Huayingshan geology disaster wide distribution,endanger the area is large.Setting up a corresponding regional early warning system can reduce the loss of the disasters.We chose the geological disaster which was prone to influence the evaluation index,and established Logistic regression model,calculated probability values that area had divided each cell of geological disaster.Using Logistic regression model of real-time monitoring area rainfall information to statistical analysis,and calculated probability value of geological disaster caused rainfall.Based on analysis of the study area MapGIS platform,we generated geohazard danger zoning and rainfall classification figure and early warning risk level figure,and early warning information release.


Prior research has asserted that emotions affect anchoring bias in decision making through the emotion's certainty appraisal (Inbar & Gilovich, 2011) or through the emotion's action tendencies (Jung & Young, 2012) but these prior studies investigate the role of each component—appraisal or action tendency—without accounting for potential effects of the other one. The current research investigates whether anger exerts a significant effect on anchoring bias by activating a desire to confront a potential anchor. Importantly, the studies compare the effect of anger versus disgust, emotions that differ in their action tendency but are similar in their certainty appraisal. In Study 1, participants completed an emotion induction task and then a negotiation task where the first offer from the negotiation partner served as a potential anchor. Anger led to more deviation from the anchor compared to disgust or neutral feelings. Subsequent studies provide evidence that the angry participants are less anchored when the anchor value comes from a more confrontable source (someone else versus themselves in Study 2 and an out-group member versus an in-group member in Study 3). differ—valence, cognitive appraisal dimensions, and action tendencies—before emotion conditions and interpreting results.


This study was carried out to identify the elution patterns and distribution of salts from multi-layer reclaimed soils with a subsurface layer of porous granule in the newly reclaimed Saemangeum tidal area. To do this, paddy and upland plots were established with a layer of porous granule below the surface layer of the indigenous reclaimed soils at a depth of 30~60 cm. Soil samples were taken from the surface and subsurface (porous granule applied) layers at each plot to measure changes of EC of each soil layer at intervals of 1 month during the experiment. The results of EC measurements showed that in the paddy plot with porous granules EC of the top soil (0~30 cm) after 5 months rice cultivation was drastically decreased from 10.54 dS/m to 0.81dS/m while EC decreased from 5.74 dS/m to 0.82 dS/m in the control plot. In the upland plot, EC of top soil decreased from 18.08dS/m to 12.25 dS/m, while in the control upland plot EC value increased from 14.01dS/m to 28.41dS/m. From these results we could assume that the porous granule layer placed at 30~60cm enhanced leaching of salts from the surface layer and cut off capillary rise of salts from the subsurface soil, resulting in lowering the level of salinity to values that would not affect any plant growth.


India is known for its textiles and embroidery all over the world. Indications of cotton fabrics have been found at the site of the Mohen-jo-Daro excavations and the finest muslins and silks are seen represented in the murals of the Ajanta and Bagh caves. The art of embroidery has been practiced since the remote ages in India. At the excavations made at Mohen-jo-Daro, bronze needles have been found which were most probably used for purposes of embroidery. Ancient literature and sculptures also prove the antiquity of the art of embroidery in India.


Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Andrey Zhdanov Name of the doctoral dissertation Capturing complex behavior in brain imaging: strategies and instrumentation Publisher School of Science Unit Dept. of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 121/2016 Field of research Biomedical Engineering Manuscript submitted 29 January 2016 Date of the defence 7 July 2016 Permission to publish granted (date) 5 April 2016 Language English Monograph Article dissertation Essay dissertation Abstract Functional neuroimaging investigates the human brain through non-invasive recordings of brain signals or non-invasive stimulation. Traditionally, neuroimaging practitioners attempted to restrict the subject's behavior throughout the experiment to the point where it could be completely characterized by a few simple variables. Although this approach has its merits, it considerably limits the possibilities for investigating neural mechanisms underlying the organism's function under natural conditions. To overcome this limitation, researchers have increasingly focused on neuroimaging studies of subjects involved in complex ecologicallyvalid behavioral tasks. The shift from simple to complex behavior in neuroimaging studies brings along the demand for: (1) new instrumentation for handling the behavioral aspect of the experiment, and (2) new experimental designs that exploit the complexity of the participant's behavior instead of trying to suppress it.Functional neuroimaging investigates the human brain through non-invasive recordings of brain signals or non-invasive stimulation. Traditionally, neuroimaging practitioners attempted to restrict the subject's behavior throughout the experiment to the point where it could be completely characterized by a few simple variables. Although this approach has its merits, it considerably limits the possibilities for investigating neural mechanisms underlying the organism's function under natural conditions. To overcome this limitation, researchers have increasingly focused on neuroimaging studies of subjects involved in complex ecologicallyvalid behavioral tasks. The shift from simple to complex behavior in neuroimaging studies brings along the demand for: (1) new instrumentation for handling the behavioral aspect of the experiment, and (2) new experimental designs that exploit the complexity of the participant's behavior instead of trying to suppress it. The thesis comprises four publications that examine the capacity of video technology to provide new instrumentation and explore possibilities for new experimental designs utilizing rich behavioural information provided by video, in the context of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methods. Additionally, it introduces the Helsinki VideoMEG Project---an open-source collaborative effort aimed at providing MEG practitioners with video recording and analysis tools. The first part of the thesis (Publications I and II) examines the feasibility of augmenting TMS and MEG experiments with simultaneous synchronized video and audio recordings of the participant. The second part of the thesis (Publications III and IV) explores the possibility of using audio and video to link the participants in an MEG hyperscanning experiment--simultaneous recording of MEG signals from two interacting subjects. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of augmenting TMS and MEG experiments with synchronized video and audio recordings.


A resource operation method based on power control in a wireless mobile communication system is provided to allocate priority frequency bands to an MS(Mobile Station) which needs real-time services or has a weak channel, while general frequency bands are allocated to an MS which needs non real-time services or whose channel state is good, thereby satisfying minimum data transmission rates as magnifying system capacity. A control station sets initial power values of MSs to '0'(202), and conducts a power value updating process(204). The control station decides whether a power value necessary for uplink changing an MCS(Modulation and Coding Scheme) level is larger than a maximum power value usable by the MSs(206). If not, the control station up-converts an MCS level of an MS having a small requested power value(208). If an interference amount exerted to an MS using a priority frequency band by an MS using a general frequency band is less than a correlation amount of interference which the MS using the general frequency band is to be exerted(210), a final power value is determined(212).


In countries like India rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is still a common problem, and with improvements in diagnosis and treatment, the lifespan of these patients is increased. With increase in the lifespan, these patients may develop coronary artery disease (CAD) and present as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In some cases especially RHD with severe mitral stenosis (MS), thrombus that develop in left atrium may embolize in one of the coronary arteries, leading to acute coronary syndrome. We report a case of 51 year old female who was a known case of rheumatic heart disease and now presented with acute coronary syndrome. Patient was hemodynamically unstable and underwent percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) simultaneously. We here discuss the possible complications that need to be addressed in such scenario and how can we approach such cases. This is first of such intervention at our institute and also there are very few such records available online. Patient tolerated the procedure well with significant clinical improvement.


In the review of Clinical Psychology, by Charles Berg, M.D. (July 1949), the phrase "and I am sure" (p. 277, line 2) should have been "and I am not sure."


The Algodones dune field of southeastern California is one of the largest active dune fields in North America. The dune field is migrating in an easterly direction, oblique to the resultant sand flow direction (S 24° E). The migration of the Algodones results from an interaction between regional winds and the dune field. This interaction generates a localized secondary flow that has caused the dune field to migrate in a direction oblique to the resultant sand flow direction.

Four lines of evidence suggest that the Algodones has migrated in an easterly direction: (1) A ramp, interpreted as the trailing edge of the dune field, 35 m thick and 500 m wide composed of aeolian deposits that borders the western edge of the dune field. No similar deposits are found on the eastern (leading edge) margin of the dune field. (2) Leading-edge sand-sheet deposits are exposed in interdune areas within the dune field. These deposits are west of the modern leading-edge sand sheet. (3) Across the breadth of the dune field sands are consistently coarser and more poorly sorted in the west and finer and better sorted in the east. This observation suggests that sand is transported from west to east. (4) Eastward migration of a large compound-complex crescentic dune.

If the dune field continues to migrate it will deposit a vertical sequence consisting of: a basal sand-sheet deposit consisting of wind and water-ripple laminae, small-scale aeolian cross-strata, and ephemeral stream (wadi) deposits; aeolian dune deposits consisting of medium-scale aeolian compound cross-strata; small-scale simple sets of aeolian cross-strata with highly variable dip directions; a sand sheet containing low-angle wind-ripple cross-strata capped by a coarse sand lag super bounding surface.


A compound of formula II ** ** see formula or acid addition salt or solvate thereof, wherein X is NR1R2 and wherein R1 is H, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C4 alkenyl, (CH2) 2-4OH, or (CH2) 2-4NR3R4; R2 is H, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C4 alkenyl, (CH2) 2-4OH, (CH2) 2-4NR3R4; or wherein NR1R2 form a heterocyclic ring and R1 and R2 together are (CH2) 4, (CH2) 5. (CH2) 2O (CH2) 2 or (CH2) 2NH (CH2) 2; R3 is H or C1-C8 alkyl; R4 is H or C1-C8 alkyl.


The interplay between two perspectives that have recently been applied in the attitude area-the social identity approach to attitude-behaviour relations (Terry & Hogg, 1996) and the MODE model (Fazio, 1990a)-was examined in the present research. Two experimental studies were conducted to examine the role of group norms, group identification, attitude accessibility, and mode of behavioural decision-making in the attitude-behaviour relationship. In Study I (N = 211), the effects of norms and identification on attitude-behaviour consistency as a function of attitude accessibility and mood were investigated. Study 2 (N = 354) replicated and extended the first experiment by using time pressure to manipulate mode of behavioural decision-making. As expected, the effects of norm congruency varied as a function of identification and mode of behavioural decision-making. Under conditions assumed to promote deliberative processing (neutral mood/low time pressure), high identifiers behaved in a manner consistent with the norm. No effects emerged under positive mood and high time pressure conditions. In Study 2, there was evidence that exposure to an attitude-incongruent norm resulted in attitude change only under low accessibility conditions. The results of these studies highlight the powerful role of group norms in directing individual behaviour and suggest limited support for the MODE model in this context. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.


Abstract What does computation sound like, and how can computational processing be integrated into live-coding practice along with code? This article gives insights into three years of artistic research and performance practice with Betablocker, an imaginary central processing unit architecture, specifically designed and implemented for live-coding purposes. It covers the themes of algorithmic composition, sound generation, genetic programming, and autonomous coding in the light of self-manipulating code and artistic research practice.


Provision large amounts of fluids in a short period is known can cause hypervolemia. Therefore, an examination is needed to find out that the fluid resuscitation being administered does not cause hypervolemia. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of hypervolemic resuscitation on cardiac contractility. The study was conducted on 10 male Sus Scrofa aged 6-8 weeks, as shocked animal models. There are 3 types of resuscitation treatments : normovolemic, hypervolemic-1, and hypervolemic-2. Cardiac contractility was assessed using DPmax and troponin-i levels. There was an increase in troponin-i levels after hypervolemic fluid resuscitation (p = 0.05). There is a decrease in cardiac contractility after hypervolemic resuscitation. Decreased cardiac contractility is associated with increased troponin-i (r = 0.720; p = 0.020). Based on the results, we conclude hypervolemic resuscitation causes changes in troponin-i levels, which reflect changes in cardiac contractility.


The present study investigated the preventive effect of Trema guineensis on serum concentrations of vitamins A, D and E during hepatotoxicity in rat. The leaves of Trema guineensis collected from Abobo in the district of Abidjan were used for the preparation of the aqueous extract by decoction and ethanolic extract by maceration. Then, healthy adult Wistar albino rats were used for the experimentation. The animals were pretreated with the extracts at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight by oral route one hour before CCl 4 intraperitoneal injection for seven days. The administration of CCl 4 resulted in a significant decrease of vitamins A, D and E rates in the serum while the pretreatment by the extracts increased the concentrations of these vitamins. The extracts of Trema guineensis would prevent vitamins A, D and E deficiency in serum due to hepatic injury.


In this paper, we formulate an optimal Wiener filter for the restoration of self-similar processes from time-varying and nonstationary distortions. Fourier techniques and classical Wiener filtering are not applicable for the elimination of such distortions. We derive an optimal Wiener filtering algorithm by modeling time-varying degradation within the scale-invariant system theory and nonstationary, long-term correlated noise within the scale stationarity framework. Additionally, we develop fast and efficient estimation techniques for scale spectra in Mellin domain for the implementation of the proposed Wiener filter. The utility of the proposed techniques are demonstrated on simulation data.


+into bioreactor. High salinity represents an osmotic stress and specific ion toxicity for yeast cell. Protective biochemical reactions range from the synthesis of osmolyte to altered ion transportation, signal transduction, transcriptional response and translational response. This review will focus on responses of the yeast S. cerevisiae and mechanisms of adaptation to NaCl stress and offer a glimpse at the mechanisms of ion homeostasis, regulation of HOG (High Osmosis Glycerol) signaling pathway and the genomic expression response of the cells against the stress.


Based on DOM, we use remote sensing (RS) and GIS technology to conduct a macro-description and micro-quantitative analysis research on the dynamic change of Guangzhou City's land-use. We first of all extract the information of Guangzhou City's land-use change, study on a general scale the situations of land-use change in all districts of Guangzhou City, and build a model related to the dynamic change of land-use. Then we analyze the mutual conversions between each land-use type and try to find out the reasons for the conversions. The results show that: The absolute volume of Guangzhou City's land-use type change is huge, in which conversions within the first land-use type predominate; the farmland decrease relatively fast and adjustable land-use type increase substantially. This paper offers some reference to the rapidly-developing urban land-use.


Both China and Thailand attach great importance to education and are committed to high educational standards on an international level. Our study is to compare the medical education reforms that have occurred in China and Thailand to further improve the medical education system in China.


A model based on one-dimensional heat conduction and classical homogeneous nucleation has been applied to study the boiling explosion phenomena during high heat flux pulse heating of water. In this model, a characteristic liquid cluster at the liquid boundary is taken into consideration and the boiling explosion condition is defined by considering the energy balance in that cluster. The model describes that the boiling explosion corresponds to a particular stage of liquid heating at which the energy consumption in the cluster due to bubble nucleation and growth exceeds the energy deposition to the cluster by external heating. By applying this model, the occurrence of the boiling explosion condition in water at atmospheric pressure has been determined for a wide range of boundary heat fluxes (15–1000 MW/m2) at various liquid initial temperatures (293 K–373 K). The effects of the boundary heat flux and the liquid initial temperature on various boiling explosion characteristics such as the liquid temperature and the time of the boiling explosion, heat flux across the liquid vapor interface, number of bubbles generated per unit area at the boiling explosion etc. are determined and discussed in context with other relevant information. The boiling explosion time as obtained in the present model is found to be in good agreement with that reported by other researchers for identical liquid heating conditions. With the consideration of a characteristic time period of 1 millisecond for the occurrence of the boiling explosion, the present study corresponds to a limiting boundary heat flux of about 15 MW/m2 for water at atmospheric pressure.


Abstract Although Lovett et al. (2013) demonstrated that brand characteristics simulate word-of-mouth (WOM) as WOM antecedents, there has been relatively little attention to understanding a moderating role of brand characteristics between WOM and consumers' attitudes toward brands. Understanding the role of brand characteristics in WOM is critical for marketers and marketing scholars to maximize the impact of WOM in branding activities. The current study aims to fill this gap by examining the role of brand characteristics as a moderator between the WOM valence and consumers' attitudes toward co-brands. The results revealed that with co-brand characteristics highly related to the social and emotional drivers, the favorable effect of positive WOM on consumers' attitudes was significantly higher than that with co-brand characteristics less related to the social and emotional drivers. On the other hand, with co-brand characteristics less related to the social and emotional drivers, the negative effect of negative WOM on consumer's attitude was significantly higher than that with co-brand characteristics highly related to the social and emotional drivers. The results indicate that marketers should make efforts to impress consumers by developing and emphasizing new co-brand characteristics associated with the social and emotional drivers.


To the Editor .—We disagree with Dr Strong's 1 recommendation that pediatricians screen all children for high blood cholesterol. Our opposition to childhood cholesterol screening is based on an assessment of the evidence as to the benefits and adverse effects of such a policy. Proponents of screening believe that identifying children with high blood cholesterol conveys information about their risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) many decades later, and that this could lead to interventions that would prevent CHD more effectively if begun in childhood than if begun as an adult. However, the evidence does not support this belief. For one thing, even in carefully performed research studies the association between cholesterol measured in childhood and cholesterol measured only 10 to 20 years later is far from perfect. In the Muscatine study, 2 for example, fewer than half of the children with cholesterol in the top 10% of the


This paper reviews arguments about the origins and significance of Australia's formative policies of Developmentalism, Tariff Protection, Industrial Arbitration, White Australia, and Old-Age Pensions. To do so, it applies the comparative method, following a 'most similar systems' approach that juxtaposes Australia and New Zealand in the southern hemisphere and the United States and Canada in the northern. Putting the Australian experience in comparative perspective allows us to distinguish what was 'normal' in either a settler society and a broader context; to identify what was distinctive; and to get a clearer picture of what factors contributed to any such distinctiveness. Developmentalism, tariff protection and racial exclusion were common to all four country cases; only arbitration and old-age pensions were peculiar to New Zealand and Australia. In explaining that distinctiveness, comparative analysis confirms the decisive role of unusually strong labour movements and supplies a corrective to prevailing interpretations based on treating the Australian case in isolation.


Geneticist Prof. Korkut Ulucan evaluated the discovery of scientists in the USA that DNA samples can be collected from water used for washing, breath mixed with air or even from the footprint on the beach.


Some organopolysilanes (high-molecular-weight polymers which only contain silicon atoms in their backbone) can be used as highly sensitive, self-developing uv photoresists. To understand the electronic structure of polysilanes and help rationalize their solid-state uv photosensitivity, we have recorded the photoelectron spectra of several polysilanes: poly(..beta..-naphthylmethylsilane), poly(phenylmethylsilane, poly(n-dodecylmethylsilane, and poly(n-propylmethylsilane). We find that if the polymer photoemission spectra can be described in terms of backbone Si-Si and side-chain Si-C levels which do not hybridize (as in the alkyl polysilanes), then the solid-state uv sensitivity of the polymer is high. An explanation of this correlation in terms of the degree of hybridization of the low-lying bonding and antibonding Si-Si levels with the levels of the carbon side-group molecule will be presented.


This paper discussed the forms of address in both Chinese and English and compared the two English versions of the Chinese novel Hong Lou Meng translated by David Hawkes and Yang Hsien-yi Gladys Yang,taking the translation of lao tai tai as an example.It pointed out that in translating such appellations,enough attention should be paid and consideration should be given to the social status of characters,interpersonal relations,channels of address,as well as textual cohesion apart from the selection between foreignizing and domestication.


Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) and Mobile Health(M-Health, namely e-health or wearable health) monitoring system have become more than just buzzwords in recent years. This paper reviews the state-of-art WBAN channel and addresses wireless communication chip design challenges for M-Health system. Current available wireless communication standards have been proved in the paper that they can hard to support for M-Health applications. A survey on body-centric channel characteristics and its simulation result show that Ultra Wideband (UWB) is an ideal candidate to meet the stringent requirement of WBAN system. Also, a UWB transceiver framework suitable for M-Health system is designed which can be used as a guide for integrated circuit design in future works.


The purpose of assessment at an individual level is to establish a baseline of the health and well-being of the person and create a mutually agree plan of care. This chapter explains an integrated assessment for adults, the core components of a case management programme, and consultation models and frameworks, alongside standardized assessment tools. The principles of good communication in patient assessment are outlined, as well as more detailed instructions for situations where the patient has additional needs (for example, deafness, where English is a second language, non-fluent English speakers, or those with learning difficulties). Assessment by remote consultation is covered, as well as motivational interviewing.


Free-living amoeba (FLA) are ubiquitously distributed in the environment. However, they are also the causative agents of opportunistic infections in humans and other animals. A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. Moreover, FLA have been detected in various biofilms around the world. Therefore, the present study aimed to check for presence of FLA in samples from household biofilms in Iran and to characterize them at the molecular level. A total of 69 biofilm samples collected from showerheads, kitchen areas, and bathroom sinks were analyzed. Positive samples for FLA were characterized at the morphological and molecular levels. Furthermore, the results of morphology analysis indicated that 26.08% (18/69) of biofilm samples were positive for Acanthamoeba spp., Vermamoeba genus, and Vahlkampfiids. According to sequence analysis, five strains of Acanthamoeba isolates related to the T4 genotype and two strains belonged to the T2 genotype. In addition, the pathogenic potential of Acanthamoeba-positive isolates was conducted using the tolerance ability test. The results of BLASTn of Vermamoeba sequences were similar to what was expected for Vermamoeba vermiformis. The above-mentioned reasons revealed that the relative high contamination of household biofilm samples with FLA may pose a risk for people using soft contact lenses and for patients with traumatic cataract. Our finding proposes that filtration should be performed in shower heads and indicates the need to monitor people at increased risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis.


The structure of ultrathin Cu−phthalocyanine (Cu−Pc) film on Au(110) has been studied by means of several diffraction tecniques:  helium atom scattering (HAS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). HAS has been used to measure the long range order of the organic overlayer, whereas LEED at 200 eV has been used to probe the corresponding substrate reconstruction. At the monolayer coverage, the Au(110) substrate displays a reconstruction with a 3-fold periodicity along the [001] direction, whose structure has been studied by out of plane GIXD and variable polarization X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). We found the structure of the substrate unit cell to be an asymmetric shallow (1 × 3) reconstruction with the Cu−Pc molecules tilted by an angle of ∼32° from the (110) surface plane.


Objective To explore the origin of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) containing nerve fibers in penile dorsal nerves (PDNs) and its relation to autonomic nervous system.Methods Aseptic operation was conducted on male adult Sprague Darley rats with the help of an operative microscopy in order to establish unilateral cavernous nerve (CN) and bilateral CNs ablation animal models.Sham operated animals served as the control group.Two weeks later,all rats were sacrificed and penile specimens were collected for NADPH diaphorase staining.Positive nerve fibers in each PDN were counted under a light microscope.Results The staining result showed that rich NOS positive fibers were found in both sides of PDNs of all 6 sham operated rats,averaging 70.3±14.8 per side.Nearly no positive fibers were detected in either side of PDN of each 7 bilateral CN ablated rats (2.7±2.9 per side).However,in 6 rats of unilateral ablated group,rich positive fibers were found only in the PDN 63.8±13.8,of which side the CN was intact,but the fibers in the other side were only 1.2±1.6.Conclusion NOS positive fibers in the PDN will disappear when the CN of the same side is ablated;NOS positive nerve fibers in PDNs are derived from autonomic nervous system.


Due to the current concern with the environmental impacts produced by the construction industry, many studies have been conducted to capitalize on the advantages of waste to develop sustainable materials. The study reports an innovative, non-conventional cement-based composite material containing 10 wt.% vine shoot waste, representing a step forward toward the use of this lignocellulosic waste. The investigations were carried out using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and solid-state 27Al and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The addition of vine shoot waste to the cement paste increases the amount of hydration products (calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), calcium hydroxide (CH), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and ettringite), leading to a more compact and dense structure. The structural characterization techniques also confirmed the formation of a higher amount of hydration products in the case of vine shoot waste added to the cement paste.


The contingent valuation method (CVM) is used to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) to keep a football club in a city in Spain (R. C. Deportivo de A Coruña). The authors pay attention to the distinction between genuine and protest zeros in the answer to an open-ended question. The authors propose the use of a Double Hurdle model where the information in the questionnaire for identifying the zeros is not used. The estimated nonuse value represents more than 81% of the total value. Nevertheless, when aggregating the sample estimates to population figures, the WTP is far below the amount of money of some potential decisions of the public authorities.


In this article we are observing what impact AI and machine learning have in the development of security systems. With this approach some problems are solved such as human errors, overwhelming notifications about possible threats, long time required for reaction. Among the advantages there is also possibility to adapt to different requirements, to find and to predict future security problems. Still there are some restrictions should be followed, for example, systems based on machine learning can violate data privacy laws. For the industry development qualified specialists who can customize systems are highly needed. On the current level of the technical process people can't be removed completely because they are more capable in making decisions. While there is too much to finalize this idea, these types of systems are gradually starting to be applied by Google, Amazon, IBM.


Block matching motion estimation is a significant issue in image and video super resolution reconstruction. In order to decrease the number of search locations, the amount of computations, and enhance the prediction accuracy, an improved block matching motion estimation algorithm based on adaptive rood pattern search (ARPS) is proposed. Firstly, we use spatial correlation characteristic to predict motion vector (MV) of the current macro-block in the algorithm. Secondly, we consider to eliminate the influence of neighborhood macro-blocks having low relevance to the current macro-block in the prediction process. Finally, we utilize the weighted average MV of two macro-blocks with the smaller matching error in the neighborhood macro-blocks to calculate the predictive MV of current macro-block, instead of using the fixed single macro-block forecast pattern in ARPS. Experimental results show that our algorithm provides the better performance in terms of the computational complexity and the prediction precision in comparison with APRS and other block matching algorithms.


The development of renewable energy brought new complex combinatorial optimization problems as the one studied here: the conception of an autonomous hybrid energy system. Such systems involve several sources of energy, see for instance [1], [2] and [3]. In this paper we study the optimization of the design of a hybrid system including photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, batteries storage and an auxiliary fuel generator. An excess in the production of electricity obtained from wind or sun allows loading batteries which could be used when the demand will exceed the wind and solar production; in case of total shortage of these three sources of energy, the generator is activated. In addition, the stochastic behavior of both solar and wind energy and of demand needs to be taken into account for a robust solution: here, we only consider the variation of the demands.


The conclusion argues that signs of the Edmistons' collaborative approach to classical and industrial education remained evident after their mission work ended. Analysis of government and denominational records shows that Belgian colonial policies and Southern Presbyterian programs adopted similar academic strategies in the 1940s. The denomination also supported such work in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1963. These policies and programs are introduced in comparison with the ways that Alonzo Edmiston collaborated with Belgian officials during his final years at the American Presbyterian Congo Mission. And a description of the memorial tributes to Althea Brown' suggests how African Presbyterians expressed a sense of kinship with the African American missionaries.


Data of the hygienic assessment of the nutritional structure of students in the age periods that are critical for the formation of proper eating behavior is presened. The purpose of the study was to study the structure, nutrition regimen, dietary habits in the family, the nature of the physical activity of students. The questionnaire "Study of medical and social reasons for the formation of deviations in health and diseases in children" was used. 70-80% of students in Moscow schools have been established to be at risk in terms of lifestyle factors, among which a significant factor is a nutrition. The structure of their nutrition is characterized by insufficient consumption of biologically valuable food in 27-70% of children. The diet of 20-40% of respondents is depleted in the content of fermented milk products, vegetables, and fruits. Children exclude first courses (68-70%), breakfast cereals, fish, vegetables (35-40%), oils and eggs (29%) from their meals at an educational institution. Most schoolchildren outside educational institutions consume foods that are not intended for children food: chips, fast food, confectionery, sweet carbonated drinks.


Abstract A novel visible-light-activated La2O3/SnO2 photocatalyst was prepared by co-precipitation method, and characterized by thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption measurement and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The characterization results found that the phase composition, crystallite size, BET surface area and optical absorption of the sample varied significantly with the calcining temperature. The photocatalytic activities of La2O3/SnO2 photocatalysts were assessed by the degradation of reactive blue 19 in aqueous solution under visible light (λ>400nm) irradiation. Experiments indicated that the La2O3/SnO2 photocatalyst calcined at 400 °C for 2h (the molar ratio of La to Sn is 1:3) exhibited maximum photocatalytic activity due to the sample with a smaller particle size and a higher surface area. The degradation rate of reactive blue 19 reached 99.0% in 80 min, which is about 2.5 times higher than that of the standard P25 photocatalyst.


An electron slowing-down flux spectrum has been measured for ..beta.. particles, delta rays, and secondaries generated by the ..beta.. decay of neutron-activated /sup 164/Dy uniformly distributed in Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. The energy range covered in these measurements extends from 1.5 to 32 keV. Fairly good agreement with predictions of the Spencer-Fano theory is found for energies above 10 keV. The overall shape of the spectrum is similar to that found earlier for metals and semiconductors. A companion theoretical calculation has been carried out based on cross sections for ionization of electrons from the inner shells of Al and O derived from generalized oscillator strengths, and on cross sections for valence-band electrons derived from a model-insulator theory. The effect of Auger cascade electrons is also included in the numerical solution of the electron slowing-down cascade equation. The theoretical spectra are smaller than the experimental results by as much as a factor of 4 in the energy range from 50 to 2000 eV.


Continued professional education for information scientists and librarians is of increasingly vital importance, especially in the context of the changing role of the information professional from custodian to conununicative agent. The advent of widespread information networking offers new opportunities for developing a more extensive and participative approach to this need, through new forms of distance learning. Media such as computer conferencing may help to overcome some of the geographical and professional boundaries which have hindered individual personal development; however, at present there is no overall picture of the extent of use of the network medium, or a detailed scenariofor future developments. Research in progress at Brighton University aims to investigate these issues.


This paper deals with a process planning problem in the flexible assembly system (FAS). The problem is to assign assembly tasks to stations with limited working space and to determine assembly routing with the objective of minimizing transfer time of the products among stations, while satisfying precedence relations among the tasks and upper-bound workload constraints for each station. In the process planning of FAS, the optimality of assembly routing depends on tasks loading. The integration of tasks loading and assembly routing is therefore important for an efficient utilization of FAS. To solve the integrated problem at the same time, in this paper we propose a new method using an artificial intelligent search technique, named 2-leveled symbiotic evolutionary algorithm. Through computational experiments, the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with those of a traditional evolutionary algorithm and a symbiotic evolutionary algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the algorithms compared.


A coated stent comprising: a stent and a coating composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an HMG-CoA reductase in a vehicle consisting of a viscous liquid, hydrophobic and nonpolymeric having a point fusionpor below body temperature.


Successful operation of the Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) will depend on the stable circulation of particles for tens of millions of turns around the rings, in the presence of small nonlinear deflecting fields. One design challenge is to set specifications for the maximum allowable field imperfections of this sort, consistent with the required. stability. Another challenge is to plan for the inclusion of field compensating elements that will ameliorate the effects of errors. The tools'' available for projecting the long term stability are theoretical, both analytic and numerical, and experimental. These aspects are reviewed. 19 refs.


This memo specifies a message-oriented extension for Multipath TCP
(MPTCP) which aims to serve high-bandwidth and real-time applications.
By introducing a message mapping to MPTCP, Message- Oriented MPTCP
(MO-MPTCP) attaches some message features like boundaries, priority
and dependency to bytestream. With such message-oriented information,
MPTCP senders can avoid the waste of transmission resources and
improve the transmission efficiency.


This article and the entire special issue address relationships between information systems and changes in the organization of modern enterprise, both within and across firms. The emerging organizational paradigm involves complementary changes in multiple dimensions. The revolution in information systems merits special attention as both cause and effect of the organizational transformation. This can be illustrated by considering two key variables: location of information and location of decision rights in organizations. Depending on the costs of information transmission and processing, either the "MIS solution"; of transferring information or the "organizational redesign solution"; of moving decision rights can be an effective approach toward achieving the necessary collocation of information and decision rights. When information systems change radically, one cannot expect the optimal organizational structure to be unaffected. Considering the interplay among information, incentives, and decision rights in...


Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Preeclampsia originates in the placenta and several studies demonstrated that many signaling pathways are affected in preeclamptic placentas. B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a key oncogene in B-cell lymphomagenesis. The gene expression of BCL6 is also repeatedly reported to be increased in the placenta of patients with early as well as with late preeclampsia. The protein level of BCL6 is elevated in preeclamptic placentas and elevated BCL6 is well correlated with the hallmark of preeclampsia. Since BCL2 targets a large range of the genes that are associated with various cellular functions, including differentiation, survival, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle regulation, it should be tempting to discovery the involvement of BCL6 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In a recent paper published in Cell Cycle, Muschol-Steinmetz C, et al. made one very intriguing observation that BCL6 is present in all 3 studied trophoblast cell lines, but it is predominantly expressed in trophoblastic HTR-8/SVneo cells derived from a 1 trimester placenta compared to the malignant BeWo and JAR cells which are less dependent on BCL6. It indicates that BCL6 might be involved in the trophoblast expansion in the early stage of placental development. The authors then focused on the function of BCL6 in the cell cycle and cell survival of trophoblasts. By using of siRNA or small molecule inhibitor specifically targeting BCL6, they demonstrated that BCL6 is required for the proliferation of trophoblasts and that its depletion results in apoptosis. In HTR cells with BCL6 depletion, a small but distinctive G2/M peak was observed. The mitotic arrest is associated with shortened sister centromere distance and fragmented/clustered centrosomes in trophoblasts, suggesting that BCL6 could be involved in mitotic progression by interfering with microtubule-kinetochore attachment and centrosome integrity. This is the first piece of evidence to demonstrate that properly regulated BCL6 is important for a smooth mitotic progression of trophoblasts. As the preeclamptic placenta is characterized by hypoxia and ischemia releasing a variety of stress mediators including reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide, the expression pattern of BCL6 under low concentration of oxygen and other cellular stress was examined. In Muschol-Steinmetz C et al's report, the authors showed that BCL6 is stabilized and promotes survival of trophoblasts either under hypoxic situation or under the H2O2 treatment, especially HTR cells, the 1 st trimester trophoblastic cells. In contrast, depletion of BCL6 induced apoptosis under stress situation. Taken together with previous observations, the result of Muschol-Steinmetz C, et al. shed new light on the function of BCL6 in trophoblast cells: BCL6 is required for proliferation and protects cells from apoptotic induction, leading to trophoblast cells survival under the stress environment in the placenta. These findings have important implications for the pathogenesis of Preeclampsia.


Author(s) Title Number of Pages Date Jenni Kauranen, Anna Kiviniemi Residential Environment Impact Survey (REIS). Update of the Previous Finnish Translation 46 pages + 5 appendices 5 May 2014 Degree Bachelor of Health Care Degree Programme Occupational Therapy Specialisation option Occupational Therapy Instructor(s) Satu Aittomäki, Senior Lecturer Jari Pihlava, Senior Lecturer This thesis is a developmental work. The main purpose of this thesis was to update the earlier translation of Residential Environment Impact Survey version 2.0 (REIS) to reflect the changes in the most recent REIS version 3.0. In addition, the study also examines the cross cultural adaptation of the translation to the Finnish language.This developmental work is the fourth thesis about REIS at the Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences; the publication of REIS in the Finnish language is the desired outcome. REIS is a non-standardized and semi-structured assessment tool and consulting instrument for occupational therapists and it's based on The Model of Human Occupation. It is designed to examine interaction between residents and staff as well as the environmental impact that community residential facilities have on the residents. By using REIS, the therapist can obtain information needed to make recommendations for the residential environment unit. Theory and guidelines about translating an assessment tool were used to guide the translation process. The translation is not a verbatim translation. The main focus was to preserve the content and the intended purpose of the original version in the translation. The study of this thesis was carried out following the principles of qualitative research. The data for the study consisted of comments given by the selected Finnish occupational therapists. The translated text was modified according to the comments given by the therapists and different expert's feedback. Only few cultural modifications were made to the final translation. As the result of this thesis, a translated REIS 3.0 assessment tool was created. The translation is not a valid or an official translation. Before publication, it needs to go through pilot testing and must be inspected by a professional of the Finnish language.


There are a number of problems with the current monitoring infrastructure in IT-DB which currently make it difficult to diagnose certain system issues. These include lack of support for certain log formats, latency in messages, and inflexibility of architecture. Several changes to the log monitoring service architecture were evaluated over the period of several weeks, focusing on improving performance, verbosity, and reducing latency. Additionally, several changes to the metric monitoring architecture were evaluated, including deploying a new time-series database to test performance and latency. There were also a number of extra tests conducted on third-party visualisation dashboards and Elasticsearch security software. The proposed log monitoring architecture was found to be useful, and will be the subject of further development and evaluation. The proposed metric monitoring architecture was also found to be useful, but needs further investigation to decide if it is a significant enough improvement over the current architecture to be of value. There were also several software packages found to be unsuitable or unstable, and these are not used in the proposed system architectures. The evaluation was largely successful as much of the work was either found to be unsuitable or will be the subject of further development. CERN openlab Summer Student Report 2015


Adolescence is related to physical and psychological changes and is an important factor for the development of body image. At this stage, body awareness increases due to physical changes, society's importance to physical traits and the growing tendency to compare with cultural norms; in adolescents of both sexes there is the possibility of rapid increases in height and weight, but in women, these body changes are associated with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity; At present, people's lifestyle has changed since bad eating habits, sedentary lifestyle and stress have dominated and physical activity has decreased. The objective of this work was to establish the relationship between the real BMI, risky eating behaviors and the perception of body image in students of a high school in the state of Yucatan. The study was cross-sectional; 212 students participated. Two thirds of the participants were perceived with a body that does not correspond to theirs. A relationship was found between real BMI and perceived BMI, as well as between BMI and the presence of risky eating behaviors.


Several important social, political and economic changes have occurred in recent years that both presage and compel changes in medical education. A host of attitudes and behaviours that once were viewed as sins or crimes-have undergone a process of medicalization;1 such problems as alcoholism, drug addiction, acts of violence, marital incompatibility and sexual deviance are now defined as illnesses. Such issues as abortion, divorce, adoption, the care of the dying or the elderly and the use of life-support systems increasingly involve physicians in biomedical ethical probtems. Practitioners face a series of clients with problems of social or psychologic adjustment who in the traditional, technical sense cannot be considered ill; a group referred to by Rene Fox as the "worried well"!. Their problems are deeply rooted in social situations not sus-


Information needed on the current increased along with the increasingly rapid technological developments. The
more information is required then the required data is also growing and the numbers are even greater. The need
for large amounts of data can be found in STMIK Tasikmalaya Writer, This is because every year there was an
increase of data. Students especially data that continues to grow each year. The author has conducted research
is to predict the period of study of students in STMIK Tasikmalaya using Backpropagation algorithm, the factors
that influence the course duration is cumulative GPA, cumulative GPA less then the longer a student to
graduate, the students know the condition of the party may institute a policy quickly or give warning to the
student. The author takes the data on academic and student affairs Administration Bureau (BAAK) STMIK
Tasikmalaya then process them using rapidminer, from the research results obtained by using the accuracy rate
of 80.% rapidminer, these results suggest that using backpropagation algorithm so long predicted graduation
rate of students is very high.


LaCroix et al. report findings on C storage and changes in the physical-geochemical composition of soils minerals and redox conditions under the seasonal flooding soils. Nevertheless, in different part of the manuscript several strongly weak points have been identified that must be addressed from the authors. Moreover, I do not find that results provided insight into the mechanism on C storage and the changes in the shifting minerals and other critical factors.


This paper considers a common problem in analysis of variance where the responses to a set of treatments are nominal (i.e. are recorded in frequencies) with no underlying metric. Reasoning by analogy from standard analysis of variance of a two-way classification we develop chi-square tests for significance of treatments and interactions. Two tests are proposed for interaction and their asymptotic properties are studied.


The author in detail introduces application of pressure grouting penetration in treatment for foundation dent that has keen caused by goaf in the paper.The bearing capacity of foundation treatment attains normative require that illustrates the grouting penetration is practical in treating foundation dent caused by goaf.The engineers and technicians determine reasonable design parameter,choose wellbehaved construction equipment,draw up operable construction procedure and a set integrated quality system by test in the process of making use of grouting penetration method treating foundation dent.


Dystonia pathophysiology has been partly linked to downregulation and dysfunction of dopamine D2 receptors in striatum. We aimed to investigate the possible morpho-structural correlates of D2 receptor downregulation in the striatum of a DYT1 Tor1a mouse model. Adult control Tor1a+/+ and mutant Tor1a+/− mice were used. The brains were perfused and free-floating sections of basal ganglia were incubated with polyclonal anti-D2 antibody, followed by secondary immune-fluorescent antibody. Confocal microscopy was used to detect immune-fluorescent signals. The same primary antibody was used to evaluate D2 receptor expression by western blot. The D2 receptor immune-fluorescence appeared circumscribed in small disks (~0.3–0.5 µm diameter), likely representing D2 synapse aggregates, densely distributed in the striatum of Tor1a+/+ mice. In the Tor1a+/− mice the D2 aggregates were significantly smaller (µm2 2.4 ± SE 0.16, compared to µm2 6.73 ± SE 3.41 in Tor1a+/+) and sparse, with ~30% less number per microscopic field, value correspondent to the amount of reduced D2 expression in western blotting analysis. In DYT1 mutant mice the sparse and small D2 synapses in the striatum may be insufficient to "gate" the amount of presynaptic dopamine release diffusing in peri-synaptic space, and this consequently may result in a timing and spatially larger nonselective sphere of influence of dopamine action.


Cannabinoids can be classified into three types, which are phytocannabinoids and their analogs, endogenous cannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids. These compounds have broad physiological and pharmacological activities in vivo, such as reducing emesis, regulating energy metabolism and endocrine, dilating vessels, restraining myocardial contraction and anti-inflammatory activities. Numerous studies have demonstrated that some cannabinoids possess antitumor activities. This review summarizes the updates on progress in mechanisms of the antitumor effects of cannabinoids in breast cancer, prostate cancer, glioma and leukemia, in order to demonstrate the important role of the cannabinoids in antitumor drug development in future. Furthermore, it has been reported that the combination of cannabinoids and the current antitumor agents can enhance the antitumor efficacy and overcome the resistance to chemotherapeutics to some extent with a relief of cancer pain and a decrease in adverse effects. Cannabinoids in combination with antitumor agents may become a promising strategy in tumor therapy. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2013.05.016


Recently, many pig farmers have faced the issues of odor suppression and water quality standards for wastewater discharge during the treatment of manure. As a solution to these issues, a small-scale, distributed methane fermentation system was developed and introduced to a pig farm in April 2016. This system had a lower manufacturing cost and was constructed considering the profitably of a medium-sized pig farm in Japan. This study aims at clarifying the carbon and nitrogen flows, power generation from biogas and benefits of the system in view of providing more details about its functionality. The results indicated that 51 % of the carbon had been decomposed into biogas, and the denitrification of wastewater treatment unit in the system was functioning as required. In addition, the monthly electricity production was about 9900 kWh. When the selling price of the electricity produced by the biogas was 39 yen/kWh, it was estimated that the power generated by the system could be sold for 4 . 6 million yen per year. Therefore, the initial cost could be recovered in less than 11 years.


(57) ABSTRACT A probe capable of binding by honologous base pairing independently to a pair of gene regions bordering the upstream and downstream sides of a pair of infrequent restriction endonuclease sites separated by between about 20-2,000 killibases on a section of linear DNA. The probe is produced, according to the method of the invention by digesting the DNA section to completion with the selected endonuclease, and ligating the result ing fragments under conditions which favor end-to-end circularization, and selecting digest fragments of the large circular molecules which have end to end junc tions. Also disclosed are method for mapping and or dering the positions of such probes, using another set of linking probes which span such rate cutting sites.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence. An increase in free radicals and AGEs can cause glomerular cell damage which can lead to inflammation and DM nephropathy. WHO has recommended DM treatment by using herbal medicines that have minimal side effects and have a lot of biological activity to prevent complications. Coprinus comatus (O.F. Mull.) is known as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic agent. The research used C. comatus cultivated in Cianjur. The basidiome of this mushroom has slightly oval and small with height of 8-12 cm and thickness of 2-3 cm. The research included six groups of male Wistar rats: Group 1 received no treatment, Groups 2–6 were administered 45 mg/kg BW streptozotocin once, Group 3 was administered 45 mg/kg BW metformin, Groups 4, 5, and 6 were administered 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg BW of C. comatus fruit body ethanol extract respectively for 14 days. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), hepcidin and β2 microglobulin (B2M) levels were evaluated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple-range tests. The results showed that dose of 500 mg was effective in increasing SOD and decreasing hepcidin, B2M and MDA levels.


In this work we are concerned with the minimization problem associated to the best constant Cn,α in the following interpolation inequality ∫∫|u(x)|α|u(y)|α|x−y|n−2dxdy≤Cn,α‖∇ψ‖L2nα−(n+2)‖ψ‖L2(n+2)−(n−2)α, u∈H1(Rn) for 2≤α<1+4/(n−2) and n≥3. The corresponding variational problem is equivalent to the problem of existence of a ground state solution to the nonlinear non‐local elliptic equation −Δu+ωu−(|x|−(n−2)*|u|α)|u|α−2u = 0. We show that the ground state solution is unique and its mass ‖u‖L22 determines the best constant Cn,α. As a consequence of the above results, we obtain sharp sufficient condition for global existence for the L2‐critical Hartree equation.


In the circumstances of high-speed railways, the wheel-rail vibration is significantly aggravated by polygonal wheel wear and rail corrugation, which subsequently leads to the wheel-rail interaction at higher frequencies and potential failure of the rail fastening. In this paper, a ω-type clip of the fastening in the CRH high-speed rail was used to investigate the failure mechanism. First, a dynamic wheel-rail coupling model and a finite element analysis of the rail clip were developed, from which the rail vibration frequency and modal frequencies of the clip with different installation torques were obtained. The experimental tests and modal simulation results were mutually verified. In addition, the real-time vibration measurement and the wheel-rail wear monitoring were carried out at a CRH high-speed railway site. It was found that the resonant frequencies of the ω-type clip in the installation condition coincided with the excitation frequencies of the wheel-rail interaction induced by wheel-rail wear. The high-frequency dynamic failure mechanism of a typical ω-type clip, W300-1, is put forward for the first time. Moreover, a high-frequency rail clip fatigue test system was designed and developed specifically for this study. The loading excitation frequency of the clip test used was set as 590 Hz, and the loading amplitude was 0.05 mm. After 125-minute operation of the test system, the clip was broken at the expected location predicted by the FEA model. The high-frequency fatigue test result further verified that the failure mechanism of the ω-type clip was due to the resonance of the clip with its excitation force from the wheel-rail interaction. Finally, the clip was then structurally improved taking into account the stiffness and mass, which led to its resonant frequencies shifting away from the high-frequency excitation range, hence avoiding resonance failure of the subject clip.


Estimated age, distant modulus, and extinction for 269 open clusters observed in Gaia second data release as delivered in this study. Summary of joined tables A.1, A.2, and A.3 of the paper. (1 data file).


The realization of digital surveillance system of bank auto-teller machine was expounded, and the problems faced with realizing digital procedure of surveillance system such as the realization method, design principal, function, digital image saving method etc. were discussed. As a result, the system was looked forward to becoming one of the classical example for the combination of digital image study and real system.


As the study of the wireless body area sensor network (BASN) keeps growing, corresponding applications such as bio-signal processing for personal healthcare are gaining more attention. To realize a miniature and multi-functional system for biomedical applications, the design of on-sensor mircoprocessor is considered to be a solution. However, how to balance the power consumption and system scalability remains a challenge. In this work, we try to involve the concept of multi-core computing systems into biomedical applications. A fully programmable system architecture based on the proposed two-way pipeline processing unit (two-way PPU) is introduced and evaluated. The proposed two-way PPU is a computing unit that adopts the general purpose processor (GPP) to provide high system programmability, and is easy to be cascaded for system extension. According to the implementation results, the proposed architecture can save up to 91% of energy compared with conventional multi-core architecture in a four-core biomedical processing microsystem.


The emphasis on the understanding of contemporary geomorphic processes that has dominated Anglophone geomorphological literature over the past 50 years has seen huge progress but also some set-backs. We now have reliable measurements of mean rates of operation of all subaerial processes responsible for modification of landforms and landscapes and have made good progress in estimating the role of human activities as compared with "natural" processes. Some limited progress has been achieved in understanding the scale problem but problems remain. Perhaps the single most surprising development has been the recognition of the ubiquity of disconnectivity in geomorphic systems, the need to calculate virtual velocities of whole geomorphic systems and the relevance of this understanding to the general spatio-temporal scale problem. We have always known that most geomorphic processes operate intermittently but we have continued to depend on models that imply that mass and energy move freely through geomorphic systems and that conservation of mass and energy occurrs uninterruptedly at all temporal and spatial scales.


Abstract : The activities during 1966-68 consisted mostly in developing constructive methods in the theory of compressible fluids and in the theory of analytic functions. The latter can be used for the numerical determination of two-dimensional compressible and incompressible fluid flows. Further, some computational methods connected with the program were worked out. (Author)


This project illustrates my views on my journey as a first-time director of theatre while directing the play Sez She by Jane Martin for Theatre TCU. Specifically, I documented each step of the process from my initial applying for the director position, to my experience in the rehearsal environment, to the final product. I also give my final reflections on it all while discussing all of the obstacles along the way and how I overcame then. Through this experience, I learned how to be a better director, actor, and overall artist of the theatre. I also learned that one's life can be missed if all of life is solely a series of steps to get to the desired destination or goal. As important as it can be to be that tactical, it can also prohibit the true experience of what life's true beauty is and the unexpected things we learn about ourselves and about life while on life's journey. I use my directing experience to support this argument and apply it my own life.


Finding new course materials is a continual challenge for computer science faculty. Although some free, online collections exist, they are largely under utilized. This study is a work-in-progress that examines the utility of these repositories via a survey of North American faculty. It explores both their current practices for identifying new course materials and probes their perceptions of online repositories. Preliminary results indicate both low visibility and marginal utility. Suggestions for improvement are provided.


This is a time for deliberation about a grave health and human dilemma, for serious thought about the fate of many ill people within the United States and more millions throughout the world. They suffer from an illness whose origins are murky, from an illness we treat without substantial success, one that quickly becomes chronic and causes marked deterioration despite our best efforts; that withers the minds of the afflicted so that they cannot easily live in society, destroys the person within the body, but not the physical being; that in its course causes untold suffering to the victim and his or her family and entails an economic cost far beyond that of any physical illness or combination of illnesses. Yet, this illness does not arouse our sympathy or compassion as do physical illnesses with far less devastating consequences: on the contrary, mental illness often arouses impatience, if not outright intolerance and hostility.


The topic I was asked to address, as indicated by the title, is restricted to a discussion of land tenure, property regimes and traditional leadership in 'communal areas'. Broader issues of land reform, including redistribution, are beyond the scope of this paper and will, presumably, form the subject of other public dialogues. I have focused on questions concerning the nature of land rights within customary systems, and whether, and for whom, they create property rights.


After radiography, white-beam X-ray topography (XRT) is the simplest X-ray imaging technique for crystals. An X-ray topograph is formed by a Bragg reflexion and is in effect a high-spatial-resolution Laue 'spot'. Synchrotron radiation has given XRT additional powers, with its broad continuous spectrum, small beam divergence, high intensity, strong polarization and regular pulsed time structure. Each Laue image, however, may consist of the superposition of several harmonic reflexions. Background scattering should be attenuated to improve signal-to-noise ratio; and Laue spots should not overlap. This may impose a minimum distance between specimen and detector, possibly at the expense of spatial resolution. Account may need to be taken of absorption of the X-rays, both in the crystal and in air. The configuration of the experiment must be chosen carefully to minimize geometrical image distortions. The detector may be an image plate or a charge-coupled device; but for the best resolution (1 or 2 µm), a photographic plate is used to image individual dislocations. Whole specimens may be illuminated with synchrotron X-rays, or regions may be selected by slits. In the former case, crystals may be checked for distortions or for twinning. In the latter, an image may be made of a slice precisely parallel to a chosen crystallographic plane, as the crystal selects the appropriate 'Bragg wavelength' from the continuous spectrum: (a technique only available to characteristic radiation in special cases). Crystalline defects and strains associated with crystal growth, plastic deformation, phase transitions, polytypes and magnetic domains may be studied non-destructively by XRT.


Conditions for the mild and efficient nitration of phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene), 5-methoxyresorcinol, 3,5-dimethoxyphenol, and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene have been developed. Yields of the trinitro derivatives are excellent (∼90%) for systems having one or more hydroxyl groups, and in the case of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, the trinitro analog was obtained in 62% yield. The optimum nitration conditions utilize sulfuric acid (94–98%) and an inorganic nitrate salt.


PurposeThis study aims to identify SHRM (strategic human resource management) essential practices for the TQM (total quality management) program regarding an Indian tire manufacturing company and formulate an inclusive interrelationship to prioritize them.Design/methodology/approachSemistructured interview with ten experts from the company was made to give SHRM practices scores. The SLR (systematic literature review) and TOPSIS (technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) techniques are used to establish the model for 12 key practices and rank them afterward.FindingsThe findings clearly show that strategic planning and staffing, teamwork and leadership development have appeared as the top three essential practices. Simultaneously, performance measurement and evaluation, work design and analysis and promotion are identified as the bottom three practices. These essential practices are identified as contributing attributes.Practical implicationsThe findings prioritize the SHRM practices as contributing attributes that help other tire manufacturing industries identify their key practices. Moreover, it provides the necessary inputs comprised of ten experts' decisions to become more active and well prepared.Originality/valueThe novelty of this study is to identify the key practices by using SLR and measured by the TOPSIS method to rank and consider a tire manufacturing company as a case-based approach to gain high productivity and competitive advantage.


Abstract : A flight-weight radiative and actively cooled honeycomb sandwich panel (RACP was subjected to multiple cycles of both radiant and aerothermal heating. The 0.61-m (2 ft) by 1.22-m (4 ft) test specimen incorporated essential features of a full-scale 0.61-m (2 ft) by 6.10-m (20 ft) RACP designed to withstand a heat flux of 136 kW/m2 (12 Btu/sq. ft-sec). The panel consisted of Rene 41 heat shields, a thin layer of high-temperature insulation, and an aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel with coolant tubes next to the sandwich skin. A 60/40 mass solution of ethylene glycol/water was used to cool the panel which successfully withstood a total of 3.5 hr of radiant heating and 137 sec exposure to an M = 6.6 test stream. Heatshield temperatures reached 1080 K (1945 R), and cooled-panel temperatures reached 382 K (687 R) midway between coolant tubes. Simulation of the full-scale panel indicated that the full-scale RACP would perform as expected. The tests revealed no evidence of coolant leadkage or hot- gas ingress which would seriously degrade the RACP performance. (Author)


The paper researches the method of developing the logistics operation MIS,introduces in detail the wireless WAN based GPRS,the realization of MVC pattern framework,the development of the PDA mobile based on Linux and J2ME.The application system can help logistics scheduler and logistics operation share data at real time,it can help logistics scheduler improve the accuracy of scheduler and the.utilization ratio of the logistics resources,reduce the cost and increase the profits.


To investigate the manipulation of magnetic particles diluted in magnetic fluid, we fabricated a spin valve sensor consisting of sensing and reference sensors and a current-carrying wire near the sensing sensor as well as a microfluidic channel. We designed the microfluidic channel to operate only on the top surface of the sensing sensor. Although a 40 μV output signal was achieved when the magnetic fluid including a 106 bead/ml concentration passed through the channel, the signal disappeared when we switched on the line current. Such a result indicated that the magnetic force, induced by the gradient near the current-carrying wire, caused magnetic particles to exit from the top surface of the sensing sensor. In particular, the output signal recovered to a value of 40 μV when the current was switched off. In addition, the output signal was proportional to the concentration of magnetic fluid. The results in this study indicated that magnetic pumping employing a current-carrying wire near sensors can be eff...


A novel process for the production of renewable isoprene has been developed by converting carbohydrate-derived mevalonolactone, dehydromevalonolactone, and mevalonic acid via a combination of fermentation and thermocatalytic reaction pathways. The conversion of these aqueous fermentation derived intermediates was studied in batch, semi-batch and continuous reactors using a variety of heterogeneous acid catalysts. Isoprene selectivity greater than 90% could be achieved in the batch and semibatch reactors at a molar yield of 26 – 55%, while 68% molar yield of isoprene was obtained in the continuous reactor.


X Radiography-filming inspection is an important procedure to ensure quality of welded pipe,whether its filming process and inspection method is right or not,it have great influence to inspection quality and evaluation result.Through discussion on placement of X radiography-filming unit for SSAW pipe,this article is especially important to establish and adopt proper X-ray inspection process to ensure quality of SSAW pipe.


The creation of magnetic composite materials using barium ferrite with a natural rubber as a binding material has been successfully carried out. Barium ferrite and natural rubber was fabricated with composition (1-x) + barium ferrite + (x) natural rubber, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.5. Mixing was done at room temperature. The mix was built with a pressure of 3 tons. The samples were tested to determine the density and mechanical elasticity. Samples with 50% barium ferrite has great appeal that is can stand weight up to 1,332 kg, but has a smaller density is 1.79 x 10 -2 (kg/m 3 ). This Happened because the larger the binder material, the mechanical strength will be stronger. The more barium ferrite magnets remanence are used then the value will be greater. The magnetic remanence value with composition of 80% barium ferrite is 0.79 (kG) which is the best value and has a value of coercitivity (Hc) of more than 200 Oe. This proves that the magnets that were made were hard magnets. Key Word: barium ferrite, natural rubber, mechanical testing, magnetic testing


Abstract Monte Carlo simulations of colloid deposition on a one-dimensional permeable surface from a uniform flow field are reported. The effects of particle size, fluid velocity, and particle density on the transport of particles to the collector surface by fluid drag, gravity settling, and Brownian motion are described in terms of a Peclet number, NPe. For NPe ⩽ 10-1.7 (small, near-neutrally buoyant particles and low fluid velocities) deposit morphology converges to one of diffusion-limited growth characterized by a fractal dimension, D, of approximately 1.7. Thus, small particles ( 103) corresponding to larger particles and higher fluid velocities. However, the theoretical limit is not attained due to constraints imposed on the simulation lattice and deposit restructuring. For intermediate values of NPe(10-1.7


Objective To observe the effect of high glucose on bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Methods Endothelial cells obtained from bovine retinas were cultured in vitro .The effect of high glucose on endothelial was evaluated by measurement of MTT and 3H-thymidine incorporation. Results There was significant difference in MTT proliferation between high glucose (28, 40 mmol/L)and normal glucose(5.5 mmol/L)cultured for 2 days and 7 days .High glucose had an effective inhibition rate on endothelial cells and this rate increased when the glucose concentration raised and time passed by. Conclusions High glucose has a significant effect of inhibition on bovine retinal endothelial cells.


In Mexico, in the 1940s, an American agronomist named Norman Borlaug developed a variety of wheat resistant to a fungus that infects wheat and corn crops, thus managing to double crop production and leading Mexico to become an exporting country of grains. Then, with the aim of reducing mass famine on a global scale, scientists improved the yields of a few crops (such as corn, wheat, rice, and potatoes) to efficiently provide food for the growing population. However, relying on so few crops left us highly vulnerable to attack by pests including unwanted herbs, insects, and fungi. Thus, it became increasingly clear that the only way to keep a huge field grown with only one species (such as corn) pest-free was by applying synthetic pesticides, such as DDT and glyphosate. This is their story. This article was previously


Focuses on teaching principles and practices of Australian primary science teachers as part of the School Innovation in Science (SIS) program in Victoria, Australia. Inadequacy of traditional teaching in developing and changing student's science understandings; Case descriptions of effective teachers in primary science; Analysis of the case descriptions and the implication of results for educational practice.


Some of the attempts to replace the Standard Model with more satisfactory theories result in predictions that lepton flavor (separate lepton number) is not absolutely conserved. A new generation of experiments is underway to study decays in which lepton flavor conservation might be violated, such as K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup {minus plus}}e{sup {plus minus}}, K{sup +} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{mu}{sup +}e{sup {minus}}, {mu} {yields} e{gamma}, {mu} {yields} eee, and {mu}{sup {minus}}A {yields} e{sup {minus}}A. Since the form of a lepton number violating interaction is unknown, it is useful to probe all of these decays, and perhaps decays of B and D mesons, to whatever level is technically feasible. However, here we concentrate on the decay K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup {minus plus}}e{sup {plus minus}}. The three most recent experiments on this process have been E780 at BNL, E791 at BNL, and KEK E137, which currently report (90% C.L.) upper limits on the branching fraction of 1.9 {times} 10{sup {minus}9}, 2.2 {times} 10{sup {minus}10}, and 4.3 {times} 10{sup {minus}10} respectively. While E780 is complete, the two other experiments are in the process of collecting larger samples and a combined sensitivity of about 2 {times} 10{sup {minus}11} is likely (by sensitivity wemore » mean the branching fraction which would produce one observed event). Any new experiment should aim at a sensitivity of 10{sup {minus}13}. There are several places which might offer a suitable beam: the BNL AGS with the Booster, the Fermilab Main Injector (MI), and the TRIUMF KAON facility. 5 refs.« less


The present invention discloses an organic electroluminescent device, comprising successively laminating a conductive anode, a hole-doped layer, a light emitting layer, electron transport layer, an electron injection layer and a cathode, the material of the hole-doped layer is a surface coating metal oxide coated zinc oxide particles. The present invention also discloses a method of making an organic electroluminescent device. The present invention is a hole-doped layer having both hole injecting capability and hole transporting capability has, can improve the probability of recombination of electrons and holes, while improving the luminous efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device.


INTRODUCTION The main goal of cochlear implantation is, without any doubt, to restore a better understanding of spoken language and thus improve the patients' quality of life [1]. In the last years, a growing number of cochlear implant surgeons have focused on establishing minimally invasive techniques: besides atraumatic electrode insertion to spare residual hearing capabilities of the cochlea, different skin incisions were chosen with the wish for an improved aesthetic outcome and to prevent implant extrusion. Preauricular incisions were formerly performed to maximise the distance between the sutures and the implant bed, intending to reduce infections, but cannot be recommended due to the fully visible scars [2]. In retroauricular incisions, the course of the superficial temporal artery and the branches of the posterior auricular artery should be considered (Figure 1). While large incisions extending to the temporal squama were quite common in the past; nowadays many surgeons have had good experiences with rather small retroauricular incisions [3-6]. Scar outcome measures are important for patients and clinicians, since not only the long-term aesthetic impairment can be estimated, but long-term outcomes of the surgical techniques and postoperative complications like wound infections are also reflected.


This study aims to determine and analyze the description of the characteristics of taxpayers, taxpayer satisfaction levels, performance levels and the importance of service quality attributes, analyze direct and indirect effects and efforts to improve tax services in West Tanjung Jabung Jabung Regency. The research method used in this study is explantory. survey, while the approach used is quantitative. In analyzing the data used descriptive statistical techniques that function to classify data, work on, conclude, describe and present the processed results. Of the five dimensions of service characteristics in evaluating service quality, namely Tangibles, which includes physical facilities, equipment, employees and communication facilities are in the very satisfied category, reliability, namely the ability to provide services immediately, accurately and satisfactory and in accordance with what has been promised are in the satisfied category, Responsiveness, namely the desire of the staff to help customers and provide services responsively are in the satisfied category, Tangible Direct and Indirect Effects  Towards Satisfaction of Regional Taxpayers in West Tanjung Jabung Regency of 0.118; Direct and Indirect Effects of Reliability on Satisfaction of Regional Taxpayers of Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency of 0.081; Direct and Indirect Effects of Responsiveness Towards Satisfaction of Local Taxpayers K Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency is 0.134; Direct and Indirect Effects of Assurance on Regional Taxpayer Satisfaction in West Tanjung Jabung Regency is 0.134; Direct and Indirect Effects of Empathy on Compulsory Satisfaction Regional Tax of Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency is 0.346;, the results of the Independent Sample T-Test, obtained a T-Test Value of 0.000 where 0.000 <0.05 means that there is a significant difference between efforts to improve tax services that have been carried out by the BPPRD office. with Taxpayer Expectations.


The output shaft rupture failure of an aviation start generator in aero-engine tests has been de-scribed briefly. The mathematic model of the start generator and its electrical control system has been setup to simulate the system and analyze the main factors resulting in the rupture failure. It has been indicatedthat the chief elements leading to the rupture were the deterioration of the characteristics of the power sup-ply of No.1 start generator. The unreasonable feedback of voltage in No.2 start generator led to the conflictin matching the characteristics of the power supply with the impedance of the electrical components in theelectrical circuit such as the generator and the electrical cable. According to the results of the simulation,the resolution has been made and proved to be effective. The failure has been cleared, indicating that themodeling was correct and reliable.


Experiments show that transmittance of parallel-plane Ge changes quasi-periodically with time under CW CO2 laser radiation. Basing on multi-beam interference theory for parallel-plane and considering influence of laser-induced temperature change on refractivity and thick of Ge, calculated result is consistent with experimental data. It indicated that parallel-plane Ge has a dynamic Fabry-Perot interference effect as dependences of refractivity and thick on temperature by high power CW CO2 laser heating.


Considered pneumatic grippers (ROM) to create a swirling flow of working medium fed tangentially into a cylindrical swirl chamber, with the subsequent increase in the tangential component of the rotation velocity of the jet nozzle walls or supply chamber, which increases the degree of vacuum in the axial zone of the vortex chamber and the capacity of ROM increases. Proposed design with the creation of multidirectional air jets that provide an automatic pre-basing the angle of rotation and centering objects production with subsequent capture. A model that allows to determine the conditions and the dynamics of grasping objects with small area entrainment depending on design and technological parameters of the device and details. Experimental research prototype ROM annular swirl chamber designed for grasping objects with a small area of production entrainment (GOST 9833-73 086-092-36-2-4 ring) experimentally confirmed the legitimacy of the use of theoretical calculations for the design of the proposed ROM increased efficiency.


The presented paper proposes a state machine of REA (Resource-Event-Agent) model. This model constitutes a fundamental building block for value modeling applications. Contrary to other approaches to this issue, the paper proposes the state machine "inside" the REA model utilizing the DEMO (Design & Engineering Methodology for Organizations) generic approach and its other features. This means that the states of the REA model itself are taken into consideration. One of the advantages of DEMO is its perception of an enterprise as a social system, of which the elements are human subjects that are in their roles of social individuals. It is obvious that human subjects have appropriate authority and bear the corresponding responsibility. From a wider perspective, the REA model can be considered a social system because the fundamental elements of the model are human subjects (economic agents). For this reason, the REA model and its relationships can be viewed from the DEMO transaction pattern perspective despite possible differences in modeling. The core relationships of the REA model acquire a new meaning and bearing. The result of this approach is the introduction of a clear and unambiguous state machine. This approach inherently integrates the current, past and future event into one structure (transaction) and simplifies the traditional REA distinction between current and past events and future events modeled by commitments. The paper also analyzes the phases of a business transaction to prove that the proposed solution is in compliance with the business transaction declaration.


Intracardiac malignancies are most commonly metastatic cardiac tumors, and they are 20–40 times more common than the primary cardiac malignancies. Synovial sarcoma, an uncommon mesenchymal tumor itself, commonly spreads to the lung, but very rarely to the heart in the literature. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) occurs because of the obstruction of blood flow in superior vena cava, mostly because of malignancies and needs urgent relief. Our case was a formerly diagnosed lung metastatic synovial sarcoma, presenting with right heart failure symptoms and SVCS. He was a 61-year-old male patient presenting with recent onset of whole body swelling and dyspnea. At admission, he had upper and lower extremity edema, neck swelling with prominent jugular veins, and ascites. His echocardiographic evaluation revealed an 8x4 cm mass almost completely filling the right atrium, coming from the superior vena cava and extending across the tricuspid valve through the right ventricle in each diastole, causing an inflow obstruction with a mean gradient of 9 mm Hg (Video 1). Considering the clinical scenario, the mass was believed to be a metastatic synovial sarcoma. His thorax computerized tomography (CT) reported intracardiac mass nearly obliterating the whole right atrium and superior vena cava (Fig. 1a, b). It was extending till the right jugular vein and left brachiocephalic vein. After palliative radiotherapy, palliative surgical resection was done and a giant mass invading from superior vena cava till right ventricle was excised (Fig. 2a). The pathological examination revealed biphasic synovial sarcoma (Fig. 2b, c). Patient died 3 weeks after the surgery because of postoperative complications.


2021, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 136–146 136 Introduction The blast furnace is a complex object for control, since such processes as fuel burning, metal smelting, iron reduction and carbonization etc. take place in it. The modern methods for analysis of blast-furnace smelting processes are based on the achievements of multiple fields of science and technology. The blast furnace process models have been studied for over the course of many years [1–16]. Among the researchers, a considerable contribution into the development of blast furnace process studying were made by I.G. Tovarovskiy [1–3], N.A. Spirin, V.V. Lavrov, V.G. Lisienko [4], V.G. Lisienko [5], X. Wen, H. Cao, B. Hon, E. Chen, H. Li [6], J. Kule [7], M. Sasaki, K. Ono, A. Suzuki [8] et al. One of the existing approaches to the blast furnace production maintenance is the use of the table of factors influencing the coke rate and blast furnace performance [1]. The method was developed based on generalization of the blast-furnace smelting dependencies and basic blast furnace process principles. It includes the charge mixture characteristics (the contents of iron, ore), coke quality (hardness М25, abrasion strength М10, size + 80 mm, ash), chemical composition of cast iron (Si, Mn, F, S), blasting parameters (blast temperature, oxygen concentration, humidity) and etc. In employing this approach to Автоматизированные системы управления технологическими процессами


The treatment and disposal of nuclear material is a crucial element in today`s nuclear power industry. We present a physical process of centrifugal separation that has potential to deal with existing waste and provide opportunities for realizing advanced accelerator-driven power generation. In our proposed process a liquid metal solution containing actinides and fission products is fed through a series of continuous flow centrifuges. We show fundamentals of centrifugation including theory and experiments and estimate how the processing can be optimized.


Phosphatidic acid(PA)analogue for photoaffinity labeling was synthesized,which beats the photoactivable group on the sn1 fatty acyl chain.The perfluorophenyl azide was selected as photoactivable group for it gaving more C—H insertion than that of nonfluorinated analogues.Isotope 33P was introduced into the PA analogue by enzymatic method.Primary test showed that the PA analogue was as efficient as naturally occurring PA in activating cAMPphosphodiesterases,suggesting that it could be proper candidate for farther enzymatic photoaffinity labeling.


Melanin is a kind of dark-brown or black negative charged materials formed by the oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds. Melanin synthesis is associated with the virulence of a number of human pathogenic fungi. Melanin can enhance the pathogenicity and survival of infective fungi by protecting them against environmental damage, oxidative injury and antifungal agents. It has been observed that the melanin in Cryptococcus neoformans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Sporotrichum schenckii is closely related to the virulence of these fungi. This article presents the possible mechanisms underlying the enhancement of fungal virulence by melanin.

Key words:
Melanins;  Fungi;  Virulence


In order to promote the potato production,the effect of cadmium concentration on fresh-weight,dryweight,proportion,dry matter accumulation rate,content of protein and starch of potato tuber were studied with pot experiment.The results showed that with the increasing of cadmium concentration,fresh-weight of potato decreased significantly,dry-weight,proportion,dry matter accumulation rate and content of starch decreased significantly extremely.Mild cadmium pollution had little effect on content of protein,only treatment of 40mg·kg-1 Cd2+had significant difference than control.


Abstract. We developed a real-time optical monitoring system consisting of a monochrome complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera and two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a constant temperature incubator for the rapid detection of microbial growth on solid media. As a target organism, we used Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, which is an acidophilic thermophilic endospore-forming bacterium able to survive in pasteurization processes and grow in acidic drink products such as apple juice. This bacterium was cultured on agar medium with a redox dye applied to improve detection sensitivity. On the basis of spectroscopic properties of the colony, medium, and LEDs, an optimal combination of two LED illuminations was selected to maximize the contrast between the colony and medium areas. We measured A. acidocaldarius and Escherichia coli at two different dilution levels using these two LEDs. From the results of time-course changes in the number of detected pixels in the detection images, a similar growth rate was estimated amongst the same species of microbes, regardless of the dilution level. This system has the ability to detect a colony of approximately 26 μm in diameter in a detection image, and it can be interpreted that the size corresponds to less than 20 μm diameter in visual inspection.


Parkinson's disease (PD) results primarily from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, but it is now clear that its pathogenesis is underlined by interaction of different mediatory systems. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is vastly distributed in the central nervous system and represents a potential therapeutic approach for a number of neurologic diseases , PD among them. MIF-1`s modulating action on ECS is also of interest as well as ECS and peptides combined effect on pain


In the global airline industry, an airline's fleet routing affects its profitability, level of service and its competitive position. Using a qualitative research approach, this paper examines Singapore Airlines Airbus A350-900XWB fleet deployment and route network development for the period 2016 to 2018. The qualitative data was examined using document analysis. The study found that Singapore Airlines has deployed the Airbus A350-900XWB aircraft on new air routes from Singapore to Cape Town via Johannesburg, Düsseldorf and Stockholm via Moscow and return. The Airbus A350-900XWB aircraft are also replacing older, less efficient aircraft as part of the company's fleet modernization strategy. Singapore Airlines is also acquiring the new ultra-long-range variant of the Airbus A350-900XWB for use on its proposed new non-stop services from Singapore to Los Angeles and Newark Liberty Airport in New Jersey, USA. The longest flight stage length is the Singapore to San Francisco route which is 7339 nautical miles (13,594 km) in length. The shortest stage length is between Singapore and Kuala Lumpur (160 nautical miles or 297 km). The new non-stop services from Singapore to Los Angeles and New York City will be the longest non-stop services operated by Singapore Airlines. The flight stage lengths between Singapore and Los Angeles and Singapore and Newark Liberty Airport are 7621 nautical miles (14,114 km) and 8285 nautical miles (15,344 km), respectively. The greatest number of available seat kilometers (ASKs) are generated on Singapore Airlines Airbus A350-900 XWB service from Singapore to San Francisco (3.57 million ASKs). The smallest number of ASKs produced are on the short-haul service from Singapore to Kuala Lumpur (75,141 ASKs).