Abstract : A systematic research program to investigate the capability of the Lockheed-developed 'rigid' rotor system in the XH-51A helicopters is discussed. The primary objective of the research program was to attain level flight performance at a true airspeed of 200 knots; 210 knots true airspeed was actually attained with the Compound XH-51A. Analytical studies, design, fabrication and modification, laboratory tests, wind tunnel and ground tests, and research flight tests of two rotor configurations and a 'compound' version of the helicopter were performed.


'Booting' and 'flushing' are terms used to describe an injecting behaviour in which the plunger is pulled back and the fluid (mostly blood and perhaps blood only) is re‐injected. The behaviour differs from 'registering', which occurs before the drug is injected. Booting/flushing can produce subcutaneous and venous damage, and increases the risk for the spread of blood‐borne viruses when used equipment is passed on to other injectors. The purpose of the study was to explore the extent of flushing, the context of flushing and IDUs' self‐reported reasons for flushing. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 59 IDUs in Northern Ireland, who were recruited through various strategies. Respondents' ages ranged from 22 to 50 years and females comprised 34% of the sample. Mean length of injecting career was 8.3 years. A total of 46% reported flushing on a regular basis during some or most of the injecting career. The results showed that flushing occurs for different reasons and, in comparison with research conducted elsewhere, is not associated solely with cocaine or speedball injection. Interventions designed to reduce the extent of flushing must take into account the various reasons for the behaviour.


The aim of this study was to investigate the mucus-penetrating properties of neutral nanoparticles comprising polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyallylamine (PAM). Three types of nanoparticles were prepared. PAA nanoparticles and PAM nanoparticles were obtained by ionic gelation with calcium ions and tripolyphosphate, respectively. Polyacrylic acid and polyallylamine nanoparticles were prepared on the basis of ionic interactions between the two polymers. All nanoparticles were loaded with fluorescein diacetate as a fluorescence marker. The PAA-PAM nanoparticles were further characterized by measuring the particle size via dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy as well as surface charge. The cytotoxicity was examined via resazurin and LDH assay. A modified ussing chamber mounted with native intestinal porcine mucus was used to study the diffusion properties of obtained neutral nanoparticles compared to control particles. The obtained neutral particles displayed smooth and spherical surface with a particle size range of 200 nm and a zeta potential of 0.9 mV. The neutral PAA-PAM nanoparticles demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cell monolayers. The diffusion efficiency of neutral nanoparticles through native mucus was 2.5-fold and 1.8-fold higher than PAM and PAA nanoparticles, respectively. Taking enhanced mucus-penetrating properties into account, the neutral surface turned to be slippery. Therefore neutral nanoparticles were shown to be very promising in drug delivery via mucus membranes of different cavities.


This paper presents techniques for achieving various combinations of zero-incremental and zero-gross-sensitivity integrated (active RC filter circuits. Use is made of the fact that in the usual integrated circuit, all the capacitors have the same temperature coefficient, and similarly with the resistors. It is shown how this may be exploited to achieve for the system complex pole pair: 1) zero incremental sensitivity to temperature variations at a single temperature T_{1} ; 2) identical values at any two temperatures T_{1}, T_{2} 3) incremental sensitivity at T_{1} and identical values at T_{1}, T_{2} ; 4) identical values at T_{1}, T_{2}, T_{3} . The techniques are applicable whenever each member of the same class of elements (such as resistors, capacitors, etc.) has the same relative change from the nominal.


Purpose:To evaluate the operative indication and clinical outcome for children neuropathic bladder.Methods:The total of 22 children with neuropathic bladder accepted cystometry, urethrometry, ice water test and cystography and were verified as detrusor areflexia without vesicoureteric reflux.Those patients whthin normal urethral pressure received rectus abdominis muscle transposition to envelope the bladder. Results:Of 22 cases with urinary incontinence, 20 cases can urinate by themselves, their residual urine volumes reduced apparently. The urinary flow rate was more than 15ml/s in 10 cases after operation. In 4 cases of moderate compromised renal function before operation, 3 cases improved obviously. In 5 cases of mild compromised renal function 4 cases recovered. Conclusions:This operation has a better effect on protecting renal function and lightening life inconvenience of children with neuropathic bladder. It is a viable atlernative method for children neuropahtic bladder of detrusor areflexia.


Backround : Two earthquakes in the north‐west region of Turkey destroyed 80% of the houses and schools in Düzce in 1999. This study was conducted to determine the parasitic infection rate associated with the post‐earthquake unhealty living conditions and related epidemiological risk factors.


I propose to consider very briefly the approach of the American courts to the petroleum and natural gas lease. I propose next to consider Canadian cases relating to other types of contract· and Canadian cases relating to oil and gas leases in order to compare the judicial approach in these different cases. I propose then to consider whether there are any conclusions to be drawn. Oil and gas law has had a much longer period of development in the United States. The American law influences Canadian practice and appears to influence Canadian judicial decisions. The American law therefore· makes a convenient starting point. Summers 1 says that the American courts have on many occasions said that the lease should be construed in favour of the lessor and against the lessee. He says that there are two main reasons for making the statement. The first reason is that the American courts have in general taken the position that the whole purpose of the lease transaction is to procure development of the property, and they have construed the lease accordingly. Summers questions the validity of this policy of the law in view of two developments. The first is the growth of conservation policies which indicate a public policy which is not necessarily the policy of development. The second is the practice of paying a substantial bonus on the granting of the lease. This bonus itself is an objective of the lessor so that development is not the only objective. The second reason is that the lease, in the great majority of cases, is prepared by the lessee and tendered by the lessee for execution by the lessor. The general rule of interpretation is that a contract is to be construed against the party who tenders it for execution by the other party. The opinion of Summers is that it is not correct to say as a general rule of interpretation that the lease is to be construed in favour of the lessor and against the lessee; his opinion is that the "development" theory results in the lease being construed against a lessee who does not develop; and that construction against the party tendering the contract results in a construction adverse to a lessee who tenders the contract for execution. Summers points out that the court does not have the power "to place a different interpretation upon the contract on grounds of policy that it would be better for the lessor or landowners to have the contract different". He says that this rule of construction ( that the expressed intent of the parties is controlling) does not conflict with the rules previously referred to, since the rules previously referred to apply only when there is uncertainty and ambiguity on the face of the lease. He points out however that not all courts have observed the distinction. Summers mentions two other propositions which are relevant here.


Abstract Stirred tank reactors are widely used in the chemical process industry and in many of them there are problems and constraints related to the temperature control. In order to achieve a model suitable for temperature control of such a system a number of ad hoc assumptions and approximations are generally made. Here, a method to systematically evaluate the validity of such simplifications based on the resulting performance of the controlled closed loop system is proposed. The method is applied to a two-compartment model of a reactor with an exothermic reaction. It is then shown that many standard assumptions are reasonable but some assumptions are clearly not advisable because of possibly deteriorated closed loop performance.


During PWR reflood following a loss of coolant accident, precursory cooling prior to the arrival of the rewetting front is vital to avoid unacceptably high cladding temperatures. This precursory cooling is by a flow of superheated vapour, with entrained saturated drops, which evaporate into the vapour and act as a heat sink. In this paper we investigate a complementary mechanism; the direct cooling of the cladding by the drops themselves. Cladding temperatures are such that wetting does not occur. On the contrary, droplets bounce off a vapour cushion formed during the ~10ms or so they are in close proximity to the cladding. Using a combination of previous experimental correlations and recent CFD calculations, we estimate the 'Joules per droplet' and the 'droplets per square metre per second' under these circumstances. The heat extracted by those droplets is found to be about 1/10 of the heat extracted by single phase vapour under typical reflood conditions. There are necessarily considerable uncertainties in these figures, but it seems that direct cooling by droplets, not generally incorporated in analyses of reflood, could actually be making a worthwhile contribution to keeping cladding temperatures tolerable.


Data of solar coordinate such as longitude and latitude of the ecliptic, declination, and right ascension are the data that are often involved in astronomical reckoning and practical islamic astronomy. These data are often found in ephemeris tables such as the ephemeris of Hisab Rukyat by Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Nautica Almanac and others. One of the algorithms used in the preparation of ephemeris data tables is the Jean Meeus Higher Accuracy algorithm. Calculation of ephemeris data of solar coordinates using these algorithms starts with counting Julian Day (JD) and Julian Day Ephemeris (JDE). By using advanced algorithms based on VSOP87 theory, we can then calculate the longitude and latitude of the solar ecliptic, the distance of the earth to the Sun, the true obliquity (angle between the celestial equator and the ecliptic), the right ascension and declination, the equation of time and the Sun's semi diameter. The calculation of the solar coordinate in this paper is for June 7, 2017 at 19.00 WIB or 12.00 GMT. The results will then be compared with the data of solar coordinate in Ephemeris Hisab Rukyat 2017 at the same time.


Memorandum presenting the effect of magnesium particles of various equivalent diameters on the apparent viscosity, sedimentation ratio, and redispresibility of petroleum-stabilized magnesium-JP-4 slurries. Powders of the following equivalent diameters were investigated: 2.8, 3.8, 7.2, 9.3, 12.0, and 14.8 microns. An analysis of the experimental error and reproducibility of values of apparent viscosity, sedimentation ratio, and redispersibility of the slurries was also made.


Basing on the architecture which having B/S combined with C/S,a warehouse monitoring system was developed and connected with Web publishing platform through GE Proficy Historian real-time historical database platform and GE Proficy Realtime Information Portal real-time data analysis platform.The system,taking GE Proficy iFIX as interface station,employs iFIX data collector to complete data acquisition and then has the real-time field data,monitoring menus,trend curves,alarms and analysis reports released to workshops and offices via the company backbone.


Abstract 1460 Many patients with hematologic malignancies choose hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as a treatment option. The most common source of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSC/HPC) for adult recipients is mobilized Peripheral Blood (mobPB). Limited quantities of HSC/HPC obtainable from an umbilical cord restricts its use for adult recipients . Ex vivo treatment of umbilical cord blood (CB) with cytokines and growth factors is being used to expand the population of cord blood HSC/HPCs in hopes of obtaining higher numbers of transplantable CB cells. In addition, cytokines and growth factors are often utilized post-transplant in an attempt to improve the rate of immune reconstitution. It has been previously reported that granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) up-regulate CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV/DPPIV) activity on freshly isolated CD34 + CB cells within 18 hours of culture [Christopherson, et al . Exp Hematol 2006]. Separate studies have demonstrated that treatment of uncultured CD34 + CB cells with the CD26 inhibitor Diprotin A increases transplant efficiency into immunodeficient mice [Christopherson, et al . Stem Cells Dev . 2007]. We evaluated here the in vitro and in vivo effects of CD26 inhibitor treatment on previously frozen CB CD34 + cells cultured ex vivo with G-CSF, GM-CSF or SCF for 48 hours. We examined CD26 expression by multivariate flow cytometry, CD26 activity using the established chromogenic CD26 substrate, Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide (Gly-Pro-pNA), and SDF-1α induced migration and adhesion. In vivo , we examined long-term engraftment in NSG (NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ null ) immunodeficient mice. After 48 hours of culture with cytokine treatment we observed altered CD26 expression on CD34 + CB cells. There was both an increase in the percentage of CD26 + cells and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD26. Additionally, CD26 activity was 1.20, 1.59, 1.58, and 1.65 fold greater after ex vivo culture in untreated, G-CSF, GM-CSF and SCF treated CB CD34 + cells respectively compared to the CD26 activity prior to culture. The increase in CD26 activity as a result of treatment with G-CSF (p≤ 0.01), GM-CSF (p≤ 0.05) or SCF (p≤ 0.01) was significantly higher than the CD26 activity measured in the untreated cells following 48 hours of culture. Post-culture treatment with the CD26 inhibitor, Diprotin A, significantly improved SDF-1α induced migration and adhesion of cultured CD34 + CB cells in vitro, particularly in G-CSF treated cells (p≤ 0.05). Diprotin A treatment of CD34 + CB cells previously treated with G-CSF also significantly increased the long-term in vivo engraftment of stem and progenitor (CD34 + CD38 - , p=0.032), monocyte (CD14 + , p=0.015), and megakaryocyte/platelet (CD61 + , p=0.020) cells in the bone marrow of NSG mice. CD26 has been previously shown to cleave SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXCL12). After cleavage, SDF-1 retains its ability to bind to its receptor (CXCR4) but no longer signals. SDF-1 is a powerful chemoattractant and has been shown to be important in mobilization, homing, and engraftment of HSCs and HPCs. This study demonstrates the influence of ex vivo culture and the effect of cytokine treatment on CD26 activity and subsequent biologic function related to HSCT. All three cytokines studied caused a significant increase in enzymatic activity at 48 hours compared to untreated cells. The up-regulation of CD26 protein expression caused by cytokine treatment for 48 hours, in particular G-CSF, had a significant impact on SDF-1 stimulated migration and adhesion. This was demonstrated in vitro by the improvement in cell function after CD26 inhibitor treatment and in vivo by the improved engraftment seen in the G-CSF treated cells with CD26 inhibitor treatment. These experiments suggest that combining CD26 inhibitor treatment following culture with G-CSF treatment during culture has the greatest overall benefit in engraftment outcome. By increasing our understanding of the effects of exogenous cytokines during culture on trafficking, ex vivo expanded CB has the potential to become a more effective means of not only increasing numbers of CB HSC/HPCs but also engraftment outcomes. This would ultimately allow expanded cord blood to become a more viable option for HSCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


A permutation in S n , from the viewpoint of permutation patterns, can be described as a pair of linear orders on the set {1, 2, . . . , n}. Thus the study of permutation patterns can thus be viewed as one particular example in the study of relational structures, an amorphous field that includes as other examples the study of posets, partitions, and graphs. While much permutation patterns research is specific to permutations, owing both to the peculiarities of permutations and the largely enumerative interests of permutation pattern researchers, there are several areas in which the theory of relational structures can be applied. I will describe two such areas: atomicity and simplicity.


A 28-year-old woman was referred to our clinic with a one-year history of recurrent eruptions of severely itchy disseminated papular lesions. A short course of oral steroids only produced temporary remission of the lesions. Physical examination showed numerous roundish papules, some of them studded by erosions or serosanguineous crusts, distributed on the face, scalp, neck, abdomen, and limbs (Fig. 1a,b). Erosive and hyperkeratotic lesions were present on the cheek mucosa, bilaterally (Fig. 1c). Laboratory tests were normal, while the histopathological examination of a papular lesion showed a subepidermal blister with fibrin deposits and numerous neutrophils (Fig. 1d). A mixed inflammatory infiltrate was localized in the perivascular sites of superficial and medium dermis (Fig. 1d). Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) of the perilesional skin demonstrated linear deposits of immunoglobulin A (IgA) along the basement membrane zone (BMZ) (Fig. 1e). Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), using monkey esophagus and human healthy skin as substrates, was negative. Salt-split skin (SSS)-IIF showed a linear deposit of IgA along the epidermal side of normal human skin. Immunoblot analysis of both epidermal and dermal extracts was negative. Based on these findings, we diagnosed linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD), and oral therapy with prednisone 50 mg daily was started, with good response in two months. Therefore, prednisone was slowly tapered by 5 mg every two weeks, with long-term remission. After eight months of follow-up, the patient did not show any relapse of the disease. LABD is a rare subepidermal blistering disease characterized by linear IgA deposits at the BMZ. LABD usually presents with vesicles, blisters, and/or erosions involving the skin and – frequently – the mucous membranes, while papules or nodules are generally absent with the exception of two cases recently described by our research group. In the case herein reported, the patient presented with typical symptoms and signs of subacute prurigo, a prurigo variant characterized by severely pruritic 1500


Earth is a natural source of energy. We get energy from natural sources like Sun, Water, Wind, earth. Energy is the essential part of our life. It is used all around us. In day to day life we depend on energy. Energy can be in the form of thermal, radiant, electrical, mechanical, and chemical and atomic energy. Thermal and radiant energy comes directly from sun, electrical and mechanical energy comes indirectly from the sun, and chemical and atomic energy are independent from sun. Energy is present in many different forms all around us. It is everywhere in great abundance. Nature has been producing lots of energy. Energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, motor fuels , and rural energy services. Solar energy is used for generating electricity, Heating of water and heating and cooling of buildings. Wind and Hydroelectric energy is also used to produce electricity. Biomass is used for making bioproducts and making fuels and gases. Hydrogen and fuel cells are used for reducing pollution in cities. Hydrogen is used in fuel cell which is similar to batteries and gives power to motor. Geothermal power is used to produce electricity and cooling or heating of buildings using shallow ground.


Ion channels are biological nanotubes formed by large protein molecules. In this paper we address the permeation problem which deals with the propagation of individual ions in an ion channel at an Angstrom unit spatial scale and femtosecond time scale. We present an adaptive controlled Brownian dynamics simulation approach to predict the structure of an ion channel. The Brownian dynamics algorithm is coupled with a stochastic gradient algorithm to match the simulated current with experimentally determined currents.


The monopoly of the state for the right to inflict punishments and penalties is doubtlessly the most prominent attribute of national sovereignty – the criminal law exhibits a specific association with the state law. It is the branch of the law that is the least flexible in adapting both to the international law and the EU law.1 This refers to all sections of the criminal law, including the field that we may name environmental criminal law (droit de penal de l'environement in French, Umweltstrafrecht in German). Attempts have been made to internationalise and further to Europeanise the environmental criminal law. If we adopt the publication of U. Thant's famous report The problems of human environment in May 1969 as the starting point for the international community's interest in the threats and thus the protection of environment, we will notice that merely ten years afterwards the problems of environmental protection appeared on the agenda of the AIDP Congress (Hamburg 1979), preceded by a preparatory colloquium (Jabłonna near Warsaw 1978)2. AIDP addressed those issues again on the Rio de Janeiro Congress in 1994, preceded by the preparatory colloquium in Ottawa in 1992.3 Despite the stricte scientific nature of the Congresses, the normative structures developed there had considerable impact on the concepts of criminal liability in environmental protection in international and EU law. This was simply due to the fact that the Congresses were attended by scientific experts who then in one way or another participated in the preparation of international, EU and domestic laws.


BACKGROUND: The Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bloodless Center was established in 2000, and more than 2000 bloodless surgeries has been performed there since. This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of patients who underwent bloodless surgery and the influences of postoperative lowest hemoglobin level (Hblow) along with the lowest postoperative Hb/preoperative Hb ratio (Hblow/pre) on successful completion of bloodless surgery.


Cell division and the resulting changes to the cell organization affect the shape and functionality of all tissues. Thus, understanding the determinants of the tissue-wide changes imposed by cell division is a key question in developmental biology. Here, we use a network representation of live cell imaging data from shoot apical meristems (SAMs) in Arabidopsis thaliana to predict cell division events and their consequences at a tissue level. We show that a classifier based on the SAM network properties is predictive of cell division events, with validation accuracy of 82%, on par with that based on cell size alone. Further, we demonstrate that the combination of topological and biological properties, including: cell size, perimeter, distance, and shared cell wall between cells, can further boost the prediction accuracy of resulting changes in topology triggered by cell division. Using our classifiers, we demonstrate the importance of microtubule mediated cell-to-cell growth coordination in influencing tissue-level topology. Altogether, the results from our network-based analysis demonstrates a feedback mechanism between tissue topology and cell division in A. thaliana's SAMs. Summary statement we use a network representation of live cell imaging data from SAMs in Arabidopsis thaliana to predict cell division events and their consequences at a tissue level.


Ensuring trust in human-robot interaction (HRI) is considered essential for widespread use of robots in society and everyday life. While the majority of studies use game-based and high-risk scenarios with low familiarity to gain a deeper understanding of human trust in robots, scenarios with more subtle trust violations that could happen in everyday life situations are less often considered. In this paper, we present a theory-driven approach to studying the situated trust in HRI by focusing on the experience of vulnerability. Focusing on vulnerability not only challenges previous work on trust in HRI from a theoretical perspective, but is also useful for guiding empirical investigations. As a first proof-of-concept study, we conducted an interactive online survey that demonstrates that it is possible to measure human experience of vulnerability in the ordinary, mundane, and familiar situation of clothes shopping. We conclude that the inclusion of subtle trust violation scenarios occurring in the everyday life situation of clothes shopping enables a better understanding of situated trust in HRI, which is of special importance when considering more near-future applications of robots.


A continuous emission monitor (CEM) for mercury (Hg) in combustor flue gas streams has been designed and tested for the detection of Hg by optical absorption. A sampling system that allows continuous introduction of stack gas is incorporated into the CEM, for the sequential analysis of elemental and total Hg. A heated pyrolysis tube is used in the system to convert oxidized Hg compounds to elemental Hg for analysis of total Hg; the pyrolysis tube is bypassed to determine the elemental Hg concentration in the gas stream. A key component of the CEM is a laboratory-designed and -assembled echelle spectrometer that provides simultaneous detection of all of the emission lines from a Hg pen lamp, which is used as the light source for the optical absorption measurement. This feature allows for on-line spectroscopic correction for interferent gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, typically present in combustion stack gas streams, that also absorb at the Hg detection wavelength (253.65 nm). This artic...


A Kummer surface is the minimal desingularization of the surface T/i, where T is a complex torus of dimension 2 and i the involution automorphism on T. T is an abelian surface if and only if its associated Kummer surface is algebraic. Kummer surfaces are among classical examples of K3-surfaces (which are simply-connected smooth surfaces with a nowhere-vanishing holomorphic 2-form), and play a crucial role in the theory of K3-surfaces. In a sense, all Kummer surfaces (resp. algebraic Kummer surfaces) form a 4 (resp. 3)-dimensional subset in the 20 (resp. 19)-dimensional family of K3-surfaces (resp. algebraic K3 surfaces).


BRONZE PLAQUES WHICH COMMEMORATE THE PAST are mounted on buildings and cairns throughout the Atlantic Provinces. They provide information about people, sites and events which have played a role in the development of our communities. These indelible markers are visible, public texts documenting what was, and continues to be, considered important about our heritage, at least 'officially', as most of these plaques were erected by federal, provincial and municipal governments. In recent years, scholars have become interested in this practice of commemoration and its role in shaping historical identity, calling into question the way the past is presented for public consumption. 2 This research note will examine the 'story' behind one such act of commemoration, a plaque to the Nova Scotian painter Gilbert Stuart Newton, R.A., erected in 1952 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada. The erection of the plaque and the issue of the error which it contains are perhaps minor points within the broader context of the history of commemoration, regional historiography and historical revisionism, a footnote rather than the subject of a chapter. However, in setting forth details of the plaque's conception and erection and the subsequent discovery of the error — an act of micro-history — a contribution is made towards achieving a deeper understanding of the larger issues involved in historical commemoration. The focus of this research note is not so much an examination of how the plaque bespeaks the process of reconstituting or reinterpreting the past, though such issues are not ignored, but is rather an illustration of how a discrete, even minor, event in our commemoration of the past is related to a multitude of larger issues.3 On 24 October 1952, "a bronze tablet to commemorate the achievements of Gilbert Stuart Newton, R.A., erected by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada [HSMBC], was unveiled at the Nova Scotia College of Art in Halifax".4 The plaque's inscription reads:


This paper presents initial results of a major study of the benejits and costs of investment in design i n small and medium-sized manufacturers. It shows that UK manufacturers which received a government subsidy to employ a professional design consultant for product, engineering, packaging and graphic design projects recovered their total investment i n an average of 15 months, as well as gaining other indirect benefits. However, problems i n using and managing the design consultants was a factor i n a quarter of the projects that were not implemented or produced disappointing commercial results. The problems most associated with project failure were inadequate briefing of the consultant and internal disagreements about the aims or value of the projects. Severe design management problems were most common i n firms with under 50 employees and especially affected firms with under 10 employees. Thus, while small firms often lack in-house specialist skills such as design, such firms require additional help an...


Hydraulic fracturing of shale is simulated using an extended finite element method(XFEM) with an explicit user element in ABAQUS.The XFEM has extra degrees of freedom introduced into a conventional three-dimensional solid element with eight nodes to capture the arbitrary complex crack propagation during hydraulic fracturing in shale.The fluid flow inside the hydraulic fractures is simulated by solving the fluid continuity equation using the finite difference method(FDM).The extended method introduces phantom nodes to deal with a crack in the element.One point integration and hourglass control are used to improve the computational efficiency.The simulation results are in good agreement with experiments.


Abstract : The primary objectives of this project were to prepare and measure the optical and electrical transport properties of metal-semiconductor inhomogeneous composite systems for possible optoelectronic applications. The systems investigated were Ag-O-Cs, Ag-Si and Ag, Au-CuInSe2, where the metal particles were dispersed throughout the semiconductor matrices in sizes ranging from about 5nm to lOOnm. The approach was to relate the microstructure, i.e., the metal size distribution, volume fraction and optical properties of metal and matrix to the optical and electrical transport properties of the composite system. For this purpose a complete, self-consistent electromagnetic theory was developed which accounted very accurately for experimentally measured composite optical properties. It was found that the optical absorption of these systems could be varied in a known fashion suggested by the developed theory and that transport properties such as the mobility of carriers was not compromised by the large volume fraction of metal in these systems. The high absorption at wavelengths determined by their microstructures makes them attractive as ultrathin elements in a variety of optoelectronic schemes. (MM)


We study a collection of Markov chains with values in the collection of partial orderings of the natural numbers. These systems arise naturally in the causal set approach to discrete quantum gravity and include the well-studied random partial orders of Alon, Bollobas, Brightwell, and Janson [Ann. Appl. Probab. 4, 108–123 (1994)]. We prove that under the dynamics associated to Markov chains in our collection, posts occur infinitely often, almost surely.


HFS usually happens among the middle-aged people.In the early stages of the disease,it often begins from one side of the lower eyelid,then spreads to the ipsilateral mouth.Some patients are accompanied by tinnitus,dizziness,headache or insomnia,ect.It affects the work and life of severe patients.The pathogenesis of HSF are liver dysfunction causing the tendons dystrophy,so based on different symptoms,using traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture had achieved a significant effect.


The absolute exponential stability for BAM neural networks with continuously distributed signal transmission delays along the axon of a neuron was investigated,using the Brouwer fixed point theorem and inequality techniques.Some novel criteria were obtained for checking the equilibrium point,in which the activation functions only need to be partially Lipschitz continuous,but not to be bounded or differentiable.An example shows the effectiveness of the results.


Over the past decade, there have been increasing attempts to integrate robotic harvesting technology into agricultural scenarios to reduce growing labour costs and increase crop yields. In this paper, we demonstrate a prototype harvesting robot for picking watermelons in greenhouses. For robotic harvesting, we design a dedicated end-effector for grasping fruits and shearing pedicels, which mainly consists of a flexible gripper and a cutting device. The improved YOLOv5s–CBAM is employed to locate the watermelon fruits with 89.8% accuracy on the test dataset, while the K-means method is used to further refine the segmentation of the watermelon point cloud in the region of interest. Then, the ellipsoid is fitted with the segmented fruit point cloud to obtain the lowest point of the ellipsoid as the grasping point. A series of tests conducted in a laboratory simulation scenario proved that the overall harvesting success rate was 93.3% with a positioning error of 8.7 mm when the watermelon was unobstructed. The overall harvesting success rate was 85.0% with a positioning error of 14.6 mm when the watermelon was partially obscured by leaves.


Context. The depth of an exoplanetary transit in the light curve of a distant star is commonly approximated as the squared planet-to-star radius ratio, (Rp/Rs)2. Stellar limb darkening, however, can result in significantly deeper transits. An analytic solution would be worthwhile to illustrate the principles of the problem and predict the actual transit signal required for the planning of transit observations with certain signal-to-noise requirements without the need of computer-based transit simulations.
Aims. We calculate the overshoot of the mid-transit depth caused by stellar limb darkening compared to the (Rp/Rs)2 estimate for arbitrary transit impact parameters. In turn, this allows us to compute the true planet-to-star radius ratio from the transit depth for a given parameterization of a limb darkening law and for a known transit impact parameter.
Methods. We compute the maximum emerging specific stellar intensity covered by the planet in transit and derive analytic solutions for the transit depth overshoot. Solutions are presented for the linear, quadratic, square-root, logarithmic, and nonlinear stellar limb darkening with arbitrary transit impact parameters. We also derive formulae to calculate the average intensity along the transit chord, which allows us to estimate the actual transit depth (and therefore Rp∕Rs) from the mean in-transit flux.
Results. The transit depth overshoot of exoplanets compared to the (Rp/Rs)2 estimate increases from about 15% for main-sequence stars of spectral type A to roughly 20% for sun-like stars and some 30% for K and M stars. The error in our analytical solutions for Rp∕Rs from the small planet approximation is orders of magnitude smaller than the uncertainties arising from typical noise in real light curves and from the uncertain limb darkening.
Conclusions. Our equations can be used to predict with high accuracy the expected transit depth of extrasolar planets. The actual planet radius can be calculated from the measured transit depth or from the mean in-transit flux if the stellar limb darkening can be properly parameterized and if the transit impact parameter is known. Light curve fitting is not required.


Structural Hole (SH) spanners are the set of users who bridge different groups of users and are vital in numerous applications. Despite their importance, existing work for identifying SH spanners focuses only on static networks. However, real-world networks are highly dynamic where the underlying structure of the network evolves continuously. Consequently, we study SH spanner problem for dynamic networks. We propose an efficient solution for updating SH spanners in dynamic networks. Our solution reuses the information obtained during the initial runs of the static algorithm and avoids the recomputations for the nodes unaffected by the updates. Experimental results show that the proposed solution achieves a minimum speedup of 3.24 over recomputation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to address the problem of maintaining SH spanners in dynamic networks.


A computer program (INHYD) was developed for intraply hybrid composite design. A users manual for INHYD is presented. In INHYD embodies several composite micromechanics theories, intraply hybrid composite theories, and an integrated hygrothermomechanical theory. The INHYD can be run in both interactive and batch modes. It has considerable flexibility and capability, which the user can exercise through several options. These options are demonstrated through appropriate INHYD runs in the manual.


It is unacceptable of sewing damage especially in the garment industry. In order to detect the sewing damage of fabric, a facility for testing the fabric damage was equipped, which could measure the change of flexure of luminous penetrated from fabric damage or the hole of the fabric. Copper ammonia fabric is a kind of filament fabric with obvious sewing damage during garment processing. In order to verify the accuracy of equipment detection, this study equipped a set of sewing experiments combined with clothing manufacturing process parameters to detect the changes of light transmission area, luminous flux, damage distribution, etc. of sewing damage of copper ammonia fabric before and after plasma treatment of the fabric, and quantitatively analyze the improvement degree of damage. According to the data of experimental test, comparison and calculation of damage, it is proved that the device can detect more accurate sewing damage.


Abstract The use of biomarkers as indicators of environmental contamination has been shown to be an excellent indicator of changes in biota. Histopathological lesions are commonly used in biomonitoring studies as they provide information regarding both acute and chronic exposure. The use of nanoparticle materials has been widespread in recent years. However, not much is known about their ecological effects on the natural environment. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the sublethal effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with mean diameters of 89 nm in the zebrafish Danio rerio by the determination of the LC50; 48 h and histopathological assays in gills. The obtained LC50; 48 h was 8.18 µgL−1. The histopathological gill assessment showed primary responses indicative of acute damage as aneurysms (32.76%), hyperplasia (20.69%) and partial (30.17%) and total lamellar fusion (6.9%) of secondary lamellae. No deposition of AgNP was observed in any tested sample gills, suggesting other organs target to absorption and detoxification. In fact, the AgNP causes sublethal damage in the gills of zebrafish but is not able to accumulate in this tissue. Finally, the data shown in this study contribute to the construction of a database on the AgNP exposure in aquatic organisms.


This paper incorporates data on efficiency and output per worker for 1965 and 1990 for 57 countries divided into four groups to seek an understanding of similarities and differences among them. Tools employed were testing for equality of means and testing for convergence. The findings indicate that the gaps between the groups were widened during the period studied for both efficiency and output per worker. While divergence was observed when all countries were grouped in one set, there were indications of convergence when the groups were treated separately.


Objective: The study objective was to investigate what type of esthetic orthodontic wire coating provides less frictional resistance when used with ceramic polycrystalline brackets compared to each other and to non-coated stainless steel archwire. Consistency of wire sizes with dimensions reported by manufacturers, and effect of stainless steel core diameter on frictional characteristics were also investigated. Methods: Canine retraction model was constructed allowing to simulate forces and conditions existing on the bracket/wire interface during orthodontic tooth movement. Static and kinetic resistance to sliding of three coated archwires from different manufacturers was measured using Instron testing machine and compared to each other and non-coated stainless steel control wire. Dimensions of wires as received and diameter of stainless steel core after coating removal was measured with optical profile projector. Results: Significant differences exist in static and kinetic friction between tested wires in experimental conditions. Dimensions of all coated wires differ significantly from reported by manufacturers' sizes. Conclusions: Type of esthetic coating effects frictional characteristics of orthodontic wires and should be considered by clinicians for predictable treatment outcomes.


Gas turbines are widely used in various fields, and the failure of gas turbines can cause catastrophic consequences. Health condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of gas turbines can detect faults timely, avoid serious faults, and significantly reduce maintenance costs. Thus, fault diagnosis of gas turbines has great significance. Current researches on gas turbine fault diagnosis mainly focus on the case of abundant fault samples. However, fault data are very rare and the number of normal samples is much larger than the number of fault samples in the industrial scene. This class-imbalance problem widely exists but is hardly focused in the field of gas turbine fault diagnosis. Aiming to solve this problem, this paper introduces the concept of class-imbalanced learning from the machine learning field, summarizes three kinds of class-imbalance addressment methods including oversampling, undersampling, and sample weighting, and proposes a new combination method of focal loss and random oversampling for addressing class-imbalance in deep neural networks, and performs a systematic comparative study on class-imbalanced gas turbine fault diagnosis. Experimental results show that class-imbalance can seriously reduce the fault diagnosis accuracy. Through these class-imbalance addressment methods, diagnosis accuracy is greatly improved. Comparative experiments also show that the proposed combination method can obtain the best diagnosis accuracy among all the compared methods in class-imbalanced situation. Through this comparative study, a detailed guideline for improving diagnosis accuracy under class-imbalanced circumstance is provided.


The flow and heat transfer characteristics of an impinging laminar square jet through cross-flow have been investigated numerically by using the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes and energy equations in steady state. The simulations have been carried out for jet to cross-flow velocity ratios between 0.5 and 10 and for nozzle exit to plate distances between ID and 6D, where D is the jet width. The complex nature of the flow field featuring a horseshoe vortex has been investigated


A challenge that instructors face in using social media platforms as teaching tools is students' acceptance of such technology in an educational context. Using the Technology Acceptance Model as a theoretical foundation, this study explores students' perceptions of the use of Twitter as a pedagogical tool in the marketing classroom. Findings show that its perceived usefulness as an educational instrument and its perceived enjoyment are the two strongest predictors of students' attitude towards Twitter. Furthermore, perceived ease of use, self-efficacy and Twitter anxiety were important predictors of students' acceptance of the technology. Implications for marketing educators interested in incorporating innovative ideas, and particularly social media platforms such as Twitter, into their pedagogy are discussed


Evaluation of Some Maize ( Zea mays L.) Genotypes for Growth, Grain Yield and Resistance to Stem Borers. بوبحلا ةيجاتناو ومنلا تافصل ةيماشلا هرذلل ويثارولا سزطلا ضعب مييقت قاسلا تابقاثل ةمواقملاو . A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of M.Sc. in Agriculture (Agronomy) By Mohamed Ali Mohamed B.Sc. Sudan University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Agricultural Studies, Agronomy, 2013


WiMAX access can provide new service opportunities to fixed and mobile operators thanks to its flexible radio technology and innovative features.


The quantitative security effectiveness analysis is a difficult problem for the research of network address randomization techniques. In this paper, a system model and an attack model are proposed based on general attacks' attack processes and network address randomization's technical principle. Based on the models, the network address randomization's security effectiveness is quantitatively analyzed from the perspective of the attacker's attack time and attack cost in both static network address and network address randomization cases. The results of the analysis show that the security effectiveness of network address randomization is determined by the randomization frequency, the randomization space, the states of hosts in the target network, and the capabilities of the attacker.


The entire collection is uneven in the quality of the recordings, breadth and depth of coverage, as well as the adequacy of the documentation of both context and musical content. The criteria used in selecting the material presented are not clear. Furthermore, no mention is made of recording conditions or of the equipment used. Volume I is perhaps the most deficient both in terms of recording quality and accompanying documentation. Volumes II-V offer a more extensive and careful coverage. Despite the interest of the examples it offers, volume VI fails in providing basic information on performers, instruments, and genres. In many cases, only the title is provided and no information is given on the performers or instruments. In some cases, Portuguese names are spelled according to their Castilian versions (e.g.. Domingos Falcon instead of Domingos Falcao). In addition, some examples are incomplete or are clearly the result of dubbings of various versions (e.g.. Vol. VI bd. 6). The comparison of the content of volumes I-V with volume VI can offer researchers a particularly interesting perspective on musical elements common to both sides of the border including instruments, instrumental ensembles, genres, melodic structure, and textual content. In addition, some references provided concerning the influence of Castilian or Portuguese vocabulary on the Mirandes dialect spoken in Miranda do Douro are interesting despite occasional errors. Regrettably, for most items, only the title is given. In general, the documentation for all six volumes is deficient, lacking basic information on the performers, instruments, and forms recorded. In addition, misspellings and inconsistencies are abundant. Furthermore, the photographs of musical instruments and their performers which accompany the texts, do not clearly reveal the details of the instruments recorded or their playing techniques. Despite these deficiencies, these recordings from Zamora, Sanabria, and Miranda do Douro offer ethnomusicologists interested in the Iberian Peninsula the possibility of comparing genres and styles from neighboring areas in Spain and Portugal.


the first century. he allows that culture no voice at all in the deliberations over Matthew's content or meaning. For example, Matthew's meaning for "Lord" is discovered by a search for instances of the tille in the Septuagint and intertestamental texts but takes no note of the popular ideas connected to the title in the larger world. These common images need to be tested against scenes in the gospel where Matthew shows Jesus as "Lord." As another example. Saldarini notes the popularity of clubs all over the empire, but only to exclaim over Matthew's choice of the Septuagint term ekklesia. But this word would have been meaningful to Gentiles too, since it is also commonly used in hellenic texts to indicate public assemblies of the people. Saldarini does not seem inclined to test for the uniqueness of Matthew's group by comparing membership expectations like Matt 18:1520 with extant club rules. for example. Without a Greco-Roman backdrop. and given only Jewish literature for reference. Matthew's images and language about Jesus cannot represent the ideas available to his Jewish membership. Saldarini makes a persuasive case that Matthew's membership is probably Jewish and also Torah observant, but his argument that it is a deviant group embedded in the Jewish community and still supporting a Jewish mission is weakened by its dependence on special pleading. Nevertheless. this book provides a scholarly challenge to the presuppositions that continue to dominate reconstructions of the Matthean community and offers important observations on the gospel evidence. Saldarini has provided a valuable and welcome contribution to Synoptic studies.


This study aims to evaluate various cyclic feeding regimes in milkfish (Chanos chanos) juveniles whether or not compensatory growth (CG) could be elicited that could improve growth, feed efficiency, body composition or any combination of these three responses. Fish were assigned randomly to five feeding regimes, namely, a control (C), fed continuously, one day fasting followed by 6 days refeeding (1:6, days starved: days fed), 2:5, 5:23, or 7:21 cyclic feeding. Fish in 1:6 and 2:5 groups were exposed to 8 cycles while 5:23 and 7:21 groups for 2 cycles throughout the 56 days of experiment period. Milkfish juveniles fed continuously without fasting (control group) exhibited statistically similar mean weight with those offered the 1:6 and 2:5 feeding regimens while those in the 7:21 group significantly exhibited the lowest mean weight and consistently sustained the lowest values until the termination of the experiment. Specific growth rate (SGR) of milkfish fed the control regimen and those fed under 1:6 and 2:5 feeding regimes exhibited significantly higher than in those fasted for 5 or 7 days and refed (i.e. 5:23 and 7:21, respectively). Food conversion ratio (FCR) and Protein efficiency ratio (PER) values were significantly the best in milkfish offered the 2:5 feeding regimen while those of fish offered the control regimen and the rest of the cycled fed fish exhibited lower values but were statistically similar to each other. Survival rate, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HIS), and viscero-somatic index (VSI) were not influenced by the cyclic feeding regimes. In conclusion: cyclic feeding was successful in eliciting a CG response in milkfish fingerling under the experimental conditions of the present study. Fish offered the 2:5 cyclic feeding regimen resulted in statistically similar SGR with those in the control group and better overall FCR compared to other treatment and control groups of fish. Based on the results of this study, complete growth compensation could be elicited in 1:6 and 2:5 cyclic feeding regimen.


Stepwise synthesis and structural characterization of one-dimensional coordination polymers whose topologies depend on the anions are reported. A simple ladder-type precursor, {[Ag2(L)2](ClO4)2}n (1), was prepared by the reaction of bis(4-pyridylmethyl)sulfide (L) with AgClO4. Treatment of 1 with potassium thiocyanate and potassium cyanide afforded a twisted ribbon-type chain of type [Ag(L)SCN]n (2) and a triple-rail ladder of type [Ag3(L)2(CN)3]n (3), respectively. The result demonstrates that replacement of the noncoordinated perchlorate anions by pseudohalide ions in the coordination sphere of 1 plays a crucial role in determining the structures of the resulting species.


A signifi cant goal of the Classroom InSiTE (Classroom Interactions in Science and Technology Education) research project was to develop a more robust understanding of, and to enhance, classroom interactions as a key aspect of assessment for learning (AfL) interactions. International research suggests that AfL practices are effective in enhancing student achievement, and may be particularly effective with students who are low achievers (Black and Wiliam, 1998). AfL can be distinguished from other forms of assessment by its purpose, which is to enhance student learning. The contingent and emergent nature of AfL means that it is generally embedded in and accomplished through teacher–student classroom interactions.


This experiment was carried out to improve the utilization of liquid pig manure (LPM) for rice at the two textures of valley soil in 2000 and 2001. The soil textures were coarse loamy and fine loamy in Sachon and Jisan series, respectively. Treatments consisted of no fertilized plot, chemical fertilized plot, LPM 150%, LPM 100%, LPM 100%+NK (top dressing) 30%, LPM 70%+NK 30%, LPM 50%+NK 50% plot. LPM was applied as basal fertilizer compare to nitrogen of chemical fertilized plot. Total N contents in the LPM were 6.0 and in 2000 and 2001, respectively. After the experiment, P and K contents of soils were not difference between chemical and LPM application plots. But heavy metal contents in soils were slightly higher in LPM application plots than in chemical fertilized plot. Immediately after LPM application, ammonia gas content was in LPM 150% plot, but it was in LPM 50% plot. Two days after LPM application, ammonia gas content was 3 times higher in coarse loamy than in fine loamy soil. After rotary tillage, ammonia gas was not detected at all LPM treatments. This result suggests that rotary tillage can reduce the nasty smell of LPM quickly. Inorganic nitrogen, and , contents in water of paddy was higher at coarse loamy soil from rice transplanting to tillering stage. After that season, inorganic nitrogen contents of water were not different according to soil texture and treatments. Content of in soil solution was higher at LPM plots than chemical fertilizer plot. Total nitrogen contents in rice plant after harvesting were higher at chemical fertilization plot than LPM application plot, but K contents showed an opposite tendency. Rice yield was decreased only in LPM plots at two soil textures. But yield was not significantly difference between chemical fertilizer and LPM+top dressing plots at coarse loamy soil and increased 5% at LPM 50%+NK 50% plot at fine loamy soil in 2001.


This paper revisits the so-called 'ICT-productivity paradox' from a long-run perspective by using annual Australian data for about five decades. It provides estimates of long-run and short-run elasticities of labour productivity with respect to ICT capital deepening, explores the nature of long-run causality among productivity growth and ICT and non-ICT capital deepening. The estimates of long-run elasticities are derived by employing both time-series and panel data econometric techniques. The empirical results provide strong confirmatory evidence of the long-run impact of ICT capital deepening on labour productivity in Australia.


A small, remote, and isolated community presents educational challenges different from those experienced in larger, more accessible places. The purpose of this study is to examine critically the educational context of one such remote community, present any challenges that surface, study coping mechanisms used, and make recommendations about improving the educational environment studied. At the remote school six teachers interviewed outlined the difference between their expectations and the realities of the community, shared both their perceptions of the challenges and the coping mechanisms used, and examined role of technology. The researcher saw significant difference between teacher expectations and community realities, identified several challenges, examined coping skills, and considered the limitations of implementing and using technology. The study highlights a distinct need to address the named concerns so that remote schools may strive for an effective educational environment.


Urocanic acid (UCA) is an epidermal chromophore that undergoes trans to cis isomerization after UVB irradiation. cis‐UCA is a potent inhibitor of cutaneous acquired immunity. The aim of this study was to explore the genes, which are upregulated by cis‐UCA in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and investigated its role in vitro using human T‐lymphocyte cell line, Jurkat cells. DNA microarray analysis and real‐time PCR investigation revealed that cis‐UCA, not trans‐UCA, increased the expression of a gene encoding a β‐galactoside‐binding lectin, galectin‐7, LGALS7B. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that galectin‐7 was highly expressed in the epidermis in the patients with actinic keratosis. Galectin‐7 administration upregulated apoptosis and inhibited the expression of interleukin‐2 (IL2) and interferon‐γ (IFNG) mRNA in Jurkat cells. Taken together, galectin‐7 may play important roles in downregulating the functions of T lymphocytes after UVB irradiation and can be developed into novel immunosuppressive therapies for inflammatory skin diseases.


Concepts of 'virtual reality,' an interactive artificial environment experienced by a human through computer generated sensory stimuli, have been around since the late 1950s/early 1960s. Those concepts, along with the technology underlying them, have greatly evolved over the course of decades through flight simulators to various forms of scientific and entertainment visualization to augmented realities. Virtual reality, as an interactive human-computer experience, has utility in business, industry, science, entertainment and many other facets of early 21st century human civilization. While virtual reality allows for training, enhanced mission performance, and other forms providing military utility, this begs the question whether its impacts will not eventually have far more significance than initially realized.


Background About 50% of the elderly undergoing emergency abdominal surgery are malnourished. The role of timely surgical nutritional access in this group of patients is unknown. Methods We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample database from 2009 through the first three-quarters of 2015 of patients aged ≥65 years who were malnourished and underwent major abdominal surgery for the acute abdomen within the first 2 days of hospital admission. Results Of 3 246 721 patients analyzed, 4311 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, only 507 (11.8%) patients had surgical nutritional access (gastrostomy or jejunostomy) (group I), while 3804 patients (88.2%) did not (group II). In the propensity score-matched population, there were 482 patients in each group. The patients in group I had lower odds of mortality and postoperative gastrointestinal complications (paralytic ileus, anastomotic dehiscence, and intestinal fistulae) (P-value <.01, respectively). Discussion Elderly who receive surgical nutritional access have lower rates of gastrointestinal complications and mortality.


In the last decade genetic algorithms have been applied in a plethora of fields such as in control, parameter and system identification, robotics, planning and scheduling, image processing, pattern recognition and speech recognition. This paper addresses the generation of a robotic manipulator structure and the planning of trajectories, namely in finding a continuous motion that takes the hand from a given starting configuration, without collision with any obstacle, up to a desired end position in the workspace.


Exotoxin from culture supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni was prepared using Sephadex G-25-40 columns. The toxin was determined to be β-exotoxin by high performance liquid chromatography methods. In bioassays against larvae of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), the LC50 and LC90 were estimated to be 2.79 and 8.03 μg/g larval medium, respectively. Maximum mortality of horn fly larvae peaked at 98% when the feces of an animal treated with 3.0 g per day for 5 days was bioassayed. When white mice were treated by subcutaneous injections, the LD50 was 184.8 and 135.6 μg/g body weight for males and females, respectively.


Israel's Birth Pangs Palestine in Turmoil: The Stru ggle fo r Sovereignty, 1933-1939 (2 vols.) B y Monty Noam Penkow er. Ne w Yor k: Touro College Press and Academic Studies Press, 2014. 719 pp. $59 ($39, paper).What Penkower calls "the crucial nexus that exists between the rise of the State of Israel and the Holocaust, the most significant events in the contemporary Jewish experience" has been at the heart of his scholarship for more than four decades. In critically-acclaimed books and seminal scholarly essays, the professor emeritus of Jewish history at the Machon Lander Graduate Center of Jewish Studies, Jerusalem, has demonstrated an unparalleled grasp of the diplomatic, political, and social circumstances that shaped Jewish fate in the years 1933-39. His remarkable research and analytical skills are on full display in his new, two-volume Palestine in Turmoil.Rather than depict Israel's establishment solely as a consequence of the Holocaust, Penkower's narrative describes how the basis of Jewish statehood in British Mandatory Palestine was established long before the onset of World War II. Instead, the prerequisites for a Jewish Palestine grew, slowly but inexorably, during the half century and more preceding 1948: the rise of cities, towns, and kibbutzim; the development of social and cultural institutions; the creation of a political infrastructure in the form of the Asefat Hanivharim (assembly of representatives) and the Va'ad Leumi (national council); the underground militias.Although the yishuv had its share of internal divisions, which Penkower ably chronicles, he makes the important point that for all the well-known conflicts-the Histadrut versus strike breakers, the Hagana versus the Irgun, the occasional tensions between secular and religious Jews or between religious factions-Jewish society overall not only held together but grew and prospered.By contrast, Palestinian Arab society became deeply fragmented during this same period. Penkower points out that during the "Arab Revolt" of 1936-39, Arabs killed many more fellow Arabs than Jews or Englishmen. The internecine political, religious, and tribal rivalries that raged among Arabs in mandatory Palestine in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s helped pave the way for the complete collapse of the Palestinian Arab community during the 1948 war.However, the Arabs enjoyed an important advantage in their numbers. While German Jewish immigration to Palestine increased dramatically following Hitler's rise to power, the Arabs were able to offset those Jewish gains through illegal immigration, which Penkower reports proceeded "unabated." Citing internal Zionist and British memoranda, he demonstrates how Arabs from Egypt, Syria, and Transjordan, attracted by employment opportunities (created by Zionist development), flowed across the Palestine border with little or no interference from the British authorities.Still, the Arabs continued to resent Jewish immigration bitterly even when that immigration was reduced. The Mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin Husseini, exacerbated the situation by, as Penkower puts it, "reviving at this same moment the religious issue that had figured so prominently in the Arab riots of 1929" (riots which Husseini had helped instigate). Then in 1936, the mufti's tirades about alleged Jewish plots to destroy the al-Aqsa Mosque again helped incite the mobs of his day, as similar accusations do now.Soon the Holy Land was engulfed in battles between Arab gangs and British troops, Arab terrorist attacks against Jews, and Jewish retaliation strikes. The British pulled few punches in their fight against the mufti's gangs. They routinely demolished homes in Arab villages where terrorists had been sheltered and forced Arabs to drive ahead of British vehicles in areas where they suspected land mines had been planted. …


Abstract This article proceeds through a case study of commemorative rhetoric in a British settler state, Australia, and in a provincial capital, Brisbane, whose dominant commemorative group, the Anzac Day Commemoration Committee (ADCC), had claims to have invented the national memorial rituals for the principal day of remembrance. It briefly surveys the broader Australian commemorative background, then explores the control of Anzac Day in Brisbane, focusing on accommodations and alliances between political, civil and religious leaders and the principal returned soldiers' organization, the Returned Sailors' and Soldiers' Imperial League of Australia (RSSILA) on the ADCC, in Anzac Day activities, and in Anzac Day rhetoric. The article suggests that the theme of 'triumphalism' has been underplayed in analysis of interwar commemorative rhetoric in Australia, and that cooperation, accommodation and alliance were more typical of interwar commemoration than contest.


Reference to 'the Scripture' that Peter and the Beloved Disciple do not 'yet' understand in John 20:9 remains a problem for interpreters of John. Which passage from Israel's Sacred Scriptures lies behind this conclusion to the episode of the two disciples at the empty tomb? This essay argues that John 20:9 is part of a larger narrative and theological strategy (see also 2:22; 12:16; 20:30–31) that presents the Gospel of John as 'Scripture.' The disciples, players in the story, do 'not yet' know this Scripture. A later generation, those who have the Gospel of John in hand, who have not seen yet believe (v. 29), have access to a Scripture 'written' that they may go on believing (vv. 30–31).


Colorado and Washington State have made history by approving measures to make marijuana sale and use legal for people over the age of 21, in direct opposition to federal law. While there is a sizable discussion of the actual repercussions that legal marijuana would entail, no one knows what will happen. Politicians in both states (and the federal government) must now make decisions on how best to implement these policies in a highly uncertain setting. Furthermore, the lack of specific information of existing black market trade makes pure economically driven policies highly speculative. The purpose of this paper is to aid in making such decisions by analyzing the relationship between the legal production of marijuana and the black market trade as well as their effects on the general population using System Dynamics. As there is big uncertainty about the process of starting and dependent cannabis use and the effect of legalization on these processes this subject needs further research. Looking at the market side of legalization preliminary conclusions can be drawn. These conclusions imply that regulating the supply side through permits is effective at fighting possible oversupply and heavy taxes might leave room for the illegal market to stay operational.


Onion production in Riau Province is still low, while the demand is quite large. Therefore, it is necessary to increase production. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of oil palm ash and various types of organic fertilizers on ultisol soils on the growth and production of shallots. The design used was a completely randomized factorial design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was the provision of oil palm ash which consisted of 4 levels of treatment, namely: 0, 200,400, and 600 g/plot. The second factor is various types of organic fertilizers which consist of 4 levels of treatment, namely: without giving organic fertilizer, chicken manure, tankos compost and corn litter bokashi. The parameters observed were plant height, number of tubers per clump, wet tuber weight per clump, dry tuber weight, percentage of tuber weight loss, relative growth rate and nutrient uptake. plants, number of tubers, wet weight per clump, dry weight per clump and tuber weight loss, the best treatment was giving palm ash 400 g/plot and corn litter bokashi. The main effect of giving palm ash bunches was real on all observation parameters, the best treatment was 400 g/plot. The main effect of organic fertilizer was real on all observed parameters. The best treatment was corn litter bokashi.


An effective partial scan approach selects flip-flops (FFs) to break all feedback loops. These FFs correspond to the minimum feedback vertex set (MFVS) of the FF dependency graph. The MFVS of the circuit (the minimum number of gates whose removal makes the circuit, acyclic) is a lower bound and in many cases significantly smaller than the MFVS of the FF dependency graph. Since only FFs are scannable, this paper investigates repositioning of FFs so that every circuit MFVS gate drives one or more FFs in the modified circuit. We show that resynthesis and retiming can always transform any circuit into an equivalent circuit whose FF dependency graph MFVS is equal to the MFVS of the original circuit. Experimental results for several large sequential benchmarks show that the number of scan FFs required for the resynthesized and retimed circuit is significantly smaller than that required for the original circuit.


Flexible systems can be found in many fields such as automotive electronics, computers and peripherals (hard drives, image scanners, ink-jet print-head cables), aerospace, consumer electronics (mobile phones, cameras etc), medical (hearing aids, pacemakers) and many others. Further reduction in size and new properties such as reversible stretchability, being able to cover various surfaces or biocompatibility can add new functionality to existing products and can facilitate the development of new ones. The proposed concept is based lateral segmentation of the monolithic silicon chip into functional blocks built on individual silicon islands. The fabrication process uses a post-processing module for converting monolithic silicon electronics into a large area system. The electrical connections between blocks are provided by a network of patterned for stretchability copper interconnects (mesh, meander and horseshoe shaped), allowing closely spaced array of IC dies can be expanded into a large-area system. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer (Sylgard 184) is used for encapsulation, providing chemical and mechanical protection. Each array type consists of four 3 x 3 mm2 islands using two or four parallel stretchable conductive paths. Between the silicon islands are three identical stretchable areas. The maximum achievable elongation before failure is around 1200 ?m at a force of 1.6 N, resulting in an average maximum strain of one stretchable zone of 400 ?m. All stretchable areas have a similar length of 1200 ?m resulting in a maximum strain of ? ? 32.5 %. At maximum elongation, resistance increase varies from 6 % up to 8 %, depending on interconnect configuration. Cyclic testing showed that the number of cycles until failure decreases with increasing strain levels, samples being conductive for 1300 cycles for ?max = 5 % and 150 cycles for ?max= 25 %. The selected interconnect geometries showed small electrical resistance variation ((?R/R0)max = 8 %) for a strain level ?max = 30 %. Tensile testing of the fabricated arrays showed that strains up to 32 % are achievable but lower levels are sufficient for biomedical applications and applications related to the human body (such as medical implants, intelligent textiles), where typical strain levels consist of cyclic elongations of up to 5 %.


Abstract In a pilot experiment, external skin measurements were taken on 9 male and 16 female broilers at 49 days of age and birds slaughtered at 50 days. Correlation coefficients between abdominal fat weight and external skin measurements were r = −.03 (males) and +.17 (females) for abdominal skin pinch; r = +.03 (males) and −.08 (females) for crop collar skin pinch; r = +.15 (males) both wings, r = +.59 (females) left wing, and r = +.71 (females) for right wing web thickness. Correlations were significantly different than zero in females for left wing (P The wet weights of sternal, pectoral, and humeral feather tracts, wing webs, and tail showed the right pectoral feather tract to have highest correlations of r = +.49 (males) and +.51 (females) with abdominal fat weight. Correlations between percentage abdominal fat (live basis) and percentage fat (wet basis) in the above tissues were highest for pectoral feather tracts, r = +.47 and +.75 (males) and r = +.75 and +.51 (females) for left and right sides, respectively. Correlations were significantly different than zero for percentage fat in right tract (P Percentage moisture in pectoral feather tracts was negatively correlated with percentage abdominal fat, r = −.53 and −.59 (males); and r = −.70 and −.46 (females) for left and right sides, respectively. Correlations between total lipids in serum and percentage abdominal fat were r = −.04 (males) and −.05 (females). Results suggest abdominal fat should be directly measured rather than indirect measurements on tissues. Percentage fat in pectoral feather tracts, in wing webs minus tendons, and wing web thickness warrant further investigation.


There are two categories for the indexes of teaching level assessment: the definite and the indefinite. The fulfillment of the function of the indefinite ones is subject to the 'index-fuzzy' and the 'individual recognition-fuzzy'. A qualitative categorization is discussed for the 38 observation-points of teaching level assessment system and a special inquiry is conducted into the 'fuzzy-mathematics' theory,method and application in the quantitative analysis of indefinite indexes.


tumours are those most commonly met with. They nearly always arise in the pelvis, but may extend into the ureter and even along the ureter into the bladder. The growth in the ureter may be continuous with the original tumour, or appear as isolated tufts, probably of the nature of grafts from the parent growth. The villous tumours may be innocent or malignant. The latter are less finely villous and have a broader base of attachment usually, but in some cases the malignant invasion may be at one -point only in the area of attachment to the pelvis. Albarran has no doubt that the innocent papilloma may


In this paper, we introduce a relaxed hybrid-type-f--pseudomo-notonicity. By using the KKM-technique, we establish some existence results for set-valued variational-like inequalities with -pseudomonotone, relaxed -pseudomonotone, Fan-KKM Theorem.


Optical Feshbach resonances allow one to control cold atomic scattering, produce ultracold molecules and study atomic interactions via photoassociation spectroscopy. Here we give practical analytic expressions for the strength parameter, the optical length, of Feshbach resonances due to near-threshold bound states of an excited molecular state dominated by either a resonant-dipole or van der Waals interaction. For example, for a laser intensity $I$, binding energy $E_b$, $s$-wave scattering length $a$, and Condon point $R_C$, the optical length for a very weakly bound resonant-dipole state is $l_{\rm opt} \propto I (a-R_C)^2/\sqrt{-E_b}$. We also extend the utility of the optical length to associative STIRAP in 3D optical lattices by showing the free-bound Rabi frequency to be proportional to $\Omega_{\rm FB} \propto \sqrt{l_{\rm opt}} \omega_{\rm trap}^{3/4}$ for a trapping frequency $\omega_{\rm trap}$.


PURPOSE: An electric vehicle charger using a unit billing method, and an electric vehicle charging system including the same are provided to consecutively charge an electric vehicle by calculating or measuring only the amount of charging/discharging power by unit time without a billing table. CONSTITUTION: A charging authentication unit(110) receives information about the authentication of a user or an electric vehicle from an RFID card granted to the user or the electric vehicle. An energy measurement unit(130) measures or calculates energy consumed by charging a battery of the vehicle after the authentication. A communication unit(120) transmits the inputted authentication information to an authentication server and transmits the energy information for billing for the charging to a billing server(200) in a high level after the authentication. [Reference numerals] (110) Charging authentication unit; (120) Communication unit; (130) Energy measurement unit; (200) Billing server;


The contribution of the paper is purely computational. This can be seen from the test cases, all of which are highly artificial. I do not consider this a problem. The paper is focused, does not claim more than it delivers, and what it delivers is relevant for the HESS readership and substantial. The paper is well organized and generally clear. In the minor comments below I indicate where I was not sure if I understood everything.


The static dielectric function and the spin susceptibility of the homogeneous electron gas are determined within the Hartree-Fock approximation by numerical solution of the corresponding vertex equation. The results show an antiferromagnetic (spin-density-wave) instability of the paramagnetic state at metallic densities. The quality of the so-called variational solution of the vertex equation is investigated in detail.


As a result of the continuously decreasing costs of sensors, the number of applications using multiple sensors for the determination of navigation parameters increases significantly. Examples are remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), pedestrian navigation using smartphones, driver assistance systems within cars, etc. All applications have in common that the costs have to be minimized. Finding the optimal sensor configuration for a specific application is a challenge because of cost limitations. While most of the time sensors are replaced when specific accuracy requirements are not met, within this paper, an approach without increased costs will be investigated. The idea behind this approach is to change the GNSS processing methodology, e.g., from single point positioning to relative positioning even though, the high position accuracy is not required. This approach allows improving the system performance of all parameters without increasing the hardware costs if the receiver supports GNSS raw data output.


The invention addresses the problem of undesirble emotional states in general, and during the performance of public speaking in particular. The user of the invention wears a microphone and earphones. The invention digitally alters how the user hears his or her voice, to sound as if the user is in a different emotional state. The user may choose preprogrammed emotional states such as confident authority or happy enthusiasm. The degree of the emotion may also be selected. The result is that the user's emotional state is altered when he or she speaks.


This document provides a summary of the research conducted in the Global Modeling and Simulation Branch and highlights the most significant accomplishments in 1986 to 1987. The Branch has been the focal point for global weather and climate prediction research in the Laboratory for Atmospheres through the retrieval and use of satellite data, the development of global models and data assimilation techniques, the simulation of future observing systems, and the performance of atmospheric diagnostic studies.


An often-neglected classroom-level view of how equity issues impact both students and the teachers seeking to engage them offers insights into the need to develop a systemic approach to resolving these issues in K-12 computer science education in the US. This is one of five articles providing industry perspectives on gender diversity in computing.


The purpose of this study is to suggest an effective regression testing method in order to minimize the scope of test resulting from the modification...


In this paper we develop and incorporate the concept of reverse balking and reverse reneging into the M/M/1/N queuing system. The concept of reverse balking and reverse reneging evolves from its application in investment business. In such a business, more number of customers associated with a rm becomes the attracting factor for the investing customers and conversely, i.e. larger the system size less is the probability of balking and similar is the case of reneging. The steady-state system size probabilities are obtained and some important measures of performance are computed. Sensitivity analysis of the model is also performed. Mathematics Subject Classi cation:(2000) MSC 60K25, 90B22


Abstract A nonlinear axisymmetric formulation has been developed which allows circumferential as well as radial and lateral displacements. Significant circumferential displacements occur in radial tires under an inflation load both in the crown region and in the sidewall of the tire. The model is used in this study to assess the types of deformations that occur and the effect of construction variables on these deformations. The variables considered include belt angle, belt width, belt edge filler modulus, and chafer angle. The effect of changes in these variables on both in‐plane and circumferential deformations, as well as cord loads and interply shear strains are reported. Wherever possible the numerical results are compared with experimental measurements. Predicted deformations due to chafer orientations were sometimes unexpected, but were confirmed by experiment.


Abstract- Introduction :- Ayurveda classified the vaya (age) into three avastha (stages) - Baalyavastha , Madhyamavastha and Vaardhakyavastha . In Vardhakyavastha , predominance of Vata causes Shoshana and Kshaya of different Dhatu .In modern medicine, Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular disease (CVD) are specifically described in relation to aging.Heart is one of the vital organs which is found to be commonly affected in old age. In India, there has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of CVD over the past two decades. According to Ayurveda , origin of diseases are classified into Santarpana andApatarpanajanya vikar. In Charak Samhita , Hridayavyatha is described under Aptarpan janya vikar . In vruddhavastha, degenerativechanges are prominent ,Bruhan chikitsa is recommended. Go-ghrita is known as best Bruhan, Rasayan and Vayasthapan. Arjun ghrita is mentioned in Ayurveda classics for all types of Hridroga.But in modern medicine, due to increased prevalence of CVD, it is suggested to avoid consumption of ghee . These things are found to be paradoxical. Aim & Objective :-This study is aimed to explore the Efficacy of Go-Ghrita on biological parameters in healthy human volunteers. Methodology :- This was a Randomized clinical study. Total 15 volunteers were selected by Cluster Random Sampling method. They were categorized as high, medium and low socioeconomic group.Go- ghrita was given in the dose of 10 ml once a day in the morning on empty stomach with lukewarm water for continuous 60 days. Result :- No significant change was found in biological parameters because Ghee is a good source of short chain saturated fatty acids which are easier to digest. Conclusion :-The consumption of Go-ghrita is good for health in the quantity of 10 gm daily in healthy people.It might be helpful for improvement in cardiac function.Further study can be conducted in large number of healthy volunteers for longer duration for confirmation of result. Keywords :-  Santarpana, Aptarpan, Hridayavyatha , Go-ghrita , Bruhan.


Abstract Innovation in aeronautics has been investigated by exploring the factors that promote innovation (e.g. adversity, observation and curiosity, contests, grand challenges, collaboration, analysis tools, and knowledge bases) and the factors that inhibit innovation (e.g. limitations of simulation tools, absence of a creative environment, fear of failure, unwarranted criticism, and poor definition of success). These factors are discussed in an anecdotal, retrospective manner, with numerous historical examples cited. Innovation relies heavily on underdeveloped methodologies and knowledge bases, generating immature technologies. The need to assess and manage the risks resulting from the incorporation of immature technologies in aircraft systems is an essential part of the innovation process. Risk management, in terms of risk assessment (using technology readiness levels) and risk characterization, is presented at an introductory level.


INTRODUCTION: Despite medical developments, drug poisoning still occurs. Lithium is a drug that has been used for more than 60 years as a mood stabilizer in the treatment and prevention of bipolar disorder, mania and recurrent depression. Lithium is the most commonly prescribed mood stabilizer. It has a narrow therapeutic index.  Its target concentration in acute mania should be 0.6-1.5 mEq/L and 0.6-0.8 mEq/L for maintenance therapy. Because of this, there is a risk of lithium intoxication. We would like to present to you the case of a patient with chronic lithium poisoning.
MATERIALS  AND METHOD: Patient information was collected from hospital records available in the clinical toxicology department. In addition, we conducted a literature review on lithium treatment, its toxicity, side effects and pharmacokinetics using PubMed.
CASE REPORT: The patient, 58, was referred for lithium poisoning and admitted to the Clinical Toxicology and Cardiology Department in Lublin for treatment. The patient had a previous diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder, hypertension and obesity. According to the history, the patient was admitted to the psychiatric ward due to deterioration of her mental state for a month. She was found to have a high lithium level -2.98 mmol/L and elevated renal function parameters-creatinine 2.13 mg/dl.  During treatment with hemodialysis, these parameters returned to normal.
CONCLUSION: It is important to remember that lithium has a narrow therapeutic range. Attention should be paid during lithium treatment to situations that increase the risk of adverse effects and the development of toxicity, and serum lithium concentrations should be monitored during treatment.


The yield behavior of amorphous metals including the metallic glass shows intrinsic dependence on the hydrostatic stress, so that yield criterion models such as Mohr-Coulomb and Drucker-Prager are often used. Both the models can explain the asymmetry in the yield stress under uniaxial compression and tension conditions, while the asymmetry in the angle of fracture surface is not able to be determined based on any of those models. The free volume model is able to provide that foundation. Shibutani et al. proposed a new constitutive model for amorphous metals that was derived from some free volume models and the flow rule using the Drucker-Prager yield function as a plastic potential, and investigated the yield behavior and the formation of localized shear band under some temperature conditions using the implicit static FEM code. The formation of shear bands is an unstable phenomenon that is greatly affected by the initial imperfection. In this model, on the other hand, the temperature or the strain rate also affects the yield behavior considerably. In this study, the impact fracture of metallic glass was investigated by implementing the constitutive model proposed by Shibutani et al. into the explicit dynamic FEM code DYNA3D, with laying emphasis on reproducing asymmetry in the angle of fracture surface and the examination of effects of strain rate and temperature change.


We propose and implement a software-defined network architecture that integrates the QKD SDN Controller within the QKD node, enabling it to use quantum keys to secure its communication with SDN agents while optimizing QKD-keys consumption.


There are two kinds of air-injection reaction (AIR) systems: one forces air into the exhaust with a belt-driven pump, the other uses exhaust-manifold vacuum to draw air in. To inspect an AIR system that uses a pump, one must: (a) look at the pump drive belt; (b) check pump output; (c) inspect hoses; (d) check the diverter valve; (e) inspect the check valve; (f) check the air manifold. To inspect an AIR system that does not use a pump, one must follow these procedures: (a) check the condition of the hoses; (b) inspect the check valve. Performing the preceding inspection rituals annually and at every tune-up will likely catch a problem before it develops. If not, some common problems with explanations of what one should do about them are reviewed: backfiring during deceleration, frozen pump, charred air-delivery hoses and surging or poor performance.


Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as novel probes in the biosensing research field. In this work, for the first time, we report the separation and optical detection of Salmonella typhimurium...


Translation has played an important but equivocal role in the history of anthropology and linguistics. At least since Saussure and Boas, languages have been seen as systems whose differences make precise translation exceedingly difficult, if not impossible. More recently, Quine has argued that, in purely abstract terms, reference is ultimately inscrutable and translation between languages is in principle indeterminate. From a Kuhn-inspired point of view, we argue, on the contrary, that the challenge posed by the constant confrontation of "incommensurable" (yet translated) paradigms may become a field for ethnographical inquiry. This approach can provide a new anthropological way to define translation, not only as a key technique for understanding ethnography, but also as a general epistemological principle. Social anthropology would be thus defined not only as the study of cultural differences, but also and simultaneously as a science of translation: the study of the empirical processes and theoretical principles of cultural translation.


We demonstrate theoretically that the spin polarization of currents can be electrically amplified within nonmagnetic semiconductors by exploiting the fact that the spin current, compared to the charge current, is weakly perturbed by electric driving forces. As a specific example, we consider a $T$-shaped current branching geometry made entirely of a nonmagnetic semiconductor, where the current is injected into one of the branches (input branch) and splits into the other two branches (output branches). We show that when the input current has a moderate spin polarization, the spin polarization in one of the output branches can be higher than the spin polarization in the input branch and may reach 100% when the relative magnitudes of current-driving electric fields in the two output branches are properly tuned. The proposed amplification scheme does not use ferromagnets or magnetic fields, and does not require a low temperature operation; providing an efficient way to generate a highly spin polarized current in nonmagnetic semiconductors at room temperature.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a tool from being inclined to the axial line of a tool positioning device by adding a second pressing force to the tool at a right angle to the axial line of the tool positioning device in parallel with the addition of a pressing force in parallel to the axial line to move the tool parallel to the positioning axial line. SOLUTION: The linear actuator 12 of a tool positioning device 10 has a carriage 14 movable along a tool positioning axial line 16, and the base part 20 of a tool contact assembly on the carriage 14 has a tool contact fixing part 22. The tool positioning device 10 is arranged adjacent to a shaft 28 extended parallel to the axial line 16. A tool 30 is formed of a circular slitting knife having circumferential cutting edges 36, 38, and used in cooperation with an upper circular slitting knife 39. The linear actuator 12 moves the tool contact fixing part 22 along the axial line 16 in order to position the cutting edges 36, 38 of the tool 30 by a guide sensor, and a roller 52 adds a radial pressing force to the tool 30. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO


Regulation binds incumbent firms to a different set of obligations from their entrant-competitors thereby creating an asymmetric set of options from which the firms may select the strategies under which they will interact. Whilst most regulatory obligations are specified in law some take the form of contractual agreements. New Zealand's 'Kiwi Share' obligations bind the incumbent to a set of retail tariff structures and levels that have both restricted the incumbent's choices and opened up a range of new strategic opportunities for its rivals that have had a significant effect upon the development of the New Zealand industry. This paper examines the specific consequences of the asymmetric tariff obligations and ensuing strategic interaction amongst sector participants on sector development - namely the effect of universal service retail prices and the allocation of the ensuing costs on the sector's ongoing regulatory agenda; the role of a 'free local calling' obligation on the evolution of New Zealand's broadband market; and the consequent application of further asymmetric legislative obligations on the incumbent to address apparent "problems" for which the asymmetric tariffs and rivals' strategic choices provide more credible explanations than the incumbent's exertion of its dominant position.


This paper describes a study which evaluates the ability of Army managers to provide valid instruction in writing. It documents the potentials and problems in their attempts, and suggests how those problems can be addressed through inservice programs in order to capitalize on those potentials within any organization.


As modern warfare has changed into network centered, the ability to share situational awareness among allies become a core competency for performing operational missions. In an airborne environment, it uses a tactical data link such as Link-16 for shared situational awareness. There exist problems when it shares situational awareness over the existing data link that can not allocate slots dynamically or that can not change the number of a slot to be allocated. In addition, there was a problem that can not share this failure so that failed to improves situation awareness because of finite time slot resources. In this paper, we accommodate dynamic slot allocation and changes of slot allocation with mixed structure of TDMA (time division multiple access) and random access. We propose a technique that can be used when available slots are exhausted, and a load balancing method to prevent slot allocation delay when slot requesting or message sending is concentrated on a single subframe.


Using the quantitative method, this paper analyzes safety and reliability of the current pipeline transported high pour point and viscous crude oil in high proportional mixed flow, and offers the trends of process adjustment and reform.


Objective To study the method of inducing and building glioma subline with radiation resistance,and then to investigate the potential mechanism of the radioresistance in glioma cell. Methods The subject was human U251 glioma cell line,cultivating U251 cells in vitro, simulating the clinical radiotherapy,the U251 cells were repeatedly given individual dose with60Co resource to induce radiation resistance U251( RR-U251). After 5 Gy radiotherapy,the intracellular ultrastructure of the strains were observed by microscopy,MTT assay was examined the cell proliferation,the cell apoptosis rate was examined by flow cytometry( FCM) and the cell radiosensitivity were assayed by colony formation assay. Results The proliferation increased 11. 5%, the apoptosis rate decreased 69. 6% compared with the U251. Cell migration and invasion ability were increased 50% and 87. 5% respectively. Cell clone analysis demonstrated that RR-U251 had greater plating efficiency( PE),after 5 Gy irradiation increased by 88. 5%. Conclusion The method of radiating cells is viable to establish radioresistant glioma cell line-RR-U251.


In this paper,to overcome the disadvantages of traditional methods of signal lamp detection,a new method of signal lamp detection was proposed,which is based on principal component analysis( PCA) and circle fitting,as well as segmented circle detection of randomized Hough transform( RHT). In this method,the principal component analysis and circle fitting should be carried out to simplify the complex background of image first,and then segmented circle detection should be conducted by the use of randomized Hough transform so as to ascertain the accurate position of signal lamp; finally incombination with line's characteristics and signal lamp's color,the displayed shunting signal lamps on this line can be determined. Moreover,a simulation experiment on the images of shunting signal lamp was carried out in this paper,and the results show that this method is of high accuracy,good real-time performance,good detection effect on the colored signal lamps,therefore suitable for accurate detection and positioning of shunting signal lamps in complex environment.