Institutional forces influence the formation of international joint ventures (IJVs) in emerging economies and shape both their parents' behaviors and their marketing strategies. Whereas previous research has centered on governance mechanisms that deter opportunism, this study investigates the influence of institutional forces (i.e., rule of law, government intervention, and dysfunctional competition) on the IJV's foreign parent's opportunism. The authors find that rule of law and dysfunctional competition curtail opportunism, whereas government intervention drives opportunism. In addition, relationships between institutional forces in local markets and the IJV's foreign parent's opportunism depend on the IJV's marketing capability. The authors further examine the influence of the foreign parent's opportunism on IJV relationship extendedness and find support for a negative relationship between opportunism and the IJV's continuity. This study enriches institutional theory and identifies the boundary of the influence of institutional forces on opportunism. Because opportunism is a critical relationship hazard, the findings of this study have important implications for IJVs' partnership management.


As indicated in a communication describing the micropyrometer,^ this instrument may be used conveniently for the approximate determination of the monochromatic emissivities of metals, oxides, and other substances in microscopic quantities at high temperatures. This method has the further advantages of simplicity and rapidity of operation and also permits the taking of observations on rare elements, alloys, and compounds which are available only in minute quantities. It is possible, for example, under favorable conditions to measure with an accuracy of about I per cent the emissivity of a substance having a mass of o.oi mg, an area of 0.25 mm^, and thickness of 0.005 ^^The method lends itself readily to the determination of a temperature coefficient of emissivity and to the detection of a variation of emissivity with change of state, as at the melting point. The temperature range of the micropyrometer for these purposes is from about 700 to 3000° C. THE METHOD


What did homosexual men and women go through in Europe during the Second World War? How can those persecuted be commemorated? It is now a well-known fact that, during the Second World War, some homosexuals were arrested and deported to Germany. But anti-homosexual policies were also developed in other countries of Europe. Few questions have so far been raised about the practical implementation of those policies, the extent of the persecution and the way in which European cities and states rem...


ABSTRACT

Vocabulary is one of the English components that is needed to be mastered by the learners. When learners are learning a new language, they should have enough vocabularies in order to make use of their language into four language skills that are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Without vocabulary, it is difficult for the learners to express their opinions, ideas, and feelings. Therefore, it is important to choose appropriate media when a teacher teaches vocabulary in a class.

The aims of the research were: i) to find out the improvement of students' vocabulary mastery after they were being taught through movie as the media of instruction, and ii) to find out students' difficulties with respect to the implementation of movie. The subjects of the research were 24 students of class VII G of SMPN 26 Bandar Lampung in 2016/2017 academic year. The research used one group pretest and posttest design. The vocabulary test and interview were used to collect the data. The data in form of scores were analyzed by using Repeated Measure T-Test of SPSS 16.0. for windows.

The result showed that there was a statistically significant improvement of the students' mean score between the pretest and the posttest with significant level p<0.05 (p=0.000). Furthermore, adjective is the type of vocabulary that improves the most among the other types. The second finding revealed that the students found it difficulty in understanding the difficult words or phrases, the native speakers' pronunciation, and the native speakers' speed rate. Even though the students find difficulties, the students are able to improve their vocabulary mastery. This suggests that movie can be used as an alternative media in teaching vocabulary.


Alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) are new biodegradable surfactants, non-toxic, synthesized from abundant renewable sources, potentially more appropriate than anionic surfactants. A range of glycosides denoted APG-Cy was synthesized by the Koenig-Knorr reaction using C10, C16 and C18 alcohols and derived from the degradation of amylose from English potato. The molecular structures of the glycosides were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C NMR) together with Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The study by NMR allowed the junctions between hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic tail-groups to be characterized in detail. Conformation of the glycosidic units is 4C1 type with a b anomeric configuration. The formation of glycosides with five glucose rings linked to the alkyl chain was confirmed by 1H NMR and GPC. Liquid crystals identified by the presence of double melting points were observed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showing thermotropic properties. The surface tension (γ) and critical micelle concentration (cmc) were determined by du Nouy method, noting that increasing the length of alkyl chain led to the expected reduction in the cmc. The energies of adsorption and micellization processes calculated from isotherms γ versus ln c (g.dm-3) indicate cooperativeness of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.


This research aimed to prove the effect of institusional ownership, audit committees,
independent commissioners, company size to the firm value (in the manufactur company sector
automotive listed on the Indonesia stock exchange the periode 2007-2011). Method to take
sample used purposive sampling. Analysis method used multiple regression with significant level
(α) 5%.
The result of this study showed of institusional ownership, audit committees, independent
commissioners, company size partially or simultaneously to the firm value. Whereas partially
institusional ownership, independent commissioners, company size effected significantly toward
firm value. But audit committes showed did not effect significantly toward to the firm value.


Social and historical studies show that the Chinese have been in Indonesia for a long time. At first, their interaction with the natives ran smoothly so that there appeared a semblance of cultural assimilation. But this changed when the Dutch came to the archipelago. The Dutch colonial administration did not like the assimilation occurring between these two communities, and took all possible measures to break the cultural and social alliance. During the colonial era, the Chinese were confined to the trading posts. Thus, the contact between the Chinese and the natives was limited to business transactions. The state also restricted Chinese residence to a special quarter known as the Pecinan (Chinatown). The Dutch created a colonial caste structure in which the state recognized three categories of people: at the top were the "white" Europeans (and those who were accorded "equal" status such as the Japanese); in the middle were the "yellow" foreign eastern ethnics, including the Chinese; and at the bottom of the hierarchy were the "dark" local population in their position of inferiority (Anderson, 2000:122). This strengthened the segregation and division between the Chinese and the natives, through which the Dutch colonial administration maintained their power. The result was a disruptive relationship between the Chinese and the indigenous people. This disruptive relationship continued even after Indonesia became independent. It was demonstrated by the anti-Chinese riots that happened in some cities. The riots culminated on 16 November 1959 after which the government issued Presidential Decree No. 10, prohibiting the alien Chinese from engaging in retail business in the villages and rural areas. They were asked to transfer the ownership of their businesses to Indonesian citizens and to move out. This prohibition was intended for alien Chinese only, not for the Chinese who had Indonesian citizenship. But the effect of this ban was disastrous for all Chinese, both Indonesian citizens and aliens, and led to the mass exodus of the Chinese to China. This increased the number of Chinese who had left Indonesia for China since the early 1950s, an exodus that continued until the late 1960s. The majority of those who left were young students.


In this article peculiarities of realization of professional – reference and personal – semantic aspects in studying of foreign langes in Law institute are considered. Possibilities of semantic – making technologies of foreign language's learning as means of studying and education of future lawyers are presented.


Objective To monitor the distribution and resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with diarrhea in the Sixth People's Hospital of Hangzhou from 2003 to 2007,for the object of providing the basis for epidemiologic studies,vaccine preparation and clinical rational drug use of infectious diarrhea in Hangzhou.Methods Stool culture was used to screen the pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with diarrhea,then the pathogenic bacteria were identified to species,groups and serotypes with the biochemical and serological tests,disc diffusion method was also used to test the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial agents.Results The distribution of pathogenic bacteria was dominant in children,youths and wrinkly,and the peak time was from July to October.The pathogenic bacteria detected frequently were Shigellae spp.(43.49%),followed by Salmonella spp.(35.11%),Vibrio spp.(16.78%),Escherichia coli(3.22%) and Aeromonas spp.(1.40%).The rates of sensitive to antimicrobial agents were different between bacteria;the resistance to drug was more frequently in Shigellae spp.and Salmonella spp..Vibrio spp.was sensitive to antimicrobial agents.Conclusion There are many species and serotype of pathogenic bacteria which causing the infective diarrhea in the Sixth People's Hospital of Hangzhou.Their distributions are different in age and season,and the rates of sensitive to antimicrobial agents are also different.Surveillance of the pathogenic bacteria should be emphasized.


Embryos of estuarine grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio have demonstrated sensitivity to various solvents and petroleum products, indicating utility for evaluating estuarine contamination. Testing was performed to establish concentration‐response curves for methylene chloride, copper chloride, and 6‐aminonicotinamide, three known teratogenic chemicals. Two exposure periods were used, 4 d and 12 d, and both periods extended through hatching. The average 4‐d LC50 values for methylene chloride, copper chloride, and 6‐aminonicotinamide were 0.071% v/v, 1.82 mg/L, and 0.21 mg/ml, respectively. The average 12‐d LC50 values for methylene chloride, copper chloride, and 6‐aminonicotinamide were 0.031% v/v, 1.44 mg/L, and 0.057 mg/ml, respectively. Eye malformations were observed with embryos exposed to concentrations greater than 3 mg/L copper chloride or greater than 0.07% v/v methylene chloride. Very few abnormalities were observed in embryos exposed to 6‐aminonicotinamide. Abnormal larval development was found with exposure to copper chloride at concentrations greater than 1 mg/L. The sensitivity and low variability found here further supports the development of these relatively simple methods using grass shrimp embryos. Establishment of sublethal developmental endpoints warrants further investigation because of their potential correspondence to mechanisms of toxic action.


The improved iterative method for the simultaneous determination of the hydraulic properties of growing media from one-step experiment by Bibbiani, was performed on pure peat, pure pumice, and peat/pumice (1peat:1pumice by volume) mix, and compared with simplified equations by Valiantzas and Londra, who set up a new two-point method for calculating the water diffusivity, and with Van Genuchten- Mualem model. Brooks and Corey equations for water retention and hydraulic conductivity characterized the hydraulic properties of the porous media in relation to the iterative procedure. In the present work, the estimated water retention curves are compared with nine experimental data, and with the estimation of the Van Genuchten- Mualem model, via the RETC code, taking into account retention and diffusivity data. Bibbiani's and Van Genuchten-Mualem's estimations overlap except for the very wet range near saturation (R 2 equals to 0.9997, 0.9999, 0.9998 for pure pumice, 1peat:1pumice mix, and pure peat respectively, for Bibbiani's estimation; R 2 equals to 0.9923, 0.9541, 0.9993 for pure pumice, 1peat:1pumice mix, and pure peat respectively, for Van Genuchten-Mualem's estimation), whereas the Valiantzas and Londra's procedure didn't get satisfactory results, apparently because of different requirements related to the final pressure head applied in one-step experiment. In regard to diffusivity, a good similarity between Bibbiani's and Van Genuchten-Mualem's curves can be assessed, being the mean ratio values of the D(θ) from Valiantzas equation divided by D(θ) from Bibbiani equation equal to 1.20, 1.10, and 1.31 for pure pumice, 1peat:1pumice mix, and pure peat respectively, while Valiantzas and Londra's procedure generally results in higher values. Due to the lack of estimation of the water retention curve, Valiantzas and Londra's procedure fails to estimate the hydraulic conductivity function, whereas Bibbiani's and Van Genuchten-Mualem's curves match together in most cases.


Natural duty theorists of political obligation try to base a moral duty to obey the law on some natural duty, such as the duty to promote justice. Their critics say they confront an insurmountable obstacle in the particularity problem: Since natural duties do not bind us to some persons and institutions more strongly than to others, they cannot support a duty to one particular state or society. I solve the particularity problem, by developing a version of the political obligation thesis, giving a natural duty argument for it and showing that the particularity problem does not arise for the argument. I reply to some likely objections to my view.


29 Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is one of the most important pathogens of 30 salmonid fish. In this study a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genetic evolution 31 and variety of Austrian IHNV strains as well as selected strains ensuring worldwide coverage 32 is presented. The phylogenetic investigation is based on sequences comprising the "mid G" 33 region of the G gene, and it includes all to-date available IHNV sequences of the G gene with 34 a length of at least 615 bp. Austrian IHN viruses are located together with other European 35 IHNV isolates in two clusters of genogroup M (M-Eur1 and M-Eur2), and are clearly 36 separated from American and Asian lineages. The genetic clustering, however, could not be 37 linked to certain clinical symptoms or significant differences in the mortality rates. 38


Background: Head injury is one of the most common reasons for patient admission and death in surgical units of Ethiopian hospitals, but little is known about the problem in North-central Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of head injury at Debre Tabor Teaching and Referral Hospital in south Gondar zone, North-central Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 trauma patients at Debre Tabor Teaching and Referral Hospital from November 1 to December 30, 2019, using a systematic random sampling technique. The data were collected through a face-to-face interview. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with head injury. P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: The mean (±SD) age of patients was 41.4 (± 11.6) years. The prevalence of head injury was 39.7%, 95% CI (34.9–44.9%). Two hundred sixty-five (72%) were male and 259 (70%) of all trauma patients were from rural residents. The study also found that younger age (20–24 years) [AOR=1.2; 95% CI (1.29–8.86)], being male [(AOR=2.02; 95% CI (1.31– 6.24)], alcohol use [(AOR=6.31; 95% CI (2.03–16.08)], and rural residence [(AOR= 1.40; 95% CI (1.13–6.94)] were the factors associated with head injury. Conclusion: Like other studies done in Ethiopia, head injury is a major problem in the study area. The study also revealed that socio-demographic and behavioral factors are mainly associated with head injury. Therefore, appropriate prevention strategies should be devised and implemented against the contributing factors both at the individual and community level to minimize the risk of head injury.


This article addresses two problems with earlier applications of the linear logit model of cost shares. The first problem is that symmetry holds only for one set of cost shares. In this article, an iterative, nonlinear estimation procedure is used to impose symmetry for all predicted shares. The second problem is that analytical expressions for the integrals of log-linear cost shares cannot be derived analytically, although they exist, given the continuity of the logit share equations. This article proposes a procedure for approximating the underlying cost function by using the share predictions as stochastic, numerical approximations of these integrals. The model has constant but unequal elasticities of substitution. This feature does not contradict the Uzawa impossibility theorem, which holds for integrable functions, because the logit model is essentially a numerical approximation of the constant elasticity of substitution model. Another interesting property is that the concavity conditions are relativ...


Surface soil moisture (SSM) and root-zone soil moisture (RZSM) are key hydrological variables for the agricultural water cycle and vegetation growth. Accurate SSM and RZSM forecasting at sub-seasonal scales would be valuable for agricultural water management and preparations. Currently, weather model-based soil moisture predictions are subject to large uncertainties due to inaccurate initial conditions and empirical parameterization schemes, while the data-driven machine learning methods have limitations in modeling long-term temporal dependences of SSM and RZSM because of the lack of considerations in the soil water process. Thus, here, we innovatively integrate the model-based soil moisture predictions from a sub-seasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) model into a data-driven stacked deep learning model to construct a hybrid SSM and RZSM forecasting framework. The hybrid forecasting model is evaluated over the Yangtze River Basin and parts of Europe from 1- to 46-day lead times and is compared with four baseline methods, including the support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) and the S2S model. The results indicate substantial skill improvements in the hybrid model relative to baseline models over the two study areas spatiotemporally, in terms of the correlation coefficient, unbiased root mean square error (ubRMSE) and RMSE. The hybrid forecasting model benefits from the long-lead predictive skill from S2S and retains the advantages of data-driven soil moisture memory modeling at short-lead scales, which account for the superiority of hybrid forecasting. Overall, the developed hybrid model is promising for improved sub-seasonal SSM and RZSM forecasting over global and local areas.


As a new elective module in the field of high school information technology, "Preliminary Artificial Intelligence" is designed to train students in information literacy and humanistic quality. But the course of the current situation of teaching is not satisfactory, needing to draw on the effective teaching mode. Aiming on the problems in the course of teaching , this paper focuses on three common modes of teaching with the teaching of specific examples, in that perusing for better choices in the use of " Preliminary Artificial Intelligence " .


Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) array antennas that may transmit radio waves in various patterns and polarizations have been increasingly important in current telecommunication systems. However, the mutual coupling effect is the major drawback of the MIMO system. Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) is a good solution for planar arrays to reduce the effects of mutual coupling. A simple EBG structure has been proposed in this paper to reduce the mutual coupling effect for a quad element (2×2) MIMO array. First, a single inset-fed microstrip patch antenna has been designed that resonates at 4.2 GHz with minimum return loss as low as -40 dB. A rectangular shape EBG structure with a dimension of 6 × 13 mm has been implemented between the radiating patches. Each EBG unit cell consists of 3 rectangular shape slots with a dimension of 2×3 mm. The simulation result shows that the antenna can radiate around 95% of its power to the receiver and gives a good directive pattern as well. The quad-element MIMO array with the EBG structure has a minimum return loss of less than -50 dB and maximum isolation of more than 20 dB. Therefore, a quad-element MIMO array with the proposed EBG structure can provide better performance in 5G applications.


Datathons are high-yield research events where cross-disciplinary researchers collaborate to investigate pertinent healthcare problems by analysing multimodal electronic patient data. This paper aims to demonstrate the value of a surgical datathon as a learning model in students using both objective and qualitative assessments.

 Fifteen individuals were recruited for the 24-hour datathon with representation from medicine, psychology, and clinical neurosciences including two postgraduate neurosurgery faculty. All reported interest in learning more academic skills. The aim was to solve a pertinent neurosurgical challenge, namely the prediction of intracranial pressure based on brain MR-imaging, with the goal of completing a full manuscript within 24 hours.
 Participants were trained and split into smaller open working groups, supervised allowing real-time specialist feedback. Groups intermittently merged to cross-collaborate. Surveys with mixed-methods analysis explored participant opinions and the value of developing research skills at multiple time points.

 Participants' knowledge were tested showing an increased mean test score post-datathon (69.92%) compared to pre-datathon scores (57.31%). Wilcoxon signed-rank test results demonstrated a significant change for these results (p=0.04, 95% CI -27.21 - -0.04). Likert-scales showed that majority of participants strongly agreed that the datathon accelerated their productivity (58.3%). Data collection was rated particularly useful (100%) despite majority being less than confident in analysing neuro-radiological images (84.6%) pre-datathon. Time pressures were the largest barrier participants faced (47.1%).

 A full manuscript was produced and the datathon goal was met with conference acceptance. Surgical datathons represent a pragmatic learning model for students of all backgrounds.


A new method for generating ternary spreading sequences with aperiodic zero correlation zones and large family sizes is presented. The sequences are proposed as spreading sequences to provide high capacity and cancel multipath interference in a multi-carrier DS-CDMA system.


Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), under acidic conditions, is known to yield formaldehyde as one of its decomposition products. A new method of synthesizing dialkoxymethanes, which consists of the treatment of alcohols with a DMSO-PPA (polyphosphoric acid) mixture, has been shown to be convenient and also generally applicable. Under mild conditions, five primary alcohols and four secondary alcohols are converted to the corresponding formals in 50—80 and 30—40% yields respectively. Dimethyl disulfide, bis(methylthio) methane and methylthiomethyl ether and an oxidation product of the alcohol have been shown to be the main by-products in this reaction. The examination of the NMR spectra has revealed that the acetal methylene protons of dialkoxymethanes made from (±)-secondary alcohols are observed as an AB quartet and as a singlet, each arising from meso and racemic compounds, respectively.


In this paper, a secure data communication environment for the three-tiered wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that continues to operate correctly in a hostile medium is proposed. Considering the energy and hardware constraints of the sensor nodes, the low complex data confidential and authentication algorithms are proposed. Performance analysis of our protocol shows that it satisfies the energy and hardware limitations of the WSNs and maintains the secure fabrics of the network.


The international criminal court (ICC) ensure that " the aim of the court is to round off the national judicial systems in the case where the national procedures are unapproachable or ineffective. The statute includes Many chapters consecrating this complementarity measure. This question arroused many debates during the deliberations and discussions of the experts on the international criminal law. Many countries have already adopted the complementarity principle to their national judicial procedures. Further more, the permanent Criterion of the ICC allowed its scope related to international crimes in compliance to " Rome Statute". It was rather a residuel jurisdiction implemented through what it is unanimously known as the complementarity principle However, this principle seems ambiguous as to both its conents and fields of


Cloud computing offers an exciting opportunity to bring on-demand applications to customers and is being used for delivering hosted services over the Internet and/or processing massive amount of data for business intelligence. In this tutorial, we will discuss the architecture of cloud computing, MapReduce, and Hadoop. We will then discuss how the cloud infrastructure can be used for data management services, such data cleansing, data correlation and validation, and how the massive amount of data can be processed over cloud for various business intelligence applications such as customer churn analysis, social network analysis, etc, and how the cloud can be used for 'Active' Data Archival for near real-time data access. We will finally discuss few applications that require cloud infrastructure for processing structured and unstructured data for business analytics.


The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ary subdivision scheme has traditionally been designed to generate smooth curve and surface from control polygon. In this paper, we propose a new subdivision depth computation technique for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ary subdivision scheme. The existing techniques do not ensure the computation of subdivision depth unless some strong condition is assumed on the mask of the scheme. But our technique relaxes the effect of strong condition assumed on the mask of the scheme by increasing the number of convolution steps. Consequently, a more precise subdivision depth technique for a given error tolerance is presented in this paper.


Dislcosed are an acellular corneal method, acellular corneal stroma and a preparation method thereof, the acellular corneal method comprising the steps of: A. placing an extracted animal cornea into water and vibration treating to make epithelial layer come off; B. placing the corneal into an acellular reagent and vibration treating; C. placing the cornea into water and vibration treating; and D. repeating steps B and step C alternately to make stroma cells and endothelial cells come off, wherein the acellular reagent contains NaCl and EDTA. The acellular corneal method can remove the corneal epithelial layer and immune cell components, thereby obtaining an intact acellular corneal stroma, wherein the acellular corneal stroma has an excellent biocompatibility and anti-degradation ability.


and women (T1 = 209, T2 = 151, T3 = 121; p for trend <0.001) [Figure]. However, the incidence in younger subjects was relatively stable. From a clinical perspective, although the performance rate of primary percutaneous coronary intervention significantly increased during the three terms (men, from 52% at T1 to 82% at T3; women, from 30% at T1 to 60% at T3: both p<0.01) with a shortened duration of hospital stay (men, from 25 days at T1 to 16 days at T3; women, from 28 days at T1 to 13 days at T3: both p<0.01), the in-hospital mortality–especially in the elderly (over 70 years old)–did not significantly decrease during the study period (men, from 14% at T1 to 18% at T3; women, from 23% at T1 to 29% at T3).


As one of the pioneer palaeontologists, Professor Zhuoting Liao has contributed his lifetime to promoting palaeontological and stratigraphical research in China for 60 years, and he passed away in the field excursion in South China on June 20, 2020. In his palaeontological career, Liao has worked on Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic palaeontology and stratigraphy of almost all regions across China, and his interests have also extended to the Permian–Triassic (P‐Tr) boundary and mass extinction. He has worked on palaeontology, palaeobiogeography, biostratigraphy, tectonostratigraphy, and their implications in mineral and oil‐gas industries. Liao has established 22 new genera and 172 new species of brachiopods, and, together with his colleagues, proposed 11 new genera and 25 new species of echinoderms. He dedicated his lifetime to work on Late Palaeozoic palaeontology and stratigraphy of the previously remote and tectonically complex Xinjiang and adjacent regions, north‐west China, and established integrated stratigraphical frameworks for the Carboniferous to Permian strata, providing fundamental basis for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration in the poorly understood Central Asian terranes. In addition, he has mentored many young palaeontologists and stratigraphers in various ways. This volume assembles 30 papers addressing the Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic palaeontology and stratigraphy of China and adjacent regions, which pays tribute to the achievement of Professor Zhuoting Liao.


PURPOSE: Provided is a method for washing seaweeds(laver etc.) by using ``jijangsu'' (loess water) to remove impurities or toxin therefrom, thereby eating seaweeds safely. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of: sterilizing loess powders having over 100 mesh in a particle size at 600-700 deg.C to remove impurities and iron; mixing sterilized loess powders in clean water to prepare jijangsu(loess water); and dipping collected seaweeds therein for a certain period of time to decompose pollutants(toxin environmental hormone) then followed by washing and drying them.


Bruno Schulz and the Aesthetics of Creation The article discusses the creative process as one of the main themes of Bruno Schulz's prose. The author considers two aspects of Schulz's creative aesthetics: the aesthetics of matter and the aesthetics of caprice. She describes the former, referring Schulz's thought to Rainer Maria Rilke, and the latter, considering it in the context of Gaston Bachelard's philosophy.


Wave-induced forces applied to offshore structures can be estimated by using either the nonlinear or linear form of Morison's equation. Difficulties in using the nonlinear form of Morison's equation arise from the nonlinear relation between the wave force and the response of the structure in the drag-dominated term. The linear form of Morison's equation simplifies the estimation of the wave-induced forces in offshore structures. For this reason, engineering designers working on large-scale offshore structures rely on the modified linear Morison's equation. In this article, a comparative study of the linear and nonlinear forms of the wave-induced force from Morison's equation is presented. A parametric analysis is conducted using a numerical computer model of an offshore structure to shed light on the difference between the wave forces as estimated by the linear and nonlinear forms of Morison's equation. The difference is clarified by showing the response of a model offshore structure when subjected to these wave forces. A modification to the linear form of Morison's equation is proposed, which gives better estimates of the nonlinear wave-induced forces. Response results obtained using the proposed model are validated against those obtained using the traditional linear and nonlinear forms of the equation.


In a fundamental 1974 article, Cheitlin et al1 of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology emphasized the special role of anomalous aortic origin of the coronary arteries and differentiated this condition from the other coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) as being associated with an increased frequency of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young persons, especially during strenuous exertion. More recently, CAAs have also been considered possible causes of clinically disabling symptoms, including dyspnea, angina pectoris, and syncope, especially in young adults.2–5 Clinicians and epidemiologists have identified the need to prevent not only SCD in young persons, especially athletes or military recruits, but also other CAA-related symptoms in persons of any age.6–12 Much of the available information concerning the incidence of SCD in carriers of CAAs is lacking a denominator (measure of the carriers at risk). The most notable study of SCD incidence is a classic 2004 article by Eckart et al,7 who reported the mortality rate (>25 years) that US military recruits experienced during a 2-month-long boot-camp training period. All the recruits were involved in strenuous exercise and had undergone routine screening based on a history and physical examination performed by general practitioners. Of the 23 million recruits, 64 died of SCD (0.28 per 100 000 per 2 months, or 1.68 per 100 000 per year). Of these deaths, 21 (33%) were attributed to CAAs, specifically anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva with an interarterial course.

To establish a solid theory and a preventive policy in this field, we must understand the pathophysiology of CAAs, identify the prevalence of individuals living with different kinds of CAAs (the denominator), clarify the individual severity of each case, study the influence of different types of exertion, and identify the …


The article presents a development algorithm and a model of cost saving program for a testing industrial facilities of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia, which takes into account the specifics of financial, economic and administrative activities of the federal state enterprises. The example of the program implementation is overviewed in brief. The methodology is universal, and can be adopted successfully by all the federal state enterprises, regardless of the activity type.


We study bifurcation scenario of three predator-prey models. The Liapunov-Schmidt reduction is applied to compute normal forms of these models. We show that the bifurcations are all transcritical. We also study a two-grid centered difference discretization scheme with two-loop continuation algorithms for tracing solution curves of reaction-diffusion systems. Both linear and quadratic approximations of the operator equations are exploited to derive the scheme. A numerical continuation algorithm is exploited to trace solution curves of the models. The theoretical proofs are verified by our numerical results.


The SG II 5PW laser is designed as an open ultra-short high power laser facility that operates at the wavelength of 808nm. Three optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) stages are used to ensure the uncompressed pulse energy up to 260J. With a four pass zigzag compressor, the pulse width is compressed into less than 30fs and the pulse energy about 150J. By using BBO and LBO crystal, the first two OPCPA amplifiers have been accomplished this year. 35J@21fs outputs have been achieved. Since the largest size of the LBO crystal now is only about 100mm×100mm that is not enough for the needs of the third OPCPA amplifier. In our work, potassium deuterium phosphate (DKDP) as a candidate crystal has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Phase-matching parameters for various deuterium doped rate DKDP crystals are calculated. OPCPA amplifier based on 95% deuterium doped rate is designed and the output characteristics are simulated by OPA coupled wave equations. The results show that DKDP crystals with deuterium doped rate higher than 90% can be utilized in ultra-short high power laser systems that support the pulse width shorter than 30 femtoseconds. Still by estimation, when Quasi-phase-matching techniques and collinear design are used in small signal OPCPA amplification, the greatest efficiency can reach above 55%. By experiment it has proved that the output spectrum width can be more than 80nm.


Background: Bacterial meningitis is an important cause of mortality and long term morbidity. Early and accurate diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is of critical concern. Though bacterial culture is considered as gold standard, this approach has some disadvantages with regard to rapidity and sensitivity. This has motivated the evaluation of alternative diagnostic strategy. This study was performed to compare between Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and conventional methods for the diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Chattogram Medical College for cytological examination, biochemical tests, Gram's stain, culture, and PCR for lytAgene of S.pneumoniae in CSF. Results: Among the 36 cases of probable bacterial meningitis, culture was positive in 12 (33.33%) and Gram's stain was positive in 9 (25%) cases. Streptococcus pneumoniaewas the predominent organism detected by isolation in 6(50%). PCR detected 14(46.67%) cases of S. pneumoniae among 30 bacterial meningitis cases. All the culture and Gram's stain positive cases for Streptococcus pneumoniaewere also positive by PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PCR were 100%, 67%, 43%,100% respectively by using CSF culture as gold standard. Conclusion: PCR was highly sensitive and specific and PCR was found superior to other available methods for detection of bacterial meningitis.
JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (2) : 16-21


In this energy crisis scenario, demand for energy is so high that we are forced to rely on renewable energy resources. DC-DC converter is an intermediate stage in the power conversion. These converters experiences issues like, maximum power point tracking, input current ripple, switching loss etc which affects the power efficiency of entire system. Hence in a PV system, power converter used has a key role in determining system efficiency. Using PSIM tool, behavior of different DC-DC converters are analyzed in this paper and a better counterpart for the application is also suggested.


The latest developments in democratic practice and thinking worldwide are situated in the broader context of international law, constitutionalism and political theory. This chapter examines how the developments relate to international law. To this end, the contemporary meaning of the single elements of the "periodic, fair and free elections"(PFF) formula is analysed as international constraints on the design and function of national political processes and institutions. To ensure that a discussion of democracy's values and rules remains grounded, attention is given to the role of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) in constructing the legal framework of democracy in national political systems. The rule of law is another sine qua non for the existence of democracy and human rights. Among the UN's founders were 'federalists' in whose idealistic conception the UN was a halfway house to a quasi-state organization of the world community. Keywords: democratic governance; federalists; intergovernmental organizations (IGOs); international law; periodic, fair and free elections (PFF); political theory


The problem of semiglobal stabilization for nontriangular nonlinear systems with unknown control coefficients and uncertain output function is investigated in this paper. By virtue of homogeneous domination technique, a novel nonrecursive design approach is presented to construct the semiglobal controller. To that end, a new output‐driven reduce‐order observer is developed to estimate the unmeasurable states. Moreover, it has been shown that we can determine the maximal sector bound of output function, in which an output feedback controller can be designed to render the closed‐loop system semiglobally stable. The effectiveness of controller is demonstrated by a ship simulation.


Objectives This study aimed at proposing a hypothetical principle to add or abstract herbs for modifying Taeeumjowi-tang Methods Based on Jema Lee's literatures such as Dongyisusebowon and Dongyisasangsipyeon, we analyzed contents related to Taeeumjowi-tang and its modification. Moreover, we reviewed physiological and pathological pecularities of Taeeumin symptomatology and applied the theory to induce the principle of the modified Taeeumjowi-tang in Sasang medicine.


This article covers the implementation of virtual reality headsets in both instruction and circulation at a mid-size academic library. The article details the experience from both the Instruction and Circulation department, including necessary correlations in the service. It covers the successes and failures of the adoption of the lending program, what was learned, and thoughts moving forward.


When modelling controlled dynamical systems one commonly chooses individual control variables u1, . . . um which appear natural from a physical, or practical point of view. In the case of nonlinear models evolving on R (or more generally, an analytic manifold M) that are affine in the control, such a choice corresponds to selecting vector fields f0, f1, . . . fm:M 7→ TM , and the system takes the form


Multihull sailing is more popular than it has ever been, from the large record breaking offshore craft to the `media friendly` Extreme 40 circuit and now the Americas Cup class,
despite this there is a lack of an affordable and competitive `club racer`. The aim of this project was to design a craft which fits into this niche, supplying competitive class racing in a range of formats (inshore, offshore and short-handed racing). The design process was initially based heavily around the `Multihull Offshore Cruising & Racing Association` (MOCRA), analysing both the rating rule under which racing is conducted, but also by analysing the wants and needs of the association members.


The invention concerns the catalytic fluorination of perchlorethylene or of pentachloroethane in the gas phase by means of hydrofluoric acid. used a mixed catalyst composed of oxides, halides and / or oxyhalides of nickel and chromium deposited on a support consisting of aluminum fluoride or of a mixture of aluminum fluoride and alumina.


The beauty industry is growing in Indonesia, where there is the emergence of new brands and beauty retails. One of them is Sociolla, a beauty retail which serves local and imported Asian beauty products to the Indonesian market. Impulsive buying behavior is a phenomenon that happens many times when customers want to shop for beauty products. Sociolla also utilizes customers' tendency to buy impulsively, making it one of their marketing strategies. However, through preliminary survey and observation, it can be seen that Sociolla has dependency on sales promotion to trigger impulsive buying behavior. Therefore, this research aims to find other factors that can influence impulsive buying at Sociolla and to analyze which variables can positively influence impulsive buying at Sociolla. This research uses mixed method, which are qualitative research using interview with 10 respondents and quantitative research using questionnaire. For the research, the respondents must have purchased impulsively at any Sociolla channels in the past 3 months, be 18-30 years old, and located in Jabodetabek or Bandung area using non-probability and purposive sampling. The research is analysed using open coding for the qualitative research and PLS-SEM for the quantitative research. From the qualitative research, new variables are added into the conceptual framework, which are brand trust, packaging, salesperson, store design and various WoM. In the quantitative research consisting of 572 respondents, it is found that internal factors such as hedonic shopping motivation, shopping enjoyment leading to browsing, and brand trust can positively influence impulsive buying from Sociolla. There are also external variables which have a positive influence on impulsive buying at Sociolla such as salesperson and packaging. The results of this research is expected to give insight about marketing strategies which can induce impulsive buying for Sociolla and other similar businesses in the beauty industry.


Information about problem behaviour, temperament, chronic strain and social resources among families with children was collected from a population-based sample of mothers when the children were 18 and 30 months of age. Of the 1081 eligible families, 932 (86%) participated in this first part of the project. Near 80% of the mothers who filled in the first questionnaire completed the second questionnaire as well. The data suggest that it is possible to identify risk factors for stable problems at 18 months, allowing some prediction of those children whose problems will persist over early childhood. A clear factor structure involving four dimensions emerged at both assessment times: two factors were characterised by externalising behaviours, and labelled "Social adjustment" and "Overactive-inattentive"; one factor tapped internalising problems, "Emotional adjustment"; and the fourth was related to general immaturity and labelled "Regulation". The factor structure was similar to that reported by Sonuga-Barke et al. (1997). Specific patterns of child and family risk factors were associated with stability and change over the two time points for each factor. Children with stable problems had the most problematic characteristics on all significant predictors, followed by children with problems at one, but not both, time points. Since specific risk factors emerged for specific types of behaviour problems, the results may provide some guidance to early intervention efforts.


The business plan is developed on the basis of a systematic and orderly structure of the information necessary to take a decision regarding the implementation of a business idea, whose central axis is to create a digital radio, focused on a young audience, especially in the millennial generation; They are people who consume information in real time, through social networks and with the usual use of mobile devices. That is why we build a value proposition that offers audiovisual content with a strong interaction with the consumer. In the case of the commercialization of digital radio to advertisers, a price per second is proposed with a lower cost than traditional radios, the price established by Radio Net is 0.40 dollars per second while the average of traditional radios is 0.55 dollars per second. This assessment of the advertising guidelines will allow penetrating the market with an innovative proposal and that is adjusted to the need of advertisers with an advertising offer focused on a market that is in a recovery phase, after two years of economic recession. The financial evaluation of the project recommends the start-up of digital radio, because the initial investment is recovered over a period of 4 years and indicators are obtained that exceed the opportunity cost of the shareholders.


Occupational therapy professionals and users of occupational therapy services are becoming increasingly aware of the issues of diversity encompassing their lived experiences, values and meaning systems. This paper situates a discussion of diversity and curriculum development in terms of inclusiveness of people's diverse lived experiences, which include complex combinations of ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, gender, socioeconomic status and other factors. A pedagogical context is provided based on understandings of culture, inclusiveness and diversity in the healthcare literature. The experience of one occupational therapy department's efforts to create a learning environment that is inclusive of all its participants is used to illustrate effective educational and structural strategies. Despite noble aspirations, much remains to be accomplished regarding how the profession defines competencies in terms of transcultural evaluation standards, outcomes and indicators.


Most agree that the Nine Years War (1594-1603) was a least partly religious in motivation. Curiously enough, while we do know something of the religious issues which protagonists claimed as inspiration, we know little of their own religious practice or convictions. This is especially the case of Hugh O'Neill, earl of Tyrone. Religious conviction is, of course, a notoriously dangerous field of historical enquiry but given that O'Neill propaganda presented him as a Catholic crusader and taking into account the doubts some of his contemporaries raised regarding the sincerity of his religious convictions, it might not be amiss to enquire, in so far as the sources permit, what O'Neill's Catholicism was like.


This chapter presents a list of the peaceful settlement of international disputes, diplomatic means of settlement of disputes, judicial settlement by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and advisory proceedings relevant to discussion of the evolution of the history of the case and advisory opinions that has been dealt by the ICJ. The analysis section covers four patterns of analysis: duration of cases and advisory opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) and the ICJ; records of states as applicant(s) and/ or respondent(s); records of states and authorised organisations on written and oral statements; and records of declarations and opinions of judges and judge ad hoc. Keywords: International Court of Justice (ICJ); judicial settlement; Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ)


In regions that practice common law, relevant historical cases are essential references for sentencing. To help legal practitioners find previous judgement easier, this paper aims to label each court judgement by some tags. These tags are legally important to summarize the judgement and can guide the user to similar judgements. We introduce a heuristic system to solve the problem, which starts from Aspect-driven Topic Modeling and uses Dependency Parsing and Constituency Parsing for phrase generation. We also construct a legal term tree for Hong Kong and implemented a sentence simplification module to support the system. Finally, we propose a similar document recommendation algorithm based on the generated tags. It enables users to find similar documents based on a few selected aspects rather than the whole passage. Experiment results show that this system is the best approach for this specific task. It is better than simple term extraction method in terms of summarizing the document, and the recommendation algorithm is more effective than full-text comparison approaches. We believe that the system has huge potential in law as well as in other areas.


This reseach has goal to obtain optimal amount of securities in domestic portfolio, which has been formed from securities that listing in Jakarta Stock Exchange. Other goal for this research is determine effective method to obtain optimal amount of securities in domestic portfolio, methods which be considered are random and selective method. Consistency portfolios are determined too in this research.
This research will process data with simulation, which result is individual return, risk, and beta, portfolio return, risk, beta and portfolio productivity. The output is used to determine optimal amount of securities in portfolio with random method. The other result for this simulation is excess return to standard deviation ratio and cut-off rate, which are used to determine optimal amount securities in portfolio with selective method.
The result for this research is that optimal amount securities in portfolio with random method is 15, otherwise with selective method is 13. the other result for this research is that more effective method among random and selective method is selective method. This research finds too that portfolio productivity for 13 securities in portfolio has consistent.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-permeability mica tape. The high-permeability mica tape comprises: a mica paper layer (1) and a reinforcement material layer (4). The high-permeability mica tape is characterized in that: an adhesive layer (2) is sprayed between the mica paper layer (1) and the reinforcement material layer (4); the mica paper layer (1) is mica paper possessing the high permeability; the adhesive layer (2) is a solventless powdered resin which forms point distribution and a large amount of pore channels (3) exist between the pointlike resin. The method comprises the following steps: (1) respectively rewinding the mica paper and the reinforcement material and spraying the solventless adhesive resin powder on the mica paper; (2) after the mica paper sprayed with the adhesive resin powder is preheated, performing hot pressing and compositing, winding and cutting to the mica paper and the reinforcement material so as to obtain the high-permeability mica tape. The prepared mica tape possesses the high permeability. Adhesive contents are small. Flexibility is good. A caking property of the reinforcement material and the mica paper is good. The mica tape can be stored for a long time, can not harden and can not be crisp. A winding technology is good and the mica tape has many other advantages. The mica tape is suitable for insulation processing of various kinds of motors or electric appliance products and especially suitable for a large high-voltage generator set, whose voltage range is 13.8-27kV. The mica tape is suitable for a main insulation VPI processing technology of a coil (stator bar) with a unilateral insulation thickness of 4-8mm. Soakage time can be shortened.


AbstractIn this paper, statistical properties of rainfall are derived from 14 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission data to optimize the use of flight hours for the upcoming High Altitude Ice Crystals (HAIC)/High Ice Water Content (HIWC) program. This program aims to investigate the convective processes responsible for the generation of the high ice water content that has been recognized as a threat to civil aviation. The probability that convective cells are conducive to HIWC is also further investigated using three years of C-band polarimetric radar data. Further insights into the variability of convective rainfall and favorable conditions for HIWC are also gained using two different methods to characterize the large-scale atmospheric conditions around Darwin, Australia (the Madden–Julian oscillation and the Darwin atmospheric regimes), and the underlying surface type (oceanic vs continental). The main results from the climatology relevant to flight-plan decision making are (i) convective cells c...


Electrocardiogram is a biomedical signal recorded from the heart by special precordial electrodes. The interpretation of the signal provides information about various cardiac malfunctions. Signal processing techniques enable the objective analysis and automated interpretation to minimize human-associated errors and variations. This paper proposes a method to detect the R waves in the rhythms with no threshold set a priori. The method utilizes the periodicity property in the cardiac signal in the deduction of the locations of R waves through frequency-based expectations. A vector of initial R waves is obtained, then those R waves are used to complement the vector with the remaining R waves through an intermediate vector of candidate R waves deduced by virtue of periodicity property. The candidate R wave locations are set based on mathematical expectations deduced from the initial R wave locations. The initial R waves are detected by finding the N global maxima points in the signal.


In the structural motifs of two isomorphous triclinic salts, (C5H6Br2N3)2[MBr4] (M = Cd(II) and Mn(II)), each [MBr4]2- anion interacts with eight surrounding 2,6-diamino-3,5-dibromopyridinium cations through intermolecular C/N-H...Br and Br...Br interactions, leading to a three-dimensional framework structure. The cations show a minor degree of pi-pi stacking, adding extra stability to the three-dimensional architecture.


The increasing environmental concern has created a situation where the system operator is forced to include more non pollutant, renewable energy resources to fulfill the power demand. With increasing penetration of non conventional/ renewable energy resources, the burden on thermal generation can be considerably reduced and thus with reduced emission, the environmental security can be preserved. In this context the optimal scheduling and operational analysis of hydro-thermalwind (HTW) integrated power system is carried out to demonstrate the economic and voltage secure system operation using intelligent optimization techniques. Keywords—Generation scheduling; Hydro-thermal-wind generation system; voltage secure operation.


The phenomenological methods that have evolved for large‐basis shell‐model calculations will be outlined. They are applicable to all regions of nuclei, and provide a quantitative understanding of a wide range of experimental data. The applications can be expanded as the computational power and techniques improve. They provide the required input for nuclear properties that cannot be measured directly for use in nuclear astrophysics and weak interaction physics. The methods can be used to make extrapolations to new regions of nuclei. The renormalized G matrix provides an essentially starting point for the hamiltonian. However, this must be supplemented by experimental data on single‐particle energies and by adjustments to the two‐body matrix elements. I will focus on an example of how shell‐model configuration mixing has been applied to the oxygen isotopes out to the neutron drip line.


Ethanol and water can separate two-phase system in the presence of(NH_4)_2SO_4.In the course of separated-phased,Bi(Ⅲ) combines with I~-and CTMAB~+ into insoluble ternary ion-complex associated substance,BiI~-_6(CTMAB~+)_3 can be extracted into ethanol phase.It shows that Bi(Ⅲ) can be completely separated from Mn(Ⅱ),Fe(Ⅲ),Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ),Al(Ⅲ) at the appropriate pH.


This article traces the history of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in South Africa since the 1970s. It examines IWRM according to its three common pillars, which are also reflected in South Africa's National Water Act: economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and equity. The article highlights how the principles of economic efficiency and the environment as a user in its own right emerged under apartheid, while equity was only included in the post-1994 water policies, with evolving influence on the other two principles. In 2013, the Department of Water Affairs overcame the widely documented flaws of IWRM by adopting developmental water management as its water resource management approach, aligning with the political and socio-economic goals of South Africa's democratic developmental state.


Recently, I exchanged a series of interesting email letters with a colleague from the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Bogumi l Jeziorski. In these letters, Jeziorski formulated two interesting mathematical questions, which I would like to share with the readers of the Bulletin of the IAMP. Below, with the author's consent, I give an English translation of large parts of Jeziorski's letters.


In patients with IgG incomplete non‐complement binding warm autoantibodies, the subclass composition of the antibodies was studied in relation to the occurrence of increased haemolysis in vivo and the adherence of the patients red cells to peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) in vitro.


Determining the subset of points (particles) in a problem domain that are contained within certain spatial regions of interest can be one of the most time-consuming parts of some computer simulations. Examples where this 'point-in-box' search can dominate the computation time include (1) finite element contact problems; (2) molecular dynamics simulations; and (3) interactions between particles in numerical methods, such as discrete particle methods or smooth particle hydrodynamics. This paper describes methods to optimize a point-in-box search algorithm developed by Swegle that make optimal use of the architectural features of the Cray Y-MP Supercomputer.


ABSTRACT An important focus of grease development is to minimize friction and wear while improving load bearing capacity. ASTM D2266 test method is commonly used to evaluate performance of grease at 75°C, 40 kg and 1200 rpm for 1 hour. However, actual applications may require bearings to be subjected to cyclic loading and variable frequency conditions wherein rotations per minute (rpm), load and duration of test are variables. Five different blends of greases were formulated using ZDDP (3 wt.%), PTFE (2 wt.%), MoDTC (2 wt.%), combination of ZDDP/PTFE in a weight ratio of 3:2 and a combination of ZDDP/PTFE/MoDTC in 3:2:2 weight ratios. They were tested under ASTM D2266 test method as well as under cyclic loading and variable frequency conditions where loads, frequency and duration of the tests were treated as variables. It was found that the combination of ZDDP/PTFE/MoDTC results in significant improvement in the wear and friction under cyclic loading as well as ASTM D2266 test conditions. It was also demonstrated that MoDTC accelerated the tribochemical degradation of ZDDP that resulted in the formation of a protective tribofilm layer on the interacting surfaces. The analysis of the tribofilm formed indicated that when MoDTC was used together with ZDDP and PTFE, a combination of MoS2, phosphates and sulfates of Zn and Fe are formed whereas when only ZDDP and PTFE was used the tribofilms were largely composed of phosphates and sulfates of Zn and Fe.


In this paper, we present the methods to predict the milled surface shapes in profile milling process. In the cutting process, tools are deflected due to the cutting forces varying with the imposed depth of cut and feedrate. Thus, the final shapes of the milled surface, generated by the nominal tool trajectory, are different from the required profile. In order to predict the milled surface shapes, we present two methods based on: (1) the deflected tool profile and (2) the trace of contact point between the tool and the workpiece. In the first method, we make an assumption that the milled surface corresponds to the deflected tool profile. In another method, we make we make an assumption that the milled surface is generated by the trace of the contact point between the cutting edge of the tool and workpiece. We present the surface generation process by calculating the trajectory of the contact points on the workpiece. Several simulations and experiments are performed to verify the proposed milled surface prediction methods.


Nonstationary spread-Doppler clutter (SDC) within a coherent processing interval often precludes target detection. Across range bins, nonstationarity severely limits the amount of training data available to estimate the clutter covariance matrix required for adaptive detection. Such difficult clutter conditions are not uncommon in High Frequency (HF) hybrid sky-surface wave radar which utilizes the ionosphere as propagation media. This paper applies amplitude and phase estimator (APES) based space-time adaptive processing (STAP), which operates only on the primary data, to reject SDC and to make detection decision. A subspace signal model is assumed to describe the potential target perturbed by ionospheric phase path contamination. According to the simulation and experimental results, the proposed method can achieve better detection performance with single dataset.


Abstract Indole-2.3-diones (1a, b) was treated with malonic acid in a mixture of ethanoVpyridine to afford 3-(2-oxoindolinylidene)acetic acid derivatives (2a, b) which then reacted with hydrohromic acid to yield 3-bromo-3-(2-oxoindole)acetic acid derivatives (3a, b). Compounds 3a, b were reacted with arylthiols to yield 3-arylmercapto-3-(2-oxoindole)acetic acid derivatives (4a-f). Cyclization of compounds 4a-f with sulfuric acid afforded spiro[indoline-3,2′-(thiochroman)]-2,4′-dione derivatives (5a-f).


Objective: Synovial sarcoma (SS) of the head and neck is an unusual malignancy. This article documents five SSs in this region. Methods: All the patients underwent MR examinations. Four lesions received surgical ablation; one was treated with radiotherapy before surgery. The clinical, pathological and MRI features were reviewed. Results: Four of all five cases were monophasic fibrous-type SS, and the other one was biphasic type that was the fourth documented SS located in the nasopharynx. The symptoms were varied. All the masses were well defined, mainly homogeneous and solid; three of them arose adjacent to the minor joint. The mass parenchyma showed isointense signal on T1 weighted imaging similar to that of the skeletal muscle and hyperintense signal on T2 weighted imaging with remarkable enhancement. Two cases were found with fibrous septum, one with haemorrhage and one with cystic degeneration. Epithelial membrane antigens (EMAs) were all positive. The positive rate of cytokeratin (CK), part pan-CK antibody (AE1/3) and vimentin (Vim) were 50%, 75%, 75%, respectively. Conclusion: Well-defined head and neck masses frequently arise adjacent to the minor joint, which are mainly homogeneous and solid, with isointense signal on T1 weighted MRI and hyperintense signal on T2 weighted MRI, and remarkable enhancement should evoke the diagnosis of SS. The positive staining of Vim\AE1/3\EMA and CK facilitates the final diagnosis. Advances in knowledge: The article documents the fourth SS involving the nasopharynx; other locations were also uncommon; three of them arose adjacent to the minor joint. The clinical, pathology and uncommon MR features of SS in the head and neck are also documented.


The very first measures of a composition reveal a plethora of information: key, instrumentation, dynamics, texture, and timbre, among others. At the same time the composer lays out his or her opening rhetorical gesture. Especially in the Classic period, these opening measures are more than just a beginning: they establish how the entire movement is going to unfold. Composers approached this liminal moment with full consciousness of the significance of its freighted shift from silence to sound and its unparalleled opportunity for expressive and rhetorical power. Beethoven, particularly, understood the vast range of the expressive possibilities of openings – from declarative to questioning, forthright to subtly deceptive, inchoate to monumental – and he calculated with profound and careful planning exactly how his opening would color the rhetoric of the entire piece


The paper analyzed different views on the system of the ownership of the natural resource,questioned cautiously the formulation of the property of natural resource.In order to answer the question whether the concept of property of sea area does exist,the paper reviewed the regulating of the using right of the sea area and the fishing right in the drafting process of the Real Right Law of P.R.C.as well as the final provisions thereon.Also,the paper summarized the theoretical as well as the practical significance of embodying the concept of the using right of the sea area into the Real Right Law of P.R.China.


Let X be a p x 1 .vector random variable having N, (p,C) distribution. Let X(p x n) be a data matrix observed from a random sample of size n . The population distribution involves as parameters p components of mean p and 1 -p(p + 1) components of variance-covariance C . For these parameters, minimum 2 2p(p'3) 1 null hypothesis can be formulated. These null hypotheses can specify the values of a subset of parameters. In this unit, we shall consider the problem of testing hypothe 's about the mean p under both the situations when variance-covariance matrix e is known in Section 21.2 and when it is not known in Section 21.3.


Background: Previous research has determined the validity and reliability of accelerometer-based devices, but the findings are not consistent. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of an accelerometer (Myotest PRO) for measuring explosive strength indicators (jump height, peak force, peak velocity, and peak power) during the countermovement jump. Methods: Thirty-three university students (22 males and 11 females; 178.6 ± 5.6 cm, 69.3 ± 6.5 kg, 21.8 ± 1.7 years) performed five individual countermovement jumps. Jump height was derived from an accelerometer (Myotest, frequency 200 Hz), optic timing system (Optojump) and from a force plate (Kistler, frequency 800 Hz) using both flight time and force impulse algorithms. Peak force, peak velocity, and peak power were calculated by the accelerometer and force plate. Results: The Myotest resulted in systematic bias, overestimating jump height by 8.0 ± 2.1 cm (p < .001) compared to force impulse algorithm; flight time algorithm by 5.5 ± 2.0 cm (p < .001) using the force plate and by 5.9 ± 2.0 cm (p < .001) using the Optojump. The Myotest also underestimated peak force by 167 ± 182 N (p < .001). Compared to force impulse algorithm, the Myotest displayed less agreement for peak velocity (r2 = .245) and peak power (r2 = .557). Conclusion: Accelerometers are valid and may be used consistently to evaluate countermovement jump height. However, they are not valid, and should neither be used to measure peak force, velocity, or power nor be compared against other methods due to a bias.


The utility model discloses a mounting positioning regulation device for electromechanical equipment, and relates to the technical field of equipment mounting positioning regulation tools. The device consists of a bottom plate, support plates, a threaded rod and a connecting rod, and is characterized in that the threaded rod is sleeved in through holes at the left and right ends of the rectangular bottom plate in a sliding way; a fastening nut is arranged at the left end of the threaded rod, and a limiting nut is arranged at the right end of the threaded rod; an inverted 'U'-shaped clamping ring is sleeved on the threaded rod between the fastening nut and the left end face of the bottom plate; the connecting rod is clamped and fixed in the inverted 'U'-shaped clamping ring; two 'L'-shaped support plates are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom plate; a transverse adjusting bolt is in threaded connection with the plate surface of one 'L'-shaped support plate, and a longitudinal adjusting bolt is in threaded connection with the plate surface of the other 'L'-shaped support plate; and a height adjusting bolt is in threaded connection with the bottom plate on the left sides of the 'L'-shaped support plates. The device is simple in structure, convenient to operate, time-saving and labor-saving, positioning in equipment mounting can be rapidly realized, and equipment mounting accuracy can be ensured.


The effect of spatially localized, time-periodic forcing on the Fe∣1 M H2SO4 system is studied experimentally within the oscillatory and excitable region. The electrode surface is perturbed locally or globally by a laser
 beam. The resulting response depends strongly on the period and phase of the external forcing. When periodic laser perturbations are applied to the excitable state, the resulting response is large excitations for
 a large forcing period and pairs of small and large excitations for a small forcing period. During autonomous oscillations the response is entrained either completely or by combinations of autonomous and excitable peaks. A systematic procedure is applied, based on single perturbation experiments, for the construction of one-dimensional maps for the periodically forced oscillator. A mathematical model is proposed for the
 description of the dynamical
 phenomena induced by the laser light.
 The model equations predict most of the experimental findings.


Three-body channels constructed from two-body {ital N}{Delta} and {Delta}{Delta} states with non-nucleonic {ital JT}{pi} values ({ital J},{ital T}, and {pi} denote conserved angular momentum, isospin, and parity, respectively) appear in the three-body Faddeev equation. The effects of such exotic'' channels on the triton binding energy ({ital E}{sub {ital T}}) are studied here for the first time, using the Argonne V28 {Delta} model. Two types of exotic {ital JT}{pi} sectors are distinguished: Pauli exotic'' sectors from which {ital NN} channels are absent due to the Pauli principle and spin considerations, and isospin exotic'' sectors which have the non-nucleonic value ({ital T}=2) of the two-body isospin. Pauli exotic contributions to {ital E}{sub {ital T}} are found to yield about 90 keV of repulsion, while isospin exotics add another 55 keV to this figure, for a total effect of about 145 keV. Exotic effects thus only slightly modify our previous V28-model result for {ital E}{sub {ital T}} based on nonexotic {ital NNN}, {ital NN}{Delta}, {ital N}{Delta}{Delta}, and {Delta}{Delta}{Delta} configurations, moving it from about 7.29 MeV down to about 7.14 MeV. This worsens the triton binding energy defect to about 1.5 MeV. Exotic effects are further decomposed and overall implications are discussed as well.


Aiming at solving the coupling and time-consuming problem in motion estimation from images, a recursive estimator comprised of two sequential Kalman filters is proposed. 3D motion of a rigid object can be decomposed into translation of a point fixed on the object, called rotation center, and rotation w.r.t. this point. The rotational parameters are proved to be separate with the others, which means the motion has the potential to be decoupled. Viewing the moving object as a dynamic system, called moving object system, motion estimating is formulated as a state estimation problem. Decoupling the moving object system into two sub-systems, then the dual-sequential-Kalman-filter can be designed to estimate the states of the moving object system, thus a high dimension filter is replaced with two reduced ones. As time cost in computing depends on the third power of the dimension of the estimator, the time-consuming problem is solved partly. The performance of dual-sequential-Kalman-filter is illustrated using both simulated and real image sequences, two important merits, accuracy and robustness, are presented with the experiment results.


The Elkin papers, or the material on Aborigines collected by Emeritus Professor A. P. Elkin, are discussed. A categorised guide to the collection, which comprises written material, published material, films, tape-recordings and maps relating to Australian Aborigines, is presented.


Existing domain adaptation approaches generalize models trained on the labeled source domain data to the unlabeled target domain data by forcing feature distributions of two domains closer. However, these approaches are likely to ignore the semantic information during the feature alignment between source and target domain. In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised domain adaptation framework to learn the cross-domain features and disentangle the semantic information concurrently. Specifically, we firstly combine the task-specific classification and domain adversarial learning to obtain the cross-domain features by mapping the data of both domains with the shared feature extractor. Secondly, we integrate the domain adversarial learning and the within-domain reconstruction to disentangle the semantic information from the domain information. Thirdly, we include a cross-domain transformation to further refine the feature extractor, which in turn improves the performances of the task classifier. We compare our proposed model to previous state-of-the-art methods on domain adaptation digit classification tasks. Experimental results show that our model achieves better performances than the other counterparts, which demonstrates the superiority and effectiveness of our model.


The present work aims the characterization of a natural gas/air partially premixed flame (PPF) reactive flow in a bluff body burner under laminar conditions in equivalence ratio of 2.1, 1.7 and 1.2. The laboratorial bluff body burner is composed of a central outflow for the premixed reactants and an annular air flow. The latter allows for the stabilization of the flame meanwhile it prevents external aerodynamic influence on the behavior of the flame. For the velocity field measurements, a 2D Particle Image Velocimetry, PIV, optical diagnostic system is employed. The PIV system comprises of two Nd:YAG lasers with an output wavelength of 532 nm. Titanium dioxide particles, TiO2, are used as seeding particles in the premixed flow. The displacement of the seeding particles between two laser pulses with a known short time difference allows a planar velocity field determination. The stored images are processed using a software integrated with the system in order to obtain the medium velocity field. The software uses statistic data to obtain the correlation between two images acquired in an interval of time of an overlapped interrogation window. The major objective of this study is to examine the flame velocity field of laminar partially premixed natural gas and air flames in rich conditions. Three premixed flames under rich conditions have been studied in the present work with equivalence ratios of 2.1, 1.7 and 1.2 respectively. The study focused on: (1) analyze the instantaneous velocity flow field of the three partially premixed flames, (2) analyze the mean velocity flow field formed from the instantaneous flow fields and (3) analyze the velocity behavior along the center line of the flame.


The effects of feeding diets with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to Astyanax altiparanae for different periods were investigated on carcasses' fatty acid profile and nutritional quality. The trial was laid out in a complete randomized design with eight feeding periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days) and four replicates. A total of 240 fish (3.4 ± 0.3 g) were distributed into four aquariums and fed with the diet containing 32% crude protein, 15 MJ kg-1 gross energy, and 2.5% of CLA. Feeding CLA diet for 49 days resulted in the higher deposition of CLA, CLA isomers, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The isomer c9,t11 was highly deposited than the t10,c12. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3, and n-6 increased with feeding period, whereas saturated (SFA), monounsaturated, and medium-chain fatty acids decreased. PUFA/SFA ratio, DHA/EPA, EPA+DHA, and thrombogenicity index increased linearly. Whereas atherogenicity index reduced, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio increased in quadratic effects over feeding time. No difference was observed for the n-6/n-3 ratio. Feeding A. altiparanae with 2.5% of CLA for a minimum of 35 days improves the fatty acid profile and provides a commercial product with good nutritional quality and functional benefits.


The principal part of the any zoom system is a two-component zoom system, which creates the necessary range of magnifications, focal lengths and fields of view. Over the last fcw years the utilization of the zoom systems has significantly increased. It is possible to avoid unnecessary design complica or by developing new design forms based on theory rather than adapting existing solutions. This paper explains the basic theory of two component zoom systems and presents a few new relatively simple high performance designs.


Nowadays medical data has been search by people for gathering the more and more information about drugs. The dialog discussions on chronic diseases and drug, as well as online audits and sites are getting to be more important assets for patients. Patients read online reviews, blogs and discussion forum ideas to have knowledge from the other patients with identical condition. Reviews about medicine which is obtaining from the patients are largely available at internet. Partitioning data from these significant collections of writings is helpful in testing. Extracting these huge medical data is challenging. In this research, drugs reviews are extracted by the specific aspect such as age and gender and then summarize all the reviews. For reviews extraction and summarization, various techniques are also discus in this paper.


Investigating actuality of ancient books in parts of libraries in Sichuan from quantity of collection,conservation and dilapidation condition,professional,and catalogue.By analysing the data of questionnaires,we find the actuality of ancient books' protection is in danger.It is necessary to find out the exact details and take several steps such as improving conservation and protection condition,reparing,and saving.


This paper proposes a novel semiautomatic system domain data analysis method. The method is based on the iterative acquisition and analysis of a large body of bibliometric data, generation of domain taxonomies, and creation of domain models. The method was applied on a smart grid case study through collection and analysis of more than 6000 documents. We have found that our method produces domain models of comparable quality to the traditional manually produced domain models in a more cost-effective way.


The present invention relates to an LED lighting apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus and an optical system. The optical wireless communication apparatus comprising: a light valve, a control information unit; irradiating the optical signal emitted by the light source body onto said light valve; said information control means for transmitting information to be digitized and controlled according to the processing result opening and closing of the shutter; light passing through said light valve signal received by the receiver means and the wireless communication apparatus corresponding to the optical and parse it restore the information to be transferred. Through the information control unit controls opening and closing of the shutter, so that the information to be transferred is modulated onto the transmission of visible light emitted by the light source, the illumination can also be implemented while the communication function, and communication can be realized without taking a dedicated communication band.


It has been reported that, in the counter-current annular two-phase flow where a liquid film flows down along the wall of vertical tube and gas flows up in the core, instability of liquid film results not from reversal of flow of liquid under surface shear but from instability of the wave occurring on the surface of liquid film. From this viewpoint, the instability of the wave was treated and a correlation of critical velocity at which the liquid film becomes unstable was derived. Critical heat fluxes of the two-phase thermosyphon for pure water, ethyl-alcohol, nhexane and carbon-tetrachloride as the working fluids were correlated and comparatively good agreement was obtained. In addition, the correlation derived was compared with the previous experimental expression of a flooding velocity in a wetted column and some discussions were made.


Using the electromyography data, the functional state of the maxillofacial region muscles of dental patients with bruxism signs and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was defined. After dental treatment, 122 patients aged 25–47 with bruxism signs and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and without it were examined. The disease duration was about 5 years. All patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 41 patients, whose bruxism signs were not combined with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The second group included 81 patients with the bruxism signs and the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. When performing surface electromyography of the maxillofacial region muscles (temporal, chewing, medial digastric) of the both-group patients at rest without load the differences in the bioelectric activity indicators were not observed. The indicator difference between the comparison groups appeared when conducting functional load tests that were 342 Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2020, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 341–349 expressed through the amplitude difference during tooth compression under the functional activity of the temporal and digastric muscles. Such data illustrate that the patients of the first group have bigger functional compensation than the patients of the second group. There also occurs cross compensation of temporal and digastric muscles. It is expressed symmetrically.


The five-membered ring of the title compound, C14H15NO3, has a flattened envelope conformation, while the eight-membered ring can be described as a highly distorted boat. Weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions determine the crystal packing.


Villebrumeuse lay out of the track of all railway traffic, and was only approachable by diligence from Brussels. The mail for Dover left London Bridge at nine o'clock, and could be easily caught by Robert and his charge, as the seven o'clock up-train from Audley reached Shoreditch at a quarter past eight. Travelling by the Dover and Calais route, they would reach Villebrumeuse by the following afternoon or evening. (382–83)


Scaling health information system from small scale pilots to national systems in developing countries poses a key challenge to system designers and health managers. As a consequence, many projects dissolve and die before they reach the scale where they are useful for information management. The concept of bootstrapping from the Information Infrastructure literature has proven useful to discuss and understand how to initiate and grow large-scale, complex and networked information systems from scratch. We use this concept to analyze and discuss an empirical case of building a large scale medical licensing system in a Southeast Asian country. Beyond describing the process leading up to the success of the licensing system, we contribute by identifying a range of factors influencing the bootstrapping process and we suggest extensions to make the bootstrapping strategy relevant in this context.


The education system in Finland is made of daycare programs (for babies and toddlers), a one-year preschool and a nine-year compulsory comprehensive school (from age 7 till age 16). After comprehensive school, a student can start upper secondary school, vocational secondary school or decide to work. Approximately half of the pupils go to upper secondary school upon graduation from comprehensive school and the other half go to vocational school. In 2011, 90.9 % of those who applied got a study placement. During that same year 5,762 applicants were left without a placement [1]. Only a minority choose not to apply for further education (2.1% in 2013, [2]). Students typically graduate from secondary school within three or four years, where the fourth year is optional. Higher education in Finland is provided by universities and polytechnics.


Introduction - The aim of this study was to analyze the pulp chamber roof topography from extracted human permanent first upper molars taking into account the presence and size of the Carabelli Tubercle (CT). Material and Methods - Thirty upper molars were divided into three groups of ten samples. Group1: showing pronounced CT; Group 2: showing lightly pronounced CT; Group 3: absence of CT. The samples were abraded transversally on an oclusal-cervical direction until all pulp horns were exposed and then on an apical-cervical direction in order to eliminate the pulp chamber floor without touching the corresponding roof. The specimens were photographed and the number of pulpal horns registered. The shape of the pulp chamber roof was drawn using lines tangential to the pulpal horns. Results - All specimens presented four pulpal horns. The pulp chamber was trapezium to square-shaped in all cases. Conclusions It appears from the present study that the pulp chamber roof from first upper molars is trapezium to square-shaped due to the presence of four pulpal horns irrespective of the CT presence or size.


Microservice architecture competes with the traditional monolithic design by offering benefits of agility, flexibility, reusability resilience, and ease of use. Nevertheless, due to the increase in internal communication complexity, care must be taken for resource-usage scaling in harmony with placement scheduling, and request balancing to prevent cascading performance degradation across microservices. We prototype Run Wild, a resource management system that controls all mechanisms in the microservice-deployment process covering scaling, scheduling, and balancing to optimize for desirable performance on the dynamic cloud driven by an automatic, united, and consistent deployment plan. In this paper, we also highlight the significance of co-location aware metrics on predicting the resource usage and computing the deployment plan. We conducted experiments with an actual cluster on the IBM Cloud platform. RunWild reduced the 90th percentile response time by 11% and increased average throughput by 10% with more than 30% lower resource usage for widely used autoscaling benchmarks on Kubernetes clusters.


Effective insights about market segmentation provide important information for social marketers in formulating a sound marketing plan. This importance could also be observed in the context of the digital segmentation of organ donors in Malaysia. Digital segmentation has become a crucial element in organ donation promotion as fuelled by the rapid shift to the digital world especially social media. In this sense, a sound marketing campaign for organ donation promotion is critically needed due to the low rate of organ donation registrations among Malaysians. Therefore, by focusing on people's inclination to shift to social media and the importance of organ donation in Malaysia, the current study presents a systematic literature review to examine the potential of digital segmentation regarding organ donation promotion via social media. The current study successfully identified university students as the digital target segment for organ donors in Malaysia. This study also observed a massive opportunity to discover a new market segment due to the rapidly increasing number of digital users and the anticipated higher demand for organ donation in the near future. Additional research could optimise the current study findings to further study the effectiveness of organ donation campaigns. Besides that, stakeholders such as the Ministry of Health Malaysia could benefit from current research findings in formulating a sound organ donation marketing campaign.


A for simultaneously forming an electrical connection and a quick release mechanical engagement fastener, comprising a multi-needle protruding portion of the electrical connection. The fastener further includes a projecting portion for receiving a multi-needle electrical connection to form one electrical connection means; a first protective shell, comprising a plurality of convex portions and a pin receiving means of the multi-needle projecting portions one; a second protective shell, further comprising means for receiving a plurality of pin portions and a plurality of projections projecting pin portion. The first and second protective shell is shaped such that the second protective casing receiving a first protective shell, to form a mechanical engagement. In addition, the first and second protective casing comprises at least one fixed and quick release mechanism to unlock the buckle, wherein the first and second protective shell further comprises at least one of a sealing mechanism for forming a connection without when the multi-needle seal around the projecting portion and at least one protective means for receiving a multi-needle projecting portions institutions.


The use of focused ultrasound as a minimally invasive treatment for tumours is expanding in the UK. The main target organs are the liver and kidneys. Single element and phased array transducers may be used clinically. In this paper some of the possibilities available with a linear array transducer in which all elements are driven in phase are investigated. An acoustic field program based on the optical Fresnel‐Kirchhoff diffraction theory has been used to model a segmented transducer. This device is a 15 cm focal length spherical bowl with an aperture diameter of 11 cm and a 5 cm diameter central hole in which may be placed an ultrasound imaging probe. It operates at 1.7 MHz and consists of ten equal area parallel strips. The aim of this study was to investigate how, by removing the contribution of individual segments to the field, a useful beam profile can be achieved using a combination of different active segments. An example of its possible use is to spare the ribs from potentially harmful intensities...


ABSTRACT The political and social transformation of the 1990s required the bantustans, the minions of apartheid, to be spatially reintegrated into mainstream South Africa. There has been some academic and media speculation about the fate of capital cities in the former bantustans in post-apartheid South Africa. This paper critically assesses the different arguments presented to support location of the capital city in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). In KZN the debate about the location of the capital has been intense and emotional, sometimes threatening to upset the fragile political balance in the province. Since 1994 there were calls within the echelons of the IFP for the capital to be established at Ulundi. However, the ANC, other political parties and the business sector preferred Pietermaritzburg as capital. The old power struggle between the ANC and the IFP was seen to be at the heart of the disagreement. A major issue was the role of the capital in promoting growth and development, and whether its location should be centralised or decentralised. Based on the international experience the paper suggests that the new capital cities like Ulundi would not realise the great expectations for promoting growth and development for two reasons. Firstly, there were serious economic and financial constraints. Secondly, the commitment of many governments to stimulate growth and development often served as a smokescreen to conceal political motives to relocate capitals. Clearly, there is a role for Ulundi as a regional development node, with an agricultural/rural focus, for which the town is well located. However, politically this would be a consolation prize for the IFP.


A simplified technique for monitoring intracranial pressure via a subdural catheter is presented. It utilizes a commercially available Silastic catheter inserted through a frontal twist drill approach. Twenty patients have been treated thus far without complication. Advantages over other extraventricular monitoring techniques are presented.


Developing modular systems is one of today's best practices, since modularity, based on the "divide and conquer" philosophy, improves development time and contributes to system flexibility and comprehensibility (PARNAS, 1972). The concept of Modularity was born from the purpose of dividing a system into independent modules that enables to make independent changes (PARNAS, 1972). However, when it comes to the development of programming languages, modularity is not carefully defined to indicate techniques and/or features that actually supply it. This work aims to characterize the concept of modularity in the development of programming languages from the viewpoint of the designers. A general concept of modularity is sought for what the objective can achieve. The characterization of modularity was structured was based on reading of articles, which was marked by a Systematic Review of Literature in the time range of 1972–1988.


A cellular telecommunication switching system responsive to an emergency call from a cellular telephone to request that the geo-coordinates be transmitted from the cellular telephone and to convert those coordinates into conventional municipality or rural address location information. In one embodiment, the cellular telecommunication switching system utilizes an internal database to convert the geo-coordinates to location information. In another embodiment, the cellular telecommunication switching system utilizes an external database to perform this conversion. In yet a third embodiment, a cellular telephone performs the conversion and transmits to the cellular telecommunication switching system the location information.


By qualitative and quantitative analysis method, the species composition and dominant genera of Periphytonic ciliates on the shells of Haliotis diversicolor in cultivation environment were studied. During the cultivation, totally 58 species of ciliates were found, belonging to 3 classes, 9 orders and 35 genera. The dominant ciliate species were Vorticella and Zoothamnium, especially Z. alternans. This species, with a higher abundance, was found on each abalone shell. The ciliate community succession on the shells and its effecting factors were also discussed.