ON A TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 21, 1934, a plantation manager, accompanied by a deputy sheriff, broke up a meeting at Clear Lake Church in rural Mississippi County, Arkansas. They carted off four people-an Asian man, his Mexican wife, and two black men-to jail in Blytheville, where they were tried a few days later on the charge of anarchy and convicted. Their crime had been to attempt to organize black residents of Mississippi County into a chapter of the Original Independent Benevolent African Pacific Movement of the World, a group that looked to Japan as the protector of the "colored races." The Justice Department even sent an agent to Blytheville to review the case. Eight years later, in the months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, another federal agent came to Mississippi County to investigate whether the local black population might harbor a pro-Japan fifth column. The 1934 events, occurring over a couple of weeks in the northeastern corner of Arkansas, might seem curious and insignificant from the perspective of today. But this small local story sheds light on some significant themes in southern history during the Great Depression. It may surprise us that some black sharecroppers in depression-plagued Arkansas looked to Japan for inspiration or solace and also that whites would fear a conspiracy between Asians and the local black population. While information that would allow us to penetrate very far into the psychology of those who joined the Pacific Movement is lacking, one can infer from the movement's existence a remarkable degree of race consciousness and international awareness among black farmers in northeastern Arkansas. Even more clearly, we can see a high degree of white paranoia about any attempt to organize black people at the nadir of the Great Depression, and, after Pearl Harbor, a fear of disloyalty among African Americans when the United States was at war. Race consciousness among rural black Arkansans did not appear out of thin air in 1934. For decades, black men and women in the cotton fields-not just in towns-had displayed a surprising degree of activism and interest in a world beyond America. In another work, I have described how in the late 1800s Arkansas became the nerve center within the United States for a black migration movement to Africa. Around 700 black Arkansans actually emigrated to Liberia in the last quarter of the century, and they inspired fascination with the "dark continent" among those left behind. One manifestation of this interest in Africa was mission work. As foreign mission work was getting into full gear in the 1890s, a quarter of black American missionaries to the African continent hailed from Arkansas.1 Arkansas's African emigration movement was a form of resistance to white oppression and an expression of black nationalism. The movement directed people of color to separate from white America to an all-black world of Liberia, and, if that were not possible, to remove to all-black towns opening up in the 1890s in what would later become Oklahoma. By the 1920s, this black nationalism resurfaced in Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). In addition to the notions of separation and race consciousness, Garvey enshrined Liberia as a destination for black settlers and symbol of a successful black state.2 Until recently, people have considered Garvey's UNIA, with its headquarters in Harlem, primarily as a northern urban movement, somehow neglecting the fact that most black residents of Chicago, Detroit, Philadelphia, and New York in the 1920s had recently arrived from the rural South. But Mary Rolinson, in Grassroots Garveyism: The Universal Negro Improvement Association in the Rural South, 1920-1927, has demonstrated that the movement flourished in the cotton belt, particularly in the same area of eastern Arkansas that had been on fire for African emigration thirty years before. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which emphasized integration and equality of the races, had branches in only five Arkansas towns in the 1920s. …


Purpose – This paper empirically analyzed the determinants of the online food market in Korea and Vietnam as representatives of the developed market and emerging market. The online food market can be regarded as having a high potential value. This study aims to suggest the appropriate implications for each developed market and emerging market by empirically comparing and analyzing customers' online food purchase determinants in the growth change of the online food market. Design/methodology – The empirical model of this study was established with the motif of the TAM+Trust model suggested by Nguyen et al.'s (2019) existing theoretical framework. Davis's (1989) TAM model was adopted to establish a framework related to the determinants that consumers would accept, for the online food purchasing method. Then, the trust variable is added to the framework which is regarded as an important effector especially in food related researches. In this study's comparative analysis, the multi-group structural equation modeling analysis was implemented. Findings – The main finding of this study can be summarized as that the moderating effect of nationality is significant. This means that there is an obvious difference between the developed online food market and the emerging online food market. In addition, as the growth of the online market changes, the significant determinants of consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions are somewhat different. However, the usefulness of online food purchasing methods and the trust of websites were analyzed as significant factors. Originality/value – Although the potential of the online food market is abundant, studies on the determinants of customer's attitude and purchase intention are insufficient. Moreover, comparative studies between countries have not been conducted in existing studies. Therefore, the research value of this paper can be explained in that it has suggested implications for the continued growth of the online food market.


The acetylene by dry process technology was introduced,the safety,economy,and environmental impact were analysed,and compared with wet process.The application effect of mother liquor water treatment technology were introduced.


The automatic filling and packaging of foodstuffs under aseptic to low-bacterial count conditions is accomplished by disinfecting a packaging material for at least one second by means of high-intensity ultraviolet radiation, generated by a high-current, low-pressure mercury discharge with a current density of more than 1 A/cm2 and a mercury pressure of 5x10-3 to 5x10-1 Torr, wherein the spectral radiation intensity of the 253.7 nm line of the ultraviolet radiation UV on the packaging material 1, 2, 3 is set to at least 0.05 W/cm2.


We describe an implementation of torsional work at high altitude employing an aerial robot equipped with an upward directed hand on top of a hexarotor airframe, considering its workspace above the airframe. The aerial robot in this study consists of a small hexarotor platform and a robotic hand module including a gripper. After grasping the object, the torsional work is executed by using yaw rotation of the body of the robot. For increasing a torque for the torsional task, an impact device is embedded at the base of the hand module. A maximum instant torque generated with this impact device was more than 4 N·m. In addition, the number of rotations of the body is measured through images captured by an onboard camera mounted beside the hand. Through experiments, we verified the feasibility of the present robot by successfully unscrewing a light bulb set to the socket above the robot and safely landing with the detached bulb.


This paper presents that using Kalman filter theory optimally estimates precision of distances between holes in parts that are to be assembled into batch-finished products. It has mainly solved two aspects of problems. (1) How to write out state equations. (2) The state results obtained by applying Kalman filter theory to error theory are superior to those by classical error theory.<<ETX>>


The fatigue crack growth behavior of an aluminium alloy, 2618, and a composite material, 2618 reinforced with 15 vol. % silicon carbide particulate, has been investigated at room temperature and at 180{degree}C. The composite material has higher threshold stress intensity for long crack growth and superior resistance to fatigue crack growth at room temperature. There is evidence to support the view that asperity induced crack closure promoted by the particulate and causing fracture surface mismatch is more effective than the closure mechanism operating in the unreinforced material. Increasing the temperature to 180{degree}C resulted in lower threshold values and increased fatigue crack growth rates for both materials when compared to those at room temperature, with the unreinforced alloy having a higher threshold than the composite material, but faster growth rates in the Paris regime. Although crack growth in the composite material occurred at the matrix particle interface at both temperatures investigated, there was considerably less deflection of the crack tip observed during fatigue crack growth at 180{degree}C. Fractographic investigations revealed the length of test to be a factor governing the amount of oxide present on the fatigue fracture surface.


This article presents a damage identification method based on structural natural frequencies and mode shape points. According to the well-posedness analysis of this method, an algorithm is proposed to find the optimal combination of natural frequencies and mode shape points. Then, an integrated scheme that consists of the optimal point selection, the damage identification and the measurement noise updating is presented. In such a way, the damage identification errors due to measurement noises can be greatly suppressed. Numerical examples demonstrate that although structural damage parameters are very sensitive to the measurement noises, especially the noises in natural frequencies, they can be reliably identified if the natural frequencies and mode shape points are properly selected using the proposed method.


Species distribution models use occurrence data of the focus species together with environmental variables to estimate a habitat suitability score. Typically, the discrimination capacity of the models, that is, how good the instances of presence and absence are correctly classified, is assessed with statistics such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). However, the value of any discrimination statistic depends on the distribution of the suitability scores in the evaluation dataset, the so‐called representativeness effect. For example, the same well‐calibrated model evaluated with two datasets, one set with mostly intermediate predicted values (around 0.5) and another set in which most cases have extreme predicted values (close to 0 and close to 1), will yield low (towards 0.5) and high (towards 1) AUC values, respectively. Thus, discrimination values are entirely context dependent and cannot be directly compare between datasets because they are not intrinsic measures of a model's performance. In this contribution, I propose a methodology based on stratified bootstrapping with an inverse probability weighting that makes the distribution of the suitability values uniform and harmonizes the AUC so that the so‐called uAUC can now be compared between different datasets. I run simulations considering a range of sample sizes and different initial distributions of the suitability values to validate the method. I apply the method to an empirical exercise, and implement it in the R package vandalico. Although I mainly focused on the AUC, the harmonization procedure can be applied to any other discrimination measure that is prevalence independent in a strict mathematical sense, such as the sensitivity star (Se*). To provide accurate estimations, it is important to have a high‐quality evaluation dataset, that is, a dataset that covers the whole spectrum of suitability values and a minimum sample size of at least 150 cases. Further research is needed to develop a method to estimate reliable confidence intervals. I expect the harmonization methodology proposed here to be of interest in other research areas (besides ecology) that deal with discrimination/classification problems.


With Cu、Cr and rare earth powders as raw material,Cu-15wt%Cr and Cu-15wt%Cr-RE composite powders were prepared by mechanical alloying.The evolution of structure of the powder during ball milling was studied by XRD and SEM and microhardness of the powders milled for different time was measured.The results show that with increase of milling time,the solid solubility of Cr in Cu increases,grain size decreases gradually and microstrain increases,resulting in increase of microhardness of the composite powders.In the milling process,the effect of mechanical alloying is enhanced for the Cu15wt%Cr powder doped with a certain amount of rare earth.


It is found that aromatic nitroxyl radical 4,4′-dimetoxydiphenylamine-1-oxyl effectively inhibites oxidation of 2-vinyl pyridine and breaks an average of 5 oxidation chains per molecule. A possible mechanism of the process was proposed.


Introduction: Patient information leaflets on pain medication primarily list side effects while positive effects and action mechanisms remain underrepresented. Nocebo research has shown that negative instructions can lower analgesic effects. Objectives: Research on information leaflets and their influence on mood, memory of side effects, and intake behavior of healthy participants is needed. Methods: To determine the ratio of positive to negative phrases, 18 information leaflets of common, over-the-market analgesics were examined of which 1 was selected. In a randomized, controlled study design, 18 healthy participants read this leaflet while 18 control group participants read a matched, neutral leaflet of an electrical device. Collected data concerned the recall of positive and negative contents, mood, anxiety, and the willingness to buy and take the drug. Results: All examined leaflets listed significantly more side effects than positive effects (t17 = 5.82, P < 0.01). After reading the analgesic leaflet, participants showed a trend towards more negative mood (F1,34 = 3.78, P = 0.06, &eegr;p2 = 0.1), a lower intention to buy [&khgr;2 (1, n = 36) = 12.5, P < 0.01], a higher unwillingness to take the medication [&khgr;2 (1, n = 36) = 7.2, P < 0.01], and even a greater recall for side effects than positive effects (t17 = 7.47, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Reading the patient information leaflets can increase fear and lower the intention to buy and the willingness to take a pain medication.


Workshop on Intelligent Networked and Mobile Systems Track1: Ontologies for Networked Systems (ONS).- A Framework for Semantic Grid Service Discovery.- Toward a Formal Common Information Model Ontology.- On Using Conceptual Modeling for Ontologies.- MetaData Pro: Ontology-Based Metadata Processing for Web Resources.- Service-Oriented Semantic Peer-to-Peer Systems.- Towards Cross-Domain Security Properties Supported by Ontologies.- Short Papers.- Open Knowledge Exchange for Workforce Development.- ShanghaiGrid Portal: The Current Stage of Building Information Grid Portal.- Track2: Advances in Mobile Learning (AML).- Learning Communities Support by Mobile Systems Based on Peer-to-Peer Networks.- A Context-Adaptive Model for Mobile Learning Applications.- MobiLearn: An Open Approach for Structuring Content for Mobile Learning Environments.- Smart Virtual Counterparts for Learning Communities.- Design and Implementation of Mobile Class Web Site for Promoting Communication.- A Personal Knowledge Assistant for Knowledge Storing, Integrating, and Querying.- Short Papers.- Facilitating Collaborative Learning in Virtual (and Sometimes Mobile) Environments.- A Fundamental Web-Board System Toward the Adaptive Mobile School Web Site.- Mobile Computer-Assisted Language Learning Courseware for Korean Language Learners.- Workshop onWeb Information Systems Track1: Fragmentation Versus Integration - Perspective of theWeb Information System Discipline (FIPWIS).- The Co-design Approach to WIS Development in E-business and E-learning Applications.- Using KCPM for Defining and Integrating Domain Ontologies.- Mobile Content Adaptation as an Optimisation Problem.- Applying Database Semantics to the WWW.- X-Square: A Hybrid Three-Dimensional Bitmap Indexing for XML Document Retrieval.- An Economy-Based Accounting System for Grid Computing Environments.- Track2:Web Services Quality (WQW).- QoS-Based Message-Oriented Middleware for Web Services.- Incorporating QoS Specifications in Service Discovery.- QoS Based Pricing for Web Services.


Proteins sharing similar molecular functions are found to co-localize in MAP2000, pointing towards a new scheme for structure-based functional inference for remote homologues using calculated distances between proteins in the map. Here, we present a method that uses the distances in the MAP2000 fold space to predict functionally similar protein pairs. We found that this scheme consistently outperformed other predictions made based on either the raw scores or normalized Z-scores of pair-wise DALI structure alignment.


PURPOSE: To reduce bleed between different colors in color inkjet. CONSTITUTION: As certain colorants become insoluble under specified pH conditions, by forcing a colorant printed on a paper to become insoluble, migration of the colorant is inhibited. It is possible thereby to reduce bleed among inks of different colors. The colorant is forced out of soln. from the ink soln. by bringing it into contact with another ink having the appropriate pH. An ink compsn. contg. a colorant comprising a pigment and a pH-sensitive dispersant is used in conjunction with the characteristics based on the pH.


Co‐adsorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) and arsenate [As(V)] was investigated using modified granular activated carbons (GAC): untreated, sodium hypochlorite‐treated (NaClO‐GAC), and NaClO with iron‐treated GAC (NaClO/Fe‐GAC). Batch experiments of single‐ [TCE or As(V)] and binary‐ [TCE and As(V)] components solutions are evaluated through Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and adsorption kinetic tests. In the single‐component system, the adsorption capacity of As(V) was increased by the NaClO‐GAC and the NaClO/Fe‐GAC. The untreated GAC showed a low adsorption capacity for As(V). Adsorption of TCE by the NaClO/Fe‐GAC was maximized, with an increased Freundlich constant. Removal of TCE in the binary‐component system was decreased 15% by the untreated GAC, and NaClO‐ and NaClO/Fe‐GAC showed similar efficiency to the single‐component system because of the different chemical status of the GAC surfaces. Results of the adsorption isotherms of As(V) in the binary‐component system were similar to adsorption isotherms of the single‐component system. The adsorption affinities of single‐ and binary‐component systems corresponded with electron transfer, competitive adsorption, and physicochemical properties.


Abstract : Based on lessons learned through implementation of the Pittsburgh Regional Healthcare Initiative's region-wide shared learning model, we have identified the environmental, cultural, and infrastructure changes in health care that will be necessary to achieve significant, widespread patient safety improvement. However, the issues that arise are (1) approaching patient safety as a systems problem, and (2) overcoming challenges that arise when working across 40 hospitals to improve medication safety and infection control through regionwide reporting, information sharing, and problem-solving. Despite regionwide advances in awareness, knowledge, and action regarding patient safety, limitations of current reporting systems and realities constraining their use inhibit widespread error reporting, timely and effective information sharing, and adoption of real-time practice changes that lead to improved patient outcomes. Achievement of improved patient safety requires enhanced health care leadership commitment and learning systems that enable everyone in an organization to identify and solve safety problems to their root cause in real time and share what is learned.


Recent developments in electronic computers have resulted in the production of a variety of simulators. One of these is a hybrid computing system manu factured to perform analysis and prediction of floods on the river Kitakami. Having an analog computer as a main assembly, the system operates to indicate the water level and discharge at every moment in the main stream and each branch according to the volume of rainfall wen by means of punched paper tape. It is a novel large-scale special system which is in practical use. The introduction into the computer of volume of rainfall by means of a multiplex time- variable function generator and the use of transfer function representation for hydrographic data are the most conspicuous among many features.


Background / Objectives: The major countries with manufacturing powers are working to secure competitiveness leading the future manufacturing industry by combining manufacturing and ICT. Smart Factory, which is at the center of its efforts, is a future-oriented production paradigm that improves productivity by integrating product planning, design, production, and distribution into IT technology.
Methods / Statistical analysis: Various countries are already pursuing policies to spread smart factories, and the Korean government will also build up 10,000 smart factories by 2020. It creates a 1 trillion won manufacturing innovation resource jointly with the private sector for the small and medium-sized enterprises to strengthen the capabilities of IT, and software.
Findings: In this paper, a panel maker participated directly in the government support project and constructed a product lifecycle management (PLM) system (design field) and derived the KPI and measured the actual effect. However, there is a lack of information about the technology or architecture required for actual construction.
Improvements / Applications: In this paper, we introduce the PLM design automation part in smart factory construction and present an example of unification and standardization of symbol mark required by product standard (IEC, ANIS, KS).


The construction project possesses some features such as the larger investment,wider social benefit,longer construction period,etc.,in order to guarantee the smooth realization of the project construction,the control of construction cost is one of the key factors.Design phase is an important phase determining the construction cost,and the design quality and design level are undoubtedly the key factors influencing the whole construction cost.This paper mainly introduces some key factors that are closely connected with the construction cost in the design phase.


Shih-tung Tsai, a longtime professor of plasma physics at the Institute of Physics in Beijing, died in Beijing from liver cancer on 20 June 1996. Tsai was born in Shanghai[a] on 1 May 1938. As a youth, he moved with his parents to Taiwan, where he graduated from Tunghai University in Taichung with a BSc in physics in 1960. He then studied at Dartmouth College, where he received a master's degree in physics in 1965. Finally, he went to Princeton University, where he studied under Thomas H. Stix at the plasma physics laboratory and was awarded a PhD in astrophysical sciences in 1969.


Abstract Application of new preparation techniques for cleaning and study of fossil crabs to Dromiopsis rugosa (Schlotheim, 1820), from the late middle Danian limestone in the Fakse quarry, Denmark, has revealed remarkable detail of the carapace surface and epibionts infesting inner and outer surfaces of the carapace. Epibionts, identified as clionid sponges, scleractinian corals, cheilostome and ctenostome bryozoans, serpulid worms, and brachiopods, are interpreted as having attached to molted carapaces after the molted carapace had been released.


The triggering mechanism and the vibration patterns of the nonlinear whirling motion of monopile offshore wind turbines subjected to unidirectional base excitations are investigated both theoretically and experimentally via a 64:1 scaled model of the prototype NREL-5MW monopile offshore wind turbine. For motion, two nonlinear coupled integro-differential equations containing cubic nonlinearities due to curvature and inertia are solved by both analytical and numerical methods. Harmonic and random seismic base excitations with different amplitudes and frequencies are considered in the analysis to understand the instability mechanism. Extensive shake table tests show that the experimental results have good qualitative agreements with the theoretical results, and as observed in eight load cases, the nonlinear whirling motions of nacelle do exist and tend to be induced by large harmonic excitations with structural resonant frequency.


Objective:To construct short-hairpin RNA(shRNA)eukaryotic expression vector targeting CXC chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),and to observe its impact on the proliferation,adhesion and migration of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.Methods:The fragments of CXCR4 shRNA were synthesized and cloned into pGCsi-U6-Neo-GFP vector.The recombinant plasmids were transfected into 293T cells and the most effective interfering vector was selected.MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected by liposome assay.The effects of silencing CXCR4 expression by shRNA on the growth,adhesion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells were determined by CCK8,cell-matrix adhesion and wound healing assays,respectively.Results:The shRNA eukaryotic expression vectors targeting CXCR4(CXCR4-shRNA)were successfully constructed and transfected into 293T cells.RT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that the maximum inhibitory rate of CXCR4 expression was 81.3%.CXCR4-shRNA transfection significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells(P0.05)and the adhesion between MDA-MB-231 cells and extracellular matrix(P0.05).Wound healing experiment showed that the migration distance of MDA-MB-231 cells in CXCR4-shRNA transfection group was significantly lower than those in the control plasmid and the blank control group(P0.01).Conclusion:CXCR4-shRNA interfering vector can specifically inhibit CXCR4 expression,proliferation,adhesion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells.


Background:Ustekinumab is a fully human monoclonal IgGk antibody that blocks the p40 subunit shared by IL-12/23, inhibiting its binding to the receptor in T, NK and CPA cells 1. Multiple clinical trials have proved its efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis and for the induction and maintenance of remission in anti-TNF resistant Crohn's disease.1,2 Its effectiveness and experience in Latin American patients is nonexistent. In this study we report the experience of 3 centers that treated patients with moderate to severe anti-TNF-resistant Crohn's disease. Methods:Open, retrospective, observational study. Clinical response was evaluated by CDAI score at 3, 6, 12 months, and until last meeting, in addition to CRP levels. Results:Seven patients were included in the study, 4 females and 3 males, mean age 49 ± 15, 4 patients had perianal involvement. The initial clinical response was reached at 3 months in 71.4% of patients (CDAI <150). At 6 months, 80% of patients with initial response maintained their response. At 12 months of follow-up, 60% of responders held initial response, in one of them treatment was suspended because of multiple episodes of sinusitis. At the time of the latest follow-up (10 ± 2.3 months) 57% of patients were in remission and 85% were able to discontinue steroids. Conclusions:In this cohort of Mexican patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease resistant to anti-TNF, initial response was observed in 71.4% of patients. This response was maintained in most patients at 6 months. At 12 months 60% of the initial responders maintained their response. Ustekinumab is a therapeutic option in this group of patients highly difficult to control.


Phytoplankton is the primary producer whose existence depends not only on the nutrient. The eastern part of Segara Anakan waters experienced changes where the decline in quality which received input from organic and inorganic wastes and residential, industrial and factory wastes of Holcim and Pertamina factories. The purpose of this research is to study the water quality and to study the relationship between water quality and abundance of phytoplankton at the eastern part of Segara Anakan. The result showed that Water quality in Segara Anakan waters in the eastern part of Cilacap consists of several parameters that beyond the quality standards according to the Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 51 of 2004 such as pH, Nitrate, Ammonia, Phosphate, and TSS. Water temperature is a physical factor which has a strong negative correlation with the abundance of phytoplankton, followed by TSS as a physical factor which has a positive correlation. The chemical factor which has a positive correlation with abundance are TDS, Nitrite and pH, followed by Phosphate, Salinity, Ammonia, and Nitrate which has a negative correlation with the abundance of phytoplankton.
Key Words: Environmental factor, phytoplankton, Segara Anakan, Spatial variation, temporal variation.


Roots of the transcendental equations j/sub l/(lambda)/y/sub l/(lambda) =j/sub l/(..cap alpha..lambda) i/sub l/ (a)/i/sub j/(a)-j/sub l/(..cap alpha..lambda)/..sqrt..vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar)/(y/sub l/ (..cap alpha..lambda) i/sub l/(a)/i/sub l/(a)-y/sub l/ (..cap alpha..lambda)/..sqrt..vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar)/a=..cap alpha..lambda..sqrt..vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar and (etaj/sub l/(eta)-lj/sub l/(eta))/(etay/sub l/ (eta)-ly/sub l/(eta))=vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar..beta..j/sub l/(..beta..)/(1+vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar) -lj/sub l/(..beta..)+..sqrt..vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar..beta..j/sub l/(..beta..) i/sub l/ (b)/(1+vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar) i/sub l/(b))/(vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar..beta..y/sub l/ (..beta..)/(1+vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar)-ly/sub l/(..beta..)+..sqrt..vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar..beta..y/sub l/(..beta..) i/sub l/(b)/(1+vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar) i/sub l/(b))/..beta.. =..cap alpha..eta/b=..beta sqrt..vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar for the spherical Bessel functions of the first and second kind, j/sub l/(x) and y/sub l/(x), and for the modified spherical Bessel functions of the first kind, i/sub l/(x), have been computed. The ranges for the parameters ..sqrt..vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar and ..cap alpha.., the order l and the root index n are: ..sqrt..vertical-barepsilonvertical-bar=1.0, 10.0 100.0, 500.0; ..cap alpha..=0.1(0.1)0.7; lambda=1(1)15; n=1(1)30.


Materials and methods: A total of 139 patients with lung cancer who underwent curative surgery from January 2009 to November 2010 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Besides clinicopathological prognostic factors, we evaluated the prognostic value of ABO blood type on survival. Univariate analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate analysis by Cox Regression Hazard model to measure 5-year Overall survival (OS), Progression free survival (PFS), Distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), Relapse free survival(RFS).


This special issue of Cultural Trends follows on from a previous special issue, Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion (Cultural Trends 50, 2004). Like Cultural Trends 50, it is dedicated to the project Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion: A Critical Investigation, which was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) between March 2003 and February 2006. This was a large-scale research inquiry which considered cultural tastes, knowledge and forms of cultural participation in contemporary Britain in relation to some of the key indicators of social divisions and differences: class, gender, ethnicity, education, residence, income etc. Whereas Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion introduced a collection of papers which explored the concept of cultural capital and its potential role in social inclusion policy and delivery, the present issue is specifically concerned with detailed analyses of the research itself, and it presents selected and provisional findings. The papers collected together in this issue of Cultural Trends reveal the inequalities that characterize the British population's relationships with culture as being strongly connected to some of the main drivers of social stratification. They leave little doubt about the interconnections between cultural, social and economic inequalities. As a matter of political convenience, certain sections of the population's degree of cultural disengagement have tended to be described in terms of social exclusion or cultural deprivation. However, the research reported here suggests that such exclusions manifest the ways in which cultural and economic capital—education and occupational class—work to produce cultural inequalities within the mainstream. This observation clearly has implications for cultural policy. Having drawn attention to the balance of taste profiles within the population, it suggests that policy aims might be formulated in ways which relate to how cultural capital and economic capital operate across a range of social divisions. A standard (if not implausible) aspiration of current cultural policy is to 'zoom' individuals across the space of lifestyles. This crudely assumes that people from 'disadvantaged' backgrounds, whose preferences are for quizzes, game shows and reality TV, might not only be encouraged, but also successfully persuaded, to go to the theatre or embrace contemporary art. While not disputing the value of such goals, the research reported here contends that there is potential for more immediately achievable purposes, and longer-term, sustainable outcomes with identifiable consequences for larger percentages of the population. Given the marked social divisions in contemporary Britain, these objectives might be achieved by a policy that focuses rather more on creating a greater balance between people's tastes and preferences for cultural forms, and concentrates rather less on the extreme differences between them.


How does one identify a phenomenon as radically new or "unprecedented"? Do, in fact, "unprecedented" phenomena exist at all, as presumably some degree of continuity marks every state of affairs? If, however, the idea of continuity is taken too far, are we not at risk of domesticating a radical tendency by conceptually transmuting it into something that is already known? These questions are of pressing importance since September 11th, as commentators warn that America and its allies face radically new enemies in the guise of "rogue" states, movements, and terrorist organizations. Yet sociology has had to grapple with similar issues before. In the 1930s and 1940s, the consolidation of fascist and Nazi movements also taxed sociological understanding and competence to the maximum. This article describes aspects of American sociology's response to that earlier challenge, contrasting it with the approach of Hannah Arendt, who condemned the discipline for systematically failing to appreciate the uniqueness, enormity, and gravity of the events that assailed the epoch. Arendt's critique of sociological methods is followed by a case study—Theodore Abel's investigation into National Socialism—that lends some credence to her misgivings. The work of other sociologists of this period—notably, Talcott Parsons's—is also briefly considered. The concluding section of the paper examines the theoretical problems involved in seeking to conceptualize an "unprecedented" event (movement, institution).


We note 3 problems with recommendations (Fan, Y., and F. L. Petitt. 1994. Parameter estimation of the functional response. Environ. Entomol. 23: 785–794) for using a linearization of the instantaneous form of the type II functional response ("disc equatioun") for parameter estimation. First, the disc equation itself is not appropriate for most experimental designs where there is depletion of prey over the course of the experiment. The time integral form (the "random predator" equation) takes into account declining prey density over time, and despite its implicit form, is tractable statistically using the Newton method and nonlinear regression, or a nonparametric method (Juliano, S. A., and F. M. Williams, 1987. A comparison of methods for estimating the functional response parameters of the random predator equation. J. Anim. Ecol. 56: 641–653; Juliano, S. A. 1993. Nonlinear curve fitting: predation and functional response curves. pp.159–182. In S.M. Scheiner and J. Gurevich [eds.], Design and analysis of ecological experiments, Chapman & Hall, New York), Second, the experimental design mimicked in Fan and Petitt's simulations, as well as in some of our earlier simulations, is not one where the disc equation is appropriate; thus, neither study can address the best method for that design. Third, regressions using means of replicated dependent variables, as advocated by Fan and Petitt, ignore interreplicate variation and are likely to lead to overestimation of the precision of parameter estimates, and a greater probability of type I statistical errors.


This briefing paper highlights the main findings of a rapid research project undertaken during April 2020 by Professor Elsbeth Neil, Ruth Copson, and Dr Penny Sorensen at the Centre for Research on Children & Families, University of East Anglia.


Antennas are the critical components of modern telecommunication systems and can limit the system performance because of their inability to adjust according to the changing environmental conditions and scenarios. They can be made reconfigurable so that they can offer important new capabilities for the next generation applications. Adapting to changes in requirements and providing additional functionality, these antennas can tackle system requirements by changing their functionality on demand. This paper presents the types of reconfigurable antennas using metasurface, which is the two-dimensional equivalent of metamaterial.


In Professor Graburn's eyes,tourism is all-pervasive,being connected with lots of things in people's life.Tourism does have brought considerable influence to economic development.However,tourism only highlights a certain part of culture while the rest may gradually evade our attention and memory,which merits the anthropologists' attention.


The implications of a closer Scriptural definition of disciple and discipling for church development In the field of Practical Theology the term "discipling" is often used as a synonym for both spiritual growth and for teaching. To define the term as such can contribute to a dilution of the term "disciple" and to an inaccurate understanding of the process of discipling. In this article the concept of "disciple" is critically analysed. The following conclusion is arrived at: "Discipling" entails the lifelong process by which people are guided and encouraged to progressively become followers and pupils (disciples) of Jesus. The purpose of such a process implies that a person will become more and more like Jesus and will live according to the spirit of Jesus. A correct understanding of the concept of discipleship as a process has far-reaching implications for strategising congregational development.


- Vet to Pet is a company engaged in services in handling pet health. In handling patients, a good and nimble service is needed, but there is an obstacle that currently hampers the clinic's business activities. The obstacle is that business processes that have not been computerized have resulted in services that are currently considered to be less than optimal. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and implement it into an information system that will help improve services. In developing this system using descriptive research methods through interviews and observation, while the system development method used is prototype. In the process of developing this system using the Object Oriented Programming approach, after that the results of the analysis are described by UML (Unified Modeling Language). The results of implementing the Veterinary Clinical Services Information System are expected to simplify, accelerate, and improve animal services at the Vet to Pet Veterinary Clinic.


The ongoing civil war in Ukraine nowadays represents an extreme display of the delegitimation of Poroshenko's regime at the east of the country and its low legitimacy level over the territories controlled by Kiev. Among the key preconditions of this situation one can highlight social and political disintegrity of the ukrainians, rectified directions of the economic development of the west and east regions, peculiarities of the geopolitical position of Ukraine, governing failure and significant influence on the legitimacy process from abroad. Foreign intervention into the internal Ukrainian affairs is the component of another phase of the historical confrontation of the superstates, within which West exercises increasing pressure on Russia. The Anglo-Saxon target the Ukraine for several strategic reasons: ethnic and confessional proximity of the Ukrainians and the Russians, role of Kiev as the energy hub between Russia and Europe, favorable military strategic location of the country in frame if the limitation of Russian defensive capacity.As a practical conclusion the author highlights a necessity of the activation by Moscow its diplomacy, support to the pro-Russian elites in the CIS countries and improvement of the «soft power» within the post-soviet area to maintain a safe and stable geopolitical encirclement. One indicates as well the elements of the resemblance of the social, economic and political troubles in the Ukraine and our own difficulties. In view of this one justifies need of strengthening the sovereign and stable legitimacy model in Russia with the system methods.


The examination of the interaction between cinema and its audience represents a significant area of inquiry in contemporary film theory. In recent years, there has been a shift from a "creator-centered" to an "audience-centered" approach to film narrative. Makoto Shinkai's Suzume is a notable addition to his "Disaster Trilogy," acclaimed for its ability to engender emotional experiences within its viewers. The film's narrative mechanisms, meaning construction, and narrative strategies are pivotal aspects that highlight the relationship between emotional storytelling and cinema. By exploring the coupling between the narrative mechanisms and the audience's "social psychology", this study aims to offer insights into how cinema can inspire emotional identity, thus providing a fresh perspective on improving the emotional storytelling efficiency of domestic animated films and enhancing the efficacy of international communication. The findings of this study have the potential to enrich our understanding of the complex ways in which cinema can connect with its audience, whilst also advancing our comprehension of how emotional narratives can be harnessed to enhance the effectiveness of visual storytelling.


A new polyunsaturated brominated fatty acid possessing acetylenic bonds 1 was isolated from the Indonesian sponge Haliclona sp. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by analyzing its spectral data. It showed moderate cytotoxicity against cultured cells.


INTRODUCTION As the physician assistant (PA) profession has evolved since the first PAs graduated in 1967, PA educational research has also evolved to address a changing set of questions. Early educational research focused on addressing big questions that were fundamental to whether the new profession could produce competent clinicians whom the medical establishment and the public would accept. In contrast, current educational research efforts are more likely to address questions concerning adjustments to the educational process, such as curriculum changes, admission processes, preparation of graduates for national certification, and aggregate descriptions of various aspects of PA education in the United States. The challenges awaiting PA educators in the profession's early years in regard to studying their own program's efforts and the resulting outcomes are vividly described in an essay by E. Harvey Estes Jr. published in 1993. This essay is worth quoting at some length:


In this Paper We have studied submanifolds para Kenmostu manifold to be semi-invarient submanifold. In particular case when it is a para Kenmostu space form of constant φ holomorphic sectional curvature


Purpose – The university is an institution with a long history and, over the course of the centuries, it has gone through several stages in its development. While initially conceived as an institution with a teaching "mission," the university later adopted a knowledge generation function (research). In recent years, the idea has emerged that the university is assuming a "third mission": contributing to society and economic development more directly; turning the university into an Entrepreneurial University. What, however, constitutes this Entrepreneurial University? Are all Entrepreneurial Universities composed of the same factors? The purpose of this paper is to answer these significant questions, through an empirical analysis performed on a sample of 59 Northern and Southern European universities. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical analysis performed on a sample of 59 Northern and Southern European universities. Findings – The findings show that students' spin-off firm formation is the only differe...


According to the boundary conditions of the influence area ends of additional longitudinal force,this paper studied the influence area length outside bridge in different calculation conditions, analyzed the additional longitudinal force's influence parameters of continuously welded rails on bridge, and clarified the variety rules of influence area length outside bridge,rail's maximum force and maximum displacement.The results indicate that the influence area length is not a fixed value. The maximum force and maximum displacement of rail will decline when longitudinal resistance force,span,span number,inertia moment decline,or pier stiffness increases,at the same time,the probability of rail broken will decline too.The force of abutment or pier will decline when the longitudinal resistance force decline.5 tabs,6 figs,9 refs.


Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a condition where the retina is damaged due to fluid leaking from the blood vessels into the retina. In extreme cases, the patient will become blind. Therefore, early detection of diabetic retinopathy is crucial to prevent blindness. The main stages of diabetic retinopathy are non-proliferate diabetes retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferate diabetes retinopathy (PDR). In this study, we propose a system for automated classification of normal, and abnormal retinal images by automatically detecting the blood vessels, hard exudates microaneurysms, entropy and homogeneity. The objective measurements such as blood vessels area, exudates area, microaneurysms area, entropy and homogeneity are computed from the processed retinal images. These objective measurements are finally fed to the artificial neural network (ANN) classifier for the automatic classification. Different approaches for image restoration are tested and compared on Fundus images. The effect of restoration on the automatic detection process is investigated in this paper.


The Friedmann paradigm for a dynamical universe emanating from a spacetime singularity is critically reviwed. Quantum effects, playing the essential role at the very early stages, suggests that the universe may follow different course to that presented by the standard Friedmann solutions. The investigation of the back-reaction effect of the vacuum energy of quantized massless matter fields at finite temperatures shows that the original spatial singularity is avoided and that the universe is maintained all times at a critical density. Instead of having a universe that was created at once we have an emergent universe with energy being created continuously so as to maintain the overall density at its critical value. The calculations presented here provide a basis to construct a dynamical model for the universe where all the known problems of the standard big bang can be avioded from start without the need to assume the occurence of an inflation phase.


Experimental study of phase characteristics in a high -d ensity downer (5.6 m tall, 80 mm ID)is presented in this work.Phase time fracti ons was essentially uniform in the central region, and then increased with incre asing(1-e_ av ).Dense phase time fraction varied from 10% to 20%,and app roximated to dilute phase time fraction.The axial size of dense phase in downer was about 10—15 mm, which was as large as tens times to one hundred times of pa rticles diameter.The averaged solids concentration in the dense phase was as 1. 7 times as the local solids concentration, while that in dilute phase was about 40%.The transformation from dense phase to dilute phase in the riser was a sharp transition, while for the downer such transition was gradual.Dense phase in dow ner was much more difficult to observe than in riser due to its shorter duration time, smaller size and lower density.


: Objective: To investigate the prevalence of common dental anomalies in orthodontic patients during routine oral clinical examination and diagnosis. Place and Duration: In the department of prosthodontics, periodontology and OPD of Nishtar Hospital for one year duration from June 2018 to June 2019. Methods: Total 345 patients (male: female 148: 197 ratio), number (hyperdontia / hypodontia), size (macrodontia microdontia, fusion, germination), shape (dens evaginatus, taurodontism) and enamel (amelogenesis) in general imperfecta) and structure of enamel (amelogenesis imperfecta) & dentine (dentinogenesis imperfecta). The 9 to 44 years was the age (Mean age 26.4). The selected patients had no systemic disorder or syndrome. Results: Overall, 18.8% of the patients examined showed dental anomalies. Males (total 78.3) had more dental anomalies than women with 23.7. Among the wide anomalies found, hypodontia represented the highest prevalent tooth anomaly (mean value 57.8), followed by upper teeth (mean value 12.4) and supernumerary (mean value 7.2). The distribution of hyperdontia by sex was higher in males than in females (mean value 77.4) (mean value 23.7), whereas microdontia, hypodontia and amelogenesis imperfecta had a higher prevalence in women. In addition, women had more supernumerary paramolars (mean value 84.7) than men (mean value 15.3), and mesiodens were more common in men (mean value 87.6) than women (mean value 87.6). 4.12). Women showed greater affinity for missing teeth, particularly mandibular premolar (mean value 88.4) and upper lateral incisors (mean value 65.4). Conclusion: A wide variety of dental anomalies have been found that cause localized malocclusion, loss of orthodontic area, and dental aesthetic problems. These anomalies require a team of orthodontics, restorations and periodontics for proper aesthetic and functional restoration of dentists. Therefore, proper identification and diagnosis of dental anomalies should be routinely performed during clinical and radiographic evaluation.


Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of qiweiqingyan aerosol in the treatment of in fantile herpangina. Methods:120 cases of children with herp angina were divided into two groups,the therapy group(70 cases)and the control group(50 cases).The control group was given ribavirin by intravenous infusion a s routine therapy.The therapy group received qiweiqingyan aerosol treatment exc ept routine therapy.The therapeutic effects were investigated and compared afte r treatment in the two groups. Results:The total effective rate in the therapy group was 97.14%,which was significantl y higher than 84.00% in the control group(P0.01). Conclusion:Using qiweiqingyan aerosol in treating infantile her pangina is well effective and worthy of application to clinical practice.


An efficient 3D survey of a complex indoor environment remains a challenging task, especially if the accuracy requirements for the geometric data are high for instance in building information modeling (BIM) or construction. The registration of non-overlapping terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds is laborious. We propose a novel indoor mapping strategy that uses a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) laser scanner (LS) to support the building-scale registration of non-overlapping TLS point clouds in order to reconstruct comprehensive building floor/3D maps. This strategy improves efficiency since it allows georeferenced TLS data to only be collected from those parts of the building that require such accuracy. The rest of the building is measured with SLAM LS accuracy. Based on the results of the case study, the introduced method can locate non-overlapping TLS point clouds with an accuracy of 18–51 mm using target sphere comparison.


We show how engaging the changing balance of forces, structural transformation, light confinement and quantum effects at the nanoscale brings about the emerging field of metadevices with tunable, switchable and nonlinear functionalities.


A series of esters of phosphorous-phosphoric anhydride containing cyclic ester groups at one or both phosphorus atoms were prepared. The typical biphilic character of these compounds has been found. Unexpectedly observed lack of reactivity of anhydrides containing cyclic ester groups at trivalent phosphorus atom with respect to diethylphosphoric and acetic acids is the starting point for discussion on the mechanism of acidolysis. Unusual inertness of PIII cyclic esters of phosphorous-phosphoric anhydride towards protic acids is discussed in terms of Hudson's concept of steric retardation on quaternisation.


Inorganic/organic hybrid gel was prepared using methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and various metal alkoxides such as Ti(O-iso-C2H5)4, Al(O-sec-C4H9)3, and Nb(O-C2H5)5 modified with acetylacetone via a sol-gel process. The objective of this study is to fabricate organic/inorganic hybrids bulk and to measure Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to analyze structure. The catalytic activity increases in the order of Al < Nb < Ti by Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Simultaneously, the oil wettability of oil on SUS board coated hybrid gel increased in the order of Al < Nb < Ti.


The generalization and analysis of coke oven gas composition using the data of literary sources and coke enterprises are carried out in the paper. The range of pressure and temperature of coke gas during transportation is defined. The physical properties of coke gas (density, compressibility factor, adiabatic index, dynamic viscosity) that are the part of the equation of gas flowrate by method of variable differential pressure are investigated in the defined range of pressure and temperature. 25 gas mixtures with different composition were synthesized in order to make the analysis of dependency of physical properties versus pressure, temperature and composition of the mixtures. According to the results of the research the recommendations for the development of simplified methods for calculating the physical properties of coke oven gas are made.


We have observed the phenomenon of negative magnetization in spinel ferrites, CoCr2-xFexO4. The x = 0.15 compound lies in the interesting region of the composition (Fe) driven magnetic phase diagram as it shows two magnetic ordering temperatures along with a negative magnetization behavior. We have given a microscopic experimental proof of magnetic sublattice decoupling and temperature-induced negative magnetization using the neutron diffraction technique. The present study supports the Belov's hypothesis of a "weak" magnetic sublattice for an explanation of negative magnetization, where the "weak" octahedral sublattice deviates from the Brillouin function type behavior of sublattice magnetization as envisioned by Neel in his theory of ferrimagnetism. A physics concept for a possible application of such a negative magnetization phenomenon in spin transfer torque based magnetic random access memory has been outlined.


Phytoremediation is a low cost and safe alternative to conventional methods of wastewater treatment. In the present study, we used a macrophyte to treat the sewage water. Ceratophyllum Demersum-L known as coon tail is a submerged macrophyte commonly seen in freshwater ponds in temperate climates. This water plant was experimented for direct purification of sewage water. The aim of our research is to study the removal efficiency of organic load (as Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand) and some nutrients like phosphate and ammonia from sewage water. This study was conducted without any conventional pre-chemical or pre-biological treatments. The productivity of the plant was moderate. Initially acclimatization was very difficult but its use in sewage treatment was highly encouraging. The physiochemical properties such as turbidity, ammonia, phosphate, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biological Oxygen Demand showed a significant decrease in values due to bio-digestion of organic nutrients during phytoremediation. The quantitative reduction of nutrients in sewage water suggests C. Demersum-L as an efficient aquatic plant for the phytoremediation of organics and nutrients from sewage water.


Summary form only given. The thin film composite was obtained with polymerization of acetyl ene Into porous polymer matrix. The film was combined with Al foil covering both sides of the latter. Electrochemical properties of this electrode were investigated In 3M LiBF/sub 4// propylenecarbonate + dimethoxyethane (1:1 V/V) electrolyte. It was shown that Li/sub+/ penetrated through the composite film and formed Li/sub x/,Al alloy. Such an electrode was undergone to a great member of charge /discharge cycles without destruction and dendrite formation.


Load balance is a task that remains a challenge currently in face with the rapidly increased business volume and data flow. For the purpose of achieving the best efficiency of load balance, load distribution has recently been studied with consistent hashing algorithm in cluster load balancing system. In this work, we analyze the characteristics of load balance technology of SSL/ TLS web server cluster, design a segmentation method of consistent hashing ring based on virtual nodes and propose a distribution strategy based on dynamic weight aiming at solving the problem of service collapsing caused by the unbalanced load among microservice cluster on the basis of consistent hash algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed load balancing strategy significantly reduces the probability of load imbalance about 25% compared with the conventional consistent hash algorithm. The proposed the dynamic allocation strategy also achieves an advantageous load balance performance for microservice distribution architecture.


Rapid mass media development gives effect to the society life, whether positive or negative effect. Mass media have a big role in delivering information and shaping society paradigm. Especially TV media, it cannot denied that communication technology development like TV having a great effect in modern human society changing, this development could be seen from the emergence of TV broadcasting whether having transnational, national or local scope. All TV station racing to give pleased news for the spectator, JTV Pojok Kampung News is one of news TV program that is liked by society, the researcher aimed to look for how is the Audience Preference upon Pojok Kampung News Java Language Version.
Theory used in this research is Theory Uses and Gratifications. This theory said that media using is employing active role and used the media. In other word, media users are side that active in communication process. Media using tried to look for the best media source that fulfill the need. It means that Uses Theory and Gratification assume that user having alternative to satisfy their need.
Type or research used is Descriptive Qualitative, research that aimed to descript, giving detail explanation or pictures about research problem in detail like what revealed by the research subject, where the researcher uses interview in depth and documenting to make data. The purpose is to make description, picture systematically, factual and accurate about facts, characteristics also relation among phenomenon in detail. From the data gained, researcher could serve a concept behind that description. In this research, the technique used is Accidental Sampling, this technique used when the sample member is taken from thing or person that accidentally meets the researcher so that thing or that person could be used when it/they are compatible.
This research is purposed to descript what is liked by society about pojok kampung news that used java language in JTV station. Purpose of the subject this research in watching pojok kampong news is to find out what the new incident happened in East Java, beside; the subject also like to watch pojok kampong news because of the language used are Javanese language. Although the language is a little bit rude, it still makes the love it. From some pojok kampong news, the subject likes to watch criminal and sport news. Pojok kampung dress style attracted the subject; they said that moslem wear is good for the in presenting news. From this Pojok Kampung News, the society could fulfill their cognitive need to look for information also knowledge.


The release of larvae by female lobsters is confined to a few minutes at night, and is repeated at a similar time on each night over several weeks. The rhythm is shown to be partly controlled by an endogenous component in the female. Eggs in vitro have an exogenous, light-stimulated hatching rhythm, but are arhythmic in continuous light or darkness. In light/darkregimes the time of hatching is not influenced by daylength, but occurs sooner after sunset astemperature increases.


Albert Einstein is often credited with saying, "We can't solve problems with the same thinking that produced them." The obvious implication is that fresh thinking is required. My aims in this paper are to present a fresh view of human performance, one that is rooted in Perceptual Control Theory (PCT), and to examine some of the implications of this view. My hope is that doing so will prove helpful in solving problems of human performance.


Vehicular data collection applications are emerging as an appealing technology to monitor urban areas, where a high concentration of connected vehicles with onboard sensors is a near future scenario. In this context, smartphones are, on one side, e ff ective enablers of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) applications and, on the other side, highly sophisticated sensing platforms. In this paper, we introduce an e ff ective and e ffi cient system, denoted as D4V, to disseminate vehicle-related information and sensed data using smartphones as V2I devices. D4V relies on a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlay scheme, denoted as Distributed Geographic Table (DGT), which unifies the concepts of physical and virtual neighborhoods in a scalable and robust infrastructure for application-level services. First, we investigate the discovery procedure of the DGT overlay network, through analytical and simulation results. Then, we present and discuss an extensive simulation-based performance evaluation (considering relevant performance indicators) of the D4V system, in a 4G wireless communication scenario. The simulation methodology combines DEUS (an application-level simulation tool for the study of large-scale systems) with ns-3 (a well-known network simulator, which takes into account lower layers), in order to provide a D4V proof-of-concept. The observed results show that D4V-based information sharing among vehicles allows to significantly reduce risks and nuisances (e.g., due to road defects and congestions).


Wireless mesh networks are widely studied by both academic and industry areas for their high-speed high-capacity performance and can be easily deployed.Research on routing protocol in wireless mesh networks is one of the key research areas.To combine research result of the world,this paper introduces the current research situation in wireless mesh routing protocol design,and analyzed the routing protocols belongs to each of them respectively,and compared the characteristics of these protocols.The paper concludes with current re-search trends.


In a method for manufacturing a hollow blade for a turbomachine, the blade is made from a preform derived from external primary parts. Each primary part comprising a root part is formed by flattening a blank cut out from a ring with a large diameter provided with a protuberance, the method of the invention can reduce costs.


The EC Directive which controls the application of sewage sludge to agricultural land, in particular, the reduction in permitted concentrations of heavy metals in sludge and sludge‐amended soils, is being reviewed by the European Commission. The implications for sludge recycling in Scotland are examined, and it is estimated that the available land bank would be reduced to about 50% of its present area. In addition, the land area which is required would have to significantly increase because of the proposed lower application rates. These scenarios cast doubt on the long‐term viability of the sludge‐recycling option in Scotland.


When we develop voice-activated human-appliance interface systems in smart homes, named entity recognition (NER) is an essential tool for extracting execution targets from natural language commands. Previous studies on NER systems generally include supervised machine-learning methods that require a substantial amount of human-annotated training corpus. In the smart home environment, categories of named entities should be defined according to voice-activated devices (e.g., food names for refrigerators and song titles for music players). The previous machine-learning methods make it difficult to change categories of named entities because a large amount of the training corpus should be newly constructed by hand. To address this problem, we present a semi-supervised NER system to minimize the time-consuming and labor-intensive task of constructing the training corpus. Our system uses distant supervision methods with two kinds of auto-labeling processes: auto-labeling based on heuristic rules for single-class named entity corpus generation and auto-labeling based on a pre-trained single-class NER model for multi-class named entity corpus generation. Then, our system improves NER accuracy by using a bagging-based active learning method. In our experiments that included a generic domain that featured 11 named entity classes and a context-specific domain about baseball that featured 21 named entity classes, our system demonstrated good performances in both domains, with F1-measures of 0.777 and 0.958, respectively. Since our system was built from a relatively small human-annotated training corpus, we believe it is a viable alternative to current NER systems in smart home environments.


Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been an important source of economic growth for Ghana, bringing in capital investment, technology and management knowledge needed for economic growth. This paper aims to study the relationship between FDI and economic growth in Ghana for the period 1980-2010 using time series data. The data used in this study was mainly secondary data collected from the period, 1980 to 2010 consisting of yearly observations for each variable. The real GDP growth and foreign direct investment net inflows as percent of GDP (FDI ratio) data were taken from the World Banks World Development Indicators 2011 CD Rom. Yearly time series data covering the period 1980-2010 for which data was available was used. The cointegration methodology is applied on yearly data of FDI, GDP and GNI to determine the extent to which these variables are related. The study establishes that a long-run equilibrium and causal relationship exists between the dependent variable; FDI and the two independent variables under consideration namely, GDP and GNI. It was determined that in the short-run, effects of GDP and GNI volatility on FDI are nearly imaginary. These findings hold practical implications for policy makers, government and investors.


The Early Cretaceous quantitative sea-level curve constructed for the epeiric basin of the Eastern Russian Platform (Northeastern Peri-Tethys) is based on the results of facial analysis and quantitative paleo-depth assessment. The detailed evaluation of the Early Cretaceous sea-level cycles results in recognition of the sea-level and climate changes as controlling factors on depositional environments in the basin. Major climatic events are identified by the comparison between the global and regional sea level curves. "The cold snaps" coincide with simultaneous global and regional sea level lowstands, peak shallowing and the almost complete absence of strata. The Late Berriasian and Late Aptian "cold snaps" were identified in the Eastern Russian Platform. The Lower Aptian bituminous shales are interpreted as being a regional manifestation of the OAE 1a. The forcing mechanism behind this OAE is an abrupt rise in temperature.


M edical students generally agree that the most exciting aspect of their training takes place at the bedside, where patient contact is initiated. Idealistic and inexperienced, the undergraduate student is armed with volumes of memorized facts and the naive impression that a diagnosis and curative therapy can be found for everyone. There is little psychologic preparation for encounters with terminally ill patients, for whom clear answers and definitive management are often lacking. Unfortunately, a number of students will always fail to accept the fact that there are patients for whom nothing can be done. Society must re-evaluate its attitudes toward death and dying. Given its current fixation with youth, attractiveness and good health, this will not be an easy task. About 70% of Canadians die in institutions, and evidence suggests that health care professionals have been remiss in identifying and responding to the problems of terminally ill patients and their families.",2 Dying patients have three major needs: the preservation of dignity, emotional support and, most important, adequate control of symptoms.2'3 Recognition of these needs has fueled interest in an old idea: the move toward hospices and other forms of specialized palliative care.'4-6 These forms of management aim to redress what Dame Cicely Saunders, perhaps the dean of the hospice movement, called the inappropriate and even inept treatment offered by the traditional health care facilities.6 The deficiencies in traditional health care are best demonstrated by studies showing that as many as 20% of patients die in hospital without obtaining relief from their severe and usually constant pain.7'8 Inadequate pain relief may result not just from inappropriate use of analgesics but, rather, from the tendency of the medical staff "to lose their systematic approach and their objectivity


The design of the Gigabit Ethernet baseband DSP IC is based on IEEE standard 802.3ab and focuses on signal processing in 1000BASE-T PHY layer. To achieve the target bit-error rate (BER) of less than 10/sup -10/, the receiver must conquer channel impairments including Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI), Echo, Near-End Cross Talk (NEXT), and Far-End Cross Talk (FEXT). We present low-power, low complexity, and high performance architectures of Echo Canceller, joint Decision Feedback Equalizer, and Trellis Decoder of the baseband DSP receiver in Gigabit Ethernet. The proposed baseband architectures are integrated, co-simulated with the analog front end, and implemented in 2.5 V-0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS standard cell design flow.


In this article, a direct access to β-amino nitriles from unactivated imines and alkyl nitriles by electrochemical radical-radical cross-coupling was described for the first time. The use of abundant and...


Emission and control of mercury from coal combustion is an emerging and frontier area and going to attract more attention in future. During combustion of pulverized coals, most of the Hg volatilizes. Variable amounts of Hg are captured by fly ash and essentially none accumulates in the bottom ash. Hg is emitted to the atmosphere as gaseous (dominate) and solid-phase (subordinate) pollutants. In this paper, a summary of the status of research related to mercury speciation and progress in the development of promising control technologies for coal-fired power plants are provided. Fly ashes have been sampled from the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) of three power plants. The concentration of mercury in these samples and the particle size distribution of the fly ash were determined. Results indicate that the mercury concentration in fly ash is increase with the particle size fining. And mercury partitioning in emission streams, enrichment in submicron particles vaporization and emission in flue gas, and the mobility and leaching behavior of mercury in coal and combustion waste are summarized.


Measurements are reported of the nuclear magnetic resonance parameters of methyl alcohol and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH). The spin-lattice relaxation time T1 and the chemical shift δ have been measured for both liquids, and for both types of proton for T1 from the supercooled liquid up to the critical temperature. The variations of both T1 and δ reflect the considerable difference in the importance of hydrogen bonding in the two liquids. At low temperatures the T1 values are controlled by direct dipolar interaction. At higher temperatures the T1 values depend on the spin-rotation interaction and approximate values of the operative spin-rotation interaction constants are deduced and shown to be reasonable in magnitude. Some preliminary measurements in the dense mercaptan gas near the critical temperature are also reported. Results are also given for T1 and δ for the rotator phase in methyl alcohol, where the rate and extent of molecular motion is sufficiently great to allow the observation of the proton chemical shift. This is usually only possible in liquids. Line shape studies are also made at lower temperatures for both substances. Above a certain temperature a superposed narrow line is observed. For solid methyl alcohol this narrow line is a doublet with a splitting equal to the chemical shift and so is interpreted as being due to mobile molecules which may be on crystal surfaces or imperfections.


I was studying the sequences of primes obtained applying concatenation to some well known classes of numbers, when I discovered that the second Poulet number, 561 (also the first Carmichael number, also a very interesting number – I wrote a paper dedicated to some of its properties), is also a triangular number. Continuing to look, I found, up to the triangular number T(817), if we note T(n) = n*(n + 1)/2 = 1 + 2 +...+ n, fifteen Poulet numbers. In this paper I state the conjecture that there exist an infinity of Poulet numbers which are also triangular numbers.


The shift of consumer buying preferences toward green vehicle can alleviate environmental degradation to a certain extent. Nevertheless, the uptake of green vehicles is still low. To understand this phenomenon, this systematic review focuses on the factors that influence vehicle-purchasing behavior. This study adopted the PRISMA method for the review and utilized Scopus and Web of Science as the main journal databases. The findings from this systematic review contribute to the body of knowledge by providing the basis for future research to evaluate the purchase intention of green vehicles by non-green vehicle drivers and the reasoning behind their vehicle preferences.
Keywords: systematic literature review; purchasing behaviour; green vehicles
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2884


As two different social organizations,the government and university have begun their match in right and function with the development of higher education since the day university was established.With the coming of the age of popularizing higher education,balancing the relationship between government and university has become the main part of the system reform in higher education management.To grasp the relationship rightly will have great importance in promoting university autonomy and establishing modern university system.


Construction cost for building mechanical system makes up twenty percent of total construction cost. With the growth of industry and living quality, the importance and resulting cost of building mechanical system increase more and more. Thus it is necessary to examine construction cost for building mechanical system closely for the prediction of total construction cost. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing upon the construction cost and construction cost prediction based on the actual cost data for building mechanical system. As results, dominant factors influencing upon the construction cost and construction cost prediction equation for the building mechanical system were deduced.


Soluble polyimides were prepared from suitable monomers and were evaluated for their thermal and mechanical properties. The polymers were processed into films for use as supports for transparent, conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) layers. After deposition, annealing in vacuo at temperatures up to 400°C was performed to test the ability of the materials to endure typical device fabrication temperatures without damage to the ITO-coated polymeric substrate. The evolution of the structural, optical, and electrical characteristics with the annealing temperature was analyzed and compared with that of polymeric and conventional glass substrates as references. Polyimide 6F6F, synthesized from hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic dianhydride and hexafluoroisopropylidene dianiline, had optimal characteristics for photovoltaic applications, permitting the achievement of conductive, ITO-coated samples with optical transmission greater than 75% in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges, without significant deterioration of their properties after vacuum annealing at temperatures up to 350°C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3491–3497, 2007


This paper proposes a new kind of Anycast communication model which is built on the basis of Anycast tree and can solve Anycast scalability problem.Anycast tree utilizes Multicast model to manage Anycast members and Unicast model to forward Anycast packets.The proposed model achieves dynamic Anycast groups and allows Anycast members to freely leave and join the Anycast group,and it solves Anycast scalability problem.In addition,the model accomplishes the distributed maintenance and transaction of Anycast service requests and Anycast tree's information so it fulfills the load balance.In an IPv6 simulation,the proposed model is implemented and the experimental data prove the feasibility and validity of the communication model.


A method of combining α β conversion and dq conversion to detect power quality disturbances is proposed based on previous studies,which makes use of the characteristics of voltage perturbation signal.It designs two filter elements by choosing a suitable structural element to locate the voltage perturbation signal.The simulation results show that the proposed method is simple,and they can locate the disturbances of the voltage signals quickly and accurately.


Computers are becoming pervasive in all fields of human endeavor, and medicine is no exception. Starting with the advent of computed tomography (CT) in the 1970s, computer-based systems have become the standard of care in many clinical fields, most notably in radiology, radiation therapy, neurosurgery, and orthopedics. These systems assist the surgeon in planning, executing, and evaluating the surgery, often improving existing procedures and at times enabling new procedures that could not have been realized without them. The first computer-based systems for surgery were developed in the mid 1980s for neurosurgery. The key characteristic of these systems was an integration of preoperative information with intraoperative execution. Traditionally, preoperative radiographs, CT scans, and magnetic resonance images (MRIs) showing the patient's condition and the planned approach are


High-efficiency input power range adaptive rectifier is presented. In this rectifier consists of two differential type sub-rectifiers and one control circuit unit . the proposed control unit circuit is used to detect the input power level by using sensing the converted output voltage rectifier is generating two control signals and to switch the rectifier between two operation modes. This IC chip device has been fabricated with 0.18-μm CMOS technology. With two three-stage differential-type of rectifiers as the subrectifiers, the low power conversion efficiency (PCE) region is extended. Keyword : Micro wind ,DSCH , adaptive, low power conversion efficiency (PCE)


Based on the cognitive linguistics prototype theory that prototype(s) of a category can be changed but some core features are still fixed,combined with the view that a brand is a category,this paper puts forward a new brand extension evolution model which improves Kapafer's model.In the paper,the author presents two brand associations surveys about Haier and Wahaha,and explains the surveys results.Finally,the paper shows the new modified and improved model and gives a brief comment on the new model.


Introduction: Gestational diabetes is an impaired glucose tolerance of variable severity first recognized in the current pregnancy. Insulin has been the standard drug treatment for gestational diabetes, however metformin and glyburide are therapeutic alternatives to control glycemia. Objective: Determine the advantages of metformin and glyburide over insulin in the treatment of gestational diabetes. Materials and methods: A systematic research was performed in the databases Medline (PubMed) and Scielo. The DeCS terms used were: "Diabetes Gestacional", "Gliburida", and "Metformina" in different combinations; MeSH counterparts were: "Diabetes, Gestational", "Glyburide" and "Metformin". The search obtained covered 130 articles, of which 53 were selected. Results: Glyburide is a category C drug in pregnancy. Their concentrations in umbilical cord are insignificant and is considered safe. Its success rate to achieve glycemic control ranges from 79% to 86%. Metformin is a category B drug in pregnancy. It has shown no teratogenic effects in the first trimester of pregnancy. It achieves glycemic control in 24 hours. Conclusions: Metformin and glyburide achieved glycemic control values in gestational diabetes similar to insulin. They do not increase the teratogenesis in the first trimester of pregnancy. Perinatal complications from its use should be more studied. MED UIS. 2015;28(3):337-43.


The techniques and procedures utilized to bond cermet-valve components successfully to metals for high-temperature fluid service are described. The cermets studied contained varying percentages of titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, tungsten-titanium complex carbide and niobium-tantalum-titanium complex carbide. The binder materials were primarily nickel and cobalt. The results of wetting tests on these cermets with different brazing alloys are presented, as are photomicrographs of many of the most promising cermet-to-metal joints. A procedure for attaching cermets is described wherein a nickel or tungsten-base alloy cushion is brazed between the cermet and Inconel to absorb stresses resulting from differential thermal expansion. A direct high-temperature bonding procedure is also discussed in which cermets of the titanium carbide-nickel type are joined to nickel without the use of a separately applied brazing alloy. (auth)


The rate of technical innovation, system interconnection, and advanced communications undoubtedly boost distributed energy networks' efficiency. However, when an additional attack surface is made available, the possibility of an increase in attacks is an unavoidable result. The energy ecosystem's significant variety draws attackers with various goals, making any critical infrastructure a threat, regardless of scale. Outdated technology and other antiquated countermeasures that worked years ago cannot address the complexity of current threats. As a result, robust artificial intelligence cyber-defense solutions are more important than ever. Based on the above challenge, this paper proposes an ensemble transfer learning spiking immune system for adaptive smart grid protection. It is an innovative Artificial Immune System (AIS) that uses a swarm of Evolving Izhikevich Neural Networks (EINN) in an Ensemble architecture, which optimally integrates Transfer Learning methodologies. The effectiveness of the proposed innovative system is demonstrated experimentally in multiple complex scenarios that optimally simulate the modern energy environment. The most significant findings of this work are that the transfer learning architecture's shared learning rate significantly adds to the speed of generalization and convergence approach. In addition, the ensemble combination improves the accuracy of the model because the overall behavior of the numerous models is less noisy than a comparable individual single model. Finally, the Izhikevich Spiking Neural Network used here, due to its dynamic configuration, can reproduce different spikes and triggering behaviors of neurons, which models precisely the problem of digital security of energy infrastructures, as proved experimentally.


In this paper, we study the Gauss map of the surfaces in the de Sitter space-time $\mathbb S^4_1(1)$. First, we prove that a space-like surface lying in the de Sitter space-time has pointwise 1-type Gauss map if and only if it has parallel mean curvature vector. Then, we obtain the complete classification of the quasi-minimal surfaces with 1-type Gauss map.


Many statistical models for environmental studies can be run at different scales, e.g., for daily, weekly or monthly data. It is important to know how these models differ in terms of prediction. We provide some theoretical results to compare these models. We show that when there is no high order terms of explanatory variables, the small scale model yields more efficient estimators for model parameters and also produces better prediction. However, when there are high order terms of explanatory variables, a larger scale model can be run in two different ways: productof-sum or sum-of-product. Current practice made it hard to compare directly the larger scale model with the small scale model and no explicit conclusions are drawn in general. We provide a case study on gross primary production of terrestrial ecosystems in the conterminous United States to demonstrate our results. Key-words: Gauss-Markov theorem, gross primary production, multiple linear regression, prediction, best linear unbiased estimator.


The relevance of the study is due to the following fact. Comparative analysis of individual psychological characteristics of students with and without addiction to social networks, that is conducted by means of the integrative approach, allows us, firstly, to identify the connection of multi-level characteristics in the structure of the individuality and, secondly, to single out latent, resource capabilities of the individual for psycho-prophylaxis and psycho-correction of this addiction. The research objective is to study individual psychological characteristics of the students who are either addicted to social networks or do not have such an addiction. The objective is achieved by using the integrative approach. The article hypothesizes that university students with a prominent addiction to social networks have specific features of integration of psychodynamic, personal and socio-psychological traits in the structure of students' individuality. The study sample includes 154 1st – 3d-year students of Saratov State University, aged 17 to 20, the average age 18.6, SD = 0.61, 45% of young men, 55% of young women. The research methods (tools) are as follows. The questionnaire of formal-dynamic individuality properties (by V. M. Rusalov) was used to identify psychodynamic properties in the structure of one's individuality. To study personal qualities, the following tools were used: The Freiburg Personality Inventory (the modified form "B") (developed by A. A. Krylov and T. I. Ronginskaya), The Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale, the Technique for Diagnosing the Level of Neuroticism (by L. I. Wasserman). To identify socio-psychological characteristics the questionnaire "Perception of the Internet" (by E. A. Schepilina) was used; to measure the degree of a person's addiction to social networks, the "Social Networks Addiction Assessment Questionnaire" (by V. P. Sheinov, A. S. Devitsyn) was used. The research results. The study has revealed significant differences in the integration of multi-level individual psychological qualities in the structure of students' individuality in the compared samples. The conclusion. Students' addiction to social networks is manifested by the following symptom complex of characteristics: low psychodynamic resourcefulness in the communicative sphere, high emotionality and its lability, neuroticism, disposition to depressive states and psychological difficulties in interpersonal communication. Independence from the use of social networks is accompanied by motor and communicative endurance at the psychodynamic level of integral individuality, introversion, high speed of intellectual information processing and assimilation of communication skills, as well as sociability at the personal level. The compared sample groups differ in the type of contribution of psychodynamic features to the manifestation of the social networks addiction. This can influence manifestation of sociability during contact interaction and can determine the tendency to excessive immersion in network and the Internet communication. The received data can help to optimize the process of the Internet communication used for educational purposes by interpreting psychodynamic grounds as the reasons for students' predisposition to develop addiction to communicating in social networks. The data can become the basis for designing psychological developmental and psycho-prophylactic programs aimed at preventing this type of addiction.


In recent years, numerous transaction models have been proposed to address the problems posed by advanced database applications, but only a few of these models are being used in commercial products. In this paper, we make the case that such models may be too centered around databases to be useful in real environments. Advanced applications raise a variety of issues that are not addressed at all by transaction models. These same issues, however, are the basis for existing workflow systems, which are having considerable success as commercial products in spite of not having a solid theoretical foundation. We explore some of these issues and show that, in many aspects, workflow models are a superset of transaction models and have the added advantage of incorporating a variety of ideas that have so far remained outside the scope of traditional transaction processing.


This paper considers a distributed planner method for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), based on a leaderless approach, using an Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm. The ABC algorithm is a metaheuristic optimization method inspired by the intelligent behavior of the honeybee swarm. The proposed ABC, implemented on each UAV independently, is used to compute velocity profiles that avoid obstacles and collisions between the UAVs while ensuring the fleet formation control and the target tracking. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated by simulations on Matlab/Simulink in different scenarios.


PURPOSE: To obtain new substd. cyclohexane derivs. which inhibit the glucose-6- phosphatase system of the liver of a mammal and are useful as pharmaceuticals of type II diabetes. CONSTITUTION: The substd. cyclohexane derivs. are compds. of the formula [where R 1 is CN, (protected) COOH, 1-4C alkanoyl, SO 2 -(1-4C) alkyl, SO 3 H, PO(OH) 2 or the like; R 2 is 1-10C alkyl(R 11 ) n , O-(1-10C) alkyl(R 11 ) n , S-(1-10C) alkyl(R 11 ) n , NH-(1-10C) alkyl(R 11 ) n (n=0 to 2) or the like; R 3 and R 11 is 1-10C alkyl, 3-5C cycloalkyl, phenyl naphthyl, pyridyl or the like; R 4 -R 6 are each H, (protected) OH, F, Cl, Br or R 2 ; X is (CH 2 ) m (m=0 to 4), CH=CH, C≡C, CH 2 -O-CH 2 or the like; Y is (CH 2 ) m , O, S or the like; and Z is (CH 2 ) m , O, S, CH=CH, 3-10C cycloalkylene or the like], e.g. [1S,3R,4R,5S]-3-[(E)-3-(4- hydroxyphenyl)propenoyl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-1-phenyloxymethyl- cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


The two-dimensional melting/solidification transition of the high density [2012] phase of Bi on Cu(111) has been studied by means of low energy electron microscopy (LEEM). This well defined phase has an ideal concentration of one Bi atom per two Cu surface atoms (θBi = 0.500). The Bi density is determined accurately in situ and the highest melting temperature of 538 K occurs at exactly θBi = 0.500. A significantly reduced melting temperature is observed for lower Bi densities (θBi < 0.500) and, surprisingly, also for θBi > 0.500. At ∣Δ θBi∣ = 0.015 the melting temperature is reduced by about 20 K. This lowering of the melting temperature is attributed to a critical vacancy density at melting and we propose that this quantity triggers the 2D solid–liquid phase transition. For this particular system, the critical vacancy fraction for melting amounts to 5%–6%. Above θBi = 0.500 and near melting a homogeneous, unilaterally compressed phase, '[2012]' is observed, with a density that increases continuously with coverage. It is commensurate along 〈 11 ‐ 2 〉 and incommensurate along 〈 1 ‐ 10 〉 . The ability to distinguish between Bi accommodated within the '[2012]' phase and Bi residing on top as a lattice gas by applying LEEM is of crucial importance for the analysis.


This paper proposes the recognition of an ancient site, built following the Art Building tradition, which dates from the fourth century and has been neglected since the tenth century: "Los campos de cultivo pre-Hispanicos bajo del San Jorge" (Parsons, 1967). Ignoring the traditional landscaping of canals and terraces has lead to canals silting up and extensive flood cycles. The 5600 km2 site needs to be protected, by transforming the region and the Ransar marshlands into a National Park. This threat can also be taken as an opportunity to repopulate the area with a new economic model inspired by the Zenu.


A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by Richards, Elms, and Budhu, published in this journal (Volume 119, Number 4, April 1993), is presented. The discussion focuses on a method to evaluate the seismic response of foundations on nonliquefiable granular materials. Fernandez and Shahien write that the approach presented is based on a series of incorrect assumptions, which would lead to underestimating significantly the stability of the foundations. Soubra disagrees with the classification of the approach as upper-bound method of limit analysis, suggesting that the method is one of limit equilibrium. Discussion is followed by closure from the authors.


Amid the sparkle and merriment of the season, it is the simple joys that seem the best: the warm embrace of family and friends, blessings of health, and beaming faces of children. Canadian painter Maud Lewis (1903-1970) was able to achieve a joyful life in spite of adversity and owning little of material value. By delighting others with her happy nostalgic landscapes and personalityplus animals, her life became enriched. In following her heart in painting that which pleased her, the modest Maud Lewis became a folk art celeb. Lewis was born in Nova Scotia to John and Agnes Dowley. Her father was a blacksmith and also crafted harnesses for horses and oxen of the lumber industry. Although Maud had physical infirmities that included a deformation of her hands and fingers, she was able to handle a paintbrush and learned to paint Christmas cards from her artistic mother. After her parents died in the 1930s, her brother sent her to live with an aunt in Digby, Nova Scotia. Maud found a permanent home around age 34 when she married Everett Lewis, who peddled fish. Everett had known hardship as a child and lived with his mother for a time at the Poor Farm in Marshalltown, a place for persons unable to live on their own. In the 1920s he purchased a tiny cottage, which was moved by oxen to a location near the Poor Farm where he found employment as a night watchman. (Woolaver L. The Illuminated Life of Maud Lewis. Halifax, NS: Nimbus Publishing/Art Gallery of Nova Scotia; 1996:viii-91.) The pint-sized house was an epitome of austerity with no electricity or indoor plumbing, but it was cheerily adorned by Maud with colorful painted florals, butterflies, and birds on its surfaces. A sign with painted blossoms and bluebirds was placed outside the cabin by the side of the road that adver-


This paper proposes a method for image indexing that allows to retrieve related images under the query-by-example paradigm. The proposed strategy exploits multimodal interactions between text annotations and visual contents in the image database to build a semantic index. We achieve this using a Non-negative Matrix Factorization algorithm to construct a latent semantic space in which visual features and text terms are represented together. The proposed system was evaluated using a standard benchmark dataset. The experimental evaluation shows a significant improvement on the system performance using the proposed multimodal indexing approach.