Late in Alice Walker's novel Meridian (1976), Lynne Rabinowitz recalls her confrontations with a family of Jewish deli owners in the South. During this confrontation, Lynne refl ects on their mutual resentment: the couple judges her as a white woman who associates with black men, and she judges them for forsaking their once-oppressed Jewish community to join the community of oppressors—the dominant Anglo-American culture. This passage takes place after Lynne has sustained a series of tragic losses. She has left behind her family and the creature comforts of suburbia, abandoned her dance career, moved to the South to join the Civil Rights Movement, and married Truman Held, a black revolutionary artist. She has befriended Meridian Hill, a black civil rights activist and the novel's protagonist, and borne a daughter, Camara, with Truman. She has been rejected by her black friends in the Movement after its ideology became more nationalist. She has been raped by Truman's friend and then sexually exploited by his other friends. She has lost her daughter to a violent crime and her husband to another woman. She is left wandering, alone, without a community or a cause. Because Meridian remains one of few Civil Rights Movement novels, scholars have focused largely on either the relationship of this text to the African American literary canon or the main protagonist's (Meridian's) struggle to balance her loyalties to race with her identity as a woman. 1 In their illumination of these racial questions, few scholars have examined the Jewish character Lynne Rabinowitz. 2 I assert that Walker employs Lynne as a cautionary tale for ethno-racial groups in the US, many of whom, by the time of the novel's publication, had initiated nationalist movements to advocate for civil rights, foster cultural awareness and pride, and resist dominant culture conformity. 3 Lynne's tragic narrative of exile serves as an allegory for the fl awed community- and coalition-building of the


The purpose of the present study was to compare occupational stress, job satisfaction & mental health among employees of government and non-government sectors. In the present study the data was collected from government and non-government sectors (schools, colleges, companies & banks). A sample of 100 employees (50 government employees and 50 non-government employees) was selected randomly. The sample was equally distributed as per the gender. For this purpose of investigation ―Occupational Stress Index‖ develop by Dr. A.K.Srivastava & Dr. A.P.Singh , Job Satisfaction Scale develop by Dr.Amar Singh & Dr. T.R.Sharma , and Employee's Mental Health Inventory develop by Dr. Jagdish were used. Data was analyzed using Mean's, SD's and t values. The finding showed that there is no significant difference in occupational stress, job satisfaction and mental health with respect to both sectors and gender. Result also showed that job satisfaction and mental health (0.149) dimensions were found positively correlated and job satisfaction (-0.186) and mental health (-0.108) were found negatively correlated with occupational stress.


ABSTRACT Should conciliating with disagreeing peers be considered sufficient for reaching rational beliefs? Thomas Kelly argues that when taken this way, Conciliationism lets those who enter into a disagreement with an irrational belief reach a rational belief all too easily. Three kinds of responses defending Conciliationism are found in the literature. One response has it that conciliation is required only of agents who have a rational belief as they enter into a disagreement. This response yields a requirement that no one should follow. If the need to conciliate applies only to already rational agents, then an agent must conciliate only when her peer is the one irrational. A second response views conciliation as merely necessary for having a rational belief. This alone does little to address the central question of what is rational to believe when facing a disagreeing peer. Attempts to develop the response either reduce to the first response, or deem necessary an unnecessary doxastic revision, or imply that rational dilemmas obtain in cases where intuitively there are none. A third response tells us to weigh what our pre-disagreement evidence supports against the evidence from the disagreement itself. This invites epistemic akrasia.


Context Selenium (Se) is a trace element essential for cellular function in animals as a component of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase and iodothyronine-5-deiodinase. In many parts of Europe, Se is often deficient in livestock diets due to the low Se status of soil. Supplementation of diets with selenised yeast (predominately as seleno-methionine) or inorganic sodium selenite is common practice in most livestock systems, including ruminants. Lactic acid bacteria have been shown to convert inorganic Se into predominantly elemental nano-Se, which has been used recently in human pro-biotics as a less toxic form of Se. Therefore, silage lactic acid bacteria may provide a supplementation route of bioavailable nano-Se for ruminants. Aim Here, we report on the effect of feeding inoculated silage enriched with a supra-nutritional level of nano-Se (Selage) versus control inoculated silage (Silage) on the Se status of finishing lambs and their products, followed by a second study where blood parameters were investigated in ewes. Methods In the first study, 40 Charollais × Suffolk lambs (42 ± 1.7 kg) were paired according to weight and sex, then allocated to the two treatments for 8 or 10 weeks. Uptake of Se into wool was temporally assessed, as well as excretion of Se into faeces. Selenium concentrations in blood and muscle, carcass characteristics and meat quality are reported postmortem. In the second study, individually penned Suffolk × Mule ewes (n = 12; 76 ± 4.5 kg) were offered the same diets as in the first study. Blood parameters were assessed at the start and after 6 weeks, with intake and excretion into faeces and urine assessed temporally throughout the study. Key results In the first study, dry-matter (DM) intake was similar in both treatment groups, at 0.8 ± 0.03 kg/day, but Se concentrations of the diets were significantly different, resulting in intakes of ~0.14 and 1.60 mg/day on the Silage and Selage diets, respectively. This was reflected in higher Se concentrations in faeces (0.4 vs 2.0 mg/kg DM; P < 0.001), wool (0.11 vs 0.25 mg/kg DM; P < 0.001), blood (0.19 vs 0.46 mg/L; P < 0.001) and muscle (0.31 vs 0.41 mg/kg: P < 0.01) on the Selage than on the Silage diet. Colour (chroma) shelf life of the meat was significantly higher on the Selage treatment (8.05 vs 9.2 days; P < 0.05). In the second trial, for ewes fed Selage, blood seleno-methionine increased from 0.21 to 0.25 mg/L and seleno-cysteine from 0.25 to 0.35 mg/L after 6 weeks on the treatment, whereas there was no change in ewes fed Silage. Glutathione peroxidase increased, whereas haematocrit, haemoglobin and platelet count were decreased across time during the study, but there was no difference between the treatments. Conclusions Nano-Se provided by the Selage treatment was shown to be available to sheep and improve shelf life, with no adverse haematological effects. Implications There is potential to use silage inoculants to provide bioavailable Se to ruminants. Further research is required to determine the most appropriate dose for animal performance and product quality.


 Abstract — The paper describes student transition evaluation modeling through LMS by the use of Petri nets. First, a universal student transition model had to be created through the LMS. This model created in Petri nets is modular. This means that a model could be added which evaluates the student on the bases of transition through LMS. According to these results, each states of the student could be simulated and on the bases of his steps it is possible to evaluate him. Petri net (PN) is a graphical and mathematical modeling tool that has such characteristics as concurrent, asynchronous, distributed, parallel, nondeterministic, and stochastic. Although, as an ideal system which would be close for every student is utopian for sure. It is still possible to approach the perfect personalization of teaching by means of correctly designed models by the use of Petri nets.


This architectural history of Edinburgh amalgamates the city's three main characteristics - a dramatic natural setting, an "old town" which evolved over several centuries and the Georgian "new town" which was conceived and built between 1766 and 1840. The book begins with the original proposals to build the New Town and ends a hundred years later with the death of William Playfair in the year of the completion of the National Gallery. It features period photographs of the city in the '50s by the late Sir Edwin Smith.


This article analyzes the political reach and effects that diverse religious discourses and practices are having in Colombia's current "peacebuilding" historical juncture. Examining two specific case studies of entanglements of the religious and the juridical, it traces pragmatically differential ways in which the complexes relations between religiosity, statecraft and violence can be played out in Colombia's "post-agreement" historical epoch. It argues that our analysis of these case studies should move away from secularism, as a normative stance and an interpretative grid, towards a conceptualization of different forms of effective imbrication between the religious, the political and the juridical, that the understanding of the theologico-political in the works of Schmitt, Derrida and Foucault, might help us to think through. In this way we could better evaluate the contrasting political rationalities of diverse pastoral practices oriented by different figures of the theologico-political, and their social and political effects.


WilsonCentre for Research in Education, University of Toronto, CanadaINTRODUCTIONThere is a growing imperative for interprofessional educa-tion (IPE) and a shift towards interprofessional practicelinked to government initiatives to modernize healthcareservices and improve patient/client care (e.g. Barr et al.,2005). IPE is meant to instill the knowledge, skills, attitudesand values necessary for interdependent collaboration andteamwork with a focus on the efficient delivery of high-quality patient/client-centred care. The link between IPEand equipping students in healthcare for collaborativepractice has been made for several years (e.g. Szasz, 1969).Despite the broad adoption of IPE across a number ofeducational institutions, in general, there continues to belittle focus on the development and implementation ofsound assessment strategies.Widely used in medicine, the objective structured clinicalexamination(OSCE)aimstoassessclinicalknowledge,skills,behaviours and attitudes by structured observation (van derVleuten & Schuwirth, 2005). An interprofessional OSCE(iOSCE) uses this method to assess collaborative knowledge,skills, behaviours and attitudes (Morison & Stewart, 2005).TheiOSCEprovidesanalternativetoreflectionexercisesthatare more typically used to assess interprofessional attributes.This article reports on the development of an iOSCE in alarge university in North America which contains 10 healthscience faculties: dentistry, physical education and health,medical radiation sciences, medicine, nursing, occupationaltherapy, physical therapy, pharmacy, social work andspeech–language pathology. Specifically, we describe themethods used to engage participation from all healthprofessions in its development; report on the topic themesselected to develop into clinical scenarios; and providedetails of the iterative process planned to yield a reliable andvalid product.METHODSInterprofessional leaders from these different faculties(n¼23) with collective responsibility for overseeingthe development and implementation of a new IPEcurriculum were invited to participate in this study.A modified Delphi process was used to generate contentfor the iOSCE. A Delphi is a decision-making process thatuses expert opinion, gathered anonymously in the form of asurvey, under the guidance and direction of a facilitator toreach group consensus through collaboration, independentanalysis and iteration. It allows for moderation/changethrough group processes (Rowe & Wright, 1999) andrequires several rounds to obtain consensus. As describedbelow, three rounds were used in this study.In general, all faculties at the university had familiaritywith and involvement in the IPE curriculum planning. Themajority had direct experience in developing IPE learningactivities (78%, n¼18), half had experience as examiners ordevelopers of a traditional OSCE station, but as this is a newmethod of assessment none had experience as an examineror developer of an iOSCE station.In the first round, participants were asked to write fivebrief healthcare clinical scenarios, requiring participation offive or more different healthcare professions that involvedcompletion of a task as an interprofessional team. Thisresulted in a pool of 80 scenarios. Scenarios werethematically analyzed by the project team and through aprocess of discussion and modification, agreement was


This research was aimed at determining the relationship between emotional intelligence and aggressiveness. The subject of the research were 15o first and secondyears Junior High School students of  SLTP Muhammadiyah 3 Kolombo, Depok Yogyakarta in 1999/2000 school year. The data collection was done using the questionnaire method for the scale of emotional intellligence, whereas the scale of aggressiveness in the narrative form (vignette) to expressed of the aggressiveness. The relationship between emotional intelligence and aggressiveness used Product Moment analysis. The result of correlation analysis was –0,402 (p=0,000). This means that the higher the emotional intelligence, the lower the aggressiveness.  Key Word : emotional intelegence, aggressiveness


For many patients suffered from a terminal cancer, the best care is to extend a period and improve a quality of life. So that the pain, a major symptom of patients with terminal cancer, should be effectively controled. Otherwise it causes anorexia, nausea, vomiting, general weakness, loss of body weight, insomnia and becomes worse the condition of patients. The case is a report about a patient diagnosed as terminal gastric cancer and suffered abdominal pain. The patient was treated by Taeumin Chongsim Yonja Tang and the abdomnal pain decreased. This report described the process and contents about the way the patient was cured.


The invention relates to an underwater real-time optics dissolved oxygen measuring device, which comprises a luminescence exciting system with light source inside the sealed casing, a photoelectric detector, a light filter and a luminescence receiving system of the les set, wherein a mounting plate and a single chip machine with program controlling form a luminescence measuring device, a dissolved oxygen sensor and a PC machine which is characterized in that it also comprises a temperature sensor; the dissolved oxygen sensor has two underwater dissolved oxygen measuring sensors to excite the light source.


This paper shows that the conventional proportional navigation guidance(PNG) law with a constant navigation gain is an optimal solution strictly also when the velocity is varying during engagement. Especially, PNG with navigation constant, 3, is an optimal solution minimizing a closing velocity weighted induced-drag. While most of previous studies on optimality of PNG were relied on the linear formulation and the constant speed assumption, this study presents more general analysis results on optimality of PNG based on the nonlinear formulation and the time-varying velocity assumption.


Not too long from now travelers will be able to avoid congested highways, determine the precise time of arrival of mass transit, and alter their plans to accommodate traffic accidents or inadequate parking. The systems which could bring about this change in the efficiency of ground transportation are Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). However, development of this technology may be hampered by tort reliability from ATIS-related accidents. This paper notes that ATIS manufacturers, designers and sellers could face exposure under existing tort law to claims for fraud, breach of warranty, negligence, strict product liability, negligent representation, and negligent or fraudulent advertising. However, the likelihood that tort liability will discourage ATIS development is small since most accidents will be the fault of the driver.


Through two factorial within-participant designs of 2 (size onditions:245×245and116×116) ×2(presentation conditions:standard and incremental (continuous in Experiment1,intermittent in Experiment 2)) to investigate the influence of intermittent features and the size of features on the perceptual interference effect of Chinese character. The result showed that (1)both of the experiments had perceptul interference effect because the performance of standard condition were better than incremental condition and the result provided evidence for the Mismatch Hypothesis; (2)the size condition influenced perfpormance but didn't have a impact on the perceptual interferene effect.


For more than two decades, the European Union has been experimenting with forms of policy coordination as a means of seeking influence in domains of policy that more typically fall within the competence and political authority of its Member States. Across economic, employment and social policies, EU institutions, structures and process have attempted to open out domestic policymaking to the influence of external actors and shared normative frameworks. These experiments in European governance acquired a common nomenclature: the 'open method of coordination' (OMC). This article analyses the OMC and its relationship to law, in general, and to principles of EU law in particular. The analysis first clarifies the nature and application of the technique of policy coordination in the EU. It then considers the relationship between the OMC and principles of EU law. Two groups of principles are highlighted. The first group – the principles of conferral and subsidiarity; and democratic participation, openness and transparency – reflects the distribution of political authority across multiple levels that is engaged in policy coordination processes. The second group – the principles of effective judicial protection and the protection of fundamental rights – give procedural and substantive dimensions to the rule of law. The article concludes that techniques of policy coordination are far from obsolete and have even been developed and consolidated in the 'meta-coordination' architecture of the 'European Semester'. Nonetheless, the capacity of law to capture the character and effects of policy coordination is evasive, with the relationship between policy coordination and core principles of EU law often proving to be less an encounter and more an estrangement.


Johann Lechner 1 Bernd Zimmermann Marlene Schmidt 3 Volker von Baehr 1Department of Clinical Research, Clinic Integrative Dentistry, Munich, Germany; 2Medical Devices, QINNO, Wessling, Germany; 3Department of Statistics, STEYR Motorenwerke, Steyr, Austria; 4Department of Immunology and Allergology, Institute for Medical Diagnostics Berlin, Germany Introduction: The presently used impulse echo ultrasound examination is not suitable to provide relevant and reliable information about the jawbone, because ultrasound (US) almost completely reflects from the hard cortical jawbone. At the same time, "focal osteoporotic bone marrow defects" (BoneMarrowDefects = BMD) in jawbone are the subject of scientific presentations and discussions. Purpose: Can a newly developed trans-alveolar ultrasonic sonography (TAU-n) device locate and ascertain BMD? Patients and Methods: TAU-n consists of a two-part handpiece with an extraoral ultrasound transmitter and an intraoral ultrasound receiver. The TAU-n computer display shows the different jawbone densities with corresponding colour coding. The changes in jawbone density are also displayed numerically. The validation of TAU-n readings: A usual orthopantomogram (2D-OPG) on its own is not suitable for unequivocally determining jawbone density and has to be excluded from this validation. For validation, a 3D-digital volume tomogram/cone beam computer tomogram (DVT/CBCT) with the capacity to measure Hounsfield units (HU) and a TAU-n are used to determine the presence of preoperative BMD in 82 patient cases. Postoperatively, histology samples and multiplex analysis of RANTES/CCL5 (R/C) expression derived from surgically cleaned BMD areas are evaluated. Results: In all 82 bone samples, DVT-HU, TAU-n values and R/C expressions show the presence of BMD with chronic inflammatory character. However, five histology samples showed no evidence of BMD. All four evaluation criteria (DVT-HU, TAU-n, R/C, histology) confirm the presence of BMD in each of the 82 samples. Conclusion: The TAU-n method almost completely matches the diagnostic reliability of the other methods. The newly developed TAU-n scanner is a reliable and radiation-free option to detect BMD.


Novel 1-methyl-2-(2-substituted-oxazol-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives were obtained in good yields and purity by treating corresponding 2-benzimidazolyl esters with acetamide in the presence of BF3-etherate, a Lewis acid.


Abstract: Research on technology-assisted teaching and learning has identified several families of factors that contribute to the effective integration of such tools. Focusing on one such family, affective factors, this article reports on a qualitative study of 30 prospective secondary school mathematics teachers designed to acquire insight into the affect associated with the visualization of geometric loci using GeoGebra. Affect as a representational system was the approach adopted to gain insight into how the use of dynamic geometry applications impacted students' affective pathways. The data suggests that affect is related to motivation through goals and self-concept. Basic instrumental knowledge and the application of modeling to generate interactive images, along with the use of analogical visualization, played a role in local affect and prospective teachers' use of visualization.Keywords: problem-solving strategies, visual thinking, interactive learning, drawing, diagrams, teacher training, visual representations, reasoning, GeoGebra.1. Experimental conditions and research questions addressedAt present, the predominant lines of research on problem-solving aim to identify underlying assumptions and critical issues, and raise questions about the acquisition of problem-solving strategies, metacognition, and beliefs and dispositions associated with problem-solvers' affect and development (Schoenfeld, 1992; Lester and Kehle, 2003). Problem-solving expertise is assumed to evolve multi-dimensionally (mathematically, metacognitively, affectively) and involve the holistic co-development of content, problem-solving strategies, higher-order thinking and affect, all to varying degrees (English & Sriraman, 2010). This expertise must, however, be set in a specific context. Future research should therefore address the question of how prospective teachers' expertise can be holistically developed.The research described here was conducted with a group of 30 Spanish mathematics undergraduates. These future teachers took courses in advanced mathematics in differential and Riemannian geometry, but worked very little with the classical geometry they would later be teaching. They were accustomed to solving mathematical problems with specific software, mainly in areas such as symbolic calculation or dynamic geometry, but were not necessarily prepared to use these tools as future teachers. Research on teaching in technological contexts (Tapan, 2006) has shown that students are un- or ill-acquainted with mathematics teaching, i.e., they are unaware of how to convey mathematical notions in classroom environments and find it difficult to use software in learning situations. Hence the need to specifically include the classroom use of software in teacher training.This paper addresses certain understudied areas in problem-solving such as visualization and affect, with a view to developing discipline awareness and integrating crucial elements for mathematics education in teacher training. As defined by Mason (1998), teachers' professional development is regarded here as development of attention and awareness. The teacher's role is to create conditions in which students' attention shifts to events and facts of which they were previously unaware. Viewed in those terms, teaching itself can be seen as a path for personal development.The main aim of this essay is to explain that in a dynamic geometry environment, visualization is related to the viewer's affective state. The construction and use of imagery of any kind in mathematical problem-solving constitute a research challenge because of the difficulty of identifying these processes in the individual. The visual imagery used in mathematics is often personal in nature, related not only to conceptual knowledge and belief systems, but laden with affect (Goldin, 2000; Gomez-Chacon, 2000b; Presmeg, 1997). These very personal aspects are what may enhance or constrain mathematical problem-solving (Aspinwall, Shaw, and Presmeg, 1997; Presmeg, 1997), however, and as such should be analyzed, especially in technological contexts. …


This paper deals with the oblique derivative boundary value problem for second order quasilinear equations of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type. We first give the representation of solutions for this boundary value problem, afterwards prove uniqueness and existence of solutions of the problem, and then obtain apriori estimates of solutions. In books 1, 2 the author discussed the Dirichlet problem Tricomi problem for linear mixed equations of second order, e.g . Here we use a method different from those of other authors to prove unique solvability of solutions of the oblique derivative problem for quasilinear equations of mixed type; the results include corresponding results in [1], [2] as special cases.


Klippel-Feil syndrome, a condition involving the massive fusion of cervical vertebrae, was first described in 1912, and since then, several hundred cases have been documented worldwide, including four in Precolumbian populations, two from Mexico, one from South Dakota, and another from Peru. In this article we describe a case from the archaeological site of Cholula, Puebla, Mexico, which we believe represents the most extreme example of this syndrome yet to be recorded for the pre-Hispanic period in the New World.


Zaragoza's Digital Mile: Place-Making in a New Public Realm Dennis Frenchman and Francisca Rojas As the hot desert sun wanes across the plaza, horizon- tal shades along the roof of the museum, over the cafe, and at the bus stop suddenly rise in a graceful ballet. Pivoting upwards one at a time, they become a row of vertical screens. Gradually, they take on the subtle, complex patterns of a Moorish mosaic, a backdrop for the evening's performance. On the lawn, as the last soccer players leave, people settle down on their chairs and blankets and turn to the stage. Two kids take a running leap at the curtain of water, but it parts before they can get wet. Landing in a puddle on the other side, the sound starts a wave down the curtain that ripples along and fades in the distance. Jump twice and you get a bigger wave; jump in synco- pation and you get the biggest waves of all. Such experiments in place-making are now being designed for the ancient city of Zaragoza, Spain, as part of an unusual development project that will herald the city's arrival into the information age. Known as the Digital Mile, the project aims to incorporate digital media into everyday aspects of the public realm, making places that respond to their users, change to accommodate multiple activities, provide stories, information and services, and hopefully, become deeply meaningful to a rich array of people in Zaragoza who will live and learn within them. At first glance, Zaragoza is an unusual venue for experi- ments with digital media. One of Spain's oldest cities, it was founded by Ceasar Augustus at a strategic location on the Ebro River in the middle of a desert. Later it became Above: Waterwall: An urban-scaled interactive fountain system in which falling streams of water can respond to people by digital means. Image by Andres Sevtsuk. Frenchman and Rojas / Zaragoza's Digital Mile


This study of involved students using simulation software in all phases of the learning cycle. Middle school students used a CD-based simulation program, Exploring the Nardoo, which first provided preinstructional and exploratory activities to elicit and challenge students' alternative conceptions. Having set the context for formal instruction, simulations then were used in the invention phase of the learning cycle to help students learn new concepts. The simulations were used again to apply newly learned concepts in different contexts in the expansion phase of the learning cycle. In this study, middle school science students were observed using the simulations as they engaged in learning cycle lessons on environmental systems. The students were tested for their understanding of the concepts before and after completing the learning cycle lessons. Interviews also were made of the students and their instructor. This study involved students using simulation software in all phases of the learning cycle. Research on the use of simulations in science education has shown that the simulations can be used effectively in preinstructional (Hargrave & Kenton, 2000; Gokhale, 1996) and exploratory activities (De Jong & van Joolingen, 1998). Preinstructional and exploratory activities elicit and challenge students' alternative conceptions. Having set the context for formal instruction, simulations then can be used to learn new concepts in the invention phase of the learning cycle. With the specific guidance in simulations such as Exploring the Nardoo (Harper, n. d.; Harper & Hedberg, 1996), students perform better (Lee, 1999). Simulations can be used again to apply newly learned concepts in different contexts in the expansion phase of the learning cycle. In this study, 16 upper elementary and 17 middle school science students were observed using the simulations as they engaged in learning cycle lessons on environmental systems. The students were tested for their understanding of the concepts before and after completing the learning cycle lesson. Interviews also were made of the students and their instructor. Data collected included videotape transcripts, teacher journal, student field logs, student concept maps, student and teacher interviews, and products of student activities. The use of simulations in all phases of learning cycles was shown to be an effective strategy for learning. The teacher was better able to bridge student understanding between print materials and real-world experiences. Results of pre-instructional and post-instructional concept mapping showed a richer variety of concepts and increased linkages among those concepts. This case study thus provides an example of the effective use of simulations in learning cycle lessons for middle school students engaged in environmental studies.


Indonesia is a country that seems to violate a number of widely held assumptions that comparative political scientists hold. For example, under Suharto's 30-year rule, corruption soared, but so did economic growth. In Riots, Pogroms, Jihad, John Sidel offers another false generalization for consideration, namely, that despite the rise of ethnic and religious violence in the world since 1990, the widespread religious violence experienced in Indonesia since the mid-1990s is not best understood as part of a global trend. Rather, he argues that "such broad-brush accounts offer little to illuminate the specific modalities of religious violence observed in Indonesia or to help examine the discernable but seemingly inexplicable shifts … in the forms, targets, processes of mobilization, and consequences of this violence in successive periods" (p. 11).


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a non reflective tool capable of preventing an external emission, while preventing a ranging light emitted from a light wave range finder from returning to the light wave range finder. SOLUTION: The non reflective tool (10) can be attached to the light wave range finder and includes a case (12) with a black interior and a light absorption filter (20) disposed in the case so that the ranging light (L) to be emitted from the light wave range finder enters at a Brewster angle. In addition, a black photoabsorption board (30) is disposed in the case in order to absorb the ranging light reflected from the light absorption filter. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


The present article investigates the collective influence of chemical reaction, viscous dissipation and Hall current magnetic effects on timedependent radiative magnetohydrodynamic flow, heat and mass transfer from an inclined wall embedded in a homogenous, isotropic highpermeability porous medium. The model developed is relevant to near wall magnetohydrodynamic energy generator transport phenomena
in which chemical corrosion effects may arise during operations. The governing non-linear partial differential equations for mass, momentum,
energy and species conservation are transformed into a system of coupled non-linear dimensionless partial differential equations with
appropriate similarity variables. The normalized conservation equations are then solved with a robust finite element method (MATLABFEM) subject to corresponding initial and boundary conditions. Important dimensionless parameters emerging are Eckert number, thermal
Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, magnetic body force parameter, Hall parameter, permeability parameter, Dufour number, Soret
number, time, radiation-conduction parameter, chemical reaction parameter, heat absorption parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number
and wall angle. Primary velocity is enhanced with Eckert number, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, Hall parameter,
permeability parameter, Dufour number, Soret number, radiation-conduction parameter and time whereas it is reduced with first order
chemical reaction parameter, heat absorption, magnetic body force parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number and wall inclination.
Secondary velocity is elevated with Eckert number, solutal Grashof number, thermal Grashof number, magnetic body force parameter, Hall
parameter, radiation-conduction parameter, Dufour number, Soret number and time whereas it is suppressed with reaction parameter, heat
absorption, Prandtl number, Schmidt number and wall inclination. Temperature is enhanced with Eckert number, Dufour number, heat
absorption, radiation-conduction parameter and time whereas it is depressed with Prandtl number. Species concentration is reduced with
increasing chemical reaction parameter (destructive homogenous reaction) and Schmidt number whereas it is elevated with Soret number
and time. Extensive discussion of the finite element formulation, convergence and validation is provided Skin friction, Nusselt number and
Sherwood number distributions are also provided for selected parameter variation. Validation of solutions with published literature is also
included for several special cases, namely non-reactive, non-dissipative flow in the absence of heat generation or absorption. Further
validation is included using a multi-step differential transform method (MS-DTM). The present simulations provide an interesting insight into
complex fluid/thermal/species diffusion characteristics in the boundary layer region of relevance to working MHD generator systems.


tion study. None the less, the book is wor thy for its over all empha sis on well ness rather than ill ness and for encour ag ing women to trust their bod ies. I espe cially liked the tips for fathers, such as cook ing for one's mate if she's nau seous and the oftrepeated advice: tell her she's doing great! "Expec tant cou ples are no longer in the posi tion of hav ing to push for what they want" (p. xiii) sets the tone for con sumer aware ness and active par tici pa tion at all stages of preg nancy and birth prepa ra tion. This book will appeal to a group that is unfor tu nately stead ily being squeezed between the grow ing number of peo ple who do not ques tion author ity and who may not real ize that child birth classes are about rights and options and the group that is enam ored with tech nol ogy.


The aim of this study is to obtain new information on the density structure of the European upper mantle by incorporating the state-ofthe-art global gravity data derived from the GOCE satellite gravity mission and recently released seismic model for the crustal structure, EUNAseis. The residual mantle gravity anomalies are derived from the GOCE data, from which gravitational effects of the deep mantle and the crust are removed. Our model of mantle density structure has lateral resolution of ca. 100 km, which allows to distinguish small-scale mantle anomalies and to link them to regional geodynamic processes. Given a relatively small range of expected density variations in the lithospheric mantle, knowledge on the uncertainties associated with incomplete knowledge of density structure of the crust is of utmost importance for further progress in density heterogeneity studies. Therefore, we examine the propagation of crustal model uncertainties into determinations of lithospheric mantle density. firstname.lastname@example.com References [1] Pail, R., Bruinsma, S., Migliaccio, F., Foerste, C., Goiginger, H., Schuh, W.-D., H ̈ k, E., Reguzzoni, M., Brockmann, J. M., Abrikosov, O., Vicherts, M., Fecher, T., Mayrhofer, R., Krasbutter, I., Sanso, F., Tscherning, C. C., 2011. First GOCE gravity field models derived by three diferent approaches. Journal of Geodesy 85, 819-843. [2] Artemieva, I.M., Thybo, H. 2013: A seismic model for Moho and crustal structure in Europe, Greenland, and the North Atlantic region. Tectonophysics, Vol. 609, 08.2013, s. 97-153. [3] Artemieva, I. M., 2006. Global 1◦x1◦ thermal model tc1 for the continental lithosphere: Implications for lithosphere secular evolution. Tectonophysics 416 (14), 245-277. [4] Herceg M., I. M. Artemieva, H. Thybo, Yu. Cherepanova: Density heterogeneity of the upper mantle beneath the Siberian Craton from satellite gravity and a new regional crustal model (in submission to Geophys. J. Int.) European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2015Vienna | Austria | 12 – 17 April 2015 Calculation To determine the residual upper mantle gravity signal, the gravity effects of the topography, crust, deep mantle and LAB topography are removed from the GOCE free air gravity anomaly. The residual mantle gravity anomalies reflect the density heterogeneity of the upper mantle due to thermal and compositional effects. Density anomalies in the lithospheric mantle are calculated as a relative perturbation with respect to the reference mantle density (3.35 g/ cm3 at ca. 50-70 km depth). Mantle density anomalies are calculated by using thermal model TC1 for the continental lithosphere, with assumption that the density heterogeneity resides in the lithosphere and that the density anomalies are evenly distributed over the entire thickness of the lithospheric mantle. Results Siberian craton Figure 1: Tectonic structure of the Europe (based on maps of ...) Methodology The model for the gravity and density structure of the lithospheric mantle is based on three major components: GOCE gravity data [1] EUNAseis crustal model [2] thermal model TC1 for the continental lithosphere [3] Figure 5: EUNAseis moho Figure 3: Free air gravity anomalies based on GOCE-D3-240 Figure 4: Truncated free air gravity anomalies based on GOCE-D3-240 Figure 6: EUNAseis crustal gravity correction Figure 7 TC1 lithosphere thickness Figure 8: Upper mantle residual gravity anomalies Figure 9: Density of the lithospheric mantle at room temperature expressed as percentage anomaly of 3.39 g/cm3 Figure 10: InSitu density of the lithospheric mantle temperature expressed as percentage anomaly of 3.29 g/cm3 Figure 11: Correlation between the in situ mantle density and the parameters of crustal models (EUNAseis and Crust 1.0) and the LAB depth Conclusions Highly heterogeneous European mantle density; Unexpected: No clear boundary between craton and noncraton in mantle density, Regional correlation of mantle density with thermo-tectonic age, Two crustal models show big differences in upper mantle gravity and density anomaly The largest uncertainty of mantle density arises from the Moho depth and thickness of sediments Figure 2: EUNASeis seismic data coverage [2]


Integrated services for health and social care are now a priority in the UK and elsewhere. Not surprisingly, the implementation of such service improvements focus on the Integrated Care Record (ICR) and its promise of rapid, location-independent access to consolidated patient information. In the UK, for example, the NHS Care Records programme (NHScrs), which is part of a larger National Programme for IT (NPfIT), seeks to develop an infrastructure for shared records through a central records 'spine' and local service provider contracts. The patchy success record of similar projects in the past makes it clear that the issues surrounding the realisation of the ICR vision are numerous and often complex. A number of these issues were explored at workshop on Integrated Care Records held in Edinburgh on the 11th and 12th of December, 2003. This special issue of the Health Informatics Journal draws on some of the papers presented and the themes that emerged. The focus is on sharing research and practical experience of ICR projects in action. The recent announcement that the National Audit Office is to investigate NPfIT makes it especially timely. In the opening paper, Matthew Jones sets the scene for NHScrs with an overview of development of the electronic patient record concept and of past NHS implementation efforts in this area. Jones summarises a number of basic lessons from past problems but casts doubt on whether the current NHS ICR programme has taken them on board. Picking up some of the issues raised in the first paper, Marilyn Kirshbaum's paper gives us a snapshot of current attitudes among healthcare professionals at two NHS acute hospitals towards computers and electronic patient records. While Kirshbaum notes that any generalisation of these results should be attempted with caution, she reminds us of the importance in IT projects of training users and of attending to organisational needs and to the management of change. She also recommends procedures for monitoring project progress and the impact on staff and work practices.


In a petrochemical plastics factory,a superhigh pressure reciprocating compressor had serious vibration and noise pollution.In order to solve the problem,the finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to build vibration analysis models,to have structure modal and harmonic analysis. Thereby the compressor vibration causes were found,and an effective rebuilding program was designed,After the implementation of the program,the vibration was significantly lowered,the biggest drop is more than 76.8%.The method provides a reference for reducing vibration and noise of other superhigh pressure devices.


Disease relapse remains a major cause of death in patients with BCR-ABL–positive leukemia despite advances in treatment with kinase inhibitors. Significant efforts are underway to target pathways that maintain leukemia stem cells. Targeting these pathways holds promise for definitive leukemia eradication or improvement of the effectiveness of currently available therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 19(6); 1309–11. ©2013 AACR.


There are two perspectives in business literatures about the causes of organizational failure: one is classical industrial organization(IO) and organization ecology(OE) viewpoint which assumes a deterministic role of the environment,the other one is the organization studies(OS) and organizational psychology(OP) perspective.This paper addresses the major theoretical viewpoints of OE and methodological challenges ahead for researchers in the field of organizational failure.


The small intestine has been regarded as the most difficult area of the gastrointestinal tract to investigate by endoscopic view.Capsule endoscopy provided a complete evaluation of the small bowel and has become one of the major approaches in diagnosis of suspected small bowel diseases. However, this technique has several limitations, including its inability to perform conventional endoscopic procedures, taking biopsy specimens, and therapeutic interventions. Another novel method, double balloon enteroscopy, introduced by Yamamoto et al. in 2001, makes it possible to overcome these limitations. Since then, several studies have reported diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes. In this brief review, the authors summarized the current clinical outcomes and practical use of double balloon enteroscopy in suspected small bowel disorders. (Intest Res 2007;5:13-18)


When querying a huge image database containing millions of images, the result of the query may still contain many thousands of images that need to be presented to the user. We consider the problem of arranging such a large set of images into a visually coherent layout, one that places similar images next to each other. Image similarity is determined using a bag-of-features model, and the layout is constructed from a hierarchical clustering of the image set by mapping an in-order traversal of the hierarchy tree into a space-filling curve. This layout method provides strong locality guarantees so we are able to quantitatively evaluate performance using standard image retrieval benchmarks. Performance of the bag-of-features method is best when the vocabulary is learned on the image set being clustered. Because learning a large, discriminative vocabulary is a computationally demanding task, we present a novel method for efficiently adapting a generic visual vocabulary to a particular dataset. We evaluate our clustering and vocabulary adaptation methods on a variety of image datasets and show that adapting a generic vocabulary to a particular set of images improves performance on both hierarchical clustering and image retrieval tasks.


The cleptoparasitic anthidiine bee genus Stelis Panzer is primarily Holarctic in distribution, extending as far south as Costa Rica. A new species of Stelis subgenus Dolichostelis Parker and Bohart is described and illustrated based on females collected in dry forests of the Caribbean region of Colombia. Stelis (Dolichostelis) costaricensis Friese is also recorded from dry forests but in western Colombia. These are the first records of the genus, as currently recognized, for South America. An updated key to the species of Dolichostelis and a synopsis of the diversity and biogeography of the bee fauna from the Caribbean region of Colombia are provided. Based on reports from the literature and data from collections, we provide a checklist consisting of 125 species in 48 genera of five families. The complex composition of this bee fauna parallels that of the flora, with taxa having the following origins or distributions: West Indian, North or Central American, Andean, xeric or temperate South American, and Neotropical widespread. A brief account on the contribution of George Salt to the knowledge of the biology of this Colombian bee fauna is also provided.


Manufacturing industries strive to improve production efficiency and product quality by deploying advanced sensing and control systems. Wearable sensors are emerging as a promising solution for achieving this goal, as they can provide continuous and unobtrusive monitoring of workers' activities in the manufacturing line. This paper presents a novel wearable sensing prototype that combines IMU and body capacitance sensing modules to recognize worker activities in the manufacturing line. To handle these multimodal sensor data, we propose and compare early, and late sensor data fusion approaches for multi-channel time-series convolutional neural networks and deep convolutional LSTM. We evaluate the proposed hardware and neural network model by collecting and annotating sensor data using the proposed sensing prototype and Apple Watches in the testbed of the manufacturing line. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed methods achieve superior performance compared to the baseline methods, indicating the potential of the proposed approach for real-world applications in manufacturing industries. Furthermore, the proposed sensing prototype with a body capacitive sensor and feature fusion method improves by 6.35%, yielding a 9.38% higher macro F1 score than the proposed sensing prototype without a body capacitive sensor and Apple Watch data, respectively.


For more than a century, the Greek suffix -μός/-μος has been the subject of many morphological, semantic and comparative studies. Despite this abundant scientific literature, many questions still remain unanswered. First of all and quite strikingly, general agreement is still wanting, for morphological studies, on the formal criteria that should guide a descriptive analysis of this suffix. Secondly, many semantic studies bring out only a very vague meaning for this suffix. Furthermore, these studies generally take into account a single formal criterion (the suffixal accent) in their analysis of this meaning. Finally, comparative studies almost unanimously try to reconstruct a single original type in *- mo- which appears to be quite inappropriate in order to explain the historical situation of Greek -μός/-μος nouns. All these facts lead us to consider that the time has come to reexamine this subject.


The average operating room makes no provision for mechanically maintaining artificial respiration in patients during operation. In the absence of adequate pulmonary ventilation, other resuscitative measures are generally of little value in advanced respiratory or cardiac failure. 1 Such accidents are sufficiently common in the operating room to warrant a carefully organized plan for resuscitation and especially to include in this plan a method of artificial respiration for the surgical patient. During the past 2 years a mechanical respirator, of a type commonly used in physiological laboratories for the intermittent insufflation of compressed air down a tracheal catheter, has been kept available on the operating floors of the University Hospitals. During this period of time the respirator has been successfully used in 4 cases of acute cardio-respiratory failure and might have been successful in several other cases if the artificial respiration could have been instituted more promptly. This fact aroused the interest of the author in developing a simple, dependable mechanical respirator as an integral part of the commonly used anesthesia machines. Since the introduction of carbon dioxide absorbing technic and the use of a tight fitting face mask, creating a closed lung-bag system, the simplest effective method of artificial pulmonary ventilation in the event of inadequate spontaneous respirations is by rhythmic manual compression of the rebreathing bag. Utilizing this principle, the following apparatus was constructed.† (Fig. 1.) The rebreathing bag of the anesthesia machine is enclosed in a rigid airtight container, B, made of pyralin, a nonbreakable plastic, and it is attached to the sodalime canister A, in this case, of a Heidbrink anesthesia machine. Air under pressure, from any source 8, is intermittently injected into the space between the rigid container and the rebreathing bag through inlet 5 which can be controlled as to rate and volume by valves 9 and 6. Between injections the space around the bag is automatically opened to the atmosphere through the exhaust valve 7.


Objective: A simple, specific, accurate, and precise method, namely, reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography was to develop for simultaneous estimation of Lidocaine (LDC) and prilocaine (PLC) in a topical local anesthetic cream.Method: The mixture of PLC and LDC was separated on Hi Q Sil C18 HS column, (250 mm A— 4.6 mm, 5 I¼m), column temperature ambient and flow rate 1.2 mL/minutes. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: 0.01 M diethylamine solution (pH adjusts to 6.8 with orthophosphoric acid) (60:40) with detection at 225 nm.Results: The retention time was found to be 6.075±0.12 minutes for PLC and 8.642±0.15 minutes for LDC, respectively. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 1-6 I¼g/mL for both LDC and PLC, respectively. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guideline and values of linearity, precision, robustness, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, selectivity, and recovery were found to be in good accordance with the prescribed value.Conclusion: The proposed method can be useful in the quality control of LDC and PLC in their topical formulation.


Mild Behavioral Impairment describes a spectrum of later‐life onset sustained neuropsychiatric symptoms which are a risk state for dementia. Symptoms which constitute MBI can be grouped into apathy, mood, impulse dyscontrol, social inappropriateness and psychosis. While previous studies have shown the presence of any MBI symptoms (i.e. a global measure) to be associated with worse cognitive performance over one‐year, little is known about the individual constituent domains. In this study we examined the cognitive correlates of each of the five MBI domains over two years in a cognitively normal sample.


The present study investigates the relationship of Korean middle school students' lexico-grammatical knowledge and background knowledge with their English listening competence. It also examines if repeated listening interacting with those two variables has effects on listening comprehension. A total of 68 Korean middle school students participated in the study. The results of the study show that both lexico-grammatical knowledge and background knowledge were highly correlated with listening comprehension. It was also found that repeated listening helped the participants improve listening comprehension regardless of their proficiency level. Further, the participants with more lexico-grammatical knowledge benefited more from repeated listening. The participants with less lexico-grammatical knowledge seemed to take advantage of additional information provided by repetition to increase their content knowledge. The results imply that repeated listening would be effective for listeners to use the top-down process so that they could compensate for their lack of linguistic knowledge.


The paper explores the possibility of using low-cost motion capture technologies to automatically evaluate patient's condition concerning his/her walking condition. Two different technologies, optical markerless and inertial, are used to track the gait to be adopted in a doctor's office or at patient's home. The data acquired are elaborated using commercial and in-house developed tools with the aim of creating, in a near future, a simple environment for medical staff and people non highly skilled in IC technology. The paper shows the feasibility of an automatic detection of a set of gait abnormalities affecting people having a lower limb prosthesis. This constitutes a robust support for orthopedic technicians work and foresees the use of such technology for larger surveys and early detection of gait deviations.


Article is devoted influence of financial crisis on character and volume of the operations connected with legalization of the criminal. The special attention is given a conclusion of illegal capitals in the offshore centers and to tendencies of development of the legislation on counteraction to legalization (washing up) of the incomes received by a criminal way, and terrorism financings.


To maximize the network coverage and extend the life of the network,this paper proposed a wireless sensor networks(WSN) coverage optimal strategy based on standard particle swarm optimization(PSO).By using clustering and collision theory,the particles which fell into the best part area could be chosen rapidly.The strategy also avoided a phenomenon of premature which often occured when using the method of standard PSO,and improved the stability of the algorithm.The paper analyzed the influence about cluster number and threshold value on the coverage performance through the simulation experiment.Experimental results indicate that the collision and clustering-based PSO strategy acts effectively in coverage optimization.


Natural forests are very important landscapes known for the diverse assemblage of species in their ecosystem and form a very productive ecosystem. These forests act as store house for approximately 40% terrestrial carbon. Even one third of the net primary productivity is attributed from these forests. Storage of carbon in the dominant tree component and computing the carbon cycling at regional as well as global level is done through the studies on forest biomass. Measurement of above ground carbon (AGB) of dominant species in different forest communities or plant functional types is of great importance because dominant trees species greatly influence the magnitude and pattern of energy flow that is stored in trees in the form of various substances which are in continues circulation between biotic and abiotic components of ecosystem (Behera et al., 2016). Estimating AGB is a useful measure for comparing structural and functional attributes of forest ecosystems across a wide range of environmental conditions (Brown et al., 1999).


The background of this research is the author's attention to the teaching and learning process of fourth grade students at MI Ulumuddin in the Fiqh subject, there are still many students who seem to lack understanding and enthusiasm in participating in each learning process, thus affecting student learning outcomes in learning. The purpose of this study was to find out: the application of the demonstration method in learning, and improving student learning outcomes at MI Ulumuddin Gudo Jombang in the academic year. This research is a type of field research (field reserch). Researchers used data collection techniques through observation, interviews with school principals, grade IV teachers, and grade IV students and through documentation. The data analysis technique used is by means of data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study show: First, the application of the demonstration method to the Fiqh, namely the initial stage is for the teacher to make a lesson plan. The second stage is the process of applying the demonstration method. The third stage is assessment with the teacher giving assignments to students. The steps for implementing the demonstration method are the teacher giving greetings and greetings to students, then the teacher conveys the learning objectives, then the teacher explains the prayer material to students, after that the teacher practices the material in front of the class, after practicing the teacher appoints one of the students to demonstrate the material that has been taught. explained with their friends, after the students demonstrated the teacher gave conclusions or evaluations and gave assignments in the student book related to prayer material. This method can overcome the monotony of students and make students active in the lesson.


The attempt to analyse the different methods of modern traditional and alternative diagnostics of 11 pathologies is undertaken at. The evaluation of authenticity of each methods and its costs was carried out. Possible prospects of basic traditional (apparatus, instrumental, functional and laboratory) and alternative diagnostic methods are determined. The most promising methods are sonography, X-ray photography, endoscopy, special laboratory examinations, radioisotopic study, instrumental study and electrodiagnosis and slitlamp examination.


PURPOSE: To synthesize a logical circuit in which the number of wirings, the number of gates, and especially a delay value are minimized. CONSTITUTION: A step 104 and a step 114 are operated as necessary. A logical cell in a logic circuit being the object of a logical synthesis is expanded to a basic logical cell (step 108). The expanded basic logical cell is turned into a multi-input logical cell of a composite gate (step 118). Then, a merging processing is operated by considering a similar circuit (step 124) Moreover, the cell is turned into a multi-output logical cell of the composite gate (step 128). Thus, the effective logic synthesis into the multi-input logical cell or the multi-output logical cell can be attained, and not only the number of gates but also the number of wirings and the delay value can be minimized. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Objective To investigate the effect of irbestartan on serum advanced glycosylation end products-peptide(AGE-P) and monocyte chemoatt ractant protein-1(MCP-1) in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes(DN).Methods 60 patients with type 2 diabetes with microalbuminuria(UMA 30-300 μg·mg-1) were conducted into two groups randomly.30 were treated with irbestartan plus glipizide and the others were treated with glipizide alone for six months.Serum AGE-P and MCP-1 were measured by flow injection assay and ELISA respectively before and after treatment.Results Serum MCP-1 in patients with irbestartan plus glipizide decreased significantly after treatment,showing significant difference as compared with that in patients with glipizide alone.Serum AGE-P in all patients was significantly decreased after treatment,but there was no significant difference between the two groups after treatment for three months.However,it was lower in patients with irbestartan plus glipizide after treatment for six months as compared with that in patients with glipizide alone.The reduction of proteinuria/creatinine correlated highly significant with the change in serum MCP-1.Conclusion Irbestartan reduces serum MCP-1 levels elevated in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes and suggests that irbestartan might play the role of reno-protection through suppression of the serum MCP-1.


Cathodoluminescence investigations on bulk undoped semi-insulating GaAs samples taken from different sources reveal the presence of a deep level emission at 0.9 eV at 77 K, with a narrow full width at half maximum of 8 meV. The temperature-dependent and beam-parameter-dependent studies indicate that, the probable origin for this emission may be some nanocluster/quantum-dot like structures with a band gap of 0.9 eV, present inside the semi-insulating GaAs crystal lattice. One possibility for such structures in semi-insulating GaAs are clusters/nanoprecipitates of arsenic.


In order to assess the energy efficiency of household electricity,this paper proposes household electric energy efficiency evaluation index system in smart electricity environment. First construct evaluation index system based on the characteristics of a home user electricity behavior and usage time characteristics of household appliances. Then base on eigenvalues and G1 groups,optimize the initially established index system. Finally,judge the validity and reliability of the evaluation index and index system using validity coefficient method. The feasibility of this method has been verified by examples. Research shows that the use of the index system can objectively evaluate the energy efficiency of household electricity,helpful to build up household electric energy efficiency evaluation system with higher theoretical level and practical value.


Background: Histologic Transformation (HT) of indolent follicular lymphoma to aggressive lymphoma is a critical and sometimes fatal event in a patient's disease course. It is unclear if rituximab influences HT. We have previously shown that single agent rituximab is used earlier in the disease course than traditional chemotherapy likely due to rituximab's high therapeutic index (Cohler et al., ASH 2007). Others have shown rituximab also improves the complete response rate, disease free and overall survival of follicular lymphoma when used as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy. Theoretically, this could reduce the disease burden over a patient's lifetime and consequently the transformation rate. Methods: We retrospectively screened 3500 patients and identified 584 eligible patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) with newly diagnosed, treatment naive, indolent follicular lymphoma. We compared two cohorts of rituximab usage: 1998– 2000 and 2001–2006. In the former, patients received rituximab predominantly in the relapsed setting. In the latter, patients liberally received rituximab even as single agent first line therapy. Histologic transformation to diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the primary study endpoint. All therapy was recorded. Results: Median follow-up time was 92 months for the 1998–2000 cohort and 41 months for the 2001–2006 cohort. Patients in the latter cohort received rituximab both earlier in the course of follow up and more often as a first line therapy. The median time from diagnosis to first rituximab was 21 months vs. 2 months, respectively. Rituximab was given alone or in combination as first line systemic therapy to 36% of the 1998–2000 cohort, but to 93% of the 2001–2006 cohort. The comparative risks of transformation between the two cohorts were not statistically significant (P-value = 0.41 by log rank comparison). The cumulative incidence of transformation 36 months after diagnosis was 8.1% for the 1998– 2000 cohort and 4.4% for the 2001–2006 cohort. Furthermore, patients receiving rituximab first line, either single agent or in combination, compared to patients receiving rituximab as salvage therapy, showed essentially no difference in risk of histologic transformation. (P-value = 0.68) Surprisingly, patients never receiving rituximab had a significantly lower risk of transformation than those who received rituximab at any point (p-value = 0.0095), however, these rituximab naive patients had lower risk FLIPI scores accounting for the difference (p-value = 0.15). Notably, 173/584 patients never received systemic therapy, and 102 of these were expectantly monitored without any local therapy, such as radiotherapy or therapeutic surgery). None of these 102 patients had transformation within the first 36-months of follow up. Finally, we confirm Gine et al.'s earlier finding that a higher risk FLIPI score confers a higher risk of transformation. (Annals of Oncology, 2006) For each unit increase of FLIPI risk score (e.g., 3 a 4), the probability of histologic transformation at any time point increases 1.72 fold. Moreover, high-risk FLIPI patients (3–5 risk factors) have a 3.3-fold increase in risk of HT (p-value Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with FL in 2001–2006 received rituximab earlier in their disease and more frequently than those diagnosed in 1998–2000. However, in contrast to our hypothesis, this did not translate to a lower risk of transformation for the 2001– 2006 cohort. The 36-month risk of transformation was lower in patients with lower FLIPI scores. This data supports the clinical decision to expectantly monitor low-risk FLIPI patients.


Based on monthly data of the mean temperature and precipitation during 1961—2008from the Xingren Meteorological Station in Zhongwei City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,the climate potential productivity and its changes were calculated by using the Miami model and Thornthwaite Memorial model.The results indicated that:(1)The average temperature clearly tended to increase,and the precipitation fluctuated significantly and tended to decrease,which showed that the climate type becoming warm and dry.(2)The temperature potential productivity increased year by year while the precipitation potential productivity and climate potential productivity decreased with fluctuation.(3)The precipitation was highly linearly related to climate potential productivity,but average temperature had no obvious linear correlation to climate potential productivity.The average temperature potential productivity was 2.79 and 2.35 times of that of the precipitation and climate,which indicated that precipitation was the key factor that restricted the climate potential productivity around Xiangshan Mountain.(4)Through scenario analysis of future climate changes,it is found to be warm-dry-type climate as a whole,which is unfavorable for agricultural production around Xiangshan Mountain.Thus,the technology of water-saving agriculture should be rapidly developed to ensure the agricultural production.


The authors, both child psychiatrists, discuss some of the ethical problems that arise in their practice, in relation to advice given in the British Medical Association's Handbook of Medical Ethics. They find that the main problems occur when multidisciplinary cooperation is needed. Their concern about confidentiality is shared in the papers by Kenny, Pheby and their commentators, which follow this one.


SHP-1 is a tumor suppressor gene found in recent years.SHP-1 negatively modulates the differentiation,growth and proliferation of hematopoietic cells by dephosphorylating the downstream proteins,which subsequently either terminate or attenuate the activated growth signal or activate apoptosis pathway.Aberrant promoter methylation is the major mechanism of SHP-1 gene silencing.The decreased levels of SHP-1 protein and mRNA were associated with the transformation and growth advantage of hematopoietic cells,and were related to the onset,aggression,and prognosis of leukemia/lymphoma.


Abstract Since the 2007 food crisis, controversy has engulfed biofuels. Leading up to the crisis, world-wide interest in these fuels—which include biomass, biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel—had been surging as states increasingly saw these as a way to meet greenhouse gas reduction targets and promote sustainable economic development. Now some consumers, notably in Europe, are scaling back demand as they worry that biofuels are responsible for increased food prices and deforestation. In contrast, some states—particularly Brazil and the USA, the world's leading bioethanol producers—continue to promote biofuel development, especially in developing countries. Partnerships arising from these efforts, we argue, reflect new patterns in the international political economy, where trade relationships among developing countries are strengthening, and where economic lines between developed and emerging developing countries are blurring. Given previously observed patterns of resource exploitation involving complex webs of North–South and South–South trade (such as for resources like palm oil in Indonesia), we anticipate that the emerging political economy of biofuels will repeat and reinforce many of these same environmentally destructive trends.


The public debate in Germany about World War I has featured distinctive periods of upsurges and pauses since the end of the war in 1918. In this regard, it is not all that different from what has occurred in the other countries previously engaged in this war, with new images of the world war consistently arising, in each case refl ecting changes in the political and social contexts.1 It is possible here to distinguish four phases, each with its own thought dynamic: the Weimar years; the Third Reich; the years from 1945 to 2000 (during which World War I gradually disappeared from collective consciousness); and fi nally a phase beginning approximately at the recent turn of the century that represented a "rediscovery," whose high point for the time being has been marked by the centenary in 2014.


Mitochondria change their shape through fusion and fission in order to adapt to their metabolic milieu. Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a key regulatory protein in this process, mediating mitochondrial fusion and interaction with endoplasmic reticulum. Targeted deletion of Mfn2 in oocytes resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and female subfertility associated with impaired oocyte maturation and follicle development. Oocytes lacking MFN2 showed shortened telomeres and increased apoptosis, resulting in compromised oocyte quality and accelerated follicular depletion, consistent with a reproductive aging phenotype.


Abstract : Recording tactical evolution, this CHECO report depicts varying attempts to suppress the AAA/MIG/SAM threat in North Vietnam. A continuing report, it discusses North Vietnam defenses, the MIG barrier in Route Package areas, and effectiveness of strike forces in accomplishing Interdiction. The initial report on "Air Tactics Against NVN Air/Ground Defenses" provided background data through November 1966. Three previous CHECO reports titled "ROLLING THUNDER" examined air tactics. Detailed studies of systems and tactics mentioned in this report may be found in CHECO publications: "Tactical Electronic Warfare Operations in SEA, 1962-1968," and "Air-to-Air Encounters over NVN, 1 July 1967-31 December 1968."


See related article, pp 1006–1015

Hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and renal disease.1 Although the principal cause of hypertension is likely renal, vascular dysfunction is critical,2 and the increased arterial tone associated with hypertension contributes to the development of the pathology. This is highlighted by recent studies indicating that the endogenous vasoconstrictor angiotensin II is a likely contributor to vascular dysfunction in human3 and hypertension models.4

In the current issue of Hypertension , a study from Bannister et al5 addressed an important and yet unresolved question in vascular physiology: what are the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in the function of dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels in arterial myocytes during hypertension? Through a series of elegant experiments they provide an interesting and unexpected answer to this difficult conundrum. Below, we describe the context and implications of their findings.

In arterial smooth muscle, L-type Ca2+ currents are produced by channels composed of pore-forming CaV1.2 α1 subunits and accessory β and α2δ-1 subunits. …


This is an ambitious and rather demanding book bringing Derridean 'deconstruction' – somewhat belatedly – to international relations analysis, but reaching far beyond the disciplinary debates in this field. Although most of the chapters have already appeared in different journals, their assembly and integration show the heuristic potential of engaging with the major debates in international relations, social theory and epistemology from a new perspective. In this review, I shall concentrate on Arfi's theoretical and epistemological contributions, although he has also contributed to the intercultural dialogue between Islam and the West, and the present book contains in chapter 5 an accessible and interesting discussion of identity formation as exemplified by the biographies of two leading Muslim public intellectuals. The epistemological chapters are, as I said, 'ambitious' because Arfi obviously did not write just another book or 'reader' on international relations (IR) theory – so popular among publishers and the 'profession'. Rather, he wanted to show how by 'doing' deconstruction some of the most problematic puzzles of international relations theory can be illuminated. This requires digging deeper into the philosophical presuppositions of our common understandings. It is also rather demanding – vide his discussion of the notion of khora taken from Plato's most difficult work, the Timaios,1 which is then put to work


The subject of the article is the creative work by the contemporary artist Petr Pavlovich Yefremov, who has illustrated more than 300 books on philosophy and culture studies. The article considers the problems arising in this field of creative art. It puts forward the idea that an illustrator of the works in humanities acts as an "interpretor", as a hermeneut looking for the visual correlates of philosophical meanings.


Three dimensional processes and temporal and spatial variations of the water exchange in Yueqingwan Bay are studied by statistical analysis of observed data,and also by EFDC model.A convection-diffusion model of dissolved conservative tracer was run after the hydrodynamic simulation became stable.And the water replacement was calculated with the tracer mass concentration in the Bay.The calculated results show that the rising tide flows north-westwards,presenting a floodplain form with low flow velocity,and that the falling tide flows south-eastwards and finally into the sea with higher velocity than the rising tide,and that the duration of the rising tide is greater than that of the falling tide.Because of terrestrial obstruction and seabed friction,the direction and speed of the open sea tidal wave begins to change after entering into the bay,the speed decreases from east to west of the bay-mouth and from the bay-mouth to the bay-head,and the shallow water component gradually increases,so does the tidal range.The results of water replacement show that the water exchange mainly occurs between the open sea water from both sides of Luxi Island and the bay water,and between the bay water to the west of the bay-mouth and the diluted water of runoff from the north estuary of the Oujiang river.There is a great difference of water exchange from the bay-mouth to bay-head.Take the narrowest section(from Lianyu to Dashuishan) as a boundary,the water to its south can be fully exchanged within a month while it can not reach the bay-mouth in two months to its north.The topography to the north of the section is complicated with a lot of islands in this area.The pollutants are mainly transported by the tidal inlets among the islands.Due to the bottleneck effect of the section,the water exchange to the north of the section is slightly weaker.The calculated average exchange rate shows that the water exchange rate is very different.It only needs less than 5 days for 90% of water near the bay-month to be replaced by the open sea water,while the pollutant concentration in the bay-head changes little.80% of the bay water has been replaced by the open sea water after 15 days,90% after 40 days and 97% at the 70th day.


Recuperators are frequently used in glass production and metallurgical processes to preheat combustion air by heat exchange with high temperature flue gases. Mass and energy balances of a 15 m high, concurrent radiant recuperator used in a glass fiber production process are given. The balances are used: for validation of a cell modeling method that predicts the performance of different recuperator designs, and for finding a simple solution to improve the existing recuperator. Three possible solutions are analyzed: to use the existing recuperator as a countercurrent one, to add an extra cylinder over the existing construction, and to make a system that consists of a central pipe and two concentric annular ducts. In the latter, two air streams flow in opposite directions, whereas air in the inner annular passage flows concurrently or countercurrently to flue gases. Compared with the concurrent recuperator, the countercurrent has only one drawback: the interface temperature is higher at the bottom. The advantages are: lower interface temperature at the top where the material is under maximal load, higher efficiency, and smaller pressure drop. Both concurrent and countercurrent double pipe-in-pipe systems are only slightly more efficient than pure concurrent and countercurrent recuperators, respectively. Their advantages are smaller interface temperatures whereas the disadvantages are their costs and pressure drops. To implement these solutions, the average velocities should be: for flue gas around 5 m/s, for air in the first passage less than 2 m/s, and for air in the second passage more than 25 m/s.


Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver-related morbidities and mortality. Antiviral treatment is highly successful but only a fraction of infected subjects are aware of their HCV status; therefore, prevalence studies are essential to identify HCV-infected individuals. Our aim was to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of HCV infection among working-age adults in Madrid (Spain). Extended screening for HCV infection was performed by measuring HCV antibodies in blood collected preoperatively from individuals requiring surgical treatment of work-related injuries or at baseline from subjects suffering occupational exposures to biological fluids. HCV RNA was measured in HCV antibody-positive subjects unaware of their HCV status. Serum aminotransferases were measured in all participants. During a six-year period (2013-2018), 16,734 consecutive patients were studied. Two hundred and twenty-eight (1.4%) were HCV antibody-positive [191 (83.8%) males; 37 (16.2%) females; median (SD) age: 49.2 (7.5) years], 94 (41.2%) were unaware of their HCV status, and 41 (17.9%) had detectable HCV RNA [mean (SD) log10 UI/mL: 5.6 (1.1)]. Most HCV antibody-positive subjects were born during the 1945-1965 period (birth cohort group), and the prevalence of active HCV infection was higher in this group (56.1% vs 43.9%; p = 0.194). Overall, 62 (27.8%) participants had elevated serum aminotransferases, including 22 (57.9%) with active HCV infection (p < 0.001). Screening for HCV infection in working-age adults detected a significant proportion of HCV-infected individuals with viremia and normal transaminase levels, who were unaware of their infection status. Extended screening for HCV infection is warranted.


Changes to conflicts involving the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and its design in the Gideon and Tnufa (Momentum) multi-year plans necessitate a profound examination of how army reserves will be employed in aspects such as order of battle, organisation, fighting and support equipment, training, competence, and readiness for fighting scenarios and situations. In practice, the IDF's operational concept for the reserves in emergency and war situations seems to have changed years ago, but it should be clearly defined and explained to all relevant entities, and in particular to the reserves themselves. Dotan Druck argues that the current concept is no longer 'the regulars will hold', as it originally was, but now 'the reserves will hold' or 'the reserves will allow the regulars to decide'.◼


This letter introduces a new approach to steady state analysis of nonlinear microwave circuits under periodic excitation. The new method is similar to the well known technique of Harmonic Balance, but uses wavelets as basis functions instead of Fourier series. Use of wavelets allows significant increase in sparsity of the equation matrices and consequently decrease in CPU cost and storage requirements, while retaining accuracy and convergence of the traditional approach. The new method scales linearly with the size of the problem and is well suited for large scale simulations.


The relationship between innovation and spaces has been long investigated. The concepts of "learning region" and milieux innovateur help in understanding the relationship between space and innovation, especially in regional economics. Creativity has been addressed as the solution to many urban and regional problems. Starting from the creative city to creative industries and its implications in economics, the importance of innovation on territories has been investigated. The purpose of this paper is to define the creative destination, especially in the case of tourism destinations. We will use the literature on exaptation to understand how destination may use innovation and creativity to adapt to new markets, often created directly by entrepreneurs. The case of location-based services with its possible implications concludes the paper.


Purpose
Although the integration of sustainability into business strategies and operations has received considerable scholarly attention, little is known about how sustainability initiatives across the extended value chain affect this integration. This study aims to analyze the impact of multinational corporations' supply chain sustainability initiatives on their environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) performance and the moderating role of the key country-level factors of the multinational's headquarters.

Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzes data published by the top 201 multinationals among Fortune Global 500 companies over the period 2011–2021 on their attempts to integrate sustainability measures in extended supply chains and the resultant impact on their ESG scores. A fixed-effect model is used in the primary empirical study.

Findings
Results indicate that managerial interventions through a more robust supply chain policy framework, monitoring mechanisms, corrective actions and training initiatives lead to better ESG-environment pillar performance for multinationals. Additionally, the ESG-environment pillar performance is influenced by the socioeconomic model and country-level ESG risks of the nation where the multinational is headquartered.

Originality/value
The implications of this study are vital for understanding the criticality of sustainability initiatives in the supply chain for a firm's overall ESG performance. To attain better levels of sustainable performance, multinationals must assume a stewardship position and deploy sustainability initiatives in their extended supply chain.


The guardianship system is an important part of the civil law system in our country. With the development of society and reform, the traditional guardianship system does not meet the requirements of the times. This article defines the legislation and theory of guardianship system malpractice, and proposes consummation of the guardianship system before clarifying a definition. It puts forward the proposition the guardianship system should adhere to or be based on marriage and family law and establish and improve accordance of the parental supervision system with Chinese characteristics, to regulate the parental supervision legal system.


The invention relates to cellulose fibres having an improved dosing ability, to a method for the production thereof and to the use thereof for reinforcing composite materials, in particular thermoplastic polymers.


The present invention discloses one kind of heat resistant nylon material containing thermal liquid crystal polymer. The heat resistant nylon material consists of nylon-6 slice 60-70 wt%, thermal liquid crystal polymer 25-35 wt%, cross-linking agent 4.5 wt% and antioxidant 0.5 wt%. Its preparation process includes the steps of: mixing all the components via stirring, extruding at 250 deg.c or 260 deg.c, drawing, pelletizing and injection molding. The heat resistant nylon material has Vicat softening point up to 230 deg.c and high melt flow rate, and may be used in making different kinds of heat resistant nylon parts.


Objective Tostudytheexpressionandsignificanceofnuclearfactor-B(NF-kB)andapoptosisindexinthy-roid carcinoma.Methods 75 patients with thyroid carcinoma and 10 normal thyroid were studied for detection of ap-optotic index by TUNEL method,and the expression of NF-kB by immunohistochemistry.Results The mean apop-tosis index in thyroid carcinoma and normal thyroid group were 20.08±4.39 and 10.70±2.66,respectively(P0.05).There was no significant association between apoptosis index and the histological type.The expression of NF-kB in thy-roid cancer was obviously higher than that in normal thyroid tissue(P0.05).There were no significant difference among different pathological type of cancer(P0.05).There was a significantly positive correlation between apoptosis index and the expression of NF-kB in thyroid carcinoma(r=0.506,P0.01).Conclusions High expression of NF-kB in thyroid cancer which affects the apoptosis index of the thyroid carcinoma.


Accounting as an information science has increasingly important role in the promotion of Sustainable Development, because its systematic registration and control provides data about spending and investment with the environment as well as a possibility to minimize expenses or costs and assess the impact social and environmental business of the organization. The present study intends to collaborate with the development of methodologies of carbon emissions calculation in Small-sized Enterprises, with emphasis on the consumption of electricity, on the basis of a Beauty Salon analysis. Using exploratory, descriptive and applied research, the techniques used were direct observation, for the inventory of electronics equipment and not-structured interview of the owner for identification of subjective aspects and gather further details. Recently, Brazil has committed to reduce by 37% the emissions of greenhouse gases between 2005 and 2025 and by 43% in 2030. However, carbon footprint calculation is not always compatible with priorities and reality of small and micro companies, justifying this study which presents preliminary ideas in order to contribute to the minimization of environmental impacts arising from operations with require electrical energy to drive processes and equipment. Results indicate the possibility of reduction in CO2 emissions with small interventions for example, modifying the lighting design, with the use of light-emitting diodes (LED) in replacement of incandescent bulbs, opening possibilities of creation of public policies for sustainable consumption in this economic segment. Considering that profit increasing and cost reduction are reinforcement for Corporate Environmental Responsibility, the present study shows a simple way to collaborate on the achievement of Sao Paulo State Climate Change Policy and  Brazilian National Plan on Climate Change goals as well as the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions of COP21.


Only long-term observation of healthy children, brain-damaged children, children growing in healthful surroundings, and those reared in a very unfavorable milieu for many years can clarify links and symptoms and help us develop reliable diagnostic techniques and a treatment program with a good prognosis. With this in mind, every high-risk child and every fifth child of normal birth born in Rostock proper during 1970/1971 prospectively became the subject of study. Large amounts of data were recorded by obstetricians, pediatricians, and perinatalogists. All the children in our sample had to satisfy our definition of "normal" - i.e., present no abnormalities in physical development, attend a creche, and, upon reaching the age of three years, a kindergarten, before beginning normal school education at age six. We began with 300 children, but lost 6 from the sample because their parents moved away from the area. We therefore had 294 children 2 years of age for study, 146 considered to be at risk of developing mental problems, and 148, free of such risks. Children at especially high risk because of neurological impairments were not included in the present study. We were able to reexamine 279


Water stress is a major threat to crop production in climate change scenario. Leaf physiological traits play an important role in maintenance of plant physiological processes under water stress. Therefore, the present study was conducted to characterize the leaf physiological traits of cotton under water stress as well as investigate the genetics of their inheritance. Sixty cotton hybrids along with parents were sown in field conditions in triplicate following split plot design under normal and water stress conditions. Data were collected for leaf physiological traits i.e. Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Crosses namely, CIM-482 × NIAB Karishma, MNH-93 × S-12, CRIS-134 × ACALA-1517-C, CP-15/2 × FH-1000 and CRIS-134 × CIM-506 exhibited higher estimates of heritability, heterosis and heterobeltiosis suggested the presence of potential for genetic improvement through breeding and selection. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant differences among the genotypes for all the studied traits. Beside the lines i.e. FH-900, MNH-93 and NIAB-111 and testers CIM-506, NIAB Karishma and MNH-129 were found to be good general combiner under water stress conditions. The preponderance of non-additive gene action for the traits mentioned in this manuscript depict that superior combinations in current study can be used in drought tolerant cotton varieties with early generation selection.


A description of the civil lawsuit brouht by Pedro Felix Patino -who had recourse to the fuero of the University of Alcala de Henares- against Mateo Sega de Bogueiro, archbishop of Mexico. This description allows us to know about the juridical proceedings ot the said fuero, and how it worked in a practical way.


A hot-electron InGaAs/InP heterostructure bipolar transistor (HBT) is discussed. A unity-current-gain cutoff frequency of 110 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation of 58 GHz are realized in transistors with 3.2*3.2- mu m/sup 2/ emitter size. Nonequilibrium electron transport, with an average electron velocity approaching 4*10/sup 7/ cm/s through the thin (650 AA) heavily doped (p=5*10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/) InGaAs base and 3000-AA-wide collector space-charge region, results in a transit delay of 0.5 ps corresponding to an intrinsic cutoff frequency of 318 GHz.<<ETX>>


This paper reports on two media whose acoustic properties are highly pressure dependent and, thus, have large nonlinear parameters (B/A∼−3000 to −5000). One is Xanthan gelatin filled with, 10%, Expancel microspheres. The other is a polyurethane rubber, Polytek 74, with 20% Expancel microspheres. The microspheres have a high bulk modulus at ambient pressure due to the hoop stiffness of the spherical shell. As pressure is increased some of the microspheres buckle, leading to significantly decreased bulk modulus. The decreasing bulk modulus with increasing hydrostatic pressure (negative dc/dp) results in both negative B/A and low sound speed (150 m/s at the minimum), which further enhances nonlinear distortion. These media are used to enhance the efficiency of an underwater parametric source. Experiments on a spherical source with a thin layer (2 cm thick) of the Xanthan gelatin material resulted in a generated difference frequency source level 16 dB higher at 300 Hz, than would be obtained driving the transducer directly at the difference frequency. Experiments on the same source with a thin layer of the microvoided, polyurethane rubber are in progress. This material has a smaller coefficient of nonlinearity but operates over a broader range of hydrostatic pressures.


The prediction of effective elastic properties of a granular medium using ultrasonic data based on contact models has been studied widely in both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. In contrast, a calculation of the elastic properties of the constituent grains using similar data by inverting the equations from those models is a rather new concept. To do so, we have developed a controlled experiment technique that includes a uniaxial compaction test and measures ultrasonic velocities of four unconsolidated quartz sand samples with different sorting and grain shapes. We observe that both P‐ and S‐wave velocities are significantly influenced by the microstructure or internal arrangement of the grains. Well sorted and more spherical and rounded samples show higher velocities than the poorly sorted and less spherical and rounded samples. A microstructural parameter – namely coordination number – we have calculated from high resolution micro computed tomography images provides a good match between the model and dynamic effective bulk moduli of the sand pack. Combining this coordination number with a frictional parameter calculated from the measured velocity ratios has been very effective to fit the model with the dynamic effective shear moduli. Using these two key parameters along with the experiment results in the contact model we have been able to obtain the elastic parameters of the quartz sand grains in the sample. Elastic parameters obtained thus are very close to the actual values of the quartz grains found in the literature. This technique can be useful in hard rock mineral exploration where missing core samples or an absence of well logs can be replaced by laboratory measurements of powders to find the elasticity or velocities of the rocks. Moreover, the elastic properties of the solid phase calculated using this technique can be used as input parameters for the fluid substitution and rock physics characterization of unconsolidated reservoir sands.