Port silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Cumulic Haplustoll), a fertile alluvial soil common in central and western Oklahoma and cropped largely to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), was designated the state soil of Oklahoma in 1987. We found preparation of the museum-quality monoliths of this soil a worthwhile effort that provided a focus for fellowship, learning, fun, and hard work at the annual meeting of the Professional Soil Scientists Association of Oklahoma. Sampling was on the EI Reno USDA-ARS research station where a backhoe was used to dig a trench 6-feet deep, 15-feet long, and 3-feet wide. This made a pit large enough for four vertical sections to be selected and collected and also allowed room for several persons to work and maneuver in the pit. The soil was near field capacity when collected. The central concept of the soil was located on the vertical face and a detailed description made. The next step was to smooth vertical faces where sections were to be taken. An angle iron frame was then hammered into the face to outline the area to be collected, and the surrounding soil excavated. Excavation was with butcher knives and pick hammers to cut back sides to a depth of 8 to 10 inches. When the face and edges were smoothed, a wooden holding tray (2Y-1-inch deep x 11 ¥.I-inch wide x 48-inch long) made of Yz-inch exterior plywood was placed over the face of the soil section. Excavation was then begun from the top to separate about a 5-inch thick soil section from the pit wall. This was accomplished with the use of knives, sharpshooters, and flexible saws. Care and patience were required as we worked toward the bottom to keep the section from collapsing under its own weight. Once the section was separated, it was lifted from the pit and smoothed to level with the edge of the holding tray (2Y-1-inch thick). Next, the trays were transferred to a storage area to air dry for 60 days. To prepare the soil for display, the formica-covered back of the permanent display cases was placed over the soil in the holding tray, then the soil section was turned to face upward and the holding tray lifted off. The soil was then carefully trimmed to final dimensions (2-inch thick x 11 Yz-inch wide x 48-inch long). Our first attempt to work down the face was to use knives, but this loosened ped structure and caused unwanted cracking and disturbances. We found that a crosscut bow saw worked the best for trimming the soil to the right thickness. (Fig. 1). Once the soil was trimmed to the approximate final dimensions, the front and sides of the display tray were test fitted over the monolith to mark final trim areas so the fit was a snug as possible. After final trimming, the face of the monolith was prepared. We found that a smooth-finished surface (rather than a surface roughened to show structure) worked better because it allows a smoother, tighter fit into the encased display. This tight fit also keeps the soil from crumbling and moving as opposed to a roughened ped structure surface with voids.


Objective: to identify the prevalence and characteristics of family caregivers of people with mental disorders who, based on their care history, experienced disruptions related to work, study, leisure, and interpersonal relationships. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 537 family members of users of Psychosocial Care Centers in the 21st Health Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Results: among the disruptions studied, the most prevalent related to leisure (38.7%), home visits by friends or family (34.3%) and work (33.9%). For disruptions in studies and romantic relationships, prevalence corresponded to 9.9% and 8.6% respectively. Among the characteristics related to these disruptions, there were lower education levels, lower income, and a greater degree of dependence of the assisted user. Conclusion: through this study, it was possible to deepen the investigations about some repercussions in the lives of family members of people with mental disorders.


THE IMPLEMENTATION AND EMULATION OF CULT MOVIE MARKETING By Rebekah W. McKendry A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requires for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2016. Major Director: Dr. Noreen Barnes, Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Theatre Cult media is often an area of media studies that is difficult to define. Cult media branches through numerous time periods, genres, and fandom patterns. Cult trends are also constantly evolving over time, changing from word-of-mouth and point-of-sale advertising to social networks and Internet culture. But have the rudimentary basics of how media cults develop and spread their message changed along with the progressing marketing presentation? This dissertation explores the definition of media cults, their history, and marketing styles over time, ultimately exploring the tools utilized to market cult media and examine how these tools are now synthetically applied to many media products in hopes of garnering a passionate cult audience.


In recent work, it has been shown that segregation of gas mixtures within sonoluminescence bubbles is driven by strong thermal and pressure gradients inside the bubble [B. D. Storey and A. J. Szeri, ''Mixture segregation within sonoluminescence bubbles,'' in review]. Although these rather exotic types of diffusive transport are often neglected, they are of crucial importance in a number of applications. These effects conspire to increase the fraction of the lighter gas in a mixture of noble gases near the center, and to increase the fraction of the heavier gas near the bubble wall at the moment of extreme collapse. This results in a greater energy concentration at the bubble center. While the temperature and pressure peaks have a duration (FWHM) of only a few hundred picoseconds at most, it has been found that appreciable mixture segregation persists for several orders of magnitude longer. Armed with this new understanding of how gas mixtures behave, it is possible to investigate more deeply the question ...


Through collecting and comparatively analyzing the indexes of lactic acid in blood,running distance and rank list,this article thinks that although the two tests of YO-YO and 12 minutes jogging are interrelated each other,they not only do not correspond with the characteristics of football power supply,but also athletes'special physical fitness;they are fit for evaluating common aerobic endurance and lactic acid endurance.


Accepted: November 12, 2021; Published: July 2022 Copyright: ©2022 Machado et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial License (BY-NC-4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited.


In Hyman, Katamba and Walusimbi (1987), the tone group (TG) was sei up äs the postlexical domain in which a rule ofL tone deletion removes a L that is surrounded by H tones, creating a H level plateau, It was suggested that two words X + meeting the appropriate syntactic criteria satt cannot be joined into a single TG if begins with an augment (aka initial vowel (IV) or preprefx). In this paper we are concemed with whether prosodic domain formation can be conditioned by morphotogy in this way—whether by the W formative itself or by the presence of the morphosyntactic feature [+augment] which it realizes. After providing a fililer development of the morphological solution, we argue the merits of a more abstract, exclusively phonological anafysis. In the course of the paper we observe that on certain morphological categpries the augment is reatized not äs an IY with underfying H tone (äs expected), but ratner äs a H tone that superflciaUy "floats" but, äs we suggest, is linked to a featureless "ghost" mora or V slot (cfi de Blois' 1970 "latent augment" in other Bantu languages). Our phonological solution first lowers the augment H to L when notpreceded by a proclitic, and Claims that this L blocks the rule of L tone deletion. This account allows a [+augrnent] to join into a TG with the preceding X and thus does not require a morphological condition on prosodic domain formation. Finalfy, it also allows a more general Statement of the distribution of the feature [+augrnent] itself.


The specific features of spinodal decomposition in glasses are discussed on some grounds of the theory of decomposition kinetics. Despite the fact that the Cahn-Cook-Langer theory provides the foundation for spinodal decomposition as whole, it cannot describe features in the behavior of structure factor as a function of the wavenumber. The Stepheson theory accounting for both the diffusion-type and viscous-type flows can adequately explain the experimental data.


The focus of this work is the construction of a bandpass filter fully electronically tunable in bandwidth and center frequency by combining modified combline and split ring resonator structures loaded by varactor diodes. It is shown how separate tuning of the assembled varactors can be used to significantly alter filter bandwidths. A design with large tuning range from 800 to 1300 MHz in combination with moderate insertion loss is presented.


The dynamic evolvement of the magnetic field in the solar photosphere plays key role in the eruptions which occurred in solar corona.Current helicity,induction electric field and Poynting flux of the solar magnetic field have been considered as appropriate representations of the magnetic non-potenciality.The contribution of them to the transverse and relax of the non-potential energies have been analyzed.As an example,the magnetic field of active region NOAA10488 has been studied here.The distributions of current helicity,induction electric field and Poynting flux have been calculated,then their relationship with the flare have been discussed.It is found that the distribution of both the current helicity and the Poynting flux correlate closely to the flare,while the correlation of the induction electric field needs further investigation.


Abstract The models used for generating recommendations for phosphorus fertiliser use on New Zealand pastures were extended to incorporate the risk associated with environmental variabilty. A series of Monte Carolo experiments was conducted to compare the means and variances of gross margins from different fertiliser strategies. Stochastic dominance analysis was used to seek preferred strategies. The uncertain nature of the level of production if phosphatic fertiliser is withheld and the consequence of variability in the measured Olsen P soil test values were considered.


OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Valdecoxib is an effective treatment option to improve pain in adults with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. STUDY DESIGN: This review consists of three randomized control trials; two were published in 2002 and the third in 2006. DATA SOURCES: Sources were studies comparing groups taking Valdecoxib 10mg QD to placebo, which were found via Pubmed, MEDLINE, Ovid, and Cochrane databases. OUTCOMES MEASURED: The three articles measured various outcomes: pain improvement, stiffness, physical improvement, adverse effects, and onset of analgesia during acute pain flare. Outcomes were measured via the Patient's Assessment of Arthritis PainVisual Analog Scale (PAAP-VAS), WOMAC osteoarthritis, Patient's (PaGAA) and Physician's (PhGAA) Global Assessment of Arthritis. RESULTS: Kivitz et al found that Valdecoxib 10mg & 20mg daily doses were similar in efficacy and both were superior to placebo. Valdecoxib 5mg was not found to be superior to placebo. Makarowski et al also found that Valdecoxib 5mg and 10mg QD were superior to placebo. They also found that Valdecoxib 10mg QD was superior in efficacy to Valdecoxib 5mg QD. Moskowitz et al found that patients had both a significant improvement in pain at 3 hours with Valdecoxib as compared to placebo, and a statistically significant increase in percentage of patients with analgesia after 4hrs compared to placebo. CONCLUSION: These three randomized control trials all concluded that Valdecoxib is superior to placebo in doses of at least 10mg as compared to placebo. Further studies should review safety of Valdecoxib in a risk/benefit analysis to provide useful conclusions about the continued use of it for treatment of osteoarthritis.


In this study, the effect of different reaction time on the synthesis and properties of isocyanate terminated polyurethane prepolymer was studied. The isocyanate terminated polyurethane prepolymer was synthesized by reacting stoichiometric excess of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) with poly (propylene oxide) glycol (PPG) at 60C. The formation of the prepolymer was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The result reveals that the viscosity and weight average molecular weight of the prepolymer increases with increase in reaction time. Above 3hr reaction time, a sharp increase in viscosity and polydispersity index was observed indicating the possibility of the formation of side products. One hour reaction time was found to be insufficient for the completion of the reaction as it generates very low molecular weight. The curing time of the prepolymer was found to decrease with increasing reaction time due to lowering of isocyanate content. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the prepolymer shift toward higher temperature range with increase in reaction time. On increasing the reaction time, the tensile strength of the polyurethane film increases upto 4hr, thereafter it starts decreasing. The percent elongation of the film also shows similar increasing pattern upto 4hr, thereafter it leveled off.


Unclassifiable, with Features Intermediate between Diffuse A mediastinal lymphoma with molecular, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical features of both mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and classic Hodgkin lymphoma. The identification of this group of lymphomas, along with recent gene expression profiling results (PDL2 gene expression in both mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma tissues and Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines), further supports the hypothesis that mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphomas and classic Hodgkin lymphomas are related entities.


PREVIEWHand dermatitis strikes nearly everyone at least occasionally, especially with allergic reactions to natural rubber latex becoming increasingly common. Given the difficulties of diagnosis and treatment, protection and prevention are vital. If irritants are not avoided, hand dermatitis may persist for years—even decades—and necessitate a change in the patient's employment, recreational activities, or both.


Provided is an explosion-proof photolysis oxidation purifier. The purifier is composed of a photolysis oxidation treatment device, a spray tower, a water pump, an explosion-proof control cabinet, a non-return valve, a high-altitude discharge pipe, a first explosion-proof blower fan, a second explosion-proof blower fan, a third explosion-proof blower fan, a fourth explosion-proof blower fan, a pipeline and cables. To-be-treated gas that is collected is sent by the first explosion-proof blower fan to the upper portion of the spray tower via the pipeline. The water inlet and the water outlet of the water pump are respectively connected with the lower portion of the spray tower via the pipeline. The central portion of the spray tower is communicated with the treatment device via the pipeline and the non-return valve. The air inlet of the third explosion-proof blower fan is communicated with the atmosphere and the air outlet of the third explosion-proof blower fan is communicated with the treatment device via the pipeline. The air inlet of the fourth explosion-proof blower fan is connected with the treatment device and the air outlet of the fourth explosion-proof blower fan is connected with the high-altitude discharge pipe via the pipeline. The air inlet of the second explosion-proof blower fan is communicated with the atmosphere and the air outlet of the second explosion-proof blower fan is communicated with the explosion-proof control cabinet. The explosion-proof control cabinet is connected with pipeline discharge gas, and is respectively connected with the water pump, the treatment device and the four explosion-proof blower fans via the cables.


Deubiquitination, the reversal of ubiquitination, is the action of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Its mechanism is essential in various biological processes and diseases. Mutations in genes expressing DUBs have been implicated in a number of diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and osteoporosis. Our recent study showed that ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase L3 (Uch‐L3), a DUB, regulates Smad1 ubiquitination and bone morphogenetic protein 2‐induced osteoblast differentiation. In this study, for the first time, we observed the specific function of Uch‐L3 in bone metabolism in vivo. Uch‐L3 knock‐out mice have the osteoporotic phenotype, such as less bone mass than that of control group. The decreased activity of osteoblast was also observed in Uch‐L3 knock‐out mice by the analysis of calcein double labeling. In primary osteoblast cells, the deficiency of Uch‐L3 gave the delayed mineralization. An amazing observation, furthermore, was the increased expression of Uch‐L3 during the osteoblastogenesis. Therefore, these results suggest Uch‐L3 might be an important modulator of osteoblast formation in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. [This research was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2010‐0011231).]


The involvement of NOR-bearing chromosome in the formation of two stable and transmissible Robertsonian markers is reported in ascitic form of mouse Sarcoma 180 (S180) adapted in vivo to outbred strain of Swiss albino mice. The chromosomes involved in Robertsonian fusion included t(8;12) and t(16;17).


Endometriosis has been defined as the presence of endometrial tissue (gland and stroma) outside the inner lining of the endometrium. The lesion has been associated with debilitating and bizarre clinical features and in the absence of histopathologic assessment may result in severe consequences to the patient. Specifically, albeit rare, there is the possibility of malignant transformation. Therefore, this presentation on endometriosis as an unusual occurrence is of ardent import to health personnel, especially as regard to the requirements for in-depth intra/interdisciplinary consultation in general and the role of the pathologist, specifically in management of cases.Materials and methods. This was the case of a 30-year-old self-employed nulliparous female who was referred from a secondary health facility due to abdominal swelling of eight-month duration. The swelling was progressive and associated with an unproductive cough, chest pain, weight loss and dysmenorrhoea. The patient was subjected to clinical examination, haematologic review, radiologic assessment and histopathologic investigations.Results. The examination revealed dull percussion notes, reduced air entry into both right and left thoracic lung fields with bilateral crepitations in both lung fields. The abdomen was distended with massive ascitic fluid. The patient was stabilized and, consequently, an exploratory laparotomy demonstrated endometrial glands in the follicular phase with the associated stroma in the right ovaries. In sections of the omentum, there were endometrial glands and stroma, some of them were cystically dilated, filled with fluid and cellular debris in their lumen. Contribution to knowledge. This study has established the existence of endometriosis in a woman in her reproductive years further substantiating the multiple distribution presentation, debilitating nature and the role of histopathologic input in management of this lesion.


Rating of research journals enables academic institutions to evaluate research quality of scholars in a more transparent manner. An indicative Journal Quality Ranking List has been compiled in this piece of work to assist researchers to understand the academic standards of various business journals. It is a collation of journal rankings in a master scale from a variety of sources. This list may also be helpful Business schools to encourage faculty publications & conduct academic performance evaluation.


ABSTRACT Antiretroviral-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive individuals can remain clinically stable for a long period of time with an increasing CD4 cell count irrespective of incomplete viral suppression. We evaluated the role of neutralizing antibody (NtAb) activity in the etiopathogenesis of this viro-immunological disconnection (defined as an increasing CD4+-cell count despite a persistent, detectable viral load during antiretroviral therapy) in 33 patients failing therapy with two analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. An HIV NtAb titer of ≥1:25 was detected in specimens from 16 out of 33 (48%) patients. A significant correlation was found between NtAb titers and CD4+-cell counts (P = 0.001;r = 0.546) but not with HIV RNA levels in plasma. Five patients with a viro-immunological disconnection had an NtAb titer of >1:125, statistically higher than the NtAb titers for the remaining 28 patients with both virologic and immunologic failure (P < 0.0001). The HIV-specific humoral immune response could play a role during antiretroviral treatment to improve immunological function despite an incomplete suppression of viral load.


This project aimed to develop the development of sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship through educational actions aimed at rural companies, using the Empreenda Agro Sustentável University Extension Program as a promotion tool. In order to contemplate the proposed objective, workshops roundtables were adopted as a method, aiming at the dissemination of agile management values and techniques and the promotion of entrepreneurship, to stimulate business in rural production. Through the Empreenda Agro Sustentável Program, based on the form of active methodologies, teams of students discussed and sophisticated ideas in start-up model designs, resulting in scalable and negotiable businesses in rural areas. Through the Empreenda Agro Sustentável Program, based on the study of active methodologies, 15 teams discussed and matured ideas in start-up designs. The participants who were involved in each of the stages (workshops) boosted their entrepreneurial visions by contacting methodologies that are not yet included in the regular academic content of undergraduate courses in agrarian sciences. This research presents an important discussion about active education methodologies as a university development program and the interdisciplinarity between the areas of agrarian sciences and the development of entrepreneurial science.


Flickers have been critical issues on liquid crystal displays (LCDs) which use a backlight unit (BLU) under a panel. The luminance modulation of the backlight and the transmittance of the panel are independently investigated in frequency domain to look for an analytic solution to remove flickers on the LCD panel. The transmittance of the panel depends on how to drive the LC molecules and how the LC molecules respond. We shows there are three frequency components caused by only the panel driving. It is shown that the flicker can be generated by the inter-modulation effect between two different frequency groups from the BLU and the panel. To remove flickers on LCD TV panels, the frequency of the PWM backlight signal should be carefully chosen so that the inter-modulation frequencies may be higher than 60 Hz. It is shown that it is impossible to perceive flickers on an LCDTV operating at 120 Hz refresh rate if the frequency of the PWM signal is 120 Hz or 180 Hz.


Device simulation is an important method of embedded device security analysis, due to the extensive and heterogeneous nature of the current peripherals, the existing simulation technology for peripheral simulation is mostly fuzzy, to find the input and output that meet the firmware requirements as the main goal. In order to construct a template based on IO interface identification to extend the peripheral simulation scheme, this paper identifies the IO interface without firmware source code based on the characteristics of the IO configuration process in MCU firmware. Through experimental comparison, this method has a certain effect in MCU firmware interface recognition.


This paper presents an attempt at a legal approach to addressing wrongful privatisations, avoiding reverse privatisation or even re-publitisation as answers to (unavoidable) negative discrepancies between public values and related public services. In no. 58 of the paper a short overview of the steps from the leading question to the concluding remarks is presented. This paper is still in the draft stages as especially footnotes and cases have not yet been fully elaborated, let alone finalised. This should not handicap the NIG debate of the 8 of November 2007. If, however, these shortcomings somehow do disturb reading, the author wishes to apologise sincerely for the inconvenience.


In order to protect children's life and health, Chinese government and all sectors of society attached great importance to children's health and health care, and they have done a lot of careful work with evident effectiveness.


Fixed-radius nearest neighbor search is a common database operation that retrieves all data points within a user-specified distance to a query point. There are efficient approximate nearest neighbor search algorithms that provide fast query responses but they often have a very compute-intensive indexing phase and require parameter tuning. Therefore, exact brute force and tree-based search methods are still widely used. Here we propose a new fixed-radius nearest neighbor search method that significantly improves over brute force and tree-based methods in terms of index and query time, reliably returns exact results, and requires no parameter tuning. The method exploits a sorting of the data points by their first principal component, thereby facilitating a reduction in query search space. Further speedup is gained from an efficient implementation using high-level Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS). We provide theoretical analysis of our method and demonstrate its practical performance when used stand-alone and when applied within the DBSCAN clustering algorithm.


This paper presents a compact microstrip low‐pass filter with ultra‐wide stopband and sharp cutoff frequency response. The conventional shunt open‐stub filter with a slot on the ground plane has a wide stopband at high frequency, and the coupled open‐stub microstrip filter has a sharp cutoff response at low frequency. The combination of these structures gives the filter the characteristics of an ultra‐wide stopband and a prominent cutoff sharpness. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 303–306, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20452


For future capacity planning SIDN would like to have an insight on the required resources for hosting the .nl zone. We performed a series of simulations to test memory, CPU and bandwidth consumption on a limited set of parameters. The tests are repeated for an increasing percentage of delegations with a DS record in the zone (0%, 10%, and 20%). These parameters are tested with 1, 10, and 25 times the current query load on the .nl server. SIDN provided three zonefiles, a packet trace, and a server. The experiments ran on NLnet Labs's test environment. A description of this setup is given in Section 1.4. Sections 2 to 5 describe the experiment and end with a conclusion in Section 6. Revision 2: In addition, Section 7 describes differences between Linux' and FreeBSD's network performance for DNS.


We present Harmony Square, a short, free-to-play online game in which players learn how political misinformation is produced and spread. We find that the game confers psychological resistance against manipulation techniques commonly used in political misinformation: players from around the world find social media content making use of these techniques significantly less reliable after playing, are more confident in their ability to spot such content, and less likely to report sharing it with others in their network.


The 13th Annual Meeting of the Pancreatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland was held at the Royal Society of Medicine in London on 16 December 1988. The president for that meeting was Professor Tim Northfield and the Lilly Guest Lecturer was Professor Martin Carey of Harvard University Medical College, Boston. The Travelling Fellowship was awarded to Mr C P Armstrong (Bristol) and the Rodney Smith prize for the best paper went to Mr A M Gudgeon (London) for the new work on trypsinogen activation peptide measurement in guaging severity of acute pancreatitis. Selected abstracts are published below.


In the current paper, we obtain the boundedness of a rough p-adic fractional integral operator on p-adic central Morrey spaces. Moreover, we establish the λ-central bounded mean oscillations estimate for commutators of a rough p-adic fractional integral operator on p-adic central Morrey spaces.


This study contributes to the growing body of research on drivers of participation in the sharing economy. We extend the well-established technology acceptance model and include layers of personality architecture related to the social nature of these markets (extraversion) and their technology intermediation (technology proclivity). Findings from a cross-sectional survey (n = 292) show that extraversion is related directly to the intention to use sharing economy applications, such as in home gig services, and related indirectly to likelihood to use these technologies and to engage as a provider of such services, through technology proclivity and the technology's perceived usefulness.


The professional association is a kind of nonprofit social organization,whose nature is the social power of the common management function. The power of professional associations is various and has the great influence on its members , therefore we must regulate its power to protect the legal rights and interests of its members.


Financial agglomeration plays an important role in promoting economic growth. This paper constructs the evaluation system of financial agglomeration by using comprehensive indicators, evaluates the level of financial agglomeration in 30 provinces and cities of China by using factor analysis method, and expounds the relationship among them. This paper evaluates the degree of financial agglomeration in China's provinces and cities by factor analysis method. The results show that there are some financial agglomeration conditions in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Rim region. Beijing, Guangdong and Shanghai are the regions with the highest degree of financial agglomeration and are the financial centers of a region. The development level of China's financial agglomeration is not balanced, the overall trend is decreasing from east to west, and there are differences among several financial agglomeration areas.


Since ancient times, one of the principal needs of people has been to communicate. This need created interest in devising communication systems for sending messages from one place to another. The advent of high performance computer processors brought many advantages for digital communications over that of analog. These benefits include more features, easy storage and faster processing. These caused huge amount of information, which is increasing exponentially every year, to be carried over communication networks. Various types of communication system appeared over the years. Among the basic motivations behind each type are to improve the transmission fidelity, increase the data rate, and increase the transmission distance between stations. All these facilities are achievable utilizing optical fiber communications. Optical fiber offers several advantages over the traditional media (e.g., twisted wire pair and coaxial cable). Its decisive advantages are huge bandwidth and very low attenuation and noise (Arumugam, 2001). The first, results in higher bit rate, and the second, results in longer transmission distance. These potentials can be further pushed by utilizing multiplexing techniques and/or advanced modulation formats. The invention of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) (G. E. Keiser, 1999) contributes great benefit to the optical fiber communication systems especially after the introduction of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). Using WDM, about forty channels can be accommodated in the C-band at 100 GHz (0.8 nm) channel spacing. Based on this condition, up to 1.6 Tb/s transmission capacity has been reported (Zhu et al., 2001). More channels can be transmitted using ultra-dense WDM technique by considering channel spacing of as close as 12.5 GHz (Ciaramella, 2002; Sang-Yuep, Sang-Hoon, Sang-Soo, & Jae-Seung, 2004). Using such channel spacing, up to 2.5 Tb/s transmission is reported (Gyo-Sun et al., 2007) by multiplexing 256 12.5 Gb/s channels, and transmitted over 2000 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF). Larger transmission capacity can be achieved by utilizing the Sand L-bands (Freund et al., 2005; Seo, Chung, & Ahn, 2005). Using triple bands (S + C + L), 10.92 Tb/s transmission is experimentally reported (Fukuchi et al., 2001) by using 273 WDM channels and 50 GHz spacing. 2


John Singleton Copley's 19th century canvas Watson and the Shark is an extraordinary image. The young Watson, grasping for a handhold as his rescuers desperately try to out race the shark, brings rueful meaning to "the quick and the dead." Or, consider the horror, terror and injustice that take shape in the black, gray and white distorted bodies of Picasso's Guernica, an awful reminder of war's ravages. Nigel Llewellyn (The Art of Death, Reaktion Books, 1991) and Philippe Aries have examined numerous representations in iconography, sculpture, easel art and architecture that depict mortality or moribundity and prove that finding death represented in art is not difficult. Certainly it proliferates in each of the arts.


Collaborative and Indigenous archaeologies call on researchers to recenter theory and practice on descendant peoples' lives and ways of knowing. Extending this project, this article takes story and dance as a site of theory, foregrounding Indigenous modes of embodiment in which bodily and sensory perspectives are cultivated through participation in more-than-human beings. Drawing on research with members of a small, Muskogee-identified community in the US South, it frames the large-scale earthworks at the Poverty Point site in Louisiana as representing a horned owl. This evokes stories about a people who lived in an owl-shaped village and who could move in particularly owlish ways. Critiquing ontological frameworks in which the sensory is universal and mind is removed from body and land, I argue that ancient peoples may have cultivated perspectival embodiments through the everyday activity of living together in the collective form of an owl. Moreover, as contemporary descendants return to Poverty Point, the land animates shared, multispecies sensory fields that enroll descendants into a longue durée of owlish encounters and entanglements, or what my hosts simply call "Owl's teachings." Here, I call for an archaeology reimagined in the context of Native American and Indigenous studies, asking how mounds might animate resurgent possibilities rooted in (and routed through) deep Indigenous histories of return.


In order to obtain bioenergy (biogas, biofuel) or pellets, different types of lignocellulosic biomass are subjected to a mechanical pretreatment, first by size reduction, then by separating, and ultimately by fracturing or bio-refining. Biomass processing mainly refers to a grinding process that occurs until reaching certain limits. The size reduction process, such as grinding, is an operation that is executed with different levels of energy consumption, considering biomass mechanical characteristics and the necessary grinding level. This paper, illustrates a comparative analysis of experimental results obtained by grinding multiple types of vegetal biomass (Miscanthus, corn stalks, alfalfa, willow) used in the process of bio-refining and bio-fracturing. Experiments were realized using both a laboratory knife mill Grindomix GM200 (Retsch GmbH, Haan, Germany), and a 22 kW articulated hammer mill, using different grinding system speeds and different hammer mill sieves. Results have shown that biomass mechanical pre-processing grinding leads to supplementary costs in the overall process through bio-refining or bio-fracturing in order to obtain bio-products or bio-energy. So, specific energy consumption for grinding using a hammer mill can reach 50–65 kJ/kg for harvested Miscanthus biomass, and 35–50 kJ/kg for dried energetic willow, using a 10 mm orifice sieve, values which increase processing costs.


DR STANLEY WILLIAMS: As experience comes my way, I get less dogmatic but a little more definite in my views about asthma, and it Is largely a matter of having working rules. I regard asthma in childhood as the condition where a child is getting recurrent intermittent respiratory obstruction, and there is wheezing. All asthmatics wheeze, but all wheezing is not asthma. In bronchial asthma in childhood there is the very definite family background of allergy. I believe that the many recurrent infections In childhood are the main trigger mechanism that causes most of the attacks that I see. The respiratory viruses that can cause the various respiratory infections in children include the paraflu, the R.S.V. and the rhinovlruses (at least 50, perhaps 80). The average child encompasses something like at least 80, and perhaps 100 to 120, respiratory infections in the course of childhood, and the allergic one wheezes. That, I think, is the most common cause of the asthma that I see. In this allergic background, the pollens of grasses play a part. You will have seen in the British Medical Journal about the mites. These. occur in Australia in our house dust, and this is a new observation. Other allergy plays a part occasionally milk in infancy with the allergic child. I do not do skin tests under 10, and never desensitize a child under 10.


Based on the investigation of the civilian financing in Changzhou,this paper presents a sound analysis of the scale,character and motivation of civilian financing as well as problems.It aims to guide civilian financing to operate in accordance with laws.


The basic elements of any measurement system may be classified into three functional groups known as primary detectors, intermediate means, and end devices. By classifying the primary detectors for both electrical and non-electrical quantities, convenient selection of a suitable detector may be made when the quantity to be measured together with the range over which it will vary is known.


Background: The career development of nursing preceptors is key to improving the quality of clinical education. However, there is a lack of sufficient and specific information about the career development of nursing preceptors in Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the nursing preceptors' career development status. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of 92 nursing preceptors. Participants were selected by census sampling method from 5 hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. Demographic and 6-dimension career development questionnaires were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and the significance level for all statistical tests was determined to be less than 0.05. Results: Participants received the highest career development on ethical, cultural, and individual dimensions with mean scores of 3.55 ± 0.471, 3.41 ± 0.525, and 3.38 ± 0.540, respectively. However, they obtained the lowest career development on the organizational, research, and educational dimensions with mean scores of 2.68 ± 0.580, 2.28 ± 0.672, and 2.20 ± 0.690, respectively. Moreover, a comparison of career development based on demographic information showed that female preceptors, preceptors with more than 20 years of work experience, preceptors with master's degrees, and contract employees had the highest mean scores for career development. Conclusions: Given the preceptors' cooperation with nursing faculty as clinical nursing educators and their role in nursing education, officials of nursing faculties should develop specific career development programs (especially in organizational, research, and educational dimensions) and establish an effective relationship between preceptors and professors to enhance nursing students education.


This article considers the possibilities for widespread use of municipal bonds to finance public sector infrastructure, with particular reference to Scotland. Provided the various control measures recommended in this article are in place, there can be few objections either in principle or practice and they would be a highly desirable secure form of debt, so helping ease the current credit crunch.


Objective:To observe and assess the curative effect of Thymosin α 1 for injection and antituberculosis drugs on senile lung tuberculosis. Method:210 patients were divided into two groups,namely the case group and the control group.The control group was treated with 2HREs/4HR.The case group was treated with 2HRES/4HR combined with oral Thymosin α 1 for injection. The sputum negative conversion,focus absorption and cavity closure were observed. Result:There were 85 cases in the cases group and 59 cases in the control group with sputum negative conversion 1 month after treatment and the difference was significant( P 0.01).There were 91 cases in the cases group and 74 cases in the control group with sputum negative conversion 2 month after treatment after and the difference was also significant( P 0.01).There were 89、95 and 102 cases in the cases group and 71.87 and 91 cases in the control group 1 months,3 months and 6 months after treatment( P 0.01).There were 23、35 and 38 eases in the cases group and 13、25 and 31 cases in the control group 1 months,3 months and 6 months after treatment and the difference was significant( P 0.05 ).Conclusion: The curative effect of thymosin α 1 capsules and anti-TB drugs on senile lung tuberculosis cured by is obvious.


Faecal microbial transplant (FMT) for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) is greatly facilitated by frozen stool banks. However, the effect of frozen storage of stool for greater than 2 months on the viability of stool bacteria is unknown and the efficacy of FMT is not clear.


Even though the diffusion of information and communication technologies promises almost limitless learning resources through the World Wide Web, language differences deny access for much of the world's population. Sixty percent of the pages on the Web are composed in English, the primary language used by only 29% of those accessing them. The preponderance of English maintains an especially pernicious form of digital divide that widens as citizens of developing nations gain access to technology. An ongoing project at IBM Research aims at removing some of the linguistic barriers peculiar to the Web. This is done by providing a translator for reading, a better page presentation mechanism, failure-driven inspection and fast search engines.


ABSTRACT The question of whether academic development and higher education research can be considered fields is one of ongoing significance, centred on debates about knowledge-building. This study analyses the published outputs of a highly influential South African scholar, Suellen Shay, to identify the characteristic modes of knowledge generation that she used. The analysis of a dataset of nine key articles shows how Shay's work arose from daily concerns in her work in academic development at the University of Cape Town, but was always located in the context of international debates, and intentionally recruited theoretical tools for defining and addressing research questions. Shay traversed departmental, institutional and national contexts with ease, and a narrative overview of these articles shows an intentional and forward-moving direction in her focus. Finally, we show how this analysis of her work maps onto changing modes in academic development over the first two decades of the twenty-first century.


We study surface waves in two-dimensional modulated photonic lattices and demonstrate that, in a sharp contrast to one-dimensional lattices where localized surface modes can exist, the radiation escapes along the boundaries of the two-dimensional structure.


Nowadays more and more IoT devices, including a large number of IoT servers, have been deployed on the Internet. The security of IoT servers has always been a challenge. In this paper, a new model named addressless IoT server is proposed, which allows people to use the large IPv6 address space to protect IoT server security. The server is allocated an IPv6 prefix instead of an address. When the authenticated client initiates communication, it uses an encryption mechanism to generate a specific destination address under the prefix. The server verifies the destination address when receiving the packet, and discards the packet if the verification fails. In this way, the model can prevent attackers from perceiving the server and launching scans or attacks, while remains compatible with the current Internet. The prototype is implemented and an extensive set of experiments are conducted in this paper. The results demonstrate that the model can better protect server security.


This paper presents an hardware- and bandwidth-efficient high-performance 2D convolution accelerator for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in IoT applications. The 2D convolution accelerator is made up of three main components including a dedicated Loader, a Circle Buffer, and a MAC (Multiplier-Accumulator) unit. The 2D convolution accelerator has a 2-stage pipeline structure that reduces latency, increases processing throughput, and reduces power consumption. The architecture proposed in the paper eliminates the reloading of both the weights as well as the input image data. The 2D convolution unit is configurable to support 2D convolution operations with different sizes of input image matrix and kernel filter. The architecture can reduce memory access time and power as well as execution time thanks to the efficient reuse of the preloaded input data, while simplifying hardware implementation. The 2D convolution unit has been simulated and implemented on Xilinx's FPGA platform to evaluate its superiority. Experimental results show that our design is 1.54× and 13.6× faster in performance than the design in [7] and [8], respectively, at lower hardware cost without using any FPGA's dedicated hardware blocks. By reusing preloaded data, our design achieves a bandwidth reduction ratio between 66.4% and 90.5%.


A hierarchical synthesis methodology for analog and mixed-signal systems is presented that fully in a novel way integrates topology selection at all levels. A hierarchical system optimizer takes multiple topologies for all the building blocks at each hierarchical abstraction level, and generates optimal topology combinations using multi-objective evolutionary optimization techniques. With the presented methodology, system-level performance trade-offs can be generated where each design point contains valuable information on how the systems performances are influenced by different combinations of lower-level building block topologies. The generated system designs can contain all kinds of topology combinations as long as critical inter-block constraints are met. Different topologies can be assigned to building blocks with the same functional behavior, leading to more optimal hybrid designs than typically obtained in manual designs. In the experimental results, three different integrator topologies are used to generate an optimal system-level exploration trade-off for a complex high-speed DeltaSigma A/D modulator


Eight independently isolated mutants which are supersensitive (Sst-) to the Gl arrest induced by the tridecapeptide pheromone a factor were identified by screening mutagenized Saccharomyces cerevisiae MATa cells on solid medium for increased growth inhibition by a factor. These mutants carried lesions in two complementation groups, sstl and sst2. Mutations at the sstl locus were mating type specific: MATa sstl cells were supersensitive to a factor, but MATa sstl cells were not supersensitive to a factor. In contrast, mutations at the sst2 locus conferred supersensitivity to the pheromones of the opposite mating type on both MATa and MATa cells. Even in the absence of added a pheromone, about 10%o of the cells in exponentially growing cultures of MATa strains carrying any of three different alleles of sst2 (including the ochre mutation sst24) had the aberrant morphology ("shmoo" shape) that normally develops only after MATa cells are exposed to a factor. This "self-shmooing" phenotype was genetically linked to the sst2 mutations, although the leakiest allele isolated (sst2-3) did not display this characteristic. Normal MATaIMATa diploids do not respond to pheromones; diploids homozygous for an sst2 mutation (MATa/MATTa sst2-l/sst2-1) were still insensitive to a factor. The sstl gene was mapped to within 6.9 centimorgans of his6 on chromosome IX. The sst2 gene was unlinked to sstl, was not centromere linked, and was shown to be neither linked to nor centromere distal to MAT on


Two types of behavior-based penetration testing model of the network and their vulnerabilities were discussed in this paper. The paper provides a comprehensive method which includes three phases and a model based on behavior anomaly and detection. It can discover the attacks testing from the network access activities. The goal of this paper is intended to provide insight into the special networking attacks and offer preventive measures for thwarting. By developing a more thorough understanding of these types of attacks, it provides an armament of defensive measures and knowledge to lessen the penetration testing and vulnerabilities being exploited. A realistic model was presented which comprised a variety of issues and counter measures including a basic process how these threats evolve, based on vulnerabilities, scanning and behavior anomaly detection.


Herman Cain's recent inability to demonstrate a command of even the most basic facts and debates around recent events in Libya made Rick Perry's failure to recall which three federal agencies he wanted to abolish during a recent debate seem positively statesmanlike by comparison. Cain, however, is not the first presidential candidate, or occupant of one of the country's highest offices to make the kind of mistake that would embarrass an above average high school student. Vice President Dan Quayle famously advised a young schoolboy to add the letter "e" to the end of the word "potato" during a spelling exercise. Similarly, poor command of the facts and garbled pronunciation were almost a defining characteristic of George W. Bush during his campaign for the presidency.


In this paper, the characters of the 5-axes NC grinding machine for the drill point MK6335 are introduced. The attributes of Ni Zhifu drill (Chinese multi-facet drill-CMFD) are stressed. The sharpening key technology for the Ni Zhifu drill point in this grinding machine is stated. By using the grinding machine and the key technology, the CMFD can be ground accurately. After ground, the geometric angle error of the drill point is less than 1 degree.


The paper presents the casting-deforming technology intended to produce cast aluminum composites and items from them (in-situ technology). In addition the investigation has been made of the effect of mechanical activation of a charge containing these carbon forms as well as of intensive plastic deformation on the possibility of their structure rearrangement and creation of new forms (glass carbon and diamond-like carbon particles) with the aim of their use in in-situ casting technologies.


This paper deals with a new approach for complex systems modeling and control based on neural and fuzzy clustering algorithms. It aims to derive a base of local models describing the system in the whole operating domain. The implementation of this approach requires three main steps: 1) determination of the structure of the model-base, the number of models are found out by using Rival Penalized Competitive Learning (RPCL), and the operating clusters are selected referring to the fuzzy K-means algorithm, 2) parametric model identification using the clustering results 3) determination of the global system control parameters obtained by a fusion of local control parameters. The case of a second order nonlinear system is studied to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.


The title sulfonium salts undergo electrophilic addition to glycals in the presence of alcohols to form principally β-glycosides. A substituent effect study has shown that the reagent with a p-tolylthio group is the most face-selective. By variation of the alcohol nucleophile, it has been shown that face selectivity is also dependent on the structure of the nucleophile.


Microporous membranes of high-density polyethylene were prepared by melt-extrusion followed by annealing and uniaxial extension. Crystallization at a high melt flow rate and subsequent annealing of the spun films with fixed ends led to the formation of oriented hard-elastic materials with a high modulus of elasticity and a considerable work recovery. Uniaxial stretching of such systems along the orientation direction induced the formation of microscopic pores due to the specific structure of the hard-elastic material. At some critical values of the processing parameters, throughflow channels were formed, converting the film into a microporous membrane permeable to liquids and vapors. Sound propagation, tensile measurements, and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterize the structure and properties of the samples at individual stages of the process as a function of the processing parameters. In particular, it was shown that polar diagrams of the sound propagation velocity reflect sensitively the structural changes in the process of porous structure formation.


Headnote: An application filed in one of the languages referred to in Article 14, paragraphs 1 and 2, produces the result provided for in Article 80 EPC, ie a date of filing is attributed, irrespective of the fact that the applicant neither has its residence or principal place of business in a Contracting State nor is a national of a Contracting State, provided that all the other requirements of Article 80 EPC are satisfied.


Aims:  To determine the frequency and survival of the various types of uterine sarcoma in the total population of Norway and evaluate histopathological prognostic factors in order to identify risk groups.


The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor zanubrutinib (Brukinsa), which was previously approved by the FDA for treatment of mantle cell lymphoma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, and relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma, has now been approved for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) in adults. The BTK inhibitors ibrutinib (Imbruvica) and acalabrutinib (Calquence) were approved earlier for treatment of CLL and SLL.


Objective To observe the ability of Thai silk stopping bleeding in hepatic hemangioma surgery and evaluate the efficacy of Thai silk for the hemostasis.Methods The 147 cases of hepatic hemangioma patients received in our hospital from November 2008 to September 2011 and these patients were divided into experimental and control groups randomly: 72 cases in experimental group and 75 cases in control group.The methods of hepatic hemangioma resection included half liver resection,liver resection,segmental resection or local excision and curettage and aspiration dissection,the experimental group used Thai silk as hemostasis material in surgical procedure and the control group was treated with fibrin glue to stop bleeding.Compare the drainage fluid after 1d,2d,3d and the number of red blood cells in drainage fluid the as well as the total amount of the final drainage and time to extubation between the two groups.Results The results of drainage fluid after postoperative 1d,2d,3d,total drainage,Drainage,red blood cell number and final extubation time in the experimental group was better than that in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Thai silk in the hepatic hemangioma surgery has good hemostatic effect as compared to other scholarly material.


Long_term potentiation (LTP) is one of the best_studied models of learning and memory at the molecular level. More and more reports show that many cytokines are involved in the induction and maintenance of LTP. The effects of some cytokines, such as IL_1β, IL_2, IL_6, IFN, TNF and BDNF, on LTP are discussed in this review.


The multi-section coupled transmission line is equivalent to the cascade of multi-section ladder impedance filters, which provides a basis for the research of broadband directional couplers and meets the needs of microwave systems. Using this method, a multi-section -15 dB stripline directional coupler was designed in the application frequency range of 0.7-3.7 GHz, and the directional coupler was improved by loading the branch compensation capacitor. And through the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS for simulation optimization. The simulation results show that the coupling degree of the coupler is about -15 dB in 0.7-3.7 GHz, the return loss is greater than 20 dB and the isolation is greater than 30 dB, the insertion loss is less than 0.33 dB, the in-band fluctuation is less than 1 dB, and the physical size is 38mm $\times 6$ mm, which meets the design requirements of the -15 dB coupler.


Investigations in more than 20 patients have shown that a distinct insufficiency of the coronary cir culation is present in chronic cor pulmonale with accompanying hypoxemia of the myocardium. The impairment of the myocardial oxygen supply causes metabolic, hemodynamic, anatomical and elec trocardiographic changes. Increasing pressure of the lesser circulation due to chronic lung disease is in our opinion not in itself responsible for cardiac changes as found in chronic cor pulmonale. Rather is the coronary circulatory insufficiency with myocardial hypoxemia of equal importance


The present contribution focuses on the creation of the specific terminology which reflects the development of the European Union legal system and its common policies that have been built in more than sixty years. It is clear that politicians and EU officials cannot avoid using this terminology in their daily professional communication. However, it is necessary to ensure that the language obeys the rules of clarity and precision whenever citizens are involved in the process, as they are concerned with the legislation and policies coming from Brussels. This accessibility to meaning can be considered as important as the right, conferred by Treaties, to access European legislation and to communicate with EU institutions in one's own language. A positive step in this direction, in addition to the development of glossaries and terminology databases, would be to observe carefully the recommendations and style guides published by the Commission.


In order to cope with the challenges expected during the LHC Run 2 CMS put in a number of enhancements into the main software packages and the tools used for centrally managed processing. In the presentation we will highlight these improvements that allow CMS to deal with the increased trigger output rate, the increased pileup and the evolution in computing technology. The overall system aims at high flexibility, improved operational flexibility and largely automated procedures. The tight coupling of workflow classes to types of sites has been drastically relaxed. Reliable and high-performing networking between most of the computing sites and the successful deployment of a data-federation allow the execution of workflows using remote data access. That required the development of a largely automatized system to assign workflows and to handle necessary pre-staging of data. Another step towards flexibility has been the introduction of one large global HTCondor Pool for all types of processing workflows and analysis jobs. Besides classical Grid resources also some opportunistic resources as well as Cloud resources have been integrated into that Pool, which gives reach to more than 200k CPU cores.


At the period of high economic growth after the war, in the suburban farm village area of the big city, large-scale site planning for housing and small change of use of agricultural land developed. As a result, rural-urban area has appeared. But, recently, this area is planned as a new city area surrounded by nature. In this paper, intend for Tsukuba, we analyzed the Inhabitant exchange activities from a viewpoint of "Place" and "exchange" peculiarities. And we claritied the place peculiarities of exchange activities in Urban-Rural area and abstracted some problems of today in this area.


Different models of strong interactions have been proposed corresponding to different energy regions considered; that is, current algebra and chiral dynamics for the low energy region; the dual resonance model and the dual string model for the Regge energy region; and the parton model for the deep inelastic region. Recently, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) has attracted much interest of particle physicists as a model which may combine properties of the models of three energy regions.


Self-supervised methods have emerged as a promising avenue for representation learning in the recent years since they alleviate the need for labeled datasets, which are scarce and expensive to acquire. Contrastive methods are a popular choice for self-supervision in the audio domain, and typically provide a learning signal by forcing the model to be invariant to some transformations of the input. These methods, however, require measures such as negative sampling or some form of regularisation to be taken to prevent the model from collapsing on trivial solutions. In this work, instead of invariance, we propose to use equivariance as a self-supervision signal to learn audio tempo representations from unlabelled data. We derive a simple loss function that prevents the network from collapsing on a trivial solution during training, without requiring any form of regularisation or negative sampling. Our experiments show that it is possible to learn meaningful representations for tempo estimation by solely relying on equivariant self-supervision, achieving performance comparable with supervised methods on several benchmarks. As an added benefit, our method only requires moderate compute resources and therefore remains accessible to a wide research community.


Optically switchable directional couplers can function as logically complete building blocks for constructing all-optical computational engines. Logically, such devices operate as all-optical five-terminal gates, where the two output signals are logical functions of two throughgoing input signals and a control input signal. Such an optically controlled exchange element is a promising functional unit for constructing general-purpose digital optical logic circuits. The implementation of such all-optical five-terminal gates using Ti:LiNbO3 electro-optic directional couplers is described. These optical logic gates utilize mature technology developed for the telecommunications industry, facilitating construction of robust optical logic hardware. Single-mode optical fiber is used for all logical interconnections. Effectively dc-coupled control circuitry converts optical pulses into electrical pulses capable of switching the transfer state of low-voltage lumped electrode directional couplers. The use of such Ti:LiNbO3 five-terminal optical logical gates in the construction of various simple circuits such as oscillators and divide-by-N circuits is shown. Such circuits demonstrate many of the issues arising in the construction of all- optical digital computing systems, and are fundamental subsections of an all-optical bit serial computer design currently under construction.


and most convenient way to learn literature searching is from the hospital librarian. Hospital librarians spend much of their time performing searches for students and health workers, and most hospitals will provide one-on-one help, as well as introductory and advanced searching tutorials lasting an hour or two each. Some of the tools that are useful in searching Medline are: the use of Boolean terms (AND, OR, NOT); the use of suffixes ('.ti' to look for a particular word or phrase in the title, '.au' to mean author, '.jn' to mean journal, '.yr' to indicate publication year etc.); the use of substitutes (e.g. '$' to indicate any text string); the use of preprepared string searches; the use of 'focus' and 'explode' to broaden or refine a topic; 'limiting' searches (e.g. limiting a search to controlled trials, English language only, or to human studies only); and the use of combination searches. There are other databases apart from Medline, such as Embase, which is a European-based database of more than 10 million articles dating from 1980. Embase has a greater emphasis on pharmacology and a European bias and, because there is only 34% overlap between these two large databases, it is often recommended to include both databases for thorough searches. There are also many databases that focus on specific areas, for example CINAHL (nursing and allied health) and CancerLit (cancer). These other databases can also be searched using OVID and the other interfaces, but each one is structured differently, so that repeating a search strategy in a different database will often miss important articles. The literature search engines also provide automatically generated email alerts (to your selected accounts) that contain the table of contents of your selected journals as soon as a new issue is released. This electronic table of contents (eTOC) will contain the list of articles from the new issue, with direct links to the abstracts. You may be able to retrieve the full article, depending on the subscriptions of your provider. This service provides obvious cost and time advantages over traditional journal subscriptions. The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com) is an important site for systematic reviews. The Cochrane Collaboration is an independent group of volunteers that now provides, via the Cochrane Library, a large number of high-quality reviews, mainly of prevention and treatment, in health care. The methodology of a Cochrane Review is rigorous, and they are considered to be of higher quality than other systematic reviews. This website is easy to navigate, and the reviews can be viewed or saved free of charge. From my experience, as one who has studied literature searching, and who teaches literature searching through the college Critical Literature Evaluation and Research (CLEAR) courses, I have never failed to learn more about searching from my interactions with the librarians at my hospital and the courses that they run. I recommend that surgeons familiarize themselves with Medline and the sites listed here, but some formal tutoring is also necessary to be able to search the literature thoroughly. This can easily be provided by a hospital librarian, or by completing the college CLEAR course. The latter will also provide you with the tools necessary to critically appraise the articles you retrieve, because literature searching is only a part of practising evidence-based surgery.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, as active principle in combination, consisting of metallic calcium and at least one vitamin D, regarding the combination for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients who took old. The present invention is substantially the liquid aqueous medium insoluble calcium salt dispersed in a liquid aqueous medium; reagents for dissolving vitamin D in an aqueous medium; at least one vitamin D increases the viscosity of and the aqueous medium, and characterized by comprising the insoluble calcium salt gelling agent to hold a uniform suspension in the aqueous medium.


T he prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the United States is 12% in ages 75 to 84 years of age and is expected to continue to rise. AF is known to increase the risk of stroke. Among patients with AF, stroke and thromboembolism risk is mitigated with the addition of anticoagulants. However, this is associated with increased risk of bleeding, specifically intracranial hemorrhage in the setting of warfarin. Because of this, prescribers are hesitant to anticoagulate, especially in the elderly population. There have been multiple risk stratification scoring systems utilized to assess bleeding risk including HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal renal and liver function, Stroke, Bleeding, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs or alcohol), HEMORR2HAGES (History of bleeding, Hepatic or renal disease, Alcohol abuse, Malignancy, Older age, Reduced platelet count or function, Hypertension, Anemia, Genetic predisposition, Excessive fall risk, Stroke), ORBIT-AF (Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation), and ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) with the new addition of GARFIELD-AF (Global Anticoagulant Registry in the Field-Atrial Fibrillation). In the past, HAS-BLED bas been found to be superior at determining any clinically relevant bleeding risk by receiver-operating characteristic analysis and decision curve analysis (C index: HAS-BLED: 0.6 versus HEMORR2HAGES: 0.55 versus ATRIA: 0.50). However, more recently, the GARFIELD-AF risk model has been shown to be superior in major bleeding in comparison to HAS-BLED (C index: 0.66 GARFIELD-AF versus 0.64 HAS-BLED). Proietti and colleagues sought to challenge GARFIELD-AF's superiority in this issue of the Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA) and compared the predictive value of HAS-BLED with GARFIELD-AF risk model in the SPORTIF (Stroke Prevention Using the Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Ximelagatran in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Trial III and V) population. This study did show modest predictive value for major bleeding in both bleeding scores (C index: 0.58 HAS-BLED versus 0.56 GARFIELD-AF). The high-risk HAS-BLED score (>3) patients had higher risk of major bleeding, clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, and any bleeding in comparison to low-risk HAS-BLED patients. In contrast, except for the major clinically relevant bleeding outcomes metric, the GARFIELD-AF score did not show a statistically significant difference for major bleeding and any bleeding in the high-risk patients comparedwith the low-risk patients. Lastly, therewas a net benefit of 5% of any bleeding with HAS-BLED in comparison to GARFIELD-AF. The authors concluded GARFIELD-AF was not superior to HAS-BLED, specifically in predicting any bleeding. The patient populations of these 2 studies were substantially different. First, the patients in the study by Lip and colleagues were from the SPORTIF III and V controlled clinical trials, a more constrained population with strict inclusion and exclusion factors. As expected, the time in the therapeutic range in these controlled patients was 68.2% compared with the time in the therapeutic range of patients in GARFIELD-AF, a real-world registry, of 55%. Additionally, the patients in the SPORTIF III and V cohorts were sicker compared with GARFIELD-AF. Eighty-nine percent of patients in SPORTIF III and V had chronic AF as compared with 12.7% in GARFIELD-AF. Further comparisons are shown in the Table. Even when externally validating the GARFIELD-AF risk model in the same study to the ORBIT-AF population, the predictive value fell (C index: 0.61). The authors postulate that this was because of the longer duration of AF in the ORBIT-AF population compared with GARFIELD-AF, again distinguishing it from the SPORTIF III and V population where the duration of AF was >1 year in 81% of the patients. Overall, both studies are valid, but, as one might expect, different risk scoring systems will have different results The opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the editors or of the American Heart Association. From the MetroHealth System Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Correspondence to: William R. Lewis, MD, MetroHealth System Campus, Heart and Vascular Center, Case Western Reserve University, Suite H-330, 2500 MetroHealth Dr, Cleveland, OH 44109. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7:e010582. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010582. a 2018 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.


We design a method for weighting linear support vector machine classifiers or random hyperplanes, to obtain classifiers whose accuracy is comparable to the accuracy of a nonlinear support vector machine classifier, and whose results can be readily visualized. We conduct a simulation study to examine how our weighted linear classifiers behave in the presence of known structure. The results show that the weighted linear classifiers might perform well compared to the nonlinear support vector machine classifiers, while they are more readily interpretable than the nonlinear classifiers.


This article conducted a comparative analysis on the moisture,specific gravity,fineness,mobility,thixotropy,and PH of purple knar clay and substitutive clay mud.Through orthogonal experiment,the article studied the preferred plan of composite use of clays instead of purple knar clay.The results show that the rational composite use of Changbaishan kaoline,Suzhou clay,Longyan clay,and Northeast black mud can substitute purple knar clay.Under this experimental condition,the preferred plan is the composite plan which is composed of 13% Changbaishan kaoline,4% Longyan clay,1% Suzhou clay,and 3% Northeast black mud and the performance,such as the mud's mobility and thixotropy,is close to that of purple knar clay mud.Changbaishan kaoline influences the mud's mobility and thixotropy more obviously than other three clays.


Aims: To assess the association between the frequency and quantity of coffee and tea consumption and dental caries severity among adolescents (middle and high schools) in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Study Design: This is an observational cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in the Eastern Province (Dammam and Al-Khobar), Saudi Arabia, from January to February 2019.
Methodology: A cross-sectional observational survey study that was carried out in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Validated interview-based questionnaires were used to ask about the background information and the frequency and quantity of coffee and tea consumption with two sections of the survey: The first section was about the demographic data and the second section assessed the frequency and quantity of coffee and tea consumption and examination was done during daylight using disposable dental mirror and blunt probe.
Results: A total of 2265 middle school children with a response rate of 77.8%. Out of them, Females accounted for 1288 (56%) and the mean age (±SD) was 14 (±1.322). Regarding parents' education, 1916 (84.6%) of participants' fathers and 1836 (81.1%) of their mothers had a high school certificate or higher. There was a significant association between the frequency of coffee and tea consumption and caries (p=0.013).
Conclusion: There was a significant association between the frequency of coffee and tea consumption and caries (p=0.013). The frequency of coffee and tea consumption, the higher the caries. However, there was no association between the quantity of coffee and tea consumption and D nor with the overall DMF score.


Tau protein that comprises neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) interact with the abundant immunophilin protein Cyclophilin A (CypA) due to its peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase activity.


Being a tropical country, India provides an ideal environment for the development of parasites as well as for vector populations resulting in a high degree of parasitism in animals and humans. But only a few detailed studies and sporadic case reports are available on the prevalence of parasites in captive wild animals, and the knowledge of parasites and parasitic diseases in wild animals is still in its infancy.  The family felidae comprises the subfamily felinae and pantherinae, and within those are all large and small cats.  Most of the available reports on parasites in felids describe helminthic infections, which caused morbidities and occasional mortalities in the infected animals.  The parasites most frequently found include the nematodes Toxocara , Toxascaris, Baylisascaris, Strongyloides, Gnathostoma, Dirofilaria and Galonchus , the trematode Paragonimus and the cestodes Echinococcus and Taenia .  Almost all the studies identified the parasitic stages by classical parasitological techniques and only a few new studies confirmed the species using molecular techniques.  Amongst the protozoan parasitic infections reported in felids: babesiosis, trypanosomiasis and coccidiosis are most commonly found.  Most of the parasite species found in felids are transmissible to humans (zoonosis) and therefore have public health significance.  Routine monitoring of the presence of parasites in captive wild felids is imperative for the formulation and implementation of measures to prevent and control parasitic infections and the transmission of these parasites to humans.  This review summarizes the available reports and highlights deficient areas, which require further systematic investigation.


New Yale isochrones, which have been tested for accuracy (Paper II), provide the means to investigate interesting visual binaries, especially those whose classifications and photometry do not match well (Paper I). Various parameters are deduced for those binaries which fitted the isochrones (e.g., ages, metal abundances, luminosities of peculiar stars); various solutions are systematically developed for those which did not fit, and a likely status of evolution proposed (e.g., duplicity of the components, pre-main-sequence, blue straggler, horizontal branch, optical pair, data inaccuracies). Evolution around the helium flash and diffusion theory are briefly considered. These parameters and statuses provide a wealth of new stellar data and suggestions for further investigation.


The current work environment increasingly requires independent individuals who are able to take the initiative and make responsible decisions in settings where they are not always supported by hierarchical superiors. In this context, the concept of self-leadership has been linked to professional and personal effectiveness. This study investigated the theory of self-leadership and factors that have an impact on the quality and use of the individual's self-leadership, namely work stress and emotional intelligence. For this purpose, a sample of 159 nursing leaders working at the Lesotho Ministry of Health and Social Welfare was selected. Self-leadership, work stress and emotional intelligence were measured using the Revised Self-leadership Questionnaire, the Experience of Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire, and the Emotional Intelligence Index, respectively. Statistical analyses such as stepwise multiple regression analysis, correlations and a t-test were applied to determine the effect of work stress and emotional intelligence on self-leadership. Results indicate that the variance in self-leadership (total) scores can be attributed to EQI (self-regulation) and causes of work stress (physical working conditions). The independent t-test results also indicate no statistically significant differences in self-leadership between the different age groups in the sample. In the light of these findings, a few recommendations are made.


Research in 3D semantic segmentation has been increasing performance metrics, like the IoU, by scaling model complexity and computational resources, leaving behind researchers and practitioners that (1) cannot access the necessary resources and (2) do need transparency on the model decision mechanisms. In this paper, we propose SCENE-Net, a low-resource white-box model for 3D point cloud semantic segmentation. SCENE-Net identifies signature shapes on the point cloud via group equivariant non-expansive operators (GENEOs), providing intrinsic geometric interpretability. Our training time on a laptop is 85~min, and our inference time is 20~ms. SCENE-Net has 11 trainable geometrical parameters and requires fewer data than black-box models. SCENE--Net offers robustness to noisy labeling and data imbalance and has comparable IoU to state-of-the-art methods. With this paper, we release a 40~000 Km labeled dataset of rural terrain point clouds and our code implementation.


GMR spin-valve sensors are fabricated and analyzed, where a pair of CoPt permanent magnets (PM) are attached to two ends of the sensor elements to suppress the hysteresis. The size dependence of the spin-valve sensors is investigated by measuring GMR spin-valve sensing elements patterned with different lengths and widths. The results show that the GMR ratio reduces and the saturation field increases respectively with decreased length of the spin-valve sensor. And the saturation field also decreases with increasing width due to a stronger demagnetization effect. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction.


The binding properties of a series of Ru(bpy)3 complexes to cytochrome c are described; these compounds act as selective cytochrome c receptors and one derivatie is shown to be a photodriven modulator of the cytochrome c redox state.


This handbook for HIV/AIDS program managers illustrate the process of policy development so that program managers can collaborate with others in policy development. The handbook consists of an introduction and five sections. Section 1 defines "policy" and "advocacy" and explains the nature of coalitions and constituents. Section 2 reviews the various policy development roles that can be played by program managers and staff; technical specialists analysts planners and advisors; coalitions; the media; communities; and policy-makers. This section also explains 1) how behavior change communication principles and tools can be used for advocacy and policy development and 2) how to determine if policy development work is appropriate for a specific organization. The third section sets forth the steps to be followed in policy development (identifying problems issues and solutions; gathering and analyzing data; and developing policy recommendations). Section 4 concentrates on the use of advocacy to achieve policy results as a continuation of this process and the final section covers issues involving the final stages such as what to expect along the way preparation and presentation of policies and implementation and oversight.


This thesis proposes a conceptual framework for composing a multi-view similarity metric from a set of similarity metrics, each focusing on a particular view of software. Software has at least three views: structural, behavioral, and use-case views. This thesis also proposes a set of structural similarity metrics for Unified Modeling Language (UML) models. The design and implementation of a proof-of-concept UML model comparison tool based on these structural similarity metrics are reported. Results from conducted case studies demonstrate the potential of the proposed metric set.


This work presents an innovative method for producing porous castings from polymer dispersion with wood flour. The method described for forming porous castings from blends, in which the aqueous dispersions of polymers are binders, enables the manufacturing of wood-like products with a cork-like structure. The casting technology and selected properties of finished castings (density, compression strength) are presented. The structurual investigations of the obtained castings are also presented.


Objective:To study the application of molecular genetics on the clinical diagnosis and classification of corneal dystrophies.Methods:2 ml peripheral venous blood was collected from 20 patients with corneal dystrophies and 10 normal subjects.Leucocytes DNA was extracted with standard method.With two pairs of oligonucleotide primers,exon 4 and exon 12 of BIGH 3 gene were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction.Amplified DNA fragments were purified and sequenced directly.Results:Mutations in BIGH 3 gene were detected in all the patients with corneal dystrophies.13 patients with Avellino corneal dystrophy had the missense mutation R124H in the BIGH 3 gene.3 patients with granular corneal dystrophy had the missense mutation R555W in the BIGH 3 gene.4 patients with lattice corneal dystrophy had the missense mutation R124C in the BIGH 3 gene.Conclusion:With molecular genetic analysis,proper diagnosis and classification of corneal dystrophies can be obtained.On the basis of such research,it will come true to predict occurrence,progress and prognosis of corneal dystrophy recently.Gene therapy will be performed in the near future.


41 Blumenthal SA. Stimulation of gluconeogenesis by palmitic acid in rat hepatocytes evidence that this effect can be dissociated from the provision of reducing equivalents. Metabolism 1983; 32: 971·976 42 Randle PJ, Garland PB, Hales CN, Newsholme EA. The glucose fatty acid cycle. Its role in Insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbance of diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1963; 1 786·789. 43. Stanik S, Marcus R. Insulin secretion improves following dietary control of plasma glucose in severelyhyperglycemic obese patients. Metabolism 1980; 29: 346·350 44. Welborn TA, Wearne K. Coronary heart disease incidence and cardiovascular mortality in Busseltonwith reference to glucose and insulin concentrations. Diabetes Care 1979; 2: 154·160. 45. Pyorala K. Relationship of glucose tolerance and plasma insulin to the incidence of coronary heart disease: results from two population studies in Finland. Diabetes Care 1979; 2 131·141 46. Ducimetier P, Eschwege E, Papoz L, et a! Helationship of plasma insulin levels to the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease mortality in a rnidcle-aqed population. Dlabeto/ogla 1980; 19: 205·210. 47. Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595·1607 48. Modan M, Halkin H, Almog S, et at. Hyperinsulinemia. A link between hypertensron, obesity and glucose intolerance J Clin Invest 1985; 75 809·817. 49. MacMahon SW, Macdonald GJ, Bernstein L. et al Comparison ot weight reduction with Metroprolol in treatment of hypertension in young overweight patients. Lancet 1985; 1 1233·1236. 50. Evans OJ, Murray R, Kissebah AH. Relationship between skeletal muscle insulin resistance, insulinmediated glucose disposal and Insulin binding. Effects of obesity and body fat topography. J Clin Invest 1984; 74: 1515·1525 51. BazelmansJ, Nestel PJ, O'Dea K, EslerMD. Blunted norepinephrine responsiveness to changing energy states in obese subjects. Metabolism 1985; 34: 154·160


A simulated annealing-based heuristic has been developed to obtain the least-cost design of a looped water distribution network. A Newton search method was used to solve the hydraulic network equations. Simulated annealing is a stochastic optimization method that can work well for large-scale optimization problems that are cast in discrete or combinatorial form, as with the problem proposed. The results obtained with this approach for networks currently appearing in the literature as case studies in this field (whose solution by other optimization methods was known) have proved the ability of the heuristic to handle this kind of problem.


In this study, soaking experiments of pre-oxidized zry plates in molten mixture of stainless steel and 5 mol% boron carbide were conducted at 1200-1250°C. Thickness of oxide layer, ZrO2 was measured before and after the soaking test to investigate the ZrO2 thickness recession in the molten mixture. Results of the study indicated that the thickness recession of ZrO2 was mainly caused by the diffusion of oxygen from oxide layer to metallic-Zr region.


This article summarized the extraction,isolation,purification,identification and biological activity of natural active compounds from Pyrus L.,and the general view of natural active compounds research from Pyrus L. were discussed in the future.


Synopsis Olfaction and the Chemical Senses, 8 1.1 Synopsis This chapter presents an introduction to the thesis. My goal has not been to make this review exhaustive, but rather to place the thesis in a broad functional context, and expand on topics where I felt I had a contribution to make or those where substantial progress has been made recently. The interested reader is pointed to excellent I purposefully go back and forth between vertebrate and insect model systems, for the evidence suggests that both are strikingly analogous in structure and function, and furthermore, because I am primarily concerned with those common aspects which are fundamental to olfactory computations. The chapter begins with an exposition of the virtues of the olfactory system as a model system for pattern recognition, followed by a description of the demands put on olfaction by behavior. I then compare the strategy evolved by the olfactory system with that of other chemosensory systems. This section includes a note on potential shortcomings of a widely cited theoretical method to estimate neural information and compute the optimal sparseness of neural representations. I then describe the stimulus space and compare it with that of other sensory systems. That leads to a discussion of the computational problems posed by the stimulus-output requirements. I then argue for the benefits of insects as a model system for olfaction, and provide a brief anatomy of the system. I then proceed sequentially through the various stages of olfactory processing, from getting odor-ants to receptors and the nature of olfactory sampling, through olfactory receptors, the antennal lobe and olfactory bulb, the mushroom bodies and pyriform cortex and beyond, with particular emphasis on the processing leading up to and including the insect antennal lobe, the focus of the experimental findings of this thesis. At each stage, I focus on the computational role served by the underlying anatomy and physiology. Of particular interest may be a discussion of non-classical receptive fields Olfaction as a model system for information processing and pattern recognition Olfaction and the Chemical Senses, 9 in olfaction and a proposed model for a larger role than has previously been suggested for activity-dependence in the establishment of the connectivity patterns between receptor neurons and glomeruli. Toward the end, I discuss a little explored aspect of olfaction, that of stimulus variance across space and time, and propose a speculative novel hypothesis for the role of glomerular …


Breast cancer is a most common disease diagnosed in women. The Microcalcification Clusters (MCs) in the mammograms are one of the important early sign. The accurate detection of microcalcifications is a key problem in Computer Aided Detection (CAD). In this paper, we have proposed a novel association rule mining approach for classification of microcalcifications. Initially, the shape features are extracted from the digital mammograms. With these feature values association rules are constructed to develop a rule based system for classification of microcalcifications. A novel Multi- dimensional Genetic Association Rule Miner (MGARM) is proposed for rule construction. The result shows that the proposed rule-based approach reaches the classification accuracy over 85% and also demonstrates the use and effectiveness of association rule mining in image classification.


Langmuir films based on cadmium stearate have been successfully deposited on to the surface of p-type CdTe. The measured C/V curves show, for the first time, the accumulation, depletion and weak-inversion regions typical of an ideal device. The G/V curves show a sharp peak in the depletion region at high frequencies which is thought to be due to losses at interface states. An initial estimate of the density yields an average value of 1011 states cm- 2 .


Background : The retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an abnormality of blood vessel in the retina which often occurs in preterm babies with low birth weight.  Risk factors causing ROP were various. Objectives : To determine factors enhancing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm babies with low birth weight Design : A retrospective cohort study Setting : The pediatric intensive care unit, Phrae hospital Methods : Medical charts were reviewed among newborns investigated for the ROP during October 1 st , 2004 to September 30 th , 2009. Characteristics between the ROP group and non-ROP group were compared with exact probability test, and t – test.  Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors related to the ROP. Results: Of 191 medical records reviewed in newborns investigated for ROP, the ROP was found in 11 patients, and 181 babies was categorized in the non-ROP group. Factors enhancing the ROP included gestation age (p = 0.001), weight at birth (p< 0.001), APGAR score at the 5 th minutes (p= 0.009), resuscitated at the delivery room (p= 0.014), on respirator (p= 0.018), time receiving oxygen (p< 0.001), occurrence of apnea (p< 0.001), having pneumonia (p=0.010), and under shocking stage (p< 0.001). Among preterm babies with low birth weight, relative risk of the ROP included resuscitation at the delivery room (OR =23.99, 95%CI = 1.90 – 302.47, p = 0.014), occurrence of apnea (OR =27.31, 95%CI = 2.37 – 315.39, p = 0.008), and under stage of shock (OR =11.80, 95%CI = 1.57 – 88.49, p = 0.016). Conclusion : Factors enhancing the ROP in preterm babies with low birth weight were resuscitation at the delivery room, occurrence of apnea, and under stage of shock. Recommendations: Prematurely birth should be prevented. For inevitable cases, resuscitation has to be in place, and occurrence of apnea and stage of shock are prime events to be monitored. Key words: premature newborn, low birth weight, retinopathy of prematurity


Based on the results of observation, the learning method used in SD N Jatisari Semarang is in the form of discourse, discussions, question and answer with the book media. Learning methods that have been applied so far have not had enough impact on students' level of understanding. The method used is less successful, so students feel bored and bored. This study uses the concept of interactive media, the "Talking Stick" method, develops interactive systems and brings interesting features, through historic wayang characters. The advantage of this media is to modify recognition of wayang products through digital services on computer-based systems that respond to user actions, another advantage is that teachers can change evaluation questions. The results of the students' scores before using the learning media, on average 41% - 60% including the meanings were quite low, while after using the media were 81% - 100% including very high.


Cardiac surgery has been performed in young pigs. The technique of cardiopulmonary bypass is explained in detail. A simple, economical, and portable bypass unit was designed using standard disposable equipment to achieve a low priming volume. The type of priming fluid used was a major factor in overcoming the problems associated with haemodilution effects, clotting insufficiency, and the postperfusion lung syndrome. Survival was obtained after studies of partial bypass and of orthotopic cardiac transplantation.