Motivated by the destabilization of a two-fluid layer flowing in a microchannel for efficient mixing or droplet formation, we study quantitatively the linear stability of the interface between two liquids subjected to an electric field parallel or normal to the flat interface. In the case of fast electric charge relaxation times, the equations for the perturbation can be significantly reduced [A. K. Uguz, O. Ozen, and N. Aubry, Phys. Fluids 20, 031702 (2008)]. Using a simple argument and without solving the equations, Uguz et al. determined the range of parameters over which the electric field is destabilizing, which is narrower for the parallel compared to the normal electric field. However, the argument of Uguz et al. was not amenable to the calculation of growth rates and neutral stability curves. In this paper, by solving the equations, we not only confirm the previous findings but also determine the quantitative linear stability properties, namely, the growth rates and neutral stability curves. Depen...


The growing expanse and interest in using mobile and wearable devices has made significant inroads into the practice of medicine and healthcare. Utilizing digital health tools in the management of diabetes is quickly becoming a large interest area by both medical researchers and companies at large. Within the last few years, there have been significant developments in tools and technology developed that could have long-lasting impact on the future of diabetes management, patient engagement and interaction, and clinical practice.


The effects of partial and clear-cut harvesting on abundance and community composition of forest floor microarthropods and oribatid mites were investigated in conifer and deciduous stands of the mi...


The need for strong leadership is at the top of the agenda for many companies, but understanding what constitutes good and effective leadership that will help companies overcome transitionary periods such as economic downturns or increased competition is not as simple as it might seem. Many companies are spending a lot of time and money to train their top management, but these training methods often do not fulfil the business and individual needs critical for long‐term survival. Examines one company where the provision of focussed, business enhancing management and leadership has helped to fuel the next stage of its development.


We investigate the Moreau-Yosida regularization and the associated proximal map in the context of discrete gradient flow for the 2-Wasserstein metric. Our main results are a stepwise contraction property for the proximal map and an "above the tangent line" inequality for the regularization. Using the latter, we prove a Talagrand inequality and an HWI inequality for the regularization, under appropriate hypotheses. In the final section, the results are applied to study the discrete gradient flow for R\'enyi entropies. As Otto showed, the gradient flow for these entropies in the 2-Wasserstein metric is a porous medium flow or a fast diffusion flow, depending on the exponent of the entropy. We show that a striking number of the remarkable features of the porous medium and fast diffusion flows are present in the discrete gradient flow and do not simply emerge in the limit as the time-step goes to zero.


ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS 2009-present Director of Studies in Engineering, University of Cambridge (Clare College). 2006-present Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge. (Junior Research Fellow 2006-2009, Official Fellow from Oct 2009) One stipendiary position in sciences and one in humanities were awarded, after an international competition across all disciplines, with more than 500 applicants per year. 2008-present Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellowship (985 542 USD award). University of Cambridge (Trinity College), UK. Ph.D. in Control Engineering. Scholarships: Gates Scholar, ORS award.  2002-2006


It is tradition in Kyrgyzstan to have large families. Siblings, however, are born soon after each other, causing serious health problems and sometimes death for the mothers and newborn infants. After the country gained independence in 1991, the government introduced a program to reduce maternal and infant mortality by increasing the use of family planning. The program has already met with some success; between 1991 and 1996, the level of contraceptive use among reproductive-age women increased from almost 22% to almost 33%. However, while the level of family planning practice has increased, the range of methods used remains limited to IUD and abortion. Other methods constitute only a small percentage of contraceptives used, and use of modern methods such as oral contraceptive pills is concentrated in the capital city of Bishkek. This continued dependence upon IUD and abortion has been attributed to a lack of information among both service providers and the public about the range of methods available. AVSC is involved in several efforts to increase the level of related awareness. There is also an urgent need in the country for family planning education materials. With funding from the UN Population Fund, AVSC is working with the Kyrgyzstan Ministry of Health and the Republican Health Education Center on an IEC campaign, to be launched in fall 1998, with the aim of teaching the public about contraception to increase birth spacing and prevent unintended pregnancies.


We report about a novel kind of supercontinuum generation in a photonic crystal fibre in which the spectral broadening occurs only on the blue side of the pump wavelength. Along with experimental data we present a theoretical explanation for the observed phenomena which is supported by the results of a set of numerical simulations.


The article discloses the social role of knowledge in the economy of the modern enterprise. Knowledge serves as means of making a profit, and itself becomes a marketable product. In this context, knowledge management function is aimed at the accumulation and subsequent use of intellectual capital as a result of the high level of education and competence of employees of the enterprise, research and development activities, creative activities and lessons learned. The study identified and described the stages of formation of intellectual capital as a result of the formation of domain knowledge information requirements, to gain experience, the formation of the information field of knowledge storage, distribution (extraction) knowledge of corporate memory, the use of intellectual capital, for practical purposes, the creation of new knowledge in the course of professional activities, the implementation of new information products. Key findings of the research are opening function of knowledge management at every stage of accumulation of intellectual capital of the enterprise, where the main emphasis is on the role of the personnel and their level of education and competence, as well as the creation and implementation of expert systems.


Peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a treatment was and remains about $20,000 per year less costly than in-center hemodialysis (1,2). That observation is not unique to the United States (3). In an effort to reduce US Medicare outlays for health care programs and to move away from fee-for-service reimbursement, the US Congress passed the Medicare Improvement for Patients and Providers Act in 2008. The act included a mandate that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) build a new prospective payment system (PPS) for the End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Program. The payer (in this case, the government) rationale behind a prospective bundled payment as it broadly applies to other diseases or health settings has recently been well articulated by Feder (4). Debuting in 2011, the dialysis bundle included a new reimbursement strategy to incent US dialysis providers to place more patients on PD. Under the near 25-year-old fee-for-service payment method for dialysis patients, the dialysis treatment payment had been set at a fixed rate, but injectable drugs [such as iron, erythropoiesisstimulating agents (ESAs), and vitamin D analogs] and other components of the treatment were paid separately. The new PPS places most costs for dialysis care, especially the injected medications, within a bundle of services. The CMS plan was openly discussed and debated; by the middle of 2010, its most important features were publicized, giving the dialysis community time to prepare for its implementation on 1 January 2011. To incent providers to place more patients on home dialysis, CMS set the bundled payment equal to that for an in-center treatment and agreed to start such payments as soon as the patient started home therapy. Here, I detail the financial incentives for home dialysis and describe the impact they might possibly have had on the utilization of PD in the United States.


It is my belief that the following case report constitutes an illustration of one of the dangers in the use of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of idiopathic epilepsy: REPORT OF CASE Mrs. H. E. R., an American, aged 33, 5 feet 4 inches (163 cm.) tall, weighing 112 pounds (50.8 Kg.), came to the clinic complaining of attacks of convulsions, lasting from fifteen to twenty minutes, followed by stupor. She cried easily and was nervous and excitable; her memory was poor and she was not able to concentrate. The attacks of convulsions had begun four years before, appearing three weeks after the birth of a child. Following the first convulsion she had been unconscious for six hours. She had had these attacks frequently, having as many as two or three a day, until she became pregnant again a little more than two years before; during this pregnancy she


In order to help to solution power-sharing process, keep to frequency and voltage constrained limits in microgrid system. The parameter values must therefore be chosen accurately. Optimization techniques are a hot topic of researchers; hence this paper presents an optimization technique for finding parameter values of system. This paper will apply a version of Harris hawks optimization (HHO) on microgrid to control the power sharing, frequency and voltage. The results of simulation show that the HHO droop controller improves the quality of micro-grid power by ensuring that variability in the control of microgrid frequency and voltage and efficient power sharing occurs that when there is a micro-grid island mode and when there is a load variation. Keywords— droop control, microgrid, Harris hawks optimization, power sharing.


The arrival of the British colony in Kuala Lumpur sparked a radical change in the town in terms of infrastructure and town planning. Due to the British Empire's reign over Malaya in the advent of 20th century, the colonial architectural style has influenced a lot of important building in the royal town of Selangor. Some of the building is abandoned disrespect, disregard and it's frightening. Many deemed historic buildings and structures disappears in exchange for modernity, which is a threat to the townscape and history. The local council of Klang aims to preserve clusters of colonial sights, place of worships, schools, and remnants of a fort that has shaped the town enabling people to be more appreciative towards it. Located in the heart of Klang town, the fire station sits next to another heritage trail icon, Raja Abdullah Warehouse. Without proper documentation and curation, the building significant will remain unknown and eventually disappear. The core of this paper will showcase the building design quality and its importance, as the first attempt to document the Balai Bomba Klang Selatan to assist in conserving its tangible and intangible qualities. The study aims to collate and document the tangible qualities of the fire station to complement the measured drawing exercise.


Most image segmentation algorithms for extraction of the imaging well logging crack are ineffective because of the complex composition and noises. A new extraction algorithm for imaging well logging crack based on percolation model is proposed. The algorithm uses the continuity of the crack pixels as the basis for extraction, and a linear seepage area that is closely related to the initial pixel is generated through the gradual percolation of the initial pixel. Then, by calculating the percolation parameters of the pixels in percolation area to determine whether the current pixel is the target of the crack. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively suppress noises and remove holes and other substances, as well as can extract cracks accurately in complex imaging well logging images.


It is an implication of the productive efficiency lemma of P. A. Diamond and J. A. Mirrlees that intermediate goods should not be taxed in a world of constant returns to scale and perfect competition. Three simple models are analyzed to examine whether this conclusion can be extended to accommodate imperfect competition. The importance of returns to scale and the form of the production function are emphasized and, where applicable, welfare-improving and optimal tax schemes are described that include taxes on intermediate goods. If all technologies are Leontief, productive efficiency remains desirable.


We report preliminary results from a Cs fountain primary frequency standard operated in a regime where the collisional frequency shift is zero. This shift is of opposite sign for the two clock states. The shift is cancelled by equalizing the contributions from the two clock states by adjusting the clock state composition during the microwave interrogation. Design details of, and modifications to, the fountain NPL-CsF2 are described. Attention has been paid to assuring long-term stability of the fountain parameters, especially the atom cloud size and the amplitude of the interrogating microwave field.


Recent studies on the anxiety patterns of public speakers have generally supported perspectives on emotion from the field of neurobiology. Without relying on highly invasive or cumbersome technology, much of the biology of speech anxiety has been derived from heart rate studies of physiological arousal rather than examining more direct evidence provided by neurological activity. The neuroendocrine hormone cortisol is produced by the brain during state anxiety and, in the present study, cortisol levels of public speakers are mapped over time. The resulting pattern for cortisol response is a monotonic decelerating function over time. Moreover, these cortisol levels are related to psychological measures of speaker state anxiety. The implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.


In this paper we study a rather novel parametrization for state-space systems: data driven local coordinates (DDLC) as introduced in [10]. We provide some insights into the geometry and topology of the DDLC construction and show a number of results for this parametrization which are also important for actual computations using DDLC.


In this era of technology development, developing new energy sources are the prime concern. One of the sectors that have gained much interest is devices that are able to convert ambient energy into electrical energy. The purpose of our project is to develop such a device that can convert pressure into electrical energy based on the piezoelectric element. This project will also show that the presence of waste vibration energy might have some values to be used. The system of this energy generating project includes the conversion of continuous compression of floors by human pressure across piezoelectric materials into electrical energy.


Methods: Seventeen male untreated mild essential hypertensive patients with a mean age of 41 years agreed to participate in a double-blind randomized trial to test the effects of treatment with cilazapril, an inhibitor of angiotensin I converting enzyme, in comparison with treatment with atenolol, a beta-blocker, on the structure and function of subcutaneous resistance arteries. Patients were randomized to receive either 2.5–5 mg cilazapril or 25–100 mg atenolol per day. Results: Systolic/diastolk blood pressure was 147/99 and 148/99 mmHg before treatment and 132/86 and 131/85 mmHg at 1 year of treatment in the two groups, respectively. Cilazapril treatment for 1 year resulted in a reduction in the media: lumen ratio of resistance arteries (150–400 μm lumen diameter) dissected from subcutaneous gluteal biopsies from 7.5±0.3% before treatment to 6.3±0.2% 1 year later (P<0.05), still slightly but significantly larger (P<0.05) than the media: lumen ratio of resistance arteries of normotensive controls (5.1 ±0.3%). In arteries from patients treated with atenolol there was no significant change with treatment (8.0±0.6% before and 8.1 ±0.5% after 1 year of treatment). Active wall tension responses to endothelin-1 were blunted in hypertensive patients and normalized in the cilazapril-treated patients, but unchanged in those taking atenolo). Relaxation in response to acetylcholine of norepinephrine pre-contracted arteries was stiD significantly reduced after 1 year (P<0.05) in normotensive participants treated with atenolol, but not in those who had received cilazapril. Conclusion: Treatment for 1 year with the converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril thus corrects some structural and functional abnormalities of resistance arteries from mild essential hypertensive patients.


This paper focuses on the problem of robust stabilization of power systems. The power system model contains input delays due to the synchronization of the measurements. Sufficient conditions for the closed loop stability of the linearized power system model are given in terms of the existence of symmetric and positive-definite solutions of linear matrix inequality contraints. A controller that robustly stabilizes the power system is designed, in the presence of this time-delay. The proposed controller was tested on two standard 4machine power system model. The robustness of the controller with respect to the increasing of tie-line power flow as well as the inter-area oscillations present in the test systems is also assessed.


Successful chain convenience store industry in Taiwan is usually the result of good management mode and strategic positioning. However, as there is a lack of comprehensive personnel system and the market gradually enters mature period, an improvement in human resources is absolutely the main differentiated source of enterprise competition. An investigation into the factors that affect franchise convenience store manager's contract renewal intention is an important indicator for measuring the store manager's attitude and can make the company think over the way to cope with possible portent of potential problem in advance. This study attempts to find out whether franchise convenience store manager's job characteristics, work values and organizational identification relate to and affect contract renewal intention, so as to promote franchise convenience store manager's work values and organizational identification through probing into their job characteristics. Finally, it hopes to increase the contract renewal ratio of convenience store headquarter and, in terms of study results, it proposes some suggestions as a reference for management. This study adopted questionnaire survey and the population were managers of franchise FamilyMart stores in Taiwan. The sample was obtained by means of sampling. The whole province was divided into three areas namely northern, middle and southern area, and 55 store managers were randomly selected at each area. 159 usable responses were received from the total of 165 questionnaires. After examining the received data through T test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis, the study results showed that: 1. Individual attribute variable caused significant difference in franchise convenience store manager's job characteristics, work values, organizational identification and contract renewal intention. 2. Franchise convenience store manager's job characteristics were highly correlative with their organizational identification. 3. Franchise convenience store manager's work values were significantly related to their organizational identification. 4. Franchise convenience store manager's job characteristics significantly affected their organizational identification. 5. Franchise convenience store manager's work values exerted no significant impact on their organizational identification. 6. Franchise convenience store manager's job characteristics had significant effects on their contract renewal intention. 7. Franchise convenience store manager's work values had no significant impact on contract renewal intention. 8. Franchise convenience store manager's organizational identification significantly affected the contract renewal intention.


Designing a discrete-time controller in w-plane offers an advantage that the well-developed and well-recognized frequency response plots (for example, Bode plot) can be employed to design a discrete-time controller. The frequency response plots cannot be used directly in z-plane to construct a controller. However, this paper describes the difficulties and issues in constructing a discrete-time controller through a w- plane by the use of Bode diagrams/frequency response plots. For this purpose, one of the extensively used switching converters, i.e., a DC-DC buck converter operating at a switching frequency of 1000 kHz is considered as a plant. The problem arises due to the introduction of a right-half-plane zero (RHPZ) when one intends to transform a plant in s-plane to z-plane and then from z-plane to w-plane for the sake of designing a discrete-time controller in w-plane. RHPZ behaves as a pole and additionally lags the phase, thus making the plant nonminimum phase characteristically. RHPZ limits the system bandwidth and causes sluggish response. The control of plants containing RHPZ becomes complicated. MATLAB/Simulink based simulation results are presented to highlight the issues associated with construction of the digital controller in w-plane.


The light microscopic image of the chromosome is one of the sources to diagnose genetic disorders. Chromosome counting is the first step for diagnosing genetic abnormalities. However, in the case of complicated chromosome pattern in images, it still needs improvement due to its complication and poor image quality. Moreover, every chromosome images are different in contrast and brightness. Therefore, in order to achieve a better performance in chromosome counting, the complicated chromosome images need to be specially enhanced. This paper proposes a technique called Adaptive Complicated Chromosome Image Enhancement (ACCIE) using the determining threshold value method, and the dynamically determining intensity adjustment method. The proposed method helps to generate a proper chromosome skeletonization and yields 86.81% for complicated chromosome number determination.


The present invention discloses a method for automatic opening of service home gateway, comprising: a home gateway management properties as; generic configuration template file provided to the home gateway, submitted to the management center; tent operator system generates corresponding electronic information according to the service request work orders and submit them to the management center; when the home gateway first start networking, utilization management parameters and management centers established management channel management center of the home gateway security certification and registration; management center in a database search for a matching configuration template file and electronic Engineering single and sent home gateway; receiving home gateway configuration template files and electronic work orders, restart the configuration. The present invention is based WAN communication terminal Management Protocol TR-069, proposed electronic management processes to realize the remote, automatic, a large number of service provisioning, service provisioning shortened period.


: Allelopathy is shown by the plants through the secretion of secondary metabolites which are mostly phenolic acids or alkaloids. These phenolic acids and resins get released into the environment through leachation or upon decomposition. In the present experiment the relative amount and composition of phenolic acids released in the soils by Eucalyptus tereticornis, Leucaena leucocephala (both exotics), Dalbergia sissoo and Acacia nilotica (both indigenous) to India, is observed. In the present set of observations, it is found that the various exotic and indigenous tree species release certain phenolic acids in the extractable amount which may result in their allelopathic potential. The relative phytotoxicity depends upon the type and amount of phenolic acids present in their organic compounds. The E. tereticornis soils were found to have the maximum number of phenolic acids i.e. seven types. The D. sissoo, as held relatively least number of phenolic acids that too benzoic acid derivatives, has the least phytotoxic influence on under-grown vegetation as compared to other plantations.


A theory is introduced that, for the first time, systematicallyand coherently explains autocracies' rich and diverse experiences with taxation (e.g., why some tax heavily but others not and why some fall into tax-induced violence but others not). It explains how taxpayers' threat of violence places a limit on taxation, how that limit reflects the equilibrium between state coercion and taxpayers' capacity for violence, and how various factors affect the equilibrium. It helps us understand the political economics of autocracy and has strong policy implications.


Both the euro-area and the United States suffered an initially quite similar housing and financial shock in 2007/8, with several states in both regions being particularly badly affected. Yet there was never any question that the worst hit US states would need a special bail-out or leave the dollar area, whereas such concerns have worsened in the euro-area. We focus on three badly affected states, Arizona, Spain and Latvia, to examine the working of relative adjustment mechanisms within the currency region. We concentrate on four such mechanisms, relative wage adjustment, migration, net fiscal flows and bank flows. Only in Latvia was there any relative wage adjustment. Intra-EU migration has increased, but is more costly for those involved in the EU (than in the USA). Net federal financing helped Arizona and Latvia in the crisis, but not Spain. The locally focussed structure of banking amplified the crisis in Spain, whereas the role of out-of-state banks eased adjustment in Arizona and Latvia. The latter reinforces the case for an EU banking union.


In order to integrate the system resource, utilize the resources flexibly, and meet the demand of various data management and applications in the cloud computing environment, one of the positive solutions is to apply the virtualization technology. Various applications performed on a virtual platform, the required resources for individual application should be adjusted flexibly and effectively. An extenics-based dynamic resource adjustment mechanism for supporting cloud computing is proposed in this paper. Based on a KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) technology, an associative function has been established by applying the extenics theory to determine the degree of CPU requirement for each application. According to the degree of CPU requirement, the proposed resource adjustment mechanism can provide a proper number of CPUs for each virtual machine dynamically. The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism can improve the performance of the system and distribute the source information effectively in real time.


This paper develops a novel mechanism for recover- ing from dual link failures in IP networks. The highlight of the developed routing approach is that a node re-routes a packet around the failed link without the knowledge of the second link failure. The proposed technique requires three protection addresses for every node, in addition to the normal address. Associated with every protection address of a node is a protection graph. Each link connected to the node is removed in at least one of protection graphs and every protection graph is guaranteed to be two-edge connected. The network recovers from the first failure by tunneling the packet to the next-hop node using one of the protection addresses of the next-hop node; and the packet is routed over the protection graph corresponding to that protection address. We prove that it is sufficient to provide up to three protection addresses per node to tolerate any arbitrary two link failures in a three-edge connected graph. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique over several network topologies. network recovers from the first failure using IP-in-IP tunneling (RFC2003) using one of the "protection addresses" of the next node in the path. Packets destined to the protection address of a node are routed over a protection graph where the failed link is not present. Every protection graph is guaranteed to be two-edge connected by construction, hence is guaranteed to tolerate another link failure. We develop an elegant technique to compute the protection graphs at a node such that each link connected to the node is removed in at least one of protection graphs, and every protection graph is two-edge connected. The highlight of our approach is that we prove that every node requires at most three protection graphs. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section II surveys the techniques developed for fast recovery from single link failures. Section III describes the network model. Sec- tion IV describes our approach for dual link failure recovery, proves the requirement of up to three protection addresses per node, and discusses two different approaches to route using colored trees in the protection (auxiliary) graphs. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on several networks and present our results in Section V. Our conclusions are presented in Section VI.


Introduction: the pragmatics of romantic idealism 1. Romanticising pragmatism: dialogue and critical method 2. Pragmatising romanticism: radical empiricism from Reid to Rorty 3. This living Keats: truth, deixis, and correspondence 4. An unremitting interchange: Shelley, elenchus, and the education of error 5. The embodiment of reason: Coleridge on language, logic, and ethics Conclusion.


Our Country (i.e.China) experiences the unprecedented deep social transform,for which it subjects the traditional values to a strong shock.It urges us to carry forward the spirit of humanities, therefore provide us with the mental motive,intellect support and the humanistic surrounding in order to fulfill the grand target in the new century.


Amateurs in design as well as art, the Russian Mir Iskusstva group accomplished a quiet revolution. They helped transform Russian visual culture of the educated classes through the application of synthetic ideals and inter-disciplinary approaches to nearly every aspect of the aesthetic environment. Existing between 1897 and 1924, the Mir Iskusstva contributed to Russian design not just particular visual ideas or styles, but perhaps more importantly an entirely new understanding of the design environment as a World of Art (the literal meaning of 'Mir Iskusstva', and explored and mixed diverse historical sources. The influence of these erudite and independent artist-designers even spread throughout the world through the sensationally successful productions of the early Ballets Russes. In this paper I examine the nature and pathways of Mir Iskusstva amateurism, and how it underlay and enabled their design achievements. I hope to show that while they attained a high degree of sophistication in their design work, their diverse, cross-disciplinary activities allowed them to resist specialization and thus avoid the pitfalls of professionalism, remaining amateurs at heart.


The fate of the potassium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) when applied to birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L., var. Viking) and an intercross resistant to 2,4-D was studied. No difference in spray retention per mg fresh weight between the two trefoils was detected and more than 98% of 2,4-D-2-14C was absorbed within 2 days after application. Herbicide moved from treated leaves to young leaves, stems, and roots in about equal quantities. Seven days after treatment, 70% of the 14C activity of 2-propanol extracts of both trefoils was 2,4-D-2-14C; the remaining activity of the extract was from unknown metabolites of 2,4-D. The total activity recovered from the tolerant selection and Viking, respectively, was 57% and 50% of that applied. The methods used failed to establish a clear basis for the difference in reaction of the two birdsfoot trefoils to 2,4-D.


Narcotics are the substances used to treat moderate to severe pain. They could be natural like opiates such as morphine, codeine etc., synthetic like fentanyl, methadone etc., and semi-synthetic like oxycodone, hydrocodone etc. These drugs act as pain relievers, induces the state of stupor or sleep, and increase the physical dependence on them. In forensic autopsy case, the forensic pathologist may require a complete toxicological investigation for different poisons including stimulants. In India, Forensic Science Laboratories run by Government under the Home ministry usually carry out this. The samples must be analysed by the forensic toxicologist/chemists/scientist. This article deals with the screening/spot test for narcotics. It attempts to simplify the standard procedures in a step-wise manner, which can be of handy reference for the forensic toxicologist.

Keywords: Narcotics, Screening, Spot test, Drugs, Opioids etc.


IUE absorption-line data obtained at 110-320 nm with resolution 10-30 pm toward the B-star component of the multiple system of Alpha Sco are presented in graphs and tables and used to characterize the circumstellar shell around the M1.5 Iab component. Resonant lines of Ni II are identified at strengths in excess of 4 pm and fit to a growth curve constructed using the Fe II, Si II, and Mn II lines, and the results are found to confirm the oscillator strengths determined by Kurucz and Peytremann (1975) to within 50 percent. Shell depletions 2-20 times smaller than those for dense clouds such as the surrounding Oph complex are calculated and attributed to the formation of circumstellar dust. The implications of the results for the condensation of various elements in dense and diffuse clouds are explored.


A study of the dates of shareholder meetings held in 2008 and 2009 reveals significant clustering. Especially on 13 June 2008, when 585 firms simultaneously held annual shareholders' meetings, accounting for 45.35% of the total market. Consequently, the Financial Supervisory Committee began to impose a daily limit on the number of firms that could hold shareholders' meetings, initially set at 200. This paper compiles information from the Chinese Farmers' Calendar and confirms that firms avoid "inauspicious dates" for holding shareholders' meetings. Furthermore, firms not driven by superstition may also use the Chinese Farmers' Calendar to select meeting dates, with the aim of deterring some minor stakeholders from attending. We will show that firms who select similar dates for holding shareholders' meetings tend to follow similar policies. The tendency of preserving similar policies has decreased since the enactment of the new regulation. Despite these changes, both before and after the enactment of the new regulation, firms are still most likely to hold shareholders' meeting on a Friday and least likely to do so on a Monday. Nonetheless, there was a slight decrease in the weekend-effect after the new regulation was implemented. Moreover, there was a tendency to hold directors' meetings and the shareholders' meetings on the same weekdays, especially when both meeting dates were held on Fridays, with a gap of 12 weeks in between. This tendency has also decreased since the regulation came into force. The evidence suggests that behavioral factors come in to play when shareholders' meetings are being scheduled.


The Huolin River is an important water supply source for the wetland located in western Jilin province, especially the river flooding in the lower reaches of the basin. In recent years, the degree of aridity and salinization of the wetlands has increased. To prevent the further deterioration of the ecological system, water conservancy projects and irrigation systems were constructed to ensure water safety. What effects on the ecological system and biological diversity were induced by all the measures and constructions is not clear. The "emergency project" of the water recession of the Huolin River is taken as example. In the analysis, the project is divided into two stages, five indicators for criteria tier were selected, and for index tier, 21 indicators during the implementation stage and 15 indicators during the operation stage were selected for constructing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model. By using expert scoring to determine the weight of each indicator, the impact index and degree of water conservancy of projects on biodiversity are calculated. The results show that at the level of the impact categories, ecological landscape is identified as a key influence factor. At the index level, the occupied area of the landscape type, the changes in patch number, the water conservation function, and the water purification quality are identified as corresponding key impact indicators. The biodiversity overall impact index is −23.45, which means the negative impact and the degree is medium to low. Meanwhile, for the implementation stage, the index is −51.58, which indicates a medium to low negative impact, while for the operation stage, the index is 33.66, which indicates a medium to low positive impact. These results are analyzed and scientifically evaluated and corresponding protection suggestions for the local area are proposed.


Onboard incubation experiments were conducted to examine the feeding rates and selectivity of the cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis on natural assemblages of microplankton during the spring bloom in the Oyashio region. O. similis cleared ciliates at higher rates (2.8-11.9 mL copepod � 1 d � 1 ) than dinoflagellates (1.4 mL copepod � 1 d � 1 ), with no detectable ingestion of diatoms. Clear- ance increased with ciliate size, reaching maximum rates at a size of � 35 mm equivalent spherical diameter. The total ingestion rates of protozooplankton (ciliates and dinoflagellates) by O. similis ranged between 24.8 and 41.5 ngC copepod � 1 d � 1 , which exceeded by about 2-3 times the metabolic expenditure of the copepod. Applying the ingestion rates to abundance data of O. similis, we estimated that the copepod population removed each day 0.1-0.4% of the protozooplankton standing stock. These results indicate that protozoo- plankton, especially aloricate ciliates, are an important food resource available to O. similis even under bloom conditions in the Oy- ashio region, though the predation by the copepod did not have a significant impact on protozooplankton assemblages.


Bilateral dislocation of the shoulders (anterior or posterior) is a known event after epileptic seizure or electrocution. However this pathology is rare when one side is anterior and the other is posterior. We describe a case of bilateral fracture dislocation of the shoulders after electrocution in a 45 year old woman. Asymmetrical presentation of lesion is exceptional, caused by opposing mechanisms. The diagnosis was made in emergency, and the patient underwent surgical treatment. We review these fracture dislocation types, and we also examine their mechanisms. © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved ARTICLE INFO Article h istory: Received: 6 July 2014; Received in revised form: 21 August 2014; Accepted: 5 September 2014;


This chapter considers changes in Columbanian monastic practices that arose with growth and expansion. Agrestius, a renegade monk, accused the deceased Columbanus and his practices of being heretical, provoking the Synod of Mâcon in 626/627. While Agrestius's attempt failed, the synod led to a modification in Columbanian practices. The severity of Columbanus's legislation was modified by incorporating the Regula Benedicti with Columbanian practices. Through this "mixed rule," the Regula Benedicti—the foundational text for Western monasticism—was disseminated throughout Merovingian Gaul. These modifications, initiated by the Frankish communities, marked a fundamental break with the monastic vision of Columbanus. Columbanus is seen as an autocratic abbot with a definite idea of how monastic life was to be regulated. The Regula Benedicti and the mixed rule are seen in the context of an attempt to modify the punitive nature of Columbanus's monasticism. In response to this crisis, Jonas wrote his Vita Columbani.


The declination of the Sun along the year varies according to a sinusoid. Around the solstices this curve is approximated by a parabola. In kinematics a parabola is obtained with a constant acceleration. This acceleration has been estimated in the days 21-29 December 2017, from the measurements taken at the meridian line in the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Rome made by Francesco Bianchini in 1702 with purpose of measuring the variation of the obliquity of the ecliptic. The parabola equation is fitted to the data to obtain the solstice's instant with an accuracy of one hour. The departure of the measures is within 4 arcsec (the daytime seeing during these solar transits) from the ephemerides of IMCCE. The pipeline of the algorithm used to obtain the angular data of the center of the Sun, starting from the ground measurements affected by the atmospheric refraction, and corrected by the Cassini equation, is described. Bianchini in 1703 reduced the error on the solstices timings by using the difference in right ascension between the Sun and a star observed at the same meridian line even in daytime (as he did with Sirius in June-July 1703). The present one is an absolute measurement, without stellar references. The meridian diameter is averagely measured 24 arcsec less than the true value, with 20 arcsec of standard deviation, because of different luminosity contrasts in the sky and in the Basilica. Conversely the center of the image is much better defined (the contrast acts symmetrically without moving the center of the image), allowing an accuracy to the nearest arcsecond in the determination of the true obliquity.


In combat operations, naval ships may be subjected to considerable air blast and underwater shock loads capable of causing severe structural damage. As the experimental study imposes great monetary and time cost, the numerical solution may provide a valuable alternative. This study emphasises on numerical analysis for optimization of stiffened and unstiffened plate`s structural response subjected to air blast load. Linear and non linear finite element (FE) modeling and analysis was carried out and compared with existing experimental results. The obtained results reveal a good agreement between numerical and experimental observations. The presented FE models can eliminate confusion regarding parameters selection and FE operations processing, using commercial software available currently.


This reference book is a comprehensive guide to the pathology, toxicology, and pharmacology of commonly abused drugs. It covers the origin, history, and production techniques used to make these drugs. There is data on the investigation of drug-related deaths and on practical approaches to the detection of drug abuse. The medical complications associated with each drug are discussed in some detail. Individual chapters deal with cocaine, other naturally occurring stimulants, synthetic stimulants, hallucinogens, narcotics, anabolic steroids, and solvent abuse. Approximately 800 new references have been added since the publication of the first edition.


The purpose of this paper is to show that every e–th Frobenius pull–back of the tangent bundle of a smooth weighted complete intersection defined over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic is μ–stable if the Picard group is isomorphic to ℤ, in particular, if the dimension of the smooth weighted complete intersection is at least 3.


In the microphyll semi-deciduous forest of the Ecological Reserve Siboney Juticí, stress conditions have been conditioned by anthropogenic disturbances, together with climatic and edaphic characteristic. The study develops a method to show the existence of interactions among functional types, species and life class, such as evaluating its magnitude in an unequally disturbed site. The χ2 distribution was applied, considering all possible combinations of species and their life class (seedling, sapling and adult) in the contingence tables. An equation was obtained for an index that made possible to estimate the type (facilitation or competence) and magnitude of the detected interaction. Facilitation and competence interactions were verified. Facilitation was frequent in highly and moderately disturbed sites, and competence in low perturbed sites. Facilitator species correspond fundamentally with the functional type of spreaders and the facilitated were, fundamentally, seedlings and saplings of colonizers species. Some stabilizer species were also documented as facilitators. The facilitator character of some stabilizer species over seedling and sapling of colonizer species in low perturbed sites may be contributing to the stability of these states of the system, in spite of the verified increasing of competence among adult individuals of all functional types in these sites.


The objective of the research outlined in this paper is to develop a novel cycle ergo meter that incorporates (1) a faster, more accurate automatic bike set-up and adjustment for individual cyclists with greater repeatability and (2) the personalized torque, angular displacement and angular velocity profiles generated via mathematical models of cycling performance from experimental road trial data using SRM or Beru cranks. This ergo meter allows fitting adjustments whilst cycling and aims to reduce the set-up time to about 80 seconds for the first set-up and 17 seconds for the subsequent set-ups as opposed to 30 minutes (required by the end-users current ergo meter). Instrumented cranks have been fitted in to monitor the torque generated by the crank movements and the perpendicular force. Eccentric cycling for muscle strengthening can be readily incorporated into the torque producing capability of the system.


P The gendered impact of the pandemic on economic participation in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) remains clear. High-Frequency phone Survey (HFPS) data collected by the World Bank in mid-2020 showed that women in LAC were 4 5 percent more likely to lose their jobs than men. Many feared that COVID-19 would lead to a permanent setback in gender equality in economic opportunities. Nearly a year and a half later, a new round of phone survey data collected by the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in an even larger range of countries allowed us to take stock. The results are concerning. Well over a year after the start of the pandemic, the gendered impact on economic participation in LAC did not dissipate. Employment losses continued to be markedly (2.3 times) higher for women than for men. Entry into employment is also relatively less common for women than for men. 1 Accordingly, the gender gap in employment remains elevated in most countries. Substantial transitions into and out of the labor force can also be observed. For example, while half of the women who lost their jobs became inactive, over a third of pre-pandemic inactive women entered the labor force during the pandemic. Women (and men) also experienced a decline in the quality of their jobs. Among new entrants into the labor force, women were more likely than men to land in informality.


A hematopoietic neoplasm was found in a 14-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. Blood smear examination revealed the existence of numerous blastic cells with large, round or oval nuclei, and scant pale cytoplasm containing no granules. At autopsy, the liver and spleen were markedly enlarged and the right femur showed swelling and hemorrahge. Histopathologically, neoplastic cells infiltrated diffusely in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen, and destroyed their normal architectures. In the bone marrow neoplastic cells invaded into the surrounding tissues, while in the spleen they proliferated from the red pulp. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive for lysozyme, while they were negative for hemoglobin, ED-1, OX-7, OX-8, and OX-12. Based on these findings, the present neoplasm was diagnosed as myeloblastic leukemia.


Richard Rosen suggests " it would be interesting to extend this article under review to a sector by sector analysis, for the main energy consuming sectors, namely transportation, buildings, and industry.... to see how the ratio the authors highlight between current year energy consumption and cumulative GDP evolve for each of these three major sectors separately yielding the weighted average ratio for the entire economy. "


In this study, an omnidirectional inverted pendulum (ODIP) is controlled based on a dual Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy control scheme. The ODIP is a handmade system. It contains two subsystems. The lower mechanism system includes a brushless rim motor, a system platform, batteries, and an encoder. The upper mechanism system is mainly composed of a circuit system, a motor fixed platform, a motor, and a flywheel. The proposed controller combines two fuzzy control approaches for ODIP system control with disturbances and uncertainties. The core of the ODIP operating system is an embedded controller, which executes real-world control processes. Moreover, to address the coupling problem, the shafts of the two motors are oriented in orthogonal directions. Then, the two fuzzy controllers can be designed independently without coupling. In the proposed controller, the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model is adopted for fuzzy modeling of the ODIP. The conception of parallel distributed compensation (PDC) is utilized to develop fuzzy control from TS fuzzy models. The format of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) can formulate sufficient conditions. The main contributions of this study are (1) the implementation of an ODIP and (2) the application of the proposed dual Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy control scheme for real-time control of the ODIP. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed control scheme is illustrated by the experimental results presented in this study.


The single-atomic-site doping of oxophilic-metal (Ru) species in FeCo-LDH leads to the active atom reconstruction at symmetry-breaking interfaces and then the excellent catalytic performance for OER/HER and overall water splitting at large current densities.


The penetration of polar or badly soluble compounds through a cell membrane into live cells requires mechanical support or chemical helpers. Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) are very promising chemical helpers. Because of their low cytotoxicity and final degradation to amino acids, they are particularly favored in in vivo studies and for clinical applications. Clearly, the future of CPP research is bright; however, the required optimization studies for each drug require considerable individualized attention. Thus, CPPs are not the philosopher's stone. As of today, a large number of such transporter peptides with very different sequences have been identified. These have different uptake mechanisms and can transport different cargos. Intracellular concentrations of cargos can reach a low micromole range and are able to influence intracellular reactions. Internalized ribonucleic acids such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and mimics of RNA such as peptide nucleic acids, morpholino nucleic acids, and triesters of oligonucleotides can influence transcription and translation. Despite the highly efficient internalization of antibodies, enzymes, and other protein factors, as well as siRNA and RNA mimics, the uptake and stabile insertion of DNA into the genome of the host cells remain substantially challenging.


Starting with culture and languages,the essay analyzes the inseparable relation between languages teaching and culture and puts forward the necessity of introducing culture into foreign languages teaching and the corresponding strategies and ways.


Stimulation of the thalamic nucleus ventralis intermedius (Vim) at high (130‐Hz) frequency has been used over the last 8 years as a treatment in 134 patients with movement disorders (91 Parkinson's disease [PD], 23 essential tremor [ET], 21 various dyskinesias and dystonias, including four multiple sclerosis [MS]), implanted with long‐term electrodes connected to a programable stimulator. In PD patients, tremor was selectively suppressed for ≤11 years. In ET patients, results were satisfactory, but in 35% of the cases deteriorated with time, when tremor had an action component. Other types of dyskinesias were much less influenced. Sixty‐eight patients were bilaterally implanted, and 14 were implanted contralateral to a previous thalamotomy. Side effects were often minor, well tolerated, and immediately reversible. Three secondary scalp infections led to temporary removal of implanted material. There was no permanent morbidity. Long‐term Vim stimulation, which is reversible, adaptable, and well tolerated, even by bilaterally operated‐on (68 of 134) and by elderly patients, should replace thalamotomy in the regular surgical treatment of parkinsonian and essential tremors. More recently, we stimulated the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in 51 patients (44 bilateral) and the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in 12 patients (seven bilateral). STN stimulation has a spectacular effect on akinesia and rigidity and may improve the patients so as to maintain them all day at a level similar to their best "on" periods. A 30–50% reduction in drug dosage was possible in most of the patients. GPi stimulation has indications and effects similar to those of pallidectomy: abnormal involuntary movements are totally suppressed, whereas effects on akinesia and rigidity are not so important as they are with STN stimulation. For all three targets, morbidity is low and reversible, even when bilateral implantations are performed. The deep‐brain stimulation method has now proved its safety as compared with ablative surgery and is able to provide a significant improvement to these severely disabled patients. Long‐term follow up is establishing the security of the method, which should be considered in earlier stages of the disease actively to participate to rehabilitation.


High-tech talent is one of the important social resources such as energy and material, and introducing high-tech talent is an important strategy for the development of national science and technology. To extract high-tech talent information of variety research fields from massive websites. Firstly, we study the principles of Web crawler and Web data Extraction in the paper. Then taking the U.S universities as an example, we propose an intelligent method and procedure which can extract scholars name information from websites. Finally, we apply a classification algorithm to identify Chinese scholars working at overseas and verify the validity of the method in the experimental system. The accuracy of the classification algorithm is higher than 90%, the average accuracy of result information is higher than 77%.


Abstract Objective Our main goal was to evaluate whether a treatment protocol based on the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for second-trimester foetal loss was more effective than misoprostol monotherapy. Methods This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional two-centre study of women receiving treatment for second-trimester pregnancy loss. Patients were recruited in two centres that used different treatment protocols: combined mifepristone–misoprostol treatment or misoprostol monotherapy. Results A total of 99 patients were included in the study: 41 in the mifepristone–misoprostol combined treatment group and 58 in the misoprostol monotherapy group. The combined treatment group had shorter times to expulsion and shorter hospitalisations, as well as higher rates of hospital discharge within 24 h and complete abortion within the first 6 h and 12 h. There were no differences regarding secondary effects and complication rates. Conclusion A combination of mifepristone and misoprostol appears to be a feasible option for the treatment of second-trimester pregnancy loss.


Rig Design for Mechanical Engineering is an important and necessary issue in various engineering fields. All engineers and professionals need the basic knowledge about this subject to improve their skills and practice on how to establish their own test rigs in terms of design and material requirement (Stress Analysis), process and control tooling, manufacturing, measuring instruments, equipment, and the use of sophisticated and skillful computer software programs. The reader is assumed to be familiar with the preliminary courses of strength of materials and stress analysis. In order to cover most types of experimental test rigs used in for the stress analysis research works, this book is divided into four chapters: Chapter one is about 'Static and Dynamic Analysis' topic presented in terms of three cases, chapter two is about 'Residual Stress & Shoot Penning Analysis' topic introduced in terms of three research studies, chapter three is about 'Stress Analysis of Composite Materials' topic demonstrated in terms of two research investigations and chapter four is about 'Stress Analysis of Metal Forming' topic demonstrated in terms of two research works.


The solutions of the virtual reality techniques were discussed in respects of product shaping, colordesign, surface materials, and man-machine engineering by means of making comparisons with various virtual reality techniques.


This paper studies a redistribution problem with heterogeneous beliefs, heterogeneous information and aggregate risk. A Pareto planner assigns consumption to two agents who differ in their initial priors over a common set of forecasting models of aggregate endowment. One of the agents receives a privately observed taste shock. Agents doubt their forecasting models. We use Hansen-Sargent "multiplier-preferences" to represent these doubts by specifying sets of probability distributions close to the forecasting models. To obtain decisions that are robust to model misspecifications, agents construct "ex-post" beliefs that rationalize choices and provide lower bounds to their expected valuations. Ex-post beliefs differ across agents at histories where their wealths differ. Endogenous heterogeneity in ex-post beliefs generates a force that can keep long run inequality bounded in several settings. Wealth inequality affects market price of risk and motives to trade on public information. ∗An updated version is available at https://files.nyu.edu/apb296/public/papers.html. I am especially indebted to Thomas Sargent, Jaroslav Borovicka for their advice on this project. I also thank Tim Cogley, Lars Peter Hansen, Andrew Atkeson, Pierre Olivier Weill, Christopher Phelan, V.V. Chari, Larry Jones, Aleh Tsyvinski, Mikhail Golosov, Victor Tsyrennikov, Max Croce, David Evans, Jesse Perla, Chris Tonneti, Gaston Navarro, Isaac Baley, Andres Blanco, Anusha Nath and the participants at the Becker Friedman Institute, SED (Seoul) for helpful comments and suggestions. †Economics Department; New York University firstname.lastname@example.com


While dynamic linking has become an integral part of the run-time execution of modem programming languages, there is increasing recognition of the need for support for hot swapping of running modules, particularly in long-lived server applications. The interesting challenge for such a facility is to allow the new module to change the types exported by the original module, while preserving type safety. This paper describes a type-based approach to hot swapping running modules. The approach is based on a reflective mechanism for dynamically adding type sharing constraints to the type system, realized by programmer-defined version adapters in the run-time.


statistic and data mining, k-means is well known for its efficiency in clustering large data sets. The aim is to group data points into clusters such that similar items are lumped together in the same cluster. The K-means clustering algorithm is most commonly used algorithms for clustering analysis. The existing K-means algorithm is, inefficient while working on large data and improving the algorithm remains a problem. However, there exist some flaws in classical K-means clustering algorithm. According to the method, the algorithm is sensitive to selecting initial Centroid. The quality of the resulting clusters heavily depends on the selection of initial centroids. K-means clustering is a method of cluster analysis which aims to partition "n" observations into k clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean. In the proposed project performing data clustering efficiently by decreasing the time of generating cluster. In this project, our aim is to improve the performance using normalization and initial centroid selection techniques in already existing algorithm. The experimental result shows that, the proposed algorithm can overcome shortcomings of the K-means algorithm. KeywordsAnalysis, Clustering, k-means Algorithm, Improved k- means Algorithm


The objective of this research is to investigate the electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding characteristics of fiber reinforced composites. We fabricated glass and carbon fiber reinforced composites filled with metal powder and nano carbon black. The measurements of shielding effectiveness(SE) were carried out frequency range 300MHz - 1GHz for commercial purposes such as electric or telecommunication devices. The return loss and loss due to absorption were also measured as a function of frequency in the micro wave(300MHz-1GHz) region. It is observed that the SE of the composites is the frequency dependent, increase with the increases in filler loading. The Mg metal powder filled composite showed higher SE compared to that of carbon black. The Mg metal powder/epoxy composite was shown to exhibit up to 40dB of SE. The results indicates that the composite having higher filler loading can be used for the purpose of EMI shielding as well as for some microwave applications.


A recent development in a dormant tree spray is described. The spray combines a type of oil emulsion and Flotation sulphur in such a manner as to give an efficient combination spray for San Jose scale and peach leaf curl. The methods of mixing and the physical properties of the combination are discussed.


Purpose: Healthy foods refer to foods that are safe for consumption, fine in quality and are nutritious in meeting the principle for sustainability of health. Recently consumption of healthy food has emerged as alternative approach for preventing form obesity and chronic diseases, that affecting Malaysia with high threat , in which unhealthy food consumption is now the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income social classes. The aim of this paper is to investigate on effect of the variable place on the consumption patterns of healthy food with mediating effect of consumer lifestyle. Based on that, this conceptual framework is constructed of four variables place as independent variables, consumption patterns of healthy food as dependent variable. Moreover, this research also proposed consumer lifestyle as mediator. Based on the arguments in the article, three major hypotheses were developed to refine our understanding of the consumption patterns.


The village is an area that has a low population density, homogeneous social interactions, works in the field of agriculture and is the lowest government body under the sub-district. The progress of a village varies, depending on its ease in exchanging resources for the lives of its people. Remote villages are villages that are difficult to exchange resources with other regions, so that growth is hampered. The presence of the internet is expected to be able to open access to information to empower disadvantaged villages, among others, by creating village websites. The website is one means of introducing villages to other regions, so that there is an exchange of products and cultures that increase the prosperity of the village. Based on this, the research aims to design a village website. The methodology used in this design uses the mechanism for designing object-oriented Unified Approach websites. This method provides two major stages, namely Object Oriented Analysis and Object Oriented Design, with the help of Unified Modelling Language (UML) modelling. The results of the study are village websites that provide information on agricultural products and processed products offered to other regions. Since this website can be accessed globally, information about the village can be spread throughout the world. Website information can be updated by village officials through training for six hours. System development can be done by providing consultation facilities between village officials and system makers. The conclusion of this study is that the village website produced can be used to provide information about the work of the village community so that it can be marketed to other regions. This website can also be integrated with school and marketplace web.


. Previous studies have led to the development of a laboratory model for a disease termed 'winter saprolegniosis', locally referred to as 'winter kill', occurring in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, raised in commercial ponds in the southeastern United States. In the laboratory, the onset of disease was routinely brought about by a combination of two related factors: (1) a rapid drop in water temperature which induces immunosuppression in catfish; and (2) maintenance of low water temperatures (∼10°C), which favour the proliferation of an ubiquitous fungus of the genus Saprolegnia to produce high levels of fungal zoospores (≥5 spores ml−1). In this study, two commercial catfish ponds were monitored for over one year to determine if the above factors occurred in the field and could be correlated with outbreaks of winter saprolegniosis. It was noted that passages of severe cold weather fronts were able to drop pond water temperatures ≥10°C within 24h and that such decreases in water temperature were associated with immunosuppression of the catfish in the ponds. Furthermore, when Saprolegnia sp. zoospore levels were ≥5 spores ml-1, the immunocompromised catfish exhibited overt signs of winter saprolegniosis. If one of the factors implicated in the induction of disease was missing, fish in the ponds remained healthy. In addition, the onset of disease in the ponds appeared independent of pH and oxygen, total ammonia nitrogen and un-ionized ammonia levels. Collectively, these field results confirm the laboratory-based hypothesis concerning the aetiology of winter saprolegniosis in channel catfish.


While HVDC assets are impetuously expanding worldwide, the design of HVDC polymeric insulation systems still contains unknowns. It has been ascertained that space charge plays a fundamental role in DC insulation reliability because of modifications it may induce in the (Poissonian) electric field distribution, especially when heterocharge is formed during voltage application. Heterocharge (charge close to an electrode of opposite polarity to that of the electrode) can increase the electric field at the interface between electrode and polymer, thereby enhancing injection from the electrode. This can cause so large a field concentration as to increase the conductivity abruptly and lead to insulation failure due to the electrical discharge process called, usually, thermal instability breakdown [1], [2].


Observations of GRO J0422+32 X-Ray Nova with the instruments of the «Mir-Kvant» observatory show that the X-ray spectrum is similar to that of the well-known black-hole candidate Cyg X-1 in its «low» state. In the standard 2-20 keV X-ray range both have power law spectra with no strong soft component while at energies higher than 100 keV an exponential cutoff is clearly seen in the spectrum in both cases. Such cutoffs are typical of thermal comptonization of low-frequency photons in the high-temperature plasma of accretion disks


Abstract. Rapid growth of urbanization and the spread of towns and cities affected by rising global changes, especially for the metropolis, make the need to review the management and delivery of services to citizens by local governments in terms of structure (either governments or people authoritarian)   more than ever indispensable. This revision is mainly due to the structural changes because of local governments resulting from the inability in sustaining the urban management, with the aim of achieving the new structure, effective services to the people with better efficiency on the one hand And the transition from methods and novice   processes of urban management to superior and transcendent processes that refers to good urban governance occurs on the other hand,. Today, good governance as an approach, particularly in the planning and management of human resources, natural, economic and geographical space of the country, region and city to achieve balanced and sustainable development, as well as the rights of citizenship is considered. Local government and urban managers responsible behavior and how to use laws and regulations in the field of urban management and the process of interaction between city managers and citizens at various levels, explains the type of urban governance. Therefore performing research based on the principles and criteria of good governance and urban planning to promote it is considered undeniable necessity. This study by assessing the criteria of Transparency, Rule of law and Justice investigated good governance   in Mashhad. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and is applicable; to achieve this goal, the populations with a sample size of 390 subjects were interviewed and 30 questionnaires were analyzed from urban managers in Delphi (expert opinion). The results show that the indicators discussed in the context of good governance in a metropolitan city Mashhad index of transparency is 2.15, rule of law 2.69 and justice is 2.48 according to the opinion of citizen, while according to the opinion of urban managers, Average rule of law is 2.86, transparency 2.69, justice is 3.07 And city managers have evaluated index of transparency, rule of law and justice more than   the citizens and the difference is also significant at the 0.05 level. This shows the difference between the purposes of the survey in view of the importance of studied indicators.


Manufacturing organizations and researchers have spent much effort in reducing manufacturing cycle times by improving manufacturing planning, control systems, operator allocation schemes and sophisticated scheduling procedures. Recently, some researchers have proposed data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a tool for operator allocation. In order to eliminate the inconsistency caused by using different frontier facets to calculate efficiency, common set of weights DEA models have been developed, under which a group of decision making units (DMUs) can be ranked for a specific period. So we use common set of weight concept in DEA for operator allocation in cellular manufacturing system (CMS).


Abstract : The interaction of water drops of diameters in the range of 20 to 200 micrometers with reentry vehicle bow shocks was investigated with a microscope/Q-spoiled laser camera system. A single stream of water drops was generated on the trajectory of a Mach 12 projectile launched from a light gas gun. The microscope/Q-spoiled laser camera was used to obtain high resolution photographs of the nose tip region of the projectile as it encountered the water droplets. An analytic study of the droplet/bow shock interaction was undertaken. Calculations showed that droplets above about 20 micrometers in diameter should remain intact and impact the projectile nose tip in the stagnation region. In the stagnation region droplets of this size should experience little deviation from a straight trajectory (i. e., no sweeping action would be expected). These predictions were confirmed experimentally using the techniques described in this report. (Author)


Split the charge-non-planar embodiment of the memory device and a method for forming the same comprising a trapping region for example, it is described. In general, the device is formed with a thin film of semiconductor material overlying the surface of the substrate for connecting the source and the drain of the memory device channel; Tunnel oxide overlying the channel; And it split overlying the tunnel oxide charge-trapping region - split the charge-trapping region including a bottom charge close to the tunnel oxide nitride-trapping layer comprising a-trapping layer, and top of the charge; Is separated from the trapping layer, the inclusion, and the bottom charge-top of the charge by tunneling (anti-tunneling) layer-trapping layer is a thin anti-containing oxide. Other embodiments are also disclosed.


Contents Section 1: River and watershed management Innovative river action planning for the Upper Collie catchment, Western Australia Evaluation of the interaction between rivers and aquifers for water supply Analysis of long term hydrological records to assess the changing regime and pathways in oil shale mining districts of North East Estonia Detecting areas of vegetation change in the Densu River Basin, Ghana Section 2: Flood studies Flood control and small-scale reservoirs Flood risk assessment and management in Slovakia Application of a geophysical monitoring system on the tidal and salt exposed embankments in the Humber Estuary, UK Distributed flood model for urbanization assessment in a limited-gauged river basin Floods in East Siberia: damage and risks Repeated geophysical measurement: the basic principle of the GMS methodology used to inspect the condition of flood control dikes Uncertainty assessment for short-term flood forecasts in Central Vietnam Section 3: Hydrological modelling Application of the MSB coupled embayment pollution-flushing model to Queenstown Creek Estimating slope from raster data: a test of eight different algorithms in flat, undulating and steep terrain Analysis of adjustment of satellite precipitation for streamflow simulations Advantages of using both bathymetry and laser scanning technology for virtual inspection of water retention infrastructure and hydraulic modelling Use of a distributed catchment model to assess hydrologic modifications in the Upper Ganges Basin Application of BASINS/HSPF in the Koycegiz-Dalyan watershed in Turkey: a developing country case study in watershed modelling Estimating surface flow over digital elevation models using a new improved form-based algorithm Meandering effect for evaluation of roughness coefficients in open channel flow Section 4: River restoration and environmental impact Stream barb performance in a semi-alluvial meandering channel Regionalization of droughts in Portugal Long-term change of the River Liza, Wild Ennerdale, England Benthic communities and genetic structure of caddisfly Stenopsyche marmorata along a mountain stream fragmented by slit and unslit sabo dams Section 5: Erosion and sediment transport A hybrid Monte Carlo-possibilistic method to evaluate soil erosion in an Alpine valley Impact of selective logging and an intensive line planting system on runoff and soil erosion in a tropical Indonesian rainforest Sediment yield from mountain slopes: a GIS based automation of the classic Gavrilovic method Hydrologic properties and sediment transport in ephemeral streams Section 6: Water resources management and water quality River systems in transition: pathways and stakeholder involvement Critique of decentralized political structures in water resource management in Tanzania: the case of Pangani river basin Practical methods for water discharge measurements in fluvial sections A survey of river versus lake water supplied to a drinking water treatment plant in Alabama Determination of thermal stratification and its effects on water quality in dams using analytical methods


The article deals with the problem of adequate description of development of accounting reflected in historical research. Separate works are analysed and attention is focused on the вшіещкешщт of еру es-sence of circulating balance as the means of verificat-ing the rightness of records in the accounts, methods of correcting errors, sequence of realizating registration procedures. The author emphasizes on the need for a balanced interpretation of accounting categories and terms based on their essence, which is possible in case of studying authentic accounting books, but not their translated descriptions, and deep knowledge of the methodology and accounting methods. Key words: history, accounting, theory, double entry book-keeping, balance.


Acute necrotizing mastitis in a cow was investigated pathologically. The udder was firmly enlarged to twice the size of a basketball. Histologically, the epithelium of the interlobular duct of the mammary glands was displaced by necrotic debris and bacterial clumps (Grampositive cocci). The intralobular ducts were also necrotic. The alveoli showed scattered necrotic foci varying in size and containing bacterial clumps. The vascular walls of the interlobular stroma exhibited fibrinous necrosis with fibrinous thrombi. The liver showed centrolobular fatty and droplet degeneration of the hepatocytes. Extramedullary hematopoiesis was observed in the liver, spleen, adrenal glands, lungs and kidneys. The bacteria observed in the lesions of the mammary glands were stained positively with immunoperoxidase using an antibody against Staphylococcus aureus. Ultrastructurally, the bacteria were round or oval in shape and had thick cellular walls. Capsule-like fibrous material was present around the surface of the bacteria. Bacteriologically, Staph. aureus was isolated in pure culture from the mammary gland. These findings suggest that Staph. aureus caused the acute necrotizing mastitis. The pathogenesis of the disease was examined. Discipline: Animal health Additional key words: bovine mastitis


There is described a method which performs image integral calculation by generating a second vector, and generating a third vector. The second vector is added by executing a first instruction of alternating elements of a first vector to the respective adjacent elements of the first vector and the resulting summations in the second vector is generated. The first command also passes through the respective adjacent elements to the second vector. The third vector is generated by executing a second instruction which adds the elements of a page of the second vector to an element of another side of the second vector and is passed through the other side of the second vector.


Eusebius was born in Caesarea ca. 260 and died at an advanced age in 339 CE; he served the church for approximately 26 years as the Bishop of Caesarea Maritima, his home town. A less well-known side of this renowned church father is his political ecclesiastical career particularly within the Roman Palestinian orbit. From a strictly political stance the implicit message of the text is that the Christian territorial gains and appropriation of the Holy Land have been handed down by God to future generations on a silver platter dripping with the blood of the martyrs. Thus, already in the early twenties, the two sees of Jerusalem and Caesarea found themselves embroiled in an emerging all-encompassing theological conflict. Keywords: Caesarea; Christian; Eusebius; Roman Palestinian


In this study, the time-domain simulations have been performed for analysing the ship behaviour during berthing process with comparing the two different mathematical models for low and normal advance speed of a ship and the results have been presented. For the first step of programming, the traditional PD (Proportional Derivative) controller has been used for the control of speed and rudder and a tanker ship has been used as a simulation model. This study provides comparative results on the time-domain simulation of berthing operation of a ship for developing an effective simulation programme.


Seventy-six patients after the reconstructive surgery on carotid arteries underwent neuropsychological testing with the MMSE, the FAB, the Clock Drawing Test at baseline and 8-10 days and 3 months after the surgery. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: 20 patients with predominant lesions of one internal carotid artery (group 1), 22 patients with bilateral carotid stenosis (group 2) and 34 patients with the combination of lesions of carotid and vertebrobasilar system (group 3). The association between the rate of spreading of atherosclerotic processes in cerebral vessels and cognitive disorders was shown. The positive effect of reconstructive surgery on cognitive functions of patients was confirmed.


Recent work in clinical AI has been focusing on solving tasks that involve both image understanding and reading comprehension. In this study, we further pursue this line of research and introduce the first Visual Dialog task in Radiology, which adds complexity to existing tasks. We present our data collection strategy for both silver and gold-standard datasets for chest x-ray images and discuss associated challenges. We evaluate a Stacked Attention Network model, commonly used for Visual Question answering in medical domain, and provide baseline results indicating the difficulty of the task.


Academic dishonesty among students reveals potential problems in the teaching of psychology. In particular, a teaching pedagogy that emphasizes information delivery, and uses examinations as a method to discriminate among students aspiring for social and financial status, contributes to an academic climate of dishonesty. As a constructive response, I recommend that psychology faculty discuss with students (and with each other) certain fundamental assumptions of liberal education and consider how these assumptions relate to the discipline of psychology.


The primary nature of magnetic remanence in studied rocks was established by previous paleomagnetic studies Rock magnetic analysis indicates that the main magnetic mineral is titanomagnetite in a predominantly single-domain state with Curie temperatures between ~275 and 3500C. Scanning electron microscopy showed that titanomagnetite grains range in size from 0.5 to 1 μm. Individual grains are separated from each other and "sealed" within silicate matrix, which largely predetermined perfect preservation of primary mineral textures.


A study of a novel electrostatic approach to fine-particle collection was carried out on a specially designed test apparatus. Copper spheres were first electrostatically and then dynamically suspended between two horizontal parallel plates using an applied DC electric field. The sizes studied were 74-88, 102-25, and 125-47 mu m. The charged spheres, which were larger by a factor of 10 to 100 than the dust captured (mean diameter 2.4 mu m), were then electrostatically propelled into an adjacent duct where they scrubbed a crossflowing dust-laden gas by the processes of impaction and electrostatic attraction. The total collection efficiency of the device and the target collection efficiency of the charged copper spheres were studied. Both were found to increase with the charging electric field strength, the target particle diameter, and the duct air velocity. This research suggests that electrostatic precipitation based on the scrubbing action of charged solid particles is possible, and that total collection efficiencies of up to 99% cleanup (or greater) should be attainable. Fly-ash collection performance exceeding that based on theory with regard to the particle target efficiency was observed.<<ETX>>


The Principle of Functoriality has long been regarded as the centre of the Langlands Program. More recently, it has had to share the spotlight with Reciprocity, Langlands' conjecture that relates automorphic representations with motives from algebraic geometry. However, the two principles are closely related, and in any case, Reciprocity came at the end of the decade that followed the years 1960–1967 that are the focus of this volume. Functoriality famously had its roots in the seventeen-page letter that Langlands gave to André Weil in 1967 [L2]. He wrote some of the details shortly afterwards in the article he dedicated to Salomon Bochner [L3]. It represented a very different direction for Langlands after his monumental volume [L1] on Eisenstein series, which was largely analysis. Langlands credits Bochner, an analyst himself, with directing him towards number theory, especially, I believe, class field theory and its long-sought nonabelian generalization. There are several ways to introduce functoriality to a general reader. One is as a series of identities (reciprocity laws) that relate families of conjugacy classes c = {cp : p N}


A high-pressure installation for production of highly-compressed air comprises an oil-lubricated screw compressor (1), at least one downstream high-pressure piston compressor (2) and coolers (3) behind the compressors (1, 2). Branching off behind the last compressor (2) is a bypass duct (15) in which one or more expansion valves (16) are arranged and which is connected to the inlet of the screw compressor (1). By way of this bypass duct (15) highly compressed air is, for the reduction of condensation of water vapour and for expulsion of water vapour condensate from the screw compressor lubricating oil, expanded for a determined time during start up and shutdown of the screw compressor (1) and fed back to the inlet of the screw compressor (1) for recompression.


Aims of the study : As calcaneum is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone, so the knowledge of its morphometric featuresin different populations is imperative for doing external and internal fixation and also for designing prosthesis. Therefore the present study was conducted to measure the morphometric parameters of calcaneum in UP region. Materials and methods : The study was conducted on 1000 calcaneum bones available in osteology section of Department of Anatomy, KGMU. 500 left and 500 right calcaneum bones were measured for maximum length,anterior breadth,middle breadth, and posterior breadth. Mean± SD were calculated for all the measurements of left and right side and were compared to see the effect of laterality.Statistical analysis was done by version SPSS 15.0. Results and conclusion : Calcaneum of left side (75±5.78 mm) was longer than right side (74.24±6.13mm) and the difference was statistically significant (p value=0.001). Anterior width on left side was 28.52±1.95 mm and right side was 28.02±2.11mm;middle width on left side was 41.56±1.95 mm, on right side was 40.82±2.17mm andposterior width of left and right side was 29.93±2.08 mm and 29.31±2.25 mm respectively. At all the three levels observed, calcaneum was wider on left side as compared to right and the difference was statistically highly significant (p value <0.001). In present study left dominant pattern in all the measurements of calcaneum was observed.


We prove that the order complex of a geometric lattice has a convex ear decomposition. As a consequence, if ∆(L) is the order complex of a rank (r+1) geometric lattice L, then the for all i ≤ r/2 the h-vector of ∆(L) satisfies, hi−1 ≤ hi and hi ≤ hr−i. We also obtain several inequalities for the flag h-vector of ∆(L) by analyzing the weak Bruhat order of the symmetric group. As an application, we obtain a zonotopal cd-analogue of the Dowling-Wilson characterization of geometric lattices which minimize Whitney numbers of the second kind. In addition, we are able to give a combinatorial flag h-vector proof of hi−1 ≤ hi when i ≤ 2 7 (r + 5 2 ).


The study of early bilingual acquisition in heritage languages continues to be a valuable source of theoretical and empirical evidence for both general linguistic theory and acquisition theory. The articles featured in this special issue corroborate this by providing new data and analysis in a number of key morphosyntactic and prosodic areas of Romance languages, offering new insights to long-standing issues in bilingual acquisition. Specific areas include, interface vulnerability as a source of problems in bilingual children's acquisition, incomplete acquisition as an explanation for heritage speaker's non-target language, the effects of quality and frequency of input exposure in bilingual children and the effects of language contact on language acquisition. In this commentary, the main findings, contributions and merits of the articles are discussed in the context of language development and bilingual acquisition; links with existing relevant discussions and debates are highlighted; and possible paths for future research are suggested.


The atypical situation produced by the Covid-19 pandemic has led governments to make decisions in the educational sector to solve with immediacy the contingencies produced by the health crisis. This study carries out a comparative-descriptive systematization between two countries, Ecuador and Mexico, analyzing 60 official documents based on four units of analysis connected to educational public policies: social competence, diagnosis, program, and proposed actions. The results show that, although there are common actions such as the suspension of classes and telework, virtual learning programs – "Aprende en Casa" Mexico and "Educacion en Casa" Ecuador – there are also contrasts. Among these, it is evident that education policy decision-making in Ecuador is more decentralized than in Mexico, and that social competencies in Ecuador are oriented to administrative staff, students, families and teachers, while in Mexico, in addition to those mentioned, these also include media and government employees of the Ministry of Public Education. These findings confirm that the operationalization of the legislative framework issued during this emergency in the educational field will provide lessons for the return to post-pandemic activities.


The binary nature of direct-sequence signals is exploited to obtain nonlinear filters that outperform the linear filters hitherto used for this purpose. The case of a Gaussian interferer with known autoregressive parameters is considered. Using simulations, it is shown that an approximate conditional mean (ACM) filter of the Masreliez type performs significantly better than the optimum linear (Kalman-Bucy) filter. For the case of interferers with unknown parameters, the nature of the nonlinearity in the ACM filter is used to obtain an adaptive filtering algorithm that is identical to the linear transversal filter except that the previous prediction errors are transformed nonlinearly before being incorporated into the linear prediction. Two versions of this filter are considered: one in which the filter coefficients are updated using the Widrow LMS algorithm, and another in which the coefficients are updated using an approximate gradient algorithm. Simulations indicate that the nonlinear filter with LMS updates performs substantially better than the linear filter for both narrowband Gaussian and single-tone interferers, whereas the gradient algorithm gives slightly better performance for Gaussian interferers but is rather ineffective in suppressing a sinusoidal interferer. >


With a change in ambient temperature and discharge power, air discharge plasma can switch between two typical modes, namely the ozone mode and the NO x mode. Here, we analyze the physicochemical properties and anticancer effects of air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-activated saline (PAS) treated by ozone-riched gas produced in an ozone discharge mode, NO x -riched gas produced in a NO x discharge mode, and a mixture of both produced in the combined two modes simultaneously. The results show that gaseous and aqueous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generated by plasma vary in different discharge modes, correlating to the amount of high-valance nitroxides. In the ozone mode, ozone and minor N2O5 are generated in the gaseous phase and are transformed to aqueous ROS and RNS. In the NO x mode, low-valance RNS are generated in the gaseous phase but are transformed into less aqueous RNS. For the PAS produced by the mixed gases, not only the highest concentrated ROS are generated, but also the most abundant gaseous high-valence RNS are produced and transformed to aqueous RNS in the saline. In vitro experiments reveal that, although A375 cells incubated with these three PASs (30%) could all inhibit their viability by enhancing intracellular oxidative stress and inducing cell apoptosis, the PAS produced by the mixed gases has the strongest anticancer effects. Further studies suggest that high-valence RNS play a key role in PAS-induced anticancer effects.


We use simulations to predict the X-ray surface brightness distribution arising from hot, cosmologically distributed diffuse gas. The distribution is computed for two bands, 0.5-2 keV and 0.1-0.4 keV, using a cosmological-constant-dominated cosmology that fits many other observations. We examine a number of numerical issues such as resolution, simulation volume, and pixel size and show that the predicted mean background is sensitive to resolution such that higher resolution systematically increases the mean predicted background. Although this means that we can compute only lower bounds to the predicted level, these bounds are already quite restrictive. Since the observed extragalactic X-ray background is mostly accounted for by compact sources, the amount of the observed background attributable to diffuse gas is tightly constrained. We show that without physical processes in addition to those included in the simulations (such as radiative cooling or nongravitational heating), both bands exceed observational limits. In order to examine the effect of nongravitational heating we explore a simple model of energy injection and show that if this is the only mechanism operating to suppress the background then substantial amounts of heating would be required (i.e., 5 keV per particle when averaged over all baryons). Finally, we also compute the distribution of surface brightness on the sky and show that it has a well-resolved characteristic shape. This shape is substantially modified by nongravitational heating and can be used as a probe of such energy injection.


This paper presents a novel unsupervised segmentation method for the 3D microstructure in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images. Micro-CT scanning of resected lung cancer specimens can capture detailed and surrounding anatomical structures of them. However, its segmentation is difficult. Recently, many unsupervised learning methods have become greatly improved, especially in their ability to learn generative models such as variational auto-encoders (VAEs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs). Meanwhile, however, most of the recent segmentation methods using deep neural networks continue to rely on supervised learning. Therefore, it is rather difficult for these segmentation methods to cope with the growing number of unlabeled micro-CT images. In this paper, we develop a generative model that can infer segmentation labels by extending α-GAN, a principled combination that iterates variational inference and adversarial learning. Our method consists of two phases. In the first phase, we train our model by iterating two steps: (1) inferring pairs of continuous and discrete latent variables of image patches randomly extracted from an unlabeled image and (2) generating image patches from the inferred pairs of latent variables. In the second phase, our trained model assigns labels to patches from a target image in order to obtain the segmented image. We evaluated our method using three micro-CT images of a lung cancer specimen. The aim was to automatically divide each image into three regions: invasive carcinoma, noninvasive carcinoma, and normal tissue. Our experiments show promising results both quantitatively and qualitatively.


Andrew Jarosz explains some of the reasons behind the difficulties that afflicted Arriva's takeover of the Malta bus service on 2 July, the temporary measures it has taken to remedy matters and when the UK-based group hopes to fix them permanently.


Adult females of Eretmocerus eremicus and Encarsia formosa, aphelinid parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, are known to feed on honeydew and hemolymph of both whitefly hosts. Because these easily accessible food sources contain different sugars, we selected glucose, sucrose and fructose as host-honeydew sugars and trehalose and glucose as host-hemolymph sugars and determined the effects of these four sugars on parasitoid longevity in the laboratory. Each of the four sugars increased the female longevity of both parasitoids, and for Er. eremicus, there was no significant difference in longevity among the four sugars, but for En. formosa, trehalose had a significantly smaller positive impact on longevity than the other three sugars. We conclude that glucose, fructose and sucrose in the host honeydew and glucose in the host hemolymph greatly increase the female longevity of both parasitoids. We also conclude that Er. eremicus can also utilize trehalose fully in extending female longevity, while En. formosa can not. This suggests that host hemolymph containing trehalose is more important as a carbohydrate source for Er. eremicus than for En. formosa.


This paper describes how many known graph polynomials arise from the coefficients of chromatic symmetric function expansions in different bases, and studies a new polynomial arising by expanding over a basis given by chromatic symmetric functions of trees.


Features, evolution and modern trends of Language for Specific Purposes teaching students on non-language faculties of Volgograd State Social Pedagogical University are discussed to form a graduate ready for professional foreign language communication.


"Some Kind of Black" is Adebayo's first published novel, a multi-award winning work widely acclaimed by critics, a book which established its author as one of the most original literary talents on the London scene. The book is a nineties' coming of age story which traces a difficult year in