To investigate the prevalence of endoparasite infestations in a feral horse population roaming in the Danube Delta in Rumania, 96 fresh fecal samples were collected in May and November 2012. The combined sedimentation flotation technique was used to find worm eggs, additionally a bulk sample were examined with the Benedek`s method. The number of Strongyle eggs were determined by e modified Mc Master method. In this study, only eggs from strongyles and acarids were found in the feces. All horses were infected with strongyles, whereas the mean prevalence of Parascaris equorum infestation was 22%. Fecal egg counts showed variability in strongyle egg excretion and differed significantly (p= 0.05) between May and November, which might have been influenced from the previous winter. The present study underlines the phenomenon of a potentially over-dispersed worm burdens and demonstrates the high prevalence of strongyles in naturally infected horses


Tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonin-2,7-dione (2a) has been used as a precursor in the synthesis of dibenzo[b,f ][1,5]diazacyclododecene and dibenzo[b,g][1,6]diazacyclododecene ring systems 4 and 5, respectively, via periodate oxidation of the appropriate indolo-benzo[b]azonines 3 and 7. The synthesis of hexahydro-benzo[b][1,4]diazecin-2,7-dione (10) has been achieved by the Schmidt reaction of 2a. The periodate oxidation of 9,9′-methylenebis(2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole) (11) afforded 1,1′methylenebis(3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonin-2,7-dione) (12). Its 6,6′-methylenebis isomer 13 was obtained by treating 2a with formaldehyde. Oxidation of 16 gave the unsymmetrical bi(benzo [b]azonine) 17. The Mannich reaction of 2a led to a mixture of its 6-methylene derivative 19 and the spirocyclic system 20. The reactions of 2a with aldimines and aromatic aldehydes were also investigated.


The purposes of this study were (a) to explore and compare two methods for obtaining individualized fit in patterns which might be used as individualized slopers for flat pattern design courses and (b) to assess whether a better fit could be achieved with the use of a computerized pattern rather than a basic fitting pattern adjusted to individual measurements. The latter is designated as the traditional method for obtaining an individualized sloper. Data were obtained from a comparison of the fit of garments made from the two types of patterns. Students assigned to two sections of the Dress Design and Construction I course offered during the spring semester, 1974, at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro participated in the study.


Objective To explor the efficacy and safety of combination of Yanhuning and Azithromycin in treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children.Methods Ninty-six patients with Mycoplasma pneumonia were randomly divided into two groups 48cases in each and two groups were also given symptomatic and supportive treatment.One control group received azithromycin,azithromycin addition to the observation group,the same point of Yanhuning freeze-dried powder,treatment 5 ~ 7d the treatment effect were compared in two groups.Results The observation group disappearance time cough,fever and pulmonary rales time less than the control group,the total effective observation group was significantly higher,with there was a significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Yanhuning and azithromycin treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children with good clinical efficacy and safety,it is widely used in clinical.


This survey reviews portfolio choice in settings where investment opportunities are stochastic due to, e.g., stochastic volatility or return predictability. It is explained how to heuristically compute candidate optimal portfolios using tools from stochastic control, and how to rigorously verify their optimality by means of convex duality. Special emphasis is placed on long-horizon asymptotics, that lead to particularly tractable results.


Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) S22, grown in a greenhouse in phosphorus-deficient soil in pots was given 40 and 160 mg N/kg of soil (as ammonium nitrate) and 5, 25 and 100 mg P/kg of soil (as calcium tetrahydrogen diorthophosphate). Giving more nitrogen increased yields only when adequate phosphorus was applied. A significant response to added phosphorus was obtained when ryegrass dry matter contained about 0.15% P or less. Nitrogen increased the amount of sugars but decreased that of fructosan. Phosphorus increased the production of both sugars and fructosan. Protein N (expressed as a percentage of total N) increased with increasing amounts of phosphorus given. The largest values for protein N were obtained when grass contained about 0.3 % P in the dry matter. In phosphorus-deficient grass nitrate-N accumulated and the predominant compounds within the free amino acid fraction were asparagine and glutamine. Adding phosphorus decreased the concentrations of both nitrate-N and the amides. The amino acid composition of the grass protein was not affected by the nitrogen and phosphorus treatments.


Mathematics has a special place in society, due to its long term traditional importance in all developed societies, and enhanced by its central role in science and engineering (Skovsmose, 2000). The impact of new technologies might eventually cause a reappraisal of its significance. Mathematics is likely to remain an important ingredient in the creation of informed citizenry. There are frequently made statements reporting increased demands on thinking and problem solving skills, many of which are embedded in mathematical thinking. This places mathematics at the centre of any debate about equity and inclusion, increasingly significant issues as the world becomes more 'global' and societies more inter-dependent.


This technical report describes the process of development and piloting of reading comprehension measures that are appropriate for seventh-grade students as part of an online progress screening and monitoring assessment system, http://easycbm.com. Each measure consists of an original fictional story of approximately 1,600 to 1,900 words with 20 multiple choice questions assessing students' literal, inferential, and evaluative comprehension skills. Three answer options are provided for each question: correct, near correct, and far correct. All measures were piloted with seventh-grade students whose teachers responded to the pilot invitation on the official easyCBM website. The data were analyzed using one parameter Item Response Theory (IRT) modeling. Complete results of the pilot testing are presented and discussed. Grade 7 Comprehension – Page 1 The Development and Technical Adequacy of Seventh-Grade Reading Comprehension Measure in a Progress Monitoring Assessment System In this technical report, we describe the process of development and piloting of reading comprehension measures as part of an online screening and progress monitoring assessment system developed in 2006 for use with students in Kindergarten through eighth grade (Alonzo, Tindal, Ulmer, & Glasgow, 2006). We begin with a brief overview of the two conceptual frameworks underlying the assessment system: progress monitoring and developmental theories of reading. We then provide context for how the comprehension measures fit into the full assessment system. Additional technical reports provide similar information about measures of early literacy (Alonzo & Tindal, 2007a) and fluency (Alonzo & Tindal, 2007b). In addition, the following reports present the results of technical adequacy studies of the measures developed for use in the primary grades (Lai et al., 2010; Jamgochian et al., 2010) and with upper elementary and secondary students (Sáez et al., 2010). Conceptual Framework: Progress Monitoring and Literacy Assessment Early work related to curriculum-based measurement (CBM) led by Deno and Mirkin at the University of Minnesota (1977) was instrumental in promoting the use of short, easilyadministered assessments to provide educators with information about student skill development useful for instructional planning. In the three decades since, such progress monitoring probes as they have come to be called have increased in popularity, and they are now a regular part of many schools' educational programs (Alonzo, Tindal, & Ketterlin-Geller, 2006). However, CBMs – even those widely used across the United States – often lack the psychometric properties expected of modern technically-adequate assessments. Although the precision of instrument development has advanced tremendously in the past 30 years with the advent of more Grade 7 Comprehension – Page 2 sophisticated statistical techniques for analyzing tests on an item by item basis rather than relying exclusively on comparisons of means and standard deviations to evaluate comparability of alternate forms, the world of CBMs has not always kept pace with these statistical advances. A key feature of assessments designed for progress monitoring is that alternate forms must be as equivalent as possible to allow meaningful interpretation of student performance data across time. Without such cross-form equivalence, changes in scores from one testing session to the next are difficult to attribute to changes in student skill or knowledge. Improvements in student scores may, in fact, be an artifact of the second form of the assessment being easier than the form that was administered first. The advent of more sophisticated data analysis techniques (such as the Rasch modeling used in this study) have made it possible to increase the precision with which we develop and evaluate the quality of assessment tools. In this technical report, we document the development of a progress monitoring assessment in reading, designed for use with students in Kindergarten through Grade 8, focusing here on the reading comprehension assessments specifically intended for use with seventh-grade students. This assessment system was developed to be used by elementary and middle school educators interested in monitoring the progress their students make in the area of reading skill acquisition. Reading is a fluid construct, shifting over time from a focus on discrete skills necessary for working with language in both written and spoken forms, to those more complex combinations of skills associated with decoding, and finally to comprehension—a construct in which all prior literacy skills are called upon in the act of reading. Reading assessment typically follows this general progression as well (Reading First, 2006). Assessments of emerging literacy skills evaluate student mastery of the alphabetic principle. These tests measure students' ability to correctly identify and/or produce letters and the sounds associated with them. They measure Grade 7 Comprehension – Page 3 students' ability to manipulate individual phonemes (sound units) within words, when, for example, students are asked to blend a list of phonemes into a word, segment a word into its corresponding phonemes, or identify the sounds which begin or end a word (Ritchey & Speece, 2006). As student reading skill progresses, it is necessary to use different reading measures to be able to continue to track the progress students are making as developing readers. Oral reading fluency, which measures a combination of students' sight vocabulary and their ability to decode novel words rapidly and accurately, is consistently identified in the literature as one of the best predictors of student reading comprehension in the early grades (Graves, Plasencia-Peinado, Deno, & Johnson, 2005; Hasbrouck & Tindal, 2005). Eventually, however, the information provided by measures of oral reading fluency plateaus. Readers attain a fluency threshold that enables them to attend to comprehension rather than decoding (Ehri, 1991, 2005). Once this threshold has been reached, fluency is no longer sensitive to increases in reading comprehension. At this point, one must turn to measures designed to assess comprehension more directly. Although this technical report provides information specifically related to the comprehension measures developed for use in our Progress Monitoring assessment system, we provide an overview of the complete system so readers can understand how the comprehension measures fit into the system as a whole. The Measures that Comprise Our Complete Assessment System Based on previous empirical studies of early literacy assessment (see, for example, the report from the National Reading Panel), we developed two measures of alphabetic principle (Letter Names and Letter Sounds), one measure of phonological awareness (Phoneme Segmenting), three measures of fluency (Word Reading Fluency, Sentence Reading Fluency, and Grade 7 Comprehension – Page 4 Passage Reading Fluency), and one measure of comprehension (Multiple Choice Reading Comprehension). Concurrent with the publication of this technical report, we are completing the development of additional measures of vocabulary and non-fiction reading. A variety of technical reports (available on the brtprojects.org website) provide detailed documentation of the development and technical adequacy of the other measures available in the system for other grades. When one is interested in monitoring the progress students are making in attaining specific skills, it is important to have sufficient measures to sample student performance frequently. Thus, our goal is to create 20 alternate forms of each measure in our assessment system at each grade level where the measure is designed to be used, retaining three of these forms for use as benchmarking assessments while the remaining 17 are designated for progress monitoring. Because these alternate forms are designed to be used to track student progress over time, it is essential that all forms of a particular measure in a given grade level be both sensitive to showing growth in a discrete skill area over short periods of time (2-4 weeks of instruction) and comparable in difficulty. These two equally important needs inform all parts of our measurement development effort: the construction of the technical specifications for each of the measures, the design of the studies used to gather data on item and test functioning, the analytic approaches we use to interpret the results of the pilot studies, and subsequent revision of the measures. In all cases, we seek approaches that provide us with enough information to evaluate the sensitivity of the individual measures to detect small differences in student performance and the comparability of the different forms of each measure to allow for meaningful interpretation of growth over time. Grade 7 Comprehension – Page 5 In the section that follows, we describe the methods we used to construct, pilot, and analyze the performance of the reading comprehension measures in terms of reliability and validity for use in a progress monitoring assessment system. Methods We selected the format of the comprehension measures based on prior empirical work with local school districts (Alonzo & Tindal, 2004a, 2004b, 2004c). In this work, teachers had expressed their desire for tests that closely resembled the types of readings students regularly encountered in their classes. At the same time, concerns about increasing the reliability, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness of our measures prompted us to use multiple choice question types rather than open ended question types in our comprehension measures. Accordingly, we developed the MC Comprehension Tests in a two-step process. First, we wrote the stories that were used as the basis for each test. Then, we wrote the test items associated with each story. We embedded quality control and content review processes in both these steps


Ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) methods have been used to study the geometries, vibrational frequencies, and infrared intensities for the trans-, cis-, and gauche-structures of the ONNO+ cation. Five different functionals were employed for comparison. Double-ζ plus polarization (DZP) basis sets and triple-ζ plus double polarization with f functions (TZ2Pf) basis sets were utilized. The ground state of the trans-ONNO cation is of 2Ag symmetry. The prominent infrared absorption is predicted as ∼1900 cm−1 based upon the DFT methods. However, this DFT prediction is suspect since ONNO+ exhibits inverse symmetry breaking, dissociating to the physically absurd limit ON+1/2 plus NO+1/2. This inverse symmetry breaking phenomenon was discussed in an important 1997 paper by Bally and Sastry [J. Phys. Chem. A 101, 7923 (1997)]. Therefore, a higher theoretical level, Brueckner coupled-cluster method was ultimately applied, and the harmonic vibrational frequency of this mode was predicted to be about 1550...


"When the government speaks for itself, it may take legitimate and appropriate steps to ensure that its message is neither garbled nor distorted." This is the essential premise of the government-speech doctrine. But the distinction between government speech and private speech is not always clear, and granting the government extensive speech powers could have a devastating effect on private speech rights. Furthermore, while the Supreme Court has laid out the broad contours of the doctrine, it has provided little — and often conflicting — insight into how courts should distinguish between what is government speech and what is private speech. Without much guidance by the Court, the circuit courts' attempts at fashioning a functioning government-speech test have led to inconsistent results, most evident in the context of specialty license plates. In this Comment, I argue that current government-speech tests lead to inconsistent results, do not sufficiently focus on the concerns that led to the creation of the doctrine and, most importantly, do not ensure political accountability and provide adequate safeguards for private speech rights. To remedy these flaws, I propose a reasonable-observer test similar to the endorsement test used in Establishment Clause jurisprudence and identical to the test used by Justice Souter in his recent concurrence in Pleasant Grove City v. Summum. I further propose that courts guard against inappropriate use of the government-speech defense by assessing certain factors before permitting the government to use the defense. Part I will examine the history of the government-speech doctrine as it arose through key Supreme Court cases and how it has been applied by the circuit courts in the specialty license plate cases. Part II will analyze the current tests used to determine whether certain contested speech is governmental or private and the effectiveness and consistency of these tests. After showing that these current tests lead to inconsistent results and unnecessarily infringe on private speech rights, Part III will propose a stricter and more focused reasonable-observer test that will better ensure political accountability. Furthermore, Part III concludes that inquiries into both the interests involved and whether there are less intrusive means to protect governmental interests are necessary to protect First Amendment speech rights from abuse flowing from the government-speech defense.


An endophytic fungus was isolated from leaf of Pteris pellucida collected from Arunachal Pradesh, India during April, 2011. Microscopically it was identified as Aspergillus species but later authenticated as Emericella quadrilineata applying molecular technique. The bioassay profile of E. qudrilineata includes antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. The growth conditions were optimized for improved production of bioactive metabolites and enhanced bioactivity against pathogens. Potato dextrose broth (PDB) has been found to be the best medium for growth and production of metabolites amended with different carbon and nitrogen sources. PDB with -0.1% starch was found to increase the antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila. Incubation period of 25 days coupled with 25oC temperature were the most suitable for better production of bioactive compounds. E. quadrilineata had shown salt stress tolerance from 10 mM to 100 mM NaCl when incubated for 21 days at 26 oC. The antimicrobial activity of E. quadrilineata was elevated only from 10 mM to 30 mM NaCl, whereas relatively it showed low activity above 40 mM. This endophyte had also shown antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Corynespora sp., Aspergillus niger and Curvularia sp. Apart from antimicrobial activity, the culture also exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity. After exploring the culture condition such as media formulation, temperature, incubation time and salt stress, it is evident that different culture conditions affect the production of biomass and activity of bioactive compounds.


Braided-river deltas that braided river systems prograde into an inland lake are first found in the Palaeogene Shahejie Formation in the Gudong area, Shengli Oil Field. Their characters are distinct and significantly different from the other types of deltas. Three sedimentary subfacies, that is, braided-river delta plain subfacies, braided-river delta front subfacies and prodelta subfacies, and eight microfacies are recognised. The sediments of braided-river deltas are mainly composed of pebbled sandstone and medium-to coarse-grained sandstones. The bars of the distributary channels and subaqueous distributary channels are the main bodies of deltas. A single channel bar has a thickness of 0.15~2.2 m. Many finger-upward lenticular channel sand bodies pile vertically up each other. Cross-stratification is abundant in the braided-river deltas, but the lateral accretion cross-bedding resulting from lateral accretion of channel sand bodies is the most principal sedimentary structure and one of the most distinct characters of braided-river deltas.


The trend of aging population among working families has made health care services for sub-healthy people more important. In Taiwan, caregivers are often hired by human resource agencies to provide long-term care, and they are the main supervisors responsible for the care of the sub-healthy people. However, most agencies only consider the cost of their caregivers and have insufficient staff to take care of the sub-healthy people, leading to the failure of the long-term care system. The lack of an effective collaborative framework for long-term care leads to sub-healthy people being at high risks. Existing frameworks for long-term care are still in the early stages of capturing suitability information dynamically. This paper proposes a new framework that includes all possible features suitable to support the needs of all sub-healthy people and provides a solution for the issue of determining suitable features for collaboration. This study applies association rules to long-term care to handle the mapping process and uses artificial intelligence technology to solve the issues of adjusting human variability dynamically based on the mapping result of sub-healthy people.


The present invention provides a high-precision focus leveling measurement system, the measurement system uses four-channel detected by the four-point height is measured on the substrate, the exposure field to determine the current defocus amount in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction inclination, thereby achieving a focus leveling of the substrate. Signal ratio detecting the substrate height is based on a light intensity modulation of dual optical path moire autofocusing method by an optical moire intensity modulated while introducing π / 2 phase difference, using two optical paths detected calculated defocus amount. The present invention effectively eliminates the errors due to source intensity variation due to reflectivity or light intensity fluctuations traditional applications subject power caused. The focus leveling device is easy to implement, NM grade accuracy.


IntroductionWhile American politicians are excoriating American education and moving to nationalize learning through the Common Core States Standards Initiative, the Chinese government is quietly changing their nationalized curriculum (Yang & Frick, 2007). The ultimate goal-build more creativity in Chinese students who are historically high performing in international assessments (Adams & Sargenty, 2012). Chinese students outperform American peers on international tests in mathematics and literacy, but are purported not to be as creative, innovative, entrepreneurial and therefore do not produce as many inventions and patents (Chen, 2004; Dello-Iacovo, 2009; Xiao-jiang & Xue-ting, 2012; Xu, 2007; Zhao, 2012).Educational reform is targeted in both the United States and China (Coppola & Zhao, 2012; McKinsey Global Initiative, 2010). Chinese schools are heavily structured; less curricular structure is desired as Chinese students perform exceptionally academically but are less creative (Walker & Qian, 2012). American schools are less structured with individual states, districts, and schools making curriculum decisions, but American students do not perform as well as peers on international assessments of learning (Kelly & Turner, 2009). New federal policies driven by the Common Core States Initiative were designed to add more structured grade level curricula for American students in order to provide a workforce ready to compete in the global marketplace (Hanushek, Peterson, & Woessman, 2012; U. S. Department of Education, 2011).Historically, the U.S. educational system has produced skilled high school and college graduates who positioned the American economy as the best in the world (Connelly & Zheng, 2003). With American productivity falling, business and political leaders as well as foundations are frantically pushing educators to ensure that American students can be as innovative and competitive as they were in the 20th century (Advisory Commission on Measuring Innovation in the 21st Century Economy, 2008; U.S. Department of Commerce, 2012).In China, the degree of educational competition is increasingly severe and furious (Gu, 2006). However, the basic problems in education constitute a serious social issue which is subject to disparaging and acquisitive public commentary (Jin, 2005). However, the often hostile criticism of education is interconnected to inequalities, indiscriminate fees, and the largely unscientific examination systems that dominate Chinese education (Hui, Lee & Rousseau, 2004). Providing education to the many segments of the Chinese population means confronting inequalities intensely engrained in history, culture and economic elements (Li, 2005).In recent years in China, there has been growing apprehension that examination competition has contaminated classroom teaching and learning and created a culture of competition that was detrimental to developing a global knowledge economy (Qi, 2007). These concerns spawned education reforms known as the New Curriculum (Xu, 2007). These reforms were intended to make students the center of teaching and learning. In addition, the reforms focused on transforming teaching and learning to foster creativity, innovation, collaboration, and self-expression (Xie, 2001). The continual implementation of reform policies has fostered a new outlook in Chinese schools but the continued reform applications have profoundly changed schools and caused great anxiety among teachers (Zhu & Han, 2006).The Chinese government promotes a revised school curriculum reflecting a more complete approach to education known as suzhi jiaoyu ("quality education") (Jia, 2006). The massive educational reforms place education in the Chinese historical, educational, social and economic framework which is not conducive to change (Curran, 2005). The implementation of the reforms is constrained by insufficient resources (financial and human), academic ambiguity and conformist opposition (Guan & Meng, 2007). …


A meta-analysis is a tool for aggregating estimates of a similar "effect" across many studies. Publication bias is the phenomenon where literature is sample selected in favor of studies having statistically significant results and/or having estimates that satisfy pre-conceived expectations. A popular procedure used for conducting meta-analyses in the presence of publication bias is the FAT-PET-PEESE (FPP) procedure. In a recent paper published in Research Synthesis Methods, Alinaghi and Reed (2018), utilizing Monte Carlo simulations, report that the FPP procedure does not work well when used in 'realistic' data environments where true effects differ both across and within studies. AR's findings are important because the FPP approach is dominant in the economics meta-analysis literature. I replicate their results and discover two mistakes, which I subsequently correct. The first mistake is found in a descriptive statistics table, misrepresenting the overview of simulated dataset. The second is associated with the fixed effect estimation, generating erroneous estimated effects and Type I error. Further, I extend their analysis by making their simulation environment even more realistic. Despite producing somewhat different results, my replications generally confirm AR's conclusions about the unreliability of the FPP procedure in realistic data environments.


When Martin Luther wrote his famous hymn Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott in the 1520s, it was uncommon to understand Ps. 46:1–3 [45:1–3 LXX] as a celebration of the peace available to those taking refuge in God amidst raging hostility—as the earth shook and mountains moved into the heart of the sea. Instead, for over a millennium, Augustine's allegorical interpretation of verse 3 held sway. These verses contained 'hidden' truths made known when Christ came, so the shaking earth was the Jews, the mountains were Christ and his apostles, and the sea was the Gentiles in 46:3. According to Augustine, then, 46:1–3 celebrates God's being a refuge amidst the working out of his plan to redeem the Gentiles through the mission of Christ and his apostles. This essay recounts the reception of 46:1–3 from the Septuagint to the time of Luther in a way that demonstrates the influence of the Septuagint's translation of the superscription (verse 1), the dominance of Augustine's allegorical interpretation of 46:1–3 for over a millennium, and how Luther's growing appreciation of the historical sense shifts his interpretation of 46:1–3 away from Augustine to align with most interpreters in the early church and Nicholas of Lyra.


The rectifier group is an important equipment for the electrolytic aluminum rectification system. The valve short circuit and valve breakdown failure, which would cause serious accidents, often happened. The sensitivity of the existing arc protection action is affected by the fault position, and the equipment burning accident, caused by the failure to detect in time, happened frequently. This paper derived the AC/DC differential protection algorithm of the rectifier group which was based on the structure of the rectifier group and conceived from the idea of "valve short circuit protection". The simulation results showed that the algorithm can identify the fault, which occurred inside, quickly and accurately. This algorithm provides a new method for the protection of the rectifier valve group, which fills the gap of the differential protection of the rectifier valve group. Keywordsrectifier valve group; valve short circuit protection; AC/DC differential protectio


It is known that the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere is characterized with typical dynamical phenomena namely, the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA). Accurate modeling of characteristic variations of EIA is more important to arrive at the correct estimation of range delays required for the communication and navigation applications. The Total Electron Content (TEC) data from a chain of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers at seven identified locations from equator to the anomaly crest and beyond along 3150E geographic longitude in the Brazilian sector is considered. The performances of the latest available IRI-2012 and NeQuick2 models have been investigated during 2010–2013 in the increasing phase of the 24th solar cycle. A comparative study on the morphological variations of the GPS measured and modeled TEC revealed that the performances of the models are improved during low solar activity periods compared to that during the increased solar activity years. The strength and the locations of the EIA crest are nearly well represented by both the models during the low solar activity while the models underestimate the peak TEC at the EIA during the increased solar activity conditions. The deviations between the GPS measured and model derived TEC are more during equinoctial and summer months at and around the anomaly crest locations. Significant differences have also been observed in between the TEC values derived from both the models. The causes for the discrepancies in the modeled TEC values are discussed based on the model derived and ionosonde measured vertical electron density profiles variations. Further, under the presence of aforementioned electron density variabilities, the possible difficulties in the accurate estimation of range delays for GNSS applications in the low latitude sectors have been discussed.


Efficient reaction conditions are established to couple N-substituted Weinreb amides with a variety of carbon nucleophiles using Schwartz′s reagent in the presence of Sc(OTf)3 as the catalyst.


A generic catch–release catalysis system has been designed for the recovery of homogeneous catalysts at the end of a reaction using host–guest interactions. This proof-of-concept system consists of a palladium(II)–dipyrazole complex bearing an adamantyl (Ad) molecular recognition moiety (guest), and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) decorated with β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) (host). The density of β-CD on the iron oxide nanoparticles was up to 3.1 × 10−4 mmol per mg, sufficient to efficiently catch the Ad-adorned Pd catalyst in aqueous methanol at room temperature. Release and recycling of the catalyst was achieved by extraction with methanol. This catch–release system performed well in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, but suffers from slow degradation which restricts the number of times that the catalyst and magnetic nanoparticles can be recycled and reused.


W'THAT does it cost your hospi%/1/ tal for the nursing service for ? ? a private floor of twenty patients? A few years ago, the average hospital superintendent, when asked the cost of his nursing service, would have replied: "Oh, I don't know exactly, but it's not very much, as our student nurses do most of the nursing." During the last decade there has been a gradual awakening to the fact that nursing service does cost the hospital considerable money. Many superintendents have become interested in this, but, because of the fact that so few hospitals have separate budgets for their schools of nursing, it has been extremely difficult to obtain accurate figures for comparison. Then too there has been no precedent set as to what to include in those budgets. It has been said that "necessity is the mother of invention," and because of necessity, financially, and the fact that the nurses' home could not accommodate enough student nurses to supply their own vacation relief, or care for the hospital's nursing needs during the four months' preliminary period of the incoming classes, we became interested in this type of service. The problem presented of having to employ graduate nurses for floor relief so much of the time appeared very expensive, but at the end of the year, our gross expenses were increased very little, even though the payroll was larger. We gave much thought to this pleasant surprise and then were anxious to find out how it came to be. Therefore we began segregating the school of nursing expenditures. By the end of another year, we had some idea of what a school of nursing means


SUMMARY A virus designated Indiana C was isolated in chicken embryos from mature White Leghorns in a flock that was experiencing a problem in egg-shell quality. Two of 8 chickens necropsied had gross lesions of a hepatitis, and the virus was isolated from suspensions of affected tissue. Infected embryos died or were stunted and curled. The isolate was not neutralized by infectious bronchitis (IB) antisera prepared from presently known serotypes but was neutralized significantly by quail bronchitis virus (QBV) and chicken-embryolethal-orphan (CELO) virus antiserum. Indiana C antiserum neutralized CELO virus. It was thermostable (60 minutes at 56 C) and was also resistant to chloroform and acid (pH 3). Chickens 3 days to 8 weeks old were inoculated with the cloned virus. Six trials were conducted with the virus given by eye-drop, intratracheal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Mild respiratory signs developed 5 to 7 days postinoculation. Necropsied chickens had lesions of a respiratory-tract infection with concurrent hepatitis, comparable to individuals from which the virus was isolated originally. The role of adenovirus infections and their possible cause of disease problems in chickens under field circumstances in Indiana are discussed.


The introduction of GPS technique in transportation study make real time tracking of driving vehicle's position possible. Position information data gauged with three dimension(X, Y, Z) can be achieved with time-continuity and from more than two driving vehicles. For this field of study, in past day, there were many difficulties in collecting real time data, but now, it becomes easy thanks to this. But for the resonable result analysis, fully understanding of GPS data-accuracy must be proceeded. Because accompanied magnitude of error depends on the study's accuracy. For this reason, this study surveyed the GPS data's error and suggest calibrate technique. This study's result will be helpful for following studies using DGPS data. For this, this study takes two types study in road, and set triangulation coordinates, and compare it with GPS data. DGPS data contains less than 0.6m's error.


PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE A WARD OF
B. TECH. AGRIICULTURE
(WATER RESOURCES, AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES
TECHNOLOGy)
TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES,
AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES
TECHNOLOGY,
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL
TECHNOLOGY,
..
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,
MINNA,
NIGER,STATE.
NOVEMBER, 2010 .


Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Clinical Expertise KOHVAKKA, HANNALEENA: Development of a Treatment Model for Pain Patients in a General Hospital Psychiatric Unit Master's thesis 106 pages, appendices 13pages April 2013 This thesis was executed as a development project in General Hospital Psychiatry Unit of Tampere University Hospital in Pirkanmaa Hospital District. Its main purpose was to develop the treatment model of chronic pain patients from a nursing point of view. The aim was to improve the quality of pain patients' treatment in the general hospital psychiatry unit. The development project was carried out according to the stages of action research. The present situation of the treatment was studied by reviewing articles and interviewing nurses. The data was analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The research questions were used to find out information about the patients' treatment and the experiences and perceptions nurses have about the treatment, the development of the treatment, and the impact the development project had on their work. The main themes that both literature and nurses' experience highlighted were the attitudes of nurses, patient education, psychological methods, importance of family, patients' pain experiences, and multi-professional collaboration. With the results gained it is possible to create a treatment model for chronic pain patients. By this model, all nurses participating in pain patients' treatment model could be familiarized with to the treatment.


Tracking and navigation applications i.e. the use of systems to track someone's location, has applications in many fields including the recreational. The main objective of this paper is to achieve a better service in tracking and monitoring large groups during crowded events, like Hajj rituals in Mecca, with advanced methods like WIFI direct (ad-hoc). Our system connects group members to each other as well as to their leader by continuously broadcasting their MAC-address and location from the mobile phone. Moreover, our system provides a systematic map that links its users to nearby group members, thus helping them find their way back to the group's leader. Programming has been developed in a set of Java/C++ code and Android Studio.


Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal and food crops of most of the population of Asia, due to its extensive consumption in Iraq, 36 rice samples were collected and divided into 12 groups ( local and imported) for the purpose of assessing the nutritional value and pollution of heavy metal elements (arsenic, mercury and cadmium), the results showed a high humidity in some samples of the food ration amounted to 12.3% , the proportions of ash, protein, fat and fiber were among the natural limit, As for the carbohydrates, the sample R9 recorded the lowest percentage of 77.7%, heavy metals were measured , most of the samples examined rice, whether local or imported contain levels of the elements mercury and arsenic reached to 0.7984 and 1.8368 mg / kg respectively it is higher than the limits prescribed by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and (FAO).


We have investigated, in volunteers, the effect of inhaling 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen on subsequent oxygenation. Subjects breathed either 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen or 50% nitrogen in oxygen during hyperventilation and normal ventilation. Arterial oxygen saturation and end-expired oxygen concentrations were lower after 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen than after the other mixture with both patterns of ventilation and were lowest after hyperventilation with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen.


This paper examines how identities are negotiated and articulated in Gotland, Sweden's biggest island. The yearly interaction between close to a million visitors and the less than 60,000 islanders ...


Onion (Allium cepa) and to a lesser degree leek (Allium porrum) are important vegetable crops in the Pacific Northwest. Most of the seed for these crops is produced under contract in the irrigated areas of the Snake River Valley of Idaho and Oregon. Smaller acreages are also grown in the Willamette Valley and Madras regions of Oregon and in the Columbia Basin of Washington. Production practices vary among the growing areas of the Pacific Northwest due to variations in amount of rainfall, seasonal temperatures, and disease incidence. Net returns vary depending upon cost of production and gross returns as influenced by seed yield, quality, purity, and type of contract.


Peptide binding to a graphene sheet is studied by a coarse-grained approach. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) is used to assess the adsorption energy (e.g. binding) of each amino acid with graphene. The relative adsorption energy of each residue is normalized to describe its coarse-grained interactions with graphene which is used as an input to a phenomenological interaction in an all-residue coarse-grained (ARCG) representation of the peptide chain. Large scale Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are performed to study the stability of peptides (P1: 1H–2S–3S–4Y–5W–6Y–7A–8F–9N–10N–11K–12T and P2: 1E–2P–3L–4Q–5L–6K–7M) binding to a graphene sheet as a function of temperature. A number of local and global physical quantities are analyzed including mobility and substrate-in-contact profiles of each residue, density profiles, root mean square displacement of the center of mass of each peptide and its radius of gyration. We find that P1 has a higher probability of binding to a graphene sheet than P2 supported by both local and global physical quantities. All residues of P1 can bind to the graphene sheet at low temperatures; however, three residues 4Y–5W–6Y seem to anchor it most strongly at higher temperatures, which is consistent with an all-atom MD simulation.


In scene parsing, the model is required to be able to process complex multi-modal data such as images and contexts in real scenes, and discover their implicit connections from objects existing in the scene. As a storage method that contains entity information and the relationship between entities, a knowledge graph can well express objects and the semantic relationship between objects in the scene. In this paper, a new multi-phase process was proposed to solve scene parsing tasks; first, a knowledge graph was used to align the multi-modal information and then the graph-based model generates results. We also designed an experiment of feature engineering's validation for a deep-learning model to preliminarily verify the effectiveness of this method. Hence, we proposed a knowledge representation method named Entity Descriptor Encoder of Transformer (EDET), which uses both the entity itself and its internal attributes for knowledge representation. This method can be embedded into the transformer structure to solve multi-modal scene parsing tasks. EDET can aggregate the multi-modal attributes of entities, and the results in the scene graph generation and image captioning tasks prove that EDET has excellent performance in multi-modal fields. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the industrial scene, which confirmed the viability of our method.


Bacterial wilt of solanaceous vegetables and other crops caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuchi et al., (1995) is most lethal and highly destructive disease in the tropical and warm temperature regions of the world, causing heavy economic loss. The major economic hosts affected by this disease in India include tomato, potato, chilli, eggplant, ginger, groundnut, tobacco, banana and other floricultural plants. The disease affects solanaceous vegetables in most states of India (Kishun, 1980; Rao, 1976). In extreme cases loss in yield due to the disease in eggplant and tomato has been reported to be as high as 80 and 90 per cent, respectively (Rao, 1976). Representatives of 50 families comprising of more than 350 host plants are affected by this disease and that number of new species continue to increase (Hayward, 1991).


Team-based learning (TBL) is a teaching approach that has been designed to provide students with both conceptual and applied knowledge. TBL has been widely implemented in healthcare education, yet, very little information about the implementation of TBL in Universiti Teknologi MARA, and this is the first study conducted that uses TBL intervention for Health and Administration program particularly for the medical and health terminology subject. A pre and post study was designed to evaluate student's perception towards TBL and team work before and after TBL implementation as well as to measure the knowledge of TBL among lecturers in the Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus. TBL was conducted in two phases; which begin with an Individual Readiness Test (IRT) followed by the Group Readiness Test (GRT). A total of 33 students participated in this study. The data was collected in July 2018, using 27-items self-administered questionnaire. Perception of TBL was measured by twelve (12) items, while, teamwork was assesed by eight (8) items and facilitator's knowledge was evaluated by seven (7) items. Results show that students rated positive evaluation towards TBL and teamwork. Also, there was significant difference in mean score of perception before and after implementation of TBL, P<0.05. Meanwhile, the knowledge of TBL among facilitators were fairly considered as good and poor. Implementation of TBL in higher education is especially relevant as it motivates aspect-independent skills such as communication, leadership and problem solving. Hence, this study provides meaningful information to the higher management by taking into account of the student's experiences in learning to improve teaching strategy in future. Also, it will help in the successful implementation of TBL in various courses and programs in Universiti Teknologi MARA.


Significance Antibody affinity rises during immune responses to viruses via antibody gene somatic hypermutation and Darwinian selection of mutated B cells—in a time frame of days. The enzyme activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates hypermutation by deaminating genomic cytosines. Mutation is exacerbated by noncanonical G1-phase DNA repair pathways that deploy error-prone polymerases, including Pol η (gene Polh). In G1 phase, dNTP levels are restricted to inhibit viral replication. We derestricted G1-phase dNTP supply in hypermutating B cells, which increased virus susceptibility in vitro and caused changes in antibody hypermutation in vivo akin to Polh inactivation. We conclude that G1-phase dNTP paucity contributes to antibody hypermutation and that the evolution of antibody hypermutation included the repurposing of intracellular antivirus mechanisms based on dNTP starvation. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates hypermutation of Ig genes in activated B cells by converting C:G into U:G base pairs. G1-phase variants of uracil base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR) then deploy translesion polymerases including REV1 and Pol η, which exacerbates mutation. dNTP paucity may contribute to hypermutation, because dNTP levels are reduced in G1 phase to inhibit viral replication. To derestrict G1-phase dNTP supply, we CRISPR-inactivated SAMHD1 (which degrades dNTPs) in germinal center B cells. Samhd1 inactivation increased B cell virus susceptibility, increased transition mutations at C:G base pairs, and substantially decreased transversion mutations at A:T and C:G base pairs in both strands. We conclude that SAMHD1's restriction of dNTP supply enhances AID's mutagenicity and that the evolution of Ig hypermutation included the repurposing of antiviral mechanisms based on dNTP starvation.


The current research was conducted with the goal of exploring the impacts of spirituality therapy with emphasis on True Islam Religion's Teachings on promotion of hopefulness. The current research consisted of all PNU students, Divandare branch, who were studying in the academic year of 2014-2015. In this research, as many as 30 students were selected via convenience random sampling as the research sample size. The statistical sample of the experimental group was comprised of 15 students who attended spirituality therapy sessions as volunteers. The statistical sample of the control group too was comprised of 15 students who did not take part in the mentioned sessions (they were chosen via convenience random sampling method). The research method was semi-experimental with two control and experimental groups. Then experimental group was placed under nine 2-hour sessions of spirituality therapy, while the control group was received no intervention. To gather data, Sneider's Hopefulness Scale was applied, and Covariance analysis was used for analyzing data. Findings reveal that spirituality therapy with an emphasis on Islamic Teachings is significantly effective on students' hopefulness.


Framework : Changes in health policies and changes in nursing profession and career interfere in the dynamics and future stability of nurses. The present study aimed to some determinant factors of the conflict resolution strategies adopted by nurses. Material and Method : A quantitative, descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study was performed using a non-probabilistic and convenience sample, composed of 102 nurses to perform functions in Health Units, most of them female (82.4%) and with average age of 39.33 years and standard deviation 9,226. The data collection instrument incorporated three scales validated for the Portuguese population: Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, Professional Engagement Scale, and Inventory Conflict Resolution Strategies that assess how individuals deal with conflicting situations with superiors (Form A), subordinates (Form B) And Training in management and strategy domination vis-à-vis the boss and subordinates; Professional category of nurse and graduate nurse and avoidance strategy towards boss and colleagues; Workplace and domination strategy vis-à-vis the boss, subordinates and colleagues; Time of service and avoidance strategy vis-à-vis boss and colleagues. The organizational and professional commitment are positively correlated with each other and determine the conflict resolution strategies adopted by nurses. Conclusion : The results ensure the need to favor and stimulate the affective commitment for the positive consequences that it entails in the organization and in the profession. Organizational performance benefits from the stimulation of conflict under certain conditions and that constructive conflict management is an essential element for organizational effectiveness.


We show how a rigidity estimate introduced in recent work of Bernand-Mantel, Muratov and Simon can be derived using the harmonic map flow.


This is a brief introduction to the subject of Conformal Field Theory on surfaces with boundaries and crosscaps, which describes the perturbative expansion of open string theory.


Summary Material from the organic layer of a podsol soil in a spruce stand in southern Norway was incubated for 21/2 years at 15°C in microcosms with a volume of 0.1 dm3. The soil was sterilised and reinoculated with a mixed microflora before the incubation start, and given three different faunal communities: (1) A mixed assemblage of microarthropods plus the enchytraeid Cognettia sphagnetorum ("full fauna", FF), (2) only C. sphagnetorum ("enchytraeids", E), and (3) no animals added ("no fauna", NF). The respiration rate was measured during the last 14 months of incubation, and was highest in FF throughout this period. When all respiration analyses were pooled, the value for FF was 33% higher than for NF and 25% higher than for E. The substrate dry mass loss, measured twice, was also highest in FF (17% higher in FF than in both the other treatments after 11/2 years of incubation, and 31% higher than in both the other treatments after 21/2 years). Both for respiration and for mass loss, the difference between FF and the other two treatments was statistically significant, while there was no apparent difference between the E and NF treatments. There was no sign of a general rise or fall in the respiration rate during the 14 months from the first to the last analysis. The ammonium (and total N) concentration in the soil water was higher in FF and E than in NF, whereas the nitrate concentration was lowest in FF and highest in E. The higher mineralisation activity in the FF treatment was probably caused by the higher diversity of mesofauna, and perhaps also by higher diversities of microflora and microfauna accidentally introduced together with the arthropods.


An adsorbent of low production cost and simple synthesis technology,named Zeolite-A,was synthesized and its adsorption behavior towards heavy metals,and optimum conditions of the adsorption reaction (including pH of solution,concentration of the metal ions,time of adsorption process and etc.) were studied systematically.Besides possessing the prominent adsorptivity of natural Zeolite,the synthetic Zeolite-A was proved to have clean surface of its crystals,homogeneous grainity,regular shape and without the presence of any colloidal or amorphous substances,as shown by its scanning electron micrograph.It was found that efficiency of adsorption by Zeolite-A was dependent on the magnitude of radii of hydrated ions of heavy metals.Among the metal ions studied [Fe(Ⅱ、Ⅲ),Cr(Ⅲ),Pb2+,Mn2+,Cu2+,Mg2+,Zn2+,Ni2+ and Cd2+],Pb2+ ion showed the best adsorptivity;and the efficiency of adsorption of Pb2+ ion was increased with the raise of pH of solution and with the increase of time of adsorption process.The experiments were done in a solution having the concentration of metal ions of 2×103mg·L-1,and the adsorptivity of Pb2+ ion achieved to a value of 99.6%.It was proposed that the synthetic Zeolite-A is suitable to be used in the removal of heavy metals from waters.Desorption of metal ions from Zeolite-A could be effectively done by soaking in a 0.1 mol·L-1 HCl solution.


Mots cles : Stress oxydant, glutathion, glutathion peroxydase, glutathion reductase, glutathion S-transferase, acetate de plomb Abstract - Objective : This work is mainly devoted to the study of the toxic effect of lead acetate on the activity of the glutathione defense system in rats. Methods: This study was carried out on 40 male rats (Wistar Albino) divided into four groups, three of which were treated with intraperitoneal injection (ip) of three different doses of lead acetate: (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) of body weight; the control group was treated (ip) with physiological water only, for one week. Results: The injection of rats with lead acetate caused a change in the biochemical and biological parameters, indicated particularly by an increase in the hepatosomatic index, especially in rats treated with large doses. Moreover, the serum concentration of glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, alkaline phosphatases and aminotransferases (ASAT and ALAT) increased significantly compared with the control group, whereas the serum protein content decreased significantly in treated rats with high doses compared with control. The lipid auto-oxidation expressed as the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was also increased in the treated rats. Finally, the results obtained highlight the detoxification potential of the glutathione enzymatic system expressed by the decrease in hepatic glutathione (GSH) and increased activities of enzymes related to glutathione (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in all treated groups. Conclusion: In view of these results, a close relationship was shown between the decreased levels of hepatic GSH and increased activities of GST, GPx and GR in rats treated with lead acetate. This probably explains the role of the glutathione system in the detoxification of toxic pollutant metabolites and thus protection of living cells.


Research purpose is forming of assortment collection for the girls of primary school age on principles of seasonal completeness of the clothes. The aim of the study is research of assortment units of clothes for girls recognition to the vector of setting and development of model of grant information for creation of assortment collection after signs to the wardrobe. The cross analysis of statistical data is executed from the industrial assortment of clothes for the girls of primary school age with the purpose of combination in complete sets. Assortment collections (AK) are formed after seasons. The flow diagram of forming rational a wardrobe is developed for the girls of primary school group. As a result of cross analysis of assortment units of clothes for the girls of primary school age the model of forming rational a wardrobe is developed taking into account a hierarchy in seasonal assortment collections of clothes. Morphological analysis collections assortment by image source model forms should be performed tiered silhouette features forms, namely, the length and the main lines of horizontal articulation product


The plant nutrition diagnosis method is very many, but regardless of what method, as a result of the complex examination engineering factor, exists in the practical application certainly difficultly, the people hoped obtain quickly the simpler more and direct examination method and the tool. Along with the computer vision technology specialization and computer hardware cost reducing with the speed enhancement, has changed more and more in the agricultural product diagnosis domain using the computer vision has the attraction. The apple leaf blade nutrition condition diagnosis is a premise which carries on applies fertilizer rationally, therefore has the count for much significance.


Through the use of automatic inspection systems is possible to improve the Printed Circuits Board (PCB) manufacturing and reduce the fail rate in this process. In this paper an automatic inspection system for detecting small PCB defects is presented, the system uses a 2-D high precision laser sensor; this kind of laser sensor allows getting high precision measurements with an error of units of micrometers. The sensor is able to detect Surface-Mount Devices (SMD) onto PCB in order to perform a defect-detection process. The system uses an open, modular and scalable architecture for controlling a robotic motion in two axes, also a graphic application coded in Java for data processing and unify all the components is developed. Finally a judgment algorithm for defect-detection evaluation using binary matrices is added to the system. The aim of this system is that it can detect small PCB defects using a 2-D laser sensor and that is possible to implement it in a production line. Design, tests and results gotten are shown.


The Galapagos Archipelago is a model system for estimating the dynamics of biotic dispersal to, evolutionary differentiation in, and ecological structuring of oceanic islands. The islands, 800–1000 km west of the coast of Ecuador, have been available for terrestrial colonization for about 3 million years. After 150 years of sporadic study, the beetle fauna is still poorly known, but at least 54 families, 214 genera, and 366 species are present. Comparatively few families (10) contain endemic genera (13) that may represent early colonizations. Species flocks occur in usually flightless members of seven genera. Adaptive radiation, as seen in Darwin's finches, is evident in three genera of tenebrionids. The species are 24% native (i.e., they have naturally dispersed from Central or South America), 67% being endemic to one or more islands, and 9% have been introduced by man. Virtually nothing is known of the bionomics of the species. The fauna of 335 native and endemic species is estimated to have originated ...


Micro-hollow cathode devices have been used for many applications such as lighting and material processing. When operated in pulsed mode, some of the problems associated with arcing have been reduced . In this work, a series of micro-hollow cathodes are operated in repetitive pulsed mode. The repetition rate is varied from 10 kHz to 100 kHz, with a fixed duty cycle of 50%. Results have been investigated when applying a square wave to the electrodes in the test chamber. The experiment is conducted in air at 10 to 50 Torr. Voltage and current characteristics are discussed and plasma characteristics are presented.


The elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) technique is widely accepted by pediatric orthopedic surgeons for the following advantages: being minimally invasive, non-destructive on epiphyseal function, easy, rapid postoperative recovery, allowing early functional exercise and having low complication rate. It has become the mainstream technique for the treatment of long bone fractures in children. Although the concept of minimally invasive surgery for children with long bone fractures is constantly evolving and the surgical technique is becoming more and more mature, there are still some complications after ESIN operation, such as tendon and iatrogenic nerve injury, soft tissue irritation and infection, poor alignment after fracture or re-shift, delayed union and non-union, leg-length discrepancy, rotation and angular deformity, osteofascial compartment syndrome, and other clinical problems. These complications often occur due to the negligence of important biological principles, obvious technical errors and the negligence of the characteristics of local anatomy. The authors review the problems of ESIN technique in the treatment of humeral fractures, radius and ulna fractures, femoral fractures and tibial fractures of children, seeking to avoid the complications as much as possible and giving full play to the minimally invasive advantages of ESIN.

Key words:
Fracture fixation, intramedullary; Child; Postoperative complications; Elastic stable intramedullary nailing


With the curriculum reform of high school in 2004,the integrated practice activity has been seen as an essential aspect of curriculum reform. However,it also exist many problems. This essay discussed these problems and improving measures of it based on the conversation of 15 specialists. Personal conversation revealed that: even though about 94% interviewees approved of the integrated practice activity,they argued that the implement of it was disappointing. Drawing on these,this research explored the implement of integrated practice activity from the view of society,college entrance examination and teacher education.


In this study the technique of Laplace transform (high resolution) deep level transient spectroscopy combined with the uniaxial stress method has been used to study a symmetry and the defect reconfiguration kinetics (the stress induced alignment) of some forms of hydrogen-related centres. We have confirmed the trigonal symmetry of the defect related to the isolated bond centred hydrogen. When hydrogen decorates the vacancy-oxygen pair (the A centre) the apparent defect orthorhombic symmetry is not lowered as a result of a very high hydrogen jumping rate between two unsaturated broken bonds of the vacancy. We also show that the stress-induced defect alignment in some cases can be related to the same microscopic mechanism of the hydrogen motion as it is for the diffusion process. PACS numbers: 68.55.Ln, 71.55.Cn, 73.40.Lq


The spatial radiation distribution has been measured with an infrared imaging video bolometer (IRVB) in a neutral beam injected (NBI) plasma from the Heliotron J device. The temperature distribution on the IRVB foil is consistent with radiation simulated by the three-dimensional transport code, EMC3-EIRENE. The foil temperature increase is proportional to the radiation intensity measured with an Absolute eXtreme UltraViolet (AXUV) diode diagnostic. These results suggest that the IRVB can be used for plasma radiation measurements in small and medium size devices. c © 2021 The Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research


Introduction HIV/AIDS remains a public health concern affecting millions of people across the world. Although the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients living with HIV has significantly improved after treatment, its chronicity makes the HRQoL uncertain. This study assessed factors associated with the health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS on HAART in North-East Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2018, and systematic random sampling was used to select 235 participants who were on HAART. HRQoL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey. Descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis were computed using the statistical package for social sciences version 20. Results The study revealed one-factor structure and had good overall internal consistency (78.5). Over one-third (42.6%; 95% CI; 36.2%, 48.9%) of participants had good HRQoL. The least HRQoL mean score was found for cognitive functioning 32.21(±19.78), followed by social functioning 40.58(±29.8). Factors associated with the overall HRQoL were 25–45 years of age (β = − 3.55, 95% CI;-6.54, -0.55), working in private sector (β = -5.66, 95% CI;-9.43, -1.88), government (β = -4.29, 95% CI;-7.83, -0.75) and self-employment (β = -8.86, 95% CI;-13.50, -4.21), 100–200 (β = − 4.84, 95% CI;-9.04, -0.63) and 201–350 CD4 at the time of diagnosis (β = − 7.45, 95% CI;-11.73, -3.16), 351–500 current CD4 level (β = 8.34, 95% CI;5.55, 11.41), 6–10 years of disease duration (β = -8.28, 95% CI;-12.51, -4.04), WHO stage II (β = -4.78, 95% CI;-8.52, -1.04) and III (β = 3.42, 95% CI;0.06, 6.79) during treatment initiation and not taking of Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (β = -5.79, 95% CI;-8.34, -3.25). Conclusions High proportion of participants had a poor HRQoL. Routine assessment and appropriate interventions at each visit is recommended to improve HRQoL.


The feasibility and results of intraarterial chemotherapy, also termed ophthalmic artery chemosurgery (OAC), for retinoblastoma in less developed countries have seldom been reported.


A new anaytical method for direct resin phase spectrophotometric deternination of trace bismuth has been developed.It has been used to determine bismuth in water and satisfactory results were ohtained.


The invention pillow, as in the support, such as such as the cushion on the fiber ball for filling purposes, this is to provide a fiber filter, and the optimum aesthetic mixing this with a conventional denier Lubricated for providing a supporting force and the restoring force It is prepared from a small amount of the lubricating fiber blend of a small processing denier.


Let ABC be a triangle with side-lengths a, b, and c, and with angles A, B, and C. Let AA, BB, and CC be the cevians through a point V , let x, y, and z be the lengths of the segments BA, CB, and AC, and let ξ, η, and ζ be the measures of the angles ∠BAA, ∠CBB, and ∠ACC. The centers V for which x, y, and z are linear forms in a, b, and c are characterized. So are the centers for which ξ, η, and ζ are linear forms in A, B, and C. Let ABC be a non-degenerate triangle with side-lengths a, b, and c, and let V be a point in its plane. Let AA, BB, and CC be the cevians of ABC through V and let the intercepts x, y, and z be defined to be the directed lengths of the segments BA, CB, and AC, where x is positive or negative according as A and C lie on the same side or on opposite sides of B, and similarly for y and z; see Figure 1. To avoid infinite intercepts, we assume that V does not lie on any of the three exceptional lines passing through the vertices of ABC and parallel to the opposite sides.


Historical precedent supports an argument that a variety of factors, including the physical and chemical nature of the antigen, dose, timing, mode of access to the immune system, etc., combine to make a self‐nonself discrimination. This argument requires that specificity be ignored and the myriad of parameters that affect the class and magnitude of the response be dealt with — what might be called the immunogenicity‐tolerogenicity discrimination. Just as there can be no immune response if there are no specific receptors available, so the presence of immune receptors does not guarantee that an immune response will occur, and factors that contribute to the regulation of the magnitude and class of the immune response cannot be used to determine if a receptor is anti‐self or anti‐nonself.


Author(s): Galperin, Michael; Nitzan, Abraham; Ratner, Mark A | Abstract: The submitted Comment is based on using an isolated quantum dot approach to discuss the situation where the coupling to the leads is considerable (not negligible). This finite lead coupling is the situation in most molecular transport junctions. In such situations the population on the molecule is not static and dynamical effects (fluctuations) are crucial. While the discussion in [Phys. Rev. B 67, 235312 (2003)], and in the Comment may well apply for an isolated molecule, it is simply irrelevant for the very different transport situation analyzed in our original contribution.


There is a growing interest in improving and optimizing the safety of aircraft meeting personnel transport missions, supplies and specific jobs in the Armed Forces. Lack of equipment and tools to improve flight safety and the use of existing communication and navigation systems with minimum benefits and outdated to endanger aircraft operations and human lives that are involved in its daily operations. This paper brings together the results of research, planning and implementation of a communication and navigation system (COM-NAV) fourth generation in a Russian helicopter MI 171E with U.S. equipment and technology. This was achieved by designing the specific solution for the helicopter, based on the engineering study prepared with the support of the houses manufacturers, raised work


Generally,most of adaptive nonuniformity correction algorithms have the ghosting artifact problem.In this paper,the cause of ghosting artifacts in Neural Network nonuniformity correction(NN-NUC) algorithm for infrared focal plane array(IRFPA) was studied.Based on the analysis,a novel algorithm for eliminating the ghosting artifact was proposed,which replaces the linear spatial average filter in the NN-NUC algorithm with the partial differential equation(PDE)-based nonlinear filter to estimate the desired image.The comparison experiment using real IRFPA infrared image shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively remove the ghosting artifact.Compared with several deghosting algorithms,the proposed algorithm converges much faster.


In this paper, we present a facile, template-free sol−gel method to produce fluorescent and highly mesoporous organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) thin films for vapor phase sensing of TNT. An alkyltrifunctional, methyltrimethoxysilane MTMS precursor was used to impart hydrophobic behavior to gel network in order to form the spring back effect. In this way, porous films (up to 74% porosity) are obtained at ambient conditions. Fluorescent molecules are physically encapsulated in the ORMOSIL network during gelation. Fluorescence of the films was found to be stable even after 3 months, proving the successful fixing of the dye into the ORMOSIL network. The functional ORMOSIL thin films exhibited high fluorescence quenching upon exposition to TNT and DNT vapor. Fluorescence quenching responses of the films are thickness-dependent and higher fluorescence quenching efficiency was observed for the thinnest film (8.6% in 10 s). The prepared mesoporous ORMOSIL thin films have great potential in new sensor and cata...


A DFT method has been applied for quantum-chemical calculations of the molecular structure of charge-neutral complex LFeMe(μMe) 2 AlMe 2 which is formed in system LFeMe 2 + AlMe 3 (L = 2,6-bis(imino)pyridyl). Calculations suggested the formation of highly polarized complex LFeMe(μMe) 2 AlMe 2 (II) in system LFeMe 2 + AlMe 3 , characterized by r(Fe-μMe)=3.70 A and r(Al-μMe) = 2.08 A and deficient electron density on fragment [LFeMe] Q (Q = +0.80 e). Polarization of the complex progresses with the bounding of two AlMe 3 molecules (complex LFeMe(μMe) 2 AlMe 2 . 2AlMe 3 (III)) and with replacement of AlMe 3 by MeAlCl 2 (complex LFeMe(μMe) 2 AlCl 2 (IV)). The activation energy of ethylene insertion into the Fe-Me bond of these complexes has been calculated. It was found that the heat of π-complex formation increases with increasing of polarization extent in the order II III > IV.


Buildings consume a significant amount of our natural resources and have a wide range of environmental impacts. These economical and environmental concerns are a key driver behind the sustainable design movement. Selecting eco friendly building materials and methods are one way to minimize a building's economical impact. In fact, energy efficiency reductions in the construction and operation of buildings, offers one of the most significant opportunities to reduce financial burden to owners. The main objective of this paper is illustrated how the sustainable or green buildings benefits and impact on the stakeholder.


A catalyst for synthesizing arene directly from methane is composed of WO3 or MoO3 as active component (1-20 wt.%) and MCM-49 zeolite as carrier. The aromatizing reaction of methane or the mixture ofmethane and CO2 takes place in fixed-bed reactor at 650-800 deg.C, 0.05-2.5 MPa and 100-5000 ml/g.h. The product has high benzene content near 90%.


Article History: Received 23.06.2016 Received in revised form 13.07.2016 Accepted 07.08.2016 Available online 25.12.2016 The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of blended learning' students majoring with distance education about the concept of distance education via metaphors. Moreover, it has been investigated whether there is a significant difference on metaphors in terms of gender and department in the present study. A total of 130 students participated majoring with distance education at a university located in West-Blacksea region. The research data were collected via an electronic form including phrases like "distance education is similar ......; because.....". Content analysis was used for data analysis in categorizing the metaphors and chi-square analysis also used to determine whether there is a significant difference in terms of gender and department. As a result of this study, it's been seen that metaphors are collected under 6 sub-themes of "technological", "form of education", "being useful", "being negative", "autonomy" and "other". The metaphors mostly developed by students were relatively "open learning", "bubble", "fruit", "computer". Furthermore, while it was found a significant difference on metaphors as to students' depertmant, the difference was also no found as to students' gender. © 2017 IOJES. All rights reserved


The paper use of network and database technology is developed based on B/S structure of network examination system,and greatly improve the efficiency and quality of exam,to provide students with a fair and impartial exam environment.


A key to success of high quality software development is to define valid and feasible requirements specification. This paper proposes an efficient test case generation method from the validatable UML-based requirements analysis model to improve feasibility of the requirements specification.


Ear biometrics has been found to be a good and reliable technique for human recognition. With the initial doubts on uniqueness of the ear, ear biometrics could not attract much attention. But after it has been said that it is almost impossible to find two ears with all the parts identical, ear biometrics has gained its pace. To automate the ear based recognition process, ear in the image is required to be localized automatically. This paper presents a technique for the same. Ear localization in the proposed technique is carried out by using the hierarchical clustering of the edges obtained from the side face image. The technique is tested on a database consisting of 500 side face images of human faces collected at IIT Kanpur. It is found to be giving 94.6% accuracy.


We utilize Hi-Res, a regional forecasting system which provides local air quality forecasts for the metro Atlanta area since 2006, to predict the air quality impacts from wildland fires. As extensions to the Hi-Res system, the Consume and FEPS models are used to estimate the fire emissions from potential fire events. Brute-force or DDM methods are used to calculate the air quality contributions from the fires. We have tested this tool to predict air quality impacts from Jasper County prescribed fires on February 28, 2007 and the Georgia-Florida wildfires which occurred during April-May, 2007.


Reverse Ando's inequalities for positive linear maps are deduced. A difference reverse inequality is proven for solidarities one of which is of a special type that includes connections. A quotient reverse inequality (or an operator reverse Hölder inequality) for connections and for the special type of solidarities that includes connections is given. As an application an operator reverse of Hölder's inequality for the general weighted power mean is given in a difference and a quotient form. An analogous inequality in a difference form for the relative operator entropy is directly proven. An another type of reverse inequalities is given for Ando's and Davis-Choi's inequality. The estimations in this case are expressed using a kind of variation of involved family of operators. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 47A63, 47A64.


The modification of the poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) by direct esterification of its ethylene—vinyl alcohol copolymer with mercaptoacetic acid was carried out. The amount of the mercaptan group was controlled to avoid gel formation during the graft polymerization with styrene by chain transfer. The chain transfer constant (Cs) of the SH groups and graft efficiency were measured. These graft copolymers were evaluated as a blend compatibilizer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Monarch caterpillars, Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus), feed on milkweed plants in the genus Asclepias and sequester cardenolides as an anti-predator defence. However, some predators are able to consume this otherwise unpalatable prey. 2. Chinese mantids, Tenodera sinensis (Saussure), were observed consuming monarch caterpillars by 'gutting' them (i.e. removing the gut and associated internal organs). They then feed on the body of this herbivore without any apparent ill effects. 3. How adult T. sinensis handle and consume toxic (D. plexippus) and non-toxic (Ostrinia nubilalis (H¨ ubner) and Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus)) caterpillars was explored. The differences in the carbon/nitrogen (C:N) ratio and cardenolide content of monarch tissue consumed or discarded by mantids were analysed. 4. Mantids gutted monarchs while wholly consuming non-toxic species. Monarch gut tissue had a higher C:N ratio than non-gut tissue, confirming the presence of plant material. Although there were more cardenolide peaks in the monarch body compared with gut tissue, the total cardenolide concentration and polarity index did not differ.


As an enterprise-class database,SQL server possesses many functions.Developers may conduct performance analysis and optimization.In particular,as a table can have only one clustered index,the clustered index is critical and should be applied reasonably.At the same time developers must be good at using different database tools to analyze and adjust performance.Practice shows that the performance of mass data SQR database is reliable through proper optimization in a general platform.


We present a timing and glitch analysis of the young X-ray pulsar PSR J0537−6910, located within the Large Magellanic Cloud, using 13 yr of data from the now-decommissioned Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. Rotating with a spin period of 16 ms, PSR J0537−6910 is the fastest-spinning and most energetic young pulsar known. It also displays the highest glitch activity of any known pulsar. We have found 42 glitches over the data span, corresponding to a glitch rate of 3.2 yr−1, with an overall glitch activity rate of . The high glitch frequency has allowed us to study the glitch behavior in ways that are inaccessible in other pulsars. We observe a strong linear correlation between spin frequency glitch magnitude and wait time to the following glitch. We also find that the post-glitch spin-down recovery is well described by a single two-component model fit to all glitches for which we have adequate input data. This consists of an exponential amplitude , decay timescale s, and linear slope . The latter slope corresponds to a second frequency derivative , from which we find an implied braking index . We also present a maximum likelihood technique for searching for periods in event-time data, which we used to both confirm previously published values and determine rotation frequencies in later observations. We discuss the implied constraints on glitch models from the observed behavior of this system, which we argue cannot be fully explained in the context of existing theories.


This paper is written as a policy paper to discuss the dynamics of public opinion in Cuba in terms of the impact of selected events on different groups of the population and the potential it provides for building a civil society in Cuba. It is a follow-up of a previous analysis published by Freedom House in 1997 under the title Cuba: Bringing the Background to the Foreground. It contains three sections designed to address various levels of interest of potential readers.


Queer cinema is a difficult genre to pin down, precisely because "queerness" itself is a slippery notion and so frequently falls out of the grasp of categorization due to its fluid nature. The considerations of what is thought of as queer in cinema is relatively wide-ranging in era, style and production background. However it does appear that broadly, in attempting to discuss and address "queerness" in cinema, we are repeatedly met with films whose primary concern is the way in which sexualities and genders are represented in character and narrative. This might take the form of representing marked identities such as "LGBTQAI+" or a retroactive reading of films which perform queer tropes under the guise of a heterosexual appearance such as the classical Hollywood melodramas of Vincent Minelli and Nicolas Ray which directors such as Pedro Almodovar later lovingly reference and play with in their contemporary and more overtly "queer" films. Though such reading of/and representations of marginalized bodies is essential for cinema's progression, this paper resists conflating categories of LGBTQAI+ peoples with queerness, and instead theorizes queer attitudes through radical practices of looking and formal aesthetics. The paper uses David Michael Levin's terms "aletheic" and "assertoric" to describe two distinct (but not binary) modes of vision: one as plural and polyvalent (and thus queered), and one as hegemonic and singular (and thus heteronormalized), respectively. By exploring a queer aesthetic situation, as opposed to a queer narrative situation, we can read a filmic text as formally producing queerness in affect, materiality and subjectivity in an embodied manner. The examples used to underpin this theorizing of queer aesthetics are selected primarily because of their disturbance of conventional form as they do not share a specific style or subject of investigation.


PURPOSE: A semiconductor laser, a driving method thereof, and a semiconductor laser device are provide to obtain a peak light intensity with a watt level or more by combining the existing high output semiconductor laser with an electric drive based electronic device. CONSTITUTION: A semiconductor laser device includes a pulse generator(10) and a semiconductor laser(20) driven according to a driving pulse from the pulse generator. The semiconductor laser is made of GaN based material of an emission wavelength of 405 nm. The pulse generator performs a gain switching operation of the GaN based semiconductor laser. The pulse current is ten times higher than the critical value. The width of the pulse current of the semiconductor laser is 10 nano second or less. The value of the pulse current is 0.4 ampere or more.


Title Exopeptidases and gingipains in Porphyromonas gingivalis as prerequisites for its amino acid metabolism Author(s) Nemoto, Takayuki K.; Ohara-Nemoto, Yuko Citation Japanese Dental Science Review, 52(1), pp.22-29; 2016 Issue Date 2016-02 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10069/36140 Right © 2015 Japanese Association for Dental Science.; This is an openaccess article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Academic Output SITE


Searches for charm particle production using bubble chambers are summarized. These searches depend on the detection of neutral strange particles. Upper limits are given for the different charmed mass regions and methods of search. (auth)


Intertidal energy levels historicallylight and nocturnal tidal cycles. Diurnal differences in taxon abundances suggest diurnal vertical migration. have precluded the use of conventional plankton sampling methods in rocky inshore habitats. A new sampling device (intertidal plankton trap) that exploits wave surge was used to determine the composition, distribution, and abundance patterns of zooplankton from the surf zone of a rocky shore habitat. On three separate dates, replicate traps were used to sample consecutive tides, concurrently at two locations, to assess diurnal differences in inshore zooplankton during daylight and nocturnal tidal cycles. Diurnal differences in taxon abundances suggest diurnal vertical migration.


Abstract Using data on the extent of prebasic molt in known-aged adult and first-winter Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana), we assessed the accuracy of the molt limit as a tool for ageing birds. Sixty-nine known-aged birds were examined over the winter 2002–2003 in upper Carmel Valley, California. We also examined 29 breeding males in spring 2004 to assess the accuracy of this method for ageing birds during the breeding season. All birds were aged correctly using molt limit as the defining characteristic. We found that all first-winter birds had replaced 2–8 greater secondary coverts, while adults had replaced all wing coverts. We observed no significant sexual variation in the extent of first prebasic molt. These results indicate that the extent of prebasic molt is a highly reliable means of ageing birds in this population.


The VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) began service to ordinary roads throughout the Tokyo area, to expressways around Tokyo, and to main expressways (the Tomei and Meishin Inter-City Expressways) in April 1996. In December 1996, service was initiated to roads in Osaka and to expressways around Osaka. VICS information service commenced for ordinary roads and inner-city expressways throughout Aichi Prefecture and to all inter-city expressways in Japan in April 1997. The area of operations will continue to be expanded and it is expected that VICS service will be provided to ordinary roads in all major cities in the country in the near future. In this paper, the authors analyze how effectively the VICS information has been utilized by users and the actual effectiveness of the system since the start of operations. A variety of tests promoted by the VICS Center before and after operation are also described. The evaluation test showed that VICS information is effective at reducing travel times. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.


Digital Image processing is basically a computer-algorithm which is used to enhance the quality of image to understand the feature of image and exact the meaningful features information from image. Image processing has wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input image and can escape the difficulty as the signal distortion and add noise in input image at the time of processing of images. Noises affect the image visualization and degraded the image quality, sometimes chaotic variation in value of pixel intensity, lighting effect or because of poor contrast, image can't be used directly because many time interest feature information not received as output that's one reason image processing is significant for removal of noise from images, so noise removal is becomes trending field in image processing. Median filter method is one of most popular method to eradicate the effect of noise from image and it enhances the image quality to take meaningful feature easily from image. In this paper removing of noise using median filter to enhance the image quality is discussed, also the importance and applications of enhancement technique are covered. Parameter PSNR and MSE is also used to analysis the image quality along with the visualization of image. Simulation results show that Median filter gives good outcome for salt & pepper noise as compare to other filtering method. MATLAB software is used as simulation tool.


By means of setting up experimental spots of the controlling effect of five main soil conservation measures (i.e. contour strip cropping,building ridge,biological wash_resistant belt green manure crop belt and apple belt,and contour terraced field) on soil loss amount of sloping cultivated land in the northeast mountain region of Yunnan province,and measuring continuously over three years,the P values of every measures has been drew out,i.e. contour strip cropping 0 5532,building ridge 0 1836,biological wash_resistant belt green manure crop belt 0 3745,apple belt 0 4962,contour terraced field 0 0316.The results showed that carrying out the engineering of transforming slope into terrace is the root measure of controlling soil erosion of sloping cultivated land.


Background Dietary management is considered a potential adjunctive treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Short-video sharing platforms have enabled patients to obtain dietary advice more conveniently. However, accessing useful resources while avoiding misinformation is not an easy task for most patients. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the information in IBD diet–related videos on Chinese short-video sharing platforms. Methods We collected and extracted information from a total of 125 video samples related to the IBD diet on the 3 Chinese short-video sharing platforms with the most users: TikTok, Bilibili, and Kwai. Two independent physicians evaluated each video in terms of content comprehensiveness, quality (rated by Global Quality Score), and reliability (rated by a modified DISCERN tool). Finally, comparative analyses of the videos from different sources were conducted. Results The videos were classified into 6 groups based on the identity of the uploaders, which included 3 kinds of medical professionals (ie, gastroenterologists, nongastroenterologists, and clinical nutritionists) and 3 types of non–medical professionals (ie, nonprofit organizations, individual science communicators, and IBD patients). The overall quality of the videos was poor. Further group comparisons demonstrated that videos from medical professionals were more instructive in terms of content comprehensiveness, quality, and reliability than those from non–medical professionals. Moreover, IBD diet–related recommendations from clinical nutritionists and gastroenterologists were of better quality than those from nongastroenterologists, while recommendations from nonprofit organizations did not seem to be superior to other groups of uploaders. Conclusions The overall quality of the information in IBD diet-related videos is unsatisfactory and varies significantly depending on the source. Videos from medical professionals, especially clinical nutritionists and gastroenterologists, may provide dietary guidance with higher quality for IBD patients.


We consider the problem of modeling the biological activity of inhibitors (belonging to the paullone family) for Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3). The development of a nonlinear model that establishes the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) involves an uncertainty regarding the optimal choice of molecular descriptors, structure of the model, number of free model parameters, and so on. This study advocates the use of a fuzzy filter, that mathematically takes into account the underlying uncertainties, for the handling of the uncertainties. The modeling performance is prevented from being adversely affected by the uncertainties with the help of a fuzzy filter. We demonstrate that a robustness of the modeling performance against uncertainties could be achieved using the proposed approach.


SYRACO (SYstème de Reconnaissance Automatique de COccolithes) is a software that pilots an automatic microscope and a digital camera in order to automatically recognize coccolith species and measure their morphological characteristic based on artificial neural networks. The first version was displayed in 1996 (Dollfus and Beaufort, 1996; 1999) and was scientifically used for the first time in 2001 (Beaufort et al., 2001). SYRACO evolved during the last 20 years in many aspects such as the architecture of the neural networks, the image scanning and pre-treatments. Twenty years ago, SYRACO was dedicated to quaternary paleoceanographic studies, because it was able to recognize morphological classes. With all the developments, it is now able to be used in biostratigraphy as it is able to determine coccolith species. The latest version of SYRACO will be described, and an example of application to a south Pacific core will be given.


From Introduction: "This report describes the lead and zinc deposits and the mining methods employed in the sheet-ground area of the Joplin district, Missouri, and discusses the causes and the methods of abating rock dust in the mines, the chemical and physical characteristics of the dust, and the quantities present in mine air."


This thesis deals with the status and assertion of persons with health disability on labour market. The thesis consists of two parts, the theoretical and the practical. The theoretical part aims on the definition of a person with health disability and relation of employment agency, recruitment agency and employers to such persons. Tools of employment policy used for support of persons with health disability and other different forms of support are described here. Last chapter deals with unemployment in Olomouc region, its development and candidates for employment with health disability and about active employment policy. Practical part is methodical research which was quantitatively oriented and realized by questionnaires. Its aim is to find out how is the assertion of persons with health disability on labour market in Olomouc city.


Changes in complex phenotypes, such as pathogenicity levels, trophic lifestyle, and habitat shifts are brought on by multiple genomic changes: sub- and neofunctionalization, loss of function, and levels of gene expression. Thus, detecting the signature of selection in coding sequences and associating it with shifts in phenotypic state can unveil the genes underlying complex traits. Phylogenetic branch-site codon models are routinely applied to detect changes in selective patterns along specific branches of the phylogeny. These methods rely on a pre-specified partition of the phylogeny to branch categories, thus treating the course of trait evolution as fully resolved and assuming that transitions in phenotypic states have occurred only at speciation events. Here we present TraitRELAX, a new phylogenetic model that alleviates these strong assumptions by explicitly accounting for the uncertainty in the evolution of both trait and coding sequences. This joint statistical framework enables the detection of changes in selection intensity upon repeated trait transitions. We evaluated the performance of TraitRELAX using simulations and then applied it to two case studies. Using TraitRELAX, we found an intensification of selection in the SEMG2 gene in polygynandrous species of primates compared to species of other mating forms, as well as changes in the intensity of purifying selection operating on sixteen bacterial genes upon transitioning from free-living to an endosymbiotic lifestyle.


Abstract We deal with a restricted form WC-N′ of the weak continuity principle, a version BT′ of Baire's theorem, and a boundedness principle BD-N. We show, in the spirit of constructive reverse mathematics, that WC-N′, BT′ + ¬LPO and BD-N + ¬LPO are equivalent in a constructive system, where LPO is the limited principle of omniscience.