Abstract Mitochondria have a multitude of functions, including energy generation and cell signaling. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics (i.e. the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion) also regulate immune functions. Here, we reveal that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation increases mitochondrial numbers in mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) and human monocyte‐derived macrophages. In BMMs, this response requires Toll‐like receptor 4 (Tlr4) and the TLR adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) but is independent of mitochondrial biogenesis. Consistent with this phenomenon being a consequence of mitochondrial fission, the dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) GTPase that promotes mitochondrial fission is enriched on mitochondria in LPS‐activated macrophages and is required for the LPS‐mediated increase in mitochondrial numbers in both BMMs and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Pharmacological agents that skew toward mitochondrial fusion also abrogated this response. LPS triggered acute Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 635 (S635), followed by sustained Drp1 dephosphorylation at serine 656 (S656), in BMMs. LPS‐induced S656 dephosphorylation was abrogated in MyD88‐deficient BMMs, suggesting that this post‐translational modification is particularly important for Tlr4‐inducible fission. Pharmacological or genetic targeting of Tlr4‐inducible fission had selective effects on inflammatory mediator production, with LPS‐inducible mitochondrial fission promoting the expression and/or secretion of a subset of inflammatory mediators in BMMs and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Thus, triggering of Tlr4 results in MyD88‐dependent activation of Drp1, leading to inducible mitochondrial fission and subsequent inflammatory responses in macrophages.


The superiority and difficulty of TCM hospital were pointed out by combing the courses of Gansu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine participating public health emergencies in recent years,and then how to develop the advantages of TCM and solve the urgent problems when participating public health emergency were raised to provide reference for the relevant study.


IT IS COMMON KNOWLEDGE among neurologists that an elevation of body temperature, whether induced or caused by febrile illness, is f r e q u e n t l y assoc ia ted w i t h a w o r s e n i n g of symptoms and signs in the multiple sclerosis (MS) patient (Uthoff's symptom).'* That a lowering of normal body temperature in these patients may produce transient improvement 5-7 is not as widely appreciated. Watson5 produced quantitative improvement in 6 of 8 MS patients by immersing them in cold water and lowering the core body temperature by 1 O F. Visual acuity and scotoma size were most affected. The 2 patients who were u n a f f e c t e d m a i n t a i n e d t h e i r b a s e l i n e temperatures despite prolonged immersion, leading Watson to conclude tha t a lowered body temperature is crucial to the improvement. Induction of hypothermia is not always required t o p r o d u c e t h e i m p r o v e m e n t . N a m e r o w e documented marked visual acuity fluctuations in an MS patient in association with normal circadian t e m p e r a t u r e c h a n g e s . T h e l o w e r b o d y temperatures were strongly correlated with increased visual acuity. We have recently had the opportunity to study an MS patient with striking temperature-related c h a n g e s i n visual a c u i t y . W e p r e s e n t o u r observations in hopes of adding to the small body of available data on this subject and of stimulating f u r t h e r s tudy of this poorly unders tood b u t potentially important phenomenon.


Over the past three decades, the Asante Akyem Agogo of Ghana has had limited peace and stability, which are preconditions for sustainable development due to protracted farmer-herder conflicts. This study was conducted to investigate the genesis of the farmer-herders' conflict, the actors involved as well as the land tenure system in the area. Two complementary analytical approaches are applied. The first consists of qualitative content analysis of documents on the conflict from the late 1990s-2017. The second is the collection and analysis of data through ethnographic fieldwork using a semi-structured, focus group discussion and observation from six purposively selected communities. This study highlights three main findings: 1) the rearing of cattle in Agogo in commercial quantities began after the release of lands from the chiefs of Agogo to some cattle owners; 2) the conflict is "purely" an economic conflict with many actors with competing interests, and 3) the land tenure system in Agogo makes land ownership a valuable commodity.


Abstract Justin Barrett's consideration of some challenges for religious belief raised by evolutionary and cognitive theories of religion was criticized by Howard Van Till for overstating tensions, mischaracterizing the most important epistemological issues, and proposing a solution that perpetuates war on evolution. We argue that each of these claims is untrue, and is not conducive to dialogue that constructively engages and attempts to resolve tensions between science and religion where they do exist.


The feeding trials were conducted to examine the effects of several protein sources and other factors on the weight gain, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of Tilapia nilotica. As a protein source, casein-gelatin (3:1) and casein had a higher nutritive value than gelatin, albumin, and a mixture of casein and crystalline amino acids (1:1). The effects of feeding rate, feeding frequency, stocking density, dietary vitamin level, and a bineer on growth of Tilapia were tested with 2 levels in a factorial design using an orthogonal array Ls. As for the weight gain, FCE, and PER, a significant difference (P<0.05) was detected only on the feeding rate. The weight gain was higher at 7.0% feeding rate than at 3.5% feeding rate; whereas the FCE and PER were higher at 3.5% feeding rate than at 7.0% feeding rate. The weight gain, FCE, and PER of Tilapia were not affected by the feeding frequency, stocking density, dietary vitamin level, and the binder under the experimental conditions adopted.


Periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate is fabricated with a period of 4.9 mum, corresponding to pure-blue second harmonic generation at 456 nm. Average output power of 55 mW is obtained at room temperature without photorefraction.


Part one of this two part report, State Rail Policies, Plans, and Programs, examined the extent of state involvement in rail matters in 38 states. The purpose of this second report is to provide an in depth look at four diverse, yet exemplary, state rail programs: California, Florida, North Carolina, and Washington State. The report contains considerable documentation in terms of state statutes, funding histories, program descriptions, feasibility studies, Amtrak 403(b) contracts, and the like. The report addresses a series of questions related to "how, what, and how much". The report's aim is not to endorse a specific state rail program, but rather to present a range of appropriate options to Texas policymakers that have been applied elsewhere and judged to be successful in meeting a variety of state rail needs.


The Ear Research Institute's cochlear implant stimulator produces a 16 KHz sinusoidal carrier voltage, which is modulated by the audio input from the environment. This Appendix concerns patient responses to this carrier signal, first without modulation, and then with sinusoidal modulation. The general purpose was to achieve with simple stimuli a better understanding of the type of information the implant subjects were receiving. APPENDIX A


The invention discloses infrared nonlinear optical powder as well as analysis and application of mono-crystal selenium-germanium-gallium-lead. The molecular weight of the selenium-germanium-gallium-lead (molecular formula: PbGa2GeSe6) is 893.01, the selenium-germanium-gallium-lead belongs to an orthorhombic crystal system, the space group is Fdd2, and the unit cell parameter is as shown in the specification, wherein alpha=beta=gamma=90 degrees and Z=16. The selenium-germanium-gallium-lead is prepared by a high-temperature reaction method by use of a sealed vacuum quartz tube and a graphite crucible. The selenium-germanium-gallium-lead has an excellent infrared nonlinear optical performance and a wide infrared transmission range; according to experimental determination, the SHG (Second Harmonic Generation) intensity of the powder (the particle size is 25-45 microns) of the selenium-germanium-gallium-lead is about 12 times that of the AgGaS2 with the corresponding particle size, and the powder also satisfies type I phase matching and has a good application prospect.


Based on an asymmetrical beam splitter (ABS) and conditional measurement, we have investigated the nonclassical properties of non-Gaussian states in a unified form, including photon subtraction, photon addition and quantum catalysis, by deriving analytical expressions for photon number, squeezing effect, Mandel Q parameter and Wigner function. It is found that these properties not only depend on squeezing parameter and measurement, but also on the transmissivity of the ABS. Photon addition and quantum catalysis present a higher probability in the regions of low and high transmissivity, respectively. Although both single-photon subtraction and addition share a clear negative volume, the latter is considered to be a better choice for producing nonclassical states than the two others, if both success probability and negative volume in the small squeezing region are taken into consideration. Quantum catalysis is better in the large squeezing region and with low transmissivity. These results provide some reference for generating such non-Gaussian states.


The significant deterioration of health leads to the need in developing programs of training and educating of the younger generation on the basis of health preserving technologies in education. The conceptual approaches to the development of training programs in healthy lifestyles are discussed.


In the Korkuteli area of the western Taurides, Upper Cretaceous sequences consist of the neritic and hemipelagic Beydaglari Formation and the pelagic Akdag Formation. These formations show important facies variations and stratigraphic gaps. The Beydaglari Formation, ranging in age from Cenomanian to Santonian, is approximately 600 m thick, and is composed mainly of platform-type neritic carbonates. Five microfacies indicating tidal-flat, subtidal (lagoonal), reef, and forereef subenvironments are distinguished in the neritic carbonates of the formation. Benthic foraminifera and rudists are the main biological components that provide information about the environment and age of the unit. In addition, cryptalgal lamination also is recognized as an important tool in determining environment. The uppermost part of the Beydaglari Formation is composed of hemipelagic carbonates (a sixth microfacies), which were deposited under basinal conditions. The Akdag Formation consists of planktonic foraminifera-bearing pelagic carbonates, suggesting a Campanian-Maastrichtian age and deposition as a basinal facies. The formation disconformably overlies the Beydaglari Formation along an erosional surface. Eocene transgressive pelagic clayey carbonates of the Ulucak Formation unconformably overlie the Upper Cretaceous carbonate sequences. Detailed investigations have shown that, at least in the studied part of the autochthonous unit, the platform began to drown during the Santonian and that a true basinal environment persisted from the Campanian to the Maastrichtian. Two erosional phases are recorded; one occurred after the Santonian and is characterized by a prominent erosional surface, and the other is responsible for the post-Cretaceous regression.


A study of one-dimension photonic crystal cylindrical cavity and metal cylindrical cavity has been finished under the help of ISFEL3 D. The research shows that TM910 mode adjacent to TM010 only exists in the outermost layer mediator,it won't interfere with TM010 mode. The frequency interval is 213 MHz. The characteristic impedance of onedimensional photonic crystal cylindrical cavity( 94. 9 Ω) is smaller than the metal cylindrical cavity's( 129 Ω),but its uniformity is better. Besides,it has little effect on TM010 when the one-dimensional photonic crystal cylindrical cavity is connected to drift tubes. It means that one-dimensional photonic crystal cylindrical cavity has better ability to resist the disturbance of the drift tubes,which is the precondition of its application in high radio-frequency klystron.


Complex immunogenic for vaccination and method of production. # The present invention relates to an immunogenic complex comprising a polymerized antigen, mannan and a dialdehyde, the composition comprising, and the use thereof as a stimulator of the immune response and vaccine useful in the treatment of infectious diseases, cancers and allergies. The invention also relates to the method for obtaining said immunogenic complex based on the simultaneous polymerization and conjugation of mannan antigen and by using a dialdehyde.


Abstract 134 Cs radioactive concentration among soil samples is difficult to classify due to the background impact on crust originated natural radioactive nuclide, and overlapping and int erfering between peaks. The ways to identify true peaks in gamma-ray spectroscopy are as follows to reduce statistical fluctuation by smoothing based on the fact that the shapes of peak are mostly Gaussian, to inspect the levels of width and height of peaks, to add functions on low-energy trailing phenomena, or 4) to check the peaks after modifying Gaussian function itself. Therefore, it is considered that information and knowledge for spectrum analysis are necessary. Key Words : Energy spectrum, Peak separate, Gamma-ray Spectrometry 요 약 토양 시료 중에 극미량의 134 Cs 방사능 농도는 지각 기원자연방사성 핵종들에 의한 background 의 영향 및 피크간의 중첩 및 간섭으로 구분하기가 어렵다. 감마선 분광학에서 참 피크의 식별은 피크의 모양이 대체로 Gaussian 임을 고려하여 smoothing 에 의해 통계적 요동을 감소시켜 보거나 피크의 폭이나 솟아오름의 정도를 검사하거나, 저에너지 tailing 현상에 대한 함수를 추가하거나 Gaussian 함수자체를 변형시켜 확인 할 수 있었다. 그러므로 스펙트럼 분석에 대한 정보와 지식이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.


Abstract Bivalves and amphipods represent the two most species-rich groups of the Caspian Sea invertebrate fauna. This diversification has led to adaptations of which the commensalism of the amphipod Cardiophilus baeri inside the lagoon cockle Cerastoderma glaucum is studied here. Animals were sampled at three depths: at 2, 5, and 10 metres, and in different seasons during 1999 and 2000. To study the influence of the amphipod upon the growth of the lagoon cockle,comparisons were made between shell size, biomass, and the number of individuals for eight different regions where the amphipod Cardiophilus was present and where it was absent.


Himalayan specimens of Umbilicaria decussata deposited in the herbaria M (Munich) and KRAM (Krakow) were examined during a revision of the genus Umbilicaria. From the Himalayas, Poelt (1977) reported together with a typical variety of U. decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. a newly circumscribed variety, U. decussata var. rhizinata Frey & Poelt. He distinguished the new taxon by the presence of whitish, cylindrical rhizines on the lower surface, but probably did not recognize it at the species level because he mistakenly reported that the both varieties were characterized by the same type of thalloconidia, i.e. 2or rarely 3-cellular thalloconidia produced on the lower cortex (see Poelt 1977, pp. 404, 411). However, more recent investigations suggest, var. decussata is characterized by the presence of mainly unicellular, and only occasionally by 2-cellular thalloconidia (Hestmark 1990), whereas, the type material of var. rhizinata (M) has generally 3or 4-cellular thalloconidia (Fig. 1) and only occasionally produces 2or 1-cellular thalloconidia. Asexual propagules, including thalloconidia, are one of the most important diagnostic characters of Umbilicaria (e.g. Krzewicka & Wilk 2009; Krzewicka et al. 2009). Their presence or absence as well as the number of septa are used to distinguish the taxa at the species level (e.g. Krog & Swinscow 1986; Hestmark 1990). Furthermore, the presence or absence of rhizines is also a valuable diagnostic feature within this genus (e.g. Llano 1950; Poelt 1977; Krzewicka 2004). I therefore propose to recognize Umbilicaria decussata var. rhizinata at the species level.


We describe the use of a robust new 1-D like implosion platform at the National Ignition Facility [G. H. Miller et al., Opt. Eng. 43, 2841 (2004)] to study the effect of convergence on mix and shape. Previous experiments suggest that nuclear yields and ion temperature degrade with increased convergence [M. D. Cable et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2316 (1994)] due to enhanced perturbation growth and mix, but little has been reported on the distortion of the shape with time. The 2-shock platform was developed [S. F. Khan et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 042708 (2016)] to maintain a high degree of sphericity during the whole implosion phase and has a thick, uniformly doped (1% Si) plastic CH shell to minimize the effect of mixing due to hydrodynamic feed-through from the outer ablator surface. An inner layer of deuterated plastic (CD) and hydrogen-tritium (DT) gas fill allows for the measurement of DT neutrons produced by the mix between the gas and ablator. DD neutrons provide information about the hot, unmixed CD region. By changing the fill gas density while keeping the capsule diameter, ablator thickness, and Au hohlraum conditions fixed, the x-ray hot spot convergence ratio was varied from 14 to 22. We find that the atomic mix (DT yield) grows linearly as a function of convergence, but since Tion changes as well, it does not necessarily mean that the amount or extent of mix grows linearly as well. We also find the DD yield, which is a measurement of the shell heating, saturates above a certain convergence. We describe the use of a robust new 1-D like implosion platform at the National Ignition Facility [G. H. Miller et al., Opt. Eng. 43, 2841 (2004)] to study the effect of convergence on mix and shape. Previous experiments suggest that nuclear yields and ion temperature degrade with increased convergence [M. D. Cable et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2316 (1994)] due to enhanced perturbation growth and mix, but little has been reported on the distortion of the shape with time. The 2-shock platform was developed [S. F. Khan et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 042708 (2016)] to maintain a high degree of sphericity during the whole implosion phase and has a thick, uniformly doped (1% Si) plastic CH shell to minimize the effect of mixing due to hydrodynamic feed-through from the outer ablator surface. An inner layer of deuterated plastic (CD) and hydrogen-tritium (DT) gas fill allows for the measurement of DT neutrons produced by the mix between the gas and ablator. DD neutrons provide information about the hot, unmixed CD r...


This study aims to determine : (1) Differences in mathematical problem-solving abilities between students taught by STAD type cooperative model, TPS type cooperative model and TAI type cooperative model, (2) Level of student activity on STAD, TPS and TAI cooperative model with students mathematical problem solving ability, and (3) The process of completion of answers made by students in solving problems withthe model of cooperative type STAD, TPS and TAI. This research is semi experimental research. The population of this study is the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Labuhan Deli. And the sample of this research is class VII-1, VII-3 and VII-4. Data analysis was done by analysis of variance (ANAVA) One way. The results showed that (1) There is a difference of problem solving ability of math between students taught by model of cooperative type STAD, TPS and TAI. This is evident from the one-way ANAVA results from Fcount = 3.418 greater than Ftable = 3.08. (2) Student activity on TPS type cooperative model is more effective than student activity on cooperative model of STAD and TAI type, (3) The process of solving students' answers to mathematical problem-solving ability given the TPS type cooperative model is better than the cooperative model of TPS type is better than the cooperative model of STAD and TAI type.


Objective:Methods:To observe 213 cases of thick tongues in shape systematically by 30 kinds of thick tongues proposed in the Tongue Diagnostics and clinical observation.Results:After contrasting 213 patients with 200 cases of correlative disease,it has found that thick tongue is closely related to some syndromes and diseases,thus revealed that some diseases will cause blood stasis of superior vena cava,suffocating of the tongue lymph return-flow,increased power of the blood in the tongue tissue.Blood stasis in the tongue tissue,tissue edema and local exuded inflammatory pathological change in the tongue induced by the motion and sensory disturbance of the tongue muscle and nerve will lead to increased size and thickness of the tongue.Conclusion:The methods and data adopted in this paper provide significant reference in future study of tongue shape.


In optical biosensors bio-molecules are unlabeled or unmodified and are detected in their natural forms. Photonic crystal based biosensors measure change in the refractive index induced by molecular interactions, which are related to the sample concentration instead of total sample mass. In this paper we have demonstrated a 2-dimensional photonic crystal based optical sensor with line defect which can detect different concentrations of glucose in urine from 0-15 mg/dL to 10 gm/dL in the wavelength range of 1530-1565 nm and it is indicator of presence of high glucose level in blood which is responsible for causing Diabetes Mellitus. MEEP (MIT Electromagnetic Equation Propagation) and MPB (MIT Photonic Bands) simulation tools have been used for modeling and designing of photonic crystal. It has been observed from the band structure that for minute variations (0.001) in refractive index of urine which occurs due to change in the concentration of glucose present in it, there will be a moderate shift in the transmitted output power and resonance frequency in the range of 0.293716 - 0.294065 (in Meep units) and hence it acts as a sensor. This indicates that it is highly sensitive for the change in refractive index.


We have investigated 1008 objects in the area of five intermediate age open clusters (NGC 2099, NGC 3114, NGC 6204, NGC 6705 and NGC 6756) via the narrow band Δa-system. The detection limit for photometric peculiarity is very low (always less than 0.009 mag) due to the high number of individual frames used (193 in total). We have detected six peculiar objects in NGC 6705 and NGC 6756 from which one in the latter is almost certainly an unreddened late type foreground star. The remaining five stars are probably cluster members and bona fide chemically peculiar objects (two are λ Bootis type candidates). Furthermore, we have investigated NGC 3114, a cluster for which already photoelectric Aa-measurements exist. A comparison of the CCD and photoelectric values shows very good agreement. Again, the high capability of our CCD Aa-photometric system to sort out true peculiar objects together with additional measurements from broad or intermediate band photometry is demonstrated.


In this study, samples were extracted using a modified QuEChERS method (which stands for "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe") using ethyl acetate (EtOAc) instead of acetonitrile (MeCN) in the analysis of triazole fungicides in fruits and vegetables. The extract was further cleaned-up using primary secondary amine (PSA) and magnesium sulphate. The analyses were performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation in the positive ionisation mode. the limit of quantification (LOQs) was achieved at 0.01mg/kg for most of the compounds. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.05-2 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients of r2 > 0.995. Recovery study was done using tomato, cabbage, carrot and orange matrices spiked with nine triazoles (triadimenol, triadimefon, cyproconazole, myclobutanil, tebuconazole, fenbuconazole, hexaconazole, propiconazole and difenoconazole) at 3 fortification levels of 0.05, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. Overall recoveries of the nine triazole fungicides ranged from 90 to 105%, depending on the compound sample matrix and the analyte concentration. The suitability of the LC-MS to analyse triazole fungicide in fruits and vegetables was also assessed. This study showed that high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and atmospheric interfaces can be utilized for the analysis of triazole fungicides in fruits and vegetables.


Through use of an atomic force microscope (AFM), surface morphologies for SiNx and a-Si:H films were investigated. By controlling deposition conditions, very smooth films have been obtained. The thin film transistor (TFT) with smooth a-Si:H on smooth SiNx has both high mobility (1.0 cm2·V-1·s-1) and high stability at the same time. This high-performance TFT will make an important impact in application to high-pixel-density liquid crystal displays (LCDs), such as for use in workstations and high-definition television (HDTV).


The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of child & adolescent welfare services and specialists in community welfare centers. Raw data by interview obtained from 20 community welfare centers in Seoul, Inchon, Gyung-Gi, and Choong-nam . The major findings are as follows : 1. The most major service for children & adolescents in community welfare centers is counselling service. All centers of this study provide children and adolescents with counselling services; individual counselling, group counselling, and psychological testing. 2. There is almost no specialist(for example, counsellor, guidance leader, nurse, dietician, etc.) except social workers in community welfare centers. This means that there is almost no professional programs in community welfare centers, especially in counselling services. 3. Almost social workers perceive themselves as a multi-specialist who is competent to manage all kinds of programs in community welfare center. So they don`t want to work with other specialists except social workers . They believe that they just only need more social workers to provide with professional programs in community welfare center.


High elevation plant populations, such as those found in sub-alpine meadows, are at the forefront of climate change and likely to experience novel interactions with migrating plants from lower elevations, including non-native species. Some of these non-native plants, particularly members of the Brassicaceae, produce secondary metabolites that have been shown to inhibit root fungi in other ecosystems. We conducted a growth experiment with plant leachates in order to evaluate the degree to which the dominant high elevation grass species, Festuca thurberi would be affected by future novel interactions with the non-native mustard, Thlaspi arvense, relative to a native mustard (Noccaea fendleri). We assessed growth, chlorophyll content, biomass, mortality, and percent colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) in different genotypes of F. thurberi exposed to leachates from native and non-native mustards as well as F. thurberi leachate and a deionized (DI) water control. New growth and mortality varied more by genotype than by treatment with leachate of F. thurberi, T. arvense, and N. fendleri. Treatment, genotype, and the treatment × genotype interaction all had significant effects on chlorophyll content, with N. fendleri treatments demonstrating higher relative greenness levels than control treatments. Percent of fine roots with dark septate endophytes was significantly affected by individual genotype and treatment × genotype interaction, but there were no effects of treatment, genotype, or their interaction on percent root colonization by arbuscules or vesicles. Overall, we show that performance of a dominant high-altitude grass species varies in its response to the presence of an expanding, non-native plant, which may become increasingly common due to climate change.


[1] The fate of the Amazonian rainforest is critically important to the well being of the planet. When studying questions related to the health of the forest and especially to human-induced effects on this fragile ecosystem, we must take special care to insure proper reporting and analysis. The comments of Schroeder et al. [2009] contribute to a welcomed scientific dialogue on important topics affecting the Amazon. [2] Koren et al. [2007] (hereinafter referred to as K2007) analyzed seven biomass burning seasons of aerosol optical depth retrievals from the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensor and nine seasons of fire count observations from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite sensor. The data showed a positive trend in both the fire counts and aerosol up until 2006 when a sharp reduction in both variables occurred. Although we acknowledged the fact that interannual variability in meteorology is important, we attributed the sharp reduction in the final year partially to human activities. In particular we suggested that part of the sharp decrease in the amount of fires and smoke in the dry season of 2006 can be attributed to actions done by a tri-national committee and a policy shift implemented by small rural farmers in 2006. [3] Schroeder et al. [2009] (hereinafter referred to as S2009) address two issues in K2007. (1) They question the AVHRR fire count data and the resulting trend shown in K2007. We note that S2009 never question the validity of the data or the trends of the MODIS aerosol optical depth. Only the AVHRR fire count record is criticized. (2) They also question our interpretation that the reduction of the biomass burning in 2006 was in part due to deliberate changes in human activity. [4] We will first address the comments on the fire counts and AOD trends. One of the remarkable points of K2007 is the close agreement between the measured aerosol optical thickness (AOD) and the fire counts. We note that MODIS also produces a fire count product. We found, but did not show in K2007, that the MODIS and AVHRR fire counts were tightly correlated, although offset from one another. Both the AVHRR and MODIS fire counts for the years 2001 through 2005 were correlated with the MODIS AOD (R > 0.95). Having the choice of either satellite's fire count data, we decided to show only the AVHRR record due to its longer time series. S2009 point out an inconsistency between the AVHRR fire counts in years 1998–1999 and the post2000 record.We cannot rule out this inconsistency. However, even if we limit the analysis to the post-2000 MODIS era we see a clear and consistent increase in both smoke loading and fire counts, followed by a drastic decrease in 2006. The S2009 objections to the 1998 and 1999 data may be valid, but are immaterial to the main points or the conclusions of K2007. Figure 1 shows the time series in AOD for 2000– 2006 and fire counts from MODIS for 2001–2005. The 2000–2005 trends and the correlations between fire counts and AOD are clearly demonstrated. [5] The five years ofMODIS fire counts shown in Figure 1 were all that were available to us during the analysis for K2007, due to MODIS reprocessing at that time. Today we have benefit of additional data. Figure 2 shows scatter plots between the monthly mean AOD over the Amazon forest (Latitude 3N to 16S; Longitude 52W to 72W) versus normalized monthly fire counts from MODIS from 2000 to 2008. The high correlation between the mean AOD and the fire counts is clearly seen in Figure 2. We also note a shift in the relationship between these variables when comparing the dry season (J,J,A) with the transition season (S,O,N). A lesser number of fires per AOD is seen in the wetter months, which can be explained by a higher cloud fraction in the transition season and a larger number of fires obscured by clouds. It is interesting to see that difference in the relationship between smoke and fires in the wetter and dryer parts of the season becomes smaller for the higher AOD cases. This can be explained by the effect of absorbing aerosols on the cloud fraction [Koren et al., 2008]. There is an indisputable relationship between fires and smoke in the Amazon Basin dry season that showed a strong increasing trend in biomass burning activity from 2000 through 2005, then a drastic decrease in both fires and smoke in 2006. [6] We now address the second criticism of S2009. What causes this interannual variability and the trends in biomass burning in the Amazon? First we need to clarify an ambiguity from K2007 that created a concerned response in S2009. There was a severe drought during the 2005 dry season that affected the western Amazon, which is a tri-national region consisting of parts of Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. The policy GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 36, L03807, doi:10.1029/2008GL036063, 2009 Click Here for Full Article


Different companies and advertising organizations along the time have been employing nudity as an ultimate tool to advertise their products or services and therefore attain the attention of the target market. Even though the tradition of presenting contents which include naked models has been somewhat a well-rooted strategy for decades but a significant factor that has not yet been studied enough is the attitude that target customers shape towards the mentioned sorts of advertisements. Considering the fact that companies may be able to plan more efficiently for their prospective advertisements by studying the customers' attitude and reaction, this research has put its primary focus on describing the attitude of customers towards advertisements bound with the concept of nudity and investigating into the opinions of target customers. After execution of various interviews and data collection, the findings of the study designate that customers depending on multiple criteria would potentially demonstrate both positive and negative attitudes towards an advertisement containing naked models regardless of representing one culture and nationality.


The progress of investigations in recent years of the occurrence, analysis, structure/activity relationships, physiology, role in stress responses, and applications of brassinosteroids is reviewed. Their inclusion in the category of plant hormones is now widely accepted, and much more research into the effects of brassinosteroids can be expected in future.


The effects of post-growth annealing in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) on the temperature-dependent transport properties of single-crystal, full-Heusler CoFe/MgO/Co2MnSi magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been correlated with in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies of the MgO/Co2MnSi interface. CoFe and MgO layers were grown on single-crystal Co2MnSi at room temperature and annealed post growth. The structures were found to be epitaxial and single-crystal before and after annealing as assessed by in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). While annealing has little effect on RHEED patterns, post-growth annealing at temperatures as low as 200 °C has a dramatic effect on tunnel magnetoresistance and transport properties. XPS measurements conducted on MgO/Co2MnSi structures reveal the presence of interfacial Mn and Si oxides which form as a result of the e-beam deposition process used for MgO. Mn oxides are observed to be reduced upon UHV annealing ...


Cognitive radio is an intelligent radio that can be programmed and configured dynamically to fully use the frequency resources that are not used by licensed users. It defines the radio devices that are capable of learning and adapting to their transmission to the external radio environment, which means it has some kind of intelligence for monitoring the radio environment, learning the environment and make smart decisions. In this paper, we are reviewing some examples of the usage of machine learning techniques in cognitive radio networks for implementing the intelligent radio.


Many local municipalities now require a network analysis for all proposed additions to their water distribution systems. A graphically oriented, user-friendly program is being developed to aid the engineer in these analyses. The program is currently under development, and its initial use will be to model the water distribution system of Brunswick County, North Carolina. After model calibration and validation, it will be used to provide a masterplan for the system improvements to be implemented over the next twenty years to accommodate this coastal county's rapid development.


Nowadays, climate change's effects are an evidence no one can ignore. Due to the consequences of climate change, viticulture is affected, mainly in grape's quality and therefore the final attributes of wine. Because of the climatic variations, there is a mishap in the composition of the grapes in such a way that musts and wines have unintended qualitative characteristics, such as high sugar content (which will bring a higher degree of alcohol in the final product), lower acidity due to a decrease of malic acid, etc. From the point of view of the oenological microbiology, variations caused by global warming cause a modification in the ecology, biodiversity, and also in the metabolism of the microbiota of the vine, the grape and the wine. The aim of this work is to analyse the biodiversity of yeasts presents in V. vinifera L., ssp sylvestris grapes, and generate a collection of yeasts able to elaborate wine with those microorganisms, technically better adapted to adverse conditions produced as consequence of the climate change. 35 spontaneous alcoholic fermentations have been carried out in grape-juices obtained from 34 samples of grapes of the V. vinifera L., spp sylvestris mainly in the northern part of the Iberian peninsula. During fermentation, samples have been obtained in the beginning, half and end of it realizing a recount, isolation and molecular identification of present strains. Also, the probable alcoholic degree has been determined (%, v/v), acidity (g tartaric acid /L), malic acid (g/L), glucose and fructose concentration (g/L) in the initial grape-juice and on the wine obtained. Afterwards, microvinifications were performed through the different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisae isolated during the different stages of fermentation and their oenological potential has been determined by the study of fermentative kinetics. It has been possible to isolate a total of 2923 yeast strains belonging to 25 different species, and some species that were non-Saccharomyces. These yeasts, could significantly contributed to the improvement of the organoleptic quality of wine, by the oenological skills of many of these species, and also their ability to be used together with Saccharomyces cerevisae. 30 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been identified, some of them with fermentation capacity in presence of high concentrations of SO2 without producing volatile acidity. Hence, thanks to the highest number of identified yeasts and oenological tests, this work contributes to the generation of a yeast's collection that can be used in a future to produce quality wines, from the grapes with high concentrations of sugar as consequence of the climate change.


Present and analyze the tubal the experiment with a model of variable curvature of its the projection in the plan. The dependences of the of the aerodynamic coefficients of parameter changes convexity and her location.


This paper complements the existing scarce literature on financial cooperatives in various ways. First, we describe the background and evolution of European Cooperative Banking Groups (ECBGs). Second, we summarize the main reasons for the past disregard and recent revaluation of the cooperative banking model. Third, we empirically investigate to what extent the financial performance of ECBGs over recent business cycles is related to the original cooperative characteristics. To this end, we have constructed a new database with a broad range of financial variables for fifteen ECBGs in ten countries and collected similar indicators for entire banking systems of the countries in question. Our empirical findings suggest that many previous assertions and qualitative statements about ECBGs really hold in practice and not just in periods of financial distress. Furthermore, ECBGs do exhibit a different performance compared to all other banks throughout different stages in recent business cycles. Their corporate governance with members' influence and specific decision making mechanisms seems to lead to a relatively low risk appetite and high capitalization, a high degree of stability and a predominant focus on retail banking. It must be emphasized that these conclusions cannot be extrapolated into the future. Indeed, an abundance of historical examples of successes and failures among all types of banks exists.


From domain investigations reported in the literature, it is concluded that the scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique, while revealing the main domain structure in a satisfactory way, gives little information about supplementary domains in the case of commercially coated sheets. It is demonstrated that even more information is attained by means of a technique using a colloid which is destabilized by a special agent. Resulting particle patterns have a tendency to show treelike structures representing surface domains magnetized partly in transverse directions. On slight bending, the formation of trees on one side of the sample gives information about the orientation of individual grains, while disappearance of trees on the other side allows observations of the main domain structure with high contrast. A second technique discussed allows the detection of the main domain width by computerized field scanning. Results are given for modifications of domain widths due to changing demagnetization frequency and due to compressive stress applied normal to the sheet surface, respectively. For both techniques, the application of an external field is not needed.


I N the body politic, the medical profession and the police play important parts and fulfil important functions; the former by conserving the public health and tending the ills of the people, and the latter by securing the maintenance of law and order and protecting the lives and property of the lieges. It is impossible almost to go back to a point of time in the history of any nation laying any claim to be civilized without connoting a relation more or less intimate between the administration of law and order and the medical profession, especially in crimes of violence. It would circumscribe the object of this article too much if one were to designate by the term ' police' merely the important executive branch of the administration of the law, and it will be well, therefore, to interpret by the term' police' the' judicial and executive system in a national jurisprudence which is specially concerned to maintain public order, liberty, property and individual security , while keeping in mind that one of the principal duties of a police force is to prevent crime and to secure offenders against the law. The evil proclivities of mankind from time immemorial in one form especially have been manifested in deeds of violence on their fellows. Probably it was because of this, in earlier times, that the relationship between the medical profession and the law became first established, since the learned leech of the time was the only person competent to help the law regarding the nature of the injuries of victims of assault. Thus there originated an association between the medical profession and the law, an association which came to be known


Includes an article taken from the newspaper "The Weekend Chronicle" of Saturday 15 of November 1986 which is discussing the Literary and Cultural awards where the production presented by the SDMU "Auschwitz" received an award as well as other productions who received cultural awards.


Different from the transmission network with transposition, a distribution system usually can not be considered as a balanced network, let alone the given branch may be single or two-phase rather than three phases. This paper presents a direct power flow method for unbalanced three-phase distribution systems. A set of index matrices for multi-phase is introduced to indicate each bus and branch, simplifying the initialization of the unbalanced network treatment. Also, no extra modification is needed for meshed and radial networks. Results of tests and comparisons with 13-bus meshed and radial systems illustrate the performance of the proposed method.


The deformation of a compact complex Legranglan submanifold in a hyper-Kaehler manifoldand the moduli space are studied. It is proved that the moduli space Me] is a special Kaehler


ABSTRACT Outbreaks of oyster diseases caused by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)-listed protozoan pathogens have been a global concern for several decades. With the wide application of species-specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, it is now well known that even the Pacific oyster, insusceptible to Perkinsus marinus, Bonamia ostreae, Bonamia exitiosa could act as a carrier host. Furthermore, one of the transmission pathways of oyster pathogens includes anthropogenic activities, such as the discharge of ballast water or hull attachment during international maritime shipping. In this survey, OIE-listed pathogens, including B. ostreae, B. exitiosa, and Marteilia refringens were screened in the Pacific oysters growing in small bays off the south coast of Korea using PCR with OIE-recommended species- or genus-specific (Bonamia) primers. The survey sampled 1980 oysters from 35 sites in small bays in the south, where more than 95% of the national productions are yielded. The PCR screening indicated that none of the oysters screened in this study were positive for B. ostreae, B. exitiosa, P. marinus, and M. refringens. This study first investigated the OIE-listed protozoan pathogens in the Pacific oysters culturing in Korea, and the results indicated that the Pacific oysters raised on the south coast of Korea are free from those OIE-listed pathogens. For secure and sustainable oyster farming on the south coast, however, regular monitoring of such invasive oyster pathogens is recommended, as the international maritime trade activities are increasing in Korea.


In this article I review the psychotherapy outcomes literature as it pertains to the Dodo hypothesis. This is the proposition that the effects of psychotherapy are due to common factors rather than specific techniques. A variety of sources provide substantial empirical support for the Dodo hypothesis. I conclude that CBT and medication do not appear to be any better than other methodologies for the treatment of psychological distress. I look at some of the criticisms of the Dodo hypothesis. I suggest that the major themes that emerge from the literature as it stands are conclusions that would be immediately obvious to most clinicians. Further, the utility of specific techniques has not been ruled out, due to some serious conceptual flaws in efficacy trials. I suggest that there are a number of ways for family therapists to survive in an evidence-based world. One is to point out to champions of evidence-based practice just how flimsy their claims are. Another would be to advocate for pluralism and to practise and conduct research under the aegis of a contextual philosophy. (author abstract)


The term intrathoracic goiter indicates in a general way that the thyroid growth is located in the chest. Woelfler used to classify these goiters as substernal, subclavicular and endothoracic. Others speak of partial or total intrathoracic goiters. None of our goiters belong to the endothoracic or total intrathoracic group; they were all complicated by a goiter on the neck itself. In order to eliminate confusion with the ordinary struma profunda projecting into the sternal notch, I shall consider only those goiters that reach to the height of the second rib or lower. ANATOMY In order to gain a clear understanding of the symptoms of intrathoracic goiter we must consider for a moment its anatomic relations. The aperture in the thorax anteroposteriorly measured from the upper border of the sternum to the first dorsal vertebra is only 5 or 6 cm. in distance, and the lateral diameter taken through the middle


The purpose of this paper is to propose a quantitative approach for the effective and efficient assessment of risks related to information security. Though there are already several other approaches proposed to measure information security (IS) related risk, they are either inapplicable to real enterprises' IT landscapes or are of a qualitative nature, i.e. based on subjective decisions of the implementation team and thus could suffer from a significant degree of speculation. In contrast, our approach is based on objective statistical data, provides quantitative results and can be easily applied to any enterprise of any industry or any non-profit organization. An example of the application of the proposed approach to a real enterprise is also provided. The only prerequisite for the proposed methodology is a sufficient amount of incidents statistics collected under conditions described later in this paper. The reason for such research is that performing of IS related risk assessment is one of the procedures required to manage information security. And the process of IS management has recently become one of the highest concerns for most organizations and enterprises. It is caused not only by the growth of hackers' activity but also because of increasing legal requirements and compliance issues.


In view of the defects in the traditional evaluation models of natural suitability for human settlements,forexampe,the models mostly focus on the macro impact factors on human settlements,they can only deal with single variable,and cannot tolerate any measurement errors of both the dependent and independent variables,they also cannot take into account the structure and relations among factors at the same time,the index weight is seriously affected by the subjective factors,etc.The paper proposed to introduce the structural equation to the evaluation model of natural suitability for human settlements,quantitatively studied the weight of each influential factor in the evaluation model as well as the interaction among various factors,then combined the evaluation model with GIS to visualize the evaluation process and results,which provided references for relevant studies.


First Own Experiences With SingleIncision Laparoscopy in Everday Clinical Practice. Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) is of increasing use also in urology. Complex procedures are accomplished by this technique, but these studies examined the feasibility


Olives (Olea europaea L.) from cultivars Cobrancosa, Madural and Verdeal Transmontana were collected separately and divided into two different groups according to the presence or absence of infestation by the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae Gmel.). These two groups were then mixed in varying percentages to create five groups of olives per cultivar with infestation levels: 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100%. Each group was then processed to produce olive oil. The results, regarding mainly acidity, peroxide value, and stability to oxidation, suggest that olive fruit fly infestation reduces the quality of the olive oil. The effects of infestation varied according to cultivar, but in general the total tocopherol content was always lower at the 100% infestation level. The oil from cultivar Verdeal Transmontana had the lowest tocopherol content compared to oil from cultivars Cobrancosa and Madural, which could explain the lower quality of its oil.


Use * of at least one statin, atorvastatin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, enasociacion with * at least one compound of formula (I): wherein R represents, then corresponding compound of formula ( I) to arginine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said compound of formula (I) present in a form suitable for administration to a individuode a dose of 1 g / day to 30 g / day quantity, in particular 5 g / day to 30 g / day, for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis, inparticular primary or secondary atherosclerosis.


Wireless Mesh Network is one the most special application network because of its unique characteristics. Attacks are important challenging issue in networking. The Wormhole attack is the one of the most aggressive and unmerciful attack. In wormhole attack, a tunnel is established by two or more malicious nodes and one node captures the packets and tunnels them to another node. This attack is difficult to detect and no one can predict what the wormhole nodes does. In the proposed system, the network has to be considered as in a hierarchical clustered manner, where each communication is possible through cluster heads. A Weighted Clustering Algorithm (WCA) is adopted to select the Cluster Head (CH) and the rearrangement of the network as clusters by advertising of CH to its neighborhood. The system is then desired to discover the wormhole attack in communication through adopted digital signature for authentication and depurating the malicious nodes which create the wormhole tunnel by CH from its neighbor table list. The CH advertises this information to its neighbors. The proposed scheme also uses the forwarding path method for secure data transmission efficiently and also try to minimize the control overhead.


The aim of the present study was to assess the mental images associated with different categories of patient medical information, depending on literacy level. 52 participants divided into two groups (high vs. low literacy) were asked to draw the first picture that came to mind after reading or hearing information taken from leaflets supplied with medication. There were 16 items of information in total. The drawings were analysed using a symbolism grid. Results suggest that each group produced specific visual representations of the information items. Participants in the high-literacy group tended to draw symbolic forms to illustrate the medical information, while those in the low-literacy one mainly produced concrete forms. Each group had its own set of canonical forms. These findings underscore the need to use health pictograms in medical practice, providing they correspond to the social representations of individuals with low literacy, to ensure optimum treatment adherence and reduce the risk of misunderstandings.


Spatially selective cryogenic chemical vapor deposition of polycrystalline silicon has been achieved in the area irradiated with ArF excimer laser beam. Photodissociation reactions of adsorbed Si2H6 on a cooled substrate and subsequent excitation of the polymerized matrix results in polycrystalline silicon formation.


Abstract : The problem considered is that of finding the location of a facility in the plane so that the maximum rectilinear round trip distance between the facility and N pairs of existing facilities in the plane will be minimized. The round trip distance is the total distance travelled starting from the new facility via a pair of existing facilities and back to the new facility. A solution procedure is developed for finding all optimal locations to the problem. The derivation of the procedure is based on solving a linear program which is equivalent to the minimax location problem in question. (Author)


A switched-capacitor analog modulo integrator is presented. This analog modulo integrator makes it possible to design an open-loop sigma-delta modulator (OLSDM). The theory of OLSDM and analog modulo integration is explained and verified through simulation


In the paper,it is analyzed the interference sources in industrial sites and pointed out the importance of measures for barrage jamming in actual engineering applications.The anti-interference methods for hardware and software of PLC control system are designed,as well as the practices show that the safety and reliability of PLC control system could be improved effectively by adopting the above measures.


Contents: Preface Approaches and strategies Family, kin and the right way of living as a Christian Ascetics and the family of Christ: metaphors, family dynamics and continuity Chastity as immortality Choosing asceticism: demography and decision making in the domestic sphere Family economy and the profits of asceticism Progeny, reputation and memory Children, strategies and continuity Not all of me will die: conclusions Bibliography Index.


Chicago, Oct . 28 .—Pres iden t Calvin Coolidge will open the seventh a n n u a l meet ing of the Amer ican F a r m Bureau Federat ion at the Hote l She rman , Chicago, M o n d a y morn ing, Dec. 7. . President Coolidge will leave W a s h i n g t o n S u n d a y and will arr ive in Chicago early M o n d a y morn ing and will go immediately to the Hote l She rman . H e will address the convent ion at abou t 1 1 o'clock. After his address he will a t tend the F a r m Bureau luncheon and will leave for W a s h ington early M o n d a y af ternoon. O n Tuesday the President will deliver his a n n u a l message to Congress , which convenes on tha t day. This is probably the first t ime a President of the Uni ted States has ever made a special t r ip to address a farmer ' s organization exclusively. T h e 1923 mee t ing was honored by the presence of Georges Clemenceau, w a r t ime premier of France . W i t h the exact date of President Coolidge 's visit settled, the p rogram commit tee is busy wi th p repara t ions for his coming, and with a r ranging the remainder of a crowded three days ' p rogram. President May Be Heard Over Radio T h e F a r m Bureau is a r ranging mat te rs so tha t the whole nat ion may hear the President ' s address to the F a r m Bureau delegatesRadio s tat ions K Y W and W L S of Chicago will broadcast the address . Negotiat ions are under w a y with radio s ta t ions in other par t s of the count ry to broadcast the Presiden t ' s address, as well as other features of the p rogram. These s tat ions will be announced in later edit ions of the F a r m Bureau News. All sessions of the convent ion are to be held in the n e w ball-room of the Hote l She rman , which seats 2 ,600. Large lobbies and side rooms opening into the ball room will provide seats for nearly 2 ,000 more . T h e very latest type of enunciators will be installed so that t he voice of the speaker will be clearly and dist inctly audible to every person in the ballroom and adjoining side rooms. T o Members W h o Plan to Attend T h e Amer i can F a r m Bureau has a n n o u n c e d that F a r m Bureau member s will be t aken care of first w h e n t ickets a re given for the Pres ident ' s address M o n d a y morn ing . Every Fa rm Bureau m e m b e r is to have a seat w h e r e h e can both hear and see the President . In order that this m a y be done , all members p lanning to a t t end the convent ion mus t co-opera te fully wi th the F a r m Bureau officials by not i fying the Sta te Secretary at once tha t they in tend to a t tend so that full informat ion abou t tickets, registering at the Chicago convent ion hall, etc., m a y be sent them. T h e y mus t lend every effort to avoid needless confusion and difficulty in register ing a n d get t ing a seat the first morn ing of the convent ion . All available informat ion will be published in the News, bu t the Sta te F a r m Bureaus mus t k n o w in advance w h o is going. The^ State offices will advise the nat ional office. * Ja rd iue , Tuesday Night William M. J a r d i n e , Sec'y of the r . S. Dep't of Agr icul ture , will be on<' of the speakers a t the annua l banquet of the F a r m Bureau which will be held Tuesday night . It is expected t h a t this seventh American F a r m Bureau convention will develop a powerful aggressive p rogram for the coming year. The American F a r m Bureau is in a s t ronger position than it has ever been before. Dur ing the past year it has ent irely freed itself from indebtedness and has built up a sur plus. There has been a steady growth in membersh ip .


Icing phenomenon is an important problem in helicopter rotor design. Conducting experiments in a cold chamber is one of the main methods used to study the law of rotor icing. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the influence of different parameters on the ice shapes of rotor blade and to obtain the relationship between the ice shapes and the input parameters. The icing experimental platform of rotation blade in a cold chamber was set up, and the rotor icing experiments under various conditions were carried out. The ice shapes on the blade were obtained, and the influence of different icing temperatures, rotation speeds, liquid water content, icing times, number of blades on the rotor, and blade materials on the ice shapes were analyzed. The results showed that the ice thickness on the leading edge increased with the increase of liquid water content, rotation speed, and icing time, and the number and material of blades had little effect on icing. The conclusions of this paper can provide a reference for the rotor numerical simulation and future experimental research.


It relates separation membrane for a secondary battery comprising PET nonwoven and this for secondary battery separator, a polyethylene having a first fiber made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having a melting point above 240 ° C., a melting point of 180 to 220 ° C. and a second fiber comprising a terephthalate (PET), each of the fiber provides a secondary battery separator for a PET nonwoven fabric to be used as a mixture of two different from each other in diameter. PET nonwoven has a uniform scatter and fine pore size, excellent surface property, less surface deleted 陷, high mechanical strength, is excellent in mass productivity. Further, even when the battery temperature rises above 200 ° C., thermal runaway is prevented, having heat resistance melting and shrinkage does not occur. .FIELD 1


The behaviour of circular discs, with 25 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness, made of commercial high-purity dense monolithic Alumina (RAPAL 100) is evaluated under three different sequences of 100 heating-cooling cycles, all of them with a maximum temperature of 1200oC. None of the different sequences of 100 cycles (even the most severe one with 100 cycles applied in 77 minutes, with maximum temperature of 1200°C and minimum temperature of 400°C) has caused noticeable alterations in the studied properties (density; Young ́s modulus of elasticity; Coulomb ́s modulus of elasticity; flexural strength) measured before and after the heat


We explore a variationally based nonlocal damage model, based on a combination of a nonlocal variable and a local damage variable. The model is physically motivated by the concept of ''nonlocal'' effective stress. The energy functional which depends on the displacement and the damage fields is given for a one-dimensional bar problem. The higher-order boundary conditions at the boundary of the elastodamaged zone are rigorously derived. We show that the gradient damage models can be obtained as particular cases of such a formulation (as an asymptotic case). Some new analytical solutions will be presented for a simplified formulation where the stress–strain damage law is only expressed in a local way. These Continuum Damage Mechanics models are well suited for the tension behaviour of quasibrittle materials, such as rock or concrete materials. It is theoretically shown that the damage zone evolves with the load level. This dependence of the localization zone to the loading parameter is a basic feature, which is generally well accepted, from an experimental point of view. The computation of the nonlocal inelastic problem is based on a numerical solution obtained from a nonlinear boundary value problem. The numerical treatment of the nonlinear nonlocal damage problem is investigated, with some specific attention devoted to the damageable interface tracking. A bending cantilever beam is also studied from the new variationally based nonlocal damage model. Wood's paradox is solved with such a nonlocal damage formulation. Finally, an anisotropic nonlocal tensorial damage model with unilateral effect is also introduced from variational arguments, and numerically characterized in simple loading situations.


This paper presents an approach to configure dynamic virtual enterprises supported by smart tools that are implemented to facilitate and to speed up this process in a low cost and effective way. The configuration comprises the setup of the information to exchange among the VE partners during the VE life cycle, the integration of their legacy systems with the VE platform, the configuration of the VE topology, and the definition of information access rights for the VE partners. Details about the implementation of the supporting tools as well as some conclusions based on the results achieved are also given.


Background: Children are most vulnerable to lead poisoning compared to other age groups. The present study was conducted to measure the serum levels of lead in 6-7 year old children in Bushehr, Iran in 2012. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 453 children starting primary school were referred to a special laboratory to have their blood samples taken after completing a questionnaire. To measure lead levels, CBC was performed on 283 subjects presenting to the laboratoy, and serum samples were collected from 272 subjects. Results: Lead levels above 5 µg/dl were observed in 34.6% of the children, and lead levels above 10 µg/dl in 8.1%. No significant relationships were observed between lead levels and child's gender (P=0.73), mother's education level (P=0.43), father's education level (P=0.94), BMI (P=0.19), having anemia (P=0.62), having microcytosis (P= 1) and the household paint being oil-based (P=0.62). The two groups were not significantly different in terms of mean IQ (P=0.39), building's age (P=0.98) and residence duration (P=0.58). Father's education level was found to be significantly associated with the number of decayed teeth (P=0.005), which was significantly higher in children with lead levels above 10 µg/dl (P=0.037). Conclusion: A minimum of 12% of children tested have lead levels of at least 10 µg/dl in high-risk areas for lead poisoning. The city of Bushehr is therefore considered a low-risk area for lead poisoning in children; nevertheless, lead levels are recommended to be monitored in children in Bushehr.


Weeds is the most threat to agricultural production because they have quick spread and serious harm. At present, some major technologies, adopted to identify the farm weeds, include manual methods, computer vision technique, greenness recognition, assaying technique of near-infrared reflection spectroscopy. During the recent years, along with increasing development of optical instruments and near-infrared technique have been arriving at increasingly popular application of near-infrared technique. Therefore, greenness recognition and assaying technique of near-infrared reflection spectroscopy, based on near-infrared technique, will become major methods to auto-recognition of farm weeds in the future.


Nowadays,most military enterprises' configuration was established according to its own production requirements which led to scattered manufacturing resources.To solve this problem,an agile manufacturing management mode was proposed and corresponding specialized flexible production line and information integration platform were also constructed.By analyzing manufacturing supply chain in military industry,a military industry-oriented core supply chain model was put forward.A new flexible manufacturing line was designed and this line's key technologies were presented including module manufacturing of electronic products,flexible tooling of common parts,and the flow control of assembly and production resource control.Finally,a rapid response to manufacturing-oriented integration platform was developed on the research on key technologies in information integration.This integrated platform was applied preliminarily in military industry,and technical foundation was laid for realization of complex product's rapid response manufacturing.


This magnificent book—the first comprehensive history of St Paul's Cathedral in thirty years—opens with a series of historical overviews of the cathedral, of the people associated with it, and of its religious, social, and political significance, from its foundation to the present. Additional essays investigate various topics related to the successive cathedrals on the site, and many well-chosen illustrations underline these themes and present the splendid features of the cathedral as it is today.


In implementation of an open health system for the care of the mentally retardates certain principles must be adhered to. The implementation of these principles into the existing services will require initial sacrifices from the staff involved.


A study was carried put to analyse the consequences on clerical operator's activities of the inclusion of VDUs. A behavioural research approach was taken during the whole working period. The results show a very strong reorganization of visual focusing and of visual exploratory patterns as a result of internal modifications induced both by the task and by the duration of the worktime. On the other hand, while production indicators were quite consistent, variations of working strategies and of accessory activities such as postural readjustments, automanipulative gestures, verbal and non-verbal behaviour were observed during the workday. It can be assumed that, in response to the working strain, the human operator makes some adjustments to work patterns in order to prevent deterioration of performance. The variations of behavioural strategies affect not only the primary activities but also the secondary ones because the operator cannot control the production rate or the processes of execution in systems invo...


Most conventional instruments to measure oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin volume were solely based on analysis of relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxy-genated hemoglobin and their total. To test the validity of the data obtained with this instrument, we analyzed the relationship of oxygen saturation in blood flowing through small vessels in skin (StOz) to arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaOz), oxygen saturation in venous blood (SvOz) in the hypobaric chamber. The analyses revealed that St02 has a significant positive correlation with SUOz (r=0.846, PcO.001) and SvOz (r=0.983, P<O.OOl). These results suggest that St02 measured with this instrument reflects oxygen saturation in blood flowing through small vessels of skin.


Summary A ZTEM (Z-Tipper Axis Electromagnetic) helicopter AFMAG test survey was conducted in April, 2011, over the Gold Springs Project, in south eastern Nevada, for low sulphide epithermal gold exploration. Previous ground CSAMT surveys at Gold Springs revealed a positive correlation between the known epithermal gold systems and buried, subvertically-dipping resistivity high features that extend to depth. Synthetic forward modeling showed that ZTEM could also be successful, provided topographic effects were accounted for. The ZTEM test results performed over the known epithermal gold prospect in southeastern Nevada appear to correlate very well with the CSAMT results and the known geology, in particular the presence of all the known epithermal centers over resistivity highs. Similar anomalies have been identified in previously unexplored areas of thicker overburden cover. 2D inversions of the airborne ZTEM, using a newly developed Avert2d code that accounts for bird clearance and 2d topography, appear to agree very well with the inversions obtained from ground CSAMT. These results provide encouragement for the application of ZTEM for epithermal gold deposits elsewhere in the district.


mixed with 5 ml of scintillation was 0.12 for mitochondria and 0.07 for synaptoliquid for counting. Synaptosomes were treated somes. It is easy to show (H. Rottenberg, unsimilarly except that they were suspended in published manuscript) that if '4Cp/3Hp is the 0.32M sucrose and sedimented in a Beckman pellet ratio and "4Cs/3Hs is the supernatant catAirfuge ultracentrifuge. In the case of halothane ion, then Kp = ('4Cp3Hs)/("Cs3Hpf) 1/f. and ethanol, which are volatile, the pellet-to11. We thank S. Godfrey, R. Rudin, and K. King for supernatant ratio was extrapolated to the time of excellent technical help and T. Ohnishi for the pellet separation by measuring the ratio at severuse of her EPR spectrophotometer. Supported al time intervals after separation ofthe pellet. To by grant AA3442 from the National Institute of calculate the partition coefficient from the pelAlcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and grant GM let-to-supernatant ratio, we determined the frac28173 from the National Institute of General tions of pellet volume occupied by lipids and Medical Sciences. water. Under our centrifugation conditions, the fraction of pellet volume occupied by lipid, f, 29 March 1981


Abstract : This study addresses itself to the problem of removing brash ice from Frechette Point to Six-Mile Point of the Little Rapids Cut of the St. Marys River system. The area and river system are described and estimates are made for partially clearing a channel 250 ft wide. Rough costs, based on dollars per horsepower, indicate that it would cost between 1 and 2 million dollars per clear channel mile per year. (Author)


Owing to the increasing need to mitigate excessive organic solvent waste, the efficient separation and recovery of organic solvents have received major research attention in recent years. The membrane‐based organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) process has demonstrated its feasibility in addressing this problem with low energy costs, compared to conventional separation techniques, such as adsorption, liquid–liquid extraction, and solvent evaporation. Recently, membranes made of 2D graphene‐based materials have shown great promise because they attain high solvent flux and solute rejection using easy processing methods. Thus, this paper focuses on state‐of‐the‐art studies of graphene‐based membranes used in OSN processes, which include syntheses, characterizations, performance evaluations, membrane fouling, and simulation studies, in combination with the development of the "upper‐bound" line to indicate the performance of graphene‐based membranes. In this paper, critical challenges involved in the development of graphene‐based membranes are also focused on and discussed to map out the future directions of these membranes in industrial OSN processes. In addition to OSN, this paper pertains to a broader audience in other separation processes, particularly in the fields of gas separation and water treatment.


This paper presents our system for the "Making Sense of Microposts 2014 (#Microposts2014)" challenge. Our system is based on AIDA, an existing system that links entity mentions in natural language text to their corresponding canonical entities in a knowledge base (KB). AIDA collectively exploits the prominence of entities, contextual similarities, and coherence to effectively disambiguate entity mentions. The system was originally developed for clean and well-structured text (e. g. news articles). We adapt it for microposts, specifically tweets, with special focus on the named entity recognition and the entity candidate lookup.


In order to have a rich representation for human action, we propose to combine two complementary features so that a human posture can be characterized in more details. In particular, the distance signal feature and the width feature are combined in an effective way to enhance each other's discriminating capability. The resulting feature vector is quantized into mid-level features using k-means clustering. In the mid-level feature space, we apply the nonparametric embedding method to construct a compact yet discriminative subspace model. We have conducted a series of experiments on the Weizmann dataset to validate the proposed scheme. Compared with the existing approaches, our method can achieve high recognition accuracy while having a reduced computational complexity in classification stage.


A Painleve analysis of a family of Cahn–Hilliard equations (with diffusion coefficients of the form is performed. For m = 2, the equation fails the Painleve test. Of the other cases of physical interest, the case m = 1 has only the conditional Painleve property; while the cases m = 3, 4 are weak Painleve, suggesting that the equation is partially integrable for these cases. For the cases m = 1 and m = 2, an auto-Backlund transformation between two solutions is constructed, leading to classes of analytical solutions of the equations. Special analytical solutions for all are also constructed.


In this research, the focus was on the portrayal of an imaginary character which children in pre-adolescence period created in their paintings on the basis of a conceptual realism rather than an effort to establish a visual similarity. The paintings of the children were examined and the processes in which children go through while painting were observed. The obtained data were analyzed via content analysis technique. The sample of the research consisted of 37 children between 9-12 years old. In the first study, the children were requested to portray someone from their immediate surroundings. In the second study, the children were asked to portray the main character of a song called "Pala Remzi" which did not have any representative visual but included an imaginary character. The process and results of two studies were observed separately and then compared. As a result, it has been concluded that the main factor for children to find their paintings successful or unsuccessful was related to the similarity of the images used in the paintings to the reality. It was also observed that the imitation concern could be prevented when there has not been the probability of comparing between the images and reality.


The influence of microwave radiation (2.45 GHz, 1.5 W cm−2, up to 80 s) on defects was studied in single crystals of n-6 H-SiC, n-GaAs, and epi-GaAs. The capture cross section of the charge carrier was found to change, and defect complexes were reconstructed because of the growing number of interstitial atoms in the near-surface layer. The correlation between the changes in the defect subsystem and deformation of the near-surface layer was analyzed. The possible mechanisms of the revealed effects are also discussed.


Thymus involution, the age-dependent loss in organ structure and functionality, promotes increased immune dysfunction in humans, causing increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections, peripheral autoimmunity and reduced vaccine efficacy. Despite this, the mechanisms that regulate thymus involution remain incompletely understood. This has resulted in a lack of clinically approved therapies capable of reversing age-associated thymus involution. Here, we identify that thymic epithelial cell (TEC) specific ErbB2 activity determines thymus homeostasis and T cell maturation.
 In these studies, we use a conditionally regulated bitransgenic mouse model in which a dominant-active ErbB2 transgene is expressed in keratin14 positive TECs following doxycycline administration. We show that increased ErbB2 expression causes rapid onset of thymus atrophy that resembles age-associated involution. Specific changes include destruction of thymic cortico-medullary boundaries, abnormal TEC differentiation, reduced thymus size and cellularity, and abnormal T cell differentiation. Using foetal thymus organ cultures derived from wild type and bitransgenic animals, we confirm that these phenotypes are due to TEC autonomous ErbB2 expression. Finally, we establish that treating aged mice with the clinically approved Erbb2 inhibitor Lapatinib restores thymus function, improves Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine efficacy, and promotes infection resistance.
 Overall, these results demonstrate a previously unknown role for ErbB2 in adult thymus homeostasis and suggest the potential translational relevance of ErbB2 inhibition as a means to reduce or reverse age-associated thymus involution.


This paper analyzes the main aspects of suspension and procurement debarment in U.S. law (in the federal sphere) and its parallel institutions in Brazilian law, focusing on temporary suspension from participation in tenders and ineligibility to compete for administrative contracts; full debarment; and impediment from participating in tenders and competing for administrative contracts.


This paper provides a general review on folate and vitamin B12 nutrition and metabolism and the metabolic interrelationship between these vitamins. The effects of some common polymorphisms in folate and vitamin B12 genes and the influence of vitamin B6 and riboflavin status on folate and vitamin B12 metabolism are also discussed.


EDITOR: Low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starches (HES) are widely used in clinical practice as parenteral replacement ̄uids. Hypoalbuminemia occurs generally after HES infusion by haemodilution. The effect of haemodilution on coagulation is well studied, but no report describes these effects on drug protein binding [1,2]. Albumin is one of the major proteins responsible for hormone and drug binding in plasma. A reduction in binding from 95 to 90% represents a 100% increase in unbound fraction of drug, the moiety responsible for the pharmacological effect [3]. Many drugs used in the intensive care unit are highly bound, such as sedative agents, antibiotics or diuretics. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of haemodilution with HES on drug protein binding in critically ill patients, by measuring the free fraction of a highly bound drug to albumin, ex vivo supplemented in the serum. We studied 77 consecutive patients in an adult tertiary intensive care unit. Forty patients were hypoproteinemic (< 45 g L) after HES 6% infusion (HES group) and 37 were normoproteinic (> 60 g L) without HES infusion (`no HES' group). Patients with proteinemia > 80 g L, burn injury, pregnancy, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score > 40 and severe hepatic dysfunction (de®ned as a prothrombin time > 30 s and bilirubin > 100 mmol L), or who had received valproic acid were excluded. A venous blood sample was taken for each patient as part of routine sampling. Serum was separated by centrifugation and frozen at )20°C until assayed approximately two weeks later. Serum aliquots were supplemented with valproic acid. A concentration of 60 lg L of valproic acid was our target. The samples were vortexed and incubated at 37°C for 30 min, as we have previously shown that equilibrium is achieved within this time. Protein-free ultra®ltrate was prepared in a Centrifree Micropartition unit, MPS (Amicon, Denver, MA, USA) with a membrane ®lter with a molecular weight cut-off of 30 000 Da (Ultrafree-Cl ®lters, Millipore) at 5000 g for 20 min at 25°C. The free concentration of valproic acid was then measured by a ̄uorescence polarization immunoassay (TDx, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). The free fraction is the ratio of free concentration to total concentration. Oncotic pressure was measured by a membrane oncometer (Osmomat 050, Gonotec). The concentration of serum albumin was determined by immunoturbidimetry (Roche). The concentration of total plasma protein was measured by the Biuret determination. The two groups were comparable in age, sex and APACHE II score. Fifty-nine patients received at least one highly bound protein drug (> 85%). There were 46 medical and 31 surgical patients. HES quantity infused was 858 ‹ 442 mL and 12 patients, in the HES group, received human albumin with a mean quantity infused of 28 ‹ 11 g. The free fraction of valproic acid was signi®cantly higher in the hypoalbuminemia group (Table 1). Our investigations indicate that hypoalbuminemia after HES infusion in critically ill patients is associated with an increase of free fraction level of highly


During the assembly of major components into the D0 Detector, a transfer bridge was required to move the North-End Calorimeter from the clean room,over the cable bridge and onto the north sidewalk of the assembly hall. This experiment is now at the beginning stages of the next phase, namely the upgrade of this Detector for future physics research. A major piece of this upgrade is the installation of a solenoid magnet into the Central Calorimeter. In order to accomplish this, the South End Calorimeter has to be removed from the detector and the North End Calorimeter must be moved an additional 20-inch from its nominal open position (total 60-inch movement). The South End Calorimeter will be removed from the detector using the equipment designed for its installation. The calorimeter will be staged on the south sidewalk during the installation of the solenoid magnet and the central tracking systems. The North End Calorimeter is moved 60-inch to give more space between calorimeters during magnet, tracker and cable installation work. This movement will allow the calorimeter to remain coupled to the cryo system. However, this movement requires an extension be added to the center beam. This extension will support the rear wheelsmore » of the calorimeter and in the case of the end calorimeters, carry the majority of the weight. The extension is to be a modification of the transfer bridge. This modification, basically has T1 steel blocks added to one end and legs to the sidewalk supports at the other. The T1 steel blocks are notched to fit into the center beam porches and are welded to bridge rails. This design is the same as that for the installation bridge (3740.312-ME-273456), including the welds and weld procedures which are identical in both cases. Since load testing is impractical, the critical welds will be non-destructive tested by ultrasonic means. The laboratory, through the FESS Department, has a contract with M.Q.S. Inspection Inc. The results of this testing will be submitted to the panel for review before the bridge is put into use. It is noted here, that M.Q.S. did perform an ultrasonic test on the critical welds of the EC-CC installation bridge on Oct. 2, 1990. That test demonstrated the weld penetrations between the T1 and A-36 materials. Copies were given to the committee at that time. A copy of the original North End Cap Calorimeter Installation Note is attached for reference.« less


The particle size and shape effects of starting raw powders on the synthesis of aluminum nitride by combustion reaction technique were investigated with four sizes of AlN powder as diluent and two shapes of Al powder as reactant. It was found that the structure of beds of starting particles significantly affected the pore channels for nitrogen gas accessibility into a mixture compact and the passages for combustion wave propagation through particles, resulting in changes of AlN product morphology and purity. Through control of the starting particle size and shape, high-purity (over 98%) AlN products several tens of microns in size were synthesized.


The photodisintegration of Li/sup 6/ by bremsstrahlung radia tion of 17.3-Mev peak energy was investigated by use of coincidence techniques to detect neutron-proton coincidences and by measurement of the photo-proton energy spectra. The Li/sup 6/( gamma ,n)Li/sup 5/ reaction is found to be responsible for 0.58 plus or minus 0.13 of the photo-neutron yield measured by Bomanowski while the Li/sup 6/( gamma ,p)He/sup 5/ reaction contributes 0.31 plus or minus 0.04 of the yield. No angularly correlated neutronproton coincidences were detected which would support a deuteron-alpha-particle model for the Li/sup 6/( gamma ,np)He/sup 4/ reaction; however, the possible existence of this reaction is not eliminated. (auth)


In the past, advertisers and brands have adhered to audiovisual content, film and television, through production sponsorship, product or brand placement and bartering. It´s strategy basically accessible to prominent budgets. But changes in communication and the democratization of creation and distribution of content have opened this tactic to other advertisers whose advertising items try to join brand values to entertainment through branded webseries. We present an exploratory study about the creation, dissemination, promotion, reception and socialization of webseries, brand stories based on fiction and Internet. From methodological triangulation, is dealt the case study of Risi and the three seasons of the webserie ?Por que esperar? With depth interviews with the creative, their descriptive analysis, as well as quantitative analysis audience and their interactions. The comparative results describe the use of creativity, famous characters related to the target and the effect generated by this type of stories that generate engagement.


This paper proposes a feasibility study of traveling time estimation with mutual comparison of cellular-based vehicle probe (CVP), GPS-based Vehicle Probe and vehicle detection (VD) technologies. The travel time estimation algorithms have been designed for VD, CVP, GVP and some case in EVP (ETC-based Vehicle Probe). We have compared the system performance outputs at National Highway #1, Fast way #66, local governmental road #1 at Taoyuan to Jong-Li, and Sun-Moon Lake area on specific continuous holiday or working days. The outcome of this research is to target a CVP deployment with a percentage rate of 1%, a sample interval of 10 seconds and transmission interval of 30 seconds. Such a system will accurately determine the locations of both incidents and the tail end of traffic jams. It can be used to estimate travel times with mutual comparisons for VD, CVP, GVP, and EVP especially on continuous holidays. If we select the total # of NLU (number of location update) is less than 100 at local road section, then the CVP has good condition at traveling time estimation.


AgeLab 2006-02 Abstract: Baby boomers are increasingly sandwiched between multiple roles as they take on caregiving responsibilities for children, parents, and themselves. Boomers are looking for novel services that will help them manage the time, money, and emotional energy that caregiving and its related responsibilities require, while also helping them to preserve their own independence. Innovative products delivered by financial services, retail banking, and other trusted channels will result in strengthened bonds with current clients and new affinity with the graying boomer consumer.


This study focuses on Organizational Change as an example of Socio-Technical Design (STD). STD is an approach that aims to give equal weight to social and technical issues when new work systems are being designed [8]. It is widely acknowledged that implementing a sociotechnical design approach leads to systems that are more acceptable by stakeholders during organizational change. Despite this, STD is not often used or not correctly practiced in organizations. Baxter and Sommerville noted that even though many managers realize that socio-technical issues are important, socio-technical design methods are rarely used [1]. The study data was derived from the preliminary work done on the case study in a telecommunication company adopting an Action Research (AR) approach. It is based on the researcher and participants' experience together with reflection, a collaboration between the researcher and the employees'. Action research in an organizational setting draws the researcher and the employees involved into a joint process aimed at solving organizational problems and creating new ideas. According to Schurman et al action research is a co-learning process, employees' are involved in most aspects of the research and action, and the problems addressed are generated by the employees themselves and not theories by the researcher [2]. This study recommends that to realize the goals of organizational changes, the objective of socio-technical which has always been joint optimization of the social and technical systems should be observed. The technical system covering technology and the social system covering the individuals in the chosen boundary.


Al 6061 alloy is widely used for commercial applications in the transportation, construction and similar engineering industries. It possesses excellent mechanical properties in addition to good corrosion resistance due to which the alloy finds extensive application in naval vessels manufacturing. Al-TiB2 composite is a metal matrix composite (MMC) that can be manufactured using the in-situ salt-metal reaction. With TiB2 as the particulate addition the properties of Al 6061 alloy can be greatly improved. A comparison of the mechanical properties and the microstructure of Al 6061 alloy with Al–TiB2 metal matrix composite containing 12% by weight TiB2p manufactured through the in-situ process was presented.


In recent years, new applications as distributed fiber-optic sensing or precise time transfer have been widely studied and developed. Especially, with the growing interest for smart cities sensor networks have been developed intensively. Currently, individual optical fibers are mostly used for individual applications which is very inefficient and uneconomical, especially for longer distances. Moreover, construction of new routes for individual applications is often impossible. It is therefore necessary to use either dark fibers or sharing of a single fiber for multiple applications. Whereas the most of current and newly built access networks are based on optical fiber it is possible to find optical fiber almost everywhere - in city centers, along roads, etc. And since a usable bandwidth of a standard single mode optical fiber is sufficiently large it is appropriate to consider the possibility of coexistence. We performed simulations and experimental measurements to analyze requirements of individual applications and to confirm suitability of coexistence of sensor systems and 1.25 Gbps data transmission in a single optical fiber.


To investigate the relationship between teachers' practices and teacher models, this article takes as its main thread the work of Anísio Teixeira at the Teachers School of the Institute of Education, in Rio de Janeiro, between 1932 and 1935. In doing that, it resorts to oral and written sources and dares to outline a research methodology. The narrative is organized into four parts, and an introduction. The first part offers a general description of the place where Teixeira's professional work is developed. Only those aspects of the history of the creation of the Institute of Education deemed as necessary to the study are described. In the second part, we explore the broad features of that teacher practice, interweaving written and oral documentation. In the third part, we focus on the issue of the sources. As our final comments, we consider the importance of historical investigations on teachers' practice and models.
Keywords: history of education, teacher training; oral history; teachers' lives; teacher models


The transitional boundary layer on the NACA0012 airfoil is investigated at low Reynolds numbers. The streamwise mean and fluctuating velocity profiles and wall shear stress distribution are measured. Turbulent characteristics of the flow are different from the flat plate transitional flow. Double-peak distributions of the streamwise RMS fluctuating velocity in the near wall region during transition are observed, and the third peak is detected at the outer region of boundary layer at the initial stages of transition. Maximum values of RMS fluctuating velocity occur at . Velocity fluctuations during transition is not intermittent and the amplitude i9 much larger than that of downstream turbulent region. The frequency characteristics are similar to those of flat plate flow in high adverse pressure gradient, however more sensitive to the adverse pressure gradient.


On February 8, 2015 the Prime Minister has convened the first meeting of the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) where Chief Ministers of all states and Lt. Governors of the union territories are expected to deliberate on major economic issues. The Prime Minister has also met eminent economists at NITI Aayog on February 6 to discuss about the economy and sought suggestions for the forthcoming Union Budget. Therefore, it would be useful to understand the rationale, structure and objectives of recently constituted NITI Aayog.