A study has been made of the bacterial flora in the sewage supplied to, and the effluent from, the bacteria beds which deal with the liquors produced at the Coventry gasworks. A high count in the effluent from the beds of bacteria containing an oxidase system, or a relatively large increase in the viability of such organisms when compared with the original sewage, has been found to be concurrent with good purification in the beds, and vice versa. The bacterial flora undergoes considerable modification in the beds, and also when mixed with 4 per cent, of its volume of spent liquor in the laboratory. The total viable count of the treated sewage is reduced under these conditions, but the count of those bacteria which give the direct oxidase reaction and therefore catalyse the oxidation of catechol is relatively increased. A gram negative vibrio (strain 0 1) is the only bacterium isolated which has proved capable of breaking down monohydric phenols. It has been constantly isolated from the effluent liquors. Gasworks' ammonia liquor in the relatively high concentrations used exerts a markedly toxic action on all types of sewage bacteria, and the purification of this liquor by the beds is not so satisfactory. The toxicity is probably caused by the highly alkaline reaction of the liquor. This investigation was commenced by one of us (F. C. H.) in conjunction with Dr Allan C. Monkhouse, who was at the time Research Chemist to the Liquor Effluents Sub-Committee of the Institution of Gas Engineers. Dr Monkhouse accepted another appointment shortly after the commencement of the work, and was therefore unable to assist further, but we should like to express our indebtedness to him during the initial period. We are also indebted to Prof. J. W. McLeod and Prof. J. W. Cobb for their kindly interest and encouragement, and to Mr P. N. Langford, Engineer and Manager of the Coventry Gas Department, for the facilities he so generously placed at our disposal at Coventry. One of us (F. C. H.)is in receipt of grants from the Medical Research Council, and would again express his thanks to that body. One of us (A. K.) is indebted to the Liquor Effluents and Ammonia Sub-Committee of the Institution of Gas Engineers for permission to publish this work.


In this article we consider the boolean optimization problem of finding the set of Pareto optimal solutions. The vector objectives are the positive cuts of linear functions to the non-negative semi-axis. Initial data are subject to perturbations, measured by the l 1-norm in the parameter space of the problem. We present the formula expressing the extreme level (stability radius) of such perturbations, for which a particular solution remains Pareto optimal.


Abstract Brown bears (Ursus arctos) are the largest among terrestrial mammals and are at the center of most human-wildlife conflicts, but there has been little ecological research on the species in Turkey. The aim of this study was to document the litter size and diet of brown bears in the province of Artvin. Observations of brown bears were conducted from 2004 to 2012, with a total observation time of 588 h. A total of 72 scats were collected and analyzed. Most bears (43.6%) were spotted during the mating season in late May and early June. The average litter size was 1.67 (n=39), and the average number of yearlings was 1.19 (n=27). The average survival of cubs-of-the-year to the succeeding year was 0.71. The bears' diet consisted mainly of herbaceous plants (87.5%). The average litter size observed was among the smallest, and the diet was among the most herbivorous documented in brown bear populations in the world. Monitoring and revealing the basic ecological parameters of the brown bears in Turkey may provide baseline data for the effective management and conservation of brown bear populations in southwest Asia.


Objective To observe the clinical effects of muscular frontal flap suspension surgery on sever congenital blepharotosis.Methods A skin incision 3-4cm away from upper lid margin to the place 1cm above the superciliary arcy was made in operation.A muscular frontal flap of 2cm in length was made between superciliary arch and periost and sutured to the upper lid plate.Results Of the 57 eyes,54 were cured after operation,two had less effects and one suffered from trichiasis after operation.The latter three cases received a second treatment by adjusting the suture positions.The follow up survey of 6 months to 2years showed that eyelids have restored to the normal positions without complications.Conclusion Muscular frontal flap suspension operation is an ideal operation for severe congenital blepharoptosis.


Improving methods for assessing the biological properties of milk is a currently important task. The level of carbonyl derivatives of proteins during iron-induced oxidative degradation of pasteurized milk proteins was used as a marker of the intensity of free radical processes. During incubation of milk under aerobic conditions for 48 hours, a 1.6 2.0 times increase of the content of carbonyl derivatives of proteins was found at all studied wavelengths (from 356 to 535 nm). Maximal increase in the level of carbonyl derivatives was observed at absorption wavelengths corresponding to neutral ketone dinitrophenylhydrazones and, especially, to basic ketone dinitrophenylhydrazones (by 80-100%). The addition of dihydroquercetin to the incubation medium significantly inhibited the formation of carbonyl derivatives of proteins; there was only a slight increase in dinitrophenylhydrazones by 15–25% at 428, 430 and 434 nm. Significant inhibition of the formation of carbonyl derivatives of milk proteins in the presence of a standard antioxidant confirms the free-radical nature of the formation of carbonyl derivatives of pasteurized milk proteins and indicates the possibility of using the evaluation of the level of carbonyl derivatives of milk proteins during aerobic incubation to detect the level of antioxidant activity of dairy products. Keywords—antioxidant activity, oxidative modification of proteins, carbonyl derivatives, pasteurized milk, dihydroquercetin, iron-induced oxidative destruction.


This research aims to increase the extent of utilization of soybean curds coagulated with (GDL) as a protein soarce by analyzing nutritive guality and preference to them. The curds were made from two kinds of soybean, domestic and imported. The results were as follows; 1. The yield of the domestic soybean curd was higher than that of the imported. 2. The total nitrogen and amino acid content of the GDL soybean curd were higher in the do- mestic while lipid and ash were higher in the imported one. 3. Rheological properties such as hardness, toughness, springiness and chewiness were higher in the domestic soybean curds than those of tile imported. 4. The 'L' values of the GDL soybean curds were higher in the domestic. However, there were no significant differences in the 'a' and 'b' values between the domestic and the imported soybeans. 5. According to the organoleptic the GDL soybean curds were not so favorable to our preferences .


Ghrelin, a ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, is an orexigenic hormone produced in the gastrointestinal tract. In humans and other animals, circulating ghrelin levels fluctuate over the course of the day in relation to food intake. If circulating ghrelin plays a role in determining food intake from meal to meal, it will be important to understand the factors that regulate plasma ghrelin levels in relation to feeding. Circulating ghrelin levels also appear to reflect body weight changes over the longer term, raising the possibility that ghrelin functions as an adiposity signal. This review discusses some of the factors known to affect ghrelin levels, including nutrient stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract, diet composition, and weight loss. We also consider potential hormonal and neural mediators of the effects of nutrients and weight change on ghrelin levels.


$D$ is a non-empty convex bounded closed subset of $K$ , and $F$ : $D\rightarrow 2^{K}$ is a multifunction with non-empty convex compact values $F(x)\subset D$ , which is h-upper semicontinuous $(^{\prime}h^{\prime\prime}$ stands for "in the sense of Pompeiu-Hausdorff") and K-compact, then there exists an $x_{0}\in D$ such that $x_{0}\in F(x_{0})$ . This theorem has been generalized in several directions. The interested reader can consult Hu and Papageorgiou [9], $Istr\dot{a}Jescu[11]$ , Joshi and Bose [12], Ma [16], Sehgal, Singh and Watson [23], and the references therein. In the present paper we consider some variants of Kakutani-Fan's fixed point theorem in hyperspaces. Denote by $\mathcal{K}$ the hyperspace of all non-empty convex bounded closed subsets of $K$ endowed with the Pompeiu-Hausdorff metric $h$ . Let $\mathcal{D}$ be a non-empty convex bounded closed subset of $\mathcal{K}$ . If $F$ : $\mathcal{D}\rightarrow 2^{\mathcal{K}}$ is a h-upper semicontinuous and -compact multifunction, with non-empty convex bounded closed values $F(X)\subset \mathcal{D}$ , then we show that there exists an $X_{0}\in \mathcal{D}$ such that $X_{0}\in F(X_{0})$ . As a corollary we obtain a hyperspace version of the fixed point theorem of Brouwer and Schauder (see [12]) for h-continuous and -compact maps $F$ : $\mathcal{D}\rightarrow \mathcal{D}$ . Actually we shall prove a Kakutani-Fan's type result (see Theorem 1) in a slightly more general setting, which seems more convenient for applications. One of its corollaries is used to establish the existence of solutions to a Cauchy problem, for differential equations with set-valued solutions, under Peano type assumptions.


This photodynamic research used chlorophyll photosensitizer and 634nm diode laser to enhance diabetic wound healing rate. 30 male mice (Mus musculus) were divided randomly into six groups, i.e. normal control group, diabetic control group with and without metformin, treatment group with laser beam energy density D1 (1.4 J/cm2), D2 (2.16 J/cm2), and D3 (2.85 J/cm2). An alloxan injection was used to induce diabetic condition (0.13 mg/g mice weight) via intraperitoneal injection. After the topical photosensitizer injection was done, the wounds were exposed with laser beam on the first day the incision wound has been made. Each wound length was measured every day with millimeter ruler. For the wound width, it was measured after Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The skin tissue was sacrificed on the third day for the histology sample preparation. Laser with energy densities of 1.42 J/cm2, 2.16 J/cm2, and 2.85 J/cm2 showed positive results in the wound healing acceleration. The optimum energy density found is 1.42 J/cm2. For the next research, it is necessary to find optimum energy density around 1.42 J/cm2.


We report the detection of CO emission from the optically luminous, radio-quiet quasar J140955.5+562827 (hereafter J1409+5628), at a redshift $z_{\rm CO} =2.583$. We also present VLA continuum maps and VLBA high spatial resolution observations at 1.4 GHz. Both the CO(3$\rightarrow$2) and CO(7$\rightarrow$6) emission lines are detected using the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer. The 3$\rightarrow$2/7$\rightarrow$6 line luminosity ratio is about 1/3, indicating the presence of warm and dense molecular gas with an estimated mass of 6 $\times$ 10 10  $M_\odot$. The infrared-to-CO luminosity ratio $L_{\rm FIR}/L^\prime_{\rm CO(1\rightarrow0)} \approx 500$ $L_\odot$ (K km s -1  pc 2 ) -1 , comparable to values found for other high- z sources where CO line emission is seen. J1409+5628 is detected using the VLA with a 1.4 GHz rest-frame luminosity density of 4.0 $\times$ $10^{25}~\rm W~Hz^{-1}$. The rest-frame radio to far-infrared ratio, q , has a value of 2.0 which is similar to the values found in star forming galaxies. At the 30 mas resolution of the VLBA, J1409+5628 is not detected with a 4 σ upper limit to the surface brightness of 0.29 mJy beam -1 . This implies a limit to the intrinsic brightness temperature of 2 $\times$ $10^5~{\rm K}$ at 8 GHz, typical for nuclear starbursts and more than two orders of magnitude fainter than typical radio-loud active galactic nuclei. Both the properties of the CO line emission and the radio emission from J1409+5628 are therefore consistent with those expected for a star forming galaxy. In J1409+5628 young massive stars are the dominant source of dust heating, accounting for most of the infrared luminosity. The massive reservoir of molecular gas can sustain the star formation rate of a few $1000~M_\odot~{\rm yr}^{-1}$ implied by the far-infrared luminosity for about 10 million years.


• Infections outside the intestinal tract, such as pneumonia, those of the urinary tract, or any infection caused by Gram-negative bacteria can lead to endotoxemia, which may present with clinical signs of colic. • Lipomas (fatty abdominal tumors) can impede blood flow to an intestinal loop, causing ischemia—death of the intestinal tissue affected—and colic. • Conditions affecting the locomotor system, such as laminitis and other forms of lameness, can also cause colic.


Through a successive procedure of polymerization and esterification,a new lubrication oil pour point depressant,the polymer of fumaric acid mixed with higher alcohols ester-vinyl acetate(PPFVA),was synthesized with fumaric acid,vinyl acetate and mixed higher alcohols as raw materials.Through single factor and orthogonal experiments,the optimum polymerization conditions for preparing PPFVA were ascertained as follows:n(fumaric acid)∶n(vinyl acetate)=1∶0.75,w(BPO)=1.5%,polymerization time 3.5 h,polymerization temperature 70 ℃,w(toluene)=55%,while the optimum conditions for esterification were as follows,n(fumaric acid-vinyl acetate polymer)∶n(mixed higher alcohols)=1∶2,w(p-toluenesulfonic acid)=1.5%,w(toluene)=50%.The infrared analysis shows that the molecular functional group of the prepared products matches with that of the designed target products.When the dosage of the pour point depressant was 1.16%(mass fraction) in the lubrication oil,△SP of the lubrication oil could be lowered by 17 ℃ at best.


On the basis of the theory of information and communication and the contents of IT application in agriculture as the theoretic basis to build the National IT application Quotient,following the of principle of combination of scientific and practicability,the principle of combination of comprehensiveness and conciseness,the principle of combination of criterion and opening,consulting the six elements of national information and "The Framework of National IT application Indices",considering the complicated source and measuring of the index data,we divide the measuring index system of IT application in agriculture into six kinds and twenty one indexes.


A high level of social support was a consistent predictor of preventive health behaviors among 936 elderly members of a health maintenance organization. Beliefs about the importance of preventive health behaviors contributed more toward predicting their performance than did other respondent characteristics. These results suggest that efforts to increase the practice of preventive health behaviors by the elderly might be augmented by strengthening both theirsocial support networks and their health-promotive beliefs.


In this paper we illustrate one of the most fascin ating things about the Fibonacci numbers: their connection to nature. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE The "greatest European mathematician of the middle ages", his full name was Leonardo of Pisa, now known as Fibonacci short for filius Bonacci . Fibonacci's mathematical contribution is memorial. He was one of the first people to introduce the Hindu-Arabic number system into Europe - the positional system we use today - based on ten digits with its decimal point and a sy mbol for zero: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 In 1202, his book on how to do arithmetic in the de cimal system is called Liber abbaci (meaning Book of the Abacus or Book of Calculating ). Fibonacci numbers and the Fibonacci sequence are prime examples of "how mathematics is connected to seemingly unrelated thi ngs." Each term in the Fibonacci sequence is called a Fibonacci number. Even though these numbers were introduced in 1202, they remain fascinating and mysterious to people to day. Fibonacci gave a problem in his book discovering th e magical numbers by analyzing the birth rate of rabbits. Fibonacci's Problem: "Someone placed a pair of rabbits in a certain plac e, enclosed on all sides by a wall, to find out how many pairs will be born in the course of on e year, it being assumed that every month a pair of rabbits produces another pair, and that r abbits begin to bear young two months after their own birth." Fibonacci's Solution : The Fibonacci Sequence! Even if the growth rabbit's population problem is f ar from being a biologically realistic problem, rabbits helped Fibonacci to discover one o f the great marvels of nature. MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH The most ubiquitous, and perhaps the most intriguin g, number pattern in mathematics is Fibonacci sequence. The pattern of the "numbers of life" is elegantly simple. The first number of the sequence is 0, the second number is 1, and e ach subsequent number is equal to the sum of the previous two numbers of the sequence itself. In mathematical terms, it is defined by the following recurrence relation:


ABSTRACT POULTRY consumers in some areas prefer poultry having an abundance of yellow pigment in the skin and shanks. Palmer (1915) reported that xanthophyll supplied by the diet is the principal pigment in egg yolk, body fat, blood plasma and skin, especially of the shanks and claws. Several methods have been developed for the evaluation of the degree of pigmentation in the shanks of birds by comparing the color of the shanks with known standards. Brown (1930) used the Bradley color top to measure shank color. Differences in pigmentation were visible after one week in chicks hatched from eggs where the hen's diet contained pimiento. Maw (1939) determined the color of the body fat, skin, and shanks by comparing them with carotene. Ringrose, Norris and Heuser (1939) compared the intensity of the shank color with a series of glass tubes colored with various shades of yellow which had been used in . . .


The understanding of the interaction of organic species with inorganic surfaces and nanostructures constitutes a step forward in the development of novel hybrid devices, such as sensors and solar cells. In this work the structural and electronic properties of clean and defective ZnO non-polar surfaces modified with acetic acid have been investigated by using the self-consistent charge density-functional based tight-binding method (SCC-DFTB). In particular, the adsorption of acetic acid, the role of surface defects and the relevant mechanisms acting on surface stabilization are discussed.


In discussion of mechanisms, philosophers often debate about whether quantitative descriptions of generalizations or qualitative descriptions of operations are explanatorily fundamental. I argue that these debates have erred by conflating the explanatory roles of generalizations and patterns. Patterns are types of variations within or between quantities in a mechanism over time or across conditions. While these patterns must often be represented in addition to descriptions of operations in order to explain a phenomenon, they are not equivalent to generalizations because their explanatory role does not depend on any specific facts about their scope or domain of invariance.


ABSTRACT Community service activities by applying the Psychological Well-Being (PWB) model to former SMPN X retired teachers in Cimahi city, West Java, in an effort to foster happiness and pride in their alumni, which is carried out through a counseling process. The purpose of this activity is to foster a sense of happiness and pride for the retired teachers towards the Alumni.The implementation method used is the display and lecture method. Activities are carried out face-to-face to them from five act-driver are academian, doctors, and psychologist. The number of retired teachers that we provide counseling is as many as 17 retired teachers. The activity process starts from planning activities, giving invitations, welcoming, providing counseling and alumni appearances, providing basic necessities, closing and evaluating activities. During the process, the event that most attracted the attention of the post-teacher was the introduction and appearance of successful career people and showing that the knowledge received during junior high school was very useful in their career life. The Psychological Well-Being model is a packaging for material and how to treat life in life, how to accept life, think positively towards other former teachers, increase the value of their lives, aim and purpose in life at the end of retirement, and adapt to the surrounding environment.


The results are given of a numerical calculation of the parameters of spontaneous and stimulated radiation emitted by a nanosecond microwave discharge in nitrogen excited in the field of a cylindrical TE wave in a tube and in free space. An analysis is made of the self-matched dynamics of a microwave discharge and of electronic states of nitrogen molecules, which govern both the emission of radiation from a discharge plasma and lasing. The calculated and experimental results are compared.


In 1870 a British company linked the new communication technology of that era the submarine telegraph cable to the English-speaking Caribbean' 1 by means of a hook-up between Jamaica and the transAtlantic cable completed four years earlier. Three weeks later the government of Barbados passed as Act (4 October 1870) to 'encourage and promote the establishment of communications by means of the Electric Telegraph between this island and the other West Indian Colonies and the Continents of Europe and America.'2 It is interesting to note that a primary goal of the Barbados government was greater conmunication within the West Indies. In 1871 1 much of the rest of the Caribbean was linked by cable to Puerto Rico and thereby to the United Kingdom and Europe. Then, as is typically the case now, the links of Caribbean countries with the external world were better than the links with each other. Then, as now, the national self-interest of those who controlled the communication technology largely determined the direction and nature of the links. By the early 20th century wireless began to challenge the supremacy cable and in 1924 the British House of Commons approved the West Indies Cable and Wireless scheme which was regarded as important to


A very low pressure sensor has been proposed to be used in the eye for glaucoma treatment with pressure ranging from 10 mmHg to 75 mmHg. This paper presents process development of thin layer membrane for very low pressure sensor application. The structure of the membrane consists of parallel plate which both top and bottom electrodes were fixed at both sides. Utilizing CMOS compatible process, fabrication of the thin layer membrane involved in three stages; i) hole opening etch, ii) sacrificial intermediate oxide release etch and iii) closing of etch holes. Our work focuses on the characterization of holes opening etch size for the intermediate oxide release. Another study was carried out to understand the behavior of sealing off the hole openings etch. This study involved different deposition technique such as LPCVD, PECVD and combination both of them. The findings from these experiments are presented in this paper.


A switch includes a magnet, the magnet providing both a mechanical actuation of the switch is also provided an electrically operated switch. The system controller detects the state of the switch, and based on the state of the switch to control operation of a structure or a plurality of systems. The system controller may switch to detect the state of the switch by detecting the position of the magnet.


Genetic diversity levels in 4 native populations of Finnish spruce and Scots pine each and 2 fields of conifer seed orchard growing in Karelia have been investigated using microsatellite loci. As a result high levels of basic genetic diversity parameters have been revealed for native populations of both species. It was found that expected heterozygosity figers calculated for the populations investigated were higher than the observed ones. This case thereby indicates a deficit of heterozygotes in the Karelian pine and spruce populations. Genetic diversity figures found for spruce seed orchard were much lower than for native populations of Picea x fennica. This fact, in our opinion, reflects the unsufficent representation of genetic pool both within the seed orchard field investigated and in spruce plus trees' breeding population on the whole. Scots pine seed orchard has been characterised by a high level of genetic diversity matched to native populations one.


A simplified dual-gate GaAs FET microwave model consisting of a cascode connection of single-gate FET's is developed, tested for validity, and discussed herein. Computer generated S-parameters of the model are compared to those measured for an actual device in the 2 to 9 GHz frequency range.


While Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is known to be a prominent method, there is still a need for appropriate structures to achieve high accuracy. Structure optimization is usually handcrafted, and there is a raising need for an automated optimization method. In this research, we introduce an auto-encoder to create new structures and apply Differential Evolution with an Individual-Dependent Mechanism (IDE) to a simple CNN Structure optimization problem. Experiments using the proposed framework have been conducted on the Cifar10 dataset. Experimental results showed that the proposed method is fit as a structure optimizer.


Decisions made by domain experts, such as in healthcare and market research, are influenced by the conditional co-occurrence of different events. Learning about conditional co-occurrence is also beneficial for non-experts–the general public. By understanding the co-occurrences of diseases, it is easier to understand which diseases individuals are susceptible to. However, co-occurrence data is often complex. In order for a public understanding of conditional co-occurrence, there needs to be a simpler form to convey such complex information. We introduce an organic visual metaphor, which can provide a summary of the conditional co-occurrences within a large set of items and is accessible to the public with its organic shape. We develop a prototype application offering not only an overview for users to gain insights on how co-occurrence patterns evolve based on user-defined criteria (e.g., how do sex and age affect likelihood), but also functionality to explore the hierarchical data in-depth. We conducted two case studies with this prototype to demonstrate the effectiveness of our design.


Decision making in advanced driver assistance systems involves in general the estimated trajectories of the surrounding objects. Multiple object tracking refers to the process of estimating in real time these trajectories, leveraging for this purpose sensors to detect the objects. This paper deals with devising attacks on object tracking in automated vehicles. The vehicle is assumed to have a detection-based object tracking system that relies on multiple sensors and uses an estimator such as a Kalman filter for sensor fusion and state estimation. The attack goal is to modify the object's state estimated by the victim vehicle to put the vehicle in an unsafe situation. This goal is achieved by judiciously perturbing some or all of the sensor outputs corresponding to the object of interest over a desired horizon. A stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) problem is formulated to compute the sequence of perturbations, whereby hard constraints on the perturbations and probabilistic chance constraints on the object's state are imposed. The chance constraints ensure that some desired conditions for a successful attack are satisfied with a prespecified probability. Reasonable assumptions are then made to obtain a computationally tractable linear SMPC program. The approach is demonstrated on an adaptive cruise control system in a simulation environment, where successful sequential attacks are generated, leading the victim vehicle into dangerous driving situations including collisions.


The invention discloses a Panax Notoginseng-containing flour making method. The method comprises the following steps: weighing the following raw materials, by weight, 1000-1200 parts of wheat flour, 100-200 parts of mung bean flour, 50-70 parts of sweet rice flour, 150-200 parts of fresh bean dregs, 5-8 parts of Panax Notoginseng, 10-15 parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 10-15 parts of hawthorn fruit, 10-15 parts of mango core, 10-15 parts of dried orange peel, 5-10 parts of peach blossom, 5-10 parts of Camellia japonica, 10-15 parts of pomegranate leaf, 10-15 parts of leaf of Buxus bodinieri Levl., and 10-15 parts of Medulla Junci; and fermenting the bean dregs, and mixing. In the invention, the bean dregs are fermented, so the nutritional components of the bean dregs can be easily precipitated and are easily absorbed by human bodies; and the bean dregs are fermented by adopting a Chinese medicinal soup, so the taste of the soup is absorbed by the bean dregs, the medicinal taste is reduced, and the mouthfeel is improved. The Panax Notoginseng having a blood circulation invigorating effect is added to a formula, so the Panax Notoginseng-containing flour is helpful for reducing the risk of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases after long-term eating, and has a life prolonging function.


Intermolecular multiple-quantum coherences(iMQCs) originated from distant dipolar interactions among spins in different molecules have generated tremendous interests due to its unique properties.Compared to the conventional single-quantum coherence(SQC),iMQCs have following features:firstly,iMQC signals are related to the spins within the range of dipolar correlation distance;secondly,iMQC signals are related to the distribution of local field and susceptibility;finally,iMQCs hold special relaxation and molecular diffusion properties.IMQCs have been widely applied in NMR spectroscopy and MRI.In this review,we firstly made a brief introduction on the research history of iMQC phenomena and related theoretical explanations.We then expatiated on our research in iMQC field during the past ten-plus years,from the early research on the iMQC properties to the iMQC applications in NMR spectroscopy and MRI.


A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of establishing a sentinel human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance system involving patients with sexually transmitted diseases attending private clinics and a government sexually transmitted disease clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Information on risk behaviours for HIV infection were also collected. A total of 84 female and 91 male patients were interviewed and tested for HIV infection; 41.7% of the women reported working as prostitutes, other occupations included masseuses, hairdressers, waitresses, salesgirls, receptionists, factory workers, and others. The most common diagnosis was gonorrhoea. Other diagnoses included non-specific genital infection, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital herpes and syphilis. 58.3% of the women had a hundred or more sex partners during the previous month; 99% had 6 or more sex partners. Only 4.8% of female patients had their male partners using condoms most of the time, 11.9% hardly used condoms at all. Of the males, 93.3% were heterosexual, while 6.7% were bisexuals, 41.1% had between 6–20 different partners in the previous year. 78.0% of them had prostitutes as their sex partners most of the time. 41.8% had experiences in Thailand and the Philippines. 73.6% never used condoms, while 19.8% only used condoms rarely. Although all patients were tested negative for HIV antibodies, lot quality assurance sampling methods indicate that the upper limits of prevalences for females and males were 3.5% and 3.3% respectively, at a 5% type I error. The study has shown that it is feasible to carry out a sentinel surveillance programme among STD patients and provided useful baseline data for future comparisons. The high prevalence of risk behaviours among STD patients is alarming and underscores the urgency of multiagency cooperation and aggressive health education and behaviour change programmes to combat the growing problem of HIV infection in the country.


Zolt n Dornyei Language Teaching / Volume 31 / Issue 03 / July 1998, pp 117  135 DOI: 10.1017/S026144480001315X, Published online: 12 June 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S026144480001315X How to cite this article: Zolt n Dornyei (1998). Motivation in second and foreign language learning. Language Teaching, 31, pp 117135 doi:10.1017/S026144480001315X Request Permissions : Click here


The effect of thermal treatment on relaxation phenomena in Kr matrices irradiated with a low energy electron beam has been studied. The experiments were performed employing measurements of the relaxation emissions from preliminary irradiated Kr samples - quench-condensed and annealed before exposure to an electron beam. Three emissions were monitored in correlated in real time manner: thermally stimulated luminescence, thermally stimulated electron emission and total yield of particles via pressure measurements. The energy levels of defects were estimated from the thermally stimulated luminescence data of the annealed sample. Two types of electron-hole traps created by electronic excitation were identified - close pairs and distant ones. Additional confirmation of the"excited state"mechanism of defect formation was obtained. Analysis of the yields correlation and effect of thermal treatment gave additional arguments in support of the so-called crowdion model of anomalous low temperature ejection of particles from preliminary irradiated Kr matrices.


1.The Beginning of the Beat Generation 1.1. Historical Context 1.2. The Etymology of the Word Beat 1.3. How did the Beat Generation Emerge? 2. The Beginning of the Hippie Movement 2.1. Historical Context 2.2. The Etymology of the Word Hippie 2.3. How did the Hippie Movement Emerge? 3. Who Were They? 3.1.Who Were the Beats? Who Were the Hippies? The Comparison Philosophy The Philosophy of the Beat Generation ABSTRACT Both the Beat Generation and the Hippie movement were alternative ways of life which appeared throughout American history and were interconnected. Although those of the Beat Generation are considered the ancestors of the Hippies and these two movements indeed had certain features in common, there were also significant differences between them. Without the Beat Generation, Hippies would have never appeared. However, Hippies, as well as the Beats, had their own philosophy and style of life.


Aim: There is a great deal of controversy regarding whether flat foot (FF) is only a problem of static alignment of the ankle and foot complex, or the consequence of a dynamic functional change of the lower extremity and may lead biomechanical impairment in adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess the long term impairment in gait characteristics of adults who had FF since their childhood but never treated. Methods: Participants were 34 patients (25 female) with bilateral flexible FF and 34 age, gender height and weight matched normal subjects. Mean±SD age of the patients with FF was 43.7±9.7 years. Lateral talometatarsal and talocalcaneal angles were measured and recorded. Flat feet was diagnosed if lateral talometatarsal angle is>4°, and talocalcaneal angle is>30°. Three-dimensional gait analysis and concomitant videorecordings of all subjects were performed. Results: The mean±SD lateral talometatarsal and talocalcaneal angles were 6.3±2.5 and 56.1±8.6 degrees, respectively. The difference between the groups in terms of time-distance parameters, kinematic and kinetic characteristics of the hip, knees and ankles in the sagittal, coronal plane and transverse plane was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The gait pattern of the patients with untreated flexible FF in their fourth decade was not different than age matched able body controls'. Untreated flexible flat foot does not deteriorate gait pattern in


The melting behavior of Zn nanowires embedded in the holes of porous anodic alumina membrane with different diameters was studied by using the differential scanning calorimetry. The crystalline structure and morphology of Zn nanowire arrays were characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The melting temperature of Zn nanowire arrays shows the strong dependence on nanowire sizes. The melting temperature was curvilinear with the reciprocal of the diameter of nanowires with the change of the diameter, which was discussed in terms of size-dependent heat of fusion change.


This paper considers the problem of expressing predicate calculus in connectionist networks that are based on energy minimization. Given a first-order-logic knowledge base and a bound k, a symmetric network is constructed (like a Boltzman machine or a Hopfield network) that searches for a proof fora given query. If a resolution-based proof is length no longer k exists, then the global minima of the energy function that is associated with the network represent such proofs. If no proof exist then the global minima indicate the lack of a proof. The network that is generated is of size polynomial in... Read complete abstract on page 2.


T
he main controversy surrounding the surgical treatment of benign thyroid disease relates to the appropriate extent of resection, which shows a large spectrum of management strategies, from nodulectomy to total thyroidectomy. The aim of all these pro


The unprecedented growth of the number of World Englishes and needs of communication among experts calls for English language teaching programs to take into consideration the place and relevance of teachers' and learners' conceptualization of paradigm of WEs. The present research studies the global status of WEs and its conceptualization among Iranian English teachers and learners. It is presenting a thematic instrument to examine the extent to which Iranian EFL and ELIC-SP teachers' and learners' conceptualization of WEs can be effective in the fields of global communication, research, development and science. In the first phase of the present study a theoretical framework and its components were developed through reviewing the literature and conducting interviews with ELT experts and EFL and ESP learners. In the second phase, a questionnaire was developed and piloted with 300 participants who were available and willing to participate in the study. The 46 items of the newly-developed 'WEs Con.' scale were subjected to principal component analysis which revealed the presence of four components, relevance of WEs Con. To EFL, ESP, Culture, Ownership of English and Standard English. These phases led to the development of a questionnaire with four components and 46 items.


Business games give students the experience of running a business in a simulated way. The effectiveness of business games can be measured by representational validity, or as a simulated business resembles a real company. The aim of this study was to determine whether the elements of an organization, namely: participants, social structure, technology, and environmental goals, are to consistent to assess the representational validity of a business game. Concepts related to the validity of business games and elements of organizations were reviewed. Through participant observation and a survey applied to 155 students, who participated in a business game, we concluded that the elements of organization are a consistent way to discriminate companies that had success and failure in the business game. This result indicates the usefulness of these elements for studies to examine the representational validity of business games.


Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), an increase in the efficacy of synaptic transmission, has been considered a powerful candidate for the physiological basis of memory. Although hippocampal LTP has been induced by high frequency electrical stimulation of the presynaptic fiber in most studies, it has been reported that pharmacological blockade of potassium ion channels also induces synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, several studies have recently used a newly developed selective blocker and opener to demonstrate that potassium ion channels play an important role in memory and learning. This article reviews studies that have shown the possible involvement of potassium ion channels in memory function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity.


The U.S. Navy's seizure of a civilian's HIV lab report was upheld by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The Navy's actions were ruled to be key elements of a criminal investigation of an HIV-positive naval officer who engaged in unprotected sex. The civilian [name removed], and the officer, [name removed] [name removed], engaged in unprotected sexual acts on a number of occasions after [name removed] assured [name removed] he was HIV-negative. When [name removed] learned that [name removed] was HIV-positive, he reported [name removed] to his commanding officer. [Name removed] was under orders not to engage in sex without a condom. If [name removed]'s claims were correct, [name removed] could face court martial and discharge from the Navy. The Navy obtained a search warrant for [name removed]'s apartment and discovered a lab report showing [name removed] tested positive for HIV antibodies. The report was seized as evidence against [name removed] sued the Navy investigators claiming violation of his Fourth Amendment protection. A U.S. District Judge and the 9th Circuit Court found in favor of the defendants. The Navy's interest in collecting evidence of a serious crime outweighed [name removed]'s interest in protecting the confidentiality of his HIV status.


Are we forgetting the wisdoms of the seminal figure in the field of anorexia nervosa, Hilde Bruch? This text is based on rereading many of her central works on eating disorders. She is presented through a brief biographical sketch, and her work is discussed with reference to both her conceptual model on anorexia nervosa and her model for psychotherapy. Bruch's work is a demonstration of a willingness to challenge established truths, to experiment and to develop new knowledge and practices. She describes anorexia nervosa as an expression of deficits in the development of the psychological self. According to her, psychotherapy should be tailored directly to psychopathological processes. This means for Hilde Bruch a naïve stance, an active not-knowing position and an authentic exploration intending to stimulate the patient's curiosity on her/himself and a truer sense of oneself. Her ethos is that a clinical approach based on defining the patient and telling him or her what to do may be iatrogenic, i.e. causing harm.


Objective To explore the effect regularity of raw Phellodendri Cortex and its processed products on energy metabolism in fever rats. Methods After ig administration of water extracts from raw Phellodendri Cortex with doses of 9.519 and 1.058 g/kg for 7 d, rectal temperatures in fever rats caused by subcutaneous 2,4-dinitrophenol were determined. And then the activities of T3, T4, TSH, and TRH in plasma and LDH, SDH, Na+-K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in liver tissue were measured. Results Raw Phellodendri Cortex and Phellodendri Cortex processed by salt could reduce rectal temperature of fever rats, but the effect of Phellodendri Cortexprocessed by yellow wine had no significant effect. Raw Phellodendri Cortex and Phellodendri Cortex processed by salt could effectively reduce the levels of T3, T4, TSH, and TRH in rat plasma and LDH, SDH, Na+-K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in liver tissue. They could increase the content of glycogen in liver tissue. But the effects of Phellodendri Cortex processed by yellow wine on the contents of energy metabolism indexes were weaker. Conclusion Raw Phellodendri Cortex could improve the energy metabolism of fever rats related to thyroixine pathway. Processing by salt could strengthen these effects, while processing by yellow wine could alleviate the cold property of Phellodendri Cortex without obvious effect on the energy metabolism of fever rats.


If Singapore has rapidly become known internationally for its work in recruiting large numbers of elite foreign scientists—or 'foreign talent' (FT) in Singapore's terms—there remains much to learn about the state's current biotech programme through prior work conducted at National University Hospital (NUH), recognising that recent ambitions derive in part from a much more modest set of origins. Specifically, Dr Ariff Bongso's career mirrors this same series of incremental transitions, as he would move from working with in vitro fertilisation (IVF) per se to working with HESC (human embryonic stem cells) in the early to mid-1990s (1987–1994), at which point he came close to experiencing success in isolating HESC, a result which he qualified carefully with the language of 'stem-cell like' objects. This article considers the implications of reframing recent Singapore's biotech efforts by re-examining the state family-planning initiatives of the mid-1960s. In fact, many of the biological materials Bongso worked with in his research derived from the hospital's IVF programme, providing a material link between distinct research agendas possessing very different trajectories. Many of the same policy issues now being debated at Biopolis and in Singapore policy circles—how to mobilise productive international collaborative networks of researchers, as well as appropriate treatment and storage policies for a diverse range of human tissues—date to this earlier period (1966–1987) when precedents were first being established, suggesting that current policy can and should continue to be informed by the decisions of the past.


Robotics researchers are often faced with real-time constraints, and for that reason algorithmic and implementation-level optimization can dramatically increase the overall performance of a robot. In this paper we illustrate how a substantial run-time gain can be achieved by taking advantage of the extended instruction sets found in modern processors, in particular the SSE1 and SSE2 instruction sets. We present an SSE version of Monte Carlo Localization that results in an impressive 9x speedup over an optimized scalar implementation. In the process, we discuss SSE implementations of atan, atan2 and exp that achieve up to a 4x speedup in these mathematical operations alone.


A graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $xy\in E$. Word-representable graphs generalize several important classes of graphs such as $3$-colorable graphs, circle graphs, and comparability graphs. There is a long line of research in the literature dedicated to word-representable graphs. In this paper, we study word-representability of simplified de Bruijn graphs. The simplified de Bruijn graph $S(n,k)$ is a simple graph obtained from the de Bruijn graph $B(n,k)$ by removing orientations and loops and replacing multiple edges between a pair of vertices by a single edge. De Bruijn graphs are a key object in combinatorics on words that found numerous applications, in particular, in genome assembly. We show that binary simplified de Bruijn graphs (i.e.\ $S(n,2)$) are word-representable for any $n\geq 1$, while $S(2,k)$ and $S(3,k)$ are non-word-representable for $k\geq 3$. We conjecture that all simplified de Bruijn graphs $S(n,k)$ are non-word-rerpesentable for $n\geq 4$ and $k\geq 3$.


Subjective well-being has been widely studied, as well as efforts to develop relevant indicators to reveal well-being, but in expressing subjective well-being to parents who have children with special needs is still limited. On the other hand, an instrument to determine the well-being of parents who have children with special needs is needed along with some research which states that the well-being of a child can be determined, one of which is from a well-being parent in his life. This study aims to develop a subjective well-being measurement instrument for parents who have children with postlingual deafness. The scale developed was based on a review of well-being research conducted by Diener. This study aims to develop a valid subjective well-being measurement instrument for parents who have postlingual deafness children. The instrument preparation step begins with preparing a blueprint, conducting content validation, empirical testing, different power testing, and confirmatory factor analysis test. Respondents involved in this study were 336 parents who have postlingual deafness children domiciled in West Java. The results of the analysis of subjective well-being instruments in parents who have postlingual deafness children show that 30 items compiled have satisfactory psychometric properties when judging from the validity of the content, the different power of the item and the factor structure.


1 Description of the Benchmark We analyze in this test case a stochastic Petri net (SPN) model of protein synthesis [1] as depicted in Figure 1. In biological cells, each protein is encoded by a certain gene. Figure 1: SPN of the synthesis model If the gene is active, the corresponding protein will be synthesized. Also, proteins may degenerate and thus disappear after a time. Activation and deactivation of genes, protein synthesis (in case of active gene) as well as protein degeneration are modeled by stochastic rates. In the model, place p 1 corresponds to an inactive gene encoding the protein, p 2 corresponds to an active gene and p 3 gives the numbers of existing proteins. The transition t 1 deactivates the gene with rate µ, while t 2 activates it with rate λ. If the gene is active, t 3 can produce new proteins with rate ν. Each individual protein degenerates with rate δ, which is modeled by the transition t 4. We consider the property that, within time t but later than 10 time units, a state is reached in which 20 or more proteins exist and the gene is inactive. The following formula formalizes this property: P =? (F [10,t] p 3 ≥ 20 ∧ inactive) where inactive is an atomic proposition representing inactive genes.


A Monte-Carlo simulation of AC-generated partial-discharge (PD) pulses is described which can properly account for effects of phase-to-phase memory propagation. The results of the simulation have been tested by determination of various unconditional and conditional pulse amplitude phase-of-occurrence, and integrated charge distributions. The stochastic behavior of the simulated pulses is shown to be similar to that found experimentally for AC-generated PD in point-to-dielectric discharge gaps.<<ETX>>


The dependence of ethanol production by fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 251 TP(3-2) on zinc, sodium and potassium ion concentration was studied with the use of a statistical experimental design. The parameters of the ethanol concentration model proposed on the basis of the Box–Wilson experimental design method were evaluated using the experimental data. Comparison of the predicted values from the model with the experimentally observed values showed that the model is a good fit. From analysis of the model equation it was seen that zinc, sodium and potassium ion concentrations have significant main effects on ethanol production but there were no interactive effects of the ions. Using the developed model, the maximum ethanol concentration of 4.19% (v/v) was obtained when potassium, sodium and zinc concentrations were 7900, 930 and 3.04 mg L−1, respectively. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry


The present invention is a liposome comprising a polystyrene or silica spheres combine the types of nucleic acid structure labeled with a fluorescent substance on the surface inside the liposome-way diagnostic imaging system, the condition of use of the nucleic acid fluorescent nano fusions, the nano-fusions in disease diagnosis , and relates to a manufacturing method of the nano-fusions, more specifically, the present invention provides fusion was attached to the polystyrene or silica sphere surface making the Y-shaped nucleic acid structure labeled with a fluorescent substance, and to implement it in the cell technique (fusion technology) through the liposome to the double-coated film to the specific liposome surface, producing a nano fluorescent nucleic acid fusions, and, to a technique that utilizes a high-performance wide disease diagnosis. Liposomes according to the present invention the nucleic acid fluorescent nano fusion is if the cell membrane outside or may be a specific diagnosis by detecting the internal signals, the intracellular concentration is absolutely less messenger RNA and micro RNA in accordance with the object targeted it can keep high sensitivity diagnosis and, within the cell membrane, because they can be targeted to a variety of target material that is expressed on the outside is difficult to diagnose, such as triple negative breast carcinoma is also flexible to enable the diagnosis. In addition, there is an advantage that can be used by a wide variety of fluorescent, depending on how you want to diagnose the disease with a variety of cancers diagnosed at the same time.


Indonesia needs a satellite surveillance system for tracking its trajectory in real-time. Furthermore, this system is very useful in supporting the decision support system (DSS) through re-entry objects observation that has the potential to fall into Indonesian territories. System development leveraging a web-based application that can be easily accessed on various platforms. Commonly, applications rely on databases as the fundamental infrastructure for providing data input or storing the output produced by the model. Therefore, the proper database concept will enhance the application's reliability. This paper discusses the development of an orbital database system to support satellite surveillance applications. Our method combines relational and non-relational database approaches in collecting, querying, and writing data. We use a relational approach to store orbital parameter data from Space-Track API and a non-relational approach to record data yielded by the SGP4 model. As a result, this paper shows that our system can provide accessible data for the tracking application and display satellite trajectories map one hour ahead. In addition, we also present the orbital parameter information through a web-based catalog list providing detailed object properties.


Pavement subgrade characterization in terms of resilient modulus is essential for pavement design. This paper presented a new methodology to monitor and evaluate seasonal variation of subgrade resilient modulus. First, a kind of typical cohesive subgrade soil was tested to determine the relationship between tension and saturation degree utilizing soil tensiometer in laboratory , as well as the relationship between resilient modulus and saturation degree based on repeated triaxial test. The majority of the analyses had R2 values above 0.98, which indicates that a good correlation exists between tension, saturation degree and resilient modulus. Thus it is allowed to predict the resilient modulus of cohesive soil from the tension. In addition, a road section was instrumented, coupled with Falling Weight Defl;ectometer (FWD) deflection tests monthly over a period of a year. Further, AASHTO equation method and MODULUS program were both used to back-calculate the subgrade modulus based on the FWD deflection data. Finally, a corrective coefficient was suggested for pavement design when using the MODULUS program to back-calculate the subgrade modulus. A comparative analysis was conducted throughout the above process.


The cobalt K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure of a cobalt carbide compound, synthetized under in‐situ conditions, has been determined by using laboratory‐based and synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. We have carburized pure cobalt metal in‐situ, avoiding all adverse effects of metal‐support interactions as well as any degradation of the cobalt carbide formed. A non‐negative matrix factorization was applied to determine the features of the spectrum of cobalt carbide, highly needed to identify this phase in an unambiguous manner in cobalt‐based Fischer‐Tropsch catalysts.


Abstract Many discussions in the philosophy of the humanities and of the social sciences take it for granted that the term "interpretation" unambiguously refers to only one well-defined activity. In this paper, I want to discredit this assumption. First, I distinguish seventeen different kinds of activity regarding linguistic utterances which are commonly considered activities of interpretation. Then I specify diverse methodological requirements connected with each of the kinds of interpretation distinguished. Finally, I argue that attempts to give an unitary account of interpretation-such as 'assigning meaning to something'-fail to do justice to the multifariousness of the activities commonly called 'interpretation'.


A voltage monitoring circuit is connected to monitor voltage of fewer than all cells of a series stack of energy storage cells. The individual cell voltages in the stack are balanced using voltage equalizers, so that the voltage of any one cell or a combination of selected cells is indicative of the voltage of each individual cell in the stack. Monitoring the voltage of the selected cells can thus replace monitoring the individual cell voltages. The voltage monitoring circuit can be combined with one of the voltage equalizers. In one exemplary embodiment, each energy storage cell is a double layer capacitor cell.


A group of new memory circuit techniques with the emerging FinFET technology are evaluated in this paper. Three independent-gate FinFET SRAM cells and two multi-threshold-voltage (multi-Vt) work-function engineered SRAM cells are compared for data stability, leakage power consumption, and cell area. The highest read stability is provided by the technique based on dynamically tuning the threshold voltages of the data access transistors during the read and write operations with independent-gate-bias. The read stability is enhanced by up to 92% with the minimum sized dynamic independent-gate-bias FinFET SRAM cells as compared to the minimum sized low-threshold-voltage tied-gate FinFET SRAM cells in a 32 nm FinFET technology. Alternatively, the lowest leakage power consumption and the smallest cell area are provided with the work-function engineered multi-Vt FinFET memory cells. The idle mode leakage power and the cell area are reduced by up to 65X and 25.5%, respectively, with the work-function engineered multi-Vt FinFET SRAM cells as compared to a standard low-threshold-voltage (low-Vt) tied-gate FinFET SRAM cell sized for comparable read stability.


In this paper, we describe the classification, algorithms, and application status of search and rescue robots. By analyzing various types of robots, the robot design can be simple and easy to use, reliable in structure, and low cost. In difficult disaster situations, they can also recognize and track the victim. Furthermore, rather than laboratory technologies, robotics in the search and rescue category should be based on proven and implementable technologies. Traditional tracked robots are now widely used in our daily lives. The robots are also now commercially available. This is motivating and keeps them up to date. In this article, we present an overview of the current state of this cardinality, the prospects for robot search and rescue, relevant research on different mainstream search and rescue algorithms, and the working principles of these algorithms. Our findings will be used to determine which robotic path planning systems are best suited for distinctive and complex environmental programs. In order to look into the future, we also discuss the current situation, limitations, open questions, and challenges.


The myosin molecule was extracted from the smooth muscle parts of horse esophagus and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The schlieren pattern of the sedimentation velocity run showed a very sharp single peak of.5.9. S (s20,w). Molecular weight of the protein was measured by means of the Archibald and sedimentation equilibrium methods, both in 0.5M KCI buffered by 1/150 M phosphate at pH 7.5 and at 5°C. The values obtained were 6.25 × 105 and 5.81 × 105respectively, for the two methods. The second virial coefficients were 1.1 × 104 and 1.2 × 10−4 ml/g. Denatured smooth muscle myosin was prepared in a solution of 5M guanidine HC1 containing 0.4 M KC1 and 0.2 M β‐mercaptoet hanol buffered at pH 8.0. The weight‐average molecular weight of the denatured smooth muscle myosin was 2.24 × 105 and the second virial coefficient was 7.6 × 10−4 ml/g. The values described above are in good agreement with those reported for rabbit skeletal myosin with ammonium sulfate fractionation. The molecular dimension of the molecule is estimated as the value for an axial ratio of 100, assuming a rigid rod molecular model for this molecule, both the thermodynamical and hydrodynamical treatment being in a good agreement with this estimation.


Aims: Vitamin D deficiency is very common in elderly populations throughout the world and seems to be related with poorer muscle strength, function and risk of falls. This review aims to summarize the available data about the vitamin D role in this matter. Methods: A search was conducted in the Pubmed database for articles with the following terms: "muscle strength", "body sway", "balance", "risk of fall", "vitamin D", "elderly", "cholecalciferol" and "ergocalciferol". Further articles were obtained thru reference lists. Results: Observational studies point to a relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and muscle strength, neuromuscular function and falls. Concentrations ≥ 40 nmol/L or ≥ 25 nmol/L were associated with better short physical performance battery test and ≥ 50 nmol/L with handgrip strength. Levels below 25 nmol/L had worst stride-to-stride variability of stride test and diminished handgrip strength overtime. One study found an association with falls while two studies found no association. Randomized controlled trials convey contradictory results. Muscle strength was only seen to be related with treatment in women with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 60 nmol/L and with lowest strength. Associations were found with body sway, timed up and go test and preferred walking speed. In terms of falls a reduction from 19% to 49% was seen in studies but others didn't achieve statistical significance and one even showed adverse effect when very high doses were used. A systematic review concluded that randomized trials with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D baseline levels showed a positive effect on muscle function. Several meta-analysis attribute a positive effect of vitamin D supplementation on falls and one showed a tendency without statistical significance. Conclusions: Vitamin D, especially when combined with calcium and in vitamin D deficient elderly, provides some fall prevention. Its effects on muscle strength and function are less


An experimental investigation was conducted of weakening of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves in the transition zones of clad steels in probing at different angles when located in the zone of reflectors. The presence of a local zone with increased weakening of the ultrasonic wave echo signals located in front of the boundary of fusion was established. The equivalent area of a reflector reliably revealed in this zone was determined. The presence of deviation of the axis and broadening of the directional pattern of a transducer with ..beta.. = 40/sup 0/ and af = 15 mm x MHz recorded from reflectors located in the transition zones was established.


The ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) is capable of homotetrameric assembly to form a Ca2+ release channel at intracellular Ca2+ storage sites such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The mRNA transcript encoding fulllength RyR1 is approximately 16 kb and is mainly distributed in excitable cells. A 2.4-kb mRNA splice variant from the 3'-terminal region of the RyR1 gene coexists speci cally in brain together with the full-length form, although the functions of this brain-specific splice variant remain unclear. To investigate the short form of RyR1 in intracellular Ca2+ signaling in brain at the cellular level, we established an experimental system whereby the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged brain-speci c variant of RyR1 is coexpressed with the full-length protein in the same cell. Both forms of RyR1 were localized in the ER. Caffeine-induced Ca2+-release activities in cells expressing both the brain-speci c and full-length RyR1 were reduced compared to cells expressing only the full-length form of RyR1. These results suggested that coexpression of the brain-specific splice variant of RyR1 with its full-length counterpart modulates intracellular Ca2+ signaling by acting as a dominant-negative subunit of the Ca2+ release channel in a tissue-speci c fashion.


We are an integrated structural engineering and construction firm, based in Golden, Colorado with 4 offices throughout the Rocky Mountain Region, with 100 employees. We are a firm built around the idea that structural engineers should return to a master builder role by taking ownership of the design of structural systems, cost estimating, and at-risk construction, and now – environmental impacts. Our mission to "revolutionize the way structures are designed and built" is exactly why we have prioritized the modernization of our practice to address the climate and environmental impacts of our design and construction. Additionally, we are excited in our belief that structural engineers can and will step into a role of leadership and education for our architect and owner clients to create new avenues and priorities of decision making and design.


Within a large training cycle in conditions of high general level of stress the authors recommend optimal implementation of planning undulating dynamics of cadets' combat exercise stress. The article proves the efficiency of one-cycle construction of training highly- qualified single-combat cadets at the stage of maximal realization of sporting possibilities, which includes both features of traditional cycles (preparatory, competitional, transitional) and module-sectional composition of training. It scientifically substantiates, that the choice of those or other types of microcycles which present the structure of mesocycles is determined by a few basic factors which must be necessarily taken into account while planning the training process of sportsmen of different qualification. It is suggested to use certain varieties of microcycles in the practice of preparation of single combat cadets. It is substantiated that accounting in planning the annual cycle in groups of sporting perfection of students of the educed types of microcycles for every type of single combats is an actual task of further scientific research.


We present new near-infrared spectrophotometric observations of the high-z radio galaxy 4C 40.36 (z = 2.269) including J- and H-band images and a low-resolution (λ/Δλ ~ 100) spectrum between 1.14 and 1.70 μm. We have detected distinctively strong [O III] λ4959/5007 doublet and other relatively weak emission lines superposed on the faint flat continuum. The measured emission-line ratios are roughly consistent with the typical narrow-line AGN with the solar metal abundance, except for the large [Ne III] λ3869/[O II] λ3727 ratio that is probably caused by the overabundance of neon in this object. The J-band image attributable to stellar emission is aligned with the radio axis, while the H-band image mostly due to [O III] line emission (about 73%) is more symmetric, indicating a concentric distribution of strong oxygen line-emitting clouds. Based on these morphological features together with the extremely flat continuum over the UV-to-optical spectral region in the rest frame, we have examined two models, which are an extremely young galaxy model (age = 0.02-0.1 Gyr) as well as a scattered AGN model.


Shipping companies engaged in services are very concerned about service users. One of the companies engaged in services, especially on passenger ships, is very concerned about the satisfaction of service users for the sustainability of the company. This study aims to find out how the passenger service at PT Atosim Lampung Pelayaran is implemented at the Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang. It is hoped that with good service, passenger service time will be faster and more efficient. However, in the process of serving passengers at PT Atosim Lampung Shipping Semarang branch is still experiencing several obstacles that affect the service of prospective passengers. These obstacles are caused, among others: lack of understanding of ticket buyers in ordering tickets and checking schedules online, ineffective health services at PT Atosim Lampung Shipping Semarang branch. The research method used is a qualitative research method by conducting interviews, observations and literature studies. This study found that in order to improve services to prospective ship passengers, PT Atosim Lampung Pelayaran developed an online ticket booking system and improved health facility services.


Abstract This paper focuses on the characterization of the tabletting process and analysis one of the most common pharmaceutical excipients MCC Avicel PH102 by Heckel, Kawakita, Cooper-Eaton and Adams compaction equations. Experimental material was determined by measuring its parameters as particle size distribution, angle of wall friction and flow properties and for more detailed characteristics of the material particles, microscopy images of the powder before and after compressing were created.


Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate the improvement of heart function in dogs with chronic valvular heart disease after puppy deciduous teeth stem cells (pDSCs) administration. Materials and Methods: 20 client-owned dogs with degenerative valvular heart disease underwent multiple intravenous injections of allogeneic pDSCs. Dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: (i) Control group (n=10) with standard treatment for heart failure and (ii) group with standard treatment and multiple administrations of pDSCs (n=10). Electrocardiography, complete transthoracic echocardiography, thoracic radiography, and blood pressure were recorded before and after pDSCs injections for 15, 30 and 60 days. Results: Post pDSCs injection showed measurable improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) functional class significantly improved and improved quality of life scores were observed. In the control group, there were no significant enhancements in heart function or ACVIM class. Conclusions: This finding suggests that pDSCs could be a supplement for valvular heart disease treatment.


Abstract Standards setting committees in the United States and Great Britain have adopted exposure limits for magnetic fields with a single frequency in the sub-radio frequency (sub-RF) range (1 Hz to 30 kHz). Since sub-RF magnetic fields in most occupational and residential settings have multiple frequencies, a more practical exposure assessment approach is derived in this article. To avoid adverse health effects, the present exposure limits control the currents induced in the body by the magnetic field. In this article, limits on induced current are shown to be equivalent to placing limits on the magnetic field's derivative dB/dt, both of which are applicable to the multifrequency fields found in the environment. The existing exposure limits are therefore used to derive bounds on dB/dt. Commercially available gaussmeters can be used to measure sub-RF magnetic fields for comparison with these limits on dB/dt exposures. To measure dB/dt, the gaussmeter needs a linear frequency response, and a correction f...


Demand Response (DR) has been described as one of the few solutions available for accessing the untapped energy potential of small/medium customers and especially of prosumers, towards supporting grid and DR reliability to a smart distribution grid. Investing on that notion, this manuscript employs virtual power plant (VPP) principles to deliver a novel, distributed, multi-agent virtual node scheme that aggregates consumers and prosumers and handles automatically OpenADR compliant DR requests. The introduced virtual node can act both as a virtual end node (VEN) receiving signals from a higher level (i.e., aggregator or utility) and/or as a virtual top node (VTN), dispatching optimal DR requests to customers. The proposed framework increases the DR results by not only optimally exploiting aggregated flexibility, but also through a dynamic bi-directional DR matchmaking process that can either recover monitored deviations within the virtual node (intra), or in-between nodes (inter) in real-time operation. The proposed design aims to elevate DR effectiveness, while enabling the participation of small to medium customers to energy markets.


Abstract:The eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire witnessed numerous massacres of Armenians between 1894 and 1897. Although some specialists have studied the origins, dynamics, extent, and repercussions of massacres in the eastern vilayets, few have studied events in the region of Cilicia (southern Anatolia). Drawing upon primary sources from Ottoman-Turkish, Armenian, British, and missionary archives, as well as memoirs and personal papers, this article explores the massacres of 1895 in the district of Aintab.


. Longitudinal Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of a unidirectional composite are known to be predictable by the rule of mixtures when the composite is in the linear range. Applicability of the rule of mixtures for the Poisson's ratio in the nonlinear range was investigated in a recent paper [1]. The material chosen was a borsic-aluminum composite. Although the Poisson's ratio was determined at various levels of strain, the rule of mixtures was checked only in terms of asymptotic values. The purpose of this note is thus to see if the rule of mixtures is applicable


The excess molar enthalpies
H
 m

 E
 of
[xN
 2
O+(1-x)C
 8

H
 18
] have been measured in the liquid and
supercritical region over the whole concentration range.
Mixtures at 308.15 K and 7.64, 9.48 and 12.27 MPa show
moderately endothermic and exothermic mixing in the
octane-rich region and nitrous oxide-rich region,
respectively. The exothermic-mixing region is confined to a
smaller range of x, as pressure increases, and
disappears completely at 308.15 K and 15.00 MPa. Mixtures at
318.15 K and 7.64 and 9.48 MPa show very exothermic mixing.
The magnitude of the minimum observed at 318.15 K decreases
as the pressure increases and mixtures at 318.15 K and 12.27
and 15.00 MPa exhibit endothermic mixing in the octane-rich
region. The temperature and pressure effects on the
H
 m

 E
 values are both large and
of opposite sign. These effects are discussed in terms of a
liquid–vapour equilibrium and critical constants for
nitrous oxide–octane. Excess enthalpies for nitrous
oxide–octane mixtures are also calculated using the
Peng–Robinson equation of state and the resulting
H
 m

 E
 values are compared with
experiment.


This paper outlines a methodology to study the stability of Takagi-Sugeno's (TS) fuzzy models. The stability analysis of the TS model is performed using a quadratic Liapunov candidate function. This paper proposes a relaxation of Tanaka's stability condition: unlike related works, the equations to be solved are not Liapunov equations for each rule matrix, but a convex combination of them. The coefficients of this sums depend on the membership functions. This method is applied to the design of continuous controllers for the TS model. Three different control structures are investigated, among which the Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC). An application to the inverted pendulum is proposed here.


This paper describes the unique laboratory road simulation test facility for automotive driven wheel hub arrangements, DYANA, which has been installed in the SKF Engineering and Research Centre in the Netherlands. The facility reproduces the six most significant load parameters acting on a wheel hub assembly according to data recorded during actual operation on the road. Particular emphasis is given to a set of complex data manipulation equations developed to transform the road-measured parameters to rig parameters, and to new test monitoring software designed to demonstrate trends and recent events. Considerations for acceleration of the endurance test cycle are discussed. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 287578. (Author/TRRL)


The aims and general program of the study of photochemical smog in Melbourne are described. These are to identify the main causes and to observe in detail the effects of control strategies on the lessening of smog episodes. Major equipment used in the study is listed, including a mobile laboratory for investigation of the spatial spread of the smog and the profiling of its distribution through an urban area. Some preliminary measurements of ultraviolet radiation, ambient hydrocarbon levels and spatial drift of smog are presented with examples of measurements of transiently high pollution in heavily trafficked areas.


The invention relates to a multi-form folding saw, comprising a saw bow rack, bow arms, a saw blade and bow arm locking/unlocking devices, wherein the saw blade is connected to the saw bow rack by the bow arms at the two ends; the lower ends of the bow arms are in pivot connection with the saw blade; the upper ends of the bow arms are respectively connected with the saw bow rack by the bow arm locking/unlocking devices in a multi-form way. The multi-form folding saw is simple in structure and convenient to operate, the saw bow is provided with multiple forms by adjusting the positions of the bow arms on the saw bow rack, and the technical problem that in the prior art, a manual saw bow cannot realize multiple forms and only a fixed form is kept, so that the manual saw bow cannot be used under multiple conditions is solved.


Transient studies initiated to determine the cause of the failures of shunt reactors showed that the failures were due to switching transients and breaker re-ignition. Surge Capacitors were installed at the terminals of the reactor as one of the mitigation methods. With the availability of relays with 1MHz sampling rate, Xcel Energy decided to capture high frequency transients during reactor switching to validate the studies. This paper presents issues associated with reactor switching especially during opening due to current chopping and available mitigation methods. Finally, field measurements are compared with transient study results to validate the effectiveness of surge capacitor application.


Abstract Five new species of Euplocania from Colombia belonging in four species groups are here described and illustrated. They increase to 22 the number of species described in the genus, thirteen of which are endemic to Colombia, with one species shared with Brazil and Peru. Three new species groups of Euplocania are here diagnosed. A key to the identification of males of Colombian Euplocania is included.


The purpose of this study was to prepare thematic maps of the factors that generate erosion in the Grijalva-Usumacinta basin. Maps for Rainfall (PMA), Present Use of the Soil (UAS), Landform Slopes (PPG) and Soil Classes (CS) were obtained. The magnitude of erosion risk caused by each factor was categorised by numerical scales. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), the maps that were obtained were interpolated and a potential erosion map (EP) was generated with three levels of risk: High, Medium and Low. It was observed that more than 50 % of the basin has undulated and steep landforms. The soils are mainly shallow and are easily eroded when associated with intense rainfall. Areas were identi ed with tropical forests in the southeastern region of the basin, and with pine and oak cloud forests in the central and southern regions respectively. The EP map of the basin indicated that more than 7 million hectares (83 %) present a risk of erosion from Medium to High, particularly in the central and southwestern regions, while in the northern and northeastern regions there are 1.5 million hectares (17 %) with a low risk of erosion


The specific problem of this thesis was to gather evidence bearing upon the existence of a +1 oxidation state for tin. When the loss in weight of a metal anode is due solely to oxidation of the metal to its cation by an electrolytic current, Faradays' Law provides a convenient measurement of the average charge per metal ion as the ions leave the anode. It is necessary only to determine the weight loss of the metal due to anodic oxidation by a known amount of current. The average charge per metal ion, so determined, has been designated as the initial moan valence, Vi, and is calculated by the following equation: Vi = No. of Faradays of current passed / No. of Gm.-atoms of metal dissolved electrolytically. The weight of metal dissolved electrolytically must be distinguished from any other anodic weight loss which may occur simultaneously with the anodic oxidation of the metal. Anodes of tin and tin amalgam were electrolyzed in the presence of various salt solutions. Quantity of electricity passed during each trial was determined with a silver coulometer. The Vi values for tin in aqueous solutions of chromic sulfate, and for tin amalgam in aqueous solutions of chromic sulfate or sodium nitrate were found to be definitely less than two. The potential behavior of the tin amalgam anode during the electrolyses was studied for most experimental conditions which were used. It seems any change of the potential did not have too much influence on the Vi value. Also changing the pH values of the various electrolyte solutions which were under investigation did not significantly influence the Vi value. It was concluded that a low-valent tin cation which is formed anodically is the most natural explanation of the observations.


We analyze the stock price reaction to U.S. securities class action lawsuits for sued firms and their closest industry rivals surrounding the three most important dates during the litigation process: the revelation day of potential misconduct, the lawsuit filing day, and the day of the conclusion of the lawsuit, either through court dismissal of the class action or through a settlements. We are thereby the first to capture the shareholder wealth effects of all major events such a litigation process contains. The sample includes 1,004 observations for sued firms and 4,920 rival observations of concluded class action lawsuits between 1996 and 2014. The results show that the shareholders of both, defendant firms and their rivals, anticipate lawsuit events and that the stock price reaction is almost consistently negative. The magnitude of the shareholder wealth effects decrease for events that are located later in the litigation process, suggesting that new information is efficiently priced at the early stages of the process, with later events resolving residual uncertainty. Simultaneously this indicates that prior studies focusing only on the lawsuit filing event severely underestimated the economic impact of such litigation. In addition, we estimate the litigation risk and the probability of a settlement through logistic regression models and analyze their influence on the stock price around the filing and the settlement of class action lawsuits. The results suggest that investors are able to anticipate the incidence and the outcome of a lawsuit to a certain extent. The incentives for shareholders and their attorneys to sue as well as the historic share performance of a firm play an important role in explaining the observed return patterns.


In this paper is studied a vibratory conveyor that is placed on an elastic base. Using the Lagrange equation method it was determined the system that needs to be solved to obtain graphical representation for the generalized coordinates determining the position of the mechanical system elements. Developing a C program in which is used the Runge –Kutta and Gauss methods were obtained the numerical results of these coordinates. Key words: lamellar spring, linear vibratory conveyor, vibration, elastic base, C program.


The integrated management of multimedia information, that is of complex information consisting of conventional data, text, graphics, images and voice, is of great interest not only in fields like information Retrieval, Office Automation, Computer Aided Instruction, Computer Aided Design, but also in other emerging fields such as Tourist Applications, Computer generated films, Newspapers and magazines production, and so on. In this paper the definition of multimedia object, partially derived from the ECMA standard "Office Document Architecture", is given and an approach to multimedia information management is proposed. A multilevel environment, where multimedia information can be handled, stored and retrieved and the inner level of which consists of a general purpose Multimedia Data Base Management System (MDBMS), is described. They are outlined the main functionalities that languages which describe and manipulate multimedia objects should provide.


Is the cost per oocyte lower in antagonist ovarian stimulation protocol vs progestin primed ovarian stimulation protocol in oocyte donation program?

 The cost per oocyte is lower in progestin primed stimulation protocol in oocyte donation program

 1. The use of progesterone during ovarian stimulation is effective in blocking the LH surge, and it does not affect the number of oocytes collected or the quality of the embryos obtained. Progestins can be used orally and are less expensive than GnRH analogues. These new regimens enable more flexibility and are interesting but their medical and economic significance remains to be demonstrated.

 Calculation of cost-effectiveness ratios (cost per mature oocyte achieved) using data derived from retrospective clinical practice in a large egg donor program of a single University Hospital between 2011 and 2021 5677 egg donor cycles identified from the electronic medical records database were eligible.

 Donors fulfilled national legal and medical-guide requirements, 18- 35 y.o, regular menstrual cycles, BMI 18-30 Kg/m2, no relevant medical history and normal karyotype. They were divided into 2 groups(4subgroups): Antagonist FSH stimulation group(subcategory recombinant and biosimilar FSH) and Progestin primed FSHstimulation group(subcategory recombinant and biosimilar FSH). Demographic data were collected and compared between groups. The cost per unit of gonadotrophin, progestin and antagonist was calculated according to the manufacturer's sale price.

 The mean age of women recruited into the study was 26,5 years. The distribution into the different study groups was as follows:
 1.1. 3155 (55,6%) in recombinant FSH antagonists group (FSHrA), Mean days stimulation 9,17-antagonists 4,91; mature eggs:13,62
 2.2. 1489 (26,2%) in biosimilar recombinant FSH antagonist group (FSHrbA), Mean days: stimulation 9,17-antagonists 5,28; mean mature eggs: 13,37
 3.3. 187 (3%) in recombinant FSH progestin primed group (FSHrPP), Mean days stimulation 9,26-desogestrel 23; mean mature eggs: 12,54
 4.4. 846 (14,9%) in biosimilar recombinant FSH progestin primed group(FSHrbPP). Mean days stimulation 9,07-desogestrel 24; Mean mature eggs: 13,78
 According to clinical outcomes in oocyte donor, we did not find statistical differences neither in the mean of days of stimulation nor in mature eggs collected in each treatment group but there is a higher rate in the range of 0-4 mature eggs collected in Progestin primed group.
 The costs for each drug were as follows: 0,33-0,382€ per unit of recombinant FSH; 0,299-0,33€ per unit of recombinant biosimilar FSH; 25,85€ per unit of Ganirelix; 0,14 per unit of Desogestrel.
 In conclusion, cost savings can be achieved using FSH progestin primed treatment. The cost per mature oocyte is 52,59€ compared with 58,25€ per oocyte in FSH antagonist group.

 Cancellations before reaching pickup are not contemplated,they may increase the total cost of the cycle.
 Although the days of stimulation are equivalent in the different groups, the cost of visits including the costs of nursing, infrastructure, patient care time and consumables might be different between the groups.

 Progestins can present an effective option for egg donation programs in terms of cost

 not applicable


By using double-factor theory,the author analyzed the factors of health care and motivation of non- military civilian nursing staff.Then the author pointed out that manager should make further elaboration of the factor of health care,the measures of which included creating sound cultural environment of devotion to national defense and providing equal treatment and condition.Meanwhile,manager could take the following measures to attach much importance to the factor of motivation,such as fulfilling human-oriented management,strengthening the system of performance judgment and mechanism of inspirit and restriction,adopting multiple inspiring mode to elaborate the action of the factor of motivation.


Cyperus esculentus is an invasive perennial sedge that can cause huge losses in arable crops. Current control strategies are based on combinations of cultural, mechanical, and chemical measures, repeated over years. Recent commercial releases of safe innovative electric weeders, offer promising alternative opportunities for controlling perennial weeds with high energy/high frequency electricity. To evaluate the effect of a single electrocution application on the efficacy of C. esculentus control, field experiments were performed in two locations in Belgium. Two electric weeding devices were evaluated: Zasso XP300, delivering a high-frequency, phased direct current (maximum voltage of 7000 V and maximum power output of 2000 W per square meter of green biomass, driving speeds between 1.1 and 3.0 km·h−1), and Rootwave Pro, delivering high-frequency alternating current (maximum voltage of 5000 V and power output between 7.5 and 10 kVA, treatment duration of 2 s). The impact of various technical (driving speed and voltage), biotic (clone and growth stage), and abiotic parameters on electrocution efficacy was evaluated. Plant responses to electrocution were evaluated by examining the vitality of treated C. esculentus mother tubers and shoots. Both devices were ineffective at mother tuber control, regardless of their burial depth (−5 cm to −15 cm), but were highly effective against aboveground shoots with reductions of vitality of up to 91% and 100% after a single pass with Zasso XP300 and Rootwave Pro, respectively. Maximum reductions were obtained when electricity was delivered at low speed (1.1 to 1.5 km·h−1) and on 5-leaf shoots without heat or water stress. Remarkably, the lowest efficacies were found on water-stressed soils at the time of application. Voltage had no effect on the degree of C. esculentus control. The efficacy of electricity was not affected by clone, irrespective of electric weeding device. Electrocution is a useful and effective control method within any integrated control strategy for controlling emerged shoots. However, as C. esculentus mother tubers are not affected by a single treatment, season-long repeated treatments are needed to exhaust the mother tubers.


To evaluate the effects of dulaglutide 1.5 mg on first‐ and second‐phase insulin secretion in response to an intravenous (i.v.) glucose bolus challenge, in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; primary objective) and in healthy subjects.


In Today's Digital World, the continuous interruption of users has affected Web Servers (WSVRs), through Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. These attacks always remain a massive warning to the World Wide Web (WWW). These warnings can interrupt the accessibility of WSVRs, completely by disturbing each data processing before intercommunication properties over pure dimensions of Data-Driven Networks (DDN), management and cooperative communities on the Internet technology. The purpose of this research is to find, describe and test existing tools and features available in Linux-based solution lab design Availability Protection System (Linux-APS), for filtering malicious traffic flow of DDoS attacks. As source of malicious traffic flow taken most widely used DDoS attacks, targeting WSVRs. Synchronize (SYN), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Flooding attacks are described and different variants of the mitigation techniques are explained. Available cooperative tools for manipulating with network traffic, like; Ebtables and Iptables tools are compared, based on each type of attacks. Specially created experimental network was used for testing purposes, configured filters servers and bridge. Inspected packets flow through Linux-kernel network stack along with tuning options serving for increasing filter server traffic throughput. In the part of contribution as an outcomes, Ebtables tool appears to be most productive, due to less resources it needed to process each packet (frame). Pointed out that separate detecting system is needed for this tool, in order to provide further filtering methods with data. As main conclusion, Linux-APS, solutions provide full functionality for filtering malicious traffic flow of DDoS attacks either in stand-alone state or combined with detecting systems.


Aiming at Job Shop Scheduling Problem with Minimal Makespan, This paper is designed to use genetic algorithm to solve the problem of job shop scheduling, and also achieves the algorithm by using the C#. Application shows that the genetic algorithm to solve job shop scheduling problem is efficient and has good application value.


The solubility and thermodynamics of solvation due to solute-solvent interactions of glycine, DL-alanine, DL-serine and DL-valine were determined in this study. Mainly the transfer of Gibbs frees energies from aqueous to aqueous sodium and potassium iodide salt solutions were considered which were calculated by direct experimental solubility data and via theoretical calculations. The equilibrium solubilities were measured at 298.15K using simple 'formol titration'. Various important physicochemical factors like enthalpy of solvation, molar volume, molar mass, molar density, etc. in aqueous electrolyte solutions were calculated at standard temperature. The thermodynamic parameters were explained to conclude about the virtual stability of the zwitterionic solutes in aqueous salt mixtures. The factors which are associated with solubility were also explained and correlated with physical and thermodynamic point of view.


I ncreased demand for reliable and useful software applications has led to generations of advancements in software languages and development environments. Examples include • The evolution from early languages, such as assembly language, to higher-order languages and fourth-generation languages. • The development and implementation of frameworks or software engineering environments that are populated with any number of productivity tools. • The development of graphical (or visual) front-ends for existing computer languages called VPEs. • The development and use of VLs that allow developers to generate applications entirely within a visual environment. Currently, the use of VPEs and VLs for general-purpose programming is undergoing such rapid adoption that it could be called a visual explosion. Applications developed using VPEs and VLs are developed rapidly and differently from applications based entirely on textual languages. It is important to understand these differences and to approach managing projects that use VPEs and VLs in a way that will allow effective project control, i.e., delivering quality software on time and within budget without interfering with the advantages inherent in the use of visual tools. Definitions The following definitions are used to help form a context for the tools used to build applications visually. • Visual Language – A computer language that uses a visual syntax, such as pictures or forms, to express programs. Text can be part of a visual syntax. • VL Taxonomy – A system to classify VLs. • Visual Programming – Software development that uses a visual representation of the software and allows developers to create software through managing and manipulating objects on a visual palette. Also called graphical programming. • Visual Programming Environment – The graphical user interface (GUI) and graphical tools that are used to manage and manipulate objects on a visual palette, construct programs, interface with other software, manage the software, and execute the software. This article provides a summary of recent research concerning the use of VLs and VPEs. The study reviewed the state of the practice for developing software using VLs and managing the development activities. Our research revealed that there is little evidence of the use of mature practices and recommends candidate metrics for VLs and VPEs as a first step toward a method to estimate the effort required to develop software using VLs and VPEs. VLs and VPEs are being studied to learn how to estimate and manage software development using these new languages and …


Abstract: In this paper, we are concerned with optimal decay rates of higher–order derivatives of the smooth solutions to the 3D compressible nematic liquid crystal flows. The main novelty of this paper is three–fold: First, under the assumptions that the initial perturbation is small in HN–norm (N ≥ 3) and bounded in L1–norm, we show that the highest–order spatial derivatives of density and velocity converge to zero at the L2–rates is (1 + t)− 3 4− N 2 , which are the same as ones of the heat equation, and particularly faster than the L2–rate (1 + t)− 1 4− N 2 in [ J.C. Gao, et al., J. Differential Equations, 261: 2334–2383,2016]. Second, if the initial data satisfies some additional low frequency assumption, we also establish the lower optimal decay rates of solution as well as its all–order spatial derivatives. Therefore, our decay rates are optimal in this sense. Third, we prove that the lower bound of the time derivatives of density, velocity and macroscopic average converge to zero at the L2–rate is (1 + t)− 5 4 . Our method is based on low-frequency and high-frequency decomposition and energy methods.