Abstract : The Tutorial/Workbook was developed in conjunction with a set of four (4) videotapes to convey the need and applicability of statistical quality control concepts to the shipbuilding industry. The workbook can be used alone or in conjunction with the videotapes which are available through the Audio Visual Material Available for Shipyard Training (AVMAST) catalog. Inquiries should be made to: Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. Attn: AVMAST Coordinator. The titles of the video tapes are: (1) Deming {philosophy of Modern Management, (2) Statistical Control Charts, (3) Statistical Techniques for Discrete Random Experiments, (4) Statistical Techniques for Continuous Random Experiments. The Tutorial/Workbook is the result of a project developed by the Ship Production Committee's Education and Training Panel (SP-9) under the auspices of the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Marine Systems Division. Funding and support for the project was through the National Shipbuilding and Research Program of the U. S. Department of Transportation by Direction of the Maritime Administration.


The phase behavior of a melt of two-scale multiblock copolymers has been theoretically studied in the framework of the Weak Segregation Limit theory with a two-component order parameter. The existence of a thermodynamically stable mesophase with two scales of the space periodicity has been revealed for a melt of monodisperse nonperiodic heteropolymers. For the first time a discontinuous change with temperature of the spatial period of the mesophases has been predicted.


This study presents the consequences of incidental affect when performing a letter search in a complex visual field. Participants were exposed to two superficially unrelated tasks in succession. First, they had to read and remember as much as possible from among 135 emotional words chosen to enable manipulation of two affective factors, valence and origin of emotional state, in a 3x3 factorial design with alignment of other variables, such as arousal, concreteness, frequency of appearance and length. The second task was based on a visual search paradigm. Participants viewed a display of six letters and responded if at least one of two target letters was present. Analysis of reaction latencies for correct responses showed that valence of the words read in the first task had no effect on visual search effectiveness. The origin of the affective state elicited by the words in the first task did influence response latencies: latencies were longer when the first task involved reading words eliciting emotions of automatic origin rather than words eliciting emotions of reflective origin. This study provides further evidence that valence effects found in earlier studies could be accounted for by other dimensions, especially origin of emotional state.


Existing hypercube multiprocessors only support one-to-one interprocessor communication. However, multicast (one-to-many) communication is needed for executing many data-parallel algorithms. An optimal multicast algorithm should be able to minimize both the traffic generated and the time required to delivery a message. By modeling this problem as a graph-theoretical problem, the authors conjecture that the finding of an optimal solution is NP-hard. A heuristic greedy multicast algorithm which guarantees a minimized message delivery time is proposed. Routing of multicast messages is done in a distributed manner. Simulation results show that the greedy algorithm is very close to an optimal solution.<<ETX>>


The objectives of this research were to retrospectively study the feasibility for using truck transponder data to produce freight corridor performance measures (travel times) and real-time traveler information. To support this analysis, weigh-in-motion (WIM) data from each of the 22 stations in Oregon were assembled, processed, and uploaded in the WIM data archive which is housed under the Portland Transportation Archive Listing (PORTAL) umbrella at Portland State University's Intelligent Transportation Systems Lab. Nearly 42,000,000 truck records were successfully uploaded to the archive dating back to July 2005. Two separate algorithms necessary for this research were scripted, tested, and validated. The closest stations are 38.3 miles apart; the most separated are 258 miles apart. The first algorithm matched transponders of all vehicles in a time window between the upstream and downstream stations. The second algorithm filtered these matches for through trucks. The filter was validated by comparing estimated travel times during a winter weather-induced delay. The analysis showed that corridor-level travel times for trucks for 2007 and 2008 could be generated from the archived data. To explore the feasibility of using these same data for real-time traveler information, ground truth probe vehicle data were collected. Travel time estimates from the WIM data and the probes were used to establish a simple linear relationship between passenger car and truck performance. It was concluded that the long distances between stations was a primary challenge to directly adapting the WIM data to real-time use. Recommendations were given on increased sensor spacing and filter improvement. Finally, potential performance metrics for station level, matched trucks, and filtered matched truck data were shown.


Potassium and sodium concentration and inulin space were measured in samples of rat gastrocnemius after direct or indirect stimulation in situ for , 1, 3, or 6 hours. The muscles in each case were ...


Object recognition from remotely sensed imagery is an unsolved problem that is, in part, difficult because objects are typically observed in a variety of contexts. Of particular interest are general purpose methods for identifying important image structure robust to changes in context. In this respect, areas not related to the task at hand can be ignored, or de-emphasized, when features are extracted and subsequently used for classification. In this article, we utilize an unsupervised differential morphological profile (DMP) technique for the identification of important image structure of varying scales. The DMP levels are fused using a Choquet fuzzy integral with a bias towards identifying a general class of scale related objects via density selection. Fused DMP opening and closing results are compared, an entropic filter is used to further accentuate important regions and an eigen-based image chip alignment method is performed. Next, we propose importance map weighted cell-structured local binary pattern (LBP) and histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) multi-scale pyramid descriptors. The final descriptor is used in support vector machine-based classification. Cross validation and left out performance for three common aerial object classes at multiple geographical sites is discussed. Advantages of this work include higher positive detection rates, lowered false alarm rates and an improvement in robustness of object recognition.


A survey at 1170 schools in the Sydney metropolitan area in 1978 provided data of pedestrian and vehicular numbers at 6000 street crossings. A Logit model of pedestrian accidents with respect to traffic and crossing type was constructed by Dr Ann Eyland of Macquarie University. Both the numerical form of the model and the results of using it are of interest. The odds of a pedestrian accident occurring while a person is crossing a street were found to be least where there is a Stop or Give Way sign at an intersection. Generally, mid-block crossings are more dangerous than crossings at an intersection, whether unmarked or marked (zebra), by factor of 1.5 and 1.8 respectively. The benefit of supervision was inconclusive, probably because there were inadequate numbers of supervised crossings in Sydney at the time. The relatively high odds of a pedestrian accident at a signalised intersection, which were found to be three times that at a Stop/Give Way sign, could be explained by the tendency to use accidents as a warrant for signals. While signals may reduce accidents, they apparently did not fully compensate for the danger to pedestrians. The hazard was attributed to behavioural factors by implication because traffic factors had been accounted for in the model. A review of subsequent literature has been carried out to assess the validity of the model with some hindsight. The Logit model, although developed 15 years ago, is found to be still relevant today and its form is proposed for an extension of the analysis from specific crossings on school frontages to pedestrian crossings in general.


Books reviewed in this article:

Lester M. Salamon (ed.), The State of Nonprofit America

Peter Frumkin, On Being Nonprofit: A Conceptual and Policy Primer

Paul C. Light, Pathways to Nonprofit Excellence


Aiming at the problem of nonlinear vibration of electro-hydraulic servo system,the SimHydraulics physical simulation was made to a position servo system. The valve-controlled symmetrical cylinder was utilized in the system. The nonlinear dynamics behaviors of the system were studied under the influences of its own structure parameters and external factors. The own structure parameters included viscous damping,load spring stiffness and load quality,etc. The external main factors included pressure pulsation,external load force,coulomb friction,tube length and materials,etc. Analysis of nonlinear dynamics behavior of position servo system was carried out with nonlinear dynamics research methods. The influence laws of system parameters on the system dynamic characteristics can be found effectively. The research has an important theoretical guidance and practical engineering significances to optimize the structure parameters and improve the operation stability of the electro-hydraulic servo system,and prevent system to produce nonlinear vibration.


Pierre Swiggers : Buffier's grammar and language theory. In 1709 Father Claude Buffier (1661-1737) published his Grammaire francoise sur un plan nouveau, which replaced Chiflet's (1659) in the Jesuit curriculum. Buffier's grammar, explicitly based on current French usage, was an attempt to lay down the principles of the French language, not by an appeal to abstract logical categories, but by a careful analysis and classification of observed grammatical structures. Central notions are : nom (the thematic subject), verbe (the predicate), modificatif (adverb, preposition or conjunction) and terme de supplement (imperative, interjection, interrogative or other elliptical expressions). Buffier's syntactical analyses are remarkable and original, not only because they show the variety of functions fulfilled by each part of speech, but also because they point to the specificity of each language, thus preparing the way for language typologies.


This article proposes a novel machine-learning-based routing optimization for the multiple reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (M-RIS)-assisted multihop cooperative networks, in which a practical phase model for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with the amplitude variation based on the corresponding discrete phase shift is considered. We aim to maximize the end-to-end data rate in the proposed network by jointly optimizing the data transmission path, the passive beamforming design of RIS, and transmit power allocation. To tackle this complicated nonconvex problem, we divide it into two subtasks: 1) the passive beamforming design of the RIS and 2) joint routing and power allocation optimization. First, for the passive beamforming design of RIS, we develop a distributed learning algorithm that employs a cascade forward backpropagation network in each relay node to solve the RIS coefficients optimization problem by directly using the optimization target to train the cascade networks. This solution can avoid the curse of dimensionality of traditional reinforcement learning algorithms in the RIS optimization problem. Then, based on the result of RIS optimization, we introduce the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm with the clipping method to find solutions for joint optimization of routing and power allocation via achieving the long-term benefit in the Markov decision process (MDP). Simulation results show that the proposed learning-based scheme can learn from the environment to improve its policy stability and efficiency in the iterative training process for optimizing routing and RIS and significantly outperform the benchmark schemes.


We present an experimental study of the effects of hydrophilic, nonadsorbing polymers on the stability of monodisperse oil-in-water emulsions. Above some threshold polymer concentration, the chains induce droplet segregation into fluid and solid phases due to the depletion effect. At higher polymer concentrations, polymers induce the formation of gel-like structures of droplets. Phase diagrams of droplet volume fraction versus polymer concentration are presented. At large droplet volume fractions where droplets are deformed, the polymers enhance considerably the stability of the emulsion against droplet coalescence. We compare our results with recent experiments and models of colloid−polymer mixtures.


The importance of health to national development and poverty reduction over the centuries, in that improving health status and increasing life expectancy contribute to long-term economic development. This article examined the state of health education and community mobilization in Nigeria's health care delivery. The electronic search of relevant materials was carried out and those that met the inclusion criteria were used for the study. Health literacy is vital to power and support government efforts in promoting health for all. Study suggested that 80% of Africans use traditional medicines while 85% of Nigerians consult traditional medicine healers. Many developing countries, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa, in the 1970s experienced remarkable and unacceptable inequalities in the provision and distribution of health services. This contributed to and explained the exploration of different approaches to improve health care delivery by international health organizations in the 1970s.


There is increasing evidence from experiments that plastic deformation in the microand mesoscopic scales is an intermittent and heterogeneous process, consisting of avalanches of dislocation activity with a power law distribution of sizes. This has been also discovered in many simulation studies of simplified models. In addition to direct studies of the avalanche statistics, interesting information about the dynamics of the system can be obtained by studying the spectral properties of some associated time series, such as the acoustic emission amplitude in an experiment. We discuss the generic aspects concerning the power spectra of such signals, e.g. the possibility of relating the exponent of the power spectrum to the avalanche exponents of the (dislocation) system.


Nematic liquid crystals (NLC), widely used in many devices due to the low power consumption of LCD are more often used as a host medium for different kinds of nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes [1, 2, 3] ferromagnetic nanoparticles [4, 5], ferroelectric nanoparticles [6] or recently discovered quantum dots [7, 8, 9]. Thus, the mechanic, electric, magnetic or optic properties of the nanoparticles can be studied, and new nanotechnologies can be developed. Thermotropic nematic liquid crystals consist of rod like molecules presenting a crystalline order in liquid phase on a certain temperature range. They present dielectric anisotropy so, when an external electric field is applied the molecule's long axis changes its orientation. Due to elastic interactions between the molecules, this reorientation appears only if a critical value of the field is reached (Freedericksz transition threshold). This threshold field depends on LC's elastic properties but also on molecular orientation inside the cell [10] on the support surface [11]. Many papers studied the temperature dependence of the liquid crystal elastic constant using theoretical [12] or experimental analysis method: magnetic Freedericksz transition [13], acoustic analysis [14], optic or electric properties [15, 16]. They all report or suggest a decrease of the elastic constant of thermotropic liquid crystals when the temperature increases. This


Ayurveda is an ancient and traditional system of medicine dealing with various aspects of Ayu i.e life. The Astanga Ayurveda or the 8 important branches of the science emphasize the prevention of diseases and cure of existing ailments. Panchakarma is one of the part of Ayurvdea which focuses on using five important therapies in curing the diseases. They include Vamana (emesis), Virechana (purgation), Basti(enema), Nasya (errhines) and Raktamokshana (bloodletting. Rasadravyas are drugs of mineral and metallic origin which are mainly dealt in another branch called Rasashastra which focuses on usage of such metals/minerals therapeutically. Though Panchakarma as well as Rasashastra are not included in Astanga Ayurveda, the utility of both the sciences are found in all the eight branches. The present article aims to establish the utility of drugs of metal/mineral origin in the field of Panchakarma.


Known as the world's first complete translation of the Qing novel The dream of Red Chamber, the Naksunjae version of The dream of Red Chamber, in the light of translation, revealed some interesting features of cultural and interpretational differences. This article points out that Chosun translator of The dream of Red Chamber seemed to have some difficulties in translating some Chinese words or sentences, which reflect the Qing Dynasty culture. After analyzing, this article suggests that although the translator had enough capability to translate The dream of Red Chamber, there were still incorrect translations remained. These mistranslations can be categorized in four groups, 1) the names of cuisine 2) the terms in Chinese drama 3) dialogues of chinese people, and 4) words reflect Manchu(滿州) culture. In spite of the examples of mistranslation, this study finds that the translator struggled to find correct meaning by using context clues in The dream of Red Chamber. Moreover, some examples of mistranslation, such as "冤家", shows that the original meaning and translation meaning may complement each other, and thus enlarge the interpretation of The dream of Red Chamber.


Major General R.E. Urquhart is best remembered for his part in the Battle of Arnhem, during which he commanded the 1st Airborne Division in one of the bitterest battles of World War II. Between 1950 and 1952 he was also significantly involved in the successful campaign against the communist terrorists in Malaya, laying the foundations on which General Templer was later able to build his reputation as saviour of the country. This biography traces Urquhart's life from his time as a junior officer in the Highland Light Infantry to his successful second career in the steel industry after 34 years in the Army. John Baynes is the author of "Soldiers of Scotland" and "Forgotten Victor", a biography of General Sir Richard O'Conner.


Donald Kennedy's Editorial "Academic health II" (27 Aug., p. [1213][1]) draws attention to the negative economic and budget environment in which higher education must compete for public support. Indeed, most university administrators must consider how research programs and facilities support the


Underwater communication is a newer addition to the ad hoc network arena as it opens several avenues of research that can be carried out under water. It has a varied range of applications which it carries out with the help of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV).Acoustic waves are used for sending out the network signals because they tend to have a lower attenuation under water. Underwater Acoustic Communication (UWAC) is used to send and receive signals underwater. Since UWAC is a relatively new field, there are still a lot of challenges to overcome. Unlike terrestrial communication, UWAC has to encounter factors like limited bandwidth, longer propagation delay, Doppler Effect, and channel availability problems. All of these factors have a direct effect on the throughput. Clustering the network can effectively help in managing the network efficiently. We have proposed an Energy Efficient Minimum Cost Cluster routing Protocol (EEMCCP), which routes packets with the help of clusters. The clustering of the network is efficiently achieved by using the Chaotic Algae Algorithm (CAA).After clustering the network, one node from each cluster acts as the Cluster Head (CH). The proposed protocol does not require any node position information and also ensures that, only a minimal number of nodes are involved in the end to end routing process. Some of the Cluster Heads are selected as gateway nodes based on their RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indictor) values of the Hello packets. Selected CHs are appointed as gateway nodes that are responsible for supplying the data to the AUV nodes that are nearer to them. When these gateway CH nodes exhaust their energy, back up nodes act as gateway nodes thus making the protocol a flexible one. In fact, the node location and position are not taken into consideration. The AUV nodes transfer the acquired information to a communication link which in turn transfers the data to a terrestrial destination. The EEMCCP focuses towards a cost effective solution for transmitting data. The performance of EEMCCP is compared with the existing protocols employed for underwater communication. From the analysis, we find that EEMCCP achieves a good throughput and PDR than the existing protocols. Index Terms – EEMCCP, AEERP, EEDBR, AUV, Gateway Nodes, RSSI, Routing, Cluster, Cluster Head, CAA.


Gas turbine engines exhibit very high maintenance costs. Moreover, in the case of aero applications an in-flight engine incidence, shall, by all means, be avoided, a condition that drives total maintenance costs even higher. A measure in favor of balancing these costs is to monitor continuously the variation of engine performance data recorded during flight, establish methods to deduce useful information regarding the engine "health" status and, as a result, take appropriate actions to maintain a good engine operating condition. The current work presents such a method tailored on the "F100-PW-229" engine that is operated by the ellenic Air Force as the propulsion system of the "F-16 block 52M" aircraft [3]. CEDATS and MS Excel were the computational tools used for the current engine performance study. CEDATS is a software developed for the engine users. It provides basic data trend monitoring functions and engine fault warnings. It is well known that there is always space for improvement for such health monitoring tools since there are cases where engine operating faults are not captured. Within the frame of the current work, a data post – processing method on the engine performance data time series was applied using MS Excel, in order to raise early warnings of an uncaptured compressor operating fault.


It is an object of the present invention to provide a light bar for an aircraft cabin, which is particularly easy to integrate and / or has particularly good operating characteristics. For this purpose, an illumination strip 1 is proposed for an aircraft interior with a circuit board 12 with the board 12 extends along a longitudinal direction L of the lighting strip 1, with a group of LEDs 8, wherein the LEDs 8 are arranged on the circuit board 12 and powered by a supply voltage be, wherein the LEDs are arranged in an LED network 7 8 and wherein the LED network can take 7 different operating states, with a controllable current sink assembly 6 for conversion of a via connection 16.3 transported electrical energy into heat, with a control device 9 is arranged to control the current sink arrangement 6, wherein the current sink assembly 6 has a plurality of electrically parallel arranged individual lowering means 15 for converting the electrical energy into heat, wherein the individual sink devices distributed 15 on the board 12 along the length L of the board 12 sin d.


During the eighties, the neoclassical paradigm explaining innovation as a "manna from heaven" has been overcome by the more realistic approach dealing with uncertainty and imperfect information accompaining the decision making processes of firms. The innovative capacity of each firm is mainly driven by dynamic elements such as search and learning, which define in the long term the technological trajectory followed by each firm (Dosi, 1982; Dosi et al. 1989; Nelson and Winter, 1988).


The housing used in extra heavy plate mill at home and abroad has normally two kinds of structure,i.e.one is the integrated type and another has combined structure.Through the comparison and analysis of two kinds of housing with regard to their structures,difficulties in manufacture process and statusin application,the design concept of pre-stressed housing is introduced;the feasibility of such housing is analyzed;and the structuralsty leand manufactural process are discussed.Since the heavy pre-stressed housing is composed of modules,the difficulty in manufactureis accordingly reduced;the quality of component easily guaranteed and the manufacturing cycle also shortened remarkably due to the reduced weight of single component.This is more compliant with the trend of low-carbon philosophy in the heavy mechanical manufacturing process.


In article the problem of representations about health at the persons who are not possessing professional knowledge is considered. Results of research of representations about the health, received on sample of children, students, adult are presented. Results of research show that there are general and specific features in representations about health in connection with age. It is necessary to carry that the general field of representations about health includes characteristics of emotional sphere, physical qualities of the person, feature of activity to number of the general tendencies. Specific features in the perception of health are manifested in the fact that children are increasingly paying attention to the physical condition of a person, a person of college-age psychological component (associated health in a good mood, positive emotions), a person of mature age associated with the activity of human health, activity.


A method for maintaining a balanced battery (balancing) of the hearing aid in an electronic device, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, operation of performing the connection of the first hearing aid; Operation for the connection to the first hearing aid see if maintained for a predetermined period; Be maintained when the second or later cycle is connected to the first hearing aid constant, it is possible to include operations that perform connection and second hearing aid. Further, it is possible that other embodiments.


man, wlho, after treating her for some months for cystitis, sent her into the Royal Hospital, where she is at present a patient. During the three years she has suffered from cystitis she has been troubled with headaches, which she states increase with the pain in the bladder region. I have been unable to find a record of any case of uncomplicated cystitis from which the typhoid bacillus has been isolated in pure culture. In the exhaustive discussion of genito-urinary infections at the Edinburgh meeting of the British Medical Associati9n this year no such case was mentioned. This case seems of interest for the following reasons. i. The history gives no evidence that the patient ever had typhoid fever, and the fact that she spent so much of her time in hospital and was under medical treatment at home may be held to exclude any possibility of mistake in this respect. In cases of typhoid fever the bacillus of Eberth is often found in the urine, even some weeks after the temperature is normal.2 This case is one of typhoid infection without the usual symptoms of typhoid fever, and since there is no point in the history subsequent to the commencement of the cystitis three years ago, which suggests the occurrence of a new infection, the probabilty is that the typhoid bacillus has been present from the beginning. When we consider the fact that typhoid bacilli are so easily destroyed by more vigorous forms, such as Escherich's bacillus, it seems highly improbable that at any time during the course of the cystitis the typhoid bacillus has displaced the coli bacillus in the bladder. The acidity of the urine excludes the probability of other forms commonly found in cystitis ever having been present. 2. The blood serum gave a decided "reaction of infection." This shows that the case is not a simple bacteriuria, but that the bacillus has a nidus somewhere, as for example in the mucous membrane of the bladder, and thereby has such an effect on the blood and tissues as to cause the serum to acquire the agglutinating power. 3. It seems to follow that in this case the bacillus of Eberth was capable of producing a local lesion without the patient suffering from typhoid fever. 4. The fact that the bacillus can grow in the tissues without any symptoms of enteric fever resulting, and produce there a local lesion, is in favour of the view that this fever is a true general infection, and not merely of local origin, in the Peyer's patches of the intestine. 5. It also proves that the bacillus may occur in the tissues, and the blood serum give Widal's reaction, without the infection which we recognise as typhoid fever resulting. 6. To explain the anomalous fact that we have here a lesion, restricted apparently to the urinary organs, produced by the typhoid bacillus, which has persisted for a very considerable time without any symptoms of typhoid fever, three theories seem admissible: (a) This patient for some reason or other was not very susceptible to infection with Eberth's bacillus, so that when the opportunity for infection occurred a local lesion alone resulted, and no general infection. This agrees with the result obtained when a non-susceptible animal is inoculated with a given bacillus. (b) We have here a form of typhoid bacilluswhich differs in its infectious power from the recognised form of Eberth's bacillus. (c) Typhoid fever is not solely due to the bacillus of Eberth, but other etiological factors must be brought to bear on the patient before the clinical features of typhoid septicaemia result. The researches of Sanarelli,3 which show how the virulence of the typhoid bacillus is increased by the injections of the toxin of the bacillus coli communis, and also those of Sidney Martin,4 which confirm his results, make it certain that the bacillus coli communis may be directly concerned in producing a virulent typhoid infection in animals. In the recent report -on the Belfast water supply, Dr. Lorrain Smith has shown that the bacillus coli communis had-a distinct relation to the etiology of the recent epidemic of typhoid fever in Belfast (I898), and that many of the cases gave evidence of the existence of a mixed infection of the bacillus of Eberth and that of Escherich. The persistence of the typhoid bacillus in the bladder possibly for three years appears less remarkable when we recall the cases in which abscesses containing typhoid bacilli have been observed six or seven years after the occurrence of typhoid fever in the patient. 6 I have to express my thanks to Professor Byers for permission to publish the clinical account of this case, and to Dr. Lorrain Smith, in whose laboratory the examination of the urine was conducted, and who not only suggested the line of investigation, but also verified my results.


There are several methods for correlating thin film thickness measurement equipment. The most commonly used method is to program in an offset that gets systematically added to or subtracted from the thickness calculation. Measurement errors can occur using this 'fudge factor' method because the relationship between the reference thicknesses and the measured thicknesses is not, in general, a fixed constant or simple function. A better method for correlating thin film thickness measurement equipment is to tune the instruments to the process by refining the internal optical constants.


To protect the college teachers' interest and right is necessary for the healthy development of the staff recruitment reform,and also the key to promoting teachers' working efficiency.There are many problems in the appeal system——mainly on administrative remedy,arbitration system,and administration reconsideration system.To include teachers in the system of judicial remedy is good for the development of China's higher education.It is suggested to define the appeal scope for the college management behavior,establish limited checking system,respect the academic autonomy,and carefully treat the school documents.


Master`s Dissertation Post-Graduation Program in Forest Engineering Universidade Federal de Santa Maria ALTERATIONS IN THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WATER CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF EUCALYPTUS FORESTRY ACTIVITY IN WATERSHEDS OF THE PAMPA REGION RS AUTHOR: MIRIAN LAGO VALENTE ADVISER: JUSSARA CABRAL CRUZ Place and Date of Presentation: Santa Maria, April 23, 2013. This study was conducted in order to investigate possible changes in the quality characteristics of the water resources, with the introduction of eucalyptus afforestation to replace the traditional use of the Pampa biome, in watersheds located in the city of Rosário do Sul (RS). Therefore, the investigation included two experimental areas (watersheds), one of them, using forestry with Eucalyptus sp. (ME) with a catchment area equal to 95 ha and other native pasture and extensive livestock (MC) with an area equal to 21 ha. During the period from August 2011 to August 2012, there was monitoring of hourly water levels of streams (dataloggers), daily rainfall (funnels collectors), and biweekly, of the surface water physical, chemical and biological processes, which corresponds to pH, EC, temperature, turbidity, and the concentrations of NH4 + , NO 2, NO 3, PO4 , SO4 2, K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , F , Cl , Na 2+ , BOD5,20, DO, SS, TS, DS, alkalinity, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The rainfall and average flow rates recorded for the period was 583,8 (1,55) and 721,6 mm (2,77 L s -1 ), respectively, for MC and ME. According classes framework of Resolution n° 357/05 of CONAMA, through the retention curves of the quality parameters BOD5,20, turbidity, Escherichia coli and TS, in general, the ME framework presented in larger classes MC, except for the variable E. coli, which showed class 4 for MC. The principal components analysis yielded a reduction of 19 to 12 variables analyzed. Four components explained 82,3 % of the total variance of the data for ME, the pH, EC, turbidity, alkalinity, DS, Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ were the variables which best characterize the sampled water (PC1). In MC 81,9 % of the total variance was accounted for five main components, being EC, alkalinity, K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ , which best represented the water quality. The introduction of forestry, along with the areas of environmental protection required by the legislation (PPA + LR), to replace the traditional use of the Pampa biome (extensive livestock) contributed to a reduction of up to nine times the E. coli concentration, when assessed by dilution of the variable in the curve of permanence flow.


It's crucial to control Alternaria blight and Anthracnose emerging mostly on ginseng leaves during the rainy season to increase the organic ginseng products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficay of lime-brodeaux spray on the ginseng leaves and evaluate the growth and yield of the ...


Aedes albopictus is registered for the first time in Roraima, Brazil. From June 2006 to May 2007, three pupae and ten larvae of Ae. albopictus were collected, during routine surveillance work in three urban neighborhoods in the city of Boa Vista. Two larvae reached adulthood as females. Although Ae. albopictus is not presently considered of primary importance in dengue transmission, its occurrence could favor a linkage between urban and forest cycles of yellow fever and other arboviruses in Brazil.


In this paper the term U-ternary semigroup is introduced.  It is proved that a ternary semigroup T is a U-ternary semigroup if either T has a left (lateral, right) identity or T is generated by an idempotent.  It is proved that a ternary semigroup is U-ternary semigroup if and only if (1) every proper ideal of T is contained in a proper prime ideal of T, (2) every ideal A of T is semiprime ideal of T, (3) every ideal A of T is the intersection of all prime ideal of T contains A , (4) T\A is an n-system of T or empty where A is an ideal of T, (5) T\A is an m-system of T where A is an ideal of T.  Further it is proved that if T be a U-ternary semigroup.  Then T = T 3 and hence every maximal ideal is prime.  Conversely if {P 𝛂 } is a collection of all prime ideals in T and if P is a maximal element in this collection, then P is a maximal ideal of T.  The term dimension n is introduced and it is proved that if A is a proper ideal of the finite dimensional U-ternary semigroup T.  Then A is contained in maximal ideal. The term V-ternary semigroup is introduced and proved that a ternary semigroup T is a V-ternary semigroup if and only if T has at least one proper prime ideal and if {P 𝛂 } is the family of all proper prime ideals, then = T for x ∈ T\ ∪ P 𝛂 or T is a simple ternary semigroup. Mathematical  subject classification (2010) : 20M07; 20M11; 20M12.


In this paper, the methods of prediction of upheaval deformations of ground induced by expansive soils and the assessment of site including expansive soil layers are reviewed. A method of prediction of the upheaval deformations on the basis of soil softening is formulated. Relationships to determine swelling potential of soil element in half-space under self weight are presented. The computation method of upheaval deformations on horizontal ground including expansive soil layers is explained in details. A site including expansive soil layer with high swelling pressure is chosen to illustrate the influence of thickness and position of expansive soil layer on upheaval deformations. Finally, the computation method of upheaval deformations of ground is applied to assessment of sites including expansive soil layers, and important influence of thickness and position of expansive soil layer on site assessment is shown.


From an early age already, my parents had instilled in me the love for nature and wildlife. On weekends, we went on nature walks and explored the nearby mountain area. Later on, I decided to study biology and learn more about the natural habitat of wild flora and fauna. One of the most unforgettable experiences during my studies was an excursion to Kenya. We climbed up Mount Kenya up to 4500 m and explored the different vegetation zones with severe changes in temperature from day to night. This made me really curious about the underlying molecular mechanisms how plants can survive these temperature changes. From that point on I was interested in the molecular basis of life.


(1953). XC.—New species of chrysomelidae (Galerucinae) from East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 6, No. 71, pp. 864-870.


. This study was undertaken to elucidate the factors responsible for the renal lesion in congenital cyanotic heart diseases. Four patients with septal defects and four with Fallet's tetrad and renal involvement have been examined by right heart catheterization and reexamined by renal vein and kidney pelvic catheterization for determination of the renal functional and metabolic impairment simultaneously with oxygen tension measurement in pelvic urine. The renal involvement in these patients was not correlated to the degree of polycythemia. Pressure measurements in the right atrium contradict the hypothesis that the renal involvement is attributed to increased pressures on the right side of the heart. Studies of the renal oxygen extraction and renal oxygen consumption simultaneously with oxygen tension measurements in pelvic urine do not support the assumption that the renal lesion is due to the hypoxia per se. We assume that hemodynamic changes are the primary factors inducing the renal involvement in patients with congenital cyanotic heart diseases.


The paper analyzed of the problem during oilfield development program,including that the difficulty of pumpage parameters registration due to the oil pump and electromechanical were not composed of the great potentiality,low system efficiency and great energy consumption.Factors influencing the efficiency of the mechanical system are found out and countermeasures on improving the mechanical system.


In this paper, Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and the Method of Moments (MoM) are used to analyze the effect of a human hand index finger on a wireless mouse antenna. The important parameters of the wireless mouse that are affected by a human hand index finger such as input resistance, reflection coefficient, bandwidth (resonance frequency) and efficiency, have been evaluated. It is established that the index finger decreases the input resistance of the mouse. The results show that the finger also reduces the efficiency of the mouse antenna. This can be explained by the fact that the human hand absorbs energy. It was further established that the wireless mouse antenna's efficiency depends on the position of the index finger. When the finger is at the middle of the mouse antenna, the efficiency is relatively low. Moving the finger along the wireless mouse antenna, to either the right or to the left of the feed point, increases the efficiency rapidly. Beyond a certain distance on either side, there is rapid deterioration of the wireless mouse antenna's efficiency.


Due to a lack of geographical reference information, complex panoramic camera models, and intricate distortions, including radiation, geometric, and land cover changes, it can be challenging to effectively apply the large number (800,000+) of high-resolution Corona KH-4B panoramic images from the 1960s and 1970s for surveying-related tasks. This limitation hampers their significant potential in the remote sensing of the environment, urban planning, and other applications. This study proposes a method called 2OC for the automatic and accurate orientation and orthorectification of Corona KH-4B images, which is based on generalized control information from reference images such as Google Earth orthophoto. (1) For the Corona KH-4B panoramic camera, we propose an adaptive focal length variation model that ensures accuracy and consistency. (2) We introduce a robust multi-source remote sensing image matching algorithm, which includes an accurate primary orientation estimation method, a multi-threshold matching enhancement strategy based on scale, orientation, and texture (MTE), and a model-guided matching strategy. These techniques are employed to extract high-accuracy generalized control information for Corona images with significant geometric distortions and numerous weak texture areas. (3) A time-iterative Corona panoramic digital differential correction method is proposed. The orientation and orthorectification results of KH-4B images from multiple regions, including the United States, Russia, Austria, Burkina Faso, Beijing, Chongqing, Gansu, and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China, demonstrate that 2OC not only achieves automation but also attains a state-of-the-art level of generality and accuracy. Specifically, the standard deviation of the orientation is less than 2 pixels, the mosaic error of orthorectified images is approximately 1 pixel, and the standard deviation of ground checkpoints is better than 4 m. In addition, 2OC can provide a longer time series analysis of data from 1962 to 1972, benefiting various fields such as environmental remote sensing and archaeology.


Abstract Lattice diffusion at 343 K of β-naphthol-8 14C into naphthalene single crystals has been measured by means of the microtome sectioning technique. Four crystallographic directions of diffusion have been studied, with two to four experiments for each of them to attain exact precision. From these data the diffusion tensor has been determined. It shows a pronounced anisotropy of the mobility of the tracer molecule into the naphthalene lattice. A geometrical analysis of the different types of jumps into the crystalline structure of naphthalene furnishes first elements for the understanding of this anisotropy.


An attempt has been made to select about 33 Forbush type decreases occurring during 1986-1999 at Kiel Neutron Monitor Station. This interval covered the whole period of sunspot solar cycle 22 and ascending part of solar cycle 23. Recovery time characteristics of Forbush decreases are studied. The average recovery time of neutron monitor energies is 4 days, but varies from 2 to 10 days. No significant difference in the average recovery time is observed from two different rigidities. The relative amplitudes of these decreases are examined.


Complex virtual reality (VR) tasks, like 3D solid modelling, are challenging with standard input controllers. We propose exploiting the affordances and input capabilities when using a 3D-tracked multi-touch tablet in an immersive VR environment. Observations gained during semi-structured interviews with general users, and those experienced with 3D software, are used to define a set of design dimensions and guidelines. These are used to develop a vocabulary of interaction techniques to demonstrate how a tablet's precise touch input capability, physical shape, metaphorical associations, and natural compatibility with barehand mid-air input can be used in VR. For example, transforming objects with touch input, "cutting" objects by using the tablet as a physical "knife", navigating in 3D by using the tablet as a viewport, and triggering commands by interleaving bare-hand input around the tablet. Key aspects of the vocabulary are evaluated with users, with results validating the approach.


The silicon wafer is one of the raw materials used to make semiconductor chipsets. Semiconductor failure or dysfunction could be the result of defects in the layers of this material. As a result, it is essential to work toward the development of a system that is both quick and precise in identifying and classifying wafer defects. Wafer map analysis is necessary for the quality control and analysis of the semiconductor manufacturing process. There are some failure patterns that can be displayed by wafer maps. These patterns can provide essential details that can assist engineers in determining the reason of wafer failures. In this research, a deep-learning-based silicon wafer defect identification and classification model is proposed. The main objective of this research is to identify and classify the silicon wafer defects using the wafer map images. This proposed model identifies and classifies the defects based on the wafer map images from the WM-811K dataset. The proposed model is composed of a pretrained deep transfer learning model called ShuffleNet-v2 with convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. This ShuffleNet-v2-CNN performs the defects identification and classification process following the workflow of data preprocessing, data augmentation, feature extraction, and classification. For performance evaluation, the proposed ShuffleNet-v2-CNN is evaluated with performance metrics like accuracy, recall, precision, and f1-score. The proposed model has obtained an overall accuracy of 96.93%, 95.40% precision, 96.26% recall, and 95.75% F1-score in classifying the silicon wafer defects based on the wafer map images.


Abstract A question arises as to whether the wear rate of tires is constant under constant conditions and whether the tread life of tires may therefore be projected by linear extrapolation from low mileage tests. A second question arises as to whether commercially produced tires are uniform enough to serve as monitors of environmental change. A third question concerns the specific method of estimating the wear rate. This paper reports the results of experiments conducted on the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration test course designed to supply data relating to these questions. Regression of average groove depth against mileage for each of 27 tires gave a straight line which accounted for over 99% of the variability with a standard deviation of about 2 mils. Tread life projected from a 6400‐mile (10 300‐km) test gave on the average the same tread life as projected at higher mileages. A bias tire built under stringent quality control specifications and the radial tire selected for monitoring envi...


Our condensed tabulation of Plan performance (table 3-1) suggests a collection of met and unmet expectations, each depending on individual points of view. People most concerned with ecological conditions may be pleased with many of the changes. People concerned mostly about timber-dependent communities and adaptive management processes will likely be less pleased but may also believe that outcomes could have been much worse. The decline of northern spotted owl (see appendix for scientific names) populations in the southern part of their range was at the low end (2 percent per year) of the wide range of expected decline (0.7 to 8.4 percent per year; chapter 7), but at the high end (7.5 percent) in Washington for reasons not well understood—possibly related to increasing barred owl populations. The decade saw a net increase in older stands that may eventually support more owls. The area of stands that grew into large size classes was greater than losses of older stands from harvesting and fire, even with the 500,000-acre Biscuit Fire. Marbled murrelets appeared to maintain their population, although monitoring is limited to the last 4 years and results may be confounded with changing ocean conditions and a variety of other factors. Multiple interpretations suggested that older and riparian forests did better than expected, a result of harvest lower than expected in the matrix and changes as forests grew into larger size classes. At the time the Plan was written, species habitat models were often seen as a way of determining population trends more efficiently and less expensively than by direct measures. We have learned that building habitat models to predict populations is frequently as complex and difficult as estimating actual populations Introduction


BDD (Binary Decision Diagram) is a data structure that can graphically represent digital circuit. By optimizing BDD's structure, an area optimization method for FPRM (Fixed Polarity Reed-Muller) circuit based on improved BDD has been proposed. First, we optimized BDD's structure of the original circuit, then extracted all paths where the BDD node is "1", then calculated the corresponding coefficients of FPRM expansion through these paths, and finally used genetic algorithm (GA) to find the best polarity when area is minimum. Comparison with existing tabular technique and disjoint products method, results of some MCNC benchmarks show that this method not only has high processing efficiency, but also achieves a smaller FPRM area.


In order to enhance the content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucan(SCG),the culture medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was optimized in this study.The influences of carbon sources,nitrogen sources,inorganic ions and enzyme activators on the content of SCG were evaluated by using factional factorial design.The math model was established by the quadratic rotary combination design,the optimized concentrations of culture medium were determined through response surface analysis as follows:glucose 31.1 g/L,peptone 19.1 g/L,yeast extract 15.0 g/L,glycerin 9.7 g/L,and the optimized culture medium allowed SCG to be increased from(0.664±0.013) g/L to(1.112±0.008) g/L.It was evident that the production of SCG was affected significantly by medium optimization(P0.01).


This paper presents parameter studies to find the optimum conditions for the production of a cold highly ionized plasma suitable for the generation of recombination x-ray lasers. The effect of space-charge fields on the residual electron energy of optical-field-ionized plasmas is studied using a classical theory of above-threshold ionization and particle-in-cell simulations. The dependence of the residual energy on the pump-laser wavelength and peak intensity is strongly influenced by the dependence of the quiver energy on these parameters. The effect of space-charge fields indicates that the residual energy can be minimized by a suitable matching of the laser pulse length to the plasma density. The effect of collisional heating on the residual energy is also discussed.


The decomposition rates of HCO/sub 3//sup -/ and of three alkyl carbonates, CH/sub 3/OCO/sub 2//sup -/, C/sub 2/H/sub 5/OCO/sub 2//sup -/, and sec-C/sub 4/H/sub 9/OCO/sub 2//sup -/, have been measured in aqueous solution using a pH stat technique at 25.0/sup 0/C in the pH range 6.7 to 10.8. Confirmatory studies on the behavior of CH/sub 3/OCO/sub 2//sup -/ in the high pH region have also been carried out using an NMR technique. The decarboxylation reactions of HCO/sub 3//sup -/, CH/sub 3/OCO/sub 2//sup -/, EtOCO/sub 2//sup -/, and sec-C/sub 4/H/sub 9/OCO/sub 2//sup -/ are predominantly catalyzed by H/sub 3/O/sup +/, and to a much lesser extent by H/sub 2/PO/sub 4//sup -/ and H/sub 2/O (''spontaneous'' decomposition). The acid-catalyzed decarboxylation of all four anions exhibits an inverse solvent deuterium isotope effect, k/sub H/sub 3/O/sup +///k/sub D/sub 3/O/sup +//, of around 0.60 +- 0.1, indicating either a preequilibrium protonation of, or an advanced proton transfer to, the bicarbonate as well as the alkyl carbonate anions. Rates obtained in phosphate buffers of high ionic strength, I = 0.5 and 1.0, reveal that these decarboxylation reactions are also mildly catalyzed by dihydrogen phosphate. The solvent deuterium isotope effects associated with the ''spontaneous'' decarboxylation, k/sub 0//supmore » H/sub 2/O//k/sub 0//sup D/sub 2/O/, exhibit values of ca. 1.8 for all alkyl carbonates studied indicating that solvent involvement is an integral part of these decompositions. The potential utility of the alkyl carbonates as substrate analogues for the carbonic anhydrase catalyzed dehydration of bicarbonate is discussed. 26 references.« less


The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of SNAP® Lepto, a LipL32-based rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to the serological


Both a 0.45-N and a 0.9-N thruster representative of the designs being flown on 3-axis stabilized spacecraft were used in testing various grades of hydrazine for the phenomenon of monopropellant hydrazine thruster catalyst bed poisoning. Both designs employed Shell 405 ABSG spontaneous catalyst. It is found that pulse shape distortion can be minimized, if not eliminated, by using aniline-free hydrazine. The mechanisms for both steady-state and pulse-mode performance loss are associated with the formation of a catalyst coke similar to the polycyclic aromatic poisons encountered in the petroleum industry. These poisoning mechanisms are reversible, with high-temperature operation being required to drive off the aniline coke deposits. It is recommended that a purified-grade hydrazine be considered for any mission that imposes operational conditions on a thruster which can result in aniline-induced poisoning of the catalyst bed.


This report has been reviewed by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Information Directorate, Public Affairs Office (IFOIPA) and is releasable to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). At NTIS it will be releasable to the general public, including foreign nations. AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2006-174 has been reviewed and is approved for publication APPROVED: /s/ CLARE D. THIEM Project Engineer FOR THE DIRECTOR: /s/ JAMES A. COLLINS Deputy Chief, Advanced Computing Division Information Directorate


The article discusses how ex-prisoners socialized in correctional facility under correctional system could integrate harmoniously into society, and the relevance of ex-prisoners' socialization under correctional system to national resilience. The objective of the research is to find the way to optimize prisoner socialization to support national resilience purposes. Based on a study in correctional facility in Purwokerto, it was found that the institution has conducted prisoner socialization under correctional system in accordance with Act No. 12/1995 on Correctional and associated rules. The study was undertaken by qualitative method with interviews and focused-group discussion. By using some indicators, ex-prisoner who had socialization in the correctional facility are able to integrate harmoniously in their society. It means that they are accepted in everyday life in the society. However, they have difficulties when they look for job. Their societies tend to not recruiting them. Acceptance of exprisoner is affected by several factors, which are not under correctional facility's responsibility. The factors are: kind of crime conducted, socioeconomic status, education status, behaviour before conducting crime, response of victim, and stigma from society to the ex-prisoners. In-depth analysis on prisoner socialization in national resilience perspective concluded that socialization in the system of correctional is in accordance with and support national resilience as stipulated in the Act No. 12/1995 and its associated rules. The article recommends synergy between Ministry of Justice and Human Right c.q. Directorate General of Correctional with National Resilience Institute to formulate programs to enhance prisoner socialization and national resilience. Keywords— ex-prisoners; correctional; national resilience;


To examine trends in diabetes treatment in Danish children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, comparing treatment intensity with metabolic outcomes in the population, and to describe the challenges of population‐based registries in a clinical setting with rapidly changing treatment methods.


To improve the dispersion stability of carbon blacks in water,polymer grafting on the surface of the blacks is commonly used.A free radical polymerization method was first used to graft a co-polymer of acrylic acid and a polymer containing sulfonic groups onto the surface of a furnace black under ultrasonic irradiation.The optimized conditions(pH,content of initiator and acrylic acid,reaction time) for high grafting ratios have been obtained.With the aid of XPS,FTIR and SEM analysis,the difference in surface functional groups and morphologies of the carbon blacks before and after grafting was investigated.It was found that ultrasonic waves significantly reduced the grafting time of acrylic acid.With the ultrasonic irradiation,the force acting between the as-grafted carbon blacks and water and the static repulsion among the carbon black particles were increased to a large degree.Together with the steric hindrance caused by the polymer molecules,the dispersion stability of carbon black in water was obviously improved.


31 January 2010. In Ciudad Juarez, a Mexican city on the border with the United States, once infamous for being the most dangerous city on Earth and for its number of femicides, a group of assassins stormed a house in the neighbourhood of Villas Salvacar. There, young students were having a party. Sixteen were killed, and many more injured as a consequence of gunfire. This is but a token of a growing number of massacres taking place in a country flooded by small arms and light weapons resulting from illicit transfers that have fed a situation of armed violence related to organized crime, that has resulted in nearly 50,000 deaths from 2006 to date.


Average daily gain (ADG) is the rate of weight gain per day over a specified period and is an indicator of feed efficiency for beef production. This trait has a positive correlation with dry matter intake and can be adopted by animal breeding programs to improve the profitability of the herd. Recent advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics are being applied to understand the biological processes related to feed efficiency. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Longissimus dorsi of Nelore cattle genetically divergent animals for ADG, using RNA sequencing methodology. Also, we aimed to highlight the differences in relation to our previous RNA-Seq study that compared animals with contrasting best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values for residual feed intake (RFI) from a smaller population (n=83). Differential gene expression analysis were performed between high and low (n=10) ADG groups chosen from an initial population of 200 Nelore steers based on their BLUP estimates for ADG. The animals chosen as extreme of each phenotype in the two studies were not identical. We found 35 DEGs, being 24 upregulated in high ADG group. The DEGs are involved in metabolism of fatty acids, response to steroid stimulus, fat cell and brown fat cell differentiation, collagen synthesis and homeostatic process. Although the biological processes found in this present study are consistent with our previous findings, we only found an overlap of six DEGs already reported in our previous study. These differences are possibly related to the impact of the initial population used to choose the extreme phenotype animals and to the particularities of each feed efficiency trait. Among the DEGs, we can highlight the fatty acid-binding protein four ( FABP4 ) and the Adiponectin, C1Q And Collagen Domain Containing ( ADIPOQ ), upregulated in the high ADG group, related to fatty acid metabolism which were already associated with carcass and meat quality traits in Nelore breed. These preliminary results confirm the literature data enrolling biological functions influencing feed efficiency. More analysis will be necessary to unveil the mechanism of action of these genes in Nelore cattle. We thank FAPESP for funding through the process 2012/23638-8.


For decades, fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) has been primarily used in elements for which the consequences of potential failure are minor, like slabs on grade and precast tunnel segments, just to name a few examples. With reference to slabs supported on walls and/or columns, the use of fibers as partial or main reinforcement has increased over the last 15 years. Despite the existence of advanced design codes like the fib Model Code 2010, experimental data, and standing buildings that prove the technical feasibility of FRC, there are still barriers for its use at a wider scale. Technical aspects such as the uncertainties in the identification procedure of FRC uniaxial tensile laws and the influence of the FRC post‐cracking strength class on the serviceability and ultimate limit states response are among the factors that prevent a larger diffusion of FRC. In this paper, the role played by several tensile post‐cracking constitutive models—among those most commonly used both in research and in design practice—on the structural response of FRC flat slabs is investigated. The effect of numerical modeling choices such as (i) the influence of shell or brick elements and (ii) the influence of material homogeneity or heterogeneity along the slab thickness on the structural response of FRC flat slabs is also examined.


This research identifies factors that inhibit parents training support - academic students of the school tax mixed Tungurahua No. 12 of the parish San Carlos canton Quevedo, Los Rios province, for its effect was identified the level of participation of parents in the process teaching their children's learning Likewise settled the consequences of the current parent involvement, results that led to the design of strategies and methods to encourage the contribution of parents in the learning process of learners.

The Rios province, conducted the study is in the premises of the school tax mixed Tungurahua No 12, located in the San Carlos parish of Quevedo canton, which took into account 228 students, 228 parents and 17 teachers from educational institution, whereas the academic year 2014-2015. To achieve the objectives of the present study went to the implementation of the types, methods, techniques and instruments of research, with the purpose of collecting primary information about the object of study, similarly used documentary bibliographic method to quote several themes focused on the variables of the investigation, which led to the discussion of results and verification of hypotheses.

The proposal "Coexistence workshop to promote the participation of parents in the process of teaching-learning of the Fiscal school students mixed Tungurahua No 12 parish San Carlos, Quevedo canton, through methodological strategies", was born through a study on the factors that inhibit parents in training - academic of the students of the educational institution - supported study where evidence of factors that disturb the participation of parents in the development of the tasks of their children. Therefore, that is born the idea of action and assumes positive activities to eradicate the problem and to involve parents in the process.

He is expected that the proposal will help positively education as a learning process, necessitating rethinking the role that education plays in finding alternatives that will allow guide and make the change in the classroom.


P. Accinelli, Societa Impianti Calce (S.I.C.), Italy, considers the reasons for the increase in SIC-HPK kilns used and the advantages of this system.


The ultrasonic velocity and absorption at single 5 MHz of the DPPC multilamellar containing 25 wt.% water in the temperature range from the 4th transition to the main one have been investigated under several pressures up to about 300 MPa. Four phase transitions were measured as follows: (1) A fluctuation of the DPPC bimembrane density in the vicinity of the main transition point was strongly restricted due to the effect of pressure, and an extremely unsymmetrical form of the absorption peak around the main transition with an increase in pressure beyond 150 MPa was observed, (2) the notable appearance of the absorption peak in the pretransition under 250 MPa was observed although no absorption peak could be detected under pressure of less than 250 MPa, and (3) the changes of the ultrasonic velocity and bulk modulus corresponding to the sub- (or melting-like behavior) and 4th transition were observed distinctly under 295 MPa.


This chapter introduces the book's argument and approach. It argues that participatory democracy—understood as a method of collective problem-solving—is well suited for understanding the democratic implications of digital technologies. The chapter then explains why the book takes the methodological approach of examining the democratic effects of digital technologies through the lens of the built environment. Ultimately, the reason is one of power: the built environment exerts considerable power over us, shaping our behavior in often-invisible ways. Insofar as democracy requires citizen participation in the decisions that shape their lives, they require a built environment that affords the opportunity to engage in the requisite democratic affordances—specifically, the practices of recognition, attachment, and experimentalism. In order to facilitate these affordances, democratic environments must have three characteristics: (1) boundaries, to facilitate recognition; (2) durable spaces, to cultivate attachment; and (3) flexible spaces, to provide opportunities and resources for experimental habits.


Liberal education is commonly valued for fostering general intellectual development while challenging parochialism, yet recent studies show that students must internalize the mental worlds of particular communities to engage in persuasive analysis and argument. In what sense, then, can a major provide liberal learning?


Motorcycle riding is often a leisure activity and especially curves allow for an expressive use of the motorcycle. On the downside, curves also represent a highly accident-prone location for motorcyclists. Losing the control of the motorcycle in a curve leads to particularly injurious crashes. This study analyses a curve in a rural setting, which has been identified as an accident black spot. The accident statistics of this curve show that 9 out of the 10 registered crashes occurred in the left hand direction. In order to further explore this issue, a behaviour observation was conducted within the project 2 Be Safe. N=289 motorcycles were registered during a weekend, and the behaviour in the bend to the right and to the left was compared. Coinciding with the accident analyses, the results of the observation reveal that more potentially risky behaviour occurs when riding through the left hand bend than through the right hand bend, leading to narrower margins for evasive manoeuvres or corrective actions. The riders trace a path that gets closer to the road edge markings, they are more likely to cross the centre line and they do so in more critical zones of the curve. This research calls for specific measures that help riders to manage left-turn bends safely, such as improvements of the infrastructure or specific rider training. Furthermore this study shows that behavioural observations can provide insights beyond accident analyses and serve as a meaningful complementary tool that give relevant clues for the improvement of rider safety. (A)


The objective of this research program was to develop design recommendations for a statewide Florida Interstate Highway System (FIHS) Road Weather Information System (RWIS). The primary accomplishment of Phase I of the research program was the development of a RWIS prototype research facility that provides the opportunity for the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) Office of Intelligent Transportation Systems to evaluate alternative designs and configurations for the data network, software, and sensors that could be incorporated into the statewide RWIS. Another significant accomplishment was the assembly and coordination of an interdisciplinary team to address the wide range of issues and the technical complexities associated with implementation of a RWIS.


Background: The simple renal cyst is the most prevalent cystic deformation in adults and is most of them are incidentally found during medical examination. In this study, the clinical differences were compared between simple renal cyst and control groups diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography during periodic medical examination. Methods: We randomly selected 2,277 persons who took medical examination in one general hospital health promotion center. Among them, analysis was conducted for 188 subjects with simple renal cyst and 188 subjects without renal cyst whose sex, age, and body mass index were matched. Renal cyst subjects were compared with control group to search for their relationship with hypertension, renal function and microscopic hematuria, past medical history, social history, results of other abdominal ultrasonography findings, urine test, and blood test. Results: Among 2,213 subjects, simple renal cyst was found in 188 subjects (8.5%). The subjects who had more than three simple renal cysts were significant older (P = 0.05) and the oldest age was 70's. Also, higher hypertension prevalence (P = 0.05), more microscopic hematuria, higher serum creatinine (P = 0.02), and lower glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.01) were observed in simple renal cyst group. Conclusion: It is needed to survey size, shape and change of simple renal cyst using abdominal ultrasonography as well as how its progression may be related to developing hypertension, decreased renal function and microscopic hematuria.


Natural killer (NK) cells are key cellular components of the innate immune system that act at the interface between innate and adaptive immune responses 1. An increasing body of evidence shows that specific clones of NK cells may be expanded in vivo under the influence of viruses such as human cytomegalovirus (CMV) 2,3. These adaptive-like NK-cell responses have been proposed to represent a human counterpart to the NK-cell memory responses observed in mice 4, and seem to be driven by activating receptors, including NKG2C and activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) 2,5,6. So far, clonal-like expansion of specific NK-cell subsets has been documented mostly in the context of primary CMV infection, or conditions that are linked to a clinical or subclinical reactivation of CMV 2,3,6–9. Even so, there is an increasing interest in mapping adaptive-like NK-cell responses in other acute or chronic infections as well as in cancer.


Abstract New pre-stack depth migration of 3-D seismic data over a previously-unrecognized reverse-faulted anticline in the South Additions of South Marsh Island has revealed a relatively unusual deep shelf compressional feature formed in the early stages of salt mini-basin development. The structure is a reverse-faulted, doubly-plunging anticline trending northwest. In earlier processed 3-D post-stack migrated seismic data, the Mozart structure appears to be a zone without continuous reflectivity which led to previous interpretations as diapiric salt. The new pre-stack depth migration has clearly imaged both the hanging-wall and footwall sections. Mapping of Pliocene and Miocene horizons on and off the structure rigorously demonstrates that the relative displacement is that of a high-angle reverse fault with more than 9,000 ft of maximum net slip at the Upper Miocene. We have reconstructed the structural development by flattening successive horizons and making the usual constant bed-length assumption. Overall shortening lies in the range of 16 to 18%. Reconstruction suggests the shortening was largely over by Buliminella 1 time. A buried synkinematic structural unconformity is well developed over the crest of the anticline. We suggest that the structure developed as a result of updip gravity loading which induced downdip upward rotation and local compression. Early updip loading caused expulsion of ductile salt into a downdip salt sheet. Formation of a steep secondary salt weld downdip prevented further ductile salt flow into the sheet and reverse faulting accommodated the continued late-stage shortening. The later-formed reverse fault appears localized over a minor bulge in the ductile substrate, as suggested by published physical scale model studies. The Mozart structure represents one of the few places in the Louisiana South Additions where Miocene rocks have been brought up as shallow as 15,000 ft sub-sea and therefore will be a key stratigraphic test of Miocene prospectivity between the deep-water and inner-shelf Miocene plays.


There is of great significance to ease the current energy crisis in China through reducing energy and material consumption in Chinese municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).Through analyzing the energy consumption distribution and energy conservation measures in Xiaohongmen WWTP,it is put forward that driving the blower by biogas engine is the most direct and effective method to achieve energy conservation in WWTP.Statistics show that the proportions of energy consumption for pretreatment system,aeration tanks,blower room in Xiaohongmen WWTP in the total energy consumption are 20.1%,16.6% and 51.7% respectively,which indicates that a high energy conservation potential exists.Operating experience shows that per unit energy consumption is saved by 11% after the operation of blower driven by biogas engine.The largest energy conservation potential can be more than 30% if the designed condition is realized.The safe operation should be given more attention and the maintenance should be strengthened in the operation and management of blower driven by biogas engine in order to fulfill its great potential for energy conservation stably.


Abstract Although similar processes and functions have been proposed for privacy regulation and place attachment, little theoretical or empirical work encompasses both constructs. In the present study, a theoretical model relates privacy regulation to place attachment in the home. According to this model, the home setting may either facilitate or inhibit privacy regulation with family. When regulation is facilitated, family functioning and feelings of control should be enhanced, promoting attachments to the home. Questionnaire data from student family apartment residents supported this model. Residents who reported greater ease in regulating privacy with family also reported greater apartment attachment. Analyses suggested that this relationship was mediated by family functioning and feelings of control. Similar relationships were found for three different types of attachment. By bridging across concepts often treated separately, the model supported in this study suggests new directions for theoretical and empirical study, and new applications for housing policy and design.


Humane education is an educational program that does not only focus on supporting the animal's well-being but also generally gives positive impacts on children's character development. Characters were born from the process of learning and habit practices that were carried out at early age. Therefore, character education should be taught early. Positive character development in children, for example, empathy and compassion, will contribute to the emergence of prosocial behavior. This could become preventive action or solution to anticipate the increasing violence trend that is directed either to humans, animals or, the environment.


The concepts of distributed power generator and its operation modes with respect to reliability, stability, and power quality have been presented. We have proposed to use the principle of power balance on the DC bus or/and the AC grid to improve power quality. The control strategies of converters have been evaluated in Matlab simulation. A DC/AC inverter based prototype system of distributed power generator has been realized. The experimental results have shown that high power quality can be achieved in the presence of nonlinear loads and large scale integration of dispersed and renewable energy source into distribution networks


WITHIN the last decade the literature concerning infectious mononucleosis has often been reviewed by competent authors.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 With each review the analyst has been careful to stress the vari...


Aqueous extracts of Amauroderma rudis fruit bodies(AEAR)inhibited type 1herpes simplex virus(HSV-1)infection of Vero cells in vitro by 50% at 107μg/mL concentration.The CC50 value of AEAR for Vero cells was 1477μg/mL.The inhibitory effects of AEAR occurred in the early stages of infection.


Optical materials for waveguiding applications must possess the desired optical and electromagnetic properties for optimal device performance. Purified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), derived from salmon sperm, has been investigated for use as an optical waveguide material. In this paper we present the materials processing and optical and electromagnetic characterization of this purified DNA to render a high quality, low loss optical waveguide material.


The invention relates to the application of compounds of formula (I): (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) wherein R1 and R2 are alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or benzyl, or together with the nitrogen to which they are attached a saturated 5- or 6-membered R3 in alpha or beta position represents a methyl, n is between 2 and 10 and either R4 and R5 form together are oxo, or R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl grouping or acyloxy having at most 12 carbon atoms and R5 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl, acyloxy having at most 12 carbon atoms, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl each having up to 8 carbon atoms, R6 and R7 together form oxo, or identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl or acyloxy, or R5 and R6 together form a double bond and R4 and R7 are hydrogen atoms, as well as their addition salts with pharmaceutically ac acids ceptable to obtain a medicament for fertility control and particularly to control male fertility.


Treating wool with tetraethylenepentamine or polyethyleneimine or rinsing wool with 70% acetone had no significant effect on the dispersion (γ d s ) or polar ( γp s ) com ponents of the surface energy of the wool. Therefore, the previously reported effec tiveness of these treatments for resin shrinkproofing of wool cannot be ascribed to surface chemical factors. However, extracting wool with an azeotropic mixture of benzene/ethanol/water increased γ d s and reduced γ p s to zero, meaning that nonpolar polymers should spread and adhere more efficiently to wool so pretreated.


Historical stratification resulting from ongoing settling is a common characteristic of most Anatolian settlements, both in urban and rural areas. In this regard, Yoran/Didyma rural settlement serves as an example; whose built environment comprises the coexistence of archaeological remains and traditional rural architecture. The continuing life in the traditional rural fabric on/around the ancient artifacts distinguishes Didyma from other archaeological sites. Due to Didyma's archaeological resources, it was designated as a 1st-degree archaeological site in 1976; however, traditional rural architecture and historical stratification of the settlement are neither assigned heritage values nor attempts undertaken to preserve them for a considerable time. More than 30 buildings were registered as cultural assets after 1998; however, this is insufficient to preserve the settlement's authentic character and integrity. In 2015, a major paradigm shift for preserving the settlement emerged by providing the stakeholders with a chance to discuss the settlement's conservation issues. In the conservation field, there are two main approaches which differ in terms of definition, purpose, and main aims of conservation, as well as conservation objects and methods: A material-based approach and a value-based approach. While the material-based approach's primary goal is to prevent the loss of physical heritage, the value-based approach focuses on the values that society ascribes to heritage. In this context, evidence of these conservation approaches, which were effective in the preservation of Yoran in the historical process, were traced. This study aims to discuss the conservability of the Yoran/Didyma through the changing cultural heritage value perceptions of conservation experts and decision-makers; and is to question whether the conservation statuses defined in the national legislation are sufficient to respond to the unique conservation problems, threats and potentials of the settlement.


We examine the link between the political participation of the young and fiscal policies in the United States. We generate exogenous variation in participation using the passage of preregistration laws, which allow the young to register before being eligible to vote. After documenting that preregistration promotes youth enfranchisement, we show that preregistration shifts state government spending toward higher education, the type of spending for which the young have the strongest preference. A 1 percent increase in youth voter turnout generates a 0.77 percent increase in higher education spending. The results collectively suggest political responsiveness to the needs of the newly enfranchised constituency. (JEL D72, E62, H52, H75, I23, I28, J13)


This thesis deals with the competencies of unemployed people over 50 who want to return to the labor market and need to supply or to acquire some skills, abilities or knowledge. We can find here a general discussion of the competencies which are important for the obtai-ning employment and we also concentrate on different competency models of the chosen authors. The practical part of this work brings us the specific view on the development of the social, personal and in methods competencies. This part is focused on the assessment of these competencies. The participants of educational and motivational project called "Op-portunity for experienced" assessed their own competencies before and after passing the project. The aim of quantitative research is to determine which of areas of competencies were developed the most of all through the respondents? participation in the project "Opportunity for the Experienced".


In this paper, we discuss a human-robot (H-R) coexistent system which allows H-R contact actions in the safeguarding space mechanically bounded by the human pain tolerance limit. The first half of this paper describes our study on the evaluation of the human pain tolerance limit which determines an individual's safeguarding space. We also show the human-safety-oriented design of a robot. The robot is covered with a viscoelastic material to achieve both impact force attenuation and contact sensitivity, keeping within the human pain tolerance limit. The robot, with simple direct-drive (DD) motor torque detection and emergency stop capabilities, automatically stops whenever any severe H-R contact occurs. In the second half of the paper, we propose a more efficient H-R system, which allows H-R contact for improving work efficiency, as long as the contact does not exceed the human pain tolerance limit. For this purpose, a robot is controlled to reduce its velocity with high reliability at an incipient stage of its contact with a human. Through experiments, we demonstrate the validity and efficient utility of the safeguarding space. The first experiment verifies that the developed robot exerts a contact force less than the human pain tolerance limit establishing the safeguarding space. The second experiment comparatively shows the robot's velocity reduction to accept a safe contact with the human in the space.


A new linear actuator is introduced based on electromagnetism and piezoelectricity principle in this paper. The structure and locomotion mechanism of this actuator are described in detail, and the traction ability of it is analyzed. Three different kinds of control signal are compared deeply. Some actuating characteristic experiments have been done in this paper, and the experimental results show that this actuator can provide stable stepping movement, large displacement,high positioning accuracy, and can be used in micro electro mechanical systems.


This study explores the role of emotional intelligence and empathy on the general health of counselors in the Accra metropolis. The aim of the study is to determine the predictive relationship between emotional intelligence, empathy, and general health and to identify demographic predictors on emotional intelligence, empathy, and general health. In a cross-sectional case study, 133 purposively selected counselors from Accra Metropolis were administered an online self-report survey questionnaire that consisted of Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Empathy Scale and General Health Questionnaire. Findings revealed that emotional intelligence and empathy significantly predict general health. A significant positive correlation exists between emotional intelligence and general health, while a clinical significance of a positive correlation exists between emotional intelligence and empathy. Again, no significant difference was found between the general health of male and female counselors. No significant difference was found in the scores for empathy and emotional intelligence for licensed professional counselors and licensed lay counselors. Since safeguarding the counselor's health is ethically imperative due to the effect on professional competence, it is recommended that counselors and training institutions deepen effort in creating awareness on the need to protect the health of counselors for the benefit of clients and the high regard of the counseling profession.


Currently, i* is one of the most well founded organizational modelling techniques. Its main feature is the expressibility to represent intentional social relations among stakeholders. In i* models, each modeling component is described explicitly through text labels. However, the process of labeling model elements is usually an activity which is not rigorous and not well documented for designers. Performing the labeling with freedom and subjectivity often results in unclear labels that are not helpful for interoperability and the understanding of the model semantics. In this paper, we deal with this problems by extending i* models with ontologies. Taking advantage of an ontological definition of concepts and well-defined relationships, we improve the unambiguous interpretation of labels and thus interoperability, reuse and machine-readability of a model. A guided process and tool support for the integration of i* models with an ontology are described in this paper.


This project investigated the oxidative stress in the blood of pubertal rabbit fed diet containing 2% organic turmeric at post recovery from acute ultraviolet radiation, with the aid of three oxidative stress markers: Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD). Forty unsexed rabbits with age ranging between 4-6 weeks were weight balanced and randomly divided into eight treatment groups: AM: Male rabbits fed with formulated organic feed without turmeric and without exposure to ultraviolet radiation. AF: Female rabbits fed with formulated organic feed without turmeric and without exposure to ultraviolet radiation. E: Female rabbits fed with commercial feed without turmeric and without exposure to ultraviolet radiation. I: Female rabbits fed with organic feed with turmeric before and after radiation C: Male rabbits fed with organic feed with the turmeric and without exposure to ultraviolet radiation. F: Male rabbits fed formulated organic feed without turmeric before radiation and after radiation turmeric was given. G: Male rabbits exposed to radiation without the inclusion of turmeric in their feed throughout. H: Male rabbits fed formulated organic feed with turmeric before radiation and without turmeric after radiation. MDA mean value obtained in the control treatment for male was not significantly (p>0.05) but only numerically higher than that of the treatment G. MDA mean value obtained in the control treatment for female was only numerically higher than that of treatment I. CAT and SOD mean values obtained in treatment G were also only numerically higher than the control treatment in male rabbits. CAT and SOD mean values obtained in treatment I were only numerically higher than the control treatment in female rabbits. The study concluded that the exposure to ultraviolet radiation at the intensity and period in this study did not result in oxidative stress in the blood of pubertal rabbits.


We propose a low-cost probabilistic shaping method called the complementary mapper (CM) shaping, and experimentally demonstrate a wide range of rate adaptation using the CM shaping in an intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) system with 80-GBaud pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM).


The wolf apple is otherwise known as fruit of wolf. It is grown in small brushes or small branched tree. It is perennial. It belongs to the family of tomato, but it is wild species. Now-a-days most of the people are suffer by diabetes, heart problem, hypertension, hypercholestrolemia, blood pressure,obesity due to high cholesterol in our body.The overall raised cholesterol is estimated to cause 2.6 million death and 29.7 million people cannot lead their normal life.Not only it control cholesterol but also it contains many medicine benefits,like resist slash and burn.The main advantage it is grown in dry and arid conditions.So it is grown where the cultivation is less due to irrigation.


The results of the experiment are presented, which estimate the effect of the support friction in standard tests on axial compression on the output strength characteristics of the hand-formed brick. The effect of surface parameters on the compressive strength was established. The optimal shape and dimensions of the samples, as well as the method of preparation of their surfaces, were determined.


Cynomolgus monkeys are used widely in preclinical studies as non‐human primate species. The amino acid sequence of cynomolgus monkey cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) 2C19 is reportedly highly correlated to that of human CYP2C19 (92%) and CYP2C9 (93%). In the present study, 89 commercially available compounds were screened to find potential substrates for cynomolgus monkey CYP2C19. Of 89 drugs, 34 were metabolically depleted by cynomolgus monkey CYP2C19 with relatively high rates. Among them, 30 compounds have been reported as substrates or inhibitors of, either or both, human CYP2C19 and CYP2C9. Several compounds, including loratadine, showed high selectivity to cynomolgus monkey CYP2C19, and all of these have been reported as human CYP2C19 and/or CYP2C9 substrates. In addition, cynomolgus monkey CYP2C19 formed the same loratadine metabolite as human CYP2C19, descarboethoxyloratadine. These results suggest that cynomolgus monkey CYP2C19 is generally similar to human CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 in its substrate recognition functionality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A new species of Cicindelidae, Cicindela (Austrocicindela) fontanea sp.n., is described from Namibia. Photographs of habitat and specimens, and line drawings of the new species are presented.


This project aimed to increase the number of grass-based and organic dairies in Iowa. However, progress was stymied by the severe 2008-09 economic downturn that kept beginning dairy farmers from getting into the business, and also forced some current producers who were candidates to transition to alternative methods to exit the business.


2011 News Literacy Conference Photos, set 17 (Thursday NewsLit2011.Thrs-1) 640 x 4801/640 sec / 2.86 mm ISO 400 Canon PowerShot SX110 IS


This experiment extract essential oil of ledum palustre by distilling with steam.We make quban face cream by using it.The safety experiment proves that the cosmetics not only has no poison and auxiliary function,but also has mang efficiencies of diminishing inflammation,nutrition,and vesisting shinning,and so on.The purpose of eliminating ephelis and chloasma is achieved.


Since the cuprate materials behave many curious properties, the mechanism that causes high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxide materials (cuprates) has been a controversial topic. To explain these curious properties, we must look out the physics what these materials include. In this letter, it is presented that there are the basic physics (1)-(9) in solid materials. I divide all solid materials into four categories, explain some properties of them qualitatively, and suggest some ways to turn a solid material into a superconductor. Particularly, this letter discusses the differences between the p-type high-Tc cuprate superconductors, the n-type superconductor Nd2-xCexCuO4, the BCS-superconductor similar MgB2, and heavy Fermions superconductors.


The present invention relates to a method for recovering acetic acid. More specifically, the invention relates to a process comprising the step of distilling the liquid / liquid extraction step of the aqueous solution containing acetic acid and the resulting extract.


Objective To explore the early impairment of neurocognitive function in first- episode schizophrenia. Methods One hundred and two patients with first- episode schizophrenia as the observation group,and 102 healthy people as control group. Cognitive function tests was implemented in the two groups of subjects. The fine motor ability,ability of learning and memory,information processing speed and executive force were compared between two groups to evaluate the early damage of neurocognitive function in first- episode schizophrenics. Results The grooved pegboard test showed that the fine motor ability was weaker in observation group than that in control group( P 0. 05). The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- Revised( HVLT- R) scores and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test- Revised( BVMT- R) scores indicated that the learning and memory ability in observation group were lower than those in control group( P 0. 05). The completion time for line connecting,Paced Auditory Seria Addition Task( PASAT) test and Stroop test scores showed that the information processing speed and executive ability were weaker in observation group than those in control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion Compared with healthy people,cognitive function is impaired in the early course of first- episode schizophrenia patients.


Habitat selection by the sympatric species, Giant panda and Red panda was studied in Yele Natural Reserve, Mianning County of Sichuan province from 1994 to 1996. Habitat selection was quantified by evaluating droppings of both pandas in 20 m×2 m transect strip. Seven habitat parameters, i. e. slope, aspect, forest canopy cover, bamboo culm density, basal diameter, proportion of old shoots, were measured along the transect strip and in bamboo plots associated with the transects. Vanderploge and Scavia's selectivity index was used to asses both pandas' selection for the different habitat parameters. The results indicated that both pandas had significantly different microhabitat use pattern as follows though their habitat partially overlapped in the study area. 1. Giant pandas preferred to select the habitat with the gentle slope facing to the south with dense forest canopy. On the other hand, Red pandas showed strong habitat preference for deep slope facing to the south with dense canopy. 2. Giant pandas showed strong preference to bamboo stands with moderate bamboo density, thick basal diameter and high proportion of old shoots. In contrast, Red pandas preferred bamboo stands with dense bamboo density, thin basal diameter.


This project sought to compare the accuracy of gravitational wave waveform models generated in the frequency domain with models generated in the time domain. The accuracy would be determined by how well one model, called the template, would be able to recuperate an input signal parameter. This was done by first developing a set of tools which allowed for comparison between two waveforms. The frequency domain models were tested on themselves to see if these comparison methods were working, since the results are known. Interesting behavior was encountered here, and explored within the frequency domain models. After this, issues began to appear which made the comparison between the frequency domain generated waveforms and the time domain generated waveforms unfeasible.