The "BLUE EYES" technology aims at making procedure machines that have sensory activity and sensory ability like those of people in general. The basic plan behind this technology is to administer the pc the human power. We all have some perceptual abilities. That is we can understand each other's feelings. For example we are able to perceive ones emotion by analyzing his face expression. Adding these perceptual abilities of human to computers would enable computers to figure alongside citizenry as intimate partners Keywords— Bluetooth, speech recognition, DAU, CSI,BCI


This paper presents an inductive topological approach in the calculation of the transfer function of a cascading network control system. The method provides a very versatile and effective way of counting all the graphs that contribute and of translating them into their algebraic contribution. The contributing graphs are very simple and reflect the morphology of the original control system signal flow graph. Application of the method and results are presented for an n-cell RC-network.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the discriminative validity of the Dutch Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) to differentiate functional status between children with and without disabilities.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.

SETTING
A university children's hospital in the Netherlands.

PARTICIPANTS
A clinical sample comprising 197 children with disabilities (infantile encephalopathy, n=40; juvenile idiopathic arthritis, n=20; neurometabolic conditions, n=36; neuromuscular disorders, n=9; skeletal disorders, n=28; spina bifida, n=41; traumatic injury, n=23), and 62 children without disabilities.

INTERVENTIONS
Not applicable.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Functional status was measured by using a Dutch version of the PEDI.

RESULTS
Discriminant analysis established the sensitivity and specificity of the PEDI. Correct predictions of group membership (disabled vs nondisabled) were found in both children without disabilities (93.5% correctly predicted) and children with disabling conditions (91.6% correctly predicted).

CONCLUSION
The discriminative validity of the Dutch PEDI between children with and without disabilities was excellent.


One of the main goals of this paper work is to classify regions of Belarus based on six variables indicating economic development of these regions taken for a period of five years from 2000 to 2004. The research covers 71 regions including 64 administration districts and 7 largest towns located within their borders. The aim of this work is not to classify regions for every of these years in particular but to make a data pool for all five years of observation in order to get a proper understanding of processes and tendencies taking place in these regions due to changes in their economic activities. As nowadays there exist many methods and measures available for conducting a cluster analysis a special procedure is proposed to define a best classification for the given partitions for different methods and metrics. As a result, in the research a new approach is suggested to determine the quality of different classifications. It was also uncovered that a choice of software may cause different classification results and particularly the dissimilarity between R and SPSS is discussed concerning their clusterization features.


Practical significance of serologic markers for hepatitis B virus and interpretation according to clinical stage and liver biopsy pattern in HBs Ag positive patients with or without chronic liver disease. Vidarabine is the treatment of choice actually available for patients with chronic persistent or chronic active hepatitis who demonstrate active replication of the virus. The authors review the technics actually necessary: to diagnose chronic hepatitis, to screen for hepatitis B virus, to demonstrate active replication of the virus. They report that these actually routine technics can be available in any biochemistry or pathology laboratory including those in tropical areas.


This is a review of the academic studies of China's journalism and communication in 2012,including journalism theory,communication theory and journalism communication history.In the foundation theory research,some conventional topics have got new interpretation and some fresh topics have got development.In this year,the field of the journalism and communication is expanding and the awareness of disciplinary introspection is strengthening.


Let G be a finite group and χ∈Irr(G), where Irr(G) denotes the set of all irreducible characters of G. The kernel of χ is defined by ker(χ)={ g∈G ┤| χ(g)=χ(1)}, where χ(1) is the character degree of χ. The irreducible character χ of G is called as monolithic when the factor group G/ker(χ) has only one minimal normal subgroup. In this study, we have proven some results by concentrating on the kernels of nonlinear irreducible characters of G. First, we have provided an alternative proof for the classification of finite groups possessing two nonlinear irreducible characters by using their kernels. Also, we have presented the structure the solvable group G in which every nonlinear monolithic characters has same kernel


S OLAR sails enable a multitude of new mission concepts and unique non-Keplerian orbits that are either currently unattainable or prohibitively expensive. Owing to the constant force supplied by the solar radiation pressure, solar sails can be particularly beneficial inmissions requiring highΔv. The possibilities aremostly limited by the lifetime of the sail. Missions such as a Mercury sample return [1], Solar Polar Orbiter, Kuiper Belt fly-through [2], andmany others have been suggested to take advantage of solar sails' inherent properties. Control of the spacecraft's trajectory is accomplished by controlling the sail's attitude relative to the sun, leading to a variety of methods that have been proposed for solar sail attitude control [3,4]. Proposed solutions include actively changing themass distribution of the sail [5], using control vanes [6], manipulating the sail's optical properties, and using highly efficient pulse plasma thrusters [7].Most proposed solutions approximate the sail geometry as a flat plate and thus ignore significant shape-related effects [8]. A control scheme that works well while using a flat plate model may fail when consideringmoment biases and sail imperfections that are expected in the sail's operational environment. Although the effects of a shaped sail have been presented in literature [8], they have yet to be incorporated in a design of a closed-loop attitude control system. This Note investigates propellantless attitude control of a nonplanar square solar sail with four control vanes, one at each corner of the sail, shown in Fig. 1. A proposed control strategy that incorporates passive stability and trimming the sail moments about the x and y axes has been previously presented [9]. In a sun-pointing configuration, stability about the sail's x axis, as shown in Fig. 1, is achieved by rotating both control vanes 2 and 4 away from the sun by an identical angle. This configuration is passively stable because a positive rotation about the sail's x axis results in vane 4 having a larger projected area toward the sun, whereas vane 2's projected area to the sun is decreased. This combination produces a negative moment about the sail's x axis, which forces the sail back toward the equilibrium sun-pointing orientation. A similar approach is then applied to stabilize rotation about the sail's y axis using control vanes 1 and 3. The vane angles can be adjusted to achieve passive stability in all other orientations. To accurately control the sail's attitude, this technique requires accurate knowledge of the on-orbit moments. This Note extends this approach in several ways and demonstrates its effectiveness in controlling solar sail attitude in the presence of the sail force model uncertainty. Disturbance torques arise primarily from a lack of an accurate prediction of the solar radiation pressure moments and forces, deviation of the flexible solar sail from the rigid-body assumption, unmodeled lifetime changing physical properties, and on-orbit faults. The controller uses an initial guess of the trim angles necessary for each desired attitude relative to the sun and adjusts this guess based on the observed sail behavior. In addition, the controller implements a standard proportionalderivative (PD) controller to approach the trimmed orientation and facilitate convergence and disturbance rejection. The control scheme developed here uses the command time history to estimate the moment bias experienced by the spacecraft and is thus much more capable in achieving robust attitude control in the presence of model uncertainty and error. The performance of the controller is determined using variations in solar radiation pressure moment and forces (scaling and bias errors), sailcraft moments of inertia, unmodeled bend and twist of the control vanes, and a z axis c.m. offset. The demonstration of a propellantless robust closed-loop attitude control system using non-flat-plate sail forces and moments creates a flyable and realizable design that enables wider adoption of solar sails as an alternative means of spacecraft propulsion.


Modern multiple DOF parameter estimation methods compute all modes in the frequency range simultaneously. Quite often, small or weak modes can be overshadowed by strong modes and are difficult to curve-fit. Modes with significantly less magnitude than their neighboring modes are considered small or weak modes. High damping, insufficient excitation or local modes may make certain modes respond less. A procedure that deflates strong modes from the FRF data set is developed to help estimate these weak modes. The modal deflation procedure is implemented into the Complex Mode Indication Function (CMIF) parameter estimation method. Analytic data is used to demonstrate the procedure.


Detection ofschistosome antigen in the tissue sections is not only of diagnostic value but may throw light on comparative susceptibility of men and animals to a given schistosome species. Therefore, immunoperoxidase method, alien to ELISA, was applied using lung and intestine sections of known schistosome positive and negative field goats as well as laboratory control goats of both categories. All the intestine scrapping and hatching positive goats and intestine positive but hatching negative goats were positive by immunoperoxidase method using intestine and all but one using lung sections providing 84-100% sensitivity. However, it yielded only 66.6% specificity in laboratory negative goats which lowered down further when tested in parasitologically negative field goats.


There are two ways to drive traffic to your website, paid or organic. Unless you have a big budget and know what you're doing then paid is a bad option for you. Paid can bring you some quick responses but often they're not very well qualified leads,...


A method for using a two-mirror resonator as a rotation sensor is described. The system is more sensitive than a ring gyro or a Sagnac interferometer enclosing the same effective area. This additional sensitivity over the Sagnac limit is shown to arise only in non-planar closed path systems in which the counter-propagating beams follow slightly different paths. The shear between the two beams is solely due to the rotation.


In this paper, an innovative admission control (AC) policy for CDMA wireless networks, based on minimizing the multiple-access-interference (MAI), is introduced. According to our proposal, an incoming connection is accepted whenever the QoS constraints, for all communications, are respected, that is, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) is kept under control. This parameter mainly depends on traffic load variations. Thus, the MAI arising from a new connection must be considered. This problem can be proactively faced by characterizing MAI and correctly estimating its value. Furthermore, two approaches are presented, named, respectively, static soft AC and dynamic soft AC; the latter involving a dynamic power management. Analytical models describing the first approach are investigated and validated by means of simulations performed on a typical uplink UMTS environment. Moreover, a remarkable gain of the second approach, in terms of dropping probability, is highlighted without, thus rendering our approach a proper candidate for variable network traffic management.


Abstract This paper reports the results of Monte Carlo transport calculations for electrons in strong electric fields in silicon dioxide based on new choices for the deformation potential in acoustic phonon scatter and for the ionization threshold. Impact ionization is described on the basis of cross sections derived from many body dielectric theory coupled to a model insulator. The electron-acoustic and electron-elastic scattering rates are matched at 8 eV in order to provide appropriate limitation on the electron-phonon scattering. The sensitivity of secondary electron production to these parameters is described. Also described is the important role of bulk trapped negative charge in affecting secondary electron production by changing the local field value. The results show that suitable choices for these parameters lead to appropriate levels of impact ionization and vacuum emission spectra.


A conservative two‐grid finite element scheme is presented for the two‐dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. One Newton iteration is applied on the fine grid to linearize the fully discrete problem using the coarse‐grid solution as the initial guess. Moreover, error estimates are conducted for the two‐grid method. It is shown that the coarse space can be extremely coarse, with no loss in the order of accuracy, and still achieve the asymptotically optimal approximation as long as the mesh sizes satisfy H = O ( h 1 2 ) in the two‐grid method. The numerical results show that this method is very effective.


The temperature was 102*6', the pulse 116, the general condition was good. The right thigh was nearly twice the size of the left, the swelling being most marked in front and on the outer side. The skin over it was a little blue, and below the knee there was thought to be some yellow staining, There was increased local heat. The swelling seemed to lie beneath the muscles ; the skin on the outer side was tense, and seemed to be attached to the deeper structures. The swelling was elastic. There was some Edema behind and below, but the popliteal space was free. There was no fluid in the knee-joint. An x-ray photograph showed no change in the bone. It was thought that the case might be one of haemorrhage into the muscles, so operation was delayed ; b u t the continuance of pyrexia, with a high leucocytosis, determined an exploratory operation. On Nov. 10 the swelling was aspirated, and dark, foul-smelling pus was found. Two incisions were made, one just below the great trochanter and another just above the knee on the outer side. The front of the shaft of the femur was found to be bare in the anterior aspect of its middle third. On Nov. 11 the patient had a cough, with an offensive blood-stained frothy expectoration. The physical signs were those of bronchitis and emphysema. The temperature fell to normal after the operation, but gradually rose again; the wound did not drain well, and five weeks later the thigh was again explored. At this operation. on Dec. 22, the sinuses were opened up and continued into one another. It was found that a large piece of the surface of the femur, where it had been found bare a t the previous operation, had necrosed, and the upper part was separated ; the separation was not complete below, and there was new bone formation outside it. I n spite of this operation no improvement in the temperature occurred, and six weeks later it was again explored. On Feb. 8, 1913, the femur was well exposed, and its shaft was found to be covered by a layer of new bone. The medullary canal was opened up and two large central sequestra were removed. The outer layer of the bone had not necrosed beyond the area from which the dead bone had been removed on Dec. 22. After this the patient recovered and the wound healed conipletely. The pus obtained a t the first operation contained streptococcus brevis and coliform and diphtheroid rods.


Abstract Recent technology advances in the field of semi-active steering dampers for motorcycles open the way to the design of innovative control strategies to improve two-wheeled vehicles stability. As such, it is of growing importance to devise simple and effective dynamical models of the bike steer dynamics to be employed for control design purposes. This paper proposes an analytical model of a two-wheeled vehicle tuned to capture the weave and wobble modes, which are the most representative to study steering related instabilities. The model is derived from first principles and its parameters tuned to fit a hypersport motorcycle based on a grey-box identification procedure. The model effectiveness is assessed on data collected both from a full-edged multi-body simulator and an instrumented vehicle.


People living in poverty who spend most of their time worrying about finances are left with less mental capacity to deal with other tasks, a recent study shows.


Gamma ray doses of 0 (control),15,20 and 25 kR were applied to dormant seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Waghya. Mutations affecting flower colour and seed characteristics were detected in M 2 generation. Highest mutation frequency for flower colour and seed characteristics were induced by 20 kR dose.Mutants with different flower colour and altered size, shape and coat colour of seeds were obtained.


Introduction: Temporary Anchorage Devices play an important role to overcome the limitations of conventional anchorage control in fixed orthodontic practice. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the stress distribution in bone at varying lengths and diameters of the micro-implant. Material and Methods: 3-D Finite element models of maxilla, mandible, and micro-implants with varying lengths and diameters were generated. The micro-implants were inserted 90o to the bone surface. A force of 200 g was applied from the micro-implant to the power arm. Stress distribution and its magnitude were then analyzed with a 3-dimensional finite element analysis program. Results: Increased diameter of micro-implant, showed significant negative correlation with the stress generated. The maximum von Mises stress was found for implant of diameter 1.2 mm and least for implant of diameter 1.8 mm. Conclusion: Increasing the diameter of the micro-implant reduces the stress concentration in bone, thereby increasing the likelihood of implant stabilization.


Objective To explore the clinical observation points and nursing care experiences of transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy(THL) with hysteroscopy in women with infertile.Methods The peri-operation nursing experiences of 110 patients underwent THL and hysteroscopy from May,2003 to Mar,2005 were reviewed retrospectively.Results All the procedures were achieved successfully.Complications such as pelvic organ injury,rectum perforation,intra-and postoperative bleeding,and postoperative pelvic inflammation did not appear.Conclusions It is very important for success of the operation to give pertinent nursing care and good cooperation with doctor according to the characters of THL and hysteroscopy.


Humans and machines work closer together as never before. Whether it is about sensors to expand humans' sensorium, exo-skeletons augmenting physical capabilities, augmented and digital worlds breaking with physical boundaries, or curated digital memories: the value of all these technologies rises and falls with their ability to synchronize with the user's current situation, understand the needs and provide appropriate support. In this position paper we want to outline how semantic technologies can be applied to add more context and meaning to the user's role and task, and use Augmented Reality to present this information to the user. Instead of proposing yet another framework representing world knowledge we describe how to build upon existing standards, descriptions of procedures and routines, and regulations that become machine accessible. This way, machines and humans should be able to work in symbiosis. In the following we describe our motivation, list upcoming challenges and provide a first direction of how to proceed.


In order to reinstate a manned presence in space, the U.S. must develop an affordable and sustainable launch capability. Hydrocarbon-fueled rockets have drawn interest from numerous major government and commercial entities because they offer a low-cost heavylift option that would allow for frequent launches. However, the development of effective new hydrocarbon rockets would likely require new technologies in order to overcome certain design constraints. The use of advanced design methods, such as the Technology Impact Forecasting method, enables the designer to identify key areas in need of improvement, allowing one to dial in a proposed technology and assess its impact on the system. Through this analysis, a conceptual design for a hydrocarbon-fueled F-1 derivative engine that meets all imposed requirements was achieved - resulting in an affordable engine, unparalleled in performance, which can satisfy today's needs of a heavy lift launch vehicle.


As a follow-up to my previous studies in astrological representations in the XV-XVI century art of Veneto, I will shed light on the fil rouge connecting different experiences like the planning of astrological frescoes in Montagnana by Galeottus Martius, the collaboration between Giovan Battista Abioso and Giorgione in the painting of the famous Castelfranco Frieze and the visual prognostication of Giulio Campagnola"s Astrologer, namely the artistic representation of highly complex astral theories applied to world history. This com-mitment to mundane astrology mixed with prophetic and apocalyptic doctrines emerges from an analysis of the whole catalogue of astral artworks in the Italian territory: 10 out of 240 of them reveal this unmistakable character and all are concentrated in the northeastern territory. There are many additional evidences that the recurring theme of astrological divination was in fact a widespread enterprise among humanists, philosophers, theologians and artists of the "Venetian Terraferma" at the time. Its discussion, reverberated across several generations and in nearby territories, reveals an informal "web" of study and research that goes well beyond the lecture halls of the local University, including poets, physicians, painters, heretics, goliardic secret societies and would-be revolutionary astronomers like Copernicus. In many features of the cited instances we find the typical rationalistic approach of the Aristotelian-Averroistic Paduan school inextricably linked to mysticism, neo-platonic magic and theology, a tradition going back at least to Pietro d"Abano and Biagio Pelacani. The same tradition, reinforced by a growing penchant for mathematical modelling and careful measuring, that will lead to the materialism of Pomponazzi, Telesius and Vanini and ultimately to the mature science of Galileo. Instead of considering this process a slow but glorious liberation from superstition as too many historians still do, I will try to argue that the interest in astrological divination has been a fertile breeding ground for the Scientific Revolution and in particular for the rebirth of Heliocentrism, a controversial thesis in the vein of Dame Frances Yates, akin to that recently advocated by Robert Westman in his debated "The Copernican Question" (2011).


The paper introduces the working principle of fiber optic transducer in brief.Through the indoor tests,calibrations and field tests of the fiber optic osmometer,an evaluation to the technical performances of the gauge is presented.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that the fiber optic transducer in possession of distinctive merits is more available to the safety monitoring of dyke with complicated environments than the traditional monitoring instruments.


This chapter discusses the appropriate response of emergency physicians to requests to collect evidence, in particular, blood alcohol tests and ingested drugs, from patients for police and other law enforcement officers. The relevant ethical principles, legislation, and case law are reviewed. Recommendations are made regarding when and how it may be ethically appropriate to respond to such requests.


Article 21 of the Rome Statute, in defining the applicable sources of law for the International Criminal Court (ICC), breaks with the practice of the ad hoc tribunals by treating customary international law as only a secondary authority. Nonetheless, customary international law still has an acknowledged role in ICC jurisprudence in filling lacunae in the Rome Statute and aiding in its interpretation. One can also predict other instances in which the application of customary international law will be required. It remains to be seen, however, whether the ICC's use of customary law will lead to that law's further fragmentation or whether that use will instead modify customary law to reflect the ICC Statute.


Using non-equilibrium Green's functions a balance equation is obtained describing the light induced stationary non-equilibrium distribution of electrons over the localized states in a disordered semiconductor. The light is assumed to be monochromatic and in the final results only the terms linear in and independent of the light intensity are retained. Electron–phonon interaction is accounted for by perturbation theory.

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The current climate for film exhibition is uncertain, with pandemics and digital platforms all presenting potential for major changes in the way people watch film. To explore this, we looked at the Beyond Multiplex wave 1 survey data (conducted in four English region outside London, between October 2018 and January 2019) to examine which types of screen people use to watch films. Also, who it is that watches films on each type of screen. Overall, we found that although people watch films across several screens (usually four different types), age features in the number and types of screen the watch more than any other aspect. However, even age has only a limited impact – in general people are diverse in the screens they use across various socio-demographic measures. In short, we argue that audience research could look at new ways of identifying patterns amongst people's engagement with different screens rather than focussing on demographically defined groups.


Observations of the short-term variability in the Ca II K line of the pre-main sequence Herbig Ae star HD 250550 are presented. In February 1986 and in January 1988, quasi-continuous series of Ca II K spectra for this star were obtained. It is found that the Ca II K line of HD 250550 is subject to strong variations with a time scale of a few hours. The line is structured into a narrow component which does not seem to vary, and several broad components (one redshifted emission component, one absorption component centered at rest wavelength and one blueshifted absorption component) which appear as highly variable


Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is being used for measurement of mechanical properties of musculoskeletal tissues due to its potential for diagnosis of injuries or diseases in soft tissues. Often, high transducer frequencies (7-15 MHz) are used for ultrasound imaging of superficial and/or small musculoskeletal tissues; while lower frequencies (2-5 MHz) are employed for deeper tissues [1-6]. In order to use SWE in musculoskeletal tissues, such as tendon and ligaments, it may be necessary to use high frequency probes. However, current reports on acoustic output parameters (such ISPPA, ISPTA and MI) have been limited to lower frequencies [7-10]. Additionally, there is no information on the effect of frequency on the amplitude of the generated shear waves in musculoskeletal tissues.


Advanced communication technologies, especially the Internet and its democratic power to make information accessible, make it possible to stay connected with everyone in the world. Through mediums of dialogue, such as the internet, young Iranians obtain knowledge about the institutionalized liberal democratic values of the West. In time, it will lead to adaptation of these values that could incrementally establish a democratic Iran. This new generation of liberal democrats would perceive the institutionalization of their values as their main objective, raising that priority higher than Iran's nuclear program. Due to this development, the threat of a nuclear Iran would diminish.


An intermolecular parameter estimation procedure is incorporated into a model of a static cell vapor-liquid equilibrium experiment where only the total pressure and temperature are measured, so that compositions are not available experimentally. The coexistence compositions are often obtained from the raw experimental measurements by data reduction, in which a (mostly empirical) thermodynamic description must be assumed to represent the liquid and vapor phases. The molecular interaction parameters inherent in a more advanced equation of state treatment are then estimated from this pretreated data for the coexistence compositions. This can lead to a bias in the development of the mixture model and does not allow a statistical analysis to be applied to the model. To overcome these limitations, an integrated self-consistent approach is developed in this work. The pure component model parameters are used with an equation of state to calculate the amount of substance in the experimental apparatus, and the mixture parameters are obtained from parameter estimation based on a model of the experimental setup and the representation of the vapor-liquid equilibrium. This type of integrated approach, best achieved by close integration of detailed experimental information and the theoretical treatment, is tested on three well-studied and characterized binary mixtures: xenon + diborane; xenon + cyclopropane; and xenon + boron trifluoride. The statistical associating fluid theory for potentials of variable range (SAFT-VR) is the equation of state used in this work; the molecular models inherent in the approach are associating chain molecules formed from square-well segments. Excellent agreement between SAFT-VR calculations of the fluid phase equilibrium and experimental data is obtained for all three mixtures, without a priori knowledge of the compositions of the coexisting phases. In the case of xenon + boron trifluoride, the region of liquid-liquid immiscibility and the vapor-liquid-liquid three-phase line are accurately predicted. The effect of experimental error is incorporated into the parameter estimation procedure so that the confidence in the optimal parameters can be evaluated providing guidance in choosing which parameters to estimate with confidence. For comparison, SAFT-VR models are also developed using the reduced data for the coexistence compositions. The description of the fluid phase equilibrium and the values of the intermolecular parameters are found to be similar to those obtained from the integrated approach. The integrated approach presented is general and can be modified to specific static cell apparatus or applied to other types of mixtures or with other equations of state. © 2009 American Chemical Society.


Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a critical role in the operation of robot vacuum cleaners, enabling them to intelligently navigate to clean and avoid indoor obstacles. Due to limited computational resources, manufacturers must balance performance and cost. This necessitates the development of lightweight AI models that can achieve high performance. Traditional uniform weight quantization assigns the same number of levels to all weights, regardless of their distribution or importance. Consequently, this lack of adaptability may lead to sub-optimal quantization results, as the quantization levels do not align with the statistical properties of the weights. To address this challenge, in this work, we propose a new technique called low bitwidth strong non-uniform quantization, which largely reduces the memory footprint of AI models while maintaining high accuracy. Our proposed non-uniform quantization method, as opposed to traditional uniform quantization, aims to align with the actual weight distribution of well-trained neural network models. The proposed quantization scheme builds upon the observation of weight distribution characteristics in AI models and aims to leverage this knowledge to enhance the efficiency of neural network implementations. Additionally, we adjust the input image size to reduce the computational and memory demands of AI models. The goal is to identify an appropriate image size and its corresponding AI models that can be used in resource-constrained robot vacuum cleaners while still achieving acceptable accuracy on the object classification task. Experimental results indicate that when compared to the state-of-the-art AI models in the literature, the proposed AI model achieves a 2-fold decrease in memory usage from 15.51 MB down to 7.68 MB while maintaining the same accuracy of around 93%. In addition, the proposed non-uniform quantization model reduces memory usage by 20 times (from 15.51 MB down to 0.78 MB) with a slight accuracy drop of 3.11% (the classification accuracy is still above 90%). Thus, our proposed high-performance and lightweight AI model strikes an excellent balance between model complexity, classification accuracy, and computational resources for robot vacuum cleaners.


As users store and share more digital content at home, effective access control becomes increasingly important. One promising mechanism for helping non-expert users create accurate access policies is reactive policy creation, in which users can update their policy dynamically in response to access requests that cannot otherwise succeed. An earlier study suggested that reactive policy creation may be a good fit for file access control at home. To test this theory, we designed and piloted an experience sampling study in which participants used a simulated reactive access control system for a week. Preliminary results suggest a neutral to positive response to using this kind of system and indicate that reactive policy creation may help meet users' need for dynamic, contextual policy decisions.


Abstract Objectives There are some studies reporting the association between (manganese [Mn]) exposure to welding fume and neurological dysfunction. This study examined the relationship between Mn exposure and neurological behavior in Japanese male welders and non‐welders using biological samples, which to date has not been assessed in Japan. Methods A total of 94 male welders and 95 male non‐welders who worked in the same factories were recruited. The blood and urine samples were obtained from all the participants to measure Mn exposure levels. Neurological function tests were also conducted with all participants. The sampling of the breathing air zone using a personal sampler was measured for welders only. Results The odds ratios (ORs) for the Working Memory Index (WMI) scores were significantly higher among all participants in the low blood Mn concentration group than those in the high blood Mn concentration group (OR, 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24, 6.19; P = .013). The association of WMI scores and blood Mn levels in welders had the highest OR (OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.04, 13.38; P = .043). Although not statistically significant, a mild relationship between WMI scores and blood Mn levels was observed in non‐welders (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 0.63, 6.94; P = .227). Conclusions The results revealed a significant positive relationship between blood Mn and neurological dysfunction in welders. Furthermore, non‐welders at the same factories may be secondarily exposed to welding fumes. Further research is needed to clarify this possibility.


During the past years,deep convolutional neural networks have achieved impressive success in low-light Image Enhancement.Existing deep learning methods mostly enhance the ability of feature extraction by stacking network structures and deepening the depth of the network.which causes more runtime cost on single image.In order to reduce inference time while fully extracting local features and global features.Inspired by SGN,we propose a Attention based Broadly self-guided network (ABSGN) for real world low-light image Enhancement.such a broadly strategy is able to handle the noise at different exposures.The proposed network is validated by many mainstream benchmark.Additional experimental results show that the proposed network outperforms most of state-of-the-art low-light image Enhancement solutions.


Quantitative acoustic microscopy (QAM) is a well-accepted modality for forming 2D parameter maps making use of mechanical properties of soft tissues at microscopic scales. In leading edge QAM studies, the sample is raster-scanned (spatial step size of 2µm) using a 250 MHz transducer resulting in a 3D RF data cube, and each RF signal for each spatial location is processed to obtain acoustic parameters, e.g., speed of sound or acoustic impedance. The scanning time directly depends on the sample size and can range from few minutes to tens of minutes. In order to maintain constant experimental conditions for the sensitive thin sectioned samples, the scanning time is an important practical issue. To deal with the current challenge, we propose the novel approach inspired by compressed sensing (CS) and finite rate of innovation (FRI). The success of CS relies on the sparsity of data under consideration, incoherent measurement and optimization technique. On the other hand, the idea behind FRI is supported by a signal model fully characterized as a limited number of parameters. From this perspective, taking into account the physics leading to data acquisition of QAM system, the QAM data can be regarded as an adequate application amenable to the state of the art technologies aforementioned. However, when it comes to the mechanical structure of QAM system which does not support canonical CS measurement manners on the one hand, and the compositions of the RF signal model unsuitable to existing FRI schemes on the other hand, the advanced frameworks are still not perfect methods to resolve the problems that we are facing. In this thesis, to overcome the limitations, a novel sensing framework for CS is presented in spatial domain: a recently proposed approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm is adapted to account for the underlying data statistics of samples sparsely collected by proposed scanning patterns. In time domain, as an approach for achieving an accurate recovery from a small set of samples of QAM RF signals, we employ sum of sincs (SoS) sampling kernel and autoregressive (AR) model estimator. The spiral scanning manner, introduced as an applicable sensing technique to QAM system, contributed to the significant reduction of the number of spatial samples when reconstructing speed of sound images of a human lymph node.[...]


According to the logic value of an adjacent signal,the coupling dynamic dissipation of the adjacent signal is computed.The method is used in calculating the dynamic dissipation of the N bit bus during M,so the average dissipation factor pM is obtained to reflect the average power of the N bit bus.With the datafile of the program address bus,the best routing of the bus is searched for by computing the lowest pM.As a result,the dynamic dissipation of the bus is reduced by 38.2%.


The current phase of sustainable tourism in development terms is characterized by a growing number of innovative models and approaches. In "a first time ever" perspective, a simple and innovative tourism concept stems from the refurbishing of small Italian villages. The case study presented delineates an organized and sustainable way of saving such places through tourism. The so-called "extended hotel" does not comprise a single building or compound, but several converted historic buildings in a small community. The principle is that the accommodation, decorated in a consistent and local style, is scattered throughout various buildings in the village but overseen by one manager. The project acts as a driver of development because managers are encouraged to source all the products used in the hotel from local producers. Like a holiday apartment, an "extended" hotel enables travelers to be part of village life with the added bonus of all the basic services of a traditional hotel. The case study is of interest for two reasons: on the one hand, the model analyzed lends itself to the clashes and current debate on tradition and modernity; on the other, its practical dimension clearly suggests that the formula could quite easily be replicated in other countries.


Background: The case of smoking today becomes a big problem which can cause death in Indonesia. Law /No. 44/2009 on Hospital require hospital management impose a regulation that all areas of a hospital have to be KTR (No Smoking Area). Kabanjahe Regional General Hospital has implemented the policy of KTR according to the SK (Directive) of the Hospital which has not been implemented completely so far. The objective of this research was to analyze the implementation of SK Director RSU Kabanjahe No. 1255/RSU/2016 About KTR at RSU Kabanjahe in 201 7. Metode: This research used qualitative method with interview technique, participant observation, documentation and triangulation with sample consisting of 4 employees and 2 patients of Kabanjahe Hospital and using note book instrument, tape recorder, camera and researcher as instrument. The belief in the results of the research is done by testing the credibility, depenability, process and research results. The research was conducted in RSUD Kabanjahe. Result: The result of the research showed that the implementation of KTR at RSU Kabanjahe did not run well although it had been implemented for eight years. It was caused by some inhibiting factors such as some of its managers and the personnel still smoked, there was no Regional Regulation which regulated it, there was the  lack of commitment of the Director in imposing sanction and in establishing a supervisory committee for KTR. Conclusion: The implementation of KTR at Kabanjahe Hospital was not in accordance with the Directive of the Director of the hospital or failed. It is recommended that the hospital management increase disposition , and bureaucratic structure in supporting the policy on KTR . Keywords: non smoking area, implementation, hospital DOI: https://doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2018.9.1.64-73


The present study describes the synthesis of the adsorptivity based amine-rich ionic liquid (ARIL), namely, 3,5-diamino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium tetrafluoroborate grafted graphene (HEG/ARIL), and its application in carbon dioxide adsorption. This ionic liquid occurs in the solid form at standard atmospheric temperature and pressure, and forms solid-like short range ordering on a graphitic substrate. Molecular vibrational spectroscopy suggests that the ARIL molecules are physically adsorbed on the graphene surface with no detectable chemical interactions. The CO2 adsorption on ARIL is not significantly accompanied by chemical interaction with the amine groups under sub-ambient conditions. The adsorption capacity of ARIL attained a significant improvement when it was grafted onto graphene. The favourability and energy of adsorption suggest that the cumulative interaction of CO2 with ARIL moieties is weaker than that with residual oxygen-containing functional groups in graphene. The adsorbate retention of graphene is largely increased upon grafting ARIL. The isosteric heat and entropy of CO2 adsorption on the HEG/ARIL is lower than that found on pristine HEG. Conclusively, ARIL functionalization improved the CO2 adsorption capacity and decreased the interaction energy between CO2 and graphene, because it enhances the density of the low affinity adsorption sites.


The difficulties of access to the labor market remains in the post-crisis period, particularly for younger people and for those countries more affected by the crisis. The economic conditions with the precariousness of the labor market and higher unemployment taxes for youth, draws a scenario where the risk of poverty and social exclusion could influence young people and discourage them from social and economic participation, and thus the number of young people not in employment, education, or training (NEETs) will increase. The sustainable development in general and the social sustainability in particular needs to solve this important issue to get a balanced and fair social and economic scenario. In this work, the influence of socio economic variables related to the level of prosperity of the country and social protection as well as the risk of poverty and social exclusion on young NEETs is evaluated based on the EUROSTAT data for the year, 2016, for young people. The method was a structural equations model and the results confirm that the key important factors for explaining the situation of the NEETs' are more related to poverty and exclusion than to the economic environment. The main conclusion from these results is the importance of implementing some inclusive actions to prevent an increase in the number of young NEETs, and boosting, in this way, a more balanced and sustainable society.


A comparison of the ideas of Gramsci and Foucault may reveal the challenge of postmodernism to traditional ideas.In politics,Gramsci held a strong belief in the power of unity and considered party a modern monarch.He advocated organized political action,and was in favor of establishing positive revolutionary strategies.Foucault,on the other hand,was indulged in various deviance and sexual experience.He resisted party politics and considered all the political actions organized in the name of revolution to have a Fascism tendency,and then refused to grant these actions moral and ethical justification.In philosophy,Gramsci insisted on autonomous ideology of subjectivism,while Foucault fiercely criticized nationalism and humanitarian.However,that Foucault strongly criticized the defect and limitations of the traditional theory does not indicate that he had transcended the provisions of philosophy since the time of Kant in enlightenment ideas of human freedom.The point is not if he had given up the ideals of enlightenment.What really matters is if the concepts of rationalism and subject are changed so as to guide more positive political and historical practice.


Numerous harmful algal blooms (HAB) and fish kill events linked to extensive milkfish mariculture have occurred in Bolinao, Pangasinan and adjacent municipal waters. This began with the first major fish kill event caused by the Prorocentrum minimum bloom in 2002.  Since then, environmental conditions during HAB events were monitored including nutrients and phytoplankton density and composition. Phytoplankton and water quality data from 2002 to 2013 was investigated. In 2013, there was a succession of bloom events of the dinoflagellates Karenia mikimotoi, Scripsiella spp. and Prorocentrum minimum . As of 2015, a total of 27 bloom occurrences have been documented from recurring nine HAB species in Bolinao. High total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) generally characterized HAB episodes in Bolinao with values above the ASEAN water quality criterion of 4.4 uM. The high values for TIN may reflect the amount of fish feeds introduced to the system which is a function of the number of fish pens and cages present in the waters of Bolinao-Anda.  The N/P ratios were also generally lower than 10, suggesting N limitation despite high absolute values of TIN.  The number of fish structures in Bolinao from 2002 to 2014, has decreased from 1,100 in 2002 to less than 544 units in the succeeding years. Despite the decrease in fish structures, however, the number of HAB events and species involved has increased through the years. This may suggest a coastal system that may have already reached a 'tipping point'.


In Islamic history, logic has been controversial. Some scholars forbid it, but others make it obligatory. This paper wants to describe how the logic built by the Quran is based on the contents of the book  al-Qistas al-Mustaqi. This study is prominent in order to get a wider notion of logic in Islamic thought because by far the science of mantiq  by many thinkers simply regarded as a copy of Greek logic. Moreover, to strengthen the relationship between philosophy and religion as well as to expand the fact that the Quran is rational. The main question to be answered is what is the logical form of the Quran in arguing in the book  al-Qistas al-Mustaqim.  In conclusion, it was found that the Quran already has principles in thinking. The Qur'an is not only a source of knowledge but also a parameter of knowledge. There are three parameters to weigh the Qur'an, namely  ta'adul  (equilibrium),  talazum  (equivalence), and  ta'anud  (contradiction). Anyone who intends to be safe in thinking should follow the way of thinking taught by the Qur'an. Those guidances are written by al-Ghazali in the book of  al-Qistas al-Mustaqim  as well as a refutation of the way argue from Ta'limiyah group.


My remarks about this paper are organised within four points. The …rst of these notes the close connection between the authors' random coe¢ cient model and some earlier models that were not formulated in terms of "random coe¢ cients". The second comments on the model's identi…cation. The third point queries the transition from the authors'basic model (1) to their quantile version (2). Finally we request a clari…cation of the su¢ cient conditions for the theorems justifying quantile-based inference.


To know the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in low birth weight and preterm neonates and study the association between presence of risk factors with incidence of retinopathy of prematurity.It was a hospital based cross-sectional study carried out in 500 newborns having gestational age ≤ 36 weeks or birth weight ≤2.5kg presenting in OPD at G.T. Sheth Eye Hospital, P. D.U. Government Medical College, Rajkot. During 2021-2022 where 500 neonates (≤36 weeks gestational age and ≤2.5kg gm birth weight) were screened as per ICROP guidelines during the procedure after approval of neonatologist/Paediatrician. Informed verbal consent was taken from Patient's parents or Guardian. And History was taken along with risk factors according to proforma. Anterior segment and dilated detailed fundus examination was done with indirect ophthalmoscopy and 20D lens with all aseptic precautions. Data was recorded and analysis of the data was done using student t- test and chi square test to find p value of the data to the significance of the study results.The incidence of ROP in any stage was 8% in our study which is less than other studies conducted in India. Mean Gestational age among ROP positive neonates was 31.76 weeks (range 27 to 33 weeks). Incidence of APROP in our study was 25% among ROP of any stages. Mean gestational age and birth weight for APROP in our study was 30.4 weeks and 1.77kg respectively. Low birth weight and prematurity were the most important risk factors for developing any ROP. Other significantly associated risk factors in our study were respiratory distress syndrome and age at which oxygen therapy givenIncidence of ROP in our study is less than other studies which is due to less awareness among parents for retinopathy of prematurity and its risk factors. Most of the patients who developed ROP were exposed to oxygen at very early post conceptional age. This shows that rather than oxygen therapy alone age at which oxygen is given is more important.


The end-face surface quality has great influence on the optical waveguide device's coupling performance,so the end-face polishing must be conducted before coupling.However,the end-face polishing of the polymer optical waveguide mainly relies on the traditional disk polishing,whose complex process and low polishing efficiency have become the bottleneck that restricts the wide application of polymer optical waveguide.A unique method for polishing end-faces of polymer optical waveguides via magnetorheological finishing(MRF) technique was put forward to achieve high optical quality surfaces based on the excellent machining properties of polymer.Experiments of polishing 3 mm×3 mm polymer optical waveguide end-face were conducted on specially designed end-polishing equipment based on traditional disk polishing fluid and MRF technique polishing fluid with CeO2 polishing abrasives with the diameters of 5 μm,0.5 μm and 1 μm,separately.Experimental results show that a 2-minute MRF with raster scan tool path for one time on the end-face has better polishing effect compared with traditional method of 3-hour rough and finishing polishing process.Using white-light interferometer we can observe that the root-mean-square(RMS) of surface roughness of the end-face of polymer optical waveguide is 2.6 nm polished by MRF while 128.7 nm by traditional polishing method.Optical coupling tests results show that the insert loss of the polymer optical waveguide has reduced from 32.7 dB to 17.8 dB after polished by MRF technique.With fast polishing speed and high quality polished end surfaces,MRF technique will become a promising method for the end-face polishing of polymer optical waveguides.


Remarkable structural changes take place during the metal to insulator first-order transition in ${\text{Pr}}_{0.50}{\text{Ca}}_{0.50}{\text{CoO}}_{3}$: a contraction of the unit-cell volume, the bending of the Co-O-Co bond angle, and a decrease in (Pr,Ca)-O bond distance. However, the Co-O bond length and the volume of the ${\text{CoO}}_{6}$ octahedra remain almost unaltered during the transition. In view of these data and the absence of transition in ${({\text{Nd}}_{2/3}{\text{La}}_{1/3})}_{0.5}{\text{Ca}}_{0.5}{\text{CoO}}_{3}$, we review the current spin-state transition picture, emphasizing that an active role is played by the $A$-site Pr cations that could be related with the effect of Pr in 123 superconducting cuprates.


In this work, a systematic study aiming to compare the combustion profiles of butanol and ethanol was performed. Mechanisms for ethanol and butanol combustion processes have been analyzed at high and low temperature conditions. Ignition delay times decrease from 1.5 to 0.04 ms, for both ethanol and butanol, in the temperature range from 1200 to 1500 K. The behavior of these fuels in an internal engine machine has been assessed in two processes of the Otto cycle: the adiabatic compression and the isochoric combustion. Moreover, implications to the atmospheric chemistry and pollutants generation are also discussed. This work suggests that both fuels have similar characteristics of combustion, and the substitution of ethanol by butanol can be feasible, with slight modifications related to ignition. Introduction Attempts to avoid the dependence on fossil fuels and the search for sustainable and renewable energy sources are issues of great importance, worldwide [1]. Ethanol is, up to date, the most used biofuel, despite some disadvantages as high hygroscopicity, corrosivity and vapor pressure [2]. An alternative fuel is butanol, which can be produced from the biomass through a fermentative process [3]. The energetic content of butanol is significant higher than that of ethanol, approaching the value found for gasoline [4]. Since butanol has an increased molecular chain with respect to ethanol, the stoichiometric combustion requires more oxygen and, consequently, a higher air/fuel ratio. Butanol vapor pressure is lower than ethanol vapor pressure, and the evaporative loss of the former is significantly decreased [5]. The vaporization enthalpy is approximately equal to that of gasoline and lower than that of ethanol, allowing the efficient ignition in internal combustion engines, even in cold days or scenarios [5]. The octane number is close to the gasoline octane number, and lower than the corresponding value of ethanol[5]. Moreover, butanol is less corrosive and hygroscopic than ethanol [5,6]. Despite the advantages of butanol over ethanol, a systematic and comparative study of the combustion profiles is needed. Moreover, and prior to its implementation in light vehicles, the investigation of the atmospheric implications of the adoption of butanol as a light vehicle fuel, is recommended [7,8]. The main goal of this work is the investigation of the combustion kinetics of ethanol and butanol and the assessment of the possible adoption of butanol as an alternative fuel. Risk analysis of the atmospheric implications and pollution impact is foreseen. In order to reach these goals, modified chemical models for combustion of ethanol and butanol have been adopted and the concentration profiles of the most important species in these mechanisms are analyzed.  Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Proceedings of the European Combustion Meeting 2015 Computational Methods The kinetic models proposed by Marinov [9] and Dunphy [10] and Mounaim-Rousselle [11], for ethanol and butanol combustion, respectively, slightly modified to account for the NOx formation, have been used to simulate the combustion profiles of these biofuels, assessed at both high and low initial temperatures. The simulations at high temperatures were performed at constant volume. The simulation at low temperatures was performed in order to analyze the behavior of these fuels in two processes of the Otto cycle, the adiabatic compression and isochoric combustion. This is a first approach to evaluate, from a theoretical method, the operation of an internal combustion engine. The Kintecus® software [12] has been adopted, using the numerical method DVODE to integrate the coupled ordinary differential equations. Results and Discussion The simulations at high temperatures were performed with initial pressure of 1 atm, constant volume, initial temperature varying from 1000 K to 1500 K and equivalence ratio equal to 1 (i.e. stoichiometric mixture ), where the oxygen comes from a mixture of 21% of O2 and 79% of N2. At these conditions the combustion ignition is spontaneously observed, without the need of a physical or chemical induction. In order to quantify the ignition delay time, this instant was assumed as the maximum point in the curve representing the first derivate of the system temperature in relation to the time, as shown in Figure 1. This derivate was numerically evaluated from the central finite difference method. This procedure for the determination of the ignition delay time has been applied after the simulation of the combustion of butanol and ethanol at high temperatures, aiming to compare the results of both of them. Figure 1: Determination of the ignition delay time, . A can be seen from Table 1, the models suggest indistinguishable profiles of the ignition delay time for temperatures above 1200K, the ignition delay time for butanol being slightly greater than that for ethanol at lower temperatures. For temperature values below 1000 K, an ignition time smaller than 10 s was not observed, suggesting that, at this temperature range, the combustion reaction should be induced. Table 1: Ignition delay times (in ms) for butanol and ethanol combustion at high temperature values. T (K) Ignition time (ms)


This document is the paper-format version of the keynote address delivered by its author on August 2, 2009, to the opening session of the Latin American section (AMILAT) of the 15th World Congress of Jewish Studies, at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. It attempts to understand the long-term shift towards the worse of Israeli- Latin American relations, which started with an almost unqualified support for the establishment of the State of Israel on the side of both Latin American right-wing governments and left-wing parties and popular organizations, but have been deteriorating ever since. It suggests that this involution can be largely explained in terms of at least four intervening variables: Israel's vulnerability, its special relationship with the United States after 1967, Latin American social structure, and the class identity of the leadership of the Latin American Jewry. It argues that overlooking the peripheral character of Israel in the interstate system has led to distortions in the understanding of Israeli-Latin American relations.


A servo type thermosistor is provided with a cavity provided with two communicated ports, wherein a valve sealing the port through a spring in a tensional manner is arranged at the port of the cavity; a push-and-pull electromagnet is arranged on the cavity; a magnet push rod of the push-and-pull electromagnet is connected with the valve; the push-and-pull electromagnet includes a coil, the magnet push rod and a plug; the coil is arranged in a round hole formed in the cavity; one end of the magnet push rod is inserted in a coil inner hole; the other end of the magnet push rod extends to the inside of the cavity, and is riveted with the valve; a seal ring is arranged at the joint of the circumference of the magnet push rod and the cavity; the plug is fixed on the cavity and pressed on the coil; and a conducting wire end of the coil is electrically connected with the plug. The servo type thermosistor does not adopt a paraffin structure any more, thereby solving the problems of the present product such as paraffin leakage, leading wire broken current failure, over big size of the thermosistor, low sensitivity, big water resistance and poor cooling effect, is high in sensitivity, facilitates adjusting the start-to-control temperature, is strong in controllability, and has simple integral structure and strong reliability.


There has been increased interest in violence because of several recent tragic murders committed by adolescent boys. Most researchers speculate that there are multiple risk factors associated with people who become violent and kill other people. This article presents a model for understanding how the risk factors may interact to favor the development of violent human behavior. The model proposes a set of conditions for the four levels of human behavior—intrapsychic, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup—that are necessary, but not sufficient in and of themselves, to determine the expression of violent behavior. Certain final events that complement the favorable factors and trigger or precipitate violence are proposed. Recommendations for systemic interventions at all four levels are also provided.


The performance evaluation of many complex manufacturing, communication and computer systems has been made possible by modeling them as queueing systems. Many approximations used in queueing theory have been drawn from the behavior of queues in light and heavy tra c conditions. In this paper, we propose a new approximation technique, which combines the light and heavy tra c characteristics. This interpolation approximation is based on the theory of multipoint Pad e approximation which is applied at two points: light and heavy tra c. We show how this can be applied for estimating the waiting time moments of the GI/G/1 queue. The light tra c derivatives of any order can be evaluated using the MacLaurin series analysis procedure. The heavy tra c limits of the GI/G/1 queue are well known in the literature. Our technique generalizes the previously developed interpolation approximations and can be used to approximate any order of the waiting time moments. Through numerical examples, we show that the moments of the steady state waiting time can be estimated with extremely high accuracy under all ranges of tra c intensities using low orders of the approximant. We also present a framework for the development of simple analytical approximation formulas.


Correction principle of trajectory correction projectile was analyzed.A trajectory correction scheme of small caliber projectile was brought forward.Combined with radar technique,trajectory correction technology and automatic control theory,trajectory correction technology of projectile was studied by numerical value simulation method.The model of the trajectory correction projectile was set up,and trajectory correction scheme was simulated.The result of simulation indicates that trajectory correction projectile can fly stable,and the projectile hit precision is improved in the large extent.The study offers reference for the design of trajectory correction projectiles.


Objective  The effects of long‐term TSH‐suppressive levothyroxine (LT4) therapy on thyroid hormone metabolism in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in thyroid hormone metabolism after long‐term TSH‐suppressive LT4 therapy in patients with DTC.


IT IS NOT feasible to use tungstate alone as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial cooling water systems due to its low oxidizing ability and high cost In this paper the co-inhibition characteristics of sodium tungstate arediscussed in detail. Potassium permanganate was selected as co-inhibiton for this, and an inhibitor combination of 400ppm sodium tungstate and 200 potassium prmanganate was found optimum. Based on detailed studies carried out under different static and dynamic experimental conditions, different parameters including the effect of oxygen on the inhibition process, passive film strength, effect of inhibitor depletion, deaeration, etc., were investigated. The mechanism of passivation was proposed based on spectral evidence.


Persistent luminescence materials can store energy from solar radiation or artificial lighting and release it over a period of several hours without a continuous excitation source. These materials are widely used to improve human safety in emergency and traffic signalization. They can also be utilized in novel applications including solar cells, medical diagnostics, radiation detectors and structural damage sensors. The development of these materials is currently based on methods based on trial and error. The tailoring of new materials is also hindered by the lack of knowledge on the role of their intrinsic and extrinsic lattice defects in the appropriate mechanisms. The goal of this work was to clarify the persistent luminescence mechanisms by combining ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations with selected experimental methods. The DFT approach enables a full control of both the nature of the defects and their locations in the host lattice. The materials studied in the present work, the distrontium magnesium disilicate (Sr2MgSi2O7) and strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4) are among the most efficient persistent luminescence hosts when doped with divalent europium Eu and co-doped with trivalent rare earth ions R (R: Y, La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Lu). The polycrystalline materials were prepared with the solid state method and their structural and phase purity was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction. Their local crystal structure was studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The crystal and electronic structure of the nondoped as well as Eu, R and other defect containing materials were studied using DFT calculations. The experimental trap depths were obtained using thermoluminescence (TL) spectroscopy. The emission and excitation of Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu,Dy were also studied. Significant modifications in the local crystal structure due to the Eu ion and lattice defects were found by the experimental and DFT methods. The charge compensation effects induced by the R co-doping further increased the number of defects and distortions in the host lattice. As for the electronic structure of Sr2MgSi2O7 and SrAl2O4, the experimental band gap energy of the host materials was well reproduced by the calculations. The DFT calculated Eu and R 4f as well as 4f5d ground states in the Sr2MgSi2O7 band structure provide an independent verification for an empirical model which is constructed using rather sparse experimental data for the R and especially the R ions. The intrinsic and defect induced electron traps were found to act together as energy storage sites contributing to the materials' efficient persistent luminescence. The calculated trap energy range agreed with the trap structure of Sr2MgSi2O7 obtained using TL measurements. More experimental studies should be carried out for SrAl2O4 to compare with the DFT calculations. The calculated and experimental results show that the electron traps created by both the rare earth ions and vacancies are modified due to the defect aggregation and charge compensation effects. The relationships between this modification and the energy storage properties of the solid state materials are discussed.


High peak power, single-frequency pulsed fiber MOPA sources with extremely narrow line and nanosecond pulses are in highly demand to date. Such sources are required for various applications, including coherent LIDARs systems, remote sensing, and frequency conversion [1]. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) arising is a main obstacle to further peak power and pulse energy scaling [2].


Recently cremation gravestones have been discovered in Baoshan,dated from Dali Kingdom down to Yuan Dynasty.Inscriptions on the slates show that Azhali used to enjoy a prosperous past,which affected the Baoshan history and customs.These gravestones and the inscriptions on them are valuable in the study of ancient history and religions.


To understand what is and is not wrong with plea bargaining, one must understand the relationship of bargains to trials. Unsurprisingly, we disagree with much of what Judge Frank Easterbrook and Professor Stephen Schulhofer say about that relationship.1 Most of those disagreements need not be rehearsed here; readers attentive enough to wade through their essays and ours will pick up the key points readily enough. But there is one point where the dispute is at once sharp and hidden. It has to do with the fact that both trials and bargains are flawed. That fact might seem obvious, but the literature on this subject persistently manages to ignore it. And while there are many good insights in Easterbrook's and Schulhofer's comments, we think they both fall prey to the tendency to imagine perfection in one part of the system or the other. That tendency inevitably leads to one of two conclusions-plea bargaining is just fine the way it is, or it ought to be junked. These are, of course, the conclusions that Easterbrook and Schulhofer reach; indeed, they are the conclusions that nearly all scholarship on plea bargaining reaches. Notwithstanding their popularity, we think both polar positions are wrong. Consider first the bargaining process. Easterbrook argues that bargains are better than trials-that plea bargaining efficiently allocates punishment even if (as he believes) the trial process is riddled with deception and governed by uninformed and sloppy decisionmaking.2 If Easterbrook is right, we should dispense with trials, and let prosecutors decide whom to send to jail and for how long. But bargains are not better than trials, for a reason common to all contracts: no system of consensual allocation is better than the dispute resolution process (legal and extralegal) that backs it up. If courts deciding contract disputes persistently (but randomly) got the parties' intentions wrong, the parties could not simply be trusted to solve the problem on their own, for they must contract in the shadow of the enforcement regime. So too here: prosecutors and


Abstract. A patient operated for malignant melanoma developed night blindness and a sensation of shimmering light, strong enough to make him unable to work. Shortly afterwards, melanoma metastases became apparent. A full‐field ERG examination showed absence of rod responses but normal cone amplitudes, suggesting a malfunctioning rod system in the retina. The patient was not on chemotherapy. A few similar cases have previously been reported. The disease appears to differ from the cancer‐associated retinopathy (CAR) syndrome, which affects mainly the photoreceptor cells.—


This paper presents results from a study of elevation-angle-dependent systematic effects on estimates of relative site positions within the Swedish permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) network. Two months of data from 16 sites have been analyzed with three different elevation cutoff angles, namely, 10°, 15°, and 20°. We present offsets between these solutions and demonstrate that estimates of the vertical component of several baselines strongly depend on the minimum elevation angle (elevation cutoff angle) of the data analyzed. Offsets of 22.3 ± 1.6 mm in the vertical component are evident when the elevation cutoff angle is changed from 10° to 20°. We investigate these offsets and conclude that a significant part is due to differential phase errors caused by scattering from structures associated with the mounting of the antenna to the pillar and with the pillar itself. The horizontal components of baseline are less affected. We found, however, that the offsets in the horizontal components increase with baseline length. For the longest baselines (∼1500 km) offsets of more than 5 mm are evident in the north component when the elevation cutoff angle is changed from 10° to 20°. These offsets are most likely due to differential phase errors caused by nonuniform antenna phase patterns ; an effect that presumably increases with baseline length and which also might increase because of scattering from the pillars and the antenna mounts. We identify the scattering structure and reduce associated errors in the vertical component of baseline to a significant degree on one of the sites by using microwave-absorbing material. The results presented are of importance for those analyzing data from existing networks and for those who intend to establish permanent GPS geodetic networks.


Culture as an important part of social sustainability, can influence on the energy saving as well. Fist because definition of good life and benchmark of comfort vary significantly in different culture. Second, as in the society like Mosuo, the understanding of home is different to majority of rest nations. The significance of architecture is much associated with cultural satisfaction instead of high standard of physical comfort. To make things better, in such built environment as Mosuo, culture is the main focus, and social relationship is always tightly bonded in a harmonious state. Another finding from this study is that Mosuos social system demonstrates an interesting ability at keeping a steady level of its population for a long time in China; where population explosion is a crucial problem. It is the typical pattern of Mosuo house that enables the distinct lifestyle of Mosuo people to be dynamic and perpetual. Considering from material choosing, house building and daily occupation, these indigenous homes present a low carbon, ecological dwelling with substantial cultural significance. Nowadays, technology is nearly regarded as the universal judgment standard. However, social sustainability has been paid attention by researchers in developed countries and its cross-discipline study with built environment is also a heated topic. This study showed a new angle that culture could contribute to the conception of sustainable life style and the consequent paradigm on a new form of green buildings.


A predictable decline in rice yields is realized when dry rice fields are farmed after shorter than optilllUlll fallow periods in specified contexts. Where fields are only sporadically and not consistently farmed in fallow periods that are less than optimum, no predictable decline in yields will occur. 1) Rice farming in the hills and mountains of Southeast Asia tends to be a subsistence effort, although many of these folk may be thought of as marginal peasants.2) There are even some true peasants among the hill farmers. Swidden, or slash and burn, is the most widely used cultivation method in these upland areas. Despite the importance of swidden, or dry rice farming for the region, there is little concrete information about the relationships among the various components: population density, fallow * Department of Sociology-Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, U.S.A. I) The research was funded by a Rockefeller Foundation Population Policy Research Grant and sponsored by the Sarawak Museum, Kuching and Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. 2) Marginal peasants may produce for a market, but can survive without such earned income. Full-time peasants depend on their market income for survival. 756 period, weather, productivity and other factors. Management decisions by farmers and development schemes by governments are equally affected by these components, albeit often in differ-


All aspects of this disclosure and embodiment are provided for being used to analyze the particle and/or intracellular organelle orientation agent that the particle analyzer of particle contained in sample uses.Exemplary particle and/or intracellular organelle orientation agent include aqueous solution, viscosity modifier and/or buffer.


Improving the short-circuit current density (Jsc) is a big challenge for gaining highly efficient nonfullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cells (NFASM-OSCs).


In order to simplify the inpatients' discharge processes, improve the patients' feeling of seeing the doctor and industriously build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship, the hospital implements the mode of "bedside checkout" besides the settlement in the regular windows. The convenience of service measures of bedside checkout can significantly improve the patients' satisfaction. It is simple and easy to implement, and it has significance for promotion and demonstration.


During the past twenty years, Sweden has become Western Europe's pioneer in educational reforms. Its higher education system has been modernized; its research and development activities are well-planned and government-supported. Sweden's most recent innovation is a plan for improving the teaching practices at the university level.


The present invention discloses a method for enhanced downlink control channel transmission, apparatus and system, the field of communications. Enhanced method for transmitting downlink control channel comprises: a preset multiplexing unit, a multiplexing unit comprising at least one resource block pair, and the at least one resource block pair comprising E-PDCCH resource and DM RS resources, comprising a plurality of E-PDCCH resource control channel element; transmitting at least one E-PDCCH corresponding to the at least one UE in at least one control channel element multiplexing unit, and transmitting the at least one UE corresponding to DM RS. The present invention reduces the particle size enhanced downlink control channel, saving resources, to achieve the enhanced downlink control channel, it may be provided to the UE to use more control channel.


In a special number of Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie devoted to the collection of life histories,' Frangoise Morin of the Universite de Toulouse asks why French sociologists have only recently discovered the life history as a means of understanding cultures and the researcher's place in the study of them (Morin 1980: 317). Morin proposes that the use of life histories has been essentially a North American tradition, suggesting that the inherent subjectivity and lack of distance of the researcher from the "object" of study have frightened away French anthropologists and sociologists who have been for the most part in search of structures and objective categories. A recent upsurge of interest in life histories on the part of French social


We investigate ferroelectric- and resistive switching behavior in 18-nm-thick epitaxial BaTiO$_3$ (BTO) films in a model electrolyte-ferroelectric-semiconductor (EFS) configuration. The system is explored for its potential as a ferroelectric microelectrode in bioelectronics. The BTO films are grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on semiconducting Nb-doped (0.5 wt\%) SrTiO$_{3}$ (Nb:STO) single crystal substrates. The ferroelectric properties of the bare BTO films are demonstrated by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurements. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements in EFS configuration, with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) acting as the liquid electrolyte top contact, indicate characteristic ferroelectric switching peaks in the bipolar current-voltage loop. The ferroelectric nature of the observed switching peaks is confirmed by analyzing the current response of the EFS devices to unipolar voltage signals. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements indicate bipolar resisitive switching behavior of the EFS devices, which is controlled by the remanent polarization state of the BTO layer. Our results represent a constitutive step towards the realization of neuroprosthetic implants and hybrid neurocomputational systems based on ferroelectric microelectrodes.


Phosphoinositides are involved in endocytosis in both mammalian cells and the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Dd5P4 is the Dictyostelium homolog of human OCRL (oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe); both have a RhoGAP domain and a 5‐phosphatase domain that acts on phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate/phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3). Inactivation of Dd5P4 inhibits growth on liquid medium and on bacteria. Dd5p4‐null cells are impaired in phagocytosis of yeast cells. In wild‐type cells, PI(3,4,5)P3 is formed and converted to PI(3,4)P2 just before closure of the phagocytic cup. In dd5p4‐null cells, a phagocytic cup is formed upon contact with the yeast cell, and PI(3,4,5)P3 is still produced, but the phagocytic cup does not close. We suggest that Dd5P4 regulates the conversion of PI(3,4,5)P3 to PI(3,4)P2 and that this conversion is essential for closure of the phagocytic cup. Phylogenetic analysis of OCRL‐like 5‐phosphatases with RhoGAP domains reveal that D. discoideum Dd5P4 is a surprisingly close homolog of human OCRL, the protein responsible for Lowe syndrome. We expressed human OCRL in dd5p4‐null cells. Growth on bacteria and axenic medium is largely restored, whereas the rate of phagocytosis of yeast cells is partly restored, indicating that human OCRL can functionally replace Dictyostelium Dd5P4.


EDITOR: The power of patient sedation to blunt the stress response to surgery is important in dentistry [1,2]. The advantages of the available sedation techniques should be evident to teachers of Dental Schools, to dental students, to dentists, to all involved dental practitioners and, obviously, to dental patients [3–5]. Unfortunately, this knowledge is not so widely shared in Italy, so that the use of patient sedation is still a limited practice among Italian dentists [4,6]. We report information about the current sedation practice in Italy within both academic and private practice. An E-mail or telephone survey was performed in January 2005 to collect data about current sedation practice in Italy. The survey covered all the 33 Dental Schools of Italy and 110 private dental offices of the Veneto region in the northeast of Italy. Data from a previous study [6] of private dental practice in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region were added. The two Italian regions, Friuli Venezia Giulia and Veneto, have 5 730 000 inhabitants, about 10% of the whole Italian population. In Italy there are 18 921 dentists and 34 625 physicians working as dentists. Results from the survey on the education of undergraduate dental students and of private dental practice in Italy are reported in Table 1. Sedation in Italian Dental Schools is provided mainly by anaesthesiologists (94%) with the remainder by dentists (6%). In private dental practice the situation is different with the anaesthesiologists performing the sedation in about 20% of cases, the remainder being performed by dentists and physicians. Since the foundation of Dental Schools in Italy, in 1981, the teaching of Anaesthesia in Dentistry presented many problems defining a didactic model according to the goal of this specialty. This situation had not improved 20 yr later, after the introduction of the new European Standards (2001) in the academic didactic organization that included teaching of patient evaluation and information, anxiety and pain control, emergency prevention and treatment. This is due to a lack of clinical facilities in Dental Schools and theoretical but not practical adjustment to European Standards together with lack of information among dentists. In Italian Dental Schools all the sedation masters are anaesthesiologists with a clear preference toward topics for anaesthetists and not for dentists: many anaesthesiologists had little knowledge of the training presently available to dentists wishing to practise conscious sedation. It is of great concern that a considerable number of these anaesthesiologists do not feel that is appropriate for dentists to be administering even the simplest method of sedation including the use of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation. The sedation techniques taught and performed in the Dental Schools depend on the knowledge and wisdom of the teachers, skill of clinical staff and available resources of the Institution. Oral sedation is widely employed because it is simple to teach, to learn and to perform. Intravenous (i.v.) sedation needs special skill but is suitable for titration. Inhalation of nitrous oxide and oxygen is a relatively frequent technique, but intranasal and sublingual routes of drug administration are less used. The drugs studied in most of the Italian Dental Schools are benzodiazepines and nitrous oxide but general i.v. anaesthetics (ketamine, propofol, barbiturates, opioids, etc.) and halogenated anaesthetics (sevoflurane, desflurane) are, erroneously, also taught. We believe erroneously because these are topics for anaesthesiologists and not for dentists. Special sedation techniques, for children and/or disabled patients are carried out only in a minority of cases because these are considered, mostly, as patients for anaesthesiologists requiring general anaesthesia in the majority of the Institutions. Education is carried out on a theoretical basis, while practice on the patient is lacking in the majority of the Dental Schools. The nearly total absence of academic continuing education about this topic is evident as only two Universities perform such education: Bologna University, where Correspondence to: Gastone Zanette, Department of Medico-Surgical Specialties, Chair of General and Special Anaesthesiology in Dentistry, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy. E-mail: email@example.com; Tel: 39 49 8212041; Fax: 39 49 8218229


The phenomenon of plagiarism in Romania, as well as in other countries, has become a mass one, thanks to the excessive use of www, characterized by the means of transmission and circulation of information. In this order of ideas, we could say that the most affected areas are academic and creative ones. To express our knowledge about plagiarism in a slightly more original form, in the present paper, we correlate the few aspects related to plagiarism that we could notice in some artistic manifestation, such as aphorisms, thoughts, epigrams, speeches and interventions, with the presence of the phenomenon of plagiarism in the context of new information technologies. We included passages from the types of writing mentioned above, to capture and emphasize the phenomenon of plagiarism beyond its well-known connotation. Out of the approximately 18-20 creations used, only 2-3 come to affirm an acceptance attitude and to embrace the plagiarist. The vast majority of the creations consulted condemn plagiarism and, by themselves (especially aphorisms), makes funny jokes when it comes to plagiarism. As it was expected, in the end, we concluded that although there is a side in each of us that would accept the temptation of plagiarism and would gladly embrace the ephemeral benefits associated with the phenomenon, there is also a side that makes us aware that what we do not like not to do to others.


Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common skin diseases that affects cats and dogs. Geographic factors play an important role in determining prevalence, showing high rates of prevalence in warm and humid environments. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic identification of different types of dermatophytes present on stray dogs. Methods: The design of this study was laboratory-based research. Each sample was collected from an infection site (nail, hair, or skin) that was identified by conducting a physical examination of a stray dog that was infected with fungi. The skin scraping, nail clipping, and fur cutting samples were collected from infected dogs and then cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The cultures were incubated at 26°C for five weeks. The isolates of fungi were then examined macroscopically and microscopically. The Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) staining technique was used for fungi morphology identification. Results: Overall, the most common type of dermatophytes that affected the dogs were Trichophyton spp. (64.70%), Aspergillus spp. (10.10%), Microsporum spp. (7.20%), and Curvularia spp. (5.60%). Conclusion: This study revealed the most common dermatophyte infections found on stray dogs in Selangor, Malaysia. This study can assist investigators in understanding the prevalence of the dermatophyte burden in stray dogs and help prevent further complication, such as the spread of illness, especially zoonotic infection.


The paper constructed the investment structural model and source structural model of the rural poverty fund's efficiency based on Cobb-Douglas production function,and made empirical analysis by using the data in 2006-2011 of 20 state-supported poverty-stricken counties in Hunan. The results indicated: the output elasticity and contribution rate of the rural poverty funds from different investment and source were low and the structure was imbalance and the poverty funds was inefficient. Among,SECH(Science,Education,Culture and Health) investment got higher output elasticity,meanwhile it was benefit to the growth of rural per capita net income,however,the output elasticity of infrastructure construction investment and the contribution rate of the growth of rural per capita net income which was made by the investment were both negative. The central and provincial poverty relief fund still played the vital role in fighting poverty,its output elasticity and contribution rate of the growth of rural per capita net income were both higher than other capital channels'. The rural poverty relief fund would play a more important role by coordinating organically investment structure factors,source structure factors and other factors,opening up new capital channels,increasing investment and optimizing internal structure.


Although research in general music will inevitably follow the approach and attitudes of music education research, which are based on those of education research, which are based on those of research in the behavioral sciences, which are based on those of research in the physical sciences of the seventeen rh through nineteenth centuries-a Newtonian belief system that we call "science"-we may be willing to apply one tenet of twentiethcentury physics or quantum mechanics: "it is not possible to observe reality without changing it" (Zukov 1980, p. 30). A research presence in general music implies not only attention to but also involvement in general music-and this involvement almost inevitably brings change.


We report the first realization of a monolithic vertical-cavity, surface emitting micro optical parametric conversion nanostructure, triply resonant with the parametric frequencies, allowing parametric oscillation or amplification with a very low pump power threshold.


Acknowledgements 1. Why do we need statistics? 2. Measures of central tendency 3. Measures of dispersion 4. The normal distribution 5. Probability 6. What are statistical tests all about? 7. Hypotheses 8. Significance 9. Simple statistical tests 10. What's in a number 11. Two parametric tests 12. Tests of goodness of fit 13. The design of experiments 14. Sampling 15. Correlation 16. In the last analysis ... 17. Operation schedules Answers to exercises Appendix Index.


The development of methods of generation of very short pulses of light with widths about or below 100 fs has enabled the measurement of the rate of direct photodissociation of a bond. The experiment measures absorption as a function of both time and the degree to which the probing light is off resonance with one of the fragments. A classical model with an exponential repulsion is used to relate experimental observables to the dissociation time and properties of the potential surface. The delicateness of the probe will improve as the photon energy approaches the threshold energy for dissociation.


The viscosity B coefficients for the three homologous series of sodium alkane carboxylates (acetate to butyrate), sodium n-alkyl sulfonates (methyl to hexyl), and n-alkylammonium chlorides (methyl to hexyl) in aqueous solutions at 25 °C have been determined. The B values increase linearly with the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chains for each homologous series studied in this work, as well as for a homologous series of n-alkyl sulfate ions previously studied. In the case of the three kinds of organic anions with the same alkyl groups, the B values increase in the order: –COO−>>–SO3−>–OSO3−. The ion-solvent interaction effect, as estimated by the combination of the B values with the molal volume at an infinite dilution for ions, is positive for each carboxylate ion; however, it is negative for the lower alkyl sulfonate, alkyl sulfate and alkylammonium ions. From these facts, –COO− may be classified as an "electrostrictive structure-maker," whereas, –SO3−, –OSO3−, and –NH3+ are "electrostrictive struc...


Material from the heart ventricles of 6 sexually mature domestic cats was used in the present study. The material was processed by conventional histological and histochemical methods. Histological preparations were formalinparaffin histoslices stained with haematoxylin (according Erlich) eosin. Paraffin slices from material fixed in Carnua'a solution were stained with Maurice alcian blue, followed by a PAS reaction for viewing free and conjugated polysaccharides. Differentiation of glycosaminoglycans was done by histochemical tests using alcian blue at pH 1.0 and pH 2.5. The light microscopic study of the heart ventricle walls in the cat showed structural identity compared with that of other mammalian species. Histochemical reactions established that the heart ventricle myocardium contains both free polysaccharides (glycogen) and glucosaminoglycans of the nonsulphate type.


The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and the validity of a modified version of the Multistage Shuttle-Run Aerobic Test 20m. The proposed version is a hexagon with 10m side distances each named Hexagon Multi-Level Running Aerobic Test 10m. The same parameters (ending level, maximum speed and heart rate at the finish) were measured and the VO2max was estimated in both tests using the Multistage Shuttle-Run Aerobic Test 20m protocol and tables. For the proposed test the reliability evaluation was applied on a sample of 18 students (age 20.8±0.9yrs) twice with a 48h time interval, giving high correlations in maximum speed and VO2max (r=0.99) and ending level (r=0.98). For the Hexagon Multi-Level Running Aerobic Test 10m the validity assessment of the measured variables of this test were compared with the same variables of the Multistage Shuttle-Run Aerobic Test 20m in 62 trained adolescents (age 13.7±0.7yrs). The validity coefficients for all the variables between the two tests were r=0.86 (p<0.01). Furthermore, the participants' performance profile was significantly higher in the proposed version, (p<0.05) while the mean VO2max of adolescents was significantly higher in this test than in the prototype Multistage Shuttle-Run Aerobic Test 20m (46±6.2 vs 40.8±4.9ml/kg · min), (p<0.05). Conclusively, it can be inferred that the Hexagon Multi-Level Running Aerobic Test 10m is not only a reliable and easy to use test but also, compared to the valid Multistage Shuttle-Run Aerobic Test 20m, it can be an objective test for the evaluation of aerobic performance in adolescents.


The properties and microstructure of sol self-clean bonded Al_ 2O_ 3-SiC-C castable in iron runner were studied, and the relation between the amount of sol self-clean binder and the properties of castable were discussed. It is believed that the addition of sol self-clean binder can improve the compressive strength, but has little effect on the bulk density and the apparent porosity, which enable the castable to be applicable in different conditions.


Scattering transform is a well known powerful tool for quantisation of field theories in (1+1) dimensions. Conventionally only those models whose classical counterparts admit a Lax pair (origin of which is always mysterious) have been quantised in this way. In relativistic quantum field theories we show that the scattering transforms can be constructed ab initio from its invariance under Lorentz transformation (both proper and improper), irreducible transformation nature of scalar and Dirac fields, the existence of a momentum scale associated with asymptotic nature of the scattering transform and the closure of short distance operator product algebra. For single fields it turns out that theories quantisable by scattering transforms are restricted to sine-Gordon type for spin-0 and Massive Thirring type for spin-1/2 if the target space of the scattering transform matrix is assumed to be parity invariant. There are interesting unexplored extensions if the target space is given chirality.