..............................................................................................................................2 TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................................3 Acknowledgements.............................................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 1: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE..................................................................10 1.1 Stillbirth: A Sociopolitical Issue.....................................................................................10 1.2 A Review of Gender Differences in Infant Loss Research............................................11 1.3 The Father's Experience of Meeting Their Stillborn Child.............................................15 1.4 Addressing Models of Grief...........................................................................................17 1.5 Constructs of Masculinity: Seeking Help.......................................................................20 1.6 'A Double Edged Sword': The Struggle in Seeking Recognition...................................23 1.7 Men's Loss and Therapy...............................................................................................25 1.8 Evaluating Psychological Intervention after Infant Loss................................................27 1.9 How Do Fathers Make Sense of Stillbirth After Therapy?.............................................29 1.9.1 Research Aims........................................................................................31 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY AND METHODS...............................................................32 2.1 METHODOLOGY: An Ontological and Epistemological Position...................................32 2.1.1 Phenomenology...........................................................................................................32 2.1.2 Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA)..........................................................34


In attempting to answer the question 'How is disability represented in plays?' two approaches are considered, one semiotic and literary and the other concerned with notions of stereotyping drawn from disability studies. The five plays on which the discussion is based are school examination set texts, raising questions about classroom discourse and interpretation. Pilot study data drawn from students' work in examinations are offered to suggest possible answers to those questions.


It is adopted auto control about bias voltage of Electro-optical modulator (EOM) to innovate the traditional manner that gives a constant voltage to the Electro-optical modulator. It takes an advantage that it makes EOM could have good effect in different temperature to acclimate all kinds of environment, because it always works at the half point of the zone of linearity. It uses photoelectric detector and error analysis to authenticate the drift of half-wave voltage of EOM. The PID algorithm is adopted to enhance a high precision auto control for the bias voltage of EOM system. At the end, the EOM with the auto control is experimented at high speed.


Abstract: Forestry in the Cerrado Biome have the potential to act as carbon sink and storage and can be used as climate change mitigation option through compensatory planting. The Cerrado occupies about 23% of the national territory, presenting varied physiognomies. The Cerrado sensu stricto (herbaceous layer with different densities of tree and shrubs) is the predominant physiognomic type with total extent of about 41.8 million hectares. The Cerrado biome may play a significant role on global carbon balance due to carbon storage and fixation. However, vast areas of Cerrado have been degraded as a result of extensive and frequent fire mainly related with cattle ranching. Planted forests in Cerrado are predominant comprised of eucalyptus, which are generally established on degraded pasture. Fast growing Eucalyptus boosts absorption of carbon dioxide from the air and therefore Eucalyptus forestry is considered as a greenhouse gas mitigation option. This study presents a preliminary evaluation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from planted forests in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.


is well written, short, informative and interesting. The chapter headings perhaps underline this point: "The Plastic Surgeon and the Newly Born Child" and "The Unexpected in Obstetrics" are good examples. Particularly impressive are the chapters "Infections of the Hand" and "Testicular Pain". The illustrations are excellent but surely there is no excuse for printing positive X-ray photographs when everyone has become accustomed to negatives. Other minor criticisms: the captions of a plain radiograph and a bronchogram have been reversed, and it seems unfortunate that in the chapter "The Prostate in General Practice" no mention is made of the Gibbon catheter, which has proved itself a most useful instrument. This book, while obviously of great value to the keen general practitioner, should prove instructive to any doctor whose interests cover a wide range of clinical medicine.


A composite ab initio energy surface is obtained for the HeH2 triatomic molecular system by combining earlier calculations that covered parts of the surface. The extended surface covers the full angular range of He relative to the H–H axis as well as the full range of He–H2 separations. As with all calculations thus far, the extended ab initio energy surface covers only a narrow range of H–H separations in the vicinity of 1.4 a.u., the equilibrium separation of ground state H2. In addition, a new parametric representation of the ab initio energy surface is developed in terms of simple analytic functions based on the physics underlying the three principal interaction mechanisms responsible for the energy surface, and collisional applications are discussed briefly. All of the interaction mechanisms give rise to three‐body interaction terms, an understanding of which is crucial to interpreting the behavior of the energy surface. This parametric representation reproduces the ab initio calculated values with a...


During rapid thermal processing, temperature non-uniformities are likely to occur because of increased thermal radiation from the wafer edges, or inappropriate illumination of the wafer. Up to now, despite the fact that the optical conditions of the wafer play a dominant role in temperature non-uniformity, little work about the effect of heating lamps and reflector arrangement on wafer illumination distribution has been published, if one compares with other topics related to Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP). Simulation software, using geometric optics, has therefore been developed to calculate the illumination of a wafer inside a RTP processing chamber. The main parameters of the analytical model are: (1) the processing chamber geometry, (2) the lamp number and location, and (3) the reflector characteristics. Each incident light component, i.e. direct or reflected, is identified, its contribution to the illumination of the wafer is calculated, and the corresponding contour maps depicted. Then, the heat diffusion equations is numerically solved in two dimensions, and 2D thermal maps of a 4' Si wafer are given vs. various experimental conditions, such as the effect of individually adjusting the electrical power applied to each lamp, and the impact of rotating the wafer.


Role of NitRogeN DuRiNg DR y-AiR oxiDAtioN of tiAlNbCrSi Alloy PRoDuCeD with MoulD CAStiNg (MC) AND eleCtRoN BeAM MeltiNg (eBM) The lack of room-temperature ductility of high-strength Tial-based alloys called for complicated high temperature processing limiting their application areas. introduction of additive manufacturing (aM) methods allowed to circumvent this disadvantage, but entailed microstructure refinement affecting, among the others, their oxidation resistance. The dry-air high temperature oxidation processing of Tial-based alloys is relatively well covered for coarse grained materials, but to what extent the Tial alloys are affected by the changes caused by the aM remains to be found out. additionally, the role of nitrogen during these processes was to large extent omitted in previous works. Within the present experiment, the mould cast (Mc) and the electron beam melted (eBM) Ti-48al-2nb-0.7cr-0.3si (at. %) rnT650 alloys were dry-air oxidized at 650°c for 1000 h. The TeM/eDs investigations allowed to confirm that the scale formed during such treatment consists of the layers occupied predominantly by Tio 2 +al 2 o 3 /Tio 2 /al 2 o 3 sequence. additionally, it was shown that n diffuses to the sub-scale and reacts with the substrate forming two distinct discontinuous sub-layers of α 2 -Ti 3 al(n) and Tin. The scale over eBM was noticeably less porous and nitrogen penetration of the substrate was more extensive, while the Mc showed higher susceptibility to local sub-scale oxidation.


In this study children´s questions during theme work about soil are analysed. Children´s questions are seen as expressions for children´s learning and sense making. Activities in preschool are abse ...


Using French surveys of six generations between 1998 and 2013, we examine the migration of university students and graduates by describing their evolving spatial patterns. Trivariate sequential and truncated probit model indicates highly educated youths tend to stay in the same region for higher education. Although they remain the majority profile, NonMigrants decrease in proportion over the generations. The increase in mobility is partly captured by the rise in Return Migrants. It demonstrates the relational anchorage of graduates and the risk for territories to engage in attractivity policies. This research work benefited from the financial support of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, CPER Insect. Citation: Bastien Bernela and Liliane Bonnal, (2022) ''Education, job and return migration of French University graduates'', Economics Bulletin, Volume 0, Issue 0, pages 275-287 Contact: Bastien Bernela firstname.lastname@example.com, Liliane Bonnal email@example.com. Submitted: March 16, 2022. Published: November 16, 2022.


Two strains, the Bibuna and the Bucyrus, of equine arteritis virus (EAV) were tested for propagation in various cell cultures. They were grown in primary cell cultures of horse, rabbit, hamster, cat and pig kidney, and in established cell cultures of baby hamster kidney (BHK-21/13), hamster lung (HmLu), African green monkey kidney (Vero) and Cynomolgus monkey kidney (JINET). Cytopathic changes were comparatively common to all cells, and characterized by rounding and vacuolation of the cells and by increased density of the cytoplasm. Most affected cells were detached from the glass wall within 7 days after inoculation. The infectivity titers of the primary cell culture fluids were 104 to 106 TCID50/0.2 ml, and those of the established cell culture fluids 106 to 108 TCID50/0.2 ml. Both strains were able to replicate in the presence or absence of 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IUDR). They were not stabilized by cation at 50°C, but were highly sensitive to ether and sodium deoxycholate, and moderately sensitive to heat and acid. The Bibuna strain was more sensitive to a high concentration of trypsin than the Bucyrus strain. Each virus formed distinct piadues 2 to, 3 mm in diameter on the monolayer of Vero cells. Serum samples were collected from 107 horses in Japan in 1972 and 1978 and tested for EAV antibody by neutralization tests in monolayer cell culture tubes or plaque reduction neutralization tests in Vero cells. No antibody, however, was detected from any sample so far.


Graphical user interfaces have limitations in terms of the information bandwidth they provide between users and systems. This can impede the redesign of system s previously based on more physical media: information may be less appropriately displayed, and shared cognition between users can be reduced . However, in parallel with research on new user interaction techniques, a more systematic use of visual design techniques can relieve those limitations. This article explores some of those techniques and how they can be applied, through a design experiment. Virtuosi and DigiStrips are two user interface prototypes developed within a research program on air traffic control workstations, which make use of touch screens and served as a basis for research on the use of graphical design techniques in user interfaces. This paper describes the lessons learnt in that experience and argues that techniques such as animation, font design, careful use of graphical design techniques can augment the possibilities of user interface design and improve the usability of systems. We finally analyse the possible enhancement brought in the communication between system and users as well as between the users.


Objective To construct a three-dimension finite element mode (FEM), including skull and maxilla, for the analysis of their biomechanical characters. Methods A voluntary healthy adult with normal relationship,healthy periodontal tissues and temporomandibular joint(TMJ)was chosen as a model. SCT image reconstruction technique and 3-D FEM were used in combination with Pro-E soft and ANSYS soft ware. Results A 3-D FEM of normal skull and maxillary complex was constructed. It included 129750 units and 207056 nodes.It could be observed at any dimension. Conclusion The finite element model had better biomechanical characters.It was feasible and effective to the stress analysis in the process of orthodontic and orthognathic treatment.


A method of producing a polymer composition for semiconductor optoelectronics, comprising the steps of providing at least one type of disilane monomer which is homo- or copolymerized to form a (co)polymer and then combined with nanoparticles to provide a polymer composition. The nanoparticle containing composition has excellent properties with high refractive index or dielectric constant.


This study verifies the referential relationship between the sentential anaphor 'it' and 'that'in English and functionally corresponding anaphors in Korean within the purview of semantics/pragmatics by a quantitative survey that zeroes in on the anaphoric selection both in ST and in TT. Referentially differentiated in two main aspects: the givenness(new vs. old)of information and the width (narrow vs. wide) of reference, these pragmatic properties between ST and TT are identified by an experimental survey, in which we confirm that a sentential anaphor 'that' is identified with a sentential anaphor 'kuke' when it refers to a new information, while 'it' with a 'kuken' when it refers to an old information, On the other hand, a sentential anaphor 'that' is identified with a sentential anaphor 'kuken' when it points narrowly to the utterance itself, while 'it' with a 'kulenken' when it evokes widely its relevant contexts in addition to the utterance itself. In the meantime, we can infer that the anaphoric forms in ST and TT have a statistically significant effect on the 'subjects'degree of acceptability (i.e. translation) for each anaphor in terms of givenness, and that there are statistically significant interactions between two referential properties and the anaphoric forms in both languages.


Concurrent activity of two access points on the same channel is analyzed in this thesis titled Analysis of Wireless Routers.
 First, wireless network and its workings are described. Most important protocols, frames, the history of 802.11 standard and signal transmissions in
wireless networks are described.
 The third chapter illustrates the Media Access Control techniques which are essential for wireless networks.
Used hardware and software are initially described in the practical part of the study. Then scenarios of measurements and their executions are detailed. The fifth chapter lists the results of measurements with explanations.
It has been established that access points which are concurrently active mutually influence each other in the way that reduces their throughput. The same access points used under the same conditions share the bandwidth equally. When different access points are used, there is a possibility that one becomes dominant using a larger share of the bandwidth. If there is only the difference of distance to the station between the two access points, the larger share of the bandwidth is used by the one which is closer to the station.


The present invention provides a solder, an aluminum wire body, and the use of the aluminum wire of the motor body. In the aluminum or aluminum alloy wire with a metal to be joined, aluminum wire body joining solder, the solder is an aluminum solder wire to the electrical and mechanical connection while the high reliability of joining, wherein the solder comprises: containing vanadium oxide glass and the conductive particles. Preferably, the conductive particles contained in the solder is 90 vol% or less, the oxide glass is 20% by volume to 90% by volume. More preferably, the oxide glass in terms of an oxide containing not less than 40% by mass Ag2O, a glass transition point higher than 180 ℃.


Behavior-based energy efficiency programs are gaining acceptance among regulators as an important component of utility energy efficiency portfolios in both residential and commercial market segments. Historically, such commercial initiatives have fallen under the auspices of "training" and were therefore not required to quantify the savings. However, as the energy efficiency benefits of these programs are being recognized and more utilities are investing in these programs, there is increasing interest in quantifying these benefits. This paper will outline a detailed approach developed over the course of four evaluation projects to assess the effectiveness and energy efficiency impacts of the Building Operator Certification program. This paper is not intended to present the results of a particular evaluation or to promote a particular training program, but rather to summarize the methodology developed to estimate energy savings from building operator training. The approach uses self-reported changes in retrofit and operations and maintenance (OM (2) collecting the data without a measure tracking system; (3) addressing energy efficiency activities receiving rebates; and (4) considering overlap between various energy efficiency measures. This paper will address questions including: How can one effectively quantify the energy impact of a training program like the Building Operator Certification program? What are sources for credible measure savings data? How can behavior change data be effectively collected from participants and incorporated into the analysis?


Abstract The Intel Concurrent File System (CFS) for the iPSC/2 and iPSC/860 hypercubes is one of the first production file systems to utilize the declustering of large files across numbers of disks to improve input/output (I/O) performance. The CFS also makes use of dedicated I/O nodes, operating asynchronously, which provide file caching and prefetching. Processing of I/O requests is distributed between the compute node that initiates the request and the I/O nodes that service the request. We present performance measurements of the CFS for an iPSC/2 hypercube with 32 compute nodes and 4 I/O nodes (4 disks). Measurement of read/write rates for one compute node to one I/O node, one compute node to multiple I/O nodes, and multiple compute nodes to multiple I/O nodes form the basis for the study. Additional measurements show the effects of different buffer sizes, caching, prefetching, and file preallocation on system performance. A measure of I/O system imbalance is also introduced.


Perfectly symmetric integration formula of degrees 9-15 with a minimal number of points are computed for the square, the circle and the entire plane with weight functions exp (-(x2 + y 2)) and exp (-(x2 + y 2)1 /2). These rules were computed by solving a large system of nonlinear algebraic equations having a special structure. In most cases where the minimal formula has a point exterior to the region or where some of the weights are negative, 'good' formulas, which consist only of interior points and have only positive weights, are given which contain more than the minimal number of points.


Discussion of the design and calibration of the heat flow experiment of the Apollo Lunar Scientific Experiments Package (ALSEP). The principal objective is to gain evidence on the bulk chemistry of the moon. The heat flow is determined by making independent measurements of the vertical temperature gradient and the thermal conductivity in the inner surface layer (the regolith). Attention is given to the errors associated with the experimental technique. The low thermal conductivity of the regolith layer presents both advantages and disadvantages in heat flow measurement.


The purpose of this research to determine, function MGMP in junior high school social studies teacher professional development in Komda Pati, the activity of SMP Komda Pati MGMP IPS in an increase in IPS Teacher Professionalism, the product have been produced by IPS MGMP Komda Junior Pati, junior IPS MGMP impact of increased professionalism Komda Pati teachers IPS. This research was carried out with natural qualitative descriptive. Total research situation as much as 48 teachers of junior members of the IPS MGMP Komda Starch. Analysis data with qualitative data analysis. The findings of this research are: 1) As much as 91% of teachers following the socialization activities of PKG/PKB actively. 2) As much as 95,5 % of teachers following the Workshop PTK with good socialization. 3) Amounting 61 % of teachers have been doing a plenary session I and II in Trowulan, Ronggowarsito, and Mount Merapi.


IT is with the deepest regret that we have learnt of the recent death at Home of Dr. H. M. Crake, Health Officer to the Calcutta Corporation. " Like many other medical men, Dr. Crake knew that he was engaged in a war with conditions that he could not hope to see swept away in his lifetime" remarks the Statesman. " Religious and social forms were all the time fighting against his desire to bring light into the dark places of the city. His epitaph must be that he wore himself out in public service, content that at the end of the day a little progress should have been made." Dr. Crake came out to India first as one of the special officers appointed by the Secretary of State in 1898-1899 on the first outbreak of plague in Calcutta, his services being retained in that capacity until 1906, when he was appointed a District Health Officer. His work in connection with the sanitary survey of Burra Bazar and other congested areas of Calcutta City prepared data of very great value for the new thoroughfares and town-planning activities of the Calcutta Improvement Trust. In 1913 he was appointed Health Officer to the Calcutta Corporation and was re-appointed to the same post in 1923, and again in 1926. Much of his energy in Calcutta was devoted to the establishment and extension of maternity and prenatal welfare centres and schemes, and the infantile mortality in Calcutta was always the subject of his closest attention. In conjunction with the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine he took vigorous steps


There have been a number of studies in recent years relating to the mechanisms of grain refinement of Al-Ti-B refiners. There have also been studies on the interaction of refiners in the cast house environment. More recently there have been several new grain refining products introduced, which have been the subject of their own studies. These new refiners have a number of specific beneficial attributes, which distinguish them from the traditional Al-Ti-B refiners. The characteristics of the expanding family of refiners are reviewed, and their benefits explored in terms of these characteristics. The paper also aims to give an overview of the grain refiners available and guidance on their choice in different alloy systems and processing applications. Chemical grain refiners based on Al -Ti-B are widely used in aluminium casthouses and foundries worldwide. They are a key part in improving casthouse productivity, allowing faster DC ingot casting speeds, resistance to hot-cracking, as well as improving surface finish and mechanical properties – at a typical cost of between $1 and $2 per tonne of cast product. The pioneering work of Cibula on grain refining started in the early 1950's. This l to the first industrially used grain refiners, based on the formation of TiB 2 particles in situ in the melt via the addition of KBF4 and K2TiF6 salts. However, this method suffered from rapid fade of the refining effect due to particle settling. The master alloy approach gave benefits in terms of providing 'ready made' TiB2 particles (as well as TiAl 3 particles) of a more controlled and optimised size. A major breakthrough in the development of the use of refiners came with the availability of the alloy in rod form, first used in the mid 1960's. This allowed grain refiner additions to be made outside the furnaces, thus further reducing the fading effect of furnace additions and also the effects of 'poisoning' in certain alloy systems; this allowed much lower addition levels to be made and a more consistent grain refining performance to be achieved. Adding rod outside the furnace put a greater emphasis on the need to develop refiners with clean microstructures; the major features to be addressed were to reduce boride agglomerations, oxide films and residual fluoride salts. Rod is nowadays the most commonly used form of grain refiners, accounting for over 80% of grain refiner usage. For many years the range of grain refiners available was mostly limited to three compositions all based on the Al-Ti-B system; namely Al-5%Ti-1%B, Al-3%Ti-1%B and Al-5%Ti-0.2%B. The Al-5%Ti1%B was, and remains, the most popular composition due to its high refining potency. The lower Ti content Al-3%Ti-1%B refiner was developed to meet the requirements to have a potent refiner, but not to exceed melt Ti specification s, which could be exceeded especially in plants with a high level of recycle. The lower B content refiners are used more specifically for production of surface critical products, to help reduce or eliminate the number of boride defects in the end product (simply by introducing fewer boride particles). The quality of Al -Ti –B grain refiners available in the market steadily improved in terms of cleanliness, grain refining effectiveness and especially consistency, during the 1980's and 90's. With the ever-increasing demands on the quality of surface critical applications, an intense period of development in the mid 1990's resulted in the introduction of Al-3%Ti-0.15% C grain refiner. The AlTi-B quality development took place over a 40 year period – this was effectively matched by a concentrated development period of just a few years for the Al-Ti-C system. Whilst this refiner has penetrated a relatively small proportion of the market, it has proved to give benefits in terms of reduced particle agglomeration behaviour, resistance to poisoning by Zr (for 7xxx alloys), and better surface finish in 5xxx series alloys.


Introduction: Vascular complication following biliary surgery is life threatening. Knowledge of variant vascular anatomy is a pre requisite for successful treatment. We report a rare case of a pseudoaneurysm in a replaced common hepatic artery arising from superior mesenteric artery successfully treated with coil embolisation. Case report: An elderly patient who was a known hypertensive and diabetic with past history of biliary stenting and surgical biliary exploration presented with melena and blood in abdominal drain since 3 days. An emergency CT scan revealed a pseudoaneurysm in the replaced common hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery. The artery with the pseudoaneurysm was coil embolised and the patient was discharged in stable condition with no active evidence of bleeding. Conclusion: Common hepatic artery can originate from superior mesenteric artery and can get injured during biliary surgery. Performing CT Angiography of the abdomen will lead to a quick and prompt diagnosis . Coil embolisation of the pseudoaneurysm is the first line of management in such cases.


Contemporary world is facing numerous bomb explosion attacks on public and civil buildings causing huge loss of property and human lives. As a consequence, the society needs more safety and protection for the existing structures against blast loads. Among the various strategies, one effective way to enhance the blast resistance of reinforced concrete and masonry structures is through retrofitting using various types and forms of fibrous and composite materials. This work presents an up to date review of available literature and publications on the fibrous and composite materials utilized for blast protection of structural elements and highlights the lacking areas where further research is required.


In order to analyze the characteristics of fine particles on the Korean Peninsula, the synoptic wind field, aerosol optical depth distribution, and surface observation data were used around the East Asia and the Korean Peninsula. In addition, the relationship and relative influence between high-concentration fine particles cases and meteorological variables were evaluated using the General Boosted Machine (GBM) model. In 2020, relatively low concentrations of fine particles appeared due to the weakening of the meridional atmospheric pressure deviation and the weakening of the zonal flow in East Asia. AOD around the Korean Peninsula was high mainly in Incheon and Taean Peninsula, and high AOD was found mainly in the West Sea due to long-range transport from China. In the case of haze or high-concentration fine particles in winter, the PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio was greater than 0.6, and the ratio increased during long-range transport. In the high-concentration fine particles case, the temperature, wind speed, and boundary layer height (PBLH) were lower than the overall data, and the PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio was high. When high-concentration cases were analyzed using the GBM model, the fine particles concentration had a high correlation with meteorological and temporal variables. As a result, the relative influence on the fine particles concentration was highest in order of year, week, air temperature, the day of the week, relative humidity, PBLH, hour, wind direction, and wind speed.


Nutrition has influence in vision. Important nutrients, such as vitamins A, C, D and E, lutein and zeaxanthin have essential function on visual health. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the nutrition´s influence in the beginning or prevention of visual diseases like dry eye syndrome, cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. A search was made in PubMed, Infomed, EBSCO, HINARI, Scielo; using as key words: nutrition, visual diseases, vitamin. Were used 32 articles in Spanish and English languages. The 60% corresponds to the last five years. Trials have reported a prevalence of dry eye syndrome twice higher in females than in males; it´s related with vitamin D deficiency. Trials with vitamin D and omega-3 supplements have shown relief of the illness. Cataract, the principal cause of reversible blindness on the world, it´s related with vitamin C and E deficiency. Vitamin A, lutein and zeaxanthin have influence in age-related macular degeneration. As conclusions, this study gives information about the actual stated of nutrition and its relationship with the beginning or prevention of some visual diseases.


The polymers of 2-ethyl-, 2-isopropyl-, and 2-n-amyl-1,3-butadiene alone, and their copolymers with styrene and with butadiene have been prepared and characterized. These monomers give the same ratio of 1,2 to 1,4 addition as has been noted for isoprene. Much less mercaptan must be used with these monomers than is required for butadiene to give soluble polymers. All these monomers copolymerize with styrene readily but have higher Wall α values than butadiene. The stress-strain properties and Gehman low-temperature properties of all of the new polymers have been determined by the Government Laboratories, University of Akron, and are included in this report. There appear to be no unusual properties to be noted.


Synopsis A new generic name, Niryasaburnia, is established for the Cretaceous Liburnia burmitina Cockerell described from Burmese amber. This new genus can be placed in the family Achilidae and supertribe Apatesonites, but is of uncertain tribal position.


Helma Sanders-Brahms', Germany Pale Mother(Deutschland, bleiche Mutter) was released in 1979 to a less than enthusiastic response. The film was criticised for its choice of subject matter and for its presentation of German women as victimised and masochistic. It was claimed as well that SandersBrahms had failed to «historicize the events in the lives of the main characters» and that while the film drew on familiar symbols and chronological references, these were no more than a director's sleight of hand behind which Sanders- Brahms had decontextualized the experiences of her characters placing them outside history. Most commentators, in fact, have shared Eric Santner's assessment that the film passed up the opportunity to undertake a «sustained emotional confrontation with the Nazi past.»


Involvement in custody cases that include accusations of parental alienation—whether as an evaluator, expert witness, lawyer, judge, therapist, provider of a specialized intervention, or researcher—incurs both professional and personal risks. Some risks relate to false negative or false positive identifications of parental alienation that can lead to regulatory agency complaints and public condemnation by the parent who feels wronged by the case outcome. Other risks stem from providing services in an emerging area of practice and working with children who overtly oppose repairing the relationshipwith their rejected parent. These risks include: unfounded accusations of mistreating children; negatively biased commentary and sensationalist attacks in the media and in social media, professional conferences and journals, and in courtroom testimony; harassment, vilification, and invasion of privacy; threats of violence and public humiliation; shunning and rumor spreading by colleagues; and complaints to regulatory agencies. This article examines circumstances, beliefs, and dynamics that give rise to these risks, suggests precautions to reduce the risk of false accusations against professionals, and offers recommendations for dealing with regulatory agencies. Criticisms that a court or service provider has mistreated a child merit careful scrutiny in the context of the case evidence and empirical data. While some interventions for alienated children raise legitimate concerns, others have been maligned by anecdotal complaints that studies showdo not represent the experience of most participants.


Abstract Analysis of sensitivity of bioretention cell design elements to their hydrologic performances is meaningful in offering theoretical guidelines for proper design. Hydrologic performance of bioretention cells was facilitated with consideration of four metrics: the overflow ratio, groundwater recharge ratio, ponding time, and runoff coefficients. The storm water management model (SWMM) and the bioretention infiltration model RECARGA were applied to generating runoff and outflow time series for calculation of hydrologic performance metrics. Using a parking lot to build a bioretention cell, as an example, the Morris method was used to conduct global sensitivity analysis for two groups of bioretention samples, one without underdrain and the other with underdrain. Results show that the surface area is the most sensitive element to most of the hydrologic metrics, while the gravel depth is the least sensitive element whether bioretention cells are installed with underdrain or not. The saturated infiltration rate of planting soil and the saturated infiltration rate of native soil are the other two most sensitive elements for bioretention cells without underdrain, while the saturated infiltration rate of native soil and underdrain size are the two most sensitive design elements for bioretention cells with underdrain.


References Noh, Y., W.G. Cheon, S.Y. Hong, S. Raasch, 2003: Improvement of the K2profile model for the planetary boundary layer based on large eddy simulation data, Bound.2 Layer Meteor., 107, 4012427. Meijninger, W.M.L., O.K. Hartogensis, W. Kohsiek, J.C.B. Hoedjes, R.M. Zuurbier, H.A.R. DeBruin, 2002: Determination of area2averaged sensible heat fluxes with a large aperture scintillometer over a heterogeneous surface2Flevoland field experiment. Bound.2Layer Meteor., 105, 37262. Steeneveld, G.J., T. Mauritsen, E.I.F. de Bruijn, J. Vila2Guerau de Arellano, G. Svensson, A.A.M. Holtslag, 2008: Evaluation of limited area models for the representation of the diurnal cycle and contrasting nights in CASES99. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., 47, 8692887. Troen, I.B., L. Mahrt, 1986: A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer; sensitivity to surface evaporation, Boundary2Layer Meteor., 37, 1292148. (oC)


Aim:  The purpose of the present study was to compare and analyze differences in antepartal fetal heart rate (FHR) parameters during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in normal fetuses and fetuses with nuchal cord (NC).


In this article I examine the aesthetic properties of rural German architecture, Nazi ideology, and their manifestation at the death camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Architecture sutures together the gap between the ideological demands made on a people and the reality of those demands in their execution and spatial expression. Jacques Lacan's theory of the Real and Slavoj Žižek's theory of fantasy as the support for reality provide the theoretical framework from which I examine the architecture used at the camps. I posit a theory connecting the horror of the death camps, Nazi architecture, Volkish thought, and the Nazi utopian city of Auschwitz. I conclude that the convergence of these historical, architectural, and ideological aspects are evident in the buildings at Auschwitz I and Birkenau, and reveal how the practices of daily Nazi life and antisemitism work together to become a fantasy that sustains the consistency and meaning of Nazism.


The noise from vehicular pavement on interaction, can cause the highest of the noise in a city, depending on factors such as traffic conditions, type of vehicle and driving behavior (acceleration, braking, cornering ascent or descent); contact forces that vary in the time and this produce vibrations of the sound emitting noise.

Due to so environmental authorities in Colombia this situation is not relevant environmental impact, economic and social impact, generated noise, and additionally it is a problem for the residents of areas near roads, this article is to show the importance of the use of certain types of asphalt mixtures with noise absorption properties, which can be used on pavements and to mitigate the effect of noise due to vehicular traffic on the pavements.


This paper is concerned with the nature of scrambling and its status in the general theory of movement. It is well known that (Japanese) scrambling has properties that are apparently not shared by other kinds of movement. There have thus been a lot of work on this topic and many proposals have been made to account for those properties (see, among others, Boskovic 2004, Boskovic and Takahashi 1998, Fukui 1986, 1993, Grewendorf and Sabel 1999, Kawamura 2004, Kitahara 2002, Ko 2007, Kuroda 1988, Miyagawa 1997, 2005, 2006, Nemoto 1993, Nishigauchi 2002, Oka 1989, Saito 1985, 1989, 1992, 2003, 2005, Saito and Fukui 1998, Sauerland 1999, Tada 1990, 1993, Takano 1995, 1998, and Yamashita 2006). Given this backdrop, this article aims to make a contribution toward a better understanding of the nature of scrambling from a novel perspective, by looking at its interaction with control in Japanese. I will show that a close examination of scrambling out of an obligatory control clause (i.e., the complement clause of an obligatory control construction) in Japanese reveals interesting asymmetries in binding effects that have previously been unnoticed. I will propose that these newly discovered facts can be accounted for only if the following two claims hold: (i) unlike the previous view to the contrary, scrambling out of an obligatory control clause behaves exactly like scrambling out of a finite clause and (ii) obligatory control involves movement of the controller. I will also discuss new issues that arise from this proposal about the nature of movement.


An experiment was conducted at ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar during kharif season (2012 and 2013) for improving the productivity and profitability of mixed pasture involving cenchrus grass (Cenchrus setigerus) and dolichos (Dolichus lablab) legume. The nutrient management involving organic sources comprised contr ol, sheep manure (10 t/ha), vermicompost(3 t/ha) and sheep manure (5 t/ha) + vermicompost(1.5 t/ha) were evaluated. The results revealed that green and dry fodder yield, protein content and nutrients increased significantly (P<0.05) under different row proportions of Cenchrus and Dolichos. The maximum green fodder yield of 13.98 t/ha, dry fodder 4.22 t/ha and protein 84.3 kg/ha was recorded in 1: 2 row ratio of Cenchrus and Dolichos. There was 23.52% increase in organic carbon content under 1: 2 row ratio in comparison to initial soil status. Nitrogen (9.18 and 15.48%), phosphorus (21.05 and 34.30%) and potassium (4.53 and 7.06%) increased maximum in 1: 2 row ratio than 1: 1 and 2: 1 row ratios. The net returns (Rs. 21606/ha) and benefit: cost (2.29: 1.00) were the highest in 1: 2 row ratios. The application of sheep manure (5 t/ha) + vermicompost (1.5 t/ha) produced maximum green fodder (12.68 t/ha), dry fodder (4.43 t/ha) and protein (87.6 kg/ha). The organic carbon content enhanced by 38.23% with the application of both organic manures in their half doses compared to initial soil status and nitrogen (44%), phosphorus (39.7%) potassium (27.37%) also increased significantly (P<0.05) with the use of sheep manure (5 t/ha) + vermicompost (1.5 t/ha). Application of sheep manure (5 t/ha) + vermi-compost (1.5 t/ha) resulted in maximum net return of (Rs 23881/ha)


MARS is an integrated development environment (IDE) and simulator for MIPS assembly language programming. New features enable MARS to be a useful tool for discovery and experimentation even in courses that do not involve assembly language programming.


Since April 2008, health insurance providers have carried out health checkups and health guidance (HCHG) to insured individuals between the ages of 40 and 74. The purpose of this study was to find effective message channels to lead people to aware what HCHG is. The 525 respondents were obtained from the registrants of a Japanese social research company and were above 40 years of age (male:n=265, female:n=260, 48.4±5.5 years). This longitudinal survey was carried out by using an internet-based questionnaire. We did the survey in November 2007 (T1) and December 2008 (T2). The rates of awareness of HCHG were 47.8% at T1 and 77.3% at T2. The awareness level was significantly increased (p<.001). Major factors regarding the degree of awareness about HCHG were female (OR=3.74, 95%CI=1.44―9.66) and participation in health check up (OR=1.91, 95%CI=1.05―3.48), and health information from papers in hospital and pharmacy (OR=2.37, 95%CI=1.14―4.90). The number of reference message channels in the awareness group was significantly higher than that in the no awareness group (t (272)=4.82, p<.001).


Abstract : The Delft3D modeling system is often used to provide operational forecasts of littoral hydrodynamics. One method of providing boundary conditions to the system is to extract data from regional model results. Software was developed to extract data from results of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and to write DElft3D-FLOW boundary conditions. The software was used to generate boundary conditions for a variety of Delft3D-FLOW scenarios, and the generated boundary conditions were compared to the NCOM data. Futhermore, because the Delft3D-FLOW scenarios resolved the environment on the same order of magnitude as the NCOM data, the Delft3D-FLOW results and NCOM results were compared. These tests show that 1) the software accurately extracts data from NCOM results, 2) the software writes the boundary condition files needed for Delft3D-FLOW both 2D and 3D applications, and 3) the Delft3D-FLOW results agree with the NCOM results.


This study discusses the spice (clove) trade in Ternate in the XV-XVII centuries by Arab, Chinese, Malay, Javanese, Makassar, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and English traders. The importance of clove commodities in Ternate in trading activities makes Ternate one of the international trade networks. This research uses the method of historical science and the study of multiculturalism. The research location is in Ternate City, North Maluku Province. The results showed that Ternate played an essential role in trading activities as a maritime kingdom. The spice route is not just a commodity trading route but also a commercial process that allows the exchange of values and cultures that have helped shape the identity of the Ternate community today. The impact of culture can be found in language, clothing, art, food, and settlements. In other words, the clove trade involving various nations in Ternate also brought together cultures


The probability density function (pdf) of surface Electromyography (sEMG) signals follows any one of the standalone standard distributions: the Gaussian or the Laplacian. Further, the choice of the model is dependent on muscle contraction force (MCF) levels. Hence, a unified model is proposed which explains the statistical nature of sEMG signals at different MCF levels. In this paper, we propose the Laplacian Gaussian Mixture (LGM) model for the signals recorded from upper limbs. This model is able to explain the sEMG signals from different activities corresponding to different MCF levels. The model is tested on different bench-mark sEMG data sets and is validated using both the qualitative and quantitative perspectives. It is determined that for low and medium contraction force levels the proposed mixture model is more accurate than both the Laplacian and the Gaussian models. Whereas for high contraction force level, the LGM model behaves as a Gaussian model. The mixing weights of the LGM model are analyzed and it is observed that for low and medium MCF levels both the mixing weights of LGM model do contribute. Whereas for high contraction force levels the Laplacian weight becomes weaker. The proposed LGM model for sEMG signals from upper limbs explains sEMG signals at different MCF levels. The proposed model helps in improved understanding of statistical nature of sEMG signals and better feature representation in the classification problems.


Accessory mitral valve tissue (AMVT) has been defined as an embryological remnant involving the mitral valve apparatus (1-3). Importantly, this phenomenon might be confused with other cardiac pathologies (ruptured chorda tendinea, etc.) requiring a high index of suspicion for its diagnosis (2). In their recently published case report, Sehovic et al. (1) reported a patient with AMVT involving the anterior mitral valve leaflet and presenting with severe degrees of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and mitral regurgitation (MR) in a middle-aged man. In this context, we would like to comment on this case and further implications of AMVT: First, AMVT might accompany other congenital anomalies, including ventricular septal defect (VSD), mitral supravalvular ring and subaortic membrane (2, 4). Therefore, we wonder whether the patient (1) had any signs of spontaneous VSD closure [thinning of the perimembranous interventricular septum (IVS), aortic regurgitation (AR)], or additional membranous or ring-like structures on echocardiogram or surgical exploration. Second, AMVTs were classified into two morphological types on the basis of their mobility pattern: Type-1 (fixed) and type2 (mobile) (2, 3). The case seems to be a morphological type-2 AMVT (1). Clinically, an existing hypermobility pattern was suggested as a significant risk factor for systemic embolism in the setting of AMVT (2). Therefore, we wonder about the history of documented embolic events in the patient. Third, our group has recently elaborated on an alternative classification of AMVTs on the basis of their anatomical sites of attachment: Type-1 (AMVTs with attachments at the supravalvular level including left atrial free wall), type-2 [AMVTs on mitral leaflets, either freely swinging (type-2A) or attached to other structures at the mitral valvular level including aortic leaflets (type-2B)], and type-3 (AMVTs with attachments at the infravalvular level including left ventricular free wall) (2). Accordingly, this patient seems to have an anatomical type-2A AMVT. Interestingly, "miniature mitral valve" is a specific form of type-2A AMVT that has its own papillary muscle and chordae tendinea (2). Therefore, we wonder whether the excised material contained chordal and papillary structures. Importantly, AMVTs might also elicit variable degrees of MR (1, 2). Valvular tethering and distortion seems to be the predominant mechanism of MR (with an eccentric jet) in patients with anatomical type-1 and type-3 AMVTs (2). However, functional MR associated with systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral leaflet (mostly owing to the Venturi effect of LVOT gradient) seems to be more likely in those with anatomical type2A AMVT (2). Therefore, identification of a severe SAM pattern might confirm the presence of a predominant "functional MR" component, and might help determine the surgical approach (potentially favoring valve repair) in this setting. We also wonder about the presence and degree of SAM in this patient (1). Fourth, preserving the valvular structure has been the recommended surgical strategy in patients with AMVT (2). However, this patient underwent mechanical valve replacement because of the reported technical failure to access the AMVT (1). Alternative surgical techniques might allow mitral valve repair in similar clinical scenarios. In this context, we also wonder about the degree of mitral valvular degeneration and signs of other co-existing AMVT types (potentially associated with organic MR) on surgical exploration along with histopathological examination of the excised material (this mostly exhibits non-specific findings, including varying degrees of normal and degenerated valvular tissue with infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucous degeneration) (2, 4). Finally, the authors elaborated on the compensatory mechanisms regarding the late presentation of their case (1). Alternatively, we hold the opinion that age-related morphological changes (ventricular hypertrophy, sigmoid septum, etc.) might progressively heighten the previously insignificant LVOT gradient in time potentially leading to the delayed clinical presentation of AMVTs. Hence, adjunctive surgical modalities (septal myectomy, etc.), on top of AMVT excision, might be necessary to completely eliminate the LVOT gradient in certain settings. In conclusion, AMVT has been a potentially overlooked phenomenon because of its strong analogy to other cardiac pathologies. Moreover, this phenomenon has important pathophysiological and clinical implications, largely depending on its anatomical location and associated conditions (co-existing congenital anomalies, etc.). However, there still exists an absolute necessity to further heighten clinical awareness of this interesting phenomenon.


Field experiments were carried out during the North East Monsoon season of 1995-96 and 1996-97 with the objectives of studying the performance of newly developed rice hybrid in response to nutrient management practices and growth regulators. Rice hybrid TNRH-17 showed a good response to 175 kg N ha-1 applied in four splits along with K2O2 in both the years and gave significantly higher grain yield of 8.17 t ha-1 with foliar application of mepiquat chloride @ 1500 ml ha-1 at flowering stage. The highest returns and benefit cost ratio were recorded in the same treatment combination, compared to the other treatments.


One hundred and twenty (day-old Cubb) chicks were equally divided into 6 groups (20 chicks per each).Group (1) kept as control negative(non treated), Group (2,5) treated with lactic acid (1% in drinking water in 1st week then decreased to 0.5 % all over the experimental period), Group( 3,6) treated with symbiotic (1x10 8 CFU in drinking water during entire period of rearing) Group 4, 5 and 6 were orally infected with S. Typhimurium (Streptomycin-resistant strain) with infective dose 1X10 8 CFU at 4 th day old. Quantitative and qualitative bacterial colonization were reduced in treated and infected groups. Poultry Star® showed higher reduction colonization rate followed by Lactic acid compared to non-treated group. Hemaglutination-inhibition test (HI) against Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines showed an increase in the antibody titers in Poultry Star® treated groups (3, 6). Furthermore Poultry Star®was capable of enhancing performance, decreasing re-isolation rate of S. Typhimurium either from cloacal swaps and/or from (Liver and spleen). It could be conclude that Synbiotic and organic acid have great value on poultry production as growth promoter by either enhancing performance or reduction the intestinal colonization with S. Typhimurium as a model of pathogenic bacteria and improving the immune response.


Aerosol products by AERONET sun-sky radiome- ter measurements combined with air-mass backtrajectories were analyzed to identify source regions and pathways of air masses carrying aerosols to south-east Italy, and to determine the dependence of aerosol mean optical properties on advec- tion patterns. Aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine mode frac- tion () , single scattering albedo (SSA), asymmetry factor (g), and lidar ratio (Lr) at 440 nm were used to character- ize aerosol properties. The analysis of 5-day-backtrajectories ending in Lecce on south-east Italy and referring to 240 mea- surement days of the 2003-2004 years revealed that 32% of the measurement days were characterized by air masses coming from all continental European sources with the ex- ception of Spain. 3% of the measurement days were char- acterized by air masses coming from both the Southern Mediterranean Sea and the Africa continent, and the West- ern Mediterranean, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Atlantic Ocean. 62% of the measurement days were characterized by mixed advection patterns. We found that AOD, SSA and g average values were not significantly dependent on air mass source regions. In contrast, and Lr average values were quite affected by the air mass source region. AOD, , SSA, g, and Lr average values, which were equal to 0.29±0.15, 0.93±0.03, 0.93±0.03, 0.67±0.03, and 72±20 sr, respec- tively indicated that the aerosol advected from all con- tinental European sources with the exception of Spain, could be considered representative of "continental average aerosol", mostly made of water soluble and a small amount of soot and insoluble components. Polluted-desert dust particles characterized by AOD=0.29±0.05, =0.72±0.05, SSA=0.94±0.03, g=0.69±0.02, Lr=56±13 sr, were ad- vected over south-east Italy from the Southern Mediterranean Sea and the Africa continent. The Western Mediterranean, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Atlantic Ocean were instead responsible of the advection of maritime-polluted particles, which were characterized by AOD=0.27±0.17, =0.8±0.1, SSA=0.94±0.03, g=0.67±0.03, Lr=58±24 sr. Hence, we found that the aerosol load over south-east Italy was domi- nated by moderately-absorbing, fine-mode particles even if it was also affected by the minor contribution of desert and maritime type aerosol. The application of an aerosol mask to the data points retrieved on measurement days characterized by mixed advection patterns, supported last comment


This chapter describes how Bob Dylan was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature. Dylan is a rock star, or a folk singer, or a pop musician. He is not a writer, neither of fiction nor of poetry or drama. Pop music and literature are as different as painting is different from filmmaking. The chapter then considers how Dylan himself takes on the question of his relation to literature in his Nobel Prize lecture, which has been published in the form of a recording. As a young person in grammar school, he read many great books, and some of them impressed him deeply. He asserts that he engages themes from these books in his own songs. Dylan then adds that songs are made for singing the way Shakespeare's lines are made to be performed onstage.


Abstract An inexpensive and novel method of caffeine synthesis starting from uracil in six simple steps is described. Uracil 1 is first converted to I, 3-dimethyluracil 2, followed by nitration, reduction, and cyclization to theophylline and finally methylation of theophylline forms caffeine.


"The finest words in the world are only vain sounds if you cannot understand them." Anatole FranceThere are several different interpretations of what "computer architecture" is, and what the phrase means. An informal survey of professionals who routinely deal with computers was conducted to determine better the perceived meaning of "computer architecture". From this I hoped to identify potential areas of misunderstanding when discussing the various aspects of computer architecture.


The feature to be reconfigurable over the air interface is one of the main advantages of the SDR systems that offer operational benefit and considerable promises, but at the same time, introduces several important security issues like regulatory aspects, protection of contents, intellectual rights, and assurance of unaltered and appropriate software load. These aspects highlight that one of the main challenges in this field is the security of radio software download. The aim of this paper is to address the problem of secure radio software download in SDR devices, identifying existing solutions, comparison with regulations, and define a policybased mechanism to secure download reconfiguration files into SDR devices according to regulations, needs of the service providers and users.


Two classes of integer codes correcting low-density and high-density asymmetric CT-bursts within a <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ b $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-bit byte have been presented here. Unlike the previously studied integer codes correcting burst errors, here we study such codes with weight constraint on the burst. The proposed codes are compared with similar integer codes in terms of various properties, viz. memory consumption and number of table look ups. This article winds up with an idea of determining the probability of erroneous decoding and an approach for undetected error probability.


This paper studied a model of plankton ecosystem by nonlinear system theory, and considered the stability of equilibrium points.Also obtained the existence and uniqueness of limit cycles,and discussed Hopf bifurcation of the system using bifurcation theory.Finally, gave verification for the discussion in this paper by numerical simulation.


In reactor accidents that involve rapid overheating of oxide fuel, overpressurization of gas-filled bubbles and pores may lead to rupture of these cavities, fine fragmentation of the fuel material, and burst-type release of the cavity gas. Analytical rupture criteria for various types of cavities exist, but application of these criteria requires that microstructural characteristics of the fuel, such as cavity size, shape and number density, are known together with the gas content of the cavities. In this paper, we integrate rupture criteria for two kinds of cavities with models that calculate the aforementioned parameters in UO2 LWR fuel for a given operating history. The models are intended for implementation in engineering type computer programs for thermal-mechanical analyses of LWR fuel rods. Here, they have been implemented in the FRAPCON and FRAPTRAN programs and validated against experiments that simulate LOCA and RIA conditions. The capabilities and shortcomings of the proposed models are discussed in light of selected results from this validation. Calculated results suggest that the extent of fuel fragmentation and transient fission gas release depends strongly on the pre-accident fuel microstructure and fission gas distribution, but also on rapid changes in the external pressure exerted on the fuel pellets during the accident.


Some of the challenges companies are facing in the information age are knowledge exchange,
enterprise data search and effective collaboration. With the growing complexity of business
processes and amount of data and information that need to be processed, implementing webbased
technologies can have significant benefits on communication and collaboration between
staff, especially if they are working from separate office locations.
My thesis provides an overview and a practical technical implementation of Web 2.0 and
Enterprise 2.0 technologies and tools into a corporate network based on a collaboration
platform MindTouch.
Benefits of the technical implementation include:
 central document and knowledge repository
 improved collaboration
 enterprise mashups (reporting, web services, etc.)
 development platform
 connecting project teams to relevant enterprise data
 improved efficiency and productivity


Using multi-UAV systems to accomplish both civil and military missions is becoming a popular trend. With the development of software and hardware technologies, Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are now able to operate autonomously at edge. However, the remote control of manned systems, e.g., ground control station (GCS), remains essential to mission success, and the system's control and non-payload communication (CNPC) are facing severe cyber threats caused by smart attacks. To avoid hijacking, in this paper, we propose a secure mechanism that reduces such security risks for multi-UAV systems. We introduce friendly jamming from UAVs to block eavesdropping on the remote control channel. The trade-off between security and energy consumption is optimized by three approaches designed for UAV and GCS under algorithms of different complexities. Numerical results show the approach efficiency under different mission conditions and security demands, and demonstrate the features of the proposed mechanism for various scenarios.


Next year will mark the 90th anniversary of the great influenza pandemic of 1918, an event widely considered to be one of the greatest natural disasters in human history. Historians estimate that ≥50 million people died worldwide, including >450,000 documented deaths in the United States alone (1). Since then, the 20th century witnessed two more influenza pandemics, although fortunately none comparable in ferocity to the 1918 pandemic (2). Pandemics—epidemics so large that virtually the entire world is affected—have occurred several times in each of the last several centuries. Most virologists therefore believe that it is inevitable that we will experience at least one pandemic in this century, and very likely more. However, if a pandemic were to strike in the near future, it is likely that vaccine would not be available for at least 4–6 months (3). Antivirals, if effective against the pandemic strain, would probably also be in short supply. Few of these measures can be applied at pandemic scale, in which half the population of the world would likely be infected over the course of a year or more. We would be left with other measures, now termed "nonpharmaceutical interventions," to stave off the worst effects of a pandemic until a vaccine could be produced and widely administered (4, 5). Because many of these interventions, such as closing schools or shutting down mass transit, could be very disruptive to society, it is important to use effective measures in a rational way. But which measures are most effective, and how should they be applied? Do any nonpharmaceutical interventions actually help? Until now, there has been very little systematic examination of these questions. However, different U.S. cities showed marked differences in influenza attack rates and mortality in 1918. Some cities, St. Louis for example, appeared to have weathered the …


A 27-year-old female primigravida at 36.2 weeks gestational age presented nausea, vomiting, and yellowish discoloration of the eyes. On investigation, she had deranged liver and kidney functions, and USG was suggestive of Coarse Echotexture of the Maternal liver. We diagnosed it as a case of Acute fatty liver of pregnancy followed by Early Caesarean section and intensive supportive management. Active monitoring of Haemodynamic status, Metabolic status, Coagulation profile, Renal, and CNS function resulted in a safe and healthy mother and child.


Abstract Electro-chemical potentials of adsorbed hydrogen on active centers could help energy efficiency of oxygen transport in the aerated saturated refinery wastewater to be optimized. In stationary regime, by using of the same membrane diffuser, the true understanding of the spontaneous fastest parallel exchange of electrons by Boltzmann collisions and slowest oxygen mass diffusion transport by adsorption can be attained. This paper presents diagnostic of electrons density in the gas bubbles in aerated saturated refinery wastewater, according to the criteria of partial local thermodynamic equilibrium (PLTE). By the different stationary air flows, different water tank height and different motor oil content it was obtained that water entropy driven electrons density transport through the monolayer of the adsorbed air bubble controls energy efficiency of oxygen transport.


Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolises catechol-containing compounds, including dopamine. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether COMT is involved in hippocampal function. This thesis also explored the role of functional polymorphisms within the COMT gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and schizophrenia-related phenotypes. First, as part of a study investigating the role of COMT in schizophrenia, human hippocampal COMT mRNA levels were shown to be neither altered in schizophrenia or bipolar disease, nor affected by COMT genotype. Hence, functional COMT polymorphisms do not appear to operate by altering gross COMT mRNA expression. Importantly, this study showed that COMT is expressed in the human hippocampus. Second, the role of COMT in hippocampal neurochemistry was explored by studying the effect of pharmacological COMT inhibition on catecholamines and metabolites in rat hippocampal homogenates, and extracellularly, using microdialysis. Both demonstrated that COMT modulates hippocampal dopamine metabolism. Thus, hippocampal COMT is of functional significance with respect to dopamine. Third, the effect of COMT inhibition on hippocampus-dependent behaviour was investigated. The results suggested a memory-enhancing effect of pharmacological COMT inhibition on hippocampus-dependent associative and non-associative forms of short-term memory in rats. In contrast, acute COMT inhibition appeared to have no effect on behavioural correlates of ventral hippocampal function i.e. anxiety-like behaviour. In summary, the expression of COMT mRNA in the human hippocampus, as well as the effect of COMT inhibition on rat hippocampal neurochemistry and hippocampus-dependent behaviour provide evidence for a functional role of COMT in the hippocampus. Moreover, changes in COMT activity alter hippocampal dopamine metabolism, which could be a potential mechanism for the role of COMT in hippocampus-dependent short-term memory.


The purpose of the present study was to correlate the presence of minimal coronary obstruction (≤ 50%) assessed by coronary angiography with the presence of myocardial scar and ischemia detected by thallium‐201 myocardial perfusion imaging. The study included 83 consecutive patients (74 men and 9 women) with a mean age 55.4±8.5 years who suffered a first myocardial infarction and did not undergo thrombolytic therapy. In all patients, coronary angiography, left ventriculography, and exercise thallium‐201 tomographic scintigraphy were performed within 3 to 5 months of the myocardial infarction. Coronary arteriograms showed minimal residual obstructions in 37 (45%) patients. Of a total of 54 patients with ≤ 50% obstruction, 18 showed persistent defects and 22 reversible defects on thallium scintigrams. The present study showing estimated angiographic stenosis of ≤ 50% as being responsible either for myocardial scar or myocardial ischemia on postexercise thallium scintigrams leads us to conclude that percent value of stenosis does not accurately predict the pathophysiologic significance of coronary atherosclerotic lesions in patients who suffer a myocardial infarction. After a first myocardial infarction, coronary angiographies and thallium‐201 scintigrams are complementary for an optimal treatment strategy for selected subsets of patients.


A comparative analysis of modification of Raman spectra of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films containing encapsulated cobalt nanocrystals, their EM radiation losses and distribution function of nanosized fragments of graphene flatness constituting skeleton of amorphous carbon is performed. For this purpose, a model of confinement of graphene phonons by its fragments is developed, for two types of phonons contributing to the D and G peaks of Raman spectra, as a function of Co content.


Financial statement fraud is one of common means of false accounting. Authenticity and reliability of financial statements are doubted due to fraud. Recently, it is very frequent to see financial statement fraud of listed companies in China and there might be more frauds which have not been exposed yet. It is urgent to develop technologies for supervision of financial statements and recognition of financial statement fraud. Using new technologies to recognition of financial statement fraud will bring a fresh reform to the auditing industry. More importantly, using new technologies will surely improve auditing quality despite of decreasing labor cost and time cost.


A media cooperative study of foreign news and international news flow in the 1990s is under way. The objective is to define a New World (Dis)order geography of news gathering. PNG and other Pacific nations are involved.


The BSCW system is a Web based groupware tool for asynchronous and synchronous cooperation. We describe the system and the experiences we made with it serving as the backbone of a virtual learning environment for students. The field study took place in summer 1998. It demonstrated the usefulness of the system for students and teachers as well as the need for further research and socio-technical redesign.


12 ment. If we want our metropolitan areas to use space more efficiently so development is more compact and open spaces stay open, some public planning process is required. It invariably will interfere with some scheme of some private developer, and it invariably will require public resources. To date, only one large metropolitan area—Portland, Oregon—has reclaimed enough public authority to have a truly effective anti-sprawl program.


This article focuses on the power relations between former GAM (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka) elite and non elite in the post conflict reintegration policy in Aceh. A number of scholars have linked the post conflict reintegration to the GAM ex-commanders conflicts over predatory processes of resource appropriation. However, what is missing in their account is that the attentions to the rank and file ex-fighters, including female ex-combatants. The finding of the study suggests that the post conflict reintegration has provided opportunities for the former GAM commanders to build and consolidate their political and economic power. Since the former GAM commanders occupied the reconstruction space, they have captured the peace building processes through their predatory behaviour and patrimonial networks. In this context, the ex- commanders GAM elite has become a new dominant post conflict group while the non-elite group of the rank and file ex-combatants, particularly women ex- combatants, lost opportunities to enhance their welfare. As local elites are powerful, they have the capacity to select who are excluded from and included in their alliances. In these circumstances, the welfare outcomes from post conflict reintegration will be framed in terms of 'who has got what?', 'why?',and 'how?'.


There has been a significant increase in the number of studies addressing smart experiences in the context of tourism (SET). Nevertheless, no previous work has systematically and critically analysed the literature on this subject. To fulfil this gap, this paper examines the evolution of SET as a research topic by mapping the scientific production on it. To this end, 84 papers published from 2011 to April 2019 were retrieved from Scopus. To map this data, a blend of bibliometric analysis techniques, including the analysis of evaluative measures (productivity and impact metrics) and relational techniques (word frequency analysis and key theme analysis), was employed. Evaluative metrics were carried out using Plotly, Excel, and DB Gnosis software. The reviewed papers were then visually analysed through mind maps using BizAgi Process Modeler. The study presents an original theoretical insight, as well as a significant methodological contribution, as it employs an integrative approach of bibliometric analysis that relies on a set of rigorous techniques and can be implemented in future studies.


The four-membered ring compounds formed from N,N-dimethylaminoallene and acetylenic esters or ketones are converted into derivatives of 2,3-dihydroazepine upon heating.


With the increasing economic globalization and the cooperation system of division of labor in the automobile industry, the multi-core network complex cooperative relationship between upstream and downstream enterprises and automobile manufacturing enterprises is gradually formed. Therefore, the automobile manufacturing enterprises at the core of the industrial chain, how to effectively control the upstream and downstream cooperative enterprises in the wide area manufacturing environment, has gradually become a severe challenge to the competition of the industrial chain. In view of the above problems, this article abandoned the idea of traditional single industry chain evaluation, and innovatively put forward a multi-core and cross-chain cooperative evaluation scheme based on the cloud platform environment. First of all, a multi-core and cross-chain cooperative relationship model is constructed through using the industrial cooperative relationship between upstream and downstream enterprise clusters and core enterprises. Combined with this model, a multi-level framework supporting multi-core and cross-chain evaluation based on cloud platform is explored and constructed. Then, taking the evaluation of the downstream marketing chain as an example, the first-level and second-level correlation index system based on multi-core and cross-chain is constructed one by one. Combined with the internal relationship between the two levels of index elements, this article establishes a corresponding multi-core and cross-chain index weight system. In order to solve the problem of multi-core and cross-chain evaluation in cloud environment, this article constructs a multi-core and cross-chain evaluation model based on cloud platform cooperation relationship through the semantic research of cooperation relationship between upstream and downstream enterprises and core enterprises. Then the corresponding cross-chain cooperative evaluation algorithm is given to solve the model. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the multi-core and cross-chain evaluation method are verified by example and simulation. The method studied in this article provides a scientific and feasible decision support scheme to solve the problem of large-scale business collaboration evaluation for across-industry chains in wide area cloud manufacturing environment.


Map shows Washington Territory township grid, military posts, existing towns, missions, and lighthouses during the mid-nineteenth century. Includes legend. Relief shown by hachures. Scale not given.


Istvan Czachesz and Risto Uro (eds.), Mind, Morality and Magic: Cognitive Science Approaches in Biblical Studies (London and New York: Routledge, 2014), viii+316 pp. ISBN: 978-1-84465-733-9. $150 hbk.


Traditional vulnerability detection tools can hardly prevent host system away from vulnerabilities in variable system environment.A real-time vulnerability monitoring system based on host-based detection method is proposed in this paper,it combines host real-time monitoring techniques and vulnerability detection method,overcomes the drawback of poor timeliness.The paper describes the design and implimention of the monitoring system.It discusesses tow main aspects:use hook techniques to implement host monitoring and improve the open vulnerability assessment language,so that it can be used in real-time monitoring.Finally the paper gives out an validity test of the system,the result shows that this system is able to timely respond to the changes in the system environment,at the same time be able to accurately and effectively detecte vulnerabilities.It makes up for the deficiency of traditional detection methods.


The present invention relates to apparatus for use in mesotherapy procedure for injecting a gas or air and the drug in the skin layer and the subcutaneous layer to remove the wrinkles and skin. The present invention is a gas of a new method for implanting a drug in a state to put the gas or air to the treatment area when meso Terry blood procedure for implanting therapeutic agents to the skin layer and the subcutaneous layer and the layers separated to make room (or air) and drugs sequentially by implementing the infusion system, the skin layer and the exact procedure such as to effectively inject a drug through the subcutaneous layer, as well as reliable and effective as to a treatment other hand, in conjunction with the gas or injection of air and medication injection of the gas or air, or a drug effectively by providing the remaining amount check mechanism capable of interrupting a tube which is a passage, gas or air, or the drug residual amount of contamination of the surrounding due to the medicine or the like can be prevented from escaping in, and issues out an expensive drug leakage It provides a mesotherapy treatment devices that can be prevented.


A critical portrait of social history, Adrian Wilson the enclosure of English social history, Keith Wrightson living on the stage of the world - the concept of privacy among the elite of early modern England, Linda Pollock from Colyton to Waterloo - mortality, politics and economics in historical demography, John Landers a social history of plausibility - country, city and calculation in Augustan Britain, Simon Schaffer towards a post-Marxist social history - Thompson, Clark and beyond, Patrick Curry the crime wave - recent writing on crime and criminal justice in 18th century England, Joanna Innes and John Styles rough usage - prostitution, law and the social historian, Philippa Levine foundations of an integrated historiography, Adrian wilson.


In recent years, penetration of battery energy storage systems in distribution networks is increased. This is because of increasing interest to integrate energy storage devices into the power system smart grid. Integrating energy have simultaneously goal with smart grid, which are improve the reliability and satisfactory operation of power system. Battery energy storage system is as one kind of energy storage devices have some advantage can satisfy these goals. One of the main challenges in use of these devices is the optimal placement of them. In this paper, optimal placement of battery energy storage is obtained by evaluating genetic algorithm for minimizing net present value related to power losses in addition to its best operation during faced different percentage of load levels with specific electricity price for each level. In this paper in spite of most of research in the field of placement of battery energy storage, the load characteristic is considered multi-level to approach realty optimization. In addition, in this paper cost benefit of energy storage installation respect to the energy losses cost is optimized and arbitrage benefits of this installation did not considered. By considering this, yet the total benefit in presented scheme is higher than homogeneous works. To evaluate this optimization challenge IEEE-33 bus standard distribution network is chosen and to validation of efficiency of presented scheme, results are compared with previous similar works.


The present invention, by repeatedly converting the search query string based on statistics derived from the search query log and / or the Web data service possible alternative spelling for the search query string. This provides for a spelling checking means which can be influenced so as to provide an individual offer to each user. By using a search query log, the present invention can be described in the substring (substrings) to be received as a search query of interest but has vocabulary list. This is beyond the context of the word list, and allows a means to provide a higher quality of the proposal for the spelling alternatives. One embodiment of the invention operates in the substring level by using an iterative search word Uni-gram and / or statistics bayigeuraem (word unigram and bigram statistics) extracted from the query log in accordance with the. This substantially provides a better alternative than using only the spelling substring consistent for a given query. Other embodiments may receive input data from a source other than the search query input. Spell checking, proofreading, search query, string, substring


The reason about the deficiency of the low-temperature impact toughness of 20SiMn2MoV steel perforator after quenching and low temperature tempering was analyzed.Heterogeneous martensitic structure and exorbitant quenching temperature would lead to low homogeneous degree of quenching structure,which decreased low temperature impact toughness of the steel.Thus some improvement tests were conducted to the original heat treatment process.The results show that the grains are fined by secondary normalizing and quenching,and a mixed structure of some lower bainite and low carbon martensite is obtained by decreasing quenching temperature,adjusting quenching medium and controlling quenching time,which can significantly increase the low temperature impact toughness of 20SiMn2MoV steel.


it is the demand of every internet user to stay connected most of the time even if the user is on the move. The core focus of this paper is on internet connectivity with moving vehicles. Wireless internet access on trains is not a standardized technology yet, therefore, it has diverse and vendor specific architecture. The authors have presented the physical architecture of internet access on moving vehicles, specifically trains and the logical architecture to give a clear idea that how the service will work at each layer of TCP/IP protocol stack. In order to observe the data rates offered on board, and experience Wi-Fi internet access onboard, the authors chose Great North Eastern Railway (GNER) route from London Kings Cross station till Peterborough (UK). For the network data rate analysis the authors chose Bandwidth Monitor a freeware used to monitor network and Internet bandwidth. The authors observed the data rates on GNER Wi-Fi internet on basis of three different scenarios i.e., Basic Browsing, Live Radio(Voice),VOIP services and video streaming Consequently, suggestions for improving quality of experience and market penetrations plans to make this technology successful in terms of generating revenues for the operators are given.


To aim at the actual application of electronic countermeasures,a method for the hop rate accurate estimation is proposed for the frequency hopping(FH) signals.The FH signal with the short-time Fourier transform(STFT) is used to yield its time-frequency representation,whose edge information is abstracted by the wavelet transform(WT),and the spectral analysis is used to implement the hop rate accurate estimation.The method can absolutely avoid the effect of the spectral cross terms,and theoretical analysis proves the algorithmic feasibility.Simulation shows that it is efficient when SNR is greater than-5.5 dB without high sampling rate.


Nowadays, one of the major issues of the PEMFC concerns the durability. Historically, carbon has been used as a catalyst support in PEMFC; nevertheless, under the environmental conditions of the cell, the carbon is oxidized, leaving the catalyst unsupported. In order to increase the stability and durability of the catalyst in the PEMFC, a novel nanostructured metallic oxide support is proposed. In this work, TiO2 was doped with Nb to obtain a material that combines chemical stability, high surface area, and an adequate electronic conductivity in order to be a successful catalyst support candidate for long-term PEMFC applications. The TiO2-Nb nanostructured catalyst support was physically and electrochemically characterized. According to the results, the TiO2-Nb offers high surface area and good particle dispersion; also, the electrochemical activity and stability of the support were evaluated under high potential conditions, where the TiO2-Nb proved to be much more stable than carbon.


This paper reports on attempts to incorporate creative visual literacy, by way of student owned technology, and sharing of student-generated multimedia amongst peers to enhance learning in a first year human physiology course*. In 2013, students were set the task of producing an animated video, which outlined the pathogenesis of a chosen disease. Students were then encouraged to view each other's videos. Students in the same course in 2012 engaged in a purely written, non-shared task. The depth of topic understanding did not change between 2012 and 2013. Moderating for cohort variation, students in 2013 showed poorer overall learning outcomes** than students in the 2012 cohort. The authors speculate that the peer mediated aspect of the learning activity failed, and that the video task was disruptive to wider learning, due to it being time consuming and unfamiliar to students. * We refer to a "course" as a semester long program/unit of learning activities, around a specific subject, for which a grade and credit towards a degree is awarded upon successful completion. A full time study load at the University of Queensland typically involves four courses a semester. **By "learning outcomes" we refer in general terms to the knowledge and understanding of prescribed course content displayed by students through their scores for summative course assessment.


In rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed defatted soybean meal-based diets, increase of chenodeoxycholyltaurine (CDC-T) in the biliary bile as well as histological changes in the liver occurs. To investigate a possible involvement of biliary CDC-T on the occurrence of morphological abnormalities in the liver of rainbow trout fed soybean meal-based diets, histological observations were conducted on fish fed a casein-based semi-purified diet supplemented with CDC-T. A control diet (Cont), and two test diets supplemented with CDC-T at 0.05% (0.05CDC-T) and 0.5% (0.5CDC-T), and a soybean meal-based diet (SBM), were fed to rainbow trout for 6 weeks. The proportions of biliary CDC-T of fish fed diet SBM and diet 0.5CDC-T were higher than fish fed diet Cont. Hepatocytes of fish fed diet 0.05CDC-T seemed normal. However, the hepatocytes of fish fed diet 0.5CDC-T were atrophied, and the hepatic histological features of this group were similar to those found in fish fed diet SBM. These results suggest that increase of biliary CDC-T is probably a responsible factor for the occurrence of histological changes in the liver of rainbow trout fed soybean meal-based diets.


Alveolar macrophages (AM) are motile cells which clear the lungs from inhaled particles. However, AM motility is impaired if the engulfed volume exceeds a certain limit. This makes it interesting to study surface and volume parameters of macrophages in vitro exposed to various particles. Based on time lapse phase contrast images we developed a method to estimate the surface and volume of cultured NR8383 alveolar macrophages. We created a geometrical model of the macrophage which was based on images taken when cells were most spread and flattened. Further parameters necessary to construct the spatial macrophage model were collected from confocal image stacks using digital image processing techniques. Based on these data both volume and surface values of macrophages could be estimated


This article proposes the implementation of two Community Alarm System using the ISDB-T standard. The first model takes advantage of the current bidirectionality of the Digital Terrestrial Television system and uses the existing interactivity of the system to generate alerts in case of emergency. The second model proposes developing an interactivity channel based on TV White Spaces destined only for alert signals transmission. In both cases, the transmitted information frame contains a specific identifier depending on the type of alert and the exact geographical location where it was tried. The identifier is created based on the existing administrative distribution in the Secretaría Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE) and in the ISDB-T standard. This proposal arises as an alternative to the acceleration of the analog shutdown and as a projection to take advantage of the use of DTT infrastructure. The proposed models allows a decentralized and immediate administration depending on the type of alert generated, improving the response by the agencies in charge of taking care of security. Both models are evaluated in function of theoretical advantages and disadvantage.


A typical bearing alloy Al-1Sn has been subjected to isothermal holding in the semi-solid temperature range (400oC for 2 hours) instead of conventional solid state heat treatment. A detailed TEM study was carried to find out the root of micro-structural modification as a result of semi solid heat treatment (SSHT) of the alloy. Dry sliding wear testing of the alloy was performed under three different micro-structural conditions namely as cast, conventional solid state heat treated and semi-solid heat treated. It was observed that solid state heat treated sample performed better in the wear testing than semi solid heat treated one, though the cast structure modification was better after semi solid heat treatment than after conventional solid state heat treatment (CHT).


Abstract Some hydrophobic chemicals may reach plateau levels in fish only after several months of continuous exposure. Therefore, an accelerated test procedure, based on kinetics, was developed using an isomer of PCB's (polychlorinated biphenyls): 2,2′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl. The rates of uptake and clearance of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl were determined by analysis of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). These trout were exposed to 1.6 and 9.0 μg/liter for five days and then transferred to fresh water. A nonlinear regression analysis was used to estimate the rate constants for uptake and clearance, and the bioconcentration factor at steady-state was calculated from the rate constants. For 2,2′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, the bioconcentration factor at steady-state was 9550 ± 1610 in trout muscle. The accuracy of the bioconcentration factor determined by this accelerated test procedure was compared with experimental observations in a 42-day test. The concentration of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrachlorobipheny...


Environmental pollution tax is one of the most significant ecological levies to combat environmental pollution caused by fossil fuel burning. Ecological impacts and corruption are so severe that several nations have adopted an ecological pollution tax to combat climate change, contributing to global warming. Additionally, the environmental pollution tax on fossil fuels includes two components: the imposition of a tax on combusted fuels, dubbed the energy tax, and a tariff on carbon emissions produced by fuel combustion, dubbed the carbon tax. The purpose of this research was to develop a suggested model for an environmental pollution tax in Iraq that would be levied on industrial firms that are environmentally sensitive or polluters. In addition, growing proposed gasoline tax rates. The study's findings indicated that accounting information plays a role in the formulation and application of environmental pollution taxes by providing the information required to determine the extent to which a business makes efforts to mitigate the ecological effects of its activities. Tax deductions were suggested in the proposed model to incentivize individuals tasked with decreasing environmental pollution caused by their operations. These deductions include solid waste expenses (which are the costs incurred by taxpayers to dispose of trash generated by their functions), environmental protection costs (which include waste, salaries, wages, and commodity materials), and activity costs. Maintenance (expenses spent by taxpayers to maintain precipitators and steam boilers) and quality management costs (costs incurred by taxpayers to minimize defective goods and hazardous manufacturing residues) are all results of the company's accounting system


Abstract Studies on different phases in the Y-Ba-Cu-O system have revealed that TC around 90 K is obtainable with different Cu /Cu ratios provided the correct oxygen proportion is maintained.


SUMMARYFactors are considered in the development of a painted sheet product which has now been on test in natural external environments for up to 20 years and in service as an external cladding sheet for up to 17 years on buildings in marine, industrial, urban and rural environments. An aluminium alloy of 3103 type is chemically cleaned, a chemical conversion coating is applied and the paint coating of alkyd amino type is oven cured. These processes are all applied after the sheet has been profiled. Under test and in service the painted sheet suffers no more than loss of gloss from the original 30% to about 10%, slight to moderate chalking very slow erosion and very slight colour shift. The visible changes are very uniform and gradual over an initial period of around two to four years, with practically no further changes in appearance over periods up to 20 years to date. There are no adhesion defects at edges, profiles, fixings, main surfaces or elsewhere.


Buddhist iconography reflects extraordinary conservatism so that the appearance of images exhibiting unconventional features attracts immediate attention. This article examines, and documents a recently discovered image whose unusual features become intelligible when viewed in the context of Buddhist exorcism as practiced by weikza congregations. An identification of the image as exorcist is facilitated by dating its casting to the reign of King Bowdawpaya (aka Badon Min, reigned 1782–1819), a period of Buddhist heterodoxy when cabalistic squares (in) were widely used. The image is further identified as an exorcist Healing Buddha by setting it within the two hundred year iconic development of Burmese images that hold the myrobalan, a medicinal fruit whose use is believed to assist in expelling evil from the human body. An examination of contemporary weikza practices shows the additional iconographic anomalies to embody weikza concerns: in containing the occult letters sa, da, ba, wa appearing at nine locations on the body and the robe, the offering of two myrobalan fruit with contrasting gestures, the unorthodox wearing of the monk's robe, the wide striated belt, the deliberate grinding away of the image, and a "relic" enclosed within the body.A peripheral observation in this study concerns how closely nineteenth century visual representations of weikza saints such as Bo Bo Aung are homologus to those of the standing Healing Buddha.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the application of the island flap based on the postfemur neurocutaneous nutrient vessel.

METHODS
The flap was designed and applied to repair the defects in the gluteal, popliteal fossa or the bilateral postfemur areas. A total of 11 cases (12 defects) were treated with this method. The size of the defects ranged from 4.0 cm x 7.8 cm to 8.3 cm x 16.6 cm.

RESULTS
Of the 12 defects, 9 achieved complete success. Epidermal necrosis occurred in the distal part of the flap in 3 defects owing to venous stasis, which were cured with skin grafting. Postoperative follow-up for 8-19 months showed that the appearance, texture, and function of the flap were satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONS
The advantages of the flap lie in the reliable blood supply, constant anatomy, and without sacrificing a major artery. The key points for the flap survival are utilizing the "Superficial vein-nutrient vessel of the cutaneous nerve system" and retaining a comet tail-shaped soft-tissue pedicle in the flap creation.


Baseball card title devised by Library staff.
Issued by: Goodwin & Company.
"W. T."- -caption on card.
Forms part of: Baseball cards from the Benjamin K. Edwards Collection.


This paper analyses seismic noise from broadband seismic stations within the Cuban National Seismic Service, focusing on location sites, soil or rock quality at installation sites and the impact of various factors on the noise signature of these seismic stations. A brief technical description of deployed equipment is provided and the methodology for data selection and analysis is presented.The study provides annual performance assessment for each station, considering  specific details for each particular case. Likewise, the effect of diurnal/nocturnal and seasonal variations on noise power spectral density (PSD) is analyzed. In addition, plotted graphs show the relationship between the occurrence of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and cold fronts through Cuban eastern and western regions, respectively, and the increase of noise level, specifically for marine microseisms period band. Finally, the influence of instrumental variations in noise level of seismic stations is characterized.