The main objective of data mining is to extract previously unknown patterns from large collection of data. With the rapid growth in hardware, software and networking technology there is outstanding growth in the amount data collection. Organizations collect huge volumes of data from heterogeneous databases which also contain sensitive and private information about and individual .The data mining extracts novel patterns from such data which can be used in various domains for decision making .The problem with data mining output is that it also reveals some information, which are considered to be private and personal. Easy access to such personal data poses a threat to individual privacy. There has been growing concern about the chance of misusing personal information behind the scene without the knowledge of actual data owner. Privacy is becoming an increasingly important issue in many data mining applications in distributed environment. Privacy preserving data mining technique gives new direction to solve this problem. PPDM gives valid data mining results without learning the underlying data values .The benefits of data mining can be enjoyed, without compromising the privacy of concerned individuals. The original data is modified or a process is used in such a way that private data and private knowledge remain private even after the mining process. In this paper we have proposed a framework that allows systemic transformation of original data using randomized data perturbation technique and the modified data is then submitted as result of client's query through cryptographic approach. Using this approach we can achieve confidentiality at client as well as data owner sites. This model gives valid data mining results for analysis purpose but the actual or true data is not revealed.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a wake-up lock-based processing method and device. According to the processing method, an information acquisition instruction is received when a terminal is in a standby state; duration that an application program holds a target wake-up lock is acquired according to the information acquisition instruction, wherein the target wake-up lock is used for waking up the terminal; and the application program is prevented from waking up the terminal through the target wake-up lock according to the duration. By the wake-up lock-based processing method and device, the terminal is prevented from being waked up when the terminal is in the standby state if the duration that the application program holds the target wake-up lock is greater than preset duration. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantage that the standby power consumption of the terminal is reduced.


Till date no effort has been made to evaluate vital capacity of children and young adults in Nepal. At present it is difficult to achieve accuracy in clinical diagnosis because of the lack of a unified standard of the normal reference value in young women's Vital capacity in Nepal. So, the present study was carried out to evaluate Vital capacity of healthy Nepalese young females, to formulate a prediction equation and to validate the applicability of the equation. One hundred and three young, non-smokers, female students of 17 to 22 years of age were recruited for this study. A stepwise, multiple, linear, regression equation was performed to derive a prediction equation. Validity of the prediction equation was studied using Bland and Altman method of approach for limits of agreement. The mean Vital capacity of Nepalese girls was 2648.05±378.26 ml. The difference between the mean (± standard deviation) vital capacity values of direct measurement and the predicted vital capacity (PVC=2647.12±319.92) was statistically insignificant. Analysis of data by Bland and Altman method of approach for limits of agreement reveals that the prediction equation may be used confidently in place of direct procedure. The regression equation based on height for the studied population is calculated as: Vital Capacity (ml)= 55.68×Height(cm)-6084.15.


Stromtrennungsnabe comprising a first hub-component (152), a fixed to the first hub-component second hub component, by the first and second hub component arranged first line (156) so that a first fluid can flow through the Stromtrennungsnabe, and through the first and second hub component arranged second line (160) includes, so that a second fluid may flow through the hub wherein the hydraulic connection between the first and second liquid prevents, when the first and the second fluid flow through the hub.


The width and depth of tourism studies are in direct proportion to the degree of regional tourism development,and the relationship between them can be described as follows;tourism researches tend to co-evolve with the cycles of tourism destinations;the focus of tourism researches keep shifting in light of the practical status of tourism development;the local tourism researchers are the main contributors of tourism literatures and the further away from tourist areas,the fewer researchers concern the regional tourism development.Based on the literatures of tourism research on the border region of Hunan,Hubei,Chongqing and Guizhou of the last two decades,this paper illustrates the above phenomena,and gives some reasons as well.


This paper describes the overall procedure of radio channel model parameterization – from channel measurements to the environment dependent model parameters. The process contains following steps: measurement campaign, data conversion stages, data post-processing, use of super-resolution algorithms, and parameterization of the channel model according to a set of analysis items. Each of the steps is described briefly and some issues of the parameter analysis stages are discussed.


rural geography differs in that the category "rural" is no longer conceived as naively given and distinct. Rather, rural phenomena are produced from the same range of social processes as other phenomena, and studying them requires the same theoretical understandings. This requires a redefinition of the possible pathways of rural social transformation and the ways that rural areas are integrated into global restructuring. Most simply, the distinctions commonly drawn between rural and urban places, or between production and consumption, are called into question. What happens in rural areas can no longer be considered insulated from or irrelevant to


The new changes accomplished in the cuban educational system face a challenge that requires a high professional level of the manegement staff in their humanistic formation in the stages of orienting, planning, doing and evaluating the capacity of manegement, so as to put into practice strategies that allow t hem to assume a protagonist role. The school is in charge of forming a pedagogical staff with a wide knowledge of the reality making emphasis on the management policy aiming at improving the efficiency and the competitiveness, so it is needed to integrate the pedagogic and directive principles in a process where the critical valuation becomes a priority of the management styles to form a new man.


We present a novel numerical model for the propagation of ultra-high energy charged particles in the intergalactic medium, assumed to have a cellular structure of coherent magnetic fields. We take into account the diffusion of ultrarelativistic particles under the influence of the extragalactic magnetic fields and their energy losses. The fields are considered to have random orientations of their vector components within the cells with smooth transitions between them. The propagator presents a very high accuracy on calculating the particle tracking, on the order of $\lesssim 10^{-33}$ of relative error in energy, and $10^{-5}$ in Larmor radius.


Stock assessment software are complex and advanced technical skills are required to develop the models. Producing output becomes time-intensive and even more complex as thousands of simulations must be run on supercomputers in order to include the multiple sources of uncertainty in assessment results. As few stock assessment participants have the specific technical skills required to reproduce these outputs, our aim has been to develop a Virtual Research Environment (VRE) that enables any user to easily parameterize, execute and edit online various steps of the stock assessment work flow using SS3 (a widely-used statistical catch-at-age model), with standardized data outputs. A collaborative environment such as the VRE uses simple tools to enable the storage and access of the data and source codes necessary to replicate past results or to try new parameterizations of the model. The VRE will provide various collaborative web services, including: (i) a workspace to share documents or data, (ii) webpages or an RStudio server to process data online, and (iii) an automated reporting service to dynamically generate documents to package the results. Here, we illustrate the stock assessment work flow through the VRE, using the last stock assessment of yellowfin, provided by the IOTC, as an example. Currently, we are also able to replicate past stock assessments of swordfish and bigeye tuna, and theoretically, any species model using SS3 can be similarly replicated. Increasing access to this complex model will bring more transparency and collaboration within working groups by providing ∗IRD, UMR MARBEC (IRD/Ifremer/Univ.Montpellier/CNRS), IRD Réunion, 97744 St Denis, La Réunion, France; email@example.com †IFREMERDOI, rue Jean Bertho, 97822 LE PORT CEDEX, La Réunion, France ‡IRD UMR MARBEC 248, Av. Jean Monnet, 34200 Sète, France §IOTC, Le Chantier Mall, Victoria Mahé, Seychelles ¶IRD, UMR MARBEC (IRD/Ifremer/Univ.Montpellier/CNRS), IOC, Rue de l'Institut, Ebène, Maurice


Frequent monitoring of urban environment has now been regulated in most EU countries. Due to the design and cost of high-quality sensors, the current approach using these sensors may not provide data with an appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. As a result, using a wireless sensor network constructed by a large number of low-cost sensors is becoming increasingly popular to support the monitoring of urban environments. However, in practice, there are many issues that prevent such networks to be widely adopted. In this paper, we use data and lessons learnt from three real deployments to illustrate those issues. The issues are classified into three main categories and discussed according to the different sensing stages. In the end, we summarise a list of open challenges which we believe are significant for the future research.


Temperature inversion (higher temperature at a deeper depth) in winter and its relation to advection were investigated by analyzing both conductivity-temperature-depth data in the southern Yellow Sea (YS) and northwestern East China Sea during the winter of 2002–2003 and time series data of temperature, salinity, and currents at a buoy station at the YS entrance. Significant temperature inversions occur predominantly along the thermohaline front at the YS entrance where the Cheju Warm Current Water (CWCW) and the cold coastal waters meet. In February 2003, on the northern frontal zone along 34°N where isotherms and isohalines declined downward to the north, particularly large inversions with temperature differences of larger than 2.0°C were observed to occur more in troughs than in the crests of the wave-like frontal meander where the cold Korean coastal water (KCW) advances farther southward. The inversion persisted until mid-April at the buoy station in the frontal zone, and both temperature and salinity showed simultaneous variations in the same manner. During episodic occurrences of large inversions, temperature and salinity decreased sharply in the upper layer, but increased concurrently in the lower layer. These episodic inversions were found to be closely related to the westward advection of the KCW in the upper layer and the northward advection of the CWCW in the lower layer. It is considered that these advections may play an important role in maintaining baroclinicity in the northern frontal zone, which is responsible for driving the westward transversal flow across the YS entrance.


Landscape design is one of the main directions of landscape architecture education in higher education institutions.In the new situation,the connotation and extension of modern landscape planning and deign have developed significantly,and it have become a comprehensive discipline integrating the natural sciences,engineering technology and humanities.With the example of the building of the teaching system of landscape planning and design in Nanjing Forestry University,the new teaching system of "accumulation into surface,expanding surface and strengthening the core" is put forward.It is proposed to blend curriculum reform and specialty building with disciplinary building,and conduct the innovative building of the teaching system of landscape planning and design according to the social needs.


This study attempted to examine the relationship between WTC and two types of speaking tasks: Dialogue and narrative/monologue. The significance of this study lies in its theoretical contributions to the WTC construct and the pedagogical implications in second language teaching and learning. Sixty one intermediate female EFL learners were selected through an Oxford Placement Test (OPT) from Tabarestan English Institute in Nowshahr. A quantitative research method within a descriptive design using questionnaires was employed. Statistical data analysis methods of Pearson Product-moment correlation coefficient and descriptive statistics were utilized in line with the two research questions .Results indicated a positive correlation between the WTC level and the narrative speaking as well as the dialogue speaking scores, i.e., the high L2 WTC leads to a better performance in L2 speaking skill in general. However, the correlation between WTC and dialogue speaking was stronger than the WTC and narrative speaking, i.e., WTC level affects dialogues better than narrative /monologue. To sum up, it was found that the participants with lower WTC level were weaker in L2 speaking in general and dialogues in particular.


The invention relates to a method for generating a charged particle beam flash. The method includes computing a displacement vector to at least in part, taking into account the placement effects, such as calculating an array of the dose correction multipliers on the basis of the sensitivity correction factor resist, and the resist-charging (charging). Displacement vector Is defined as, where Refers to the displacement vector, and, Denotes the mathematical convolution operation, Refers to the Poisson kernel converted to the spatial domain. The method further includes using the displacement vector to modify the position of the charged particle beam flash.


Mixing principles and examples with economics and anthropology, a thoughtful and practical perspective on integrity has been developed. Often in ethics—as in science— identifying the problem is harder than knowing the solution, making recognition the critical first step in ethical analysis. Good things, like cooperation, can become negative when they are not tethered to an external reality and the larger society. Also, because our ideology and psychology can blind us to the nature of our choices, we need balance, feedback, and thought to resolve the ethical aspects of the ordinary and unfamiliar.


Random laser action with in-plane coherent feedback has been realized in vertically aligned ZnO nanorods on plastic substrate. A polycarbonate substrate coated with a thin layer of ZnO template was used to grow the nanorods by an aqueous chemical method. It can be shown that there are some restrictions on the dimensions of the ZnO template and nanorods that can be used to achieve in-plane random lasing action. Furthermore, the lasing characteristics of the ZnO nanorods under deformation (i.e., bending the substrate) are investigated. It is found that the lasing performance of the ZnO nanorods on plastic substrate depends on the direction of bending.


AS A DOCTORAL STUDENT STUDYING the history of education, I was preoccupied with ensuring that my research was able to cross the street. I am still bothered by the same preoccupation. I lived, as I live now, in a faculty of education. On the other side of the road is the rest of the history department, nestled within a faculty of arts and science. Many education faculties are isolated on university campuses. This isolation has a literal and a figurative meaning. Faculties of education are often isolated from the main body of buildings on campuses – a quirk arising from the relatively late arrival of education within university infrastructure. My own faculty at Queen's University is a healthy tenminute walk from what is popularly termed the "Main Campus." On the "West Campus," which I have colloquially renamed "Exile Island," academics are physically cut off from the intellectual life and activity of our disciplinary colleagues. I do not have casual collisions with historians or with history students. I have to walk down a street and circumnavigate bends and hooks in order to interact with those scholars and activities that populate the Queen's history department. Figuratively, education scholars have always had a complex about their place in the academy.1 All educationists suffer this complex to various degrees, although we can be diagnosed on different points of a spectrum that extends from the healthy (productive, cooperative, interactive) to the unhealthy (bitter, isolated, morose, megalomaniac). This complex manifests itself in two tendencies, which are often interrelated. The first tendency is the explicit and tacit association of educational research with the epistemological and methodological traditions of hard disciplines, particularly psychology. The second tendency is the overt and systematic concentration of educational research on educational practice, especially in teaching and learning contexts and schools but also the overt effort to affiliate this research with some disciplinary home away from the isolations proffered on Exile Island. The first tendency gives rise to an internal hierarchy within faculties of education. The hierarchy privileges hard quantitative research while tolerating methodologically rigorous qualitative research. It endorses a hybrid mixed methods approach to research while virtually marginalizing humanistic research. History and philosophy of education have suffered heavy losses.2


. In this work, we tackle the task of estimating the 6D pose of an object from point cloud data. While recent learning-based approaches to addressing this task have shown great success on synthetic datasets, we have observed them to fail in the presence of real-world data. We thus analyze the causes of these failures, which we trace back to the difference between the feature distributions of the source and target point clouds, and the sensitivity of the widely-used SVD-based loss function to the range of rotation between the two point clouds. We address the first challenge by introducing a new normalization strategy, Match Normalization, and the second via the use of a loss function based on the negative log likelihood of point correspondences. Our two contributions are general and can be applied to many existing learning-based 3D object registration frameworks, which we illustrate by implementing them in two of them, DCP and IDAM. Our experiments on the real-scene TUD-L [26], LINEMOD [23] and Occluded-LINEMOD [7] datasets evidence the ben-efits of our strategies. They allow for the first time learning-based 3D object registration methods to achieve meaningful results on real-world data. We therefore expect them to be key to the future development of point cloud registration methods. Our source code can be found at https://github.com/Dangzheng/MatchNorm.


The preliminary design phase occurs near the launch of an engineering project, normally after an initial requirements gathering phase. Through a series of meetingswhich gathers the key actors of a project, effective preliminary design involves discussion and decision-making punctuated by group creativity techniques. These activities are designed to explore the potential solutions of the problem, such asbrainstorming or causal analysis, or to address the project itself, such as collaborative project planning. Such activities are usually conducted in traditional meeting rooms with pen and paper media, which requires significant time and effort to prepare, perform, and later render into a digitally exploitable format. These processes have resisted previous attempts of computer-supported solutions, because any additional instruments risk obstructing the natural collaboration and workflow that make these activities so beneficial. Over the past decade, technologies such as interactive table tops, interactive wall displays, speech recognition software, 3D motion sensing cameras, and handheld tablets and smartphones have experienced significant advances in maturity. Theirform factors resemble the physical configuration of traditional pen-and-paper environments,while their "natural" input devices (based on multi-touch, gestures, voice, tangibles, etc.) allow them to leverage a user's pre-existing verbal, spatial,social, motor and cognitive skills. Researchers hypothesize that having these devices working in concert inside interactive spaces could augment collaboration forco-located (i.e. physically present) groups of users.There currently exist several interactive spaces in the literature, illustrating awide range of potential hardware configurations and interaction techniques. The goal of this thesis is first to explore what qualities these interactive spaces should exhibit in their interaction design, particularly with regard to preliminary designactivities, and second, to investigate how their heterogeneous and distributed computing devices can be unified into a flexible and extensible distributed computing architecture. The first main contribution of this thesis is an extensive presentation of an interactive space, which at its core uses a configuration not yet fully explored inprevious literature : a large multitouch table top and a large multitouch interactive Abstract board display. The design of this interactive space is driven by observations o fgroups engaged in preliminary design activities in traditional environments and a literature review aimed at extracting user-centered design guide lines. Special consideration is given to the user interface as it extends across multiple shared displays, and maintains a separation of concerns regarding personal and group work. Finally, evaluations using groups of five and six users show that using such an interactive space, coupled with our proposed multi-display interaction techniques, leads to a more effective construction of the digital artifacts used in preliminary design.The second main contribution of this thesis is a multi-agent infrastructure forthe distributed computing environment which effectively accommodates a widerange of platforms and devices in concerted interaction. By using agent-oriented programming and by establishing a common content language for messaging, the infrastructure is especially tolerant of network faults and suitable for rapid prototyping of heterogeneous devices in the interactive space.


A theoretical analysis supplemented with an experimental program has been conducted to determine the lift and drag characteristics of NASA-type parawings. The results of the experimental program showed that the flowfield at a given spanwise station is nearly two-dimensional and that the aerodynamic characteristics of a parawing are similar to those of a conventional wing. As a consequence, it was concluded that the lifting-line theory for conventional wings should yield a suitable prediction for parawing aerodynamics even though the parawings have low aspect ratios. Thus, lifting-line theory was applied to several parawing configurations to determine the lift, induced drag, center of pressure, etc. The skin-friction drag was estimated so that the total drag as well as the lift-to-drag ratios could be calculated. Comparison of theory and experiment indicates that the lifting line theory provides an adequate estimate of parawing aerodynamics within the linear range of the lift curve. In addition, a technique based on the center of pressure results has been devised to predict the angle-of-attack at which trailing edge nutter begins.


The fluorescence of 2-(5-amino-2-methoxyphenyl) benzothiazole (1) is affected by the solvent polarity and by the protonation; red shifts of the fluorescence are observed with an increase of the solvent polarity, and the fluorescent quenching is caused by the protonation at the amino group. Because the fluorescence intensity is sensitive to the association at the amino group, 1 is expected to work as a framework for fluorophores responding to metal cations by the association at the amino moiety. The benzothiazole 2, having the pyridylmethyl-modified amino group as a powerful association site, is found to respond to Mg, giving rise to blue shift of the fluorescence, and to Zn, Hg, Ni, Cu, Ag, and H, causing fluorescent quenching.


Aplastic anemia (AA) is a primary disorder of severe bone marrow failure characterized by pancytopenia. The pathogenesis of AA is closely related to T cell hyperfunction. Abnormal telomere shortening of bone marrow mononuclear cells which has been reported in AA not only lead to genomic instability and apoptosis but also regulate T cells immunity to antigen. Interestingly,lymphocytes with shorter telomere length have undergone apoptosis escape in autoimmune disease. In our study, the relative telomere length (RTLs) of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+ and CD34+ cells were investigated in 14 untreated AA patients and 32 controls. The RTLs of CD3+,CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes were shorter than those of the controls. Meanwhile, no differences in CD19+B and CD34+ cells were found between AA and controls. A change in telomere length may be involved in the pathogenesis of AA and could be considered as a predictive biomarker for the diagnose of AA.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Purpose of the research is to define theoretical questions aimed at identifying folklore codes and "double coding" traditions in the folk art from the point of view of different concepts and paradigms in the scientific literature. The research methodology is the use of the systematic approach, which reveals features of folklore codes and cultural and historical traditions of "double coding" in different genres of folk art and performing. The scientific novelty of this work lies in defining of the folklore (auditory, verbal, visual) codes in different genres of folk art (music, dance, fairy tale and ritual). Through the example of performing folk groups and in the process of "double coding", the study defines the following codes: representation, evocative and intermediate. Conclusions. Based on the study of both theoretical works and practice, it is determined that the folk-image codes are associated with the mythology, history and religion. Folklore codes, as well as other types of codes, have a stable system of signs and symbols, in which they can be transcribed. Ritual actions, games, dances, songs and fairy tales have their own system of codes (images, events, etc.). Codes in a song and fairy tale are defined in the text (images, symbols), codes in music (tunes, intonation), codes in the musical and compositional structures (definable melodies in calendar ritual folklore), in choreography – music and movement codes based on texts and rhythm. Each folklore genre has performance specifics, but there are common traditions, contained in improvisation based on traditional musical and dance styles and stereotypes. "Double coding" in folklore is a multi-step process of transformation of the information, stored for a long time, constantly transmitted from one generation to the other and varying in details (in music, lyrics and stories, dance accompaniment and moves).


Several baryons containing a heavy b-quark, the b-baryons, have been discovered. The charmless twobody decays of b-baryons can provide a new platform for CP violating studies in a similar way as charmless two-body decays of B-meson. In b-baryon decays there are new CP violating observable related to baryon polarization. We show that in the flavor SU(3) limit there exist relations involve different combinations of the decay amplitudes compared with those in CP violating rate asymmetry. These new relations therefore provide interesting tests for the mechanism of CP in the standard model (SM) and flavor SU(3) symmetry. Future data from LHCb can test these relations.


Objective:To evaluate the possibility practicability of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) and simplified acute physiology score Ⅱ (SAPS Ⅱ) scoring systems and to compare the performance of the two systems on intensive patients in emergency department by means of statistical analysis.Methods:All of 207 patients were scored and calculated their predicted mortality with APACHE Ⅱ and SAPS Ⅱ.The calibration and discrimination were used to evaluate the two scoring systems.Results:A significant difference was found between survivors and nonsurvivors groups on the score of patients scored by APACHE Ⅱ and SAPS Ⅱ respectively ( P 0 05).The scores of nonsurvivors group 〔(22 66±7 30)scores,(52 48±11 59)scores〕 were higher than that of survivors group 〔(11 26±6 32)scores,(32 12± 12 07)scores 〕.The results showed that the mortality increased along with elevation of the scores.There was no significant difference between the actual mortality (14 01%) and predicted mortality evaluated with APACHE Ⅱ (18 81%, P 0 05).The predicted mortality of patients evaluated with APACHE Ⅱ was more accurate than that with SAPS Ⅱ.The predicted mortality evaluated with SAPS Ⅱ (23 51%) was higher than the actual mortality ( P 0 05).The areas under the receiver operating characteristics cure (AUROCC) of APACHE Ⅱ and SAPS Ⅱ (0 85) suggested that the two systems had strong capability of discriminating survivors and nonsurvivors.Conclusion:APACHE Ⅱ and SAPS Ⅱ have satisfactory discrimination.Calibration of APACHE Ⅱ is superior to that of SAPS Ⅱ.


Abstract Sediment cores from two small lakes, Alvevatn and Hanalandstjønn, both situated in the coastal heathland in Jceren, south-western Norway, were investigated with respect to microfossil analyses of pollen, spores and charcoal. The two lakes are situated close to prehistoric sites and monuments ranging in time from the Mesolithic to the Medieval Age. The microfossil analyses clearly reflect abrupt deforestation from closed mixed deciduous forest to heathland at approximately 3800 BP (ca. 2500–2200 cal BC). This event coincides with the generally accepted introduction of an agro-pastoral economy in the area at the Middle Neolithic II/Early Late Neolithic transition (MN II/ELN). However, at both localities, weak signals of agrarian impact are traced earlier by palynology. In recent years conclusions based on weak palynological signals have been criticised severely. In this investigation the tenability of the palynological method has been tested by applying independent methods to sediments from the same cores, viz. mineral magnetic and carbon analyses, which are likely to be proxy records for anthropogenic activity. The close agreement between the different methods support the conclusion that an agrarian economy was introduced prior to 4300 BP in the coastal heathland in Jæren.


This study seeks to determine the impact of working from home policies due to COVID-19 restrictions towards work-life balance and job stress, and the effect of work-life balance and job stress on job satisfaction during the pandemic. It also approached the possibility of workload as a moderating variable between WFH and work-life balance, and WFH and job stress. Changes during the pandemic caused a difference in working conditions employees must adapt to. Using a regression analysis including 200 respondents of Indonesian employees, the results confirmed the relationships between WFH to work-life balance and job stress, and work-life balance and job stress towards job satisfaction. Workload did not have a moderating effect between WFH towards work-life balance or job stress.


Abstract This article presents the materials of deformability studies of pre-stressed steel-concrete beams reinforced with a package of reinforcement with different ratio of tape and rebar in the pure bending moment zone. The aim of the research was determination of the reinforcement percentage influence, for pre-stressed reinforced concrete beams reinforced with a package of reinforcement on their deformability. Also, the aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of using pre-stressed rebar in combined reinforcement. The practical significance of the experimental research is to study the deformability in pre-stressed bending elements with external tape and rebar reinforcement, taking into account the influence of different ratios of reinforcement areas within the combined reinforcement and development of proposals for such structures` calculation and design. The scientific novelty of the research is in obtaining the deformability characteristics of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with a package of reinforcement (tape and steel bars with periodic profile) with different ratios in the case of static loads` action.


An apparatus and a method for compensation of estimation error are provided to improve spectrum leakage and noises by compensating for estimation error of a channel impulse response before selecting a valid channel impulse response. A initial channel estimation machine(403) estimates a primary channel. By performing IFFT calculation in the presumed primary channel value, An IFFT(Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) operator(404) estimates CIR(Channel Impulse Response). A maximum power route detection part(420) detects route has the maximum power reserve about presumed CIR. A CIR error compensation part(430) uses the CIR value and the CIR estimation error function of the maximum power route in order to compensate for the CIR estimation error about all routes.


Outbreaks of pine shoot beetles (Tomicus spp.) have caused widespread tree mortality in Southwest China. However, the understanding of the role of climatic drivers in pine shoot beetle outbreaks is limited. This study aimed to characterize the relationships between climate variables and pine shoot beetle outbreaks in the forests of Yunnan pine (Pinus yunnanensis Franch) in Southwest China. The pine shoot beetle-infested total area from 2000 to 2017 was extracted from multi-data Landsat images and obtained from field survey plots. A temporal prediction model was developed by partial least squares regression. The results indicated that multi consecutive year droughts was the strongest predictor, as such a condition greatly reduced the tree resistance to the beetles. The beetle-infested total area increased with spring temperature, associated with a higher success rate of trunk colonization and accelerated larval development. Warmer temperatures and longer solar radiation duration promoted flight activity during the trunk transfer to the shoot period and allowed the completion of sister broods. Multi consecutive year droughts combined with the warmer temperatures and higher solar radiation duration could provide favorable conditions for shoot beetle outbreaks. Generally, identifying the climate variables that drive pine shoot beetle outbreaks could help improve current strategies for outbreak control.


Environmental influence on the avian reproductive system is well recognised. This study investigates the effects of ambient temperature on egg quality in the native Thai Chicken (Gallus domesticus). Effects on prolactin (PRL) and ovarian steroids in chickens housed under different temperatures were also elucidated. Sixty female chickens were divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were reared under controlled temperatures of 35±2 °C, 31±2 °C, and 27±2 °C, respectively. Group 4 was reared under an uncontrolled natural temperature (approximately 27 °C). Blood samples were collected from each chicken once a week for 11 weeks, and plasma PRL, oestradiol (E), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) levels were determined utilising enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results revealed that E levels were significantly higher in chickens reared under low ambient temperature (27 °C) when compared with those exposed to 31 °C and 35 °C. No significant differences in PRL, P, and T levels were observed. Egg quality was affected by high ambient temperature. Eggshell thickness of chickens housed at 35 °C was thinner than those of other groups. These results indicate that changes in ambient temperature affect circulating levels of E but not PRL, P, and T. Thermally-stressed environments with high temperatures therefore impact egg quality in the native Thai chicken by reducing eggshell thickness.


We compute the tunneling current in a double point contact geometry of a quantum Hall system at filling fraction nu=(5/2), as a function of voltage and temperature, in the weak tunneling regime. We quantitatively compare two possible candidates for the state at nu=(5/2): the Moore-Read Pfaffian state, and its particle-hole conjugate, the anti-Pfaffian. We find that both possibilities exhibit the same qualitative behavior, and both have an even-odd effect that reflects their non-Abelian nature, but differ quantitatively in their voltage and temperature dependence.


Experiments were performed to determine the effect of granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration and sulfur-based reducing agents on chlorite and chlorate ions in water. It is concluded that neither GAC filtration nor sulfur-based reduction is a feasible means of removing chlorine dioxide by-products


Aims : With the availability of effective but expensive treatment in the form of imatinib, accurate diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is extremely important. The aims of this study were: to describe the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of cases referred to a cancer centre with a possible diagnosis of GIST; to identify pitfalls in the performance and interpretation of KIT immunohistochemistry; to define the role of KIT mutation testing in making a diagnosis of GIST.


For many decades, hemostatic and immune defense mechanisms were thought to act independently. More recently, this concept has been revised largely. Thus, it is becoming apparent that platelets, like leukocytes, have multiple functions in innate and adaptive immunity, changing their role from "innocent bystanders" to integral players in inflammatory or infectious processes and immunity (1, 2). For example, platelets express and secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory molecules that can trigger or modulate immune responses (3). Apart from that, up-regulation of plasma components such as distinct adhesive proteins and several coagulation factors in response to inflammatory processes (commonly designated "acute phase reaction") is a frequent and well-known but less wellunderstood phenomenon. The multiple functions of tissue factor also illustrate the extensive cross talk between inflammation and coagulation. For example, apart from its crucial role in initiating coagulation by activating FVII (4), membrane-bound tissue factor is also capable of signal transduction, thus mediating inflammatory pathways (5). A brief look at the evolution reveals that hemostasis and immune defense have emerged from a "common trunk". Thus, invertebrates possess circulating cells termed hemocytes that have a dual role: hemocytes protect the host from invading microbes, prevent loss of hemolymph by initiating coagulation upon injury, and mediate wound healing (1, 6). Only at the level of lower vertebrates, immune defense and hemostatic mechanisms are carried out through distinct cell populations, i. e. leukocytes and nucleated thrombocytes, while anucleated platelets are only found in mammals. Recently proposed concepts and designations such as "immuno-thrombosis" (7) or "thrombo-inflammation" (8) are reflecting both the evolutionary nexus and the up-to-date contention of a multifunctional link between hemostasis and the immune system. This theme issue of Hamostaseologie presents several highlights of the GTH Congress 2015 (9, 10) and offers the opportunity to reflect and strengthen a central topic, which was covered in various stateof-the-art lectures at the Dusseldorf conference. Ruggeri and Mendolicchio provide a comprehensive review on the key role of plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) and its interaction with platelet and endothelial cell receptors or extracellular matrix components during physiological hemostasis and abnormal thrombus formation (11). Specifically, the impact of flow dynamic conditions on the action of VWF after traumatic injury or atherosclerotic plaque rupture is discussed in detail. Complementary to this contribution, Reininger reports on the function of ultra-large VWF multimers that are being formed under abnormally high shear stress and modulated by ADAMTS13-induced proteolytic cleavage. This interaction appears to provide an effective regulatory mechanism to control highly reactive ultra-large VWF multimers (12) . Vogtle et al. summarize recent insights into platelet receptors, including the C-type lectin-like (CLEC) receptor 2, and their role as potential pharmacological tarProf. Rudiger E. Scharf Institut fur Hamostaseologie, Hamo therapie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitatsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Fo to : D an ie l S ch um an n


The main purpose of current study was to evaluate effect of Thymus vulgaris essential oil ointment in wound healing. Forty eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups. Experimental wound was induced on the anterior-dorsal side of each rat. Group 1 served as control and received basal formulation ointment. Groups 2 and 3 received 1.5 and 3 % of Thymus vulgaris essential oil. Wound healing activity as a closure percentage was determined on days 4, 12 and 21 post-operation. The number of fibroblast and macrophages, collagen deposition and neovascularization were assessed on 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after wound incision. wound area significantly decreased in Thymus vulgaris ointment treated groups compared to control group on days 4, 12 and 21 post operation, respectively (P<0.05). Administrating of Thymus vulgaris ointment, significantly (P<0.05) increased fibroblast and macrophages distribution and up-regulated the new vessels formation and collagen deposition on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 after wound induction (P<0.05). It is suggested that Thymus vulgaris ointment is useful for healing.


A series of 10-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-decahydroacridine-1,8-dione derivatives were synthesized by one-pot reaction of aldehyde, dimedone or 1,3-cyclohexanedione and methylamine in glycol or water under microwave heating without catalyst. The method has the advantage of short routine and reaction time, high yields as well as friendly environment. And the reaction was not only suitable for aliphatic and aromatic monoaldehyde, but also for aromatic dialdehyde.


Bacteriological investigations were carried on 264 patients treated in 1988-1990. 1736 samples of biological materials were taken and it amounts to 6-7 samples from each patient. Most frequently isolated microorganisms were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), Proteus mirabilis (13%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%) and Staphylococcus aureus (10%). Serological typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was performed according to Habs and domination of immunotype P16 (30%) was detected. Majority of isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae were not typable with basic and broadened phage set. One strain was susceptible to phages KI12 and KI27. This phage type was not isolated in Poland before. Staphylococci were most frequently susceptible to group II phages (29%), additional phages (19%) and 15% were not typable with the phage set used. Isolated bacteria were in majority resistant to numerous antibiotics.


Over 2 billion years ago, with the growth of large numbers of O2-producing cyanobacteria, our planet emerged from anaerobiosis. The cyanobacteria needed only light, water, and inorganic nutrients, with CO2 as a carbon source, to replicate. Numerous genes have been identified that are required specifically for synthesis and deposition of heterocyst envelope glycolipids and polysaccharide, respiratory processes in heterocysts, and cessation of division in those cells that will become heterocysts. Akinetes differentiate either specifically adjacent to heterocysts (or sometimes near but not contiguous), distant from heterocysts, or independent of heterocysts. Some nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria establish symbiotic relationships with different plants and fungi. These cyanobacteria, mostly in the genus Nostoc, are able to form symbioses with bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms and provide fixed nitrogen to the plants. The expression of ntcA is dependent on the presence of an intact ntcA, and the expression of hetC may also be positively autoregulated. HetC is an unlikely candidate for a regulatory molecule, because its product is similar to ATP-binding cassette transporters of proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides. Cell wall metabolism evidently plays an important role in heterocyst formation, as was first shown by the observation that genes rfbP and rfbZ participate in the normal formation of vegetative cell lipopolysaccharide, and yet are Fox genes, required only for aerobic growth on N2.


The introduction of the E.B.C. Colour Scale in 1951 considerably reduced the wide discrepancies in beer colour measurement given by the earlier Brand and Iodine Scales. The present situation is reviewed here with the object of further improvement.

Reasons are given for preferring eye to instrumental measurement of wort and beer colour.

In a collaborative study of the E.B.C. glasses, Hartong solution has been used as a standard, reproducible colour solution with an absorption curve similar to that of beer. These tests have given similar average results for the solution in all laboratories and values have not been significantly affected by surrounding lighting conditions or by the use of any one of the three varieties of E.B.C. glasses which exist.

Differences in readings between observers have been shown to exist and methods are given for reducing personal variation.

Methods for the routine control and maintenance of the E.B.C. glasses and comparators are given.

A definition of the E.B.C. Scale is given in chromaticity co-ordinates.


The relative performance of 3 alternative pasture legumes, in comparison with subterranean clover, grown in a 1:1 pasture:crop rotation was investigated during 1997–2001, at 2 sites in the high rainfall (>500 mm/year) zone of southern Australia. Seedling densities of the pasture legumes (before and after crop) were examined, along with herbage dry matter production, growth pattern and seed production. After 2 cycles of a 1:1 pasture:crop rotation, average seedling densities of balansa (Trifolium michelianum Savi var. michelianum), Persian (T. resupinatum L. var. resupinatum Gib. and Belli), arrowleaf (T. vesiculosum Savi.) and subterranean (T. subterraneum L.) clovers at the 2 sites were 6810, 2910, 680 and 630 plants/m2, respectively. Average cumulative herbage mass in 2001 was 7.49, 5.21, 8.53 and 7.76 t DM/ha.year, respectively. All clovers produced a large seed pool: balansa, 71.8 g/m2; subterranean, 38.9 g/m2; Persian, 35.5 g/m2; and arrowleaf, 35.4 g/m2. The results suggest that a 1:1 pasture:crop rotation is sustainable, in terms of pasture seed–seedling dynamics for each of the legumes, and that under this system the pasture legumes need to be sown only once.


Teaching calling was once seen as a 'low pressure occupation' and they have been begrudged for residency, light outstanding burden, adaptability and different advantages, for example, remote excursions for study and gathering. Be that as it may, some ongoing investigations propose that college staff is among the most focused on word related gathering. The current examination was directed to investigate thepersonnel observation towards word related pressure utilizing set up survey, information gathered from five divisions in the private schools. To discover supposition about educating and dealing with understudies, to discover the pressure makers, to examination of sharing pressure issues, to discover procedures applied by the College instructors for overseeing pressure.


This research aims to investigate the effect of collaborative learning on the self-confidence in solving mathematical problems. The statistical population consists of all female students of the district one of Bandar Abbas in year 2014-2015. The sample includes 52 students (26 students in control group and 26 ones in test group). The Questionnaire of Self-confidence in Solving Mathematical Problems was applied as the data collection instrument. Quasi-experimental method was applied. Therefore, control and test groups were gathered before intervention of self-confidence-related data. Then, the control group was exposed to traditional method and the test group experienced the intervention of collaborative learning. After the intervention, when the classes were finished, post-intervention date were collected. The data collected in pre-test and post-test stages was statistically analyzed through ANCOVA. Finally, results indicated that collaborative learning has a significant effect on the self-confidence (p=0.001), ability (p=0.001), interest (p=0.001), and persistence (p=0.001) in problem solving, while it has no significant effect on inability to solve problems (p=0.054). Therefore, collaborative learning is a suitable method to improve self-confidence in solving mathematical problems among the students.


We numerically and experimentally demonstrated that 100% driving voltage doesn't necessarily yield optimal results in duobinary systems. Compared with conventional condition, a 2.5 dB sensitivity improvement is obtained using 3 GHz LPFs with optimum voltage.


Abstract : Lithium oxide of highly active surface area (10 sq m/g or better) has been prepared. This material can absorb up to 1.25 times its weight of carbon dioxide, thus making the most efficient CO2 absorber on the basis of its weight. For efficient operation, the molar ratio of water vapor over carbon dioxide in the gaseous atmosphere should be at least unity. At 5 psia of oxygen and 50% relative humidity, the temperature of the gas should be at least 50F (10C) to approach this molar ratio value. A 'passivedynamic' atmosphere regeneration unit was designed with a small motor blower that circulates the gaseous environment through a cone shaped granular bed of lithium oxide (4-14 mesh). The unit weighs 4-1/2 pounds and has been shown to absorb the daily carbon dioxide output, or more, of one man. The outflowing gas is free of irritating dust due to efficient filters and the gas temperatures are at comfortable levels. The effects of weightlessness, vibration and acceleration on the functioning of the unit, have been considered in its design. An adequate amount of safety of operation also was imparted to the unit. The unit can easily be recharged with fresh lithium oxide granules.


The evaluation of speeches in ancient histories by modern scholars is very varied. Tarn (p. 286) opened his discussion of 'The speeches in Arrian' with the following words: Speaking generally, one expects a speech in any ancient historian to be a fabrication, either composed by the historian himself or by a predecessor, or else some exercise from one of the schools or rhetoric which he had adopted. On the other hand, according to Fornara (p. 143), 'the fact does not seem to have been sufficiently appreciated that the ancients unfailingly endorsed the convention that speeches must be reported accurately'. When Fornara made a generalization, he wrote as follows: The ancients had unanimously adopted the Thucydidean principle of honest reporting of the things that were said as well as the things that were done.


A galvanostatic process of dissolution and redeposition has been developed using a chemically deposited polypyrrole on a cotton substrate as the positive electrode in trilluoroacetic acid. The redeposition of the conducting polymer has been carried out on metals like Pt or ITO (indium tin oxide) or AI. In this process, the conducting polymer is solubilised in the medium and transported to the cathode. The deposited polypyrrole has an excellent morphology for use in the conducting polymer battery. The infrared spectral features are analysed and compared with the parent polymer.


Current design trends have shown that crosstalk issues in deep sub-micron can cause severe design validation and test problems. This paper addresses the problem of delay testing considering crosstalk-induced delay effects. A delay test pattern generation technique is proposed based on waveform sensitization. Crosstalk-induced effects on critical paths are targeted to improve test effectiveness of delay testing. Experimental results show the efficiency of this technique. It can be applied to circuits of reasonable sizes by generating delay tests considering crosstalk-induced effects within an acceptable amount of time.


To handle the stringent performance and power requirements of future exascale-class applications, High Performance Computing (HPC) systems need ultra-efficient heterogeneous compute nodes and hardware accelerators with a high degree of specialization. Ideally, dynamic reconfiguration will be an intrinsic feature, so that specific HPC application features can be optimally accelerated, even if they regularly change over time. We create a new and flexible exploration platform for developing reconfigurable architectures, design tools and HPC applications with run-time reconfiguration built-in as a core fundamental feature instead of an add-on. Our project proposes an open research platform that covers the entire stack from architecture up to the application, focusing on the fundamental building blocks for run-time reconfigurable exascale HPC systems: new chip architectures with very low reconfiguration overhead, new tools that truly take reconfiguration as a central design concept, and applications that are tuned to maximally benefit from the proposed run-time reconfiguration techniques. Ultimately, this open platform will enable groundbreaking research towards new exascale computing platforms.


An unusual but effective way to determine at threshold the d{pi}{r_reversible}NN transition strength {alpha} is to exploit the hadronic ground-state broadening {Gamma}{sub 1s} in pionic deuterium, accessible by x-ray spectroscopy. The broadening is dominated by the true absorption channel d{pi}{sup -{yields}}nn, which is related to s-wave pion production pp{yields}d{pi}{sup +} by charge symmetry and detailed balance. Using the exotic atom circumvents the problem of Coulomb corrections to the cross section as necessary in the production experiments. Our dedicated measurement finds {Gamma}{sub 1s}=(1171{sub -49}{sup +23}) meV yielding {alpha}=(252{sub -11}{sup +5}) {mu}b.


New condition numbers and stability constants for the numerical behaviour of Cramer's rule and Gaussian elimination for solving two linear equations in two unknowns under data perturbations and rounding errors of floating-point arithmetic are established. By these means fundamental error estimates and stability theorems are proved. The error estimates are illustrated by a series of numerical examples.


There are several paradigms of 'first philosophy' (e.g. Aristotle, Descartes). A third paradigm of first philosophy is transcendental pragmatics or transcendental semiotics (exemplified by Peirce and Wittgenstein). Husserl correctly grasped that Descartes inaugurated first philosophy in the sense of a transcendental inquiry into the foundations of absolute knowledge. But Husserl's retrieval of Descartes remains within the second paradigm in that it ignores the role of language as a condition of the possibility of objectively constituted knowledge. I propose to re-examine Descartes's conception of first philosophy to see if it can be read in the light of the third paradigm of transcendental philosophy, namely transcendental semiotics. I argue that Cartesian methodic doubt can be rehabilitated (against Wittgenstein's critique) as a kind of 'fallibilistic' approach to knowledge of a Peircean kind, and that the Cartesian cogito can be read (following Hintikka) as recognition of performative contradiction and ...


Experiments were devised to study the angular variation of the resistance and noise properties of one- and two-level chevron stretcher magnetoresistive detectors for use in field access bubble memory devices. All measurements, made with an electronic system, were performed on glass or garnet samples upon which 1 micron of SiO2 was sputter-deposited, followed by 4000 A of Permalloy for the 28-micron-period devices and 0.8 microns of SiO2, followed by 3000 A of Permalloy for the 20-micron-period devices. The geometrical and drive-state dependence of the zero-state noise were studied, as was its frequency dependence. It is found that both types of detectors operate primarily in the amplitude-shift mode for drive fields of interest and that the presence of a bubble in a detector causes a magnetoresistance change equal to that produced by increasing the in-plane drive field about 8 Oe in the absence of a bubble.


Non-classical probability (along with its underlying logic) is a defining feature of quantum mechanics. A formulation that incorporates them, inherently and directly, would promise a unified description of seemingly different prescriptions of non-classicality of states that have been proposed so far. This paper sets up such a formalism. It is based on elementary considerations, free of ad-hoc definitions, and is completely operational. It permits a systematic construction of non-classicality conditions on states. As important applications, we show the emergence of two important criteria, non-locality and entanglement, as consequences of breakdown of classically valid elementary logical propositions.


The traditional method of Web design has being put in erroneous zone, many thought about witch are suitable to the early-time or facing-page Web sites' development, facing in the modern commercial sites massive business to process with difficulty. In opposite to the organization, the content, orderliness and the performance, the interaction is the key point which in the current Web design need to pay attention to. In the Web design, the interactive designer, the information designer and the visual designer need to cooperate whith each other closely. the Web design process and the common software development is similar.


The utility model discloses a concrete plate beam hinge joint structure. The concrete plate beam hinge joint structure comprises a plurality of concrete prefabricated plates, wherein hinge joints are cast between two adjacent prefabricated plates; a plurality of grooves are formed in the joint faces, which are jointed with the hinge joints, of the prefabricated plates; tenons which are embedded into the grooves exist on the joint faces, which are jointed with the prefabricated plates, of the hinge joints; the grooves and the tenons are the same in quantity. The utility model further discloses a corresponding construction method. In the method, a plurality of bosses are arranged on the inner sides of prefabricated templates of the concrete prefabricated plates, a plurality of grooves corresponding to the bosses are formed in the joint faces, which are jointed with the hinge joints, of the prefabricated plate, hinge joint concrete is cast into the grooves during casting of the hinge joint concrete among plate beams, and a plurality of concave-convex tenon-groove structures are formed by the plate beams and the hinge joints, so that stable combination of the hinge joints and the plate beams is realized, the shearing force among the plate beams can be effectively transmitted through the hinge joints, damages are avoided, and single plate stress caused by incomplete connection between the hinge joints and the plate beams is avoided.


The educational gap in student achievement is steadily broadening among the various disaggregatedgroups throughout our nation's public schools. School administrators, teachers, politicians, and otherstakeholders are scampering about trying to find a solution to this ever-growing problem. Unfortunately,they are looking for the answer in all the wrong places. In fact, the answer to this crisis in America'spublic school system lies in a series of questions. School administrators and teachers need only toaddress the following in order to effectively provide students with a quality education: What do raceand ethnicity have to do with students' ability to read and write? How does gender factor into studentsacademic potential? How can an interest in the same-sex prevent a student from learning? What isthe educational relevance of labeling students as economically disadvantaged? With the advancementin technology and a plethora of available resources, how is it possible to allow language barriers tostifle student achievement? Does such categorization cast these students into the proverbial corner oflow achievers before they have a chance to prove otherwise? Instead of allowing pre-assessmentsand diagnostic exams to inform them of students' academic strengths and weaknesses, principals andteachers have allowed these biases to cripple the learning process in America's public school system.In essence, one can succinctly summarize the aforementioned questions into one answer: Is it diversitythat adversely impacts student achievement or the discriminatory beliefs of school administrators andteachers that serve as monumental stumbling blocks to the right of every American student to beafforded a quality, public education that is culturally, mentally, emotionally, socially, and physicallyinclusive?


Branchinecta mediospinosa, a new species of fairy shrimp, is described from a single artificial temporary pool in Kansas, USA. The type locality has since been destroyed. The new species shares several characters with Branchinecta lindahli and B. constricta including the general form of the male second antennal distal antennomere. However, B. mediospinosa males are readily separated from all other Branchinecta species by the presence of an apically spiniform projection on the second antenna proximal antennomere medial surface. Female B. mediospinosa also strongly resemble female B. lindahli, however B. mediospinosa has hemispherical dorsolateral projections on thoracic segments IV to X, whereas in B. lindahli they occur on IV to XI, and in B. constricta they appear on IV to XII. The Anostraca of Kansas and the Great Plains are briefly discussed, and new large branchiopod records are presented.


In this paper,3-D numerical simulations are carried out to study the fluid flow and heat transfer of fin-and-tube heat exchangers with delta-winglet vortex generators.The numerical results show that for both the inline tube arrangement and the staggered tube arrangement,the delta-winglet vortex generators can significantly enhance the heat transfer performance of fin-and-tube heat exchangers with relatively low penalty of pressure drop for the Reynolds number range under consideration.The enhanced configurations are more effective for lower Reynolds numbers than for higher Reynolds numbers.The numerical results are also analyzed from the view point of field synergy principle which says that the reduction of the intersection between velocity and temperature gradient is the basic mechanism for heat transfer augmentation


Analyzing network traffic over time is crucial for understanding the changes in network activity. To properly examine network traffic patterns over time, multiple network events in each timestamp need to be converted to time series data. In this study, we propose a new approach to transform network traffic data into time series formats by extracting temporal features to analyze normal/attack patterns. The normal patterns indicate network traffic occurred without any intrusion-related activities, whereas the attack patterns denote potential threats that deviate from the normal patterns. To evaluate the features, long short-term memory (LSTM) is applied to forecast multi-step network normal and attack events. Visual analysis is also performed to enhance the understanding of key features in the network. We compared the performance differences using time scales of 60 and 120 s. Upon evaluation, we found that the temporal features extracted with the 60 s time scale exhibited better performance in forecasting future network events.


We have discussed the problems of non linear interaction between electromagnetic radiations with atoms from semi-classical point of view. Time dependent Schrodinger equation for single electron system is solved by using perturbative technique to obtain transition probability. Higher order perturbation is also discussed which is used in multiple processes, in which two or more quanta are emitted instead of a single photon. The theory is based on assumption that the perturbation is small. From this transition probability ionization rate and absorption cross-section of hydrogen atom is calculated. Its variation with photon energy and field strength is analyzed which agrees very well with experimental observations. The Himalayan Physics Vol. 3, No. 3 2012 Page : 40-43


1. The two laws of Thermodynamics have proved by far the most powerful, indeed almost the only, means we possess of connecting the phenomena in one branch of Physics with those in another. Though the two laws are usually grouped together, it should not be forgotten that they differ essentially in character. The First Law is a direct application to Physics of one of the most important dynamical principles, that of the Conservation of Energy; while the Second Law, which for the purpose of connecting various physical phenomena is even more important than the first, is not, strictly speaking, a dynamical principle at all, since its statement involves a reference to quantities which never occur in abstract Dynamics. Clausius and Sir William Thomson, the two physicists to whom the Second Law owes its importance, have connected it with other principles which seem more axiomatic.


This paper discusses the use of EHV shunt reactors on transmission systems from the application and reactor design viewpoints. Various factors relating to reactor construction, including testing, are discussed, and emphasis is placed on a gapped-core design for EHV applications. The results of steady-state and transient performance studies for this design are presented.


It is clearly established now that social representations are created on the basis of personal and group knowledge and experiences. As such, social representations have a historical dimension and must be examined over the long term. This suggests that research on social representations and social memory should be compared. In this paper, we examine some potential relationships that exist between social representations and memory by focusing on the representational dynamics and on notions referred to as themata, primitives, or ontemes. We think that these notions give access to a representational background which is a fundamental element to explore social memory.


For the requirement of the inertial confinement fusion(ICF) driven by laser,a remote control system for the streak camera was designed.The scheme of networked virtual instruments was used for the system design,the PC104 plus computer,the PC104 multi-function data acquisition card,general purpose computer and the Eithernet were used as the system hardware,and the G language Lab VIEW was used to develop the remote software.Expriments of the remote control system showed that the system could remotely achieve the power control,working voltage control,delay time control and sweep time control.


Abstract The purpose of this research was to determine if viewing a videotape could be an effective method to promote healthful knowledge and behaviors among Navy personnel. The objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate six U.S. Navy health promotion videotapes in terms of changes in knowledge, self-efficacy, behavioral intentions, and self-reported behavior, and (b) determine the effects of a pre- and post-viewing discussion. A repeated-measures, split-plot factorial design with experimental and control groups was employed to evaluate the six videotapes. A pre- and post-test questionnaire was used to assess changes in knowledge, self-efficacy, behavioral intent, and self-reported behavior in 299 active duty personnel. It was found that the back injury prevention videotape produced a significant increase in knowledge by group over time. However, the other five videotapes did not produce significant increases in knowledge, self-efficacy, behavioral intentions, or self-reported behavior. These findings ...


New corrosion-resistant, iron-based amorphous metals have been identified from published data or developed through combinatorial synthesis, and tested to determine their relative thermal phase stability, microstructure, mechanical properties, damage tolerance, and corrosion resistance. Some alloy additions are known to promote glass formation and to lower the critical cooling rate [F. Guo, S. J. Poon, Applied Physics Letters, 83 (13) 2575-2577, 2003]. Other elements are known to enhance the corrosion resistance of conventional stainless steels and nickel-based alloys [A. I. Asphahani, Materials Performance, Vol. 19, No. 12, pp. 33-43, 1980] and have been found to provide similar benefits to iron-based amorphous metals. Many of these materials can be cast as relatively thick ingots, or applied as coatings with advanced thermal spray technology. A wide variety of thermal spray processes have been developed by industry, and can be used to apply these new materials as coatings. Any of these can be used for the deposition of the formulations discussed here, with varying degrees of residual porosity and crystalline structure. Thick protective coatings have now been made that are fully dense and completely amorphous in the as-sprayed condition. An overview of the High-Performance Corrosion Resistant Materials (HPCRM) Project will be given, with particular emphasis on the corrosion resistance of several different types of iron-based amorphous metals in various environments of interest. The salt fog test has been used to compare the performance of various wrought alloys, melt-spun ribbons, arc-melted drop-cast ingots, and thermal-spray coatings for their susceptibility to corrosion in marine environments. Electrochemical tests have also been performed in seawater. Spontaneous breakdown of the passive film and localized corrosion require that the open-circuit corrosion potential exceed the critical potential. The resistance to localized corrosion is seawater has been quantified through measurement of the open-circuit corrosion potential (E{sub corr}), the breakdown potential (E{sub crit}) and the repassivation potential (E{sub rp}). The greater the difference between the open-circuit corrosion potential and the repassivation potential ({Delta}E), the more resistant a material is to modes of localized corrosion such as pitting and crevice corrosion. Cyclic polarization (CP) was used as a means of measuring the critical potential (E{sub crit}) relative to the open-circuit corrosion potential (E{sub corr}). Linear polarization (LP) has been used to determine the corrosion current (i{sub corr}) and the corresponding corrosion rate. Other aspects of the materials will also be discussed, as well as potential applications.


Chemokines and their receptors play major roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes during development and disease. CXCR4 is the most abundantly expressed chemokine receptor during development. In contrast to other chemokine receptors, CXCR4 binds and is activated exclusively by its ligand stromal derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) or CXCL12. SDF‐1 signaling has a wide range of effects on CXCR4‐expressing cells depending on the cell type ranging from cell growth to adhesion, chemotaxis, and migration. CXCR4 also serves as a co‐receptor for HIV‐1 entry into T‐cells and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and cancer growth and invasion. Numerous inhibitors and antagonists of CXCR4 have been produced and are being tested for their efficiency to target its role in pathogenesis. Our initial expression analysis revealed that CXCR4 is expressed by the migrating myogenic and angiogenic precursors in the developing chick limb. In this study, we used the most specific peptidic inhibitors of CXCR4, T140 and its analog TN14003, to analyse the effect of blocking CXCR4/SDF‐1 signaling on the undetermined bioptent migratory progenitors in the developing chick limb. Our results point to defects in migration and an altered differentiation program of these CXCR4‐expressing progenitor pool in the limb. Developmental Dynamics 235:3007–3015, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract: In a 65‐year‐old patient with ascites, jaundice and positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the histological diagnosis of cirrhosis with knodell total score 13 was made in 1995. The patient was followed up for 8 years. Spontaneous seroconversion of HBsAg appeared. Except for slight hyperbilirubinemia, all pathologic, clinical laboratory data remained normal from the second year of diagnosis till 8 years of follow‐up. In the last follow up, the markers of liver fibrosis were all normal. The portal vein diameter was decreased and the esophageal varices disappeared. The imaging of liver by sonography and CT‐scan did not reveal any abnormality.


At present,the academic circles accept that theories of restoration are the only correct explana- tion of the relation between forms and spirits.Theories of integration in ancient time and modern systema- tism have been neglected.In fact ancient theories of integration are the embryonic form of modern system- atism.If the former could be perfected and turned into the latter,a practical solution to the fundamental problems in philosophy would be found.


Countries often have private information about their willingness to pay for protecting the climate system and their cost of emission reductions. We use a principal-agent model to re-examine the economic case for unilateral action by individual countries, in our case of the principal. We …nd that the incentive structure that arises in an incomplete information framework can motivate (i) unilateral action before contract negotiations, (ii) optimal contracts in which the principal accepts higher marginal abatement costs for herself, as well as (iii) overcompliance by the principal after the contract has been negotiated. Multilateral externalities and type-dependent outside options, which are characteristic for climate policies, play a crucial role to explain these results.


Each scientist in physics has the moral responsibility to try to adapt mathematics to physics. Einstein adapted physics to his mathematics in his Special Theory of Relativity, with which the decay of physics began.


In a supertagging task, sequence labeling models are commonly used. But their limited ability to model long-distance information presents a bottleneck to make further improvements. In this paper, we modeled this long-distance information in dependency formalism and integrated it into the process of HPSG supertagging. The experiments showed that the dependency information is very informative for supertag disambiguation. We also evaluated the improved supertagger in the HPSG parser.


The various aspects of liquid-solid semi-fluidization which have been studied and reported earlier by the authors, include the prediction of minimum and maximum semi-fluidization velocities, packed bed formation. In a recent paper the authors have given a correlation for the prediction of minimum semi-fluidization velocity from minimum fluidization velocity. An attempt has been made here to develop a correlation which relates the ratio of the maximum semi-fluidization velocity to the minimum fluidization velocity with the system parameters.


This paper describes the development of emerging colour interpolation techniques as GIMP plug-ins: Colouring Greyscale Images and Image Inpainting. The plug-ins will offer new image manipulation functionality that will enhance the capability of GIMP Colouring Greyscale Images refers to the ability to change the 'mood', colour information, of a greyscale image. The colorizing of the greyscale image is done by transferring colour between a source colour image and the destination greyscale image. Image Inpainting is the process of restoring photos/images to its original state in an undetectable manner.


Purpose: The purpose was to assess the influence of the provision of tutorial support services on learner participation in distance learning programmes in the College of Education, University of Rwanda. The objectives were to establish the extent to which scheduling of tutorial meetings for face-to-face classes influence learner participation in distance learning programmes:  assess whether provision of career guidance and counselling services influence learner participation in distance learning programmes; establish the extent to which scheduling of workshops and seminars influence learner participation in distance learning programmes; assess whether scheduling of peers meeting for discussion and interaction influence learner participation in distance learning programmes and to establish the extent to which library services  influence learner participation in distance learning programmes.
Methodology: The methodology utilized both quantitative and qualitative approaches and embraced by a cross- sectional study design which was employed to collect data from the six selected Distance learning centers in the college of Education. A sample study comprised of 315 students out of 1,474 that formed the target population.
Findings: Findings showed that provision of tutorial support services positively and significantly influence learner participation in the distance learning as indicated by regression coefficient of β= 270.222 t= 6389, p= 0.000 <0.05). Therefore, the null hypothesis H: was rejected  and the alternative (H₁) was accepted that provision of tutorial support services have no significant effect on learner participation in the distance learning in the College of Education. Even though, findings from the study provide a strong indication that learner participation is influenced by tutorial support services such as scheduling of tutorial meeting face-to-face classes, provision of career guidance and counselling services, scheduling of the workshops and seminars, scheduling of peers meeting for discussion and interaction and library services, they are inadequate. In addition, the study did not find scheduling of workshops and seminars, as well as provision of career guidance and counselling services indicators to be statistically significant.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The unique contribution for this study in practice is that the University of Rwanda should lay down practical strategies of providing the necessary support services to learners and ensuring that digital technologies are enhanced to enable them to effectively and efficiently participate through discussions and interactions amongst themselves. In theory, this study will open up new room for academic discussions in the pedagogic perspectives and to policy imperatives, the government should find funding mechanisms on what works well for the successful delivery of distance learning programmes.


The utility model provides a mobile terminal with the function of measuring the lung capacity, which comprises a gas parameter sensing unit, a detection function selecting unit, a data processing unit and an output unit, wherein the detection function selecting unit transmits a detection command required by users to the data processing unit; the data processing unit receives the command and processes parameters transmitted by the gas parameter sensing unit into data with medical significance; and the output unit outputs the data with medical significance to the users. The utility model can conveniently test the lung capacity by means of wide mobile terminals such as a mobile phone and the like, is free from the busy and tiredness for going to a medical mechanism, and is particularly suitable for disabled or busy people.


The methods and results of a gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of bile acids in serum are presented. The analysis of bile acids in serum involves enzymatic hydrolysis (cholylglycine hydrolase), preparation of propionated methyl ester derivatives of bile acid and gas chromatographic procedure with 2. 5 % OV-1. Adequate separation of the individual bile acids, (cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acid) was achieved with vitamine E caprylate as an internal standard. A detector response· was linear and recovery of radioactive taurocholic acid and non-radioactive vitamine E caprylate added to the serum was 82. 10±6. 86 and 80. 96±1. 62% respectively. The serum fasting bile acid concentrations of normal controls were 3.17 ±2. 34 for total bile acids, 1. 17±1. 25 for cholic acid, 1. 34 ± 2. 11 for chenodeoxycholic acid and 1. 29 ± 0. 95 μg/ml for ·deoxycholic acid. The differences in the serum total bile acid levels, magnitude of the increase in the serum concentration between cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid and serum concentration level of deoxycholic acid which were all characterized in various hepatobiliary diseases seemed to be useful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatobiliary diseases. However, these serum bile acid concentrations were frequently observed overlapped in some of the individuals among hepatobiliary diseases. An endogenous bile add tolerance test with 2 μg/kg caerulein injection demonstrated more distinction in serum bile acid levels between normal and chronic active hepatitis and between chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis than indicated by a fasting total bile acid level alone. Percent chenodeoxycholic acid increased more · than any other individual bile acids during the endogenous bile acid tolerance test suggesting the most important role of chenodeoxycholic acid. 263 *> ~ll!ffHDJ. ffli.Jjj(iWJf*, 1J,ll!EB1J!, ~113~. i:f:tJll~tt. ~EB~£. =tff": 7l7-. ~ P '"?I!/7 7 -r -~t~J: Qlfflrn. )i~,'il!O).Ifillftlll!Tt®lllU~t~-?1,,-c (~Jlll~.rfilfiilrn.Tt®.to J: vtP3~~Jll!.Ttfti~1ili7 7' r) 264 G. Kajiyama et al.


The purpose of this paper is to determine the state-of-the-art assistive technologies (ATs) developed for people living with visual disability and those that are used in academic libraries around the world as a way of proffering solution to the challenges faced by visually impaired students in accessing information.,The data used for this paper were derived from website of companies that specialize in ATs for people living with disability and the library website of the top 14 universities in the world based on the 2020 QS world ranking of universities.,This study found that foremost academic libraries in the UK and the USA have integrated various ATs into library services as information access mechanism for students living with visual impairment. The study found that the most commonly used screen reader software is the Job Access With Speech (JAWS). The study also found that one of the institutions has a mission statement on their website, clearly stating support for people living with disability.,This study was conducted using only the 2020 QS world ranking of universities. It would be interesting to see results of academic libraries from Africa based on their ranking.,The paper provides highlights on trends that may inform academic libraries in the quest to providing ATs for students living with visual impairments. This paper may assist academics libraries who are at the brink of decision-making on use of ATs as information access mechanism to the visually impaired students.,This paper is the first to provide librarians with ideas and innovations on specific ATs used by leading academic libraries in the world.


N. K. B. Pang, M. E. Nga, S. Y. Chin, T.‐M. Ismail, G. L. Lim, R. Soong and M. Salto‐Tellez
KRAS and BRAF mutation analysis can be reliably performed on aspirated cytological specimens of metastatic colorectal carcinoma


The aim of this paper is to present the validation of a new methodology implemented in ANSYS CFX (ANSYS, 2009), that extends the standard capabilities of the inhomogeneous MUltiple-SIze Group model (MUSIG) by additionally accounting for bubble size changes due to heat and mass transfer. Bubble condensation plays an important role in sub-cooled boiling or steam injection into pools among many other applications of interest in the Nuclear Reactor Safety (NRS) area and other engineering areas. Since the mass transfer rate between phases is proportional to the interfacial area density, a polydisperse modelling approach considering different bubble sizes is of main importance, because an accurate prediction of the bubble diameter distribution is required. The standard MUSIG approach is an inhomogeneous one with respect to bubble velocities, which combines the size classes into different so-called velocity groups to precisely capture the different behaviour of the bubbles depending on their size. In the framework of collaboration between ANSYS and the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD) an extension of the MUSIG model was developed, which allows to take into account the effect of mass transfer due to evaporation and condensation on the bubble size distribution changes in addition to breakup and coalescence effects. After the successful verification of the model, the next step was the validation of the new developed model against experimental data. For this purpose an experiment was chosen, which was investigated in detail at the TOPFLOW test facility at FZD. It consists of a steam bubble condensation case at 2MPa pressure in 3.9K sub-cooled water at a large diameter (DN200) vertical pipe. Sub-cooled water flows into the 195.3 mm wide and 8 m height pipe, were steam is injected at z=0.0 m and is recondensing. The experimental results are published in (Lucas, et al., 2007). Using a wire-mesh sensor technique the main characteristics of the two-phase flow were measured, i.e. radial steam volume fraction distribution and bubble diameter distribution at different heights and cross-sections. ANSYS CFX 12.0 was used for the numerical prediction. A 60 degrees pipe sector was modelled in order to save computational time, discretized into a mesh containing about 260.000 elements refined towards the pipe wall and towards the location of the steam injection nozzles. Interfacial forces due to drag, lift, turbulent dispersion and wall lubrication force were considered. The numerical results were compared to the experimental data. The agreement is highly satisfactory, proving the capability of the new MUSIG model extension to accurately predict such complex two-phase flow.


Frazier (1975) proposed an adaptive comb-filtering technique for enhancing the intelligibility of speech signals degraded by the addition of competing speech signals. This paper reports on a series of preliminary tests of speech intelligibility for materials processed by the proposed system. Sentences spoken by males and females were used as both targets and jammers. Tests were conducted for various combinations of system parameters, speakers and target-to-jammer amplitude ratios. Baseline tests were conducted for processed materials in the absence of interference and for unprocessed materials at various target-to-jammer ratios.


The principles of the method for generation algorithm of voronoi diagram were introduced,from the perspective of GIS,the voronoi algorithms were classified as vector and raster-based,then acteristics were analyzed.Further,from a practical level,the application of voronoi in GIS was summarized comprehensively,and then the development was analyzed.


Context. One of the difficulties with performing polarization analysis is that the mean polarization fraction of sub-divided data sets is larger than the polarization fraction for the integrated measurement. The resulting bias is one of the properties of the generating distribution discussed in this work. The limitations of Gaussian approximations in standard analysis based on Stokes parameters for estimating polarization parameters and their uncertainties are explored by comparing with a Bayesian analysis. The effect of uncertainty on the modulation factor is also shown, since it can have a large impact on the performance of gamma-ray burst polarimeters. Results are related to the minimum detectable polarization (MDP), a common figure of merit, making them easily applicable to any X-ray polarimeter.
Aims. The aim of this work is to quantify the systematic errors induced on polarization parameters and their uncertainties when using Gaussian approximations and to show when such effects are non-negligible.
Methods. The probability density function is used to deduce the properties of reconstructed polarization parameters. The reconstructed polarization parameters are used as sufficient statistics for finding a simple form of the likelihood. Bayes theorem is used to derive the posterior and to include nuisance parameters.
Results. The systematic errors originating from Gaussian approximations as a function of instrument sensitivity are quantified here. Different signal-to-background scenarios are considered making the analysis relevant for a large variety of observations. Additionally, the change of posterior shape and instrument performance MDP due to uncertainties on the polarimeteric response of the instrument is shown.


Concerning the development of computational tools and solutions as a decision-making aid, this paper presents the results of the waspasWEB project, which strives to provide decision-makers with a readily accessible mechanism to employ the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method. The social contribution of the project encompasses the development of a user-friendly and publicly accessible internet tool, as well as a package launched on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) to serve the community of users of the R language. The use of operational research methodologies is crucial to justify decisions, and this effort seeks to advance the adoption of such methodologies, offering managers, researchers, and the general public an intuitive and easily accessible multi-criteria decision-making tool. In this way, we present the technical specifications, usability, and interactivity of the user with the computational platform, being validated its viability through a hypothetical case study. At the end of the research, it exposes the limitations and feasibility of the proposed computational model along with future research.


Crimping tool for crimping a stented heart valve includes a housing having a front wall and a rear wall, which is disposed between the front and rear walls, and the stent to receive the stented heart valve it includes a compression assembly comprising a receiving chamber therein, a conveying device holder being rotatably connected to the front wall and the sliding of the housing. Compression assembly is movable between an uncrimped position and crimped position to reduce the diameter of the stented heart valve. .FIELD 1


This study appraises the Freedom of Information Act in Nigeria. The study made use of qualitative research method. The researcher consulted secondary sources such as books, journals, and magazines for the collection of data. The study reveals that in Nigeria, Freedom of Information Act contains more exemption sections and clauses than sections that grant access to information. This means that some mischievous public officers can use these sections for unjust and mischievous purposes. Another fundamental issue that affects The Freedom of Information Act is some other media laws that are still fully operational in Nigeria. For example, we have the Official Secrets Act, Evidence Act, the Public Complaints Commission Act, the Statistics Act, and the Criminal Code; all aimed at suppressing the free flow of information. The study recommends that the workability of the law in Nigeria remains a concern. Allaying this concern will be highly predicated on how well strict compliance is made to the relevant provisions of the law. Some of the anti-press laws that adorn or law book should either be expunged or repelled. It is in that, that the FoIA can be beneficial to the Nigerian nation and its citizens alike.


Particle laden Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) are used extensively in thermal packaging of electronic components to enhance the heat transfer between heat dissipating components and the thermal management layers. In this paper, the thermal performance of particle laden TIMs is studied numerically, using the Lattice Boltzmann method. The effect of particle volume fraction, particle size and the thermal conductivity ratio on the thermal performance of particle laden TIMs are examined. The results for the effective thermal conductivity of particle laden greases are in agreement with the existing analytical and experimental results reported in the literature.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Bipolar Disorder is a chronic psychiatric illness characterized by pathological mood swings associated with severe disruptions in emotion regulation. Clinical monitoring of mood is key to the care of these dynamic and incapacitating mood states. Frequent and detailed monitoring improves clinical sensitivity to detect mood state changes, but typically requires costly and limited resources. Speech characteristics change during both depressed and manic states, suggesting automatic methods applied to the speech signal can be effectively used to monitor mood state changes. However, speech is modulated by many factors, which renders mood state prediction challenging. We hypothesize that emotion can be used as an intermediary step to improve mood state prediction. This paper presents critical steps in developing this pipeline, including (1) a new in the wild emotion dataset, the PRIORI Emotion Dataset, collected from everyday smartphone conversational speech recordings, (2) activation/valence emotion recognition baselines on this dataset (PCC of 0.71 and 0.41, respectively), and (3) significant correlation between predicted emotion and mood state for individuals with bipolar disorder. This provides evidence and a working baseline for the use of emotion as a meta-feature for mood state monitoring.


The Forthcoming 1992-1993 Sugar Campaign Preparations are already underway for the 1992-93 campaign and it is clear that the sector will have less resources than anticipated. Sugarcane planting is not at the same levels of a year ago. Spring planting decreased by 4,700 caballerías, or 63,700 hectares (1 Ha. = 2.5 acres). It can be expected that there will be less sugarcane available for the forthcoming crop. Minister Herrera announced that the country is presently engaged in planting 11,000 caballerías, or 147,620 Ha., through the month of August for the 1993-94 sugar campaign. Soybeans will be planted as an alternative crop to sugarcane this year. (Rebelde, 3 August 1992).


Gradient-based meta-learning has proven to be highly effective at learning model initializations, representations, and update rules that allow fast adaptation from a few samples. The core idea behind these approaches is to use fast adaptation and generalization -- two second-order metrics -- as training signals on a meta-training dataset. However, little attention has been given to other possible second-order metrics. In this paper, we investigate a different training signal -- robustness to catastrophic interference -- and demonstrate that representations learned by directing minimizing interference are more conducive to incremental learning than those learned by just maximizing fast adaptation.


Using HLA matched lymphocyte activation and promote the stable engraftment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. After proliferation? Activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells or HLA-matched in the cells isolated from umbilical cord blood lymphocytes and also used as this separate collected by engraftment stable composition after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a main component the HLA matched lymphocyte. As a result, it is possible to use widely used in hematopoietic stem cell engraftment failure prevention and treatment promotes engraftment after transplantation. The dose of the present composition varies depending on the age, symptoms, and 0.2 ~ 20mg / ㎏ / day administration of the humanized antibody relative to mammals including human. Administration, once a day (single administration or consecutive days administration) or intermittently one to three times a week, 2, is carried out by a one-time intravenous injection for three weeks.


Large software applications are made up of many specialized tools. In Microsoft Word the document editor is supported by tools to create and fix drawings and tables. Programming environments have custom views (difference editors) and analyses (performance reports) to help developers make robust code. Every application has tools to help users sift the documentation.

In usability, we usually test a tool at a time, yet complex work requires many tools, and this brings a new set of issues. How do I know when I should be using a different tool? What tool do I need when the one I am using is not working? How do I get to it? How quickly can I start using it?

In complex or creative work, our observations show that users seldom choose the correct tool as soon as work progress dictates. This erodes productivity and creativity and is a prime target for improved designs.

Usability practice needs a procedure to identify, record, count, and highlight tool switch events for study. This paper describes one that supports the trained observers on which User-Centered Design relies to detect problems and causes, and evaluate design changes.