This paper related with the performance comparison of mSE-MMA and mDSE-MMA adaptive equalization algorithm which is possible to reduce the intersymbol interference that occurs in the nonlinear communication channel transmitting 16-QAM signal. This two algorithm is possible to reduce the computational load compared to the current MMA algorithm, it has the degraded equalization performance due to simplified arithmetic in order to applying the mobile communication terminal. In order to improve the performance degradation, they controls the step size according to the existence of arbitrary radius circle of equalizer output compared to transmitted symbol point. The variation of step size according to this principle is applied to the SE-MMA and DSE-MMA , namely mSE-MMA and mDSE-MMA algorithm, the algorithm's performance were compared in the same channel and noise environment by computer simulation. As a result of simulation, the mSE-MMA has more superior to the mDSE-MMA in residual value of every performance index and SER performance , and the vice versa result in convergence speed.


Praguian and probably younger graptoloids as well as the early Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) graptoloids are known from all continents except Antarctica and South America. At least five to six graptolite zones can now be distinguished in the Lower Devonian. In comparison with the Lochkovian faunas, the medial to late Lower Devonian graptoloid communities are considerably impoverished and composed exclusively of Monograptus species of the M. uncinatus group. Lino-graptus and Abiesgraptus, which are characteristic of much of the Lochkovian, are lacking in Praguian (and younger) strata. Monograptus pacificus from the southeast Alaskan Karheen Formation appears to be the youngest true graptolite known to date, possibly having a stratigraphic position not far away from the Lower/Middle Devonian boundary.


Market risks account for an integral part of insurers' risk profiles. We explore market risk sensitivities of insurers in the United States and Europe. Based on panel regression models and daily market data from 2012 to 2018, we find that sensitivities are particularly driven by insurers' product portfolio. The influence of interest rate movements on stock returns is 60% larger for US than for European life insurers. For the former, interest rate risk is a dominant market risk with an effect that is five times larger than through corporate credit risk. For European life insurers, the sensitivity to interest rate changes is only 44% larger than toward credit default swap of government bonds, underlining the relevance of sovereign credit risk.


[1] The dendritic morphology of Martian valley networks, particularly in the Noachian highlands, has long been argued to imply a warmer, wetter early Martian climate, but the character and extent of this period remains controversial. We analyzed scaling relations for the 10 large valley systems incised in terrain of various ages, resolvable using the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). Four of the valleys originate in point sources with negligible contributions from tributaries, three are very poorly dissected with a few large tributaries separated by long uninterrupted trunks, and three exhibit the dendritic, branching morphology typical of terrestrial channel networks. We generated width-area and slope-area relationships for each because these relations are identified as either theoretically predicted or robust terrestrial empiricisms for graded precipitation-fed, perennial channels. We also generated distance-area relationships (Hack's law) because they similarly represent robust characteristics of terrestrial channels (whether perennial or ephemeral). We find that the studied Martian valleys, even the dendritic ones, do not satisfy those empiricisms. On Mars, the width-area scaling exponent b of −0.7–4.7 contrasts with values of 0.3–0.6 typical of terrestrial channels; the slope-area scaling exponent θ ranges from −25.6–5.5, whereas values of 0.3–0.5 are typical on Earth; the length-area, or Hack's exponent n ranges from 0.47 to 19.2, while values of 0.5–0.6 are found on Earth. None of the valleys analyzed satisfy all three relations typical of terrestrial perennial channels. As such, our analysis supports the hypotheses that ephemeral and/or immature channel morphologies provide the closest terrestrial analogs to the dendritic networks on Mars, and point source discharges provide terrestrial analogs best suited to describe the other large Martian valleys.


Nucleation is of great concern in many cases—for example, the production of artificial rainfall and the synthesis of advanced amorphous alloys. Although exact solutions have been well known to both homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation occurring on a large flat container wall, yet in more general situations the actual nucleation takes place around finite-sized heterogeneous particles. The understanding of nucleation in such situations requires a more extended model which considers the size effect of nucleating agents. Partially motivated by our research on bulk metallic glasses, we construct such a geometric model. Also we derive an exact solution to the model and discuss briefly its physical implications. A previously presumed relation between the critical energy barrier (Ec) and the volumetric Gibbs free energy of the critical nucleus (Gc)—i.e., Ec=(1/2)Gc—is found to be not true for general cases, although it is correct for the limiting cases.


Purpose. According to the assessment of liver hemodynamics, to determine the criteria for the probability of death in patients with severe concomitant injury and to establish the decisive time range in which these indicators are prognostic.Material and methods. The analysis of ultrasound (US) indicators in 57 patients with severe concomitant trauma was carried out in order to identify criteria for the probability of death and determine the time range in which these indicators have a prognostic character. All patients were divided into two groups: the first group of 40 surviving patients; the second of 17 dead. For comparison, three values were taken for each ultrasound indicator on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th days from the moment of admission to the hospital. Comparison of the first and second groups of patients by these parameters revealed signs characterizing the violation of liver hemodynamics. The Mann-Whitney test, correlation analysis and stepwise logistic regression were used to study the relationships. Differences were considered statistically significant at a significance level of p < 0.05. Correlation was considered strong when R > 0.5. The best reliable regression model was chosen according to the highest value of the Akaike criterion.Results. In the first three days after trauma in patients of the first and second groups, the most significant were such ultrasound signs as a decrease in the diameter of the own hepatic artery (OHA), a decrease in the linear blood flow velocity (LBFV) along the SPA to 27–38 cm/s, and a decrease in volumetric blood flow in OHA, an increase in the index of resistance (IR) in OHA of more than 0.7, in combination, indicate liver dysfunction in patients in a state of traumatic shock. From the 5th day in the second group of patients, an increase in LBFV in the OHA (100–135 cm/s), an increase of 0.70–0.84, a decrease in volumetric blood flow less than 270 ml/min indicate violations of liver hemodynamics during the formation of organ dysfunction. On the 5–7th day, due to edema of the liver parenchyma against the background of an increase in the size of the liver and spleen and the formation of portal hypertension, arterialization of blood circulation occurs, which is characterized by a significant increase in LBFV in the OHA, a decrease in LBFV and volumetric blood flow in the portal vein. The third-fifth day after the injury can be considered a turning point – the correlation of most of the indicators with the fact of death and significant differences in the criterion in 9 out of 11 indicators indicate significant differences in all indicators in patients of the first and second groups. At the same time, not only dopplerographic indicators of hepatic blood flow, but also linear indicators of the size of the liver, spleen, signs of portal hypertension characterize the severity of the patient's condition. Findings. 1). Carrying out an ultrasound of the liver with the use of Doppler ultrasound allows in the first 3 days from the moment of injury to conclude that there is liver dysfunction against the background of traumatic shock. 2). Statistical analysis of Doppler parameters of liver hemodynamics makes it possible to identify patients with a poor prognosis, severe liver dysfunction in the first 3–5 days from the moment of injury, as well as with developing multiple organ failure. 3). The obtained ultrasound results, indicating liver dysfunction in the early post-traumatic period, are confirmed by autopsy data.


The friction and wear properties of nanometer CuO filled UHMWPE composite blocks with different filler proportions in sliding against 45 steel ring under dry friction conditions were studied.The worn surfaces were then investigated by a scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results showed that filling UHMWPE with nanometer CuO could greatly reduce the wear of UHMWPE composites and the best antiwear property was obtained with containing 15%~17% nanometer CuO.


It is proposed that subjects of transitive verbs in English are perceived as belonging to a semantic hierarchy, with human subjects most acceptable and non-human subjects less so. As a test, six semantically defined classes of subjects were systematically interchanged in simple, well-formed sentences: in Experiment I, 25 students rated the resultant sentences for acceptability; in Experiment II, 25 more students altered one word in the same sentences to make more sense. The results affirmed the following hierarchy: human nouns, animal nouns, concrete-count nouns, concrete-mass nouns, abstract-count nouns, and abstract-mass nouns. In Experiment I, a subject higher in the hierarchy was found to replace one lower down more sensibly than the reverse; in Experiment II, the alterations were consistent with these judgments. The results suggest that, linguistically, the features [+Human], [+Animate], and [+Concrete] are canonical or unmarked in the semantic representation of subjects. The consequences of this are discussed for the processes of interpreting and composing sentences.


Cavity and Doppler cooling of trapped silica nanospheres and microspheres to their motional ground state is described. Characterisation of the levitation of a range of silica spheres from radius 25 nm to 5 µm in both optical and ion traps in vacuum is reported and prospects for realizing cooling in these systems is discussed.


Purpose: Effect of a supportive-educative nursing program on maternal behavior in care forchildren with acute respiratory infection. Design: Quasi-experimental research. Methods: The sample comprised 47 mothers who had children aged less than five years with acuterespiratory infection. These children were admitted to Pediatric Departments at Prapokklao Hospital.The 23 mothers in the control group received routine nursing care and the 24 mothers in theexperimental group received the supportive-educative nursing program consisting of 2-day meetingswith the researcher, distribution of a booklet of the care for children with acute respiratory infection, anda telephone follow-up after the meeting. Data were collected by using a maternal care behaviorquestionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, chi-square, and t-test. Main findings: The mean scores of maternal care behavior in the experimental group weresignificantly higher than that in the control group (t = -11.13, p < .001) Conclusion and recommendations: The supportive-educative nursing program effectivelyimproved maternal behavior in care for children with acute respiratory infection. It is very important toimplement the program on the first day of the admission. Good relationship between nurses andmothers built on the first day will help enhance continuous learning and confidence in providing care.


Unlike previous studies from a single disdrometer, this study investigates and compares the raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics of convective inner‐rainband rain (CIR) and convective outer‐rainband rain (COR) in Typhoon Maria (2018), simultaneously captured for the first time by a newly established observational network including nine disdrometers in the northeastern Fujian Province of China. It is shown that the radar reflectivity for the CIR increases sharply with decreasing height below the melting layer, whereas it remains nearly unchanged for the COR. This suggests the dominance of collision‐coalescence process in the CIR, that is, the collection of small raindrops by larger ones as they fall. Thus, the surface‐level CIR generally has far lower concentration of small raindrops and larger mean raindrop diameter than those previously found in the COR. Close to the tropical cyclone (TC) eyewall, it is found for the first time that although the raindrops are relatively large, the raindrop concentration is too low to yield a high rain rate. In contrast, high rain rates are concentrated at a distance of about 1.5–2.5 times the radius of maximum wind from the TC center, where there are appropriate normalized concentrations (log10Nw) and corresponding raindrop diameters. In addition, this study demonstrates differences between the CIR and COR in terms of the RSD evolution with increasing rain rate and the radar reflectivity–rain rate (Z‐R) and shape‐slope (μ‐Λ) relationships, confirming the existence of different rain microphysics in various rain regions of a TC.


This article explores the establishment of schools set up by Muslim communities in Cape Town, South Africa, after 1994. Twelve schools have been set up across the city: four primary schools, three high schools, four schools that have grades 1–12, and one school that has grades 1–3 and 8–10. They are registered with the Western Cape Education Department as independent schools. Nine of these schools are in working-class, former colored townships, and one is in a black working-class township. The remaining two are in middle-class locales, one in a formerly Indian township and the other in a formerly white suburb. South Africans have been engaging in formative processes that have been defining the country's secular democratic dispensation. Communities have been responding variably to the new terrain, depending on their historical constitution under apartheid. Education has been a key site wherein social reconfiguration in the new context can be observed. Whereas state policy has suggested large-scale reform to establish a nonracial and unitary edu-


Tc-99m-diisopropyl-IDA (DISIDA) and Tc-99m-p-butyl- IDA (BIDA) were compared in each of 33 patients who had serum bilirubins ranging from normal to 23.5 mg/dl. DISIDA exhibited quantitatively a higher liver uptake and faster rate of washout at all levels of bilirubinemia. There was a tendency for BIDA to have a slower blood clearance, particularly in hyperbilirubinemias exceeding 5 mg/dl. On visual comparison of the images, BIDA failed to identify the gallbladder in three icteric patients and dilated biliary tracts in two others.


Nuclear matrix prepared from 2-3 week old rat thymuses contains tightly bound TdT activity which has been quantitatively solubilized with nonionic detergent and sonication. TdT is contained in a discrete complex with a sedimentation value of 23 S. The complex is retained on an anti-TdT antibody column and contains DNA ligase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities as well as DNA and several other proteins but is devoid of replicative DNA polymerases. Such a type of multienzyme complex is absent from the nuclear extracts of thymus prepared from older rats and also from liver and spleen extracts of young and old rats.


Background: Slow-conducting channels in post-infarction scar areas constitute a life-threatening substrate, since they may lead to reentries and further fibrillation. Inverse problem methods may help to non-invasively locate these channels. Methods: Cardiac activity during chronic infarction was simulated based on Bueno-Orovio's cardiac cell model on a mesh representing a realistic ventricular anatomy. Ventricular electrograms (EGMs) were computed and used to obtain the torso surface electrical activity. The inverse problem resolution with zero-order Tikhonov regularization was used to calculate the inverse EGMs on the ventricular epicardial surface. Activation-recovery intervals (ARIs), defined as the interval between times of minimum derivative of QRS and maximum derivative of T wave, were measured from the departing and inverse-computed EGMs and subsequently compared. Results: ARIs were shorter in the channel than in the border zone and healthy area, both in the simulated EGMs and in their inverse-computed counterparts. Conclusion: The results in this paper show that the channel inside a post infarction scar zone can be non-invasively identified by using inverse problem approaches.


Results Positive of H7N9 was detected in Dongguan in March 2013, it caused the financial meltdown of poultry, so thinking on public health safety of H7N9 influenza epidemic to in market management link. We make investigations into slaughtering and selling in poultry wholesale market of DongCheng, ChangPing and FengGan, farm produce fair and supermarket in all towns in Dongguan, the existence problems and risk of poultry market management link in Dongguan was analyzed, eight proposals on supervise and specific measures in poultry market management link were maked for public health safety, the national development of poultry and social stability.


Most remote minority nationality regions belong to developing areas,so the condition of education is not good.In this circumstance,some problems have arisen during teaching English in large classes.Through analyzing the features of teaching in large classes,the writer believes it an effective solution to combine cooperative learning with traditional teaching.


Soil and water conservation is an important function of forest ecosystems; however, it remains unclear which forest type is best suited for water and soil conservation under the same site conditions. In order to clarify the soil and water conservation function of different plantations in the northern and southern mountains of Lanzhou city, we investigated several soil and water conservation function indicators (thickness and accumulation of litter, maximum water holding capacity and rate of litter, water holding capacity and water absorption rate of litter, soil infiltration rates, soil water content, soil bulk density, soil porosity, and soil water storage) of five plantation types (Platycladus orientalis plantations (Po), Robinia pseudoacacia plantations (Rp), Populus alba var. pyramidalis plantations (Pa), P. alba var. pyramidalis + R. pseudoacacia mixed plantations (Pa + Rp), and P. orientalis + R. pseudoacacia mixed plantations (Po + Rp)) and evaluated them using the gray correlation method. The results indicated the accumulation of litter varied from 13.50 to 47.01 t·hm−2 and increased in the order of Pa < Rp < Po < Po + Rp < Pa + Rp. The maximum water holding capacity of litter varied from 35.29 to 123.59 t·hm−2 and increased in the order of Pa < Rp < Po < Po + Rp < Pa + Rp. The soil physical properties (soil infiltration, porosity, and bulk density) of mixed plantations were better than those of pure plantations. The soil maximum water storage was significantly different among plantation types (p < 0.05), with an average varying from 3930.87 to 4307.45 t·hm−2, and was greater in mixed plantations than in pure plantations. Gray correlation analysis revealed that mixed plantations had the best conservation function of the five plantation types, followed by broad-leaved plantations and coniferous plantations. This suggests that the planting of mixed plantations dominated by Pa + Rp is therefore recommended in the future construction of plantations in the northern and southern mountains of Lanzhou to realize sustainable forest development.


This study attempts to examine empirically dynamic causal relationships between carbon emissions, energy consumption, income, and foreign trade in the case of Turkey using the time series data for the period 1960-2005. This research tests the interrelationship between the variables using the bounds testing to cointegration procedure. The bounds test results indicate that there exist two forms of long-run relationships between the variables. In the case of first form of longrelationship, carbon emissions are determined by energy consumption, income and foreign trade. In the case of second long-run relationship, income is determined by carbon emissions, energy consumption and foreign trade. An augmented form of Granger causality analysis is conducted amongst the variables. The long-run relationship of CO2 emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade equation is also checked for the parameter stability. The empirical results suggest that income is the most significant variable in explaining the carbon emissions in Turkey which is followed by energy consumption and foreign trade. Moreover, there exists a stable carbon emissions function. The results also provide important policy recommendations.


Partition coefficients of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid and its copper(II) chelate have been determined in various organic solvents −0.10 mol dm−3 aqueous perchlorate solution systems at 25 °C. The effects of inert organic solvents are explained with the aid of the regular solution theory. Also, a linear free-energy relationship between the partition coefficient of the copper(II) chelate and that of the reagent is demonstrated. The partition coefficient of the copper(II) chelate is compared with that of bis(2,4-pentanedionato)copper(II) and various factors governing the partition coefficients of these chelates are discussed with the aid of the scaled particle theory.


While boards of pharmacy are becoming less punitive in punishing addicted pharmacists, treatment options still vary from state to state.


This paper introduces a new patient-specific musculoskeletal and Finite Element (FE) model of the foot aimed to be used in the context of deep pressure ulcer prevention, orthopedic and motion analysis. This model is evaluated in both static and dynamic frameworks.


The accumulated temperature of Anshan was analyzed by linear trend analysis,moving mean method,Mann-Kendall method and wavelet analysis,and so on.The results showed that accumulated temperature had an obvious ascending tendency in Anshan during recent 57 years.There were 20 years,13 years,8 years and 5 years cycle period in ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature.


illness (e.g., hypertension) whilst others may be ill without apparent organic disease. Does it matter whether acne is a disease or not? The British Medical Journal published data showing that people were split roughly 50:50 on the question of whether acne was a disease or not [Smith, 2002]. Interestingly, in this study, secondary school students were less likely to rate acne as a disease than medical academics or general practitioners. These observations call into question concepts of normality as well as disease, especially as the survey showed that about 50% of teenagers consider it 'normal to have spots'. From the dermatologist's point of view, acne is certainly regarded as a significant dermatological disease and clinically dermatologists see a wide spectrum of patients ranging from the cheerful and completely unconcerned individual with severe acne (usually brought to the doctor by his/her mother – acne by proxy) to the psychologically disturbed, severely ill, depressed, dysmorphophobic individual with no insight and confidence whose whole life has totally collapsed because of a minute, more or less invisible pimple. Studies have shown no correlation between the clinical severity of acne ratings made by the dermatologist and the patient. Clearly what matters is the patient's perception of severity which is determined by the premorbid personality, so that individuals with narcissistic personalities are particularly likely to develop severe depression as an accompaniment of absent or at most very mild skin disease. Clinical management of patients with acne therefore demands not only a dermatological assessment of acne severity but also an assessment of the patient's quality of life, psychological status and the presence or absence of depression in particular. These data must be tempered by the patient's perception of his/her acne and its effect on that particular individual. The article by Dr. Consoli [2002], on bridging the gap between doctor and patient, is particularly relevant in a wide spectrum of different patients presenting to the dermatologist with acne. Clearly, it is vital to avoid a strictly mechanistic approach in every patient. It may not be possible to bridge the gap between every patient and the doctor but every effort should be made. The importance of good communication between the patient and, if necessary, other family members, and the physician is underlined by the fact that up to 10% of patients with acne have suicidal ideation and many dermatologists, unfortunately, have been involved in the management of patients with acne where the depression has been severe enough to lead to suicide. Other factors to consider are that significant depression may be present in up to 4.5% of adolescents and suicide in young males, whether they have acne or not, is an established clinical feature in most parts of the Western, or so called civilised, world. A review on acne by Niemeier et al. [2002] and a paper on acne by Gieler [2002], both published in this journal, are therefore very timely. The management of patients with isotretinoin demands special care and Niemeier and his colleagues review the literature in their paper, noting an increase in the use of isotretinoin for mild and moderate acne. They advise that dermatologists should inform their patients about the possibility of developing a worsening of depression and patients should be advised to report any mood swings or depressive symptoms immediately to their medical advisors. The physician looking after patients with acne or any patient with visible or chronic skin disease, must become skilled in doctor-patient relationships. It is no longer sufficient just to treat acne, but the whole patient and sometimes the family must be treated and treatment tailored to the patient's perception of his/her disease and the impact that disease is having on that individual patient's life. Clearly the doctor's objective view on the clinical severity and psychological disturbance matter little to the patient but even so these views should be recorded quietly in the case notes. J. A. Cotterill, Leeds


There is no established threshold or limit for gear vibration based condition indicators (CI) that indicates when a gear is in need of maintenance. The best we can do is set CI thresholds statistically, based on some small probability of false alarm. Further, to the best of our knowledge, there is no single CI that is sensitive to every failure mode of a gear. This suggests that any condition based maintenance system for gears will have some form of sensor fusion. Three statistical models were developed to define a gear health indicator (HI) as a function of CI: order statistics (max of n CIs), sum of CIs and normalized energy. Since CIs tend to be correlated, a whitening process was developed to ensure the HI threshold is consistent with a defined probability of false alarm. These models were developed for CIs with Gaussian or Rayleigh (skewed) distributions. Finally, these functions, used to generate HIs, were tested on gear test stand data and their performance evaluated as compared to the end state of the gear (e.g. photos of damage). Results show the HIs performed well detecting pitting damage to gears. *


Corona discharge is a common phenomenon in power systems. If it occurs in overhead lines, then hidden dangers, such as poor contact between metal fittings of insulators and transmission lines, aging insulators, and strand breakage of lines, exist. These dangers may lead to further serious accidents. So, faults must be detected and removed in time. In this study, a novel miniaturized antenna is designed to detect electromagnetic waves produced by corona discharge in overhead lines. This antenna is called a rectangular spiral antenna with a Hilbert unit. The main structure of this antenna is the rectangular spiral curve, whereas the partial structure is the Hilbert fractal curve. The designed antenna is airborne and can be mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle for close-range detection. The final size of this antenna is 100 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times1.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, and the weight is 35g. Finally, the performance of the designed antenna is verified using an experiment platform of corona discharge.


Among various courses offered for students majoring in electronic information at vocational school,SCM principle and interfacing draws special attention of teachers.How to teach it well and make it easy for students to learn is worth studying.Based on the experience in teaching SCM principle and interfacing,it describes the analysis of typical cases in teaching,methods and measures to improve teaching quality.


The utility model discloses a tower crane with a trailer pump. The tower crane comprises a tower crane body and a trailer pump; a weight arm is arranged on the tower crane body; the trailer pump comprises a pump body and a conveying pipe; the weight arm is connected with the tower crane body through a rotating universal joint; the weight arm is connected to a folding arm which can be folded and stretched; and the conveying pipe straight extends to the folding arm along the tower crane body and the weight arm. The tower crane with the trailer pump disclosed by the utility model and the trailer pump are combined; concrete is pumped to an appointed operation surface by utilizing the rotating arm of the tower crane and the concrete conveying pipe of the trailer pump; and the working efficiency is increased.


With the continuous increase of urban domestic sewage and production sewage discharge, China has enhanced the treatment of odors in the sewage treatment process. At present, the odor problem of sewage treatment plants needs to be treated jointly by various techniques. In this paper, biological and oxidation methods are selected to study the odor treatment methods of sewage treatment plants, and two pilot plants of biological method and oxidation method are established for the pilot tests. The test results showed that: using biological method to treat the odors in the sewage tanks has a good treatment effect, and the treatment effect of N2 and H2S is relatively stable; using the "alkali absorption + oxidation" method to treat the odors produced by the other regulating tanks has a relative stable treatment effect. The H2S treatment efficiency is best when the pH is 7.5-9, the potential is 700-850, and the liquid-gas ratio is between 4.7L/m3-6.0L/m3.As China's economic development constantly speeds up and the industrialization process continues to deepen, the discharge of urban domestic sewage and production sewage continues to increase. The discharge of urban sewage has a great impact on the lives of the general public and industrial production. In the city, odor is usually generated during the sewage treatment process, and whether the odor is harmful or not, it is unbearable for the people. How to control the odors and conduct effective treatment has become a key issue in urban environmental protection (Antonopoulou et al., 2014). At present, China has enhanced the treatment of odors in the sewage treatment process, but single treatment technology has been unable to effectively deal with the odor problem of sewage treatment plants. The combination of various technologies has become an important development direction of future odor treatment (Ghoreishi and Haghighi, 2003; Sed et al., 2018).At present, many scholars at home and abroad have conducted targeted research on the treatment of odors and formed a series of research results. Some scholars have proposed to use chemical washing method, biological filtration method and other methods to deal with the odors (Cowger and Labbe, 1965; Esplugas et al., 2004). Some scholars have conducted detailed research on the equipment and process of odor treatment (Ioannou-Ttofa et al., 2017); and some scholars have studied the feasibility of odor treatment in some projects (Beltran et al., 2001; Moreira et al., 2015). This paper is mainly based on the biological oxidation method to study the odor treatment method of sewage treatment plant, which is of great practical value (Mazzelli et al., 2018).


Ipomoea trifida (Convolvulaceae), a diploid relative of sweet potato, displays a sporophytic self-incompatibility (SSI) controlled by a single multi-allelic S locus. To prove an involvement of S gene candidates in the SSI system through analysis of transgenic plants, we developed an efficient method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in I. trifida by modifying the protocol used for the transformation of sweet potato. We used A. tumefaciens strain EHA101, which carries a binary vector, pIG121-Hm, containing GUS and HPT genes driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. Embryogenic calluses (ECs) were infected with it and then selected on medium supplemented with 10 mg/L hygromycin. The frequency of callus clusters producing hygromycin-resistant (HygR) ECs reached a maximum of 84.5%, from which several transgenic plants could be regenerated. All the regenerated HygR plants examined were confirmed to carry both transgenes. The ubiquitous expression of GUS and the stable inheritance of transgenes were also demonstrated. This transformation method is applicable to different genotypes in I. trifida and would thus be useful for the identification of S genes as well as functional analyses of genes involved in self-incompatibility in this species.


In incremental forming operations, forming is accomplished by a number of single, local forming steps with simple, generic tools, and in some cases even by laser or plasma beams. This makes incremental forming processes very flexible. However, complex tool kinematics with a large number of degrees of freedom can cause severe problems for process planning and optimization. In addition, new questions regarding the material behaviour under cyclic plastic deformation arise. This article gives an overview of current problems in the finite element modelling of incremental forming processes, focusing on two examples, hammer forging and incremental CNC sheet metal forming. Based on this, insight is given into current research at the Metal Forming Institute (IBF) regarding adapted simulation methods for incremental forming processes.


ABSTRACTFast and accurate simulation of responses of logging-while-drilling (LWD) electromagnetic (EM) tools in complex 2D and 3D formations is very important for reconstruction of the resistivity distribution in proactive geosteering. Currently, real-time interpretation is based on the 1D parametric inversion. Advances in fast simulation beyond the 1D model would open a way for real-time 2D inversion. We developed, implemented numerically, and tested an efficient method for simulation of LWD EM tools in complex 2D formations with an arbitrary 3D position of the tool. The method is based on the boundary integral equations for the tangential components of the field and the Fourier transform, which reduces the problem to a series of 1D integral equations. Computations are carried out simultaneously for the whole set of measurement points with the same matrix, which provides a short computation time per point. We verified the method by comparing our results with those obtained by the well-known explicit 1D m...


Thank you for reading to tara via holyhead irish catholic immigrants in nineteenth century christchurch. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this to tara via holyhead irish catholic immigrants in nineteenth century christchurch, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


For the purpose of offering basic data to formulate accurate total mixed ration(TMR) ,the study was conducted to evaluate nutritional values of whole corn silage comprehensively. One hundred and twenty silage sam. ples from four different time and five different areas in same longitudinal section per silo were sampled from six silos distributed at Ninghe,Baodi,and Dagang of Tianjin city from November 2008 to the end of July 2009. Combination water content and other kinds of nutrition value of these air dry samples were determined,and the data were shown as dry matter basis followed by analysis using the soft of SAS. The experiment results showed that dry matter content was 221.717±24.503 g·kg-1 of whole corn silage,and contents of crude protein,crude fat,calcium,phosphorous,neutral detergent fibre,acid detergent fibre were 87.257±8.547,34.194±12.308,3.290±1.226,2.033±0.456,585.685±69.407,381.425±91.589 g·kg-1,respectively.


The main objective of this study was to develop English speaking materials especially speaking as additional learning sources. This research was conducted at MTsN Model Makassar in academic year 2014/2015. In this research, the population was the third grade students. There were 20 students as the respondents of 19 questionnaire questions.The design used by researcher in this research was Research and Development (R&D). R&D is a name of one research designs involving the classroom problems, studying recent theories of educational product development, developing the educational products, validating the product to experts, and field testing the product (Latif, 2012). The researcher adopted ADDIE Model. ADDIE is acronym of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.The result of the research showed that, the third grade students of MTsN Model Makassar want English materials especially speaking materials based on their needs. The existing materials that they used in learning still have many weaknesses. Then, these findings become the basic for the researcher to develop English learning materials especially for speaking.Finally, The English learning materials for students called speaking materials consist of six rules as main topic and 18 activities to improve students' speaking ability. The materials presented in 24 pages.


Reinforcement learning (RL) is a kind of machine learning. It aims to adapt an agent to a given environment by utilizing a reward and a penalty. We know the penalty avoiding rational policy making algorithm (PARP) and the penalty avoiding profit sharing (PAPS) as examples of RL systems that are able to suppress a penalty and learn a rational policy. However they cannot treat multiple penalties. In this paper, we extend PARP/PAPS to the environments where there are some kinds of penalties. We propose the penalty avoiding rational policy making algorithm with penalty level (PARPL) that can control how to avoid penalties. We show the effectiveness of PARPL by soccer game simulations.


This paper contains some of the main results of an investigation into the use of educated manpower in Norwegian industries. An input-output model with labour inputs specified by education is presented. Per unit of final delivery, Norwegian exports in 1960 used relatively less labour, and less educated labour, but more capital (measured by depreciation) than the other categories of final demand. But when the use of labour is compared to the income created by the final deliveries, the differences are much smaller.


The most commonly used method for classifying an individual as overweight or obese is the BMI (Body Mass Index), which is based on body weight and height. BMI may be calculated using weight in kilograms over height in meters squared. However, the BMI has limitations and can lead to the misclassification of certain individuals such as those with increased muscle mass or the elderly. Waist circumference may be a better indicator of health risk than BMI alone, especially when used in combination with BMI.


The stacking fault energy (SFE) in Fe-30Mn-6Si-xN alloys with different nitrogen contemns has been calculated by using a thermodynamical model considering the existence of both substitutional and inierstitial alloying atoms. The results show that SFE in alloys with lower nitrogen concentration (ωN ω p) increases mainly due to the interaction between nitrogen and the neighboring atoms, and decreases in alloys with higher nitrogen concentration (ωN ωp) that may be predominately caused from the segregation of nitrogen at stacking faults. The difference of nitrogen-occupation will directly effect the critical value of nitrogen content, ωp, when ωN = ωp the alloy possesses the highest SFE. ωp=0.35%N as N exists at octahedral interstice while N occupies the tetrahedral interstice, ωp=0.15%N.


West Nile virus is a single-stranded RNA flavivirus, endemic in Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe, South Asia, Australia, and North America, transmitted by infected mosquitoes (Culex species). Most human infections with West Nile virus remain asymptomatic, but 20% of patients present flu-like symptoms with fever, headache, malaise, back pain, myalgia, or anorexia [1]. Severe neuroinvasive disease can occur and is characterized by fever and meningitis, encephalitis, or even paralysis, including cranial nerve palsies.


In this paper, the blow up of solutions for a class of nonlinear parabolic equations ut(x, t) = ∇x(a(u(x, t))b(x)c(t)∇xu(x, t)) + g(x, |∇xu(x, t)| , t)f(u(x, t)) with mixed boundary conditions is studied. By constructing an auxiliary function and using Hopf's maximum principles, an existence theorem of blow-up solutions, upper bound of "blow-up time" and upper estimates of "blow-up rate" are given under suitable assumptions on a, b, c, f, g, initial data and suitable mixed boundary conditions. The obtained result is illustrated through an example in which a, b, c, f, g are power functions or exponential functions.


As organizational success becomes increasingly tied to the generation of new technologies and the continuous improvement of existing technologies, numerous questions arise regarding the management of knowledge in ways that maximize the technical value of the resulting innovations. Scholars and practitioners alike need to gain a better understanding of not only how knowledge can be applied to the generation of technically valuable innovations, but also how that value can be captured and retained by the innovating organization itself. Using patent-based measures across 117 innovations in the inkjet printing field over the last two decades of the twentieth century, the research described in this study investigates the relationships among selected components of intellectual capital, different knowledge exploration (i.e., search and selection) strategies, and the retained technical value of organizationally generated innovations.


To investigate chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-initiating cells, we assessed NOTCH1 mutation/expression in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In NOTCH1-mutated CLL, we detected subclonal mutations in 57% CD34+/CD38− HSCs. NOTCH1 mutation was present in 66% CD34+/CD38+ progenitor cells displaying an increased mutational burden compared to HSCs. Flow cytometric analysis revealed significantly higher NOTCH1 activation in CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ cells from CLL patients, regardless NOTCH1 mutation compared to healthy donors. Activated NOTCH1 resulted in overexpression of the NOTCH1 target c-MYC. We conclude that activated NOTCH1 is an early event in CLL that may contribute to aberrant HSCs in this disease.


Biofilms, composed of periphyton, bacteria and organic detritus, are the base of the food web in many streams and rivers. This media adsorbs and actively sequesters organic and inorganic contaminants from the water column. Here, we demonstrate the utility of using the contaminant concentrations in the biofilm matrix as an environmental media in source tracking and understanding biological impacts at higher trophic levels. Physical partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners is the dominant mode of uptake from water to biofilm and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) - log Kow relationships suggest that PCB uptake is often near equilibrium between log Kow 5-7. We show that the concentrations of metals in biofilms are more effective at delineating and recording spatial and temporal differences in metals inputs than bed sediments and water samples. The burden of metals in the biofilm matrix explained adverse impacts and variability in periphyton metrics and ecological integrity in macroinvertebrates. This work provides new insights into the partitioning of organic chemicals onto biofilms and shows clear linkages between metals in the biofilm matrix and ecological health of invertebrates that depend on biofilms as a food source.


*Autor correspondente 1 Departamento de Ciências Vegetais, UFERSA, Caixa Postal 137, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró (RN); firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; 2 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, CTRN/UFCG, Caixa Postal 882, CEP 58.429-900, Campina Grande (PB); firstname.lastname@example.com. 3 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, CCTA/UFCG, Caixa Postal 1770, CEP 58840-000, Pombal (PB); email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com. 487 Albuquerque et al. Rev. Bras. Agric. Irr. v. 10, no.2, Fortaleza, p. 486 495, Mar Abr, 2016 Cucumber is a vegetable of great economic importance and food, due to its appreciation as a salad component. However, its cultivation in semiarid presents a risk due to salinity problems, necessitating the identification of tolerant cultivars which developed best in environments with salinity problems. Thereby, in order to study the emergence, growth and tolerance of cucumber cultivars to salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment (greenhouse) in the municipality of Pombal, Paraíba, PB, Brazil. The study was arranged in a factorial 2 x 5, a completely randomized design, consisting of two cultivars of cucumber (C1 Aopdai and C2 Wisconsin SEM-58) and five levels of irrigation water salinity (0.6 (control), 1, 2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m) with four replications and ten plants per plot. The cucumber plants were conducted for 20 days, in which it evaluated the emergency seedlings early growth, the accumulation of biomass and the tolerances index of cultivars regarding the biomass yield. The salinity of the irrigation water affects the emergence, growth and biomass accumulation of cucumber plants. Cultivar Aopdai has the highest emergence rates, growth and biomass accumulation in relation to cultivate Wisconsin SEM-58. The cucumber crop may be irrigated with saline water to 1.8 dS m during their early growth stage.


Purpose: To investigate treatment trends for pediatric distal radius fractures (DRFs) in Korea. Methods: We analyzed a nationwide database spanning 2011 to 2015 acquired from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes and procedure codes were used to identify patients aged under 18 years with newly diagnosed DRFs. Results: A total of 181,218 DRFs occurred from 2011 to 2015. Most of the DRFs (92.2%) were managed with conservative methods. Surgical fixation was performed on 14,219 DRFs (7.8%), the proportion of DRFs treated by surgical fixation was not significantly changed by the year (p=0.33). Among the patients who underwent surgical fixation, closed pinning (9,664 DRFs, 68.0%) was the most popular procedure. The proportion of DRF cases treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), however, tended to increase steadily over time (p<0.001). Regarding surgical trend according to age group, as age increased the proportion of ORIF increased and closed pinning tended to decrease. Conclusion: In Korea, most of pediatric DRFs were managed with conservative methods. In surgical fixation, closed pinning was the most popular procedure. However, the proportion of ORIF tended to increase steadily year by year.


Born into a Christian world without an audience for naturalistic theories of evolution and human origins, Charles Darwin came of age sharing many of his world's beliefs about nature, God and history. After the Beagle voyage he faced the challenge of gaining an audience for his private theorizing about life's evolution from "one common ancestor". From the start of his evolution-research he aimed to promote "my theory", not necessarily as the negation of religious doctrines, but as a religious-scientific advance. One such doctrine, to which he adhered deeply, was a belief in the common-ancestry or brotherhood of the human races as the moral basis for abolishing black chattel slavery. With abolition complete in the British Empire in 1838, all eyes turned to the United States, where slavery flourished alongside a new slavery-sanctioning, race-pluralist creationism. Darwin's transatlantic strategy from the 1850s was to cultivate elite anti-slavery Yankee naturalists whose sponsorship of his common-descent theory would serve to undermine this pluralist creationism more effectively than discredited scriptural arguments for human racial unity. His theory could thus appeal as a moral-scientific advance to abolitionist Christian America. But the strategy never realized its potential, leaving new forms of creationism to spring up in the twentieth century. Key-words: Darwin, Charles; Darwinism; evolution; creationism; common descent; slavery abolitionism; U.S. Civil War; Agassiz, Louis; Dana, James Dwight; Gray, Asa; Garrison, William Lloyd Darwin comunica-se com o mundo cristao: sua estrategia transatlântica Resumo: Nascido em um mundo cristao, sem audiencia para teorias naturalistas de evolucao e sobre as origens do homem, Charles Darwin cresceu compartilhando muitas de suas crencas sobre natureza, Deus e historia. Apos a viagem no Beagle ele se deparou com o desafio de obter uma audiencia para sua propria teoria sobre a evolucao da vida a partir de "um ancestral comum". Desde o inicio de sua pesquisa sobre evolucao ele teve por objetivo promover "minha teoria", nao necessariamente como uma negacao das doutrinas religiosas, mas como um avanco cientifico-religioso. Tal * Department of History, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Objective:To describe the present situation and main questions of maternal and child health service in China to provide the corresponding suggestion..Methods:To read and comment the obtained documents published since 1997 extensively, to summarize the time distribution, periodical source, research type, research method and researcher and content of each question.Results:Unsound maternity and child healthcare mechanism in community, deficient fund compensation, low-level skill of staff and inadequate health contents were the main problems in the present situation of maternal and child health care in community.Conclusion:The health service network should be strengthened to improve the community health service quality effectively, increase the staff's professional level and raise the maternal and child health care level.


Ventricular septal rupture secondary to a myocardial infarction is a fearsome acute complication whose mortality is not negligible in the early phase. We report the case of a septal rupture in a 71-year-old patient admitted to emergency department for the management of an inferior wall post-myocardial infarction. It is an extreme emergency whose management must be multidisciplinary. We emphasize the localization and treatment of this complication.


The Second Atlas of Breeding Birds in New York State.— Kevin J. McGowan and Kimberley Corwin, editors. 2008. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. 696 pp, 25 paintings, 245 black and white drawings, 258 tables, 164 charts/graphs, 512 maps. ISBN 978-8014-4716-7, $59.95 (cloth). The Second Atlas of Breeding Birds in New York State presents the results of field work from 2000 to 2005. During this ambitious project, over 1200 people spent more than 155 000 hours in the field documenting the current distribution of New York's avifauna. The second atlas adopted almost identical field protocols and surveyed the same blocks as those of the first atlas (1980–1985), allowing for comparisons between the two surveys. The book begins with extensive acknowledgments, necessary for such a large project and an interesting read, in and of itself. It is followed by a series of introductory chapters that give information on the second breeding bird atlas (background, field methods, summary and interpretation of results), the natural history of New York (habitats, land-use change), and ornithology and bird conservation in the state. Species accounts covering 244 breeding species and hybrids make up a large portion of the book. Appendix 1 presents brief synopses of an additional 18 rare, improbable, or extirpated species. Throughout the book, the text frequently cites the primary literature listed in the extensive Literature Cited. The very detailed index contains not only scientific and English bird names, but incorporates topics and subtopics such as "disease," "nestboxes," and "breeding code definitions," greatly enhancing the ease of navigating the book. Chapter 1 (Introduction and Methodology) relates the history of breeding bird atlases in New York, details methods used during the second atlas—including field methods, data processing, quality control, and review of records—and explains how maps and trend lines were generated and are to be interpreted. A series of descriptive maps of New York at the end of this chapter seems out of place and might have been better placed in Chapter 3, Habitats of New York. Chapter 2 (Summary of Results) analyzes and discusses atlas data. It begins with an extensive discussion and analysis of "effort," one of the most problematic aspects of breeding bird atlases. Up to a certain point, the more effort (in terms of hours and "quality") that an atlaser puts into a block, the more species he or she will find, greatly complicating the comparison of blocks, species, and atlas results when there are differences in effort. In New York, more effort was expended during the second atlas, resulting in an estimated 0.405 more species recorded per block by effort alone. Because of this, for each species, the authors calculated a correction factor (uniformly applied to all species) to adjust the percent change between atlases in number of blocks in which a species was detected. The chapter continues with several summary tables of results including lists of species found during the atlas, species richness per block, species' trends, and species grouped by habitat groups and migratory strategy. Each section includes a discussion of the possible significance of and reasons for observed results and changes. The chapter ends with an interesting attempt to show how atlas data can be used to monitor population change and the limitations of such analyses. The example used is the hypothesis that species' distributions are moving poleward in response to climate warming, but many other questions also could be addressed with atlas data. One of the primary hypotheses offered to explain changes in bird distributions is change in land use, addressed in Chapter 4. The final sentence of the chapter sums up the difficulty of determining the role of land-use change in bird-distribution patterns: "With the exception of wetlands, agricultural lands, and forest, bird habitats are not monitored with sufficient frequency or detail to establish meaningful, long-term correlations between patterns of changes in breeding bird distributions and patterns of changes in land use" (p. 68). Chapter 5 is a comprehensive account of the history and current state of ornithology and birding in New York. Chapter 6 (Conservation of New York's Breeding Birds) focuses on the 84 breeding species of greatest conservation need


This paper proposes a novel model,the mission oriented model,for the problem of land-based satellite tracking telemetry and command(TTC)resources scheduling.Compared to other models,the mission oriented model constrains a satellite to be tracked and commanded by only a ground station which can observe the satellite.Therefore,the proposed model makes it possible that scheduling algorithms schedule TTC resources to complete more missions.Then it proposes the clonal selection land-based satellite TTC resources scheduling algorithm(CS_STTCRSA)based on the mission oriented model and proves its global convergence in theory.The algorithm adopts a matrix coding scheme,which depends on the start times of tracked and commanded orbits and the relationships between satellites and ground stations.The severe-constraint satisfaction operator which guarantees the individual satisfies severe constraints is proposed.When there are 5 geostationary satellites and 30,40 or 50 low earth orbit and medium earth orbit(LEOMEO)satellites,10 different groups of tasks are generated respectively.Experimental results illustrate that the mission oriented model enables scheduling algorithms to make better use of TTC resources and complete more missions and CS_TTCRSA has more powerful ability of searching and solving constraints and is more stable.


The distribution of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in the cat nucleus ambiguus was examined by means of a combination of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing and immunohistochemical techniques. Vagal motoneurones in the nucleus ambiguus were identified by applying HRP to either the thoracic vagus or the superior laryngeal nerve or the cervical vagus.


The diffusion brazing process, which utilizes diffusion be- tween the base metal and the filler metal, has been tried for joining AI-Si alloy cast- ings. If a ternary eutectic AI-Cu-Si alloy system with a lower melting point than the AI-Si system base metal is produced at the braze interface by the diffusion re- action between the base metal and the copper filler metal, it may be possible to join an AI-Si system alloy casting by the diffusion brazing process, using a ternary eutectic AI-Si-Cu alloy as a filler metal. In this experiment both copper and brass materials were used as preforms. It was clarified that the diffusion braz- ing process with a copper or brass pre- form could be used for all hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic alloys of AI-Si system castings, and that the minimum temperature where the braze interface showed a liquid phase structure was 530°C for the copper preform and 510°C for the brass preform. The shear strength of the diffusion brazed joint was depen- dent on the chemical compositions of the base metal, the type of material for the preform, and brazing temperature and time. The maximum strength of the diffu- sion brazed joint under optimum condi- tions was 130 to 150 MPa for the base metal of both AI-7Si and AI-12Si alloy castings and 100 to 130 MPa for the base metal of AI-20Si alloy casting. The effect of brazing time on the strength of the brazed joint varied depending on the type of preform. The strength of the joint with the copper preform is determined by the characteristics of the braze inter- face structure. With the brass preform,


This paper focuses on the supply air temperature control in a complex heating ventilating and air conditioning system. In industrial applications it is a common practice to use standard PI-controllers for temperature control. Typically the controller parameters are either found empirically or by employing standard tuning rules. The present work proposes a systematic approach to tackle the design problem. It is based on the so-called inward approach in combination with a Smith predictor. Given perfomance criteria are taken into account with the presented method. The plant model used for controller synthesis is a second order system with dead time. Its parameters were identified by experiments. The performance of the suggested (non-PI) strategy is compared to a conventional PI-controller which is tuned via the well known T-sum-rule. Finally, experimental results of a real world pilot plant are presented.


We study the temperature and field dependence of multipolar excitations in CeB 6 within RPA theory for the dynamical susceptibility. It is shown that the destruction of AFQ order at constant field close to T Q ( H ) should lead to a collapse of the high energy part of the excitation spectrum. In the disordered state above T Q ( H ) the dispersions show a qualitative change due to the vanishing multipolar order parameters. We also study the field dependence of excitations at constant temperature and compare with experimental results obtained at the X(001) point. In the low temperature T ≪ T Q and intermediate to high field regime H ≥ T Q we compare the results to those of the extended Holstein Primakoff (HP) approach and find complete agreement.


We report a case of a 6‐month‐old girl suffering from a kaposiform hemangioendothelioma of the chest wall, associated with Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon. Despite rapid intervention with cortisone and interferon alpha the tumor led to a life‐threatening clinical condition with progressive growth and consumption coagulopathy under therapy. Because therapy for kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas with a single anti‐angiogenic or anti‐proliferative agent has not been reported to be very successful, we administered vincristine, combined with cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D, and methotrexate in a critically ill patient. After six cycles of the applied four‐drug regiment, the infant was in remission, which has been maintained for 5 months since stopping therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:852–854. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Recent progress in nanometre structure and measurements is going to provide us with the freedom to domesticate fast correlations between atoms in an ensemble, manifesting them at macroscopic level. So we propose a prospective model of a solid state integrated circuit for quantum computation, based on our coherence generating dynamic dipole–dipole interaction theory. In this model, each qubit is a block consisting of an ensemble of quantum dots, and the energetics of which suggests stability up to room temperature. Moreover, a quantum controlled–controlled not (CCN) gate of the block structure is given as an essential unit. The spatiotemporal dynamics of the quantum entangled pure states, which is crucial for the execution of the quantum super-parallelism, is illustrated for the proposed quantum CCN gate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A mobile operating system often needs to collect frequent new terms from users in order to build and maintain a comprehensive dictionary. Collecting keyboard usage data, however, raises privacy concerns. Local differential privacy (LDP) has been established as a strong privacy standard for collecting sensitive information from users. Currently, the best known solution for LDP-compliant frequent term discovery transforms the problem into collecting n-grams under LDP, and subsequently reconstructs terms from the collected n-grams by modelling the latter into a graph, and identifying cliques on this graph. Because the transformed problem (i.e., collecting n-grams) is very different from the original one (discovering frequent terms), the end result has poor utility. Further, this method is also rather expensive due to clique computation on a large graph. In this paper we tackle the problem head on: our proposal, PrivTrie, directly collects frequent terms from users by iteratively constructing a trie under LDP. While the methodology of building a trie is an obvious choice, obtaining an accurate trie under LDP is highly challenging. PrivTrie achieves this with a novel adaptive approach that conserves privacy budget by building internal nodes of the trie with the lowest level of accuracy necessary. Experiments using real datasets confirm that PrivTrie achieves high accuracy on common privacy levels, and consistently outperforms all previous methods.


The concept of situation awareness (SA)—applied broadly over the last decade to human factors issues in aviation, nuclear power generation, and military combat systems—has only recently been introduced to the analysis of driver behavior. In a driving context, SA involves spatial, temporal, goal, and system awareness. These aspects of SA have been integrated into a goal-oriented model of driver behavior that encompasses strategic, tactical, and operational goals of driving. Maintenance of appropriate SA for each type of goal is based on three underlying processes: perception, comprehension of disparate information, and projection and prediction. The model can be used as a basis for understanding the possible impact of new generations of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) on driver performance. The model allows ITSs to be analyzed for how they are likely to enhance or impair a driver's performance in pursuit of each type of driving goal. The model may provide a way to determine how an ITS supports or interferes with the required SA to meet a driving goal (e.g., an onboard navigation system that assists strategic decisions).


Abstract. Human red blood cells (RBC) are separated by centrifugation into young and old ones, as demonstrated by lower enzymatic activities and lower potassium content of the older ones. The young RBC fraction represents 5% of total RBC. After incubation for 24 h in a neutral buffer, the young RBC HbA1c content increases significantly from 4·2 to 5·2% of total Hb. No increase is found in the case of old RBC. When young RBC have been extracted for 1 h by a neutral buffer prior to incubation, there is no more increase of HbA1c.


Abstract:Challenging Freud's contention that the origin of religion is the need for a protective Father (rather than an oceanic feeling of eternity), Augustine's Confessions (as I read it) indicates that such an oceanic experience generated the concept of original sin, to justify a theological procedure for wending one's way back to that ecstatic experience, and thereby laid the foundation for Christianity. Lacanian and Kristevan theory in turn facilitates our realization that Christianity springs from a wish for maternal fulfillment, a propensity to cling to the plenitude that occupies the void of das Ding. By illustrating the strong line of Christian thinkers Augustine was up against, Agamben puts into relief the subjectivity operating in Augustine's formation of Christianity, furthering our ability to grasp the psychosexual underpinnings of the concept of original sin, with its ironic capacity to compel belief in a purity of spiritual oneness. Foucault, in Confessions of the Flesh, also weighs in, through his analysis of City of God and Against Julian that not only underscores Augustine's obsession with sex but suggests that the consumption of the forbidden fruit might "be understood in a sexual way." The Christian son/daughter therefore, ideally, fuses with the mother-Church to experience an oceanic state of completeness prior to sexual differentiation, an all-embracing fullness that enables a (Monica-inspired) victory—through evasion—over the Law of the Father, the disease of desire, and its concomitant lack. However, although Augustine held Lacanian theory within his perceptual and conceptual grasp, he veers off personally in a direction Lacan would consider a detour, insofar as Augustine "drown[s] the symptom in meaning," in mother's mystical milk, leaving it "repressed." Yet in doing so, he instigated two-thousand years of Christianity: thanks to Augustine Imaginary maternal protection can be enjoyed through the jouissance of an oceanic feeling, celebrated by dozens of Madonna del Latte paintings.


I am sure you will all agree that the Fellowship of Engineering has made a good choice for its first lecture. The choice has been good in terms of the subject. Energy has always been important to engineers in this country and to the Royal Society. Many valuable fundamental contributions to thermodynamics and to the generation and application of energy have been made in this country and by this Society. It is becoming increasingly evident that energy is going to offer to engineers a rather more formidable challenge than it has in the past. The challenge affects every aspect of energy supply and use, and it gives great opportunities for innovation and design.


A DC/DC circuit (8) for an uninterruptible power supply, which is a bidirectional DC/DC circuit (8) and connected to a battery (B) and a bus bar. In a mains supply mode, the bidirectional DC/DC circuit (8) draws power from the bus bar and charges the battery (B), and when the mains supply is abnormal, the bidirectional DC/DC circuit (8) works in a state that the battery (B) supplies power to the bus bar. The bidirectional DC/DC circuit (8) includes an isolation transformer. The primary side of the isolation transformer is connected to a push-pull circuit or a half-bridge circuit or a full-bridge circuit, and the secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected to a push-pull circuit or a half-bridge circuit or a full-bridge circuit. The bidirectional DC/DC circuit (8) performs turn ratio switching by selecting the taps of the primary side or the secondary side of the isolation transformer for charging and discharging voltage regulation. The DC/DC circuit for an uninterruptible power supply makes the UPS system simpler and at the same time reduces the system costs.


The use of thorium in combination with plutonium in nuclear power generation offers a solution to the problem of reducing the accumulation of long-lived transplutonium nuclides. Along with this, the existing uranium fuel cycle (UFC) has such disadvantage as the vulnerability to unauthorized use of nuclear materials. The thorium fuel cycle (TFC) is devoid of these drawbacks.
 The engagement of thorium in nuclear power is possible provided the availability of an appropriate technology for reprocessing irradiated thorium. A fuel cycle based on thorium oxide may not differ in principle from the already developed pyrochemical fuel cycle involving uranium and plutonium oxides. Thorium oxide is most commonly obtained in compact state by electrolysis of molten salts from thorium-containing electrolytes. The most thorough studies of physical and chemical and electrochemical behavior of thorium in molten haloids of alkali and alkaline-earth metals were conducted in the 1960ies and the 1970ies.
 Since extensive experimental material has been accumulated by now for justification of the use of pyroelectrochemical and chemical processes for regeneration of fuel in molten salts, then it has also been proposed that technologies for fuel reprocessing in molten chlorides of alkali metals should be applied resulting in a crystalline product that can be used for the fuel element fabrication.
 Unlike uranium and plutonium, thorium behavior in molten salt environments is less complex. In molten salts, thorium exists predominantly in the form of Th4+, and the mixture of uranium and thorium dioxides with ThO2 content reaching up to 50 % can be obtained by electrolysis of molten salts.
 Therefore, the existing amount of knowledge about the chemistry of thorium allows regarding the use of pyrochemical processes in production of thorium oxide as highly promising, and the available data on the physical and chemical properties of thorium and its compounds in high-temperature molten salts makes it possible to state that the pyroelectrochemical technology can be potentially used in production and reprocessing of thorium fuel.


Fermion-to-qubit mappings are used to represent fermionic modes on quantum computers, an essential first step in many quantum algorithms for electronic structure calculations. In this work, we present a formalism to design flexible fermion-to-qubit mappings from ternary trees. We discuss in an intuitive manner the connection between the generating trees' structure and certain properties of the resulting mapping, such as Pauli weight and the delocalisation of mode occupation. Moreover, we introduce a recipe that guarantees Fock basis states are mapped to computational basis states in qubit space, a desirable property for many applications in quantum computing. Based on this formalism, we introduce the Bonsai algorithm, which takes as input the potentially limited topology of the qubit connectivity of a quantum device and returns a tailored fermion-to-qubit mapping that reduces the SWAP overhead with respect to other paradigmatic mappings. We illustrate the algorithm by producing mappings for the heavy-hexagon topology widely used in IBM quantum computers. The resulting mappings have a favourable Pauli weight scaling $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{N})$ on this connectivity, while ensuring that no SWAP gates are necessary for single excitation operations.


Background Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are inevitable in patients with liver cancer. Although the incidence of severe irAEs is low, but can result in fatal consequences. To date, only a few commonly used clinical biomarkers have been reported. Aim To assess commonly used clinical biomarkers associated with the occurrence of irAEs to enable better management of irAEs by clinicians. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with liver cancer treated with at least one cycle of PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). IrAEs were documented according to the common terminology criteria for adverse events version 5. Clinical and laboratory parameters were also evaluated. Results A total of 67 patients were included, 36 with irAEs and 31 without irAEs. A total of 104 adverse events occurred; 83 of these events were grade 1/2 (G1/G2), 21 were grade 3/4 (G3/G4), and one died of G4 hepatitis. Patients with irAEs had higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lower levels of lymphocyte subsets, except natural killer (NK) cell counts, than those without irAEs (P <0.05). Patients who experienced G3/G4 irAEs had higher levels of CRP and IL-6 and lower levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes than those who experienced G1/G2 irAEs (P <0.05). Of note, impairments in liver function and routine blood tests were also observed (P <0.05). The results of univariate and multivariate analyses for any grade of irAEs revealed that the combination of sintilimab and lenvatinib (P= 0.004, odds ratio [OR]: 7.414, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.925–28.560) and CRP ≥8.2 mg/L (P= 0.024, OR: 3.727, CI: 1.185–11.726) were independent risk factors. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the risk factors of G3/G4 irAEs suggested that the combination of sintilimab and lenvatinib was a potential risk factor (P = 0.049, OR: 8.242, CI: 1.006–67.532). Conclusion Changes in patient CRP, IL-6, and lymphocyte subsets were associated with irAE onset and may act as potential biomarkers of irAEs. Impairments in liver function and routine blood tests owing to the occurrence of irAEs may become new concerns for clinicians.


Scuffing is one of the most problematic failure mechanisms in lubricated mechanical components. It is a sudden and almost not predictable failure that often leads to extensive cost in terms of damages and/or delay in production lines. This study presents a promising solution that can prevent scuffing for the machinery industry in the future. To achieve this goal, a signal processing approach by means of an acoustic emission is introduced for the prediction of scuffing. An acoustic dataset was collected from metallic surfaces reciprocating under a constant load (typical conditions for semi journal bearings). The coefficient of friction values were measured during the entire experiments and were referred to as the ground truth of the momentary surface state. Based on the friction behavior, three friction regimes were defined that are running-in, steady-state, and scuffing. The present approach is based on tracking the changes in acoustic emission by means of three sets of wavelet-derived features. Those features include: 1) energy, 2) entropy, and 3) statistical information about the content of acoustic emission and the response of each feature to the different friction regimes was individually investigated. The applicability of machine learning classification and regression was studied for scuffing prediction. Both approaches were applied separately but can be unified together to increase the prediction time interval of surface failure. For classification, an extra friction regime was introduced designating as pre-scuffing and is defined as a time span of 3 min before the real surface failure. Random forest classifier was used to differentiate the features from the different friction regime. The best performance in classification of features from pre-scuffing regime reached a confidence level as high as 84%. In regression approach, the extracted features sequences were used together with random forest regressor. Our strategy allowed predicting scuffing up to 5 min preceding its real occurrence.


Transactions in securities without use of the certificates are by no means limited to transfers of equities. The Federal Reserve System has taken some important steps in this direction in two phases of its dealing in United States debt instruments. One area in which certificates are being eliminated is known as the book-entry procedure for Treasury securities, and this procedure now covers approximately $102 billion par amount of Government securities, or 43 percent of the outstanding transferable Government securities in the United States. The other area is the securities clearing arrangement, at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, for the transfer of Government securities within the New York area and across the country. This clearing arrangement in 1969 transferred $248 billion in face amount of securities in 353,000 transactions, or a daily average of $993 million.


The recent introduction of a citizenship test for immigrants seeking Australian citizenship has focussed debates about citizenship on notions of predefined 'national values' that are to be adopted by 'good citizens'. Active citizenship no longer encompasses only civic responsibilities and political rights but also involves participation in public life through a sworn declaration to and adoption of a unique Australian identity that has been officially sanctioned by government discourses. Many Western societies have also introduced rigid citizenship tests that assess candidates' suitability for citizenship through their knowledge of a nation's history, language and a set of values considered to be unique to that particular society.
This paper consists of a critical discourse analysis that explores how the themes of multiculturalism, migrant representation and indigenous rights are portrayed in government texts used as preparation for the citizenship test in Australia. The paper also examines government texts used for citizenship preparation in Canada and Britain and compares their themes and content on difference with the Australian texts.
The analysis suggests that through their portrayal of 'national values', government texts describing citizenship are aiming to redefine communal relations in Australia with an emphasis on integration as a means for social cohesion. Official discourses on citizenship are also challenging the notion of respect for diversity and questioning the future of multiculturalism as official government policy.


This article addresses the development of the energy compensation method used for the design of hybrid energy storage systems—HBESS. The combination of two battery technologies offers better cost and performance when considering microgrid systems to provide uninterrupted power to sensitive loads (substation auxiliary system) and also provides greater energy security. In the event of a failure, the load needs to continue operating, and batteries such as lithium ions have a fast response, but are expensive for large-scale systems. However, some technologies offer low-cost and good availability of energy for long hours of discharge, such as lead–acid batteries. Consequently, different battery technologies can be used to meet all the needs of the sensitive loads. A specific method for sizing a HBESS was developed for islanded microgrids to support sensitive loads. This method was developed to meet the demand for substations outside the Brazilian standard of power systems that lack an uninterrupted and reliable energy source. The method is validated by designing a microgrid to support the auxiliary systems of a transmission substation in northeastern Brazil. The results showed a system with a capacity of 1215 kWh of lead-carbon and 242 kWh of lithium ions is necessary to maintain an islanded microgrid for at least 10 h. Furthermore, the microgrid comprises a PV plant with an AC output power of 700 kW in connected operation and 100 kW when islanded from the grid.


Background Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) can be induced by inflammatory cytokines, oxidation, ischemia, hypoxia, and endotoxins. As a "graft survival protective gene," HO‐1 is a hot spot in organ transplantation research. However, the role of HO‐1 gene expression in the function of human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco‐2) cells has not been reported previously. Methods The role of HO‐1 in the proliferation and migration of Caco‐2 cells was analyzed using a stable HO‐1 expression plasmid. We constructed a recombinant adeno‐associated virus plasmid containing the HO‐1 gene, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), which was transfected into Caco‐2 intestinal cells. We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis combined with real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Results Our results showed that significant HO‐1 upregulation was demonstrated in the Caco‐2 cells after HO‐1 transfection. Restoration of HO‐1 expression promoted proliferation and invasion in vitro. The CTNND1 gene, a member of the armadillo protein family, was identified as a direct HO‐1 target gene. Conclusion Overexpression of HO‐1 promotes Caco‐2 cell proliferation and migration by targeting the CTNND1 gene.


We consider the problem of forming clusters of client orders in production and service systems. Jobs and units (machines) should be assigned and scheduled for clients and workers in accordance with available time slots (work shifts). Preferences to time slots and jobs are given for each client and worker. Moreover, we have constraints on the number of clients in clusters, the number of clusters for workers, diversity of jobs for clients and other restrictions on the conditions of clusters forming. The goal is to maximize the sum of client weights (costs or preference indicators) assigned in clusters. We propose an integer linear programming model and adopt such approaches for solving the problem as relax-and-fix method and branch-and-cut algorithm. NP-hard and polynomially solvable cases are identified.


Predicting zeroes precisely and rapidly after a fault initiation is the basis of controlled fault interruption. However, none available algorithms could predict current zeroes within several milliseconds. The objective of this paper is to propose a fast estimation algorithm that can predict current zeros within 3ms after fault initiation. An algorithm is proposed based on an improved BP network. In the proposed algorithm, initial phase angle of the fault was acquired by a wavelet transform. Both the angle and waveform of the fault current was set as an input of the neural network. The first current zero was set as an output. The neural network was trained by over 10,000 trails by using waveforms of fault current with different parameters acquired from short fault circuit simulations. Simulation results show that the first current zero is estimated within 3 ms after the fault initiation with a current prediction error of ±0.5 ms.


OBJECTIVE
To observe pathohistological features of vulnerable plaques in coronary arteries.

METHODS
Autopsy coronary samples from 67 patients died of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and 60 patients of non-cardiac death from 1992 to 2006 in Beijing Hospital were examined. Morphological features of vulnerable plaques of ACS cases were evaluated in terms of thrombus, ratio of lipid core, the minimal thickness of fibrous cap and the density of inflammatory infiltration.

RESULTS
(1) There are 305 plaques in ACS group and the incidence of big lipid core is 153 (50.16%), thin fibrous cap is 187(61.31%), inflammatory infiltration is 263 (86.23%), neovasculature conformation is 217 (71.15%), severe stenosis is 26 (8.52%), calcification is 238 (78.03%), superficial calcified nodule is 26 (8.52%), fissured plaque is 12 (3.93%), endothelial denudation is 3 (0.98%) and intraplaque hemorrhage is 54 (17.70%), which are significantly higher than control samples except endothelial denudation (P < 0.01). (2) The incidence of vulnerable plaques in ACS group is significantly higher than in the control group (89.51% vs. 21.98%, P < 0.01). There are 4.07 sections of vulnerable plaques with high density of inflammatory infiltration out of 4.55 sections reviewed in ACS patients, while there are 0.85 sections of vulnerable plaques with mild inflammatory infiltration out of 3.87 sections reviewed in the control cases.

CONCLUSIONS
Formation of vulnerable plaque was an important pathological factor for the development of ACS. The major morphological characteristics of vulnerable plaque are big lipid core, thin fibrous cap, inflammatory infiltration, neovascularization, severe stenosis, plaque rupture, and endothelial denudation suggesting inflammation performed an important role in the formation of vulnerable plaque.


The TEMEPST system is used widely for large-scale mapping. It is a fixed-wing time-domain system with the transmitter strung around the aircraft and the receiver coils towed in a bird behind and below the aircraft. The TEMPEST data are special in the sense that the data are presented as B-field, 100 % duty cycle data. In this process the system self-response is removed, which means that one needs to compute and reinstate the primary field that was removed to accurately model the measured data. In this paper we show that it is crucial to assign uncertainty to the reinstating of the primary field because it can be several orders of magnitude larger than the secondary field especially over resistive grounds and at late times. To quantify the effect of the uncertainty we have produced a number of inversions of a line in the Capricorn survey where we have added different levels of uncertainty when reinstating the primary field. The results have all been produced with the Aarhus Workbench which uses the AarhusInv algorithm and compared with results from the GA-LEI algorithm. We show that reinstating the primary field into the forward calculations is necessary for accurate modelling of TEMPEST responses. Though, to achieve realistic and fitting inversion models (particularly over resistive ground when less signal is measured) it is crucial to allow for a small uncertainty on the primary field when this is reinstated to the forward response. This balances the inversion and allows for misfits in the range of the assumed data noise, which is not possible for the resistive areas without the assumed noise on the primary.


Unit-linked whole life insurance is an insurance that combines traditional whole life insurance with modern insurance unit-links which provide both protection and investment. One of indexing method for calculating premium of unit-linked insurance is point to point method. The data used in this study was the closing price of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Indonesia Tbk and The mortality table used in this research is Indonesia's Mortalita Table III Men. It was obtained that the net single premium for whole life insurance unit-linked for the insured aged 45 years is amounted to Rp. 350.324,-


Subject. This article analyzes the current level and prospects for the digitalization of the Russian economy as a whole, depending on investments in the digital economy and individual economic sectors of the regions.
Objectives. The article aims to investigate the financial support of regional projects and assess the results of digitalization in the regions of the Volga Federal District.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of assembling, analyzing, and generalizing of the regional project passport data.
Results. The article presents the results of the regions' digital development, a summary assessment of the volume and structure of the planned financial investments in the digital development of the Volga Federal District entities, and identifies their features, general and distinctive characteristics by region, digitalization area, and source of funds.
Conclusions and Relevance. All the regions under study have developed the passports of regional projects to digitalize the economy and are increasing their digital potential with varying degrees of activity. The financial support of projects differs significantly in volume and structure of financing, depending on the financial capabilities of a particular region and the strategic objectives set. The findings can be used in further research to assess the financial components of the digital economy and are of interest to scientists, undergraduates, and graduate students whose research is related to the digital economics, as well as specialists in regions involved in the implementation of regional projects.


The subject of this study is the birth of communication: The origin of language and the diversification of languages. In the article different views such as tawqīfī (divine teaching), naturalism, reconciliation and capability theory, which have been put forward about the emergence of the first language and the diversification of languages, are evaluated around different paradigms. In the current communication studies, language is evaluated mainly in terms of its importance and function; the origin of the language and the change of languages in the historical process are not mentioned enough. Since today's understanding of science acts mostly according to the positive science, it deals with the issue only in a descriptive way and does not go down to the origins of language and communication. Another problem is that the paradigms of modern science explain language and communication according to the theory of compromise. However, it is seen that language is evaluated in many ways in the Islamic science paradigm; issues such as the birth of language, whether language should be divine teaching, its origin and the diversification of languages are discussed thoroughly. Because accepting divine teaching also means accepting naturalism, compromise and capability theory. Of course, some types of languages have been mentioned in modern sciences, but this has only consisted of dividing and classifying modern languages into groups. According to the understanding of Islamic science, the language of origin was taught to Adam by a divine declaration. Because the fact that Allah Almighty addresses Adam in the Qur'ān as "tell me the names"; Adam also understands and responds to this request (al-Baqara 2/33) indicates that Adam knows a language. It is clear from the verses in the Qur'ān that Adam and Eve approached the forbidden tree and then repented, it is clear that they know a language. These verses are evidence that communication began with the first person in the sense of expressing thoughts and perceptions with words and groups of words. Looking at the empirical evidence, it also seems that the being who most clearly and perfectly describes his feelings and thoughts is only human. This feature of human is described through the verse that "Allah created human being, He taught him how to distinguish" (al-Rahmān/3-4. In fact, there are clear statements in the Qur'ān that the first people also used the literary arts, which are advanced descriptions of language and communication. For example, Kābil, the unfortunate son of Adam, did not know what to do when he killed his brother Habel as a result of jealousy, then he realized that he would bury the body from the raven digging up the ground while he was vacillating in despair, and said, "Alas for me, I didn't manage to be as big as this raven and cover up my brother's body" (al-Māida 5/31). In addition to expressing a situation, these explanations of his also include the arts of beyān such as temsīlī teşbīh and istiāre. The above-mentioned and other verses give us clear evidence of the beginning of the first language and the language of origin. Because reality shows that while other living things communicate with body language and some sounds, human beings use certain letter, word and word patterns that are specifically defined as language. Thanks to language, mankind has created the transfer of knowledge, cultural continuity and progress in civilization. This feature belongs only to the human species. Due to the fact that man is a social being, all of his activities are realized through communication, especially language. According to Islamic sciences, the history of mankind began with Adam and Eve meeting in Arafat and then settle in Mecca; then, as in the case of the people of Hud, humanity must have passed to the south; to the western Arabian Peninsula, where it was seen in the Thamud people, from there to Lebanon, Syria and Egypt; and from Egypt it must have spread to all of Africa. In the north, humanity has spread to the remote regions of Asia and Europe through Mesopotamia and Anatolia. The diversification of languages should also be divided into Sami-Hami, Indo-European and Ural-Altay languages from the language of origin first through these regions, and then into sub-languages. The aim of the study is to examine the origin language, the way of learning the origin language and the diversification of languages; its importance is to explain the origin language and its nature, which is not included in today's communication studies. In the study, a document review accepted from qualitative method techniques was applied; studies related to the origin language, the way of learning the origin language, and the diversification of languages were evaluated; works related to language and statement were applied.


Partitioning of aqueous solutes to mineral surfaces by adsorption is key to water-rock interaction (e.g. Stumm, 1992), and is important to many environmental and geochemical processes (from waste water treatment to global climate control). Most studies of adsorption, whether stoichiometric or spectroscopic, use mineral-powder suspensions to maximize surface area. Such methods are unable to discriminate between crystal faces, limiting our ability to form well-defined structure-reactivity relations for mineral surfaces. Here, we use second harmonic generation (SHG), an in situ, non-linear optical technique with inherent interface sensitivity, to examine 1) the surface charge of amorphous silica, 2) the adsorption of glyphosate, an herbicide molecule, to amorphous silica, and 3) the adsorption of a carboxylic acidfunctionalized rhodamine dye to corundum, all within an analysis area of about 0.25 mm 2. The results show that surface charge, and adsorption of organic (and presumably other) species to mineral surfaces, can be studied using SHG with high spatial


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this manuscript was to illuminate the effect of NADH oxidation pathway on the glycolytic rate and the pyruvate productivity.

METHODS
The noxE gene encoding a water-forming NADH oxidase from Lactococcus lactis, was expressed in a pyruvate producing Torulopsis glabrata CCTCC M202019. A mutant strain T. glabrata-PDnoxE, with specific NADH oxidase activity of 34.8 U/mg protein, was obtained.

RESULTS
During batch fermentation with 100 g/L glucose in the medium, the dry cell weight, the glucose consumption rate and pyruvate production rate were 168%, 44.9% and 12% higher than that of the parent strain, respectively. Only 2.5 g/L residual glucose was detected in the fermentation broth after 36 h culture, then 50 g/L glucose was supplemented to the culture broth and the concentration of pyruvate increased to 67.2 g/L. As the result of NADH oxidase overexpression, the intracellular NADH, NAD+ and ATP concentrations of the mutant and the parent strain were determined, the NADH and ATP content decreased 18.1% and 15.8% respectively, while the NAD+ concentration increased 11.1%.

CONCLUSION
The increasing of intracellular NAD+ concentration can efficiently enhance the rate of glucose consumption and the pyruvate production.


Summary 1. Quantitative measurements have been made by Dowex-50 chromatographic columns of the free amino acid content of the free cells of: rat thymi and testes, rabbit thymi, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells, mouse sarcoma cells, S-37 and S-180, Bagg reticulum cell sarcoma and Walker carcinoma. 2. The results indicate that taurine, ethanolamine phosphate, glycine and glutamic acid are the most abundant of the amino acids determined. 3. Proline, aspartic acid, serine and threonine occur in rather small quantity. 4. Alanine seemed to vary in quantity in the various cells. 5. The results were discussed in terms of the metabolic reactions which lead to the origin and fate of certain of these metabolites.


title of the volume undersells the content. It is not only about convergence, but also about change and how to manage it. The set of case studies provides stimulating reading not only for informational professionals from student to managerial levels, but also for budding leaders, and senior management within UK universities. At nearly £45 it is expensive for students to buy, but is a very good investment for managers.