conversion because it cannot compete with high-value food commodities. Based on this, cassava that is adapted to land at medium to high altitudes is required (at least 700 m asl). The results showed that of the 44 clones tested and two control varieties, clone 344 (55.07 t.ha-1) produced the highest tuber yield (2.11 times that of the control varieties). Clones 344 had the highest harvest index of 0.6, the highest dry matter content of 44.18%, the highest starch content of 22.08%, and the highest starch yield of 12.17 t.ha-1. Clones 368 (41.8 t.ha-1), 584 (47.09 t.ha-1), 222 (40.01 t.ha-1), 712 (42.46 t.ha-1), and 183 also had tuber yields greater than 40 t.ha-1 and relatively high branching (42.90 t.ha-1). Tuber yield averaged 17.76 t.ha.-1 for two control varieties.


Plant biomass is efficiency decomposed by a great number of different microbial enzymes. The enzyme systems in cellulolytic bacteria have been genetically improved via plasmid transfer and genome shortening. In this study six conjugations were done between six parental strains carrying the opposite genetic markers from which 18 transconjugants were evaluated for biodegradation of cellulose. Three strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii were used as recipients against Bt and Serratia strains expressing cellulose activity as donors. The wild type strains of Bacillus thuringiensis and Rhizobium encoded significant cellulose biodegradation after genome shortening. In addition, all transconjugants resulted from the mating between Bt 1 and Rh 11 expressed significant cellulase activities after curing. In constrant, all transconjugants results from the mating between Bt 2 x Rh 6 and Bt 2 x Rh 11 appeared insignificant differences in cellulase activity before and after curing. Meanwhile, the parental strains Rh 6 and Rh 11 expressed significant cellulase activity after curing. Furthermore, all transconjugants resulted from the mating between Sm x Rh 6 and Sm x Rh 15 encoded significant cellulase activity after curing. This work provides efficiently encoded cellulases in genome shortening mutants than in the wild type. The enzymes encoded in this study represented that cellulase expressing genes were located on the bacterial chromosome and plasmids. Though, plant infection of legumes was affected by Rhizobia cellulases which considered as important determinant in nodulation process.


Data usage across the internet is growing exponentially, fueled primarily by the move to cloud computing and penetration of streaming services into developing countries. To address the growing energy needs of data centers, we propose an all oxide plasmon assisted electro-optic modulator, which features enhanced light-matter interaction, and compact sizes as seen in plasmonic modulators while at the same time maintaining low insertion losses, as seen in photonic modulators. This is achieved by utilizing a device design that selectively engages and disengages the lossy plasmonic component, as the device switches from low transmission to high transmission modes.


In its first part the article reminds the reader of the most frequently used units of pressure and relations used for their conversion into the SI system. The second part deals with the concepts absolute pressure and overpressure. The third and final part defines stutic pressure, dynamic pressure and total pressure of flowing gas. The article intends to point at some most occurring inaccu racies and unclear points and lay down recommendati ons for their prevention. The author relies on its practi cal experience gained in his position of a compressor designer.


Purpose - The paper aims to discuss whether the younger generation of China's rural labor force is prepared, in terms of education level or labor quality, for the future labor markets under China's industrial upgrading. Design/methodology/approach - Using nationally representative survey data, the paper gives detailed discussions on the young rural laborers' education attainments, and their off-farm employment status including job patterns, working hours, and hourly wage rates. The relationship between education and employment status is analyzed and tested. Through these discussions, an employment challenge is revealed, and some policy implications are made. Findings - This paper finds that China's young rural laborers are generally poorly educated and mainly unskilled. They work long hours and are low paid. While they lack the labor quality that will be required to meet the industrial upgrading, an employment challenge may face them in the near future. This paper also finds a strong link between education levels and employment status for the young labor force, which implies the possible effect of policies such as improving rural education. Originality/value - Based on a solid foundation of a national rural household survey, this paper updates the understanding of the education and employment situations of the young rural labor force in contemporary China. The concern about the employment challenges raised in the paper is related to the future of China's rural labor transition and the whole economy.


reflect the official position of the Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture (CELA), and its printing and distribution does not constitute an endorsement of views which may be expressed. Citation of this work should state that it is from a CELA conference paper. EXAMPLE: Author's Last Name, Initials. 2018. Title of Paper. Blacksburg, Virginia: CELA. For information about securing permission to reprint or reproduce this paper, please contact CELA at firstname.lastname@example.com SUPPORTING INFORMED COASTAL LANDSCAPES: AN ASSESSMENT OF PREFERENCES IN CAROLINA TIDAL CREEK COMMUNITIES


Theorists and researchers have long debated as to whether the differences between subthreshold levels of eating disturbances and diagnosable eating disorders are a difference of degree (the continuum hypothesis) or a difference of kind (the discontinuity hypothesis). The present study investigated the relationship between level of eating disordered behaviour and the psychopathology associated with, and thought by some to be prodromal factors in, the development of clinically diagnosable eating disorders. Adolescent female students from both public and private schools, and adolescent female patients in treatment for subclinical or full syndrome anorexia or bulimia nervosa, were classified into five groups (asymptomatic, normal, symptomatic, subclinical, and eating disordered) on the basis of their responses to a questionnaire which provides a measure of current weight-control practices and yields a DSM-IV eating disorder diagnosis. Eating disorder symptomatology and related psychopathology were assessed by the Eating Disorder Inventory-2. A discriminant function analysis was performed to determine the number and nature of the dimensions required to distinguish among the five groups. Two functions were significant. The first function, thinness strivings, distinguishes among the normal, symptomatic, and subclinical groups; the asymptomatic group was equivalent to the normal group, and the eating disordered group was equivalent to the subclinical group. The second function, body dissatisfaction/psychopathology, distinguishes the eating disordered group from the subclinical group, and the asymptomatic group from the normal group. Results are discussed as being consistent with a view of eating disorders as being distinct from below-threshold levels of eating disturbances, and implications for assessment and treatment are discussed.


survey was comprised of 16 closed-ended questions each measured on a five-point Likert scale. These questions asked how valuable and useful people found the various sections of the journal, how much of each issue they read, if they had attended an OB Teaching Conference, sent a manuscript to EXCHANGE for review and how satisfied they were with the review process, why people did not subscribe to EXCHANGE, and the like. In addition, there were seven open-ended questions which covered such topics as what they wanted to see changed, or improved, or added to the