This is the first of four chapters examining the development of food literacy. It reports the findings of the Young People Study, described in earlier chapters. Participants reflected on the evolution of their food and eating style. They describe this at the individual level but in doing so discuss the interplay between other key institutions of health, education and community organisations. These results are considered alongside learning and development theory to propose how food literacy develops, including the role of individuals, households, communities and nations, and their influence to each other.


4 The chapter that Talcott Parsons prepared for the Parsons-Schumpeter Seminar on 5 Rationality in the Social Sciences consists of not more than five and a half pages. It 6 also gives the impression of being a hastily drafted, somewhat incoherent text, 7 which mainly reiterates arguments presented in the chapters on Vilfredo Pareto in 8 The Structure of Social Action (Parsons 1937, 1968a). In the period around 1940, 9 when the Seminar on Rationality took place at Harvard University, Parsons seemed 10 to have lost much of his original interest in discussing, revisiting, and 11 complementing economic approaches to the nature of rationality and the rational 12 pursuit of self-interest. 13 In the autobiographical essay "On Building Social System Theory: A Personal 14 History," Parsons shed some light on his own intellectual trajectory and academic 15 career—including the period after the completion of The Structure of Social Action. 16 In the late 1920s, he had entered Harvard University through the Economics 17 Department. But in the course of the following decade, he transferred, both intel18 lectually and institutionally, from economics to sociology. Relatively late, in 1939, 19 he received tenure in Harvard's Department of Sociology. "In spite of the friend20 liness of [the economists] Taussig, Gay, and Schumpeter, I am quite sure I could not 21 have counted on a future in economics at Harvard. But basically I did not want to do 22 so. . . Though I wanted to keep my contact with economic theory, and in fact have 23 done so in various ways, I saw clearly that I did not want to be primarily an 24 economist, any more than Weber turned out to be" (Parsons 1970, 1977: 32). 25 Parsons, however, also explicitly referred to the Seminar on Rationality in the 26 Social Sciences:


ABSTRACT Monetary losses induced by earthquakes in Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings are mainly due to damage to non-structural elements (infills, partitions, finishes, etc.). In this study, alternative retrofit strategies for reducing monetary losses in RC frame buildings are examined. They include local strengthening of infills (and partitions) and seismic isolation. The Expected Annual Loss (EAL) of a number of RC frame buildings, pre- and post-rehabilitation, is evaluated, following the time-based assessment approach proposed in the FEMA P-58 guidelines. The breakeven time of each retrofit intervention is then computed, considering the initial cost of the intervention and the expected benefit in terms of EAL reduction.


ABSTRACT The conventional formula for dividing religious and secular connects religion to emotion and secularity to rationality. However, recent work in what has been called critical secularism studies has challenged this orientation. This scholarship has proposed that the line between secular and religious is blurry, and that we should expect the secular to be determined by embodied emotion just as much as religion. Postcolonial theorist Saba Mahmood calls these 'secular affects,' which include the affects of science. This dovetails with recent research in science and technology studies, which has suggested that science itself is driven by feelings, like excitement in the exploration of concepts and information.


Machine Vision system for automatic activation of the hazard warning lights of a car accident if possible. The system object of the invention is intended to perform the automatic activation of the hazard warning lights of a car in case it has detected a possible accident. It is an active safety system. Detection of possible accidents is by artificial vision. For this measure the distance and relative speed with respect to preceding vehicles using a camera installed inside the automobile is effected. The image received by the camera is processed by a hardware system on board the vehicle. As a result of processing made the distance and relative speed existing between the own vehicle and the preceding vehicle is obtained. If it is found that the relative speed between the two vehicles changes sharply to the risk of collision proceeds to perform automatic activation of hazard lights to warn other drivers.


ABSTRACT This paper provides empirical evidence to the theoretical claim that rare disaster risks have predictability for exchange rate returns and volatility using a nonparametric quantile-based methodology. Using dollar-based exchange rates for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, the quantile-causality test shows that indeed rare disaster-risks affects both returns and volatility over the majority of their respective conditional distributions. In addition, these effects are much stronger when compared to those using the British pound, especially in terms of currency returns.


The fast method of calculating radiation resistance of an antenna with catenary elements is improved in this paper to include more complicated structures and also structures that contain catenary elements and straight wires together. Convergence of the equations of these structures is discussed and closed-form formulas for the derivatives of the Jacobean matrix are obtained. It is shown that the modification on sectionalized Loran transmitter antenna produces a new class of low-frequency antennas named as square top loaded antenna. Using the introduced method, a new structure is proposed for the antenna, easier for fabrication and with better reactance. In addition, a trade-off is shown between resistance and reactance of the antenna where additional wire usually improves the reactance and decreases the radiation resistance.


The authors present new improved methods for detecting latent sector faults in a disk subsystem as caused by media deterioration of the disk magnetic storage material. Usually, sectors in a disk are accessed using uneven patterns causing some of the sectors to be accessed only seldom. In case of media deterioration on the rarely accessed sectors, a latent disk fault may remain undetected for a long time. To detect latent sector faults, a disk is scanned through periodically. An adaptive algorithm is proposed to utilize the idle time for the disk for scanning commonly used disks that comply with SCSI-II interface standards.


As per definition of efficient market hypothesis (EMH), there is a need that stock prices should reflect all available information in the market and no investor is able to earn excess return on the basis of some secretly held private, public or historical information. Efficient market hypothesis (EMH) can be further divided into three sub hypotheses depending upon the information set involved and these are weak form efficient market hypothesis, semi strong form efficient market hypothesis and strong form efficient market hypothesis. This study has examined the weak form of efficiency on the six major stock exchanges that are present in North-America and Europe including NYSE Composite (USA), S&P TSX Composite (Canada), FTSE 100 Index (UK), CAC 40 (France), DAX 30 (Germany) and IBEX 35 (Spain). Historical index values are gathered on a monthly, weekly and daily basis for a period of 14 Years (July 1997 to June 2011). Two statistical tests including runs test, and variance ratio test were applied for analysis and results. It is found in the process that two out of six developed stock markets of North-America and Europe doesn't follow Random-walk and hence NYSE Composite, S&P TSX Composite, DAX 30 (Germany) and IBEX 35 (Spain) are the weak form of efficient markets.


The second Summer School on Practice and Theory of Distributed Computing (SPTDC 2019) took place on July 8-12, 2019, in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. In addition to graduate and undergraduate students from all around the world, the audience featured a considerable presence of industrial researchers and software engineers. The program offered a wide range of classes on practical and theoretical aspects of distributed systems, given by renowned experts: Leslie Lamport, Michael Scott, Maurice Herlihy, Eli Gafni, Danny Hendler, Achour Mostefaoui, Ittai Abraham, and Trevor Brown.


SUMMARY The Palcazu Forest Management Model was introduced to the tropics in the 1980s to incorporate social, ecological and economic considerations for the development of the Palcazu Valley, Peru. The development of the Yanesha Forestry Cooperative was the social benefit; the use of strip clear-cutting to promote rapid regeneration of timber species was the ecological benefit; and the complete use of timber from the clear-cut strips was the economic benefit. The sustainability of the Palcazu forest management model is discussed based on the interaction of factors that affected its performance. Apart from adverse social and economic policies, there was no social inclusion of the Yanesha to the project, limited knowledge of strip clear-cutting in the tropics, and low timber productivity, along with low profits and high costs in its first harvest. As originally proposed, the Palcazu forest management model is not sustainable, but several modifications could make this model financially viable.


The many old dams in the central part of Germany allow to predict the effects of environmental changes. This is demonstrated for the planned Sieber dam. The predictions are based on the more than 80 dams in the Harz mountain region, some of them are more than 400 years old


In this paper, a framework for the analysis of the transmission-computation-energy tradeoff in wireless and fixed networks is introduced. The analysis of this tradeoff considers both the transmission energy as well as the energy consumed at the receiver to process the received signal. While previous work considers linear decoder complexity, which is only achieved by uncoded transmission, this paper claims that the average processing (or computation) energy per symbol depends exponentially on the information rate of the source message. The introduced framework is parametrized in a way that it reflects properties of fixed and wireless networks alike. The analysis of this paper shows that exponential complexity and therefore stronger codes are preferable at low data rates while linear complexity and therefore uncoded transmission becomes preferable at high data rates. The more the computation energy is emphasized (such as in fixed networks), the less hops are optimal and the lower is the benefit of multi-hopping. On the other hand, the higher the information rate of the singlehop network, the higher the benefits of multi-hopping. Both conclusions are underlined by analytical results.


visual assessment of the tracings and photographic records. On reviewing the planimetry the reasons for deciding whether or not to change were unclear in four cases. Furthermore, traces of the dressing could often be seen, and the decision was thus not "blind." The crossover figures must, therefore, be viewed critically. It is noteworthy that when the four cases mentioned were excluded from the analysis the results still favoured cadexomer iodine (p <0 05). Contrary to the findings of Skog et al3 we did not observe any significant effect on bacterial colonisation. Studies using a simulated wound model, however, have shown that although cadexomer iodine may not eliminate organisms, it does suppress growth for almost 18 hours and thereby significantly reduces bacterial mass.' The action of bacteria in inhibiting the healing of wounds may relate to the production of cytotoxic chemicals,, 9 and reduction of bacterial mass for a substantial proportion of the day may be one of the mechanisms by which cadexomer iodine accelerates regrowth of the epithelium. Ulcers in both groups healed well. This study shows that selected patients (average age 68 years) can manage their own ulcers effectively. Patient compliance was remarkably good. Our former opinion, in common with that of many others, was that weekly dressing and bandaging provides adequate support for ulcers with minimal disturbance of new epithelium. On the basis of this study we suggest that daily bandaging and renewal of a non-adherent dressing may have distinct advantages over less demanding regimens. Bandages reapplied daily probably provide better support than those changed less regularly. Furthermore, many of our patients remarked how much the reduction in odour had improved their social lives. Although it takes time and patience to teach patients how to dress and bandage their ulcers-that is, five two hour sessionsthis seems to be repaid in terms of both healing of ulcers and, eventually, a reduction in demands on the doctor and nurse. Cadexomer iodine seems to be useful in this context.


In this paper, we prove a fixed point theorem for self mappings satisfying a new contractive type condition in a compact metric space.


Abstract:Translating a work that employs inventive literary techniques is an already arduous task, however, negotiating with a system of imposed censorship makes the process of translating and publishing increasingly more intricate. The Iranian Ministry of Cultural and Islamic Guidance declared my uncensored translation of Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita (which I had had to publish and disseminate underground) an obscene publication, prohibited further sales, and ordered its confiscation. The censorship of words, themes, and sometimes complete works is a common hazard for Persian translators and frames my current work translating Ulysses. In this essay, I explore the challenges of translating modernist works, like Lolita, F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender Is the Night, as well as Ulysses, under a system of imposed censorship and discuss the methods I employ to evade it.When translating Ulysses, I have the additional challenge of transforming Joyce's unconventional literary style into a language that has a distinct culture, linguistic history, and syntactic structure. Joyce's experimental literary techniques, the novel's careful structuring, and its intricate wordplay prompts the Iranian translator to challenge the limitations of Persian prose. Therefore, I discuss the strategies I use to ensure that Persian readers encounter the translation in the same way that an English reader might interact with the source text.


Objective: The objective of this prospective randomized study was to compare outcome and complications between LGCP and LSG.
Patients and methods: This study was performed on 40 patients randomly categorized into 2 groups through a computer randomization program. Group P included 20 patients who underwent LGCP. This group was compared to 20 patients who underwent LSG. (Group S). The mean length of follow up was 65.1±15.7 and 63.9±15.6 months (P = 0.810).
Results: Mean operative time was 117±17.9 in group P and 111±17.3 minutes in group S (P = 0.31). Mean hospitalization time was 4.85±1.81 and 3.55±1.32 days (p = 0.013). Mean time for return to normal activity was19.2±3.69 and 18.9±4.29 days (p = 0. 0.81). There was no surgery related mortality. One at each group (5 %) needed conversion to open surgery. Eleven patients (55.0 %) in Group P and 5 patients (25.0 %) in the Group S had minor complications (p 0.02). One patient (5 %) in Group P had port-site bleeding. In Group S gastric leak occurred in 1 patient. She was treated by re-stapling the leak site and placing an abdominal drain. One patient in the group S required readmission during the first 30 days after surgery, for sub- phrenic abscess that was treated conservatively. (p: 0.41). During late follow-up, there were 3 surgical interventions, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done for cholelithiasis in one patient from each group and hernioplasty for umbilical port hernia was done to the other Group P patient. Loss of feeling of hunger at 6, 12 and 60 months postoperatively showed significant differences. The patients in Group S had a greater BMI loss and PEWL after surgery compared with those in Group P. No weight loss failure was observed in any patient of the two groups. After 12 months follow-up, the major comorbidities improved markedly in both groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The mean patient satisfaction score for was 8.75±1.35 versus 9.04±1 (p = 0.51).
Conclusion: LGCP is feasible and safe when applied to morbidly obese patients, but compared with LSG it is inferior to LSG as a restrictive procedure for weight loss, despite its less cost and simpler procedure.


The Engineering Accreditation Commission (EAC) of ABET does not currently allow dual-level accreditation. Engineering programs are either accredited at the basic level or the advanced level in specific disciplines at an institution.


The paper is devoted to the notion of the Other in the context of proximity and alterity interpreted by E. Levinas in his work Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence. The Other is regarded as a neighbor (le prochain) in relations one-for-the-other.The neighbor who is completely different from me. This mode of relations, when I am responsible for mistakes of others as a passive hostage (l'otage) without common presence and reciprocity – provokes a «latent birth of subject». Levinas reopens an embodied subjectivity, where proximity as subjectivity is realized not on the surface of consciousness and representation but «situated» in significance of vulnerability and suffering. The human subject is not reduced to the self-consciousness and the necessity of thematization; the meaning of the approach is not placed in the manifestation of Being but in extra-ordinary and ec-centric Otherwise than Being.


The Electricite de France`s N4 CHOOZ B nuclear power plant, two units of the world`s largest PWR model (1450 Mwe each), has earned the Electric Power International`s 1997 Powerplant Award. This lead NPP for EDF`s N4 series has been improved notably in terms of civil works. The presentation will focus on the Reactor Building`s inner containment wall which is one of the main civil structures on a technical and safety point of view. In order to take into account the necessary evolution of the concrete technical specification such as compressive strength low creep and shrinkage, the HSC/HPC has been used on the last N4 Civaux 2 NPP. As a result of the use of this type of professional concrete, the containment withstands an higher internal pressure related to severe accident and ensures higher level of leak-tightness, thus improving the overall safety of the NPP. On that occasion, a new type of prestressing has been tested locally through 55 C 15 S tendons using a new C 1500 FE Jack. These updated civil works techniques shall allow EDF to ensure a Reactor Containment lifespan for more than 50 years. The gains in terms of reliability and cost saving of these improvedmore » techniques will be developed hereafter.« less


Service quality is a form of patient assessment of the level of service received with the expected level of service. Satisfaction is a feeling of pleasure or disappointment that someone feels after comparing with the services provided. Patient satisfaction with the quality of health services is needed because it causes patients to be loyal to check their health at health care institutions. This study aims to determine the effect of service quality on patient satisfaction at Puskesmas ISO, and Non-ISO certified viewed from five dimensions of service quality, tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Data were collected using questionnaires, and samples were taken by purposive sampling in patients who were treated at Puskesmas who had met the requirements of 600 people, namely 300 people from Puskesmas ISO and 300 people from Non-ISO. Data were analysed by using simple linear regression test and multiple linear regression with the help of Amos version 22 software. The results of bivariate tests at Puskesmas ISO, all dimensions namely tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and quality of service influence patient satisfaction, while in Puskesmas Non-ISO all dimensions of service quality and service quality do not affect patient satisfaction. The key findings demonstrates quality of service in Puskesmas ISO is better and has an impact on patient satisfaction. This research's implication offers a guideline on issues of increasing patient satisfaction with the quality of health services, and it is essential for regulatory agencies to examine and improve the quality of public health services.


The optical rotatory dispersions of various anionic azo dye: serum albumin complexes outside the region of the dye absorption maxima have been reported to be significantly different from those of serum albumin solutions without dye. Since the dyes alone possessed almost no optical rotatory activity, the observed differences were thought to be the result of structural changes occurring in the serum albumin molecule upon the binding of dye.' To investigate the various factors influencing the optical rotation of dye protein complexes, we have initiated a study of the optical rotatory dispersion of complexes of dyes and high molecular weight water-soluble polypeptides of known structure and conformation. In this communication we describe the results with two cationic dyes and poly-a,L-glutamic acid (L-PGA). Experimental.-Commercial preparations of dyes were used: Acriflavine Neutral (National Aniline) and Rhodamine 6G (E. 1. du Pont). The sodium salt of polya,L-glutamic acid, sample R4273-112, prepared in the manner previously described2 was used to prepare the free acid (L-PGA). This sample has an intrinsic viscosity of 1.12 at pH 7.3 in 0.2 M NaCl from which a weight average molecular weight of 51,000 is estimated. A Rudolph spectropolarimeter with a mercury arc was used, and readings were taken at 230C (420). 1-mm, 1-cm, and 10-cm cells were used. The dye:PGA solutions were prepared and adjusted to pHs between 4.5 and 4.9 by slow addition of 0.1 N and 1 N HCl with constant stirring. The clear solutions were immediately used and were protected from light before measurements were made. Results.-The dyes alone showed no optical rotation. The optical rotatory dispersion of L-PGA alone in its helical conformation at pH 4.8 is shown in Figure 1 alone with that of the Acriflavine: L-PGA complex. This complex and the other (Table 1) show markedly anomalous optical rotatory dispersions in the wavelength regions corresponding to the dye absorption bands.


In this work, we proposed a new out-of-place resetting strategy that guides users to optimal physical locations with the most potential for free movement and a smaller amount of resetting required for their further movements. For this purpose, we calculate a heat map of the walking area according to the average walking distance using a simulation of the used RDW algorithm. Based on this heat map we identify the most suitable position for a one-step reset within a predefined searching range and use the one as the reset point. The results show that our method increases the average moving distance within one cycle of resetting. Furthermore, our resetting method can be applied to any physical area with obstacles. That means that RDW methods that were not suitable for such environments (e.g. Steer to Center) combined with our resetting can also be extended to such complex walking areas. In addition, we also present a resetting user interface to instruct users to move the nearby point, by using light spots to bring user a sense of relative displacement while the virtual scenario is still.


Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields, which disrupt cellular process critical for cancer cell survival and tumor progression. TTFields therapy is approved for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) and unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma, and is being tested in clinical studies for the treatment of other solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current study aimed to detect potential mechanisms that may reduce cellular sensitivity to TTFields, and target these pathways in order to re-sensitize the cells to TTFields. Cancer cells (Ovarian A2780, GBM U-87 MG, and NSCLC H1299) that display reduced sensitivity to TTFields were generated by continuous long-term TTFields application (7 or 13 days, depending on the cell line). A Luminex multiplex assay revealed activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in these cells, with significant increases in phosphorylation levels of AKT and RPS6. This elevation was also observed by immunohistochemistry in tumor sections from N1S1 HCC tumor-bearing rats treated with TTFields relative to sham. Treatment of cells with PI3K inhibitors re-sensitized them to TTFields and downregulated the phosphorylation of AKT. Concomitant application of TTFields with the PI3K inhibitor alpelisib in mice orthotopically implanted with MOSE-L firefly luciferase (FFL) ovarian cancer cells resulted in enhanced efficacy, as determined by In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) measurements of tumor volume. Overall, this study demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in reduced cancer cell sensitivity to long-term application of TTFields, and that re-sensitization may be achieved with relevant inhibitors. The results provide a rationale for further examining the potential benefit of TTFields concomitant with PI3K inhibitors.


HMB-45 monoclonal antibody is thought to be highly specific for melanocytic prolifer ations. In a recent study of two cases of hepatic and one case of renal angiomyolipoma, strong staining of lesional cells with this antibody was unexpectedly encountered. In follow-up evaluation, the authors studied 51 additional soft tissue, renal, and brain tumors and tumor-like processes, with emphasis on those with prominent vascular, myogenous, and fatty components or those known to be associated with tuberous sclerosis. Varying degrees of staining with HMB-45 were seen in 17 of the lesions tested. Strong staining with HMB-45 was demonstrated in four renal angiomyolipo mas. Clearly positive results were also obtained in three other processes associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex, including two cardiac rhabdomyomas and one tuberous lesion of the brain. Weak staining of several other mesenchymal and neural lesions was also observed. Electron microscopic studies showed a spectrum of granules within angiomyolipoma, some of which resembled melanosomes and others renin granules. Similar granules were observed in cardiac rhabdomyoma, cerebral tuberous lesions, and in subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. We propose that tuberous scleros is-associated tumors and tumor-like processes are interrelated, and that these and perhaps other mesenchymal proliferations may share components previously believed to be unique to melanocytic lesions. Int J Surg Pathol 1 (3):191-198, 1994


Magmas fracture under high shear stresses, producing radiating elastic waves. At the volcano scale, eruption is often preceded by accelerating seismicity, while at the laboratory scales, sample failure appears to be preceded by similarly accelerating Acoustic Emission (AE). In both cases, empirical relationships between the acceleration and the time of the singular final event have offered tantalizing possibilities for prediction of eruptions and material failure. We explore the success of these tools in the laboratory by briefly reviewing datasets that have been presented previously and comparing the range of errors on forecast times with the range of errors associated with attempts to retrospectively forecast eruptions. We demonstrate that the heterogeneity of a system is crucial to making accurate forecasts on the sample scale, such that homogeneous systems are inherently unpredictable. We then analyse the effect of having an incomplete data sequence, as might be the case for real-time forecasting scenarios. We find that for heterogeneous systems, there is a critical proportion of the sequence that needs to have occurred before a forecast time converges on relatively low errors. As might be expected, the final portion of the sequence is the most important, while uncertainty on the start of the sequence is less important. Finally, we explore the simplest method for scaling the laboratory results to the volcano scenario.


Disclosures Background: CLR 131 is a novel radioiodinated therapeutic that exploits the selective uptake and retention of phospholipid ethers (PLEs) by malignant cells. Uterine sarcoma (MES SA/Dx5) cells express high levels of P-gp and are known to be a doxorubicin resistant cell line. The cells exhibit a marked cross resistance to several chemotherapy drugs including vinblastine, Taxol , vincristine, etc. This study evaluates the e ect of repeated injections of CLR 131 in MES SA/Dx5 tumor bearing mice and evaluate the ability of CLR 131 to overcome resistance caused by over-expression of the P-gp Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) 'pump'. Methods: The MES SA/Dx5 cell line (human uterine sarcoma) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD) and maintained in McCoy's 5a media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Female athymic nude mice (Crl: NU-Foxn1nu); approximately 4-5 weeks of age and between 16-18 g (Charles River, Portage, MI) were injected subcutaneously with 2x10 viable cells (in ~100 μL Dulbecco's PBS) into the right ank. The study was initiated when tumor size had reached a pre-determined size (approximately 50-150 mm ). The mice were given potassium iodide at a concentration of 0.1% in their drinking water to block possible free iodide in the drug formulation. Doses of ~130 μCi and ~145 μCi of CLR 131were given at Day 0 and Day 7 (N = 6 in treatment group, N = 5 in control group). A single control dose of ~130 μCi of I-127-CLR1404 was given via tail vein injection on Day 0. Results: Tumor growth of the treatment group was signi cantly inhibited. The control group showed exponential growth throughout the study, increasing in volume by an average 21 fold from baseline to day 22 (all control mice died day 23). This compared with a 6 fold increase from baseline in the treatment group. ®


Qualification an ideal step for equipment validation is the action undertaken to demonstrate the intended use and performance of the utilities and equipment. The individual steps of qualification such as design, installation, operational and performance qualification were done in order to qualify the equipment. Blue print of equipment validation was also included. In this article the compression parameters such as compression force, turret rpm and feeder rpm were studied. The process capability of the equipment was studied by observing the weight of 20 tablets, disintegration time, friability, individual weight variation, thickness and hardness. These parameters were studied at three different speeds and the best results were obtained at the


Objective To explore the effect of naloxone (NLX) on patients with severe head injury and herniation of brain after the craniotomy. Methods A total of 108 patients with severe brain injury and herniation of brain were divided into 2groups: NLX group was treated with NLX and general therapy and control group was treated only by general therapy after the craniotomy. The abnormal respiration and heartbeat, recovery of consciousness at the early period and the prognosis at the later period were observed and all the data were analyzed statistically. Results The abnormal respiration and heartbeat of patients were significantly less in NLX group than in control group in the first 7d after injury(P<0.01). More patients revived in NLX group than in control group 14d and 1month after injury (P<0.05). The prognosis of NLX group was significantly better than that of control group 3months after injury (P<0.05). Conclusion The early administration of NLX in patients with severe head injury and herniation of brain after the craniotomy Can ameliorate the function of respiration and circulation, shorten the coma duration, reduce the incidence of disability and death, and improve the nerve function.

Key words:
Naloxone;  Craniacerebral trauma;  Cerebral hernia


1048Background: Trastuzumab is the most widely used anti-HER2 agent in patients (pts) with HER2-positive breast cancer, both in (neo)adjuvant and metastatic settings; however, drug resistance is in...


The article is devoted to the problem of representations of supreme authority in the Belarusian-Lithuanian chronicles through a prism of the notices about the gaining and deprivation of the power of the ruler. The author analyzed the first redaction of the Belarusian-Lithuanian chronicles that containing the "Chronicle of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania", the second redaction that containing the "Chronicle of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania" and the third redaction ("Bychowiec Chronicle"). The study highlighted several ways of the supreme authority's legitimation: by right of establishment, by right of inheritance, by right of conquest, by the acceptance of the local population, by the electoral way, by the coup if the organizers of it belonging to the ruling dynasty. It should be noted that the way of justifying the right to power through to underscores of blood ties and prince's enthronement of the son of the previous ruler or less often brother is the main way of gaining the power in the chronicles. The article gives a detailed analysis of features of the chronicle notices about the coronation of the representatives of the Gediminids dynasty. In addition, the notices about the deprivation of the authority usually as a result of the death of the ruler are investigated in the article. Notices of the death of the ruler in contradistinction to notices about the enthronement are mainly the fact statements. In the most complete form, the notes of the death of the ruler include the information about a long successful reign, facts of the ruler death and information about the birth and enthronement of the successor.


A new species of rock wallaby, Petrogale persephone, is described from Proserpine, central Queensland. It is distinguished from all known species of rock wallabies by the following combination of characters: absence of distinctive pelage markings except the dark axillary patch and light facial stripe ; ears uniform brownish orange; dorsal surface of body uniformly brown or light platinum; large premolar; ectotympanic ring incomplete or nearly so, not fused to posterior end of zygomatic arch (squamosal); small median pterygoid process arising from lingual flank of pterygoid while lateral pterygoid process is low flattened remnant arising from ventral end of pterygoid next to palatine. The new species appears to be rare and may be endangered as it is known from only two localities near Proserpine where it may be sympatric with Petrogale inornata Gould, 1842.


While all Safety performance is strongly affected by mental states--from driving accidents, struck by/against, and slips/trips/falls to hand injuries, etc.--soft-tissue injuries are especially so. We've found state of mind affects numerous critical actions--planning out positions, work set-up, selecting techniques to employ, redirecting force, choosing alternative actions as loads shift or footing changes, as well as pain tolerance and more.


Abstract We describe three new species of the Neotropical ant genus Leptanilloides: Leptanilloides gracilis sp. n. based on workers from Mexico and Guatemala, Leptanilloides erinys sp. n. based on workers and a gyne from Ecuador, and Leptanilloides femoralis sp. n. based on workers from Venezuela. The description of Leptanilloides gracilis is a northern extension of the known range of the genus, now numbering eleven described species. We also describe and discuss three unassociated male morphotypes from Central America. We report the occurrence of a metatibial gland in Leptanilloides and a fused promesonotal connection (suture) in some species. We provide a modified, detailed diagnosis of the genus and a revised key to the worker caste of the known species.


The authors describe a novel conceptual multistage topology of a sinewave-modulated DC-LFAC (DC-low-frequency AC) power conversion conditioning and processing system, which incorporate a phase-shifting PWM (pulsewidth modulation) series-resonant cycloinverter (inverter-coupled cycloconverter cascade circuit) with a high-frequency AC (HFAC) transformer link. Its advanced hardware of system control implementation uses instantaneous sinewave-modulated voltage regulation and compensation strategies, depending upon load disturbance and input DC voltage fluctuation, as well as an instantaneous power regenerating regulation scheme. A newly proposed breadboard using MOS-gate power transistor modules is demonstrated and experimentally tested for high-power-density AC mini-uninterruptible power supply. This series resonant cycloinconverter with HFAC link, which includes the control function of a bidirectional power flow, is evaluated as an AC power supply system for telecommunication and spacestation/aerospace energy situations in the next generation.<<ETX>>


value in terms of lipid and protein fraction respectively, whereas A. officinalis gave maximum caloric value for carbohydrate (Table 2). While studying the energy values of detrital matter from Cochin Backwater, it was observed that the detritus had a protein value ranging from 123·17 to 331'66 caljg dry weightll. Mangrove foliage seems to have a low caloric value for proteins but considerably high values for carbohydrate and lipid (Table 2). The caloric values of mangrove leaves were also calculated from its carbon content by using the equation given for zooplankton equivalent12• Caljg dry weight = -227+152 (% carbon)


Costs of quality are part of total expenses which appear by ensuring satisfying quality and gaining confidence in it, and include the losses when quality is not achieved. The concept of cost of quality is complex and integral, and within this concept is certain division into simpler forms, which need to be known and properly interpreted. Quality cost optimization is a process of balancing the number of spending resources that ensures the achievement of a quality level that means meeting a costumers requirement, and is interpreted as maximizing the quality level while minimizing total cost of quality. The objective of this diploma thesis is representing the relationship between costs and quality, and how this effects business.


The group velocity of high-frequency sound for $T\ensuremath{\ll}{T}_{c}$, and the group velocity and attenuation of sound at higher temperatures, have been measured and analyzed to give the frequencies and coupling strengths of two order-parameter collective modes in $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$B$. For the squashing mode at 13.1 bars and $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, $\frac{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{sq}}}{{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\mathrm{BCS}}}=1.501$ and the coupling constant ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{sq}}=0.010\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001$. The recently discovered collective mode at $\frac{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}}{{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\mathrm{BCS}}}=1.075$ ($T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$) has a coupling constant determined from the group velocity to be ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}=5.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$.


In this demo we present IRIS, an open-source framework that provides a set of simple and modular document operators that can be combined in various ways to create more interesting and advanced functionality otherwise unavailable during most information search sessions. Those functionalities include summarization, ranking, filtering and query. The goal is to support users looking for, collecting, and synthesizing information. The system is also easily extendable, allowing for customized functionality for users during information sessions and researchers studying higher levels of abstraction for information retrieval. The demo shows the front end interactions using a browser plug-in that offers new interactions with documents during search sessions, as well as the back-end components driving the system.


The determination of scour characteristics in the downstream of sluice gate is highly important for designing and protection of hydraulic structure. The applicability of modern data-intelligence technique known as extreme learning machine (ELM) to simulate scour characteristics has been examined in this study. Three major characteristics of scour hole in the downstream of a sluice gate, namely the length of scour hole (Ls), the maximum scour depth (Ds), and the position of maximum scour depth (Lsm), are modeled using different properties of the flow and bed material. The obtained results using ELM were compared with multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS). The dimensional analysis technique was used to reduce the number of input variable to a smaller number of dimensionless groups and both the dimensional and non-dimensional variables were used to model the scour characteristics. The prediction performances of the developed models were examined using several statistical metrics. The results revealed that ELM can predict scour properties with much higher accuracy compared to MARS. The errors in prediction can be reduced in the range of 79%–81% using ELM models compared to MARS models. Better performance of the models was observed when dimensional variables were used as input. The result indicates that the use of ELM with non-dimensional data can provide high accuracy in modeling complex hydrological problems.


The discovery and development of a new class of Ru-based catalysts for olefin metathesis is described. These catalysts, particularly those that do not bear a phosphine ligand, have been demonstrated to promote unique levels of reactivity in a variety of olefin metathesis reactions. The design and development of supported and chiral optically pure variants of this class of Ru catalysts for use in enantioselective metathesis are discussed as well. All catalysts are air stable, reusable, and can be employed with unpurified solvents.


This doctoral thesis has the objective to analyze the cultural contents included in five text books of Spanish as a Foreign Language aimed at Portuguese students of various nonuniversity educational levels. Before scrutinizing the selected works, the concept of culture applied to language teaching was defined and the complications arisen when this type of issues is to be included in the daily praxis of the one in charge of the teaching process is to be assessed. These issues have to do mainly with questions related to the set of contents which must be taught, its assessment, the focus which should be applied, and, furthermore, the limitations displayed by the text books concerning this subject. These difficulties cause doubts and insecurities which lead the teachers into dealing with such contents with a certain degree of superficiality or even to erase them, although they are, in our perspective, of primary necessity to the study of the language and have, at the same time, so often been ignored. Thus, we reckon it to be possible to assert that the cultural element still remains, to a large extent, absent from the language teaching. On the other hand, the omission of cultural information, the trivial approach which is generally granted to date concerning target culture or the inclusion of stereotypes in the text books decisively influence the static, partial and artificial image of the 'Other' which is thus offered. This is so when we are confronted with the picture which, in numerous didactic works aiming at the study of the Spanish language, is offered of Spain thus contributing to the idea of the country that, at an international level, has been created. After the theoretical approach of the concepts and aspects related to the teaching of the target culture, an individual and minute examination of the cultural contents was carried out by means of a table which permitted to have access to quantitative data which we did try and interpret in order to bring forth the following aspects: the type of prevalent culture, the language level in which cultural contents are to be introduced, the way the latter occur in the various didactic units in the text books, the treatment they are allowed as well as the image of the Spanish culture which is delivered. This analysis has permitted a thorough outlook concerning the presence as well as the importance which is given to the cultural contents in the works analyzed, since they are the carriers of a particular image of Spain which roughly corresponds to the pre-conceived ideas the Portuguese have of the country. Key-Words: Culture, cultural contents, teaching of Spanish as a Foreign Language, image, stereotype and text books.


Environmental data were obtained on the nodule fields of the Clipperton‐Clarion Fracture Zone at 5,000‐m depth in June 2004 during the Nodinaut cruise. The long‐term effects of physical disturbance made by a dredge 26 yr ago on the sediment were investigated. We focused our study on its track, which is still visible on the bottom. The first major consequence of the passage of this equipment was to remove 4 cm ± 0.5 cm of superficial sediment. The physical and chemical properties of this disturbed sediment sampled in the track did not change significantly over time and has not shown any recovery since the disturbance. However, an exception was observed for depth variations of manganese concentration in the sediment, which were similar in the track to those in the surrounding undisturbed sediment and can be explained by the diffusion over time of oxygen from the sea water. On the other hand, the biological activity measured in the track with the respirometer RAP2 carried by the submersible Nautile did not differ from the unperturbed site, which suggests that the benthic fauna has completely recovered, as have nutrient fluxes at the water–sediment interface.


Background: Both high insulin resistance and low insulin secretion are the causes of diabetes mellitus. Japanese level of insulin secretion said to be lower than Western people. However, the association between insulin resistance, secretion and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke in non-diabetic population remains unknown.

Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that each higher insulin resistance and lower insulin secretion is associated with increased risk of CHD even in non-diabetic population.

Methods: A prospective study of Japanese subjects aged 40-79 years was undertaken using data collected from 5,639 participants (1,971 men and 3,668 women) who had no past history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus in cardiovascular risk surveys conducted in three communities of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) in 2000 and 2001. Insulin resistance was calculated on the basis of fasting glucose (mg/dL) and insulin levels (μU/mL) according to the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-r) method: glucose x insulin / 405. The HOMA-beta cell function (HOMA-b) was calculated by using the following formula: 360 x fasting insulin (μU/mL) / (fasting glucose (mg/dL) - 63). Each incidence of CHD and stroke was ascertained by systematic surveillance. The hazard ratios (HRs) of incidence of CHD and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in log(HOMA-r) and in log(HOMA-b) were calculated with adjustment for age and other potential confounding factors using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results: During an average follow up of 9.8-years, 39 incident CHD (including 23 myocardial infarction) and 123 incident stroke occurred. Higher insulin resistance tended to increase risk of CHD or myocardial infarction, but all HRs did not reach statistical significance. The multivariable HRs in log(HOMA-r) for risk of CHD were 1.30(95% CI: 0.23 to 7.42) for men, 2.84(0.60 to 13.56) for women, and 1.56(0.40 to 6.04) for total subjects. The corresponding HRs of myocardial infarction were 3.73(0.31 to 44.87) for men, 2.45(0.46 to 12.98) for women, and 2.71(0.48 to 15.36) for total subjects. Lower insulin secretion associated with risk of CHD or myocardial infarction, and some of HRs reached statistical significance. The multivariable HRs in log(HOMA-b) for risk of CHD were 1.17(0.56 to 2.45) for men, 0.31(0.10 to0.96, p=0.042) for women, and 0.75(0.40 to1.42) for total subjects. The corresponding HRs of myocardial infarction were 0.53(0.18 to1.53) for men, 0.31(0.07 to 1.35) for women, and 0.42(0.18 to1.00, p=0.049) for total subjects. There was no interaction between HOMA-r and HOMA-b. HOMA-r and HOMA-b did not associated with incidence of stroke.

Conclusions: Lower insulin secretion may be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease among non-diabetic Japanese population.


Abstract The distribution of heavy metals in the surface water of one of Europes most highly industrialised estuaries, the Tees, has been investigated. 182 samples of water were collected from seven positions during a tidal cycle and analysed for cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, mercury, nickel and zinc. The results indicate a complex distribution pattern for most of the metals, but average levels that should not cause deleterious effects on marine life.


The shoots of Salvia officinalis growing in MS liquid medium supplemented with IAA 0.1 mg l-1) and BAP (0.45 mg l-1) were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to increase production of compounds with antioxidant activity (carnosic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid). The increase in metabolite production depended on MeJA concentration, the period of exposure to elicitor and type of compound. The MeJA action was observed 24 h after elicitation. It was found that the maximum level of diterpenoids, calculated as the sum of CA and Car (about 8 mg g-1 dry wt) was achieved at 3 days after elicitation with 20 μM methyl jasmonate. The highest amount of rosmarinic acid (about 41 mg g-1 dry wt) was achieved with 50 or 100 μM methyl jasmonate on the 5th day after elicitation. It was almost 2-fold higher compared to the control (cultures treated with only ethanol).


In many current linguistic theories, language users produce and understand sentences without necessarily decomposing them into just 'words' and 'rules'; rather, multi-word units may function as the elementary building blocks (Goldberg, 1995; Kay and Fillmore, 1997; Stefanowitsch and Gries, 2003). A growing literature is emerging which focuses on "idiosyncratic interpretations that cross word boundaries (or spaces)" (Sag et al., 2002) also referred to as multi-word expressions (MWEs) . An important question for computational linguistics is how to identify such building blocks using statistical regularities in large corpora (Zuidema, 2006; Ramisch et al., 2012). In our work, we investigate ways of automatically detecting MWEs in large treebanks using Tree Substitution Grammars (TSGs) (Bod et al., 2003). In a TSG, the symbolic grammar is a bag of fragments which are arbitrarily large syntactic constructions extracted from a treebank. They can include any number of lexical units, with possible intervening gaps, and are therefore very suitable to represent MWEs ranging from fixed idiomatic cases such as "kick the bucket" to more flexible expressions such as "break X up" or even longer constructions such as "everything you always wanted to know about X but were afraid to ask." Since extracting all possible fragments from a large treebank is impossible (the number of possible fragments grows exponentially with the size of a tree) it is necessary to work with a restricted set of fragments. Several sampling methods have been proposed (Bod, 2001; Zuidema, 2007; Cohn et al., 2010), but all include some limitations (e.g., use of random sampling methods, restriction in the size of the fragments, number of lexical items). For extracting the fragments, we choose to employ FragmentSeeker1 (Sangati et al., 2010), which considers only those fragments which occur two or more times in the treebank. This is an ideal constraint if we want to assume that a necessary condition for a fragment to yield a MWE is to recur multiple times in a representative corpus. This is also one of the original motivations behind the Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP) framework (Bod, 1992) based on TSGs, in which "idiomaticity is the rule rather than the exception" (Scha, 1990). For instance, if we have seen the MWE "pain in the neck" several times before, we should store the whole fragment for later use. FragmentSeeker is based on an efficient tree-kernel dynamic programming algorithm, which compares every pair of trees of a given treebank and computes the list of fragments which they have in common. This algorithm is an extension of previous work on tree kernels (Collins and Duffy, 2001). While in the original work kernels are used to numerically quantify the similarity between two trees, in the current project the algorithm identifies the actual constructions they share, i.e. the recurring fragments. However, the complexity of the extraction algorithm is quadratic in the size of the treebank. In a recent effort, van Cranenburgh (2014) The tool is publicly available at http://http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/fsangati


The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic and kinetic differences between American and Japanese baseball pitchers. Kinematic and kinetic data were analyzed for 11 American pitchers (21±2 y, 190±6 cm, 93±9 kg) and 11 Japanese pitchers (21±1 y, 180±6 cm, 81±7 kg) using 3D motion capture (480 Hz). The American pitchers generated faster ball velocities and increased throwing arm kinetics. At foot contact, the Japanese pitchers had longer stride length, greater shoulder external rotation, and greater elbow flexion. At the instant of maximum shoulder external rotation, American pitchers had less elbow flexion and greater pelvis rotation velocity. The kinematic and kinetic differences seen here may suggest a difference in pitching styles or training between cultures.


In the original configuration, one proprietary "box" controlled not only TAM's lights and rotation, but also the audio and video tapes. The "box" could only play one program, and it hadn't been changed since the system had been installed over 15 years ago. The health education staff wanted to update the content of the audio-video, but this required more than just a new video tape – it required new hardware. Sonar Studios agreed to work with the teachers at the center to develop a new script, and turn this script into digital video. But a new interface between the computer sourcing the digital video and TAM was also needed. Part of the new interface was given as a class project in an upper level course. System Overview


The invention relates to a hydraulic oil control system, in particular to a hydraulic oil temperature control system capable of manually controlling the temperature of hydraulic oil in an oil tank in different temperature environments. The hydraulic oil temperature control system comprises the oil tank, an oil pump and a master oil temperature control device, an oil outlet is formed in the bottom of the oil tank, a return oil filter is arranged at the top of the oil tank, a heating device used for heating hydraulic oil and a temperature sensor used for measuring the temperature of the hydraulic oil in the oil tank are arranged on the oil tank, and the master oil temperature control device is electrically connected with the heating device and the temperature sensor and used for setting temperature and controlling the heating device to heat. The heating device is directly arranged on the oil tank to heat the hydraulic oil in the backflow process or directly heat the hydraulic oil in the oil tank, so that the temperature of the hydraulic oil is controlled effectively to enable the oil temperature in a hydraulic system to be kept within a temperature range required for working, and further faults of the hydraulic system are reduced.


The space–time variability of precipitation over East Africa during the two rainy seasons (April and October–November) is investigated using a network of 56 stations for the period 1972–1983 and 32 stations for the period 1932–1983. The analysis relies on a model of two-mode variance with rotation, which determines homogeneous groups of stations having a common time evolution.

During April, three components represent a large part of the variance with their cores (i) near the Zanzibar channel, (ii) the Kenyan-Tanzanian highlands and eastern Lake Victoria, and (iii) the southern part of the Tanzanian highlands. During the October–November rainy season, rainfall is more homogeneously distributed. The first component takes account of 60 per cent of the variance and encompasses a large part of the domain, except southern inland Tanzanian stations and western and northern Ugandan stations.

Spectral analysis of the time series associated with the space component reveals peaks around 5–6 years, which appears to be the major periodicity over East Africa.


ABSTRACT Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) cDNA clones were isolated from a human placental cDNA library using synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. All four positive clones isolated contained an...


There are several methods to heat or to reduce overheating of inner spaces in buildings,
one of the promising techniques is the use of simple uncovered roof collector as nocturnal
radiators in areas where clear sky condition are frequent. Simple uncovered roof collectors
acting also as night-sky radiators and heat exchangers with the ambient air offer a simple
and cheap solution to maintain human comfort in buildings among Syrian climatic conditions.
A computerized design method has been worked out to predict the heating and cool-
ing performance of roof collectors. The method is based on mass flow network model, the
simultaneous model is built up from thermal and hydrodynamical part models connected by
dual-function elements.
The solar system consists of two parts: the hydrodynamical part model is a mass flow
network model, modelling also the executional functions of the control system and serving
to determine the branch mass flows.
The temperature variations of the flowing medium are determined by means of the
thermal part model built up from the heat flow network model of the storage, heat exchanger
and consumption.


Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a disease very frequently encountered by otorhinolaryngologists. According to Ponikau et al. fungi are accused to trigger eosinophilic CRS. Other authors quote fungi to cause CRS in only upto 10%. In Germany, data concerning fungal rhinosinusitis in CRS patients are rare. Therefore, a study on 51 patients with CRS and 10 controls was conducted. Nasal mucus was collected by cotton sponges (group A, n = 39) or by flushing the nose (group B, n = 12), the controls were treated respectively. Nasal secretions were processed for microbiology, fungal cultivation and cytology. Fungi and eosinophiles were visualised by microscopic study of smears in Pappenheim and Grocott. Skin prick tests and specific IgE measurements were done to evaluate an atopy. Five (12%) patients in group A and 1 patient (8%) in group B had positive fungal cultures. Altogether, from 6 (12%) patients with CRS and 2 controls fungi were cultivated. The species identified were Aspergillus, Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Candida, Cladosporium, Penicillium. Fourteen (36%) patients in group A and 2 (16%) in group B showed fungi on microscopic examination. So, in 16 (31%) patients with CRS fungi were found in the cytological preparations, 1 control was positive. In 3 patients, skin prick tests and specific antigen against fungi correlated with the microscopic and mycological findings. Our data indicate that allergic fungal rhinosinusitis can occur in 6% of CRS. In 31% of CRS fungi were found in nasal mucus. If in such patients conventional treatment fails, new therapeutic strategies could be of relevance.


Mobile and pervasive computing is one of the recent paradigms available in the area of information technology. The role of pervasive computing is foremost in the field where it provides the ability to distribute computational services to the surroundings where people work and leads to issues such as trust, privacy, and identity. To provide an optimal solution to these generic problems, the proposed research work aims to implement a deep learning-based pervasive computing architecture to address these problems. Long short-term memory architecture is used during the development of the proposed trusted model. The applicability of the proposed model is validated by comparing its performance with the generic back-propagation neural network. This model results with an accuracy rate of 93.87% for the LSTM-based model much better than 85.88% for the back-propagation-based deep model. The obtained results reflect the usefulness and applicability of such an approach and the competitiveness against other existing ones.


The standard inputs given to a quantum machine are classical binary strings. In this view, any quantum complexity class is a collection of subsets of {0, 1} � . However, a quantum machine can also accept quantum states as its input. T. Yamakami has introduced a general framework for quantum operators and inputs [18]. In this paper we present several quantum languages within this model and by generalizing the complexity classes QMA and QCMA we analyze the complexity of the introduced languages. We also discuss how to derive a classical language from a given quantum language and as a result we introduce new QCMA and QMAlanguages.


The system of Civil Procuratorial Supervision of our country has t he characteristics of Supervision afterwards.open-dated protest and starting retr ial unconditionally.But there exists a series of problems in the judicial practi ce of the system because of legislaive carelessness.The master idea to improve t he sysem of civil procuatorial supervision of our country is:narrowing the range of civil procuratorial supervision.People's Procuratorate should mainly concent rate on the civil suits involving public rights while the party of civil suits i nvolving personal rights should apply to People's Court for a retrial:granting P eople's Procuatorate more procuratorial ways and rights in the course of civil p rocuratorial supervision:intensifying the supervision over judicial officer's ac tion seriously against professional duties.


Formic acid, activated by acetic anhydride and a base, was employed as a CO surrogate to deoxygenate nitroarenes to nitrosoarenes, a reaction catalyzed by a palladium/phenanthroline complex in the homogeneous phase. Nitrosoarenes were trapped by conjugated dienes to give 3,6‐dihydro‐2H‐[1,2]‐oxazines. The latter were then transformed into N‐arylpyrroles employing CuCl as the catalyst. The reaction was designed to give the best results for pyrroles lacking any substituent in the 2 and 5 positions, which are difficult to produce employing most pyrrole syntheses.


Abstract Native stream fish zoogeography has changed substantially across North America during the last century because habitat degradation, stream fragmentation and introductions of nonnative species have led to numerous extinctions, extirpations, and altered distributions. Insufficient information regarding imperiled species often results in reactive, rather than proactive, management, and knowledge of species status and ecology is critical in identifying conservation priorities. We used fish collection records and a habitat assessment to update the status of five fishes of conservation interest in South Dakota (Northern Redbelly Dace Chrosomus eos, Finescale Dace Chrosomus neogaeus, Northern Pearl Dace Margariscus nachtriebi, Blacknose Shiner Notropis heterolepis, and Plains Topminnow Fundulus sciadicus). We compiled records from previous collections within the White, Little White, and Keya Paha River Basins in South Dakota as well as adjoining and neighboring drainage basins in Nebraska. We also sampled fish and habitat at 42 stream reaches within the White, Little White, and Keya Paha river basins during 2010–2012, focusing on tributary streams. We detected all target species except for Finescale Dace. All species preferred tributary streams over larger rivers (third order or greater). All target species except Blacknose Shiner exhibited patchy distribution and abundance patterns, normally occurring at low relative abundance where present but occasionally detected at moderate to high relative abundance. Each target species was limited to landscapes with perennial, springfed streams that are not present in neighboring drainages. This study updates the distribution of conservation listed species, identifies landscape level habitat filters, and offers guidance for conservation and research efforts.


The canine parvovirus strain JL0911 was isolated by our lab with some mutations in the main epitopes compared to the classical CPV strains isolated in China.This canine parvovirus strain could not be classified into CPV-2a,CPV-2b or CPV-2c.The aim of this study is to develop an inactivated vaccine with the JL0911 canine parvovirus strain.The canine parvovirus JL0911 was prepared in F81 cells and inactivated by formalin.A kind of nanometer adjuvant prepared by our lab was mixed with the inactivated canine parvovirus with the proportion of 1∶4.Dogs were vaccinated with 1.5 mL of this vaccine and the neutralizing antibody was detected by virus neutralization test in the F81 cell line.The results showed that the neutralizing antibody titers of the experimental dogs were elevated significantly after vaccinated 14 days by the inactivated vaccination.The most significant elevation was 29.This indicated that the canine parvovirus strain JL0911 was potential for developing inactivated vaccine with high performance.


Cirrhosis of the liver is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young children below 5 years of age in India. The clinical findings and histopathological features are pathognomonic and unusual.1-3The involvement of multiple systems, the presence of hypergammaglobulinemia, and progressive fatal course suggest the contribution of immunological processes in this syndrome. In an earlier communication we described elevated serum immunoglobulin values, the presence of metabolic conversion products of the β1cfraction, smooth muscle autoantibodies, and markedly reduced serum complement values in such patients. Furthermore, hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) was detected in six of 30 patients with cirrhosis, compared with none out of 30 controls. If the association of the hepatitis antigen with Indian childhood cirrhosis is causal, one must explain the persistence of the virus antigen in the serum of such patients who were exposed early in life in order to have shown liver cell damage


Abstract This article analyses the landmark European Court of Human Rights case of Genovese v. Malta, which made an invaluable contribution to the field of nationality law. For the first time the European Court clearly ruled that (access to) nationality falls under the scope of protection of the ECHR as part of a person's social identity, which in turn is part of that person's private life. In this article, the authors analyse the case itself as well as its consequences for the nationality laws of several European countries.


With the growth spurt of total number of Internet users, the scale of e-commerce transactions is increasing and is also increasingly showing its unique advantage. The e-commerce has become the new trading patterns which many companies chasing. This paper analyzes the new requirements of enterprise financial management in e-business environment, combined with e-commerce features proposed the construction of a network-based e-commerce system and financial security system; the establishment of financial risk early warning mechanism; reconstruction of organizational structure, optimize business processes ; innovative financial management, promote the fine countermeasures to promote the sustainable development for new enterprises.


The magnitude and direction of uniaxial tensile stresses in thin plates were measured using SH0 waves exited by an electromagnetic transducer with periodic permanent magnet array. Analyzing the measured velocity anisotropy of SH0 waves, we can separate the difference of principal stresses from the texture-induced anisotropy. In this case, knowledge of the stress-free state is unnecessary. This technique also makes it possible to estimate the principal direction, even when it doesnot coincide with the rolling direction. We tested specimens made of alluminum alloy, stainless steel, and mild steel. We were successful in obtaining stress measurements with sufficient accuracy for alluminum-alloy and stainlesssteel specimens. However, stress measurement was difficult for mild steel in which residual magnetization was present.


The kinetics of ethane oxidation was studied at 320, 340, 353 and 380°C, mixture composition 2 C2H6 + 1 O2, and total pressure 609 torr. It was found that at 320°C CH2O and CH3CHO were branching agents. A series of experiments was conducted on 2C2H6 + O2 oxidation in the presence of 0.7% 14C-labeled ethylene. The ethylene oxide was found to form only from C2H4, formaldehyde formed from C2H4 and C2H6; and CH3CHO, C2H5OH, and CH3OH formed only from ethane. The formation rates of C2H4, C2H4O, and CH2O were calculated by the kinetic tracer method. At 320°C the fraction of oxygen-containing products formed from C2H4 was 16–18%, and at 353 and 380°C it was 30–40%.


Weaning is generally practiced in dairy and beef cattle for achieving better growth rates by giving balance feed in foreign countries. In indigenous dairy cattle it is necessary to evaluate the effect of weaning and suckling on calf growth parameters and reproductive performance of dams. Fifty eight primiparous Gir cows and their calves were taken in to consideration for the study of these two managemental system including disease resistance and its effect on milk yield and lactation length. Significant differences (P <0.05) were observed in average daily weight gain (0.320±0.011 vs 0.440±0.011 g), weekly body weight gain (2.21±0.080 vs 3.09±0.78 kg) and total weight gain after 3 months of study period (28.70±1.036 vs 40.18±1.019 kg) in favour of calves that sucked their dams. Among two groups of cows, lower incidence of mastitis was recorded in suckled as compared to weaned group of cows and diarrhoea was a less frequent problem in calves of suckling system. By suckling in Gir cows significantly more milk (1540.51±135.69 lit) could be harvested as compared to weaning group (992.27±257.57 lit). However, five cows in weaned group also attained exceptionally higher milk yield with greater lactation days. The mean calving interval (501.83±18.38 vs 407.90±16.89 days) and lactation length (338.03±23.45 vs 210.19±36.823 days) were significantly higher in suckled than the weaned cows. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate these two managemental systems thoroughly for the economics of milk production and calf raising in indigenous primiparous Gir cows.


Optimal control problems involving differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) have been the focus of many research papers during the last years. First of all, theory for a linear-quadratic regulator was provided, then some generalizations were made for a general nonlinear problem. Soon it was discovered that optimal control theory for systems described by DAEs is complex because higher index systems have to be converted to index one systems and this usually requires differentiation of algebraic equations. As a result of this conversion control variables must be smooth enough to allow the differentiation otherwise systems response can have impulses not only in control variables but also in state trajectories. The assumption that control variables have higher order derivatives, or even that they are smooth, is too restrictive for real applications. In this paper we introduce a class of systems described by DAEs that can be optimized under reasonable assumptions.<<ETX>>


Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are persistent contaminants that are widely distributed in the global environment. Despite the fact that these chemicals have been manufactured and used for ove ...


An object of the present invention is to provide a bra that provides a comfortable and sufficient support. An exercise brassiere with engineering in formed laminated material was integral continuous frame portion and a molded cup, provides a lightweight, breathable supporting, an operation control. The frame portion, in the different areas of the brassiere, the extensible region, and a non-extensible region, together with and a reinforcing region, and the combined chest band, a shoulder strap, molded cup mounted front and an exoskeleton. Exoskeleton includes an adjustable fastening strap extending downward and front center point across the front of the chest band. Tightening band provides an adjustable fastening of a support, a sufficient separation of the breast. The molded cup and the exoskeleton, to realize the included follicle of each breast, both the fastening of the breast for operation control. .FIELD 1


The invention relates to a yarn twisting device preventing nozzle blockage. The device comprises at least one yarn twisting structure, a first wetting structure, a first fluid supply device, a first tension sensor and a control device, wherein the yarn twisting structure twists a first fiber and a second fiber into a yarn which passes through a nozzle of the yarn twisting structure and is sprayed out of the yarn twisting structure; the first wetting structure is arranged in the yarn twisting structure, and the first fiber passes through the first wetting structure; the first fluid supply device is connected with the first wetting structure; the first tension sensor measures a first tension of the first fiber and sends a first tension sensing signal; and the control device receives the first tension sensing signal and drives the first fluid supply device to convey a first washing agent to the first wetting structure. Through the invention, after the yarn is twisted, the oil attached to the first fiber is prevented from forming dirt in the yarn twisting structure, and the nozzle blockage is avoided, thereby reducing the nozzle removing and cleaning times and improving the yarn production efficiency.


In this lecture note we define the S bases for the spaces of tempered distributions.These new bases are the analogous of Hilbert bases of separable Hilbert spaces for the continuous case (they are indexed by m-dimensional Euclidean spaces) and enjoy properties similar to those shown by algebraic bases in the finite dimensional case.The S bases are one possible rigorous and extremely manageable mathematical model for the "physical" bases used in Quantum Mechanics.


This references contains sections titled: A. Books B. General C. Per-Unit-Length Parameters D. Cable Harnesses E. Ribbon Cables F. Shielded Wires G. Twisted Pairs of Wires H. Effects of Incident Fields I. Printed Circuit Boards J. Power Transmission Lines


We have measured the �21 cm line of Galactic H i over more than 50 square degrees in the direction of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The data show no evidence of H i associated with the dwarf spheroidal which might be consider analogous to the Magellanic Stream as it is associated in both position and velocity with the Large Magellanic Cloud. Nor do the H i data show evi- dence for any disturbance in the Milky Way disk gas that can be unambiguously assigned to interaction with the dwarf galaxy. The data shown here limit the H i mass at the velocity of the Sagittarius dwarf to < 7000 M⊙ over some 18 square degrees between Galactic latitudes 13 ◦ and 18. 5.


The recoiling tension control on aluminum strip slitting line is the key technology for obtaining excellent quality of products.The air suction roller and its work principle have been introduced,and the tension mechanics of the strip has been analyzed emphatically.The formula of strip tension generated by suction roller has been settled for the first time,the influencing parameters of recoiling tension are discussed and analyzed,and the parameters are suitable to control and calibrate the motor power.Some suggestions have been put forward in order to ensure setting the reasonable tension which can help the recoiled strip to get high-quality.


Odds and Clocks explores different versions of reality as they emerge through Annabel, Beatrice and Charlie's attempts to construct meaning and make sense of the world. As soon as the characters of the play find themselves trapped in a dark, empty space, they realize that they cannot explain their situation or even tell with conviction who they are themselves so they commence a game of role–playing with the aim of materializing their aspirations. It is Annabel, through the telling of an unusual kidnapping story, who manages momentarily to form a compelling truth that best serves her personal agenda. However, the supremacy of a single truth presupposes the exercise of power over the others and Annabel's actions result in Beatrice's eradication and Charlie's humiliation. Annabel finally recognizes the futility of her endeavor and disappears. At the end, Beatrice reappears with a new version of the world as a circus; a terrain of experience and plurality.


The agricultural policy in Spain has been involved in substantial changes which have implied some adjustments on the levels of support and its instruments. After the "Mid Term Review" of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) more and more of its instruments are applied with varied intensity at the regional level. In this context, an information system about agricultural support that allows the monitoring and evaluation of the support and its regional distribution becomes necessary. This work makes use of the progress undertaken by OECD in defining a methodology to estimate support to the agricultural sector.


A hybrid InP/SiN tunable laser based on microring resonators exhibiting 40mW fiber-coupled output power and 5kHz linewidth is demonstrated. The device shows performance comparable with commercial external cavity lasers in 90GBd 64QAM coherent system


Allergic rhinitis is charactcri/cd by tiiucosal intlatntiiatioti atid plastna CMKlatioti has lotig been considered as a earditKil factor of this. A role lor exuded plastna proteins atid peptides in rhinitis is supported by substantial accutnulation of data. In this issue of the journal S\enssoii (7 al. demonstrate the tesults of histamineinduced airway exudation of plasma in subjects with seasonal rhinitis [1]. The authors ha\e shown that nasal challenge with histamine in subjects with rhinitis induced dosc-iclated increase in lavage fluid levels of proteins of \arious si/es. Furthennore. this exudatnc responsi\eness was foutid to be tnore pronounced during season. Repeateii nasal la\age was used as the method of plasma exudation and albumin, lihnnogen and M2-niacroglobulin were used as plastna tnarkeis. I he tinding of pronouneed plastna exuilaiive tesponsi\eness in this study supports the view of alteicd endorgan physiological responsivetiess during allergen expiisure. i.e. hyperresponsiveness. These lintlings are hound to stitnulate discussion about the factors inlluencing plasma exudation in allergic rhinitis. The process ol undeislanding the roles of microcirculalion in the deselopmenl of nasal hyperreactivity and other features of thinitis requite a cotnplete utiderstanding ol the microvasculatuie of the nose. The nasal subnuicosa is richly \asculari/ed. being supplied hy the sphenopalatirie and anterior ethtnoidal arteries. The vascular structure is complex and can be divided into four subgroups; capacitance vessels (\enous sinusoids), exchange vessels (capillaries), resistance vessels (precapillary sphiticters and atterioles) and post-capillary veiiulcs. Theie are also arteriovenous anastomoses diverting blood directly from the arterial to the venous systetn. and it has been estitiiated thai 60" o of the total nasal blood Iiin\ is shunted through the arteriovenous anastomoses. Regulation of the capacitance vessels which alter the nasal airflow and nasal airways resistance is primarily autonomic with a prominent sympathetic innervation. On tnucosal provocation with inliammatory stimuli, the venules respond promptly with extravasation of plastna. I xudated plastna then distributes in the interstitial spaces of the aitvvays and is slow ly cleared by the lytnphatic system. Some reabsorption into airway tnicrovessels also occurs. A tnore important clearance rotite i)l extravasated plasma may be acriiss the epithelial lining to mix with the mucosal secretions. This process occurs w ithout disrupting the epithelial lining and witliout incieasmg the airway tissue penetration oi lumenal material. It is therefore being proposed as a primary mueosal defence mechanism. Ihis process allows immunoglobulins. kinins. coagulation peptides. completnents and other peptides to operate on the mucosal surface of the nasal airway. If exaggerated, it may become pathogenic in rhinitis. Previously published studies have demonstrated that inerease in vascular permeability is restricted \o venules. especially post capillary venules and is due to gaps that form in the endothelium. The gaps are thought to result from an active change in the conliguration of endothelial cells [2 5|. F'lasma extravasation into the interstitial space increases the hydrostatic pressure and this exerts a compressive efleet on the epithelial cells. This results in transient separation ol tight junctions, allowing lumenal entry of exudate along the pressure gradient. Post capillary venules have a sii|ieilicial location in the tnucosa and apart from being moderately larger, they are morphologically sitnilar to capillaries. Studies undertaken in rats show that post capillary venules have a continuous endothelium ensheathed by a continuous basal latnina. Fenestration's have been found in sotne of the endothelial cells. Adjacent endothelial cells are joined by tight jutictions consist of iliscontinuous strands [6]. The areas of discontinuous strands are thotjght to be susceptible to the ellects of inflammatory mediators. Furthertnoie. it has been suggested that the nerves in the nasal mucosa alTect dilTerently on the post capillary venules [7]. This was supported by the linding that post capillary venules were found to be sparsely innervated. The penneability of venules in nasal tnueosa can be increased by irntants acting via sensory neurones [8]. This efleet tnay be produced either through a central neural reflex, associated with efferent parasytnpathetic cholinergic neuro-transmission. or v ia antidromic release of neuropeptides from sensory neurones. This axonal pathway has not been clearly detnonstrated in humans. The role of sensory nerves in causing plasma exudation has been clearly docutnented in several anitnal studies. In rats, nasal challenge with eapsaiein. an extraet ol red hot pepper, induces plasma exuilation mediated via nonmyelinatcd C" nerve fibres ['•)]. This is believed to be due to the release of sensory neuropeptides such as siibstatice P. neurokiniiis and CXiRP. In contrast, capsaicin nasal challenge in hutnans induces no vaseular effects, indicating that capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibres do not play a role in causing plasma leakage [10]. In an anitnal model, nasal challenge with substance P indueed plasma leakage which was inhibited by pretreatment with eapsaiein or substance P antagonist [9]. Consistent with this, studies


Aechmea nudicaulis is a clonal bromeliad common to the Brazilian Atlantic forest complex and is found abundantly in the sandy coastal plain vegetation (restinga) on the north coast of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. This restinga site is structured in vegetation islands, and the species plays a key role as a nurse plant, much favoured by its clonality. We studied the clonal structure and consequences of clonality on the population spatial genetic structure (SGS) of this species using six nuclear microsatellites. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to study the effects of sexual and clonal reproduction on the dispersal of A. nudicaulis. Analyses were performed at the genet (i.e. excluding clonal repeats) and ramet levels. Genotypic richness was moderate (R = 0.32), mostly as a result of the dominance of a few clones. The spatial distribution of genets was moderately intermingled, the mean clone size was 4.9 clonal fragments per genet and the maximum clonal spread was 25 m. Expected heterozygosities were high and comparable with those found in other clonal plants. SGS analyses at the genet level revealed significantly restricted gene dispersal (Sp = 0.074), a strong SGS compared with other herbaceous species. The clonal subrange extended across 23 m where clonality had a significant effect on SGS. The restricted dispersal and SGS pattern in A. nudicaulis, coupled with high levels of genetic diversity, indicated a recruitment at windows of opportunity (RWO) strategy. Moreover, the spatial distribution of genetic variation and the habitat occupation pattern in A. nudicaulis were dependent not only on the intrinsic biological traits of the species (such as spacer size and mating system), but also on biotic interactions with neighbouring species that determined suitable habitats for germination and the establishment of new genets. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 178, 329–342.


The first order form of the Einstein-Hilbert action is shown to reduce the number of vertices needed to compute Feynman diagrams to just three three-point ones; in addition there are two propagating fields. This simplified set of Feynman rules can be used to derive the same results as the usual second order form of the Einstein-Hilbert action. We also consider the contributions to the effective action of the graviton in a thermal background.


The purpose of the study was to compare the physical fitness variable of Badminton and Lawn-tennis Female Players. To fulfil the objective of the study, (30 Badminton female players and 30 Lawn-Tennis female players) girls were selected from Panipat District of Haryana State who was attending national camps. The data were collected in different coaching camps. The age of the selected subjects ranged from 18 to 28 years. (Standing Board Jump and 60 yard dash tests) were used to measures the selected physical fitness variables of the players. In order to analyze the data t-test was used to analyze the data and investigator observed the significant different between Badminton and Lawn-tennis Female Players of different selected physical fitness variables.


The collapsibility of loess has a great influence on subgrade construction in Qinghai, China, so laboratory tests are utilized to evaluate the collapsibility influencing factors, which illustrates that the collapsibility of this region is not dominated by soluble salts but an alkaline environment, high porosity and a low water content. The in situ self-weight submerging test reveals the settlement regularities, with a maximum settlement of 22.4 cm, which suggests that the soil in the test region is self-weight collapsible loess. In consideration of the economy and applicability, dynamic compaction was chosen as the ground improvement method. The optimal number of drops (N) for an energy level of 1000 kN·m is 6, and for the energy levels of 1500 kN·m and 2000 kN·m, N is 8. Besides the maximum effective depth for 1000 kN·m is 5 – 6 m, and it is 6 – 7 m for 1500 kN·m and 2000 kN·m.


The invention provides a chip difference monitoring method. The method comprises the following steps: connecting LVT, RVT and HVT phase inverter chains into loops according to the control of switch control signals, obtaining three oscillation rings and generating oscillation clocks; metering the oscillation clocks generated by the three oscillation rings in the fixed time length to obtain metered values; carrying out judgment based on the obtained metered values and preset content of a DVFS mapping table to obtain correspondence relation between the most suitable voltage and frequency of the current chip; and adjusting the current voltage and the current highest clock frequency according to the correspondence relation. The method can detect the optimum performance of the chips in different batches and under different environments, so that each chip is allowed to give full play to its maximum performance, and energy consumption is reduced.


A key challenge for any academic field is using, and teaching about, field-specific terminology. Speech science faces a unique set of circumstances, since many students and non-experts believe they understand a specific term. However, their definitions may vary drastically from the agreed upon definitions within the field. This becomes even more complicated when a specific piece of terminology is contentious within the field. Take, for example, the term "non-native." Recent work has demonstrated that this term is simultaneously imprecise (i.e., does not refer to all and only individuals who meet specific criteria) and othering (i.e., inherently places one group in opposition to the "normal" group of native speakers). However, this terminological conundrum provides a ripe ground for pedagogical shift. In this presentation, we address both the pedagogical opportunities available in addressing these terminological issues, including metalinguistic discussions of the notions of categories and how this may tie into discussions around linguistic relativity. Furthermore, this approach allows for a broader discussion in the classroom that changing terminology only solves part of the problem; regardless of the terminology we use, we do not mitigate the bigger issues of interest. In fact, altering terminology alone can result in virtue-signaling (miles-hercules & Muwwakkil 2021).


This brief paper gives an overview of Swedish waste management and recycling of polymeric materials. The introduction of bans on landfilling of sorted combustible waste (2002) and organic waste (2005) will lead to a largeexpansion of waste incineration, which is outlined in the paper. The impacts on the recycling of polymeric materials are discussed and conclusions are drawn on the competitiveness between thermal recycling through waste incineration, thermal recycling through gasification/pyrolysis for power production and material recycling.


Abstract: The image of Chinese LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) is largely absent from the big screen under the Chinese Communist Party's censorship control. Taking advantage of the now cheaply available digital-video (DV) technology, queer activist and filmmaker Cui Zi'en has produced more than 10 LGBT-themed films since 2002, which shows the momentum of Chinese independent DV filmmaking. Although circulated mainly underground in China and at international film festivals, Cui's films seek to promote the visibility of Chinese LGBT by representing queer diversity in this community. As the only filmmaker consistently dealing with LGBT themes and experimenting with new film techniques in China, Cui employs unconventional film aesthetics, featuring extreme long takes, unstable camerawork and minimal narrative, to challenge the oppression of Chinese LGBT by heteronormative conventions, as embodied by state power and a patriarchal social order. Furthermore, facilitated by DV technology, Cui adapts Western New Queer Cinema to the Chinese context, which brings a new dimension to Chinese cinema. In China's restrictive political environment, Cui, like many other independent filmmakers, uses moving images to challenge official interpretations of social realities in contemporary China.


Cellular immunity was explored in 13 severely marasmic infants. Eleven healthy well-nourished infants and eight well-nourished infants suffering from mild infections, comparable to those in the malnourished group, served as controls. Seven of eight marasmic patients studied within the initial 30 days of rehabilitation failed to develop hypersensitivity to DNCB; three studied after 30 days gave a positive reaction. Subjects giving initially a negative reaction remained negative when re-tested several months after recovery. The PPD reaction was negative in the marasmic infants but also in most of the infected well-nourished controls. Blastic transformation of lymphocytes stimulated with PHA was normal in the three groups. A failure in antigen processing or recognition is postulated as a possible explanation for these findings. Am. J.Clin.Nutr.27: 615-620, 1974.


BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are signal molecules involved in the disease response of plants, and there is a close relationship between them. To investigate the interaction of NO and H2O2 during disease resistance response in postharvest fruits and vegetables, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Lichun) fruits were treated after harvest by vacuum infiltration with NO donor and H2O2 scavenger. RESULTS: The resistance of tomato fruits to Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb. invasion and the activities of defensive enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chitinase and glutathione S-transferase were enhanced by NO. However, these effects of NO on resistance were weakened by H2O2 scavenger, which showed that H2O2 was required in NO-mediated disease resistance in harvested tomato. Meanwhile, the endogenous H2O2 level was dual-regulated by NO. During the earlier period of storage the H2O2 peak was advanced by NO, but during the later period of storage, when the concentration of H2O2 was relatively higher, H2O2 accumulation was delayed by NO. The activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase were involved in this regulation. CONCLUSION: The results imply that application of exogenous NO can enhance the disease resistance of postharvest tomato; NO may interact with H2O2 and exert its effect by modulating the endogenous H2O2 level. This result is useful for the further investigation and application of NO in postharvest disease control. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry


The ESR spin-trapping technique has been used to investigate the oxidation of N{sub 3}{sup {minus}} to N{sub 3}{sup {sm bullet}} radical in CdS and ZnO suspensions using phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) as a spin trap. The initial growth rate of the ESR signal of the N{sub 3}PBN adduct has been followed at different N{sub 3}{sup {minus}} concentrations. The effect of different added ionic species on the ESR signal intensity has also been tested. In CdS, cadmium ions enhanced the N{sub 3}PBN signal, while several anions decreased it in the order Fe(CN){sub 6}{sup 4{minus}} > I{sup {minus}} > Br{sup {minus}} > NO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} > HPO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}} > Cl{sup {minus}}. Somewhat analogous, but less pronounced, was the effect of some anions in ZnO. The effect of these anions cannot be generally explained as a competition for holes. The effects of HPO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}} (which cannot be oxidized), Br{sup {minus}}, and NO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} (whose redox potentials are very close to that of the N{sub 3}{sup {minus}}/N{sub 3}{sup {sm bullet}} couple) are better explained as an adsorption competition. Likewise, the decrease in the N{sub 3}PBN ESR signal as the pH increases is explained by the preferential interaction of OH{sup {minus}} with the surface.


Yao-Wu Guo, Wei Li, 3, ∗ and Yan Chen 4, † Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics and Shanghai Center for Superconductivity, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, Shanghai 200050, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China (Dated: September 23, 2018)


The basic wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) routing and provisioning problem is considered in this paper. The literature is replete with prescriptive integer programming models for various versions of WDM design problems, but in no case they consider the real situation of solving them taking into account the former nature of the problem, that is, its inherent vagueness. In this paper this vagueness is assumed and handled by means of fuzzy sets based methodologies. In particular a Fuzzy Integer Linear Programming model is proposed to be used as auxiliary model for solving the former WDM provisioning and routing problem. Besides a heuristic algorithm solving it is outlined.