Summary form only given. Language is primarily a physical, more particularly a biological phenomenon. To say that it is primarily so is to say that that is how, in the first instance, it presents itself to observation. It is curious then that theoreticians of language treat it as though it were primarily semantic or syntactic or a fusion of the two, and as though our implicit understanding of semantics and the syntax regulates both our language production and our language comprehension. The brain is both a repository of semantic and syntactic constraints, and is the instrument by which we draw upon these accounts for the hard currency of linguistic exchange. With this view comes a division of the vocables of language into those that carry semantic content (lexical vocabulary) and those that mark syntactic form (functional and logical vocabulary). Logical theory of the past 150 years has been understood by many as a purified abstraction of linguistic forms. So it is not surprising that the "logical" vocabulary of natural language has been understood in the reflected light of that formal science. Those internal transactions in which "logical" vocables essentially figure, the transactions that we think of as reasonings, are seen by many as constrained by those laws of thought that logic was thought to codify. Of course no vocabulary can be entirely independent of semantic understanding, but whereas the meaning of lexical vocabulary varies from context to context (run on the treadmill, run on the market, run-on sentence, etc.) logical vocabulary has fixed minimal semantic content independent of context.


The study of vibration control by H_∞ controller is presented. An electromagnetic-ball-suspension setup is employed to carry this research on performance of controller in terms of robustness and vibration spillover.


In order to improve the utilisation and performance of anode catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are used as a support for palladium (Pd) nanoparticles synthesised by photochemical reduction. MWCNTs are modified by methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light (f uv -MWCNTs), and then Pd nanoparticles are assembled on the f uv -MWCNTs to form composites (Pd/f uv -MWCNTs). The method is green, simple and does not destroy the pristine structure of the MWCNTs. The morphology and structure of prepared composites are characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that Pd nanoparticles with face-centred cubic crystal structure are about 3.9 nm in size, and are uniformly dispersed on the surface of f uv -MWCNTs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals that N-containing and S-containing groups exist in f uv -MWCNTs. These groups might be active sites for assembly of Pd nanoparticles on the surface of f uv -MWCNTs, and can modify the electronic structure of Pd nanoparticles. Electrochemical experiments indicate that the prepared Pd/f uv -MWCNTs catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance. The catalytic activity of Pd/f uv -MWCNTs is 1.94 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C for methanol oxidation in alkaline solution. It indicates that UV irradiation can facilitate MB to functionalise MWCNTs, reinforce the modification of the electronic structure of Pd, and enhance the catalytic activity of Pd/f uv -MWCNTs.


Resveratrol is a grape vine phenolic compound found in seventy two plant species. It was first discovered in 1939 and is classified as a stilbene because of its structure and termed a phytoalexin because of its protective effects against infections in plants. Resveratrol was named after Veratrum grandiflorum when it was isolated from the root of that vine. It is found in nature both in the cis-and trans-form, where the cisform predominates. As a supplement, resveratrol is extracted from the Japanese knotweed, or the Itadori plant.


tainly be expected, and aln unusually full gathering of American botanists. Hundreds of industrial and other societies are arranging for memorable occasions, and if some of this enthusiasm could be turned in the direction of pure science the result could not fail to be beneficial. ANOTHER matter not quite as distant may be suggested here. In connection with the papers upon physiological subjects at the Washington gathering, why not exhibit a collection of physiological apparatus? If each laboratory would send a few pieces the display would be made very interesting.


The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) was considered highly endangered and possibly extinct over its North American range for many years. Black-footed ferrets are highly dependent on prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) as a prey source (Clark et al. 1985; Forrest et al. 1988) and have been affected by long-term attempts to control or eradicate prairie dog communities. The species was officially listed as endangered in 1967 and was included under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) (Cole 1989).


This research aims to analyze the effect of Good Corporate Governance, Executive Incentives, Deferred TaxExpenses on Tax Avoidance. The population used in this research are mining sector companies that are on theIndonesian Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. By using purposive sampling, the total sample in this research was 30data from 6 companies. The research method used is panel data regression analysis using e-views 10. The resultsof this research indicate that institutional ownership, independent commissioners, executive incentives have noeffect on Tax Avoidance. Meanwhile, deferred tax expense has a negative and significant effect on tax avoidance.Simultaneously Good Corporate Governance (institutional ownership, independent commissioners), executiveincentives, and deferred tax expense have a significant effect on tax avoidance.


Conventional X-ray imaging architectures feature data redundancy and hardware consumption due to the separated sensory terminal and computing units. In-sensor computing architectures are promising to overcome such drawbacks. However, its realization in the X-ray range remains elusive. We propose an ion distribution-induced reconfigurable mechanism and demonstrate the X-ray band in-sensor computing array based on Pb-free perovskite. Redistribution of Br− ion in perovskite induces the switching of positive and negative (PN) and NP modes under electrical pooling. X-ray detection sensitivity can be switched between two stable self-power sensing modes with 4373 ± 298 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-7804\,\,\pm \,\,429\,\,\mu \text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm {Gy}}_{{\text {air}}}^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm−2, respectively, which are superior to that of commercial a-Se detectors (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20 ~\mu \text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm {Gy}}_{{\text {air}}}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm−2). Both modes exhibit a low detection limit of 48.4 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm {nGy}}_{{\text {air}}}\,\,\text{s}^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is two orders lower than the typical medical dose rate of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.5 ~\mu {\mathrm {Gy}}_{{\text {air}}}\,\,\text{s}^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The perovskite array sensors can integrate with thin-film transistors (TFTs) with low-temperature (80 °C) process, in which the photocurrent distribution under irradiation shows good uniformity. An in-sensor computing algorithm of attention mechanism is performed on array sensors for chest X-ray images disease recognition, which enables an accuracy improvement of up to 98.2%. Our results can pave the way for future intelligent X-ray imaging.


A picosecond time-resolved pump and probe experiment has been performed on a thin a-Si/sub 0.5/Ge/sub 0.5/:H film using the short optical pulses generated by the superconducting accelerator-pumped free-electron laser (FEL) at Stanford University. The FEL was tuned at 1.5 mu m. The probe beam was at the fundamental wavelength, and the pump beam was obtained after frequency doubling. The authors found that the transmission decreases due to photogeneration of carriers and then recovers on a 6 ps time scale. This recovery is the signature of ultrafast carrier recombination. It is faster than in a-Si:H for similar conditions. A possible origin of the difference is discussed. >


A finite classical polar space of rank $n$ consists of the totally isotropic subspaces of a finite vector space equipped with a nondegenerate form such that $n$ is the maximal dimension of such a subspace. A $t$-Steiner system in a finite classical polar space of rank $n$ is a collection $Y$ of totally isotropic $n$-spaces such that each totally isotropic $t$-space is contained in exactly one member of $Y$. Nontrivial examples are known only for $t=1$ and $t=n-1$. We give an almost complete classification of such $t$-Steiner systems, showing that such objects can only exist in some corner cases. This classification result arises from a more general result on packings in polar spaces.


We suggest an optomechanical system to study the manipulation of the Goos-Hänchen shift (GHS) in the reflected light. Our proposed model consists of a cavity with two plates of mirrors where one is movable(reflecting) while the other is fixed (partially reflecting). An external plate of dielectric is attached for the generation of Casimir force in the system. A Casimir force can affect the output probe field (OPF) that leads to the manipulation of optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) (Sci. Rep. 6, 27 102 (2016)). Remarkably, we explore the magnitude enhancement of the GHS in the presence of Casimir force in the system. Our theoretical model can provide the possibility in the real experiment and can study the magnitude enhancement of the GHS in the reflected light.


The research employs historical institutionalism, amplified by ideas to explain path dependent political behaviour. The theoretical framework is applied to explain political behaviour in the Balkans, where Greece and Bulgaria, despite many similarities have developed highly antagonistic path-dependent policies of obstruction towards each other that remained remarkably persistent, regardless of changing external factors during most of the XX c. The main hypothesis is that such behaviour could be properly understood neither by leverage of Great Powers, nor by ancient hatreds, but by exploring the crucial role, played by path dependent institutionalized ideas (programmatic beliefs) in shaping policy outcomes. Only when ideas change- policy change does happen. The main task of this research is to outline historical ideational impediments to Balkan regional cooperation and explore if regional cooperation is attainable. The second hypothesis argues that after the 1990s EU was such a powerful idea, that for the first time since the Independence revolutions, started to successfully challenge old institutional settings in the region, that have persisted for decades, even centuries. Political elites in the region encountered a new complicated situation, having to balance between the traditional nationalist ideational contexts and the `integration and cooperation´ ideational impetus, coming from outside. The implications of this tension between continuity and change are explored in the case studies on cooperation over common infrastructure projects between Bulgaria and Greece in the period 1990-2010. So, we are considering the long-term historical force of path dependence and the possibility it can be rooted out, or at least significantly modified. The research is not only an endeavour to study the EU´s role in the Balkans, but to contribute to the growing debate in the field about the role of ideas in political life and to use such theoretical discussions, and the comparative method, to enhance our understanding of the evolution of modern EU states.


After severe natural disasters, being able to communicate is key to effective disaster relief. When survivors are injured and trapped in remote places, for instance, they need to inform rescue workers about their situation in order to get help. The necessary infrastructure can be badly damaged, making the delivery of that information impossible. Even the disaster countermeasures of mobile operators might still leave coverage holes where there is no connection to any cellular network. In this work, we propose the use of Unpiloted Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as data mules to provide means of communication to survivors in those coverage holes. Having a fleet of UAVs, the generation of suitable flight paths is the first step required, followed by their assignment to the UAVs. This problem has been modeled as an integer linear program. Due to the computational complexity, a heuristic solving algorithm is proposed to solve the formulated problem. The optimal and the heuristic solution both have been implemented and evaluated against each other.


Asynchronous Online Discussions (AOD) are considered as one of the most ma-jor tools in learning management systems which are used in universities. The ex-ploitation of AODs forums offer students the possibility to teach and learn any-time and anywhere. They also provide students with the time needed to process learning, share ideas and points of view on e-course topics. The group size in the AODs is a substantial variable that affects the interaction and the participation of students. The purpose of our research lays in understanding the influence of the group size participating in the AODs on the development of critical thinking skills in information technology for students of the Faculty of Education, and im-proving students' performance in online discussion forums. In this research, 103 university students from the bachelor's degree have participated in the study. The participating students are studying the Computer Application in Education Course, and the Education Technology Course on the Blackboard e-learning Management System, during a 15-week semester. The findings of the research have revealed very significant conclusions; and the researcher has come up with various recommendations and suggestions for future studies and further research.


amber miller completed the 2011 Chicago marathon at 39 weeks of pregnancy and received some widespread media attention for doing so ([4][1]). Some media said that her completion of the full 26.2-mile distance at near term was a great feat, and some said it was reckless with potentially harmful


Next-generation Aerial Vehicles (AVs) demand multipath Air-to-Ground (A2G) connectivity to maintain reliable communications for safety-critical services. While utilizing redundant links improves the achievable Quality of Service (QoS), the link usage must be optimized to minimize the overall cost of connectivity. In this paper, we provide an optimization framework that minimizes the communication cost while ensuring to meet the QoS demands of the aerial application. Given the available access links and their QoS capabilities, the model selects a set of links that can jointly meet the required flow capacity, reliability and latency constraints with redundant transmission. Studying the Remote Piloting (RP) use case, we realistically implement the scenario in a flight and channel simulator, and feed the optimizer with the measured link quality from the simulation. As the optimization model is non-convex, we also linearize it, and benchmark them against conventional heuristic and brute-force algorithms. The results show that while the linearized model is favorable for online optimization scenarios due to fast computation times, the nonlinear model with Taylor approximations achieves more accurate latency behavior, and can be suitable for latency-critical applications in offline scenarios. Although dual cellular connectivity can suffice the QoS demands most of the time, excessive number of link switches imply a demand to orchestrate the access networks in a unified way to minimize connectivity disruptions.


We numerically investigate the pulsatile flow and heat transfer of a micropolar fluid through a Darcy-Forchhmeir porous channel in the presence of wall transpiration. We use the central difference approximations for the spatial derivatives, whereas the time integration has been performed by employing the three steps explicit Runge-Kutta method to obtain the numerical solution. It is noted that the Darcy parameter tends to accelerate the fluid, whereas the Forchheimer quadratic drag parameter and the magnetic parameter would reduce the flow velocity. The effect of the steady component of the pressure gradient is to remarkably accelerate the flow whereas that of the oscillatory component is time-dependent. An increase in the Prandtl number tends to almost straighten the temperature profiles.


Ceramic objects in whole or in fragments usually account for the majority of findings in an archaeological excavation. Thus, through examination of the values these items bear, it is possible to extract important information regarding raw materials provenance and ceramic technology. For this purpose, either traditional examination protocols could be followed, focusing on the macroscopic/morphological characteristics of the ancient object, or more sophisticated physicochemical techniques are employed. Nevertheless, there are cases where, due to the uniqueness and the significance of an object of archaeological value, sampling is impossible. Then, the available analytical tools are extremely limited, especially when molecular information and mineral phase identification is required. In this context, the results acquired from a multiphase clay ceramic dated on Early Neopalatioal period ΜΜΙΙΙΑLMIA (1750 B.C.E.–1490 B.C.E.), from the Minoan Bronze Age site at Philioremos (Crete, Greece) through the application of Raman confocal spectroscopy, a nondestructive/ noninvasive method are reported. The spectroscopic results are confirmed through the application of Xray microdiffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive Xray spectrometry. Moreover, it is demonstrated how it is made possible through the application of microRaman (μRaman) spectroscopy to examine and collect crucial information from very small inclusions in the ceramic fabric. The aim of this approach is to develop an analytical protocol based on μRaman spectroscopy, for extracting firing temperature information from other ceramic finds (figurines) where due to their uniqueness sampling and analyses through other techniques is not possible. This information can lead to dating but also to firing kiln technology extrapolations that are very significant in archaeology.


GOALS
To evaluate the usefulness of a 2-week patient-completed bowel habit and symptom diary as a screening tool for disordered rectoanal coordination (DRC).

BACKGROUND
DRC is an important subgroup of chronic constipation that benefits from biofeedback treatment. Diagnosis of DRC requires a dyssynergic pattern (DP) of attempted defecation in high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) and at least 1 other positive standardized examination, such as the balloon expulsion test or defecography. However, HRAM is generally limited to tertiary gastroenterology centres and finding tools for selecting patients for referral for further investigations would be of clinical value.

STUDY
Retrospective data from HRAM and a 2-week patient-completed bowel habit and symptom diary from 99 chronically constipated patients were analyzed.

RESULTS
Fifty-seven percent of the patients had a DP pattern during HRAM. In the DP group, 76% of bowel movements with loose or normal stool resulted in a sense of incomplete evacuation compared with 55% of the non-DP group (P=0.004). Straining and sensation of incomplete evacuation with the loose stool were significantly more common in the DP group (P=0.032). Hard stool was a discriminator for non-DP (P=0.044). Multiple logistic regression including incomplete evacuation and normal stool predicted DP with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 50%.

CONCLUSIONS
The sensation of incomplete evacuation with loose or normal stool could be a potential discriminator in favor of DP in chronically constipated patients. The bowel habit and symptom diary may be a useful tool for stratifying constipated patients for further investigation of suspected DRC.


Graft polymerization of styrene onto preirradiated poly(isobutylene oxide) was carried out at 25°C. The concentration of active sites for grafting was estimated by means of ESR and by the activation analysis of bromine atoms bound to the chain ends. Kinetic data such as differential amount of active sites (DACT), growth rate (GR), and average lifetime (τ) were obtained to calculate the molecular weight distribution of graft chains by the Monte Carlo simulation method. The number-average molecular weight of the graft chain was calculated from the equation, Mn = 2GRτ (mw), which agreed well with the observed value.


Molar volume of the liquid Pb-Te system has been determined with a high energy γ-ray attenuation method. It has been found that addition of a small amount of Pb smears out the anomalous temperature dependence of the molar volume of liquid Te around the melting temperature. The isotherm of molar volume as a function of concentration shows a cusp at the composition of Pb 50 Te 50 . The results have been discussed in relation with the atomic association persisting in the liquid state which causes the anomalous electrical and thermodynamic properties of this system.


Abstract: The low social sensitivity to the environment is one of the most frequent problems, as evidenced by the lack of awareness to dispose of garbage in the trash, taking care of plants and others. Schools as the main educator agents play a role in improving the social sensitivity of students through learning so that through the materials and appropriate learning meodel will be able to improve students' social sensitivity to the surrounding environment. This research is a quasi-experimental research using SPSS 17,00 in analyzing data. Based on the pretest and posttest results in the experimental class using the guided inquiry learning model is more effective for improving students' social sensitivity than the control class that carries out the pure inquiry learning model. Analysis with t test by conducting independent sample test, found t count equal to 3,99 with significance level 0,00 (sig <0,05), this means Ho refused and accept Ha. This study proves that if Ha is accepted which contains the implementation of guided inquiry learning model is greater than the use of pure inquiry model in improving social sensitivity of students in social studies subjects. Keyword: Model learning, Inquiry, Social Sensitivity


This paper uses a difference-in-difference approach to evaluate a public policy program in the primary education sector in Uganda and more specifically, if it had an effect on the pupils educational performance, i.e. on average test scores in standardized test. The program was introduced in the 1990s by the government of Uganda, and two key components in the program were a per-student capitation grant disbursed directly to the schools and the removal of user fees in primary schools. In this study, I evaluate if the public grants disbursed to the primary schools had any effect on the district average test score in the Primary Leaving Exam. The effect is estimated on district level, and the study uses the variation between districts in exposure to the capitation grant program to identify treatment and non-treatment district. I find that the capitation grant was indeed successful: on average, pupils in districts which were highly exposed to the per-capitation grant program scored 0.42 standard deviations (1.46 points) better in the Primary Leaving Exam than pupils in districts that were less exposed to the program. This corresponds to an improvement of roughly 6 percent in test score of the average pupil in Uganda. Further, the result is robust to controlling for income per capita.


Today, myriads of sensors are surrounding us. Their usage ranges from environmental monitoring (e.g., weather and air quality), over sensor-equipped smart buildings, to the quantified self and other human observing applications. The data streams produced by such sensors often update with high frequencies, resulting in large data volumes. Being able to analyze those real-time sensor data streams requires efficient visualization techniques. In our work, we explore how 3D visualizations can be used to extend the available information space. More specifically, we present an approach for processing real-time sensor data streams to enable scalable Web-based 3D visualizations. Based on an event-driven architecture, our key contribution is the presentation of three processing patterns to optimize transmission of sensor data streams to 3D Web clients.


The negotiation process is an unpredictable, interactive, and evolving process. You may know what your own negotiation style is but you may not always know who your counterparty will be and how they will behave at the table. Therefore, it is critically important to have a negotiation strategy that responds well to an unpredictable negotiation process. In this chapter, we identify three negotiation styles, discuss how to create value in negotiation, and present an interest-based negotiation framework.


THE research work discussed in }{orwegian cirque glaciers was carried out between 1947 and 1952, mainly on small cirque glaciers in the Jotunheim district. The work is divided into nine sections; the introduction by the editor, W. V. Lewis, sets out the scope of the work and introduces the authors, while in the final section, "The problem of cirque erosion", Mr. Lewis sums up the results and applies them to the formation of Blea Water corrie in the Lake District. The other seven sections cover a variety of topics and are of very different lengths and value. The most valuable section is that by J. G. McCall, on the flow characteristics of the small cirque glacier Vesl-Skautbreen, although the essential results of this very excellent study were published some years ago. The work entailed a very detailed and accurate survey of the movement of the glacier in three dimensions, on the surface and in two tunnels dug through the ice to the back wall. The account is very well illustrated with useful diagrams, in which form the data can most readily be presented. This study has provided one of the most detailed analyses of ice movement in depth yet attempted, although it is only on a small scale; this, however, creates a difficulty in that the very small rates of flow require a very high standard of accuracy in the survey. Useful observations of the character of the basal zone of the glacier are included and the section concludes with a discussion of cirque formation. This very worth-while study has carried the interpretation of corrie glacier movement beyond the stage of theory to that of fact. The second section, by M. H. Battey, sets the scene for the more purely glaciological studies by discussing the geological character of the rocks, with particular reference to their response to glacial erosion and frost action. The discussion of the part played by joints in the rocks is useful. Mrs. J. M. Grove has contributed two sections, on Vesl-Skautbreen banding and on Veslgjuv-breen. The former discusses in detail the characteristics of the ice bands as visible on the surface and as they outcropped in the tunnel. The study of the layers has enabled her to estimate the age of the ice in the corrie and the nature of accumulation and ablation. I t provides a useful introduction to the detailed study of movement by McCall. Her second contribution concerns Veslgjuv-breen which has a more complex structure. This study shows that the movement of the two ice masses is on the whole similar. That both these contributions are based on careful and painstaking field work is clearly evident. The section by R. J. Adie on the ice structure, using petrofabric analysis, is more technical. It includes a section on the equipment and techniques and also provides a useful statement of the character of the crystal structure in different types of ice. A short chapter by J. E. Jackson and Ena Thomas gives some details of survey measurements made on Veslgjuv-breen in 1951 and I9Y2, including both horizontal and vertical triangula tion. The final chapter by W. R. B. Battle on temperature observations in bergschrunds is not confined to observations in Norway, but includes Greenland and the Jungfraujoch. This account gives some idea of the difficulties of this type of research but nevertheless valuable and interesting results are reported, providing a vcry worth-while contribution to the whole. Some of the material presented has already been published, which somewhat reduces the value of the work, although it is helpful to have such detailed studies assembled under one cover. The illustrations, both photographs and diagrams, are of a very high standard, and greatly enhance the usefulness of the book. The value of combining different methods of approach to the problem of understanding ice moyement and its effect on the landscape is clearly shown. C. A. M. KING


Triple beta decay of $^{150}$Nd to the ground and excited states of $^{150}$Eu and quadruple beta decay of $^{150}$Nd to the excited states of $^{150}$Gd have been studied using a 400 cm$^3$ low-background HPGe detector and an external source consisting of 3046 g of natural Nd$_2$O$_3$ powder. A half-life limit for the quadruple beta decay to the 0$_1^+$ state of $^{150}$Gd was found to be $T_{1/2} (0\nu+4\nu) > 8.7\times10^{20}$ yr (90\% C.L.). For other (0$\nu$+4$\nu$) transitions to the 2$_1^+$, 3$_1^-$, 4$^+_1$, 2$_2^+$ and 2$^+_3$ excited states limits for the first time have been obtained at the level of $(6.1-9.5)\times10^{20}$ yr (90\% C.L.). We report here also the results for the first search for triple beta decay to the ground and excited final states of $^{150}$Eu. We find no evidence of this decay and set lower limits on the half-life in the range $T_{1/2} (0\nu+3\nu) > (0.04-4.8)\times10^{20}$ yr (90\% C.L.).


Microfossils of large filamentous trichomic prokaryotes have been detected during in-situ investigations of carbonaceous meteorites. This research has been carried out using the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) to examine freshly fractured interior surfaces of the meteorites. The images obtained reveal that many of these remains are embedded in the meteorite rock matrix. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) studies establish that the filamentous microstructures have elemental compositions consistent with the meteorite matrix, but are often encased within carbon-rich electron transparent sheath-like structures infilled with magnesium sulfate. This is consistent with the taphonomic modes of fossilization of cyanobacteria and sulphur bacteria, since the life habits and processes of these microorganisms frequently result in distinctive chemical biosignatures associated with the properties of their cell-walls, trichomes, and the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the sheath. In this paper the evidence for biogenicity presented includes detailed morphological and morphometric data consistent with known characteristics of uniseriate and multiseriate cyanobacteria. Evidence for indigeneity includes the embedded nature of the fossils and elemental compositions inconsistent with modern bio-contaminants.


Most of the work in the field of communication provides a descriptive, predictive, or proscriptive account of communication phenomena. Considerably less work in the discipline attempts to present through creative writing how communication might feel to speakers and listeners as they engage in the communicative process. In this essay, I call upon the poetic to capture the affective dimensions of various communication variables often discussed in communication textbooks. Proceeding poetically, I organize this extensive, but not exhaustive, list of variables in an order that implies a possible narrative explanation of the communicative process. I also generate fictive data in the form of short conversations between interactants for support. My aim, then, is to render communication's emotional sensibility, to imagine a poetics of communication. My hope is that the essay will (1) add to the complexity or richness of readers' understanding of communication, (2) allow readers to see their own communication practices and to identify with the poetic representations, and (3) call forward a sense of and feel for communication's affect.


High-quality Ge films were grown on Si substrates by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy using SiGe graded layer and Sb surfactant-mediation technique. Transmission electron microscopy measurements show that samples grown using this method have a lower threading dislocation density than those grown by other typical methods, such as grading at high temperature (700 °C) only, grading at intermediate temperature (510 °C) only, and the use of low temperature Si buffer. A relaxed Ge film on a 4-μm-thick graded buffer was grown and shown to have a threading dislocation density of 5.4×105 cm−2 and surface roughness of 35 A. Ge p–i–n diodes were fabricated and tested. Under a reverse bias of 1 V, the p–i–n Ge mesa photodiodes exhibit a very low dark current density of 0.15 mA/cm2.


Although filter inductor designers have routinely tended to specify molypermalloy powder cores for use in high frequency power converters and pulse-width modulated switching regulators, there are sigificant advantages in specifying C cores and cut toroids fabricated from grain oriented silicon steels which should not be overlooked. Such steel cores can develop flux densities of 1.6 tesla, with useful linearity to 1.2 tesla, whereas molypermalloy cores carrying d.c. current have useful flux density capabilities only to about 0.3 tesla. The use of silicon steel cores thus makes it possible to design more compact cores, and therefore inductors of reduced volume, or conversely to provide greater load capacity in inductors of a given volume. Information is available which makes it possible to obtain quick and close approximations of significant parameters such as size, weight and temperature rise for silicon steel cores for breadboarding. Graphs, nomographs and tables are presented for this purpose, but more complete mathematical derivations of some of the important parameters are also included for a more rigorous treatment.


This study was designed to examine the relevance of single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11212617 with treatment success in type 2 diabetes patients from Shanghai local Chinese Han population.


Web Service Composition is nothing however grouping of single internet services with numerous practicality along implement composite service. Web service composition plays important role in implementation of service orienting architectures. To differentiate the non functionality of numerous internet services Quality of service is employed. Web service composition will be described as follows Specification of WS 1st user state goal of composition with some constraints that ought to get happy. WS choice – mechanically selection of internet services that fulfills the user demand. Dynamic integration of web services at run time. Many researchers carried ton of work on composition of internet services and on quality of service that considerably affects quality of the composition that incur some issues in overall optimality of QoS and finding composite service resolution. In this paper we square measure exploitation designing based mostly approach, numerical and temporal features to convert mechanically Qos aware composition. We projected some logical and numerical optimisation techniques to handle advanced temporal issues. To achieve overall world QoS constraint we have a tendency to square measure implementing composite service graph. Web service composition based mostly on transactional properties plays important role in reliable execution. Keyword: Web service; integration; composition; numerical; temporal; execution.


The article examines some aspects of systematization of the term used in several options in the Uzbek language. And also its formation by the semantic method. To be more exact, lexical-semantic features of the terms of social-politic, agriculture, medicine and construction sphere are being analyzed. Keywords: term, process defining terms, technical terminology, denomination, compound terms.


The view of the Arab as a hospitable, honest, wild yet noble camel herder living the simple unfettered life in his black tent has been nurtured so strongly in our own culture that the myth has continued to outshine the reality. Michael Asher first encountered the reality of the Bedu during his work as a teacher in Saudi Arabia - they bore little resemblance to the myth of the noble camel herder of popular Western legend. This book is his search for the Bedu of the past and his description of the Bedu of the present throughout the whole of the Arab world.


In order to recognize runner state of hydraulic turbine timely and effective, modeling method was used to build the runner model, and effective feature was extracted for state recognition. As the input signal of hydraulic turbine runner is complex and difficult to be measured, this paper assumed the input unbalance force which act on the runner as a random processing, and a state recognition method based on blind identification of Volterra series was proposed. The Volterra model of hydraulic turbine runner was built by blind identification method with the monitoring data of guide bearing. generalized frequency response function(GFRF) was built by multi-Fourier transform. Runner state was recognized by analyzing the diversification in the frequency domain. Experimental research proves that the proposed method describe the frequency domain characteristics very well, and the extracted frequency feature is effective. Moreover, this method is suitable for state recognize of hydraulic turbine runner.


Using the taxonomy proposed by De Zubiria (2006), it is worth analyzing the multiple contributions to the study of learning made from different perspectives in the course of history in order to discover their possible impact on distance learning. He classifies these contributions into three sets of models: heteroestructurantes, autoestructurantes and dialogantes. Taking into consideration the variety of contributions and theories, this article intends to make the transversatility of these models evident within the new technology-mediated educational scheme. As a result, this work will identify how the theories ranging from connectionism to connectivism have contributed to the new learning model in which unconventional techniques are utilized


These studies explored whether phosphoinositide (PI) has a role in plants analogous to its role in animal cells. Although no parallel activity of PI in signal transduction was found in plant cells, activity of inositol phospholipid kinase was found to be modulated by light and by cell wall degrading enzymes. These studies indicate a major role for inositol phospholipids in plant growth and development as membrane effectors but not as a source of second messengers.


This chapter, for a book focused on the future of the World Trade Organization, discusses three ways that global economic law and corresponding transnational dispute settlement systems have been constructed across time: via private contracting, inter-state contracting, or through principled multilateral-ism. Offering a global capitalism and law perspective, the chapter compares the ideal type of each model to the historical practice, identifying what multilateral-ism provides that contracting does not. The larger argument is that all three modes of law-making should and will co-exist. We should therefore be thinking about which mode of law-making is best for a particular issue or context, and how we might use the other modes to address problems that arise in each approach. The chapter then considers how contracting can supplant the WTO, and the trade-offs associated with such an outcome.


Objective
To evaluate the relationship between different Framinghan vascular risk factor and cognitive impairment in the middle-aged and elderly.

Methods
71 participants from Physical Examination Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were consecutively recruited from March 2016 to May 2016. Framingham Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile (FCVDRP), Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) and Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Profile (FCHDRP) were respectively used to evaluate the vascular burden of the participants. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and digital sign conversion test (DST) were used to evaluate the cognitive function of the participants. Partial correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between FCVDRP, FSRP and FCHDRP scoring methods and cognitive function.

Results
(1)After adjusting for education years, with the increase of vascular burden scores, the scores of MMSE (FCVDRP: low-risk group (28.29±1.38), mid-risk group(27.40±1.73), high-risk group (26.72±1.93); FSRP: low-risk group (28.00±1.60), mid-risk group (26.26±2.46), high-risk group (27.2±2.04); FCHDRP: low-risk group (27.74±1.73), mid-risk group (27.46±2.00), high-risk group (27.18±1.59)) and DST (FCVDRP: low-risk group (29.24±5.54), mid-risk group (27.40±1.73), high-risk group (26.72±6.76); FSRP: low-risk group (30.09±5.61), mid-risk group (25.11±7.55), high-risk group (23.53±5.60); FCHDRP: low-risk group (30.37±6.41), mid-risk group (25.46±6.76), high-risk group (26.82±5.99)) were significantly decreased(all P<0.05). (2)The results of partial correlations analysis showed that the scores of FSRP were significantly correlated with MMSE (r=-0.249) and DST (r=-0.291)(both P<0.05).

Conclusion
Aggregation of vascular risks factors may aggravate cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly people. Compared to FCVDRP and FCHDRP, FSRP assessment may be more significantly associated with vascular cognitive impairment.

Key words:
Vascular risk factors; Cognitive function; Framinghan vascular risk profile


1. assembly (1) comprising a stylus (20) to the impeller blades of the gas turbine engine and a shelf (22) on which can be mounted feather blade; prichemmnozhestvo said blade feather adapted to be attached to the said shelf or a plurality of said shelves are assembled together so as to form an impeller (14) having an axis (A) of the wheel and defining a direction upwardly and downstream along this axis, with feathers vanes arranged radially in the wheel, the wheel in said shelf (22) or shelves are assembled together surface (30) between the feathered vanes, called shelf surface and defining a radially inner surface gazoprohodnyh ka als formed between the feathered vanes at etomupomyanutaya shelf surface is a circumferential recess (40) extending substantially in the axial direction between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the blade, and the deepest segment (41) of said recess is situated axially in half, the upstream of the blade, said assembly characterized in that: skeletal curve (46, 47) is a curve representing the variation of skeletal angle (a) in the blade cutting plane substantially parallel to the n surface of the shelf, depending on the position along the axis of the wheel; linearized skeletal curve (45) is a curve representing the variation of skeletal angle depending on the position along the axis of the wheel, wherein the curve is a straight line connecting together a point representing the skeletal angle respectively 10 and 90% of the axial extension of the blade from the leading edge, in neposr


This research studies the phenomenon of students desistence from courses at graduate level at the Federal University of Ceara - UFC, from the teachers and coordinators perspectives. Having made a revision of the literature available on the matter and the investigations carried out by W. B. Andriola and his assistents, this text offers data from 52 teachers and 21 coordinators of courses at graduate level at the UFC. The results show that the majority of the coordinators and the teachers who were interviewed had a favorable opinion for the function of a teacher tutor. They were also of the opinion that the coordinators are responsible to offer relevant and pertinent information to all candidates for graduate courses at the UFC. Finally, they felt that it up to the administrator to improve the physical infra-structure with special attention to the classrooms and the laboratories.


Objective To explore the intraoperative fluoroscopy in percutaneous sacroiliac screw fixation based on anatomic measurement and digital reconstructed CT data. Methods The CT data of the pelvis at prostration were collected for 3D reconstruction of the pelvic models from 30 patients with injury to the pelvis or acetabulum.Then the anatomical boundaries of the "safe zone" of sacroiliac screw insertion were marked on the 3D models,including the upper,front and back cortex boundaries of S1 vertebra,the front and bottom cortex boundaries of sacral foramen area,and the sacral alar slope. The angles between these anatomical boundaries and the pelvic baseline were measured on the sagittal plane.The digital reconstructed radiology (DRR) was applied to form the inlet,outlet and lateral images of fluoroscopy.The standard protocol to acquire accurate intraoperative images was analyzed by characterization of important anatomic landmarks.Results The angles between the upper,front and back cortex boundaries of S1 vertebra and the baseline (αl,α2,α3) were respectively 37.7°± 8.6°(from 23.2°to 50.8°),22.9° ± 6.7° (from 13.1° to 32.0°),41.9°± 6.8° (from 33.0°to 54.8°).The angles between the front and bottom cortex boundaries of sacral foramen area and the baseline (α4,α5) were 37.0°± 12.0° (from 19.9° to 63.1°) and 38.8°± 8.0° (from 25.7°to 54.6°).The angle between the alar slope and the baseline (α6) was 82.4°± 13.0°(from 70.3°to117.3°).The characteristic manifestations of important anatomic landmarks were observed in the simulated fluoroscopy images. Conclusions It is recommended that the projecting angles in the inlet and outlet views should be decided according to the specific data of each patient.Because the alar slope can not be clearly identified in the outlet view due to its large inclination,the position of screw insertion should be verified in the lateral view to prevent the screw from penetrating the slope to hurt the L5 nerve and iliac vessels.

Key words:
Bone nails; Pelvis; Tomography, X-ray computed; Image processing, computer-assisted; Sacroiliac joint


A new experimental equipment allowing to study the sputtering induced by ion beam irradiation is presented. The sputtered particles are collected on a catcher which is analyzed in situ by Auger electron spectroscopy without breaking the ultra high vacuum (less than 10-9mbar), avoiding thus any problem linked to possible contamination. This method allows to measure the angular distribution of sputtering yield. Thanks to this new setup it is now possible to study the sputtering of many elements especially light elements such as carbon based materials. Preliminary results are presented in the case of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and tungsten irradiated by an Ar+ beam at respectively 2.8 keV and 7 keV.


The activities of the mental health service of a metropolitan general hospital in a well-to-do suburb and in a working-class district were analysed with respect to community reactions. Although some forms of resistance to change appeared to express traditional values, others were related to the realistic preconception of deleterious side effects implicit in the program. Careful appraisal of such disadvantages and of compensatory adaptive resources is required with each step of planning for new community facilities.


Weaning or introduction of semi-solid food is essential for nutritional requirements of infant at 6 months of age, continuing breast feeding till 24 months.


To measure the fuel consumption of gasoline engine using carbon balance method,one of the key links was to get the carbon content of the gasoline.But the existing methods to determine the carbon content of the gasoline were extremely complicated.The relationship between carbon content and density of gasoline was studied in this paper,and a mathematical model was derived.By measuring the density of gasoline,the carbon content could be quickly calculated using the model.Therefore,the developing condition was provided for using carbon balance method to measure the fuel consumption of the vehicles..


A solution of Einstein's field equations for the motion of a spherically symmetric distribution of perfect fluid is investigated in an isotropic comoving coordinate system. It is shown that this solution includes all solutions discussed by McVittie in which the density depends on both the radial and time coordinates. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the solution to be singularity‐free and for the density and pressure to be nonnegative and monotonically decreasing from the center of the material outwards to an outer boundary are found. The material is surrounded by empty space. Examples of both oscillating and ``bouncing'' solutions are produced. It is shown that the outer boundary of the material never penetrates the Schwarzschild radius in all singularity‐free solutions.


Anxiety has usually been a fundamental factor affecting the language learning as well as the language teaching process. Although there are numerous articles regarding foreign language learning anxiety, there is a scant body of literature about foreign language teaching anxiety (FLTA). The purpose of this research is to explore the main research areas concerning FLTA that are conducted in Turkey within the last decade, through the metasynthesis method. Accordingly, the results of 13 FLTA-related studies were presented in this study after excluding irrelevant articles. Using content analysis, the data were analyzed. Based on similarities and differences, several codes were evaluated and separated between the themes. The results of the 13 selected studies revealed 5 themes, namely, the sources of FLTA, the impact of gender on FLTA, the relationship between selfefficacy and FLTA, the connection between years of experience and FLTA, and the level of FLTA. Consequently, for prospective research, possible research areas were recommended. Received 06 March 2021 Accepted 09 April 2021


In order to improve emergency protection level of ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission line when facing large scale thunderstorm, back propagation neural network (BPNN) is adopted to establish a 72-hour thunderstorm prediction model. Firstly, standard deviation of the input meteorological parameters is standardized, and statistics of the output actual lightning activities are carried out according to unified grid division. On this basis, the three-layer back BPNN is used to complete the model training. Finally, the prediction results are evaluated by using the actual lightning activities across the prediction area and the lightning tripping events of UHV transmission lines. The results show that the 72-hour thunderstorm prediction method proposed in this paper is practical in lightning protection engineering application of power grid.


Toxicological studies were carried out to investigate the effect of consumption of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides root bark widely used in traditional medical practices and as protectant of stored cereal products in Nigeria, using albino rats. Serum, kidney and liver were tested for oxidation stress and tissue damage markers; aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), urea, bilirubin and creatinine contents, and Kidney and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione transferase (GST), non-protein sulphadryl (NP-SH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulphadryl (T-SH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These tests were carried out using commercially available kits. Results obtained for all doses (1, 5 and 10%) of the tested parameters did not significantly vary with control (p>0.05), indicating normal liver and kidney function (even in the face of variation in liver GPX and SOD. This study has proven that the plant is safe for human consumption at the rates or dosages tested.

 Key words: Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, albino rats, toxicology, biochemical parameters.


This presentation reviews few different applications of Concrete Canvas and Concrete Canvas Hydro material. Concrete Canvas is a flexible, concrete filled fabric which provides a thin durable concrete layer when hydrated or fully waterproof layer in it's Hydro variant. It's possible to apply concrete Canvas in many different ways, some of them are slope protection, weed suppression, canal lining, lagoon lining and erosion control. We are going to present our application of material at 3 different projects: securing waterproofness of area around gas tanks in luka Ploče, preventing fire outbreaks along railway in Slovenia and water drainage at hardly accessible locations in Serbia. Each project had it's problems where we found Concrete Canvas suitable replacement for conventional concrete solutions. In that way we delivered Investor faster and high quality solution which in the end resulted in lower expanses. We will show comparison between Concrete Canvas and standard methods that are usually used.


The techniques of data envelopment analysis (DEA) were largely studied. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology for measuring the relative efficiencies of a set of decision making units (DMUs) that use multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. Conventional DEA models assume that input and output values should be certain (crisp data). However, the observed values of the input and output data in real-world situations are sometimes inexact, incomplete, vague, ambiguous or imprecise. Some researchers have proposed various methods for dealing with the imprecise and ambiguous data in DEA in the context of fuzzy (interval) data. In this paper, a statistical method based on arithmetic operations to solve fuzzy (interval) data envelopment analysis models (FDEA) can be improved. The suggested approach transforms the original data (crisp data) into interval data; in the form of upper and lower frontier data. Then, by using these upper and lower frontier data; the interval DEA efficiency scores can be achieved. This approach is applied on the reallife data and the results of application are efficient. Received: 3-6-2016 Revised: 18-6-2016 Published: 6-7-2016


In 1974, Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives adopted major reforms in their committee assignment process. Drawing upon interviews with participants and personal observation, we identify the major differences and similarities in the new and old assignment mechanisms and in their environments. The formal and informal procedural changes, in turn, lead to a set of expectations about the role and significance of the characteristics of requesters and Committee on Committees (CC) members in postreform assignment decisions. These expectations are tested using previously unavailable CC ballot tallies for assignments in the 95th-97th Congresses. These data permit us to peer into the "black box" of the assignment process and to avoid questionable assumptions about who is nominated and the mechanism by which they are elected. Despite the presence of significant changes in the process, few differences in the factors shaping assignment decisions are found. Still, the openness of the new environment and the n...


Adopting literature study and comparative research,this paper analyzes the reasons,objective,achievements and problems of the issuing of the Chinese Olympic Gold Medal Winning Program.The historical achievements of this program are mainly manifested in the performances of the players at the Olympic Games,the improvement of the Chinese athletic sports events,the investment of more social benefits into the athletic sports development,and the better recognition of the Chinese people of the national spirit.Problems in executing this program show that the Olympic strategy has become Olympic gold meal strategy,so that athletic sports are just for winning gold medals.Consequently,the athletic sports are in lack of reasonable mechanism.Therefore,it is necessary to insist on the socialized development of sports and let the sports clubs work for the national teams.


The term hibernating myocardium describes a part icular outcome of myocardial ischemia in which myocytes show a chronical ly depressed contract i le ability but remain viable. Revascularizat ion of h ibernat ing tissue causes a recovery of mechanical funct ion tha t correlates with long-term survival. Therefore it is impor tant clinically to dist inguish h ibernat ing from infarcted myocardium, since asynergies due to h ibernat ion will improve on reperfusion, whilst those due to infarct will not. One suggested technique to identify h ibernat ing myocardium is to s t imulate the myocytes acutely, but briefly, by adminis t ra t ion of inotropic agents while moni tor ing contract i le funct ion by eehoeardiography. We report our experience on the use of low dosages of dobutamine. Myocardial viability was validated by measuring the recovery in contrac t ion of the akinetic areas after coronary ar tery bypass surgery by means of intraoperative epicardial eehocardiography. The test has a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 78%. It is useful for identification of viable myoeardium and also for quantif icat ion of intraoperat ive risk in individual patients. Limita t ions of this test are related to the presence of downregulat ion of beta receptors and to the impossibility of different ia t ing h ibernat ing from stunned myocardium. Another useful technique of identifying hiberna t ing myocardium is the use of radionuclear markers for viability. In our experience the two most important tests are (1) rest-redistr ibut ion imaging of thal l ium 201 (which has a high sensitivity of 93% but a low specificity of 44%) and (2) 99mTc-Sestamibi imaging, which provides information on both perfusion and funct ion with a single injection. This lat ter technique allows different ia t ion between s tunning and hiberna t ing on the basis of coronary flow, which is preserved in s tunning and reduced in hibernat ion. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1992;6:287-293


The principle of the budgetary discipline, compulsory for the Spanish regions by the Law 18/2001, December 12th [General Law of Budgetary Stability] and the Organic Law 5/2001, December 13th, complementary to the former one, established in the frame of the European Agreement for Stability and Growth, can generate conflicting situations with those Spanish regions which investment capacity depends on external borrowing. This paper deals with the corresponding relative position of the different regions, according to its investment capacity, using for that purpose a simulation exercise, in which we advance the budgetary stability constraint for the period 1997-2000. In this paper, the public financial activity is treated, for each region, through different public revenue and expenditure ratios per capita. This situation leads to consider a multicriteria Promethee method as the apropriate one to obtain a global ranking for all of them. In the opinion of Al-Shemmeri, Al-Kloub and Rearman (1997), this method is the most adequate one because of the following advantages: public authorities, as decision takers, can understand easily the results, regardless the knowledge they may have about it; the method uses understandable economic parameters; the method avoids distorting scale effects among different alternatives and, as well, makes possible the deviation evaluation between alternatives and, finally, allows for sensibility analysis.


Artistic conception is an important characteristic in literature text,especially in poetry writing as well as a commonness of human spirit.Translators are obliged to put emphasis on it in translation so as to reappear the original artistic conception.


- Now a day's information of an organization floating over the internet that increases the traffic on the network, heavily uses of the internet give rise in traffic on the network as well as made the network data vulnerable. All this happened because of easy to access the data on the internet. So we needed a security mechanism to protect the sensitive data over the network. For protecting that information Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is placed in the system. IDS is a software or hardware device that deals with attacks by collecting information from a variety of system and network sources, then analyzing the symptoms of security problems. Network Intrusion Detection (NID) is an Intrusion Detection mechanism that attempts to discover unauthorized access to a computer network by analyzing traffic on the network. Host based Intrusion Detection (HID) analyses the user activities and decides that the user is authorized or not. There are lots of ways to implement an IDS system, and it depends on the usage of the systems or the requirements of an organization. This paper describes some or all of the main techniques to implement IDS. This paper aims towards the proper survey of intrusion detection system, the attacks and techniques to implement IDS, so that researchers can make use of it and can find the new techniques or ways to efficient implementation of IDS.


Background Seven wards from three Norwegian mental health care institutions participated in a study in which regular ethics reflection groups focusing on coercion had been implemented and evaluated (2011–2015). This article presents (1) a thematic overview of the ethical challenges identified based on a systematic qualitative analyses of 161 ethics reflection groups and (2) some general observations on these ethical challenges. Results The ethical challenges are divided into four main thematic categories: (1) formal coercion, (2) informal coercion, (3) uncertainty related to the Norwegian legislation on coercion and (4) professional role and identity. Some ethical challenges did not fit into these categories. Only 36% of the ethical challenges were related to the use of formal coercion or the interpretation of the health law. Conclusion Even within coercion regulated by law, weighing different moral values remains important to reflect upon the appropriateness of the possible use of coercion.


Poly(lactic acid) electrospinning tests were carried out under various process conditions. Openwork structures with a high surface area to weight ratio have been obtained. Changing the parameters of the PLA electrospinning process resulted in products with different fiber morphology.


The use of digital images and video is growing on the Internet and on consumer devices. Digital images and video are easy to manipulate, but this ease of manipulation makes tampering with digital content possible. Examples of the misuse of digital content include violating copyrights of the content and tampering with important material such as contents of video surveillance. In this paper we present an algorithm that extracts a binary signature from an image. This approach can be used to search for possible copyright violations by finding images with signatures close to that of a given image. The experimental results show that the algorithm can be very effective in helping users to retrieve sets of almost identical images from large collections of images. The signature can also be used for tamper detection. We will show that the signatures we extract are immune to quantization errors that result from compression and decompression.


This book was published previously in West Germany in 1982, and much of this material and many illustrations are taken from previous publications of the author: eg, Reeh, Beyer, and Shannon: "Practical Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery," Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1976; Aston et al, "The Third International Symposium of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Eye and Adnexa," Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1982; Ophthalmology (1981; 88:869); and Ophthalmic Surgery (1980;11:169). It presents another simplified (how I do it) presentation of lid surgery as performed at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston. There are several errata noted by the publisher. No results are given. Unless a neophyte or general ophthalmic surgeon wants to know how they do it in Boston, this book would be of little use. Should an ophthalmologist perform an occasional plastic surgical procedure on the lids?


ABSTRACT In 1990, van Eijndhoven and Meyers provide a special orthonormal basis for the Bargmann Hilbert space consisting of holomorphic Hermite functions. Then it was be natural to look for its orthogonal complement in the underlying -Hilbert space. In this paper, we describe the orthogonal complement of this Hilbert space. More precisely, a polyanalytic orthonormal basis is given and the explicit expressions of the corresponding reproducing kernel functions and Segal–Bargmann integral transforms are provided. The obtained basis are then used to provide a non-trivial - and -fractional like-Fourier transforms.


Neutropenic enterocolitis typically develops in patients with hematologic malignancies, solid tumor after high-dose chemotherapy, or it can arise from other causes with neutropenia. Although this life threatening gastrointestinal condition is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate, timely though controversial surgical intervention may provide tangible benefits. Here we report the case of a 42-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who experienced neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy. He survived surgical intervention and thereafter received further chemotherapy. We concluded that surgery should be considered for those patients with persistent intractable intestinal bleeding, bowel perforation, significant clinical deterioration, and also for those recovering from neutropenia. Upfront surgery would improve outcomes because it can help to avoid delay of treatment for underlying disease.


Annual progress report submitted on 5 February 2018 by the chair of the Governance Committee recording the progress of current committee activities and reporting on their state of completion.


Farquhar Murray (1929) outlined the concept of an obstetric flying squad when, speaking to the Edinburgh Obstetric Society he suggested that there were"....... many conditions in which, instead of rushing a shocked and collapsed patient to hospital for nursing and specialised aid, the specialist and nurse should be rushed to the patient". Consequently the Bellshill Emergency Service commenced officially in 1931 and records of the service are available from 1933. The period 1933-61 was reviewed by Liang (1963) and he concluded that "the main function of such a service is resuscitation and transfusion of the shocked and bleeding patient".


Several novel double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) composed of different internal and external nanotubes with different diameters are presented and studied by molecular dynamics simulation (MD). Initial equilibrium configurations and characteristics during free relaxation are examined. Buckling of these DWCNTs under axial compression are simulated to examine the influence of van der Waals force on mechanical properties of DWCNTs. The interaction of atoms in each wall and the van der Waals force between inner and outer walls are described by Tersoff-Brenner potential and Lennard-Jones potential respectively. Results show that new stable DWCNTs exist whose interlayer distances are not necessarily 0.34 nm. And these new DWCNTs show different mechanical behaviors as compared with the normal DWCNT.


Nonthermal plasma reactors have recently been used for the treatment of gaseous pollutants. High energy electrons (several eV) are produced in the plasma while the gas remains near ambient temperatures. Pollutant molecules are decomposed by highly reactive chemical radicals created through electron collisions. The focus of this work is the treatment of pollutants from the exhaust of electric arc incinerators. A pulsed corona reactor capable of operation at exhaust temperatures of hundreds of degrees C has been constructed. This design can be used as a conventional pulsed corona reactor (wire-metal tube geometry) and has the potential for use as a hybrid reactor which incorporates a wire-tube geometry with a ceramic dielectric barrier on the inside surface of the metal tube. Pulse widths of a few 10's of ns and risetimes of less than 10 ns have been obtained. Specifically, the reactor performance as a function of temperature is investigated. The preliminary results of the destruction of gaseous pollutants from this prototype are presented along with electrical and chemical efficiencies of the device.


Ever since British soldiers returning from India in the mid-nineteenth century introduced their homeland to a fast-paced ball game on horseback, polo has remained the quintessential British sport. Although its origins lie in Asia, British pioneers are credited with both modernizing the game and spurring its spread worldwide. This volume chronicles the history of polo in the British Isles from its beginnings in the 1860s through the summer of 2011.


Introduction: The dynamic development of the automotive industry, transport, and the media means that human life has become much easier. At the same time, the comfortable living conditions have decreased physical activity. Biologically conditioned, the need of activity has been minimised by the ever-increasing pace of life. As a result, it may lead to the loss of physical and mental health. Active recreation is not only an excellent source of activity, but also a source of satisfaction. Youths and adults should therefore spend their free time primarily on various forms of physical activity. Aim of the research: To evaluate the physical fitness of students who regularly practice physical exercise, those who occasionally practice, and those not practicing any form of physical activity. Material and methods: In the research we used a questionnaire of the Ruffier test and an orthostatic test. The study involved a group of 15 people aged 20–25 years. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary and anonymous. The study group consisted only of women. Results obtained from the questionnaire survey were fully reflected during exercise tests performed. Results and conclusions: Only regularly practiced physical activity has an effect on our body. Regular exercise increases our body's physical capacity. Activity is the best means of prevention of lifestyle diseases. Youths and adults should spend their free time mainly doing various forms of physical activity.


CBSD process consists of four major processes that are component qualification, component adaptation, component composition and component updation. In order to realize the benefits of CBSD, it is imperative that the right software component should be selected for a project, because selecting inappropriate component may results in low quality, increased time and cost of software development (Baker et al 2006).


The new material processing characteristic of aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramic is compared with microsecond, nanosecond and femtosecond laser ablation. The conventional laser material processing technology with longer pulsewidth laser such as TEA CO2 laser, Q-switched YAG laser, and excimer lasers leads to the thermal shock or lateral damage on target material, and those thermal effect causes the surface modification of AlN ceramic target. The comparative study of the laser ablation with microsecond TEA CO2 laser pulse, nanosecond KrF excimer laser pulse, and femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulse is performed in time domain. Using intense ultrashort titanium sapphire laser two-photon laser ablation of TiO2 photo-catalyst was also investigated experimentally and theoretically aiming at the enhancement of photo-catalyst reaction. The black-surfacing of the TiO2 photo- catalyst crystal was successfully achieved by drilling a large number of conical micro-holes with two-photon laser ablation. The ablated surface has a roughness of sub micrometer order, and no heat-affected zone was observed. The simple equation is developed to explain two-photon ablation process of the TiO2 photo- catalyst and the dependence of the ablation characteristic on the pulsewidth.


The heating of oil and oil products is widely used to reduce energy losses during transportation. An approach is developed to determine the effective length of the heat exchanger and the temperature of the cold coolant (oil) at its outlet in the case of a strong dependence of oil viscosity on temperature. Oil from the Uzen field (Kazakhstan) is considered as a heated coolant, and water is considered as a heating component. The method of the log–mean temperature difference, modified for the case of variable viscosity, and the methods of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are used for calculations. The results of the numerical calculations are compared with the data obtained on the basis of a theoretical approach at a constant viscosity. When using a theoretical approach with a constant or variable viscosity, the heat transfer coefficients to cold and hot coolants are found using criterion dependencies. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and a turbulence model that takes into account the laminar–turbulent transition are applied. In the case of variable oil viscosity, a transition from the laminar flow regime to the turbulent one is manifested, which has a significant effect on the effective length of the heat exchanger. The obtained results of the CFD calculations are of interest for the design of heat exchangers of a new type, for example, helicoid ones.


Secure attachment is associated with many traditional moral virtues, and compromised or absent attachment with various moral vices. What explains the interactions of attachment and moral development? This chapter explores the suggestion that early attachment underpins the human capacity for empathy, and that empathy, in turn, is a condition of moral competence. I begin with a fictional allegory for attachment, or rather for certain consequences of its absence: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein.1 Shelley's novel relates the creation, abandonment, development, dissolution, and tragic death of a being who, by almost any philosophical standard, is a person. Dr Frankenstein's unnamed, monstrous invention—I shall call him 'Creature'—is far from the mindless predator of popular imagination: he is a thinking, feeling, selfconscious being endowed with both reason and affection. Despite these qualities, Creature's repugnant appearance and fearful physical power provoke his creator to flee in horror, abandoning his 'newborn'—then still developmentally, if not physically, an infant. Creature flees into the surrounding woodlands, spending his early years foraging and fending for physical survival. Later, he finds a kind of home, a hovel that adjoins the cottage of a closeknit, harmonious family. A crack in the wall allows Creature secretly to observe and learn the language, the literature, the


The CPPM group has long been designing and testing HV-CMOS blocks to complete monolithic chips in various technologies (TJ180, LF150, AMS) in the framework of several collaborations. In 2020, we participated in the MLR1 run in TowerJazz 65 nm technology through CERN's EP-R&D WP1.2, by designing a ring oscillator test chip. Its aim is to characterize the standard cells of this technology and evaluate their radiation hardness against TID. There were 48 ring oscillators formed of different cells with different sizes and two thresholds. In 2022, characterization, temperature, X-ray irradiation (up to more than 500 Mrad) tests and annealing took place, leading to encouraging results presented here.


The dynamics of dehydration of the protonated (R)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol (pinacolyl alcohol), [(CH3)3C-CH(OH2)CH3]+, and of ethene + 1,3-butadiene cycloaddition were studied with the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) technique for direct dynamics using the AM1 method. More than 10,000 trajectories were generated, most of them related to the unexplored simulated annealing/fragmentation approach. The AM1 potential energy surface (PES) for the protonated pinacolyl alcohol presents two transition states related to the [(CH3)3C-CHCH3]+hhhOH2 intermediate complex and to CH3 migration leading to the [(CH3)2C-CH(CH)3]2+hhhOH2 product complex. Direct dynamics yielded negligible trajectories involving these complexes, since the momentum acquired by the H2O fragment led to a complete dissociation. Thus, rearrangement of the secondary carbocation [(CH3)3C-CHCH3]+ was practically inexistent during the dynamics. Despite the concerted path (H2O dissociation and CH3 migration) not being an IRC (intrinsic reaction coordinate) path in AM1-PES, a statistically significant number of trajectories involved this path. As for the Diels-Alder reaction, even when started from a symmetric transition state using the spin restricted AM1 wavefunction, the dynamics yielded a significant number of trajectories that followed asymmetric, i.e.non-IRC, paths toward cyclohexene, independent of the initialization approach. It is noteworthy that all these asymmetric path trajectories led to a concerted reaction mechanism.


This paper introduces a systematic development of design flows for embedded systems. The idea of an executable design flow provides a basis for the design automation starting at system level. The aim is to develop, manage and optimize design flows more efficiently. A seamless integration of design space exploration into a design flow is presented coping with the conflicting design goals of embedded systems at electronic system level. It is further shown that an abstract design flow model simplifies a derivation of domain-specific design flows. A novel programming language is introduced allowing for the development of design flows in a visual and textual manner. A case study of the heterogeneous multicluster architecture demonstrates a usage of the design approach and automation. A systematic dimensioning of the multicluster architecture, in terms of the necessary computation resources, is presented in detail. The case study addresses various design problems of future embedded systems at electronic system level. Finally, this paper presents design flow development and design space exploration for embedded systems being systematically, fully integrated, and automated in order to improve a system level design. Keywords-electronic design automation, electronic system level, design flow, design space exploration


This paper presents case studies of three elementary teacher candidates in a one-year master's certification program, focusing on their participation in science and mathematics methods courses. Through one primary case and two contrasting cases, we examine the interplay among a teacher candidate's orientation to each discipline (math and science), orientation towards discipline-specific teaching, and emerging practices of attending to student thinking in disciplinary domains. This study is of interest because it reveals significant differences between learning to teach science and math, suggesting that practices of attending have disciplinary grounding and therefore do not necessarily transfer across disciplinary contexts. We argue that better understanding these dynamics becomes important for teacher education, particularly for elementary teachers, who are responsible for teaching across disciplines.


Magnetic nanoparticles have been made by low-energy dual ion implantation of iron and nickel into SiO2 with a nickel fluence ratio of 82% followed by electron beam annealing for 1800 s at 1000°C. After annealing, there is significant diffusion of iron and nickel into the silicon dioxide layer. Annealing also led to the formation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles with a narrow particle size distribution. The saturation moment at 5 K was 0.7 µB and a similar value was observed at 300 K, which indicates that the Curie temperature is far above room temperature. This moment is lower than that expected for Ni0.82Fe0.18. While the results clearly show the formation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, it is not possible to determine whether nickel-iron, iron or nickel has formed.


This study investigated the facilitative role of orientational metaphors in understanding phrasal verbs as compared with a context-based inferential approach. Data were collected for recall and comprehension tasks from two groups of students after a 3 week period of instruction. The overall results, and relationships of near Significance suggest that exposure to conceptual metaphor can facilitate the recall and comprehension of phrasal verbs.


The leaves of Pyrola media contain monotropein, 4-methoxyphenol and its methyl ether, toluquinol, and a glucoside of 5,8-dihydro-2,7-dimethylnaphthalene-1,4-diol, probably renifolin; also present are the quinones chimaphilin, 2-methyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,4-benzoquinone, 5-geranyl-2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, and an unidentified quinone possibly related to renifolin. The coexistence of these compounds suggests that chimaphilin is derived in vivo from 2-methyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,4-benzoquinone, and in vitro the latter can be cyclised to the former in the presence of boron trifluoride.


ABSTRACT:This paper assesses the possibility and desirability of confession through videoconference technology. It reviews magisterial teaching related to this question. It then presents arguments in favor of the proposal based upon the notion of "moral presence" and nature of personal action. After this, it discusses arguments against from the perspective of the ecclesial nature of sacramental penance and the sacramentality of the body as well as examining studies that evaluate the efficacy of telemedicine and counselling. Finally, it will suggest proposals that could govern the administration of "confession" through video.


We explore photonic crystals based on a triangular lattice of rods. Non-circular rods break the inversion symmetry of the lattice and removes degenerate modes at the K-point (Dirac point) that are protected by symmetry from the band structure. A sizable complete photonic band gap of 7.5% relative gap width ▵w/w can be created by maximal symmetry breaking. We achieve this maximal symmetry breaking by rotating equilateral triangles over 30° relative to the lattice directions. The gap width depends on the rotation angle and a near perfect sinusoidal dependence is found, hinting at a simple mechanism for gap formalism. The gap can be further maximized by tuning the size of the triangles and we report a photonic bandgap map for a structure with inversion symmetry and with maximally broken inversion symmetry. Once a gap is formed interesting edge modes can be created by joining two crystals rotated by 180°. This restores inversion symmetry at the edge and creates line defect modes that are different for the different edges. These defect modes offer interesting possibilities for future nanophotonic devices where the on-chip functionality and localization of light is protected by the symmetry of the edges.


A stabilization criterion for T-S fuzzy systems with time-delay was proposed,fuzzy observer was designed based on parallel distributed compensation(PDC) under unmeasured states of the system.The stability of the fuzzy systems was proved by using Lyapunov function theory combining with linear matrix inequaltions(LMIs).Simulation results expatiated the effectiveness of the proposed approach and its conditions.


The chapter focuses on three remaining pillars that appeared to be derived from reasoning about who Jesus must have been and his origins. They represent an explanation of his actions and their own experiences that was vigorously contested in the first few hundred years of the Church and then later during the 17th and 18th centuries. It is argued here they are unnecessary and/or incoherent. They are the Dual Natures and Incarnation Pillars, The Trinitarian Pillar, and the Virgin Birth Pillar.


AbstractFollowing the interdecadal shift of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) properties that occurred in 1976/77, another regime shift happened in 1999/2000 that featured a decrease of variabili...


Objective:To study effective management method for ensuring the use safety of hemodialysis devices.Methods:The professional and safe management of room for hemodialysis devices was discussed.Results:The rate of maintenance of the devices was reduced and their life span prolonged.Conclusion:The hemodialysis devices can be professionally managed to prolong its life span and promote quality of medical service.


In this paper, we introduce a new hybrid projection algorithm based on the shrinking projection methods for two hemi-relatively nonexpan- sive mappings. Using the new algorithm, we prove some strong convergence theorems for finding a common element in the fixed points set of two hemi- relatively nonexpansive mappings, the solutions set of a variational inequality and the solutions set of an equilibrium problem in a uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Furthermore, we apply our results to finding zeros of maximal monotone operators. Our results extend and improve the recent ones announced by Li (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 295 (2004) 115-126), Fan (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 337 (2008) 1041-1047), Liu (J. Glob. Optim. 46 (2010) 319-329), Kamraksa and Wangkeeree (J. Appl. Math. Comput. DOI: 10.1007/s12190-010-0427-2) and many others.


Abstract The authors present the results of repeated analyses of data from radio echo‐sounding surveys of Svalbard glaciers conducted in 1978–79 and using a frequency of 620 MHz. Data from surveys flown in 1974–75 and 1977–80 over Svalbard glaciers are also discussed. It has been established that glaciers with areas of up to 152km are characterized by maximum ice thicknesses of 200 m and relatively complex subglacial topography. Reticulated glaciers have much greater ice thicknesses; on ice plateaux they reach 585 m (Holtedahlfonna), and on twinned, outlet and valley glaciers 430–540 m or more (e.g., Recherchebreen‐Vestre Torellbreen, Mittag‐Lefflerbreen and Veteranen). Major rises in the subglacial bedrock have been detected in the ice‐divide areas of some twinned glacier systems. Glaciers occupying valleys are characterized by maximum ice thicknesses of 350–400 m (in the accumulation zone) and comparatively flat, even subglacial relief, extending for distances of 5–30 km. These glacier beds lie near or ...


The article describes a role of qualitative elastography in ultrasound diagnosis small benign Doppler nonvascular lesions in patients with hypothyroidism. In 2010–2013 the study included 319 women aged 20 to 85 years who underwent breast ultrasound (US) with qualitative elastography and mammography. Breast US with qualitative elastography usage is advisable combination for small dopplerographic avascular mass larger than 5 mm, both in patients with and without hypothyroidism. Breast US with qualitative elastography is more effective in patients without hypothyroidism than in patients with hypothyroidism.


late L" adds no real explanatory content to these marvellously informative deductions', e.g. to the deduction from thermodynamics of the nonexistence of perpetual motion machines. Saying what makes law statements true, and how they support the conditionals that rule out hypothetical as well as actual perpetual motion machines, does of course present problems. But we may reject Ayer's extreme Humeanism, which denies all such conditionals truth values, and still agree with him that 'the use of an undefined concept of natural necessity is of no help in solving them' (p. 461). I have picked out only a few of the many aspects of Ayer's philosophy covered in this volume. Other contributors tackle his views on pragmatism, causation, social science, free will and determinism, meaning-rules, logic and mathematics. Yet others deal historically with how his thought develops, and is related to that of Hume, Russell, Wittgenstein and the various members of the Vienna Circle. One discusses its implications for aesthetics, on which Ayer himself wrote little. Not all the articles are equally good, of course, but most are worth having for themselves, and nearly all for Ayer's replies. And usually the harder Ayer is challenged the better his response. It is therefore especially sad that Barry Stroud's 'Ayer's Hume' and David Wiggins' 'Ayer on morality and feeling: from subjectivism to emotivism and back?' came too late for Ayer to reply to them. But that still leaves us many large mercies to be thankful for. With so many well-argued and well-related contributions to our subject, this book is not only a worthy memorial to a great philosopher but excellent value for all his successors.


The joint governance of transboundary river pollution is an important means to resolve disputes between upstream and downstream, to achieve regional coordinated development and water environment governance. In this paper, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen are used to measure water quality. Regarding the joint governance of transboundary water pollution as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper employs a difference-in-differences model of causal judgment to assess the effect of the policy on transboundary water quality based on the water quality monitoring week data from 2004 to 2016 in China. The results show that compared with non-trans-provincial rivers, the joint governance of water pollution at the provincial boundary could significantly promote the rise of dissolved oxygen, while reducing the chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions. Additionally, the long-term dynamics based on the dynamic trend suggests that the implementation of this policy has fluctuations in the improvement of dissolved oxygen, but has a strong continuous effect on the reduction of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen. These results stand up to robustness tests. Moreover, the green promotion pressure of officials and stakeholder supervision are important influence mechanisms of transboundary joint pollution control on improving transboundary water quality. An important implication is to provide a long-term way for collaborative water pollution control and solving transboundary water pollution disputes.


Objective:To construct the full-length nonstructal-1(NS1) gene of influenza A(H3N2) into a eukaryotic expression vector and express NS1 gene in mammalian cells,as well as to investigate the effects of NS1 on proliferation of 293T cells.Methods:The NS1 gene of influenza A(H3N2) was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD18-T simple vector to construct a plasmid,named pMD18-T/NS1.the pMD18-T/NS1 and the pXJ40-HA were double-digested,to yield the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pXJ40-HA-NS1.The expression of the NS1 gene in transfected 293T cells was identified by Western blot.The effects of NS1 gene on cell proliferation were measured with 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide(MTT) method.Results: The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pXJ40-HA-NS1 was successfully constructed.The expression of NS1 protein was detected by Western blot.NS1 over-expression inhibited the proliferation of 293T cells.Conclusion: The full-length NS1 gene has been obtained and its recombinant eukaryotic expression vector has been successfully constructed.And we found that the proliferation was dramatically inhibited in 293T cells over-expressed with NS1 protein.The construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid of NS1 gene made it possible to set up the cell model expressing NS1 protein and further study the effects of NS1 protein on cell proliferation and apoptosis.


Abstract Ice wedge casts, the biggest 1.5 m deep, were found in stratified sand and gravel in sections in the Salpausselka I end-moraine in eastern Finland. Their distribution suggests that they were formed in the end of the Late Weichselian Younger Dryas period and possibly in early Flandrian time, which agrees with the dating of the youngest ice wedge casts in southern Sweden and Scotland formed in the Younger Dryas period.


Lebanon is considered a semi-rentier state, whose economy is highly dependent on rents, and in particular financial aid from international donors. In light of the significant financial contribution provided by the European Union (EU), this research questions whether European Foreign Policy and aid allocation purely prioritizes self-strategic interests, based on realist assumptions, or whether it has a larger stake in genuine stability and democracy promotion of the country. In order to answer the research questions, the EU approach shall be investigated via the analytical lens of specific IR theories, alongside a comparative analysis of the approach of foreign actors. In particular, the EU during several international conferences representing landmark moments in EU-Lebanon relations, and the international approach vis-à-vis the current economic crisis, are key events to be analyzed in this paper. The combined analysis of these elements, alongside an assessment of the role of the refugee crisis and the new political trends emerging in Western countries, will lead to the conclusion that stability for Lebanon is of strategic interest insofar as it guarantees the allocation of foreign aid from Western Powers. Hence, it can be argued that the main driver behind the European foreign policy towards Lebanon follows the dictates of a stability-security nexus.


Twenty silent 1-minute video segments of psychiatric patients ranging in anxiety levels were shown to 46 raters. Raters were able to identify the presence of anxiety and discriminate varying intensities of anxiety on the basis of nonverbal -cues alone. Nonverbal cues identified as most salient in communicating anxiety were the hands, eyes, mouth, and torso. Additional microanalysis examined how these body areas cued anxiety. Discussion of nonverbal cues for anxiety is couched in terms of Ekman and Friesen's theorizing regarding non-verbal masking and leakage.


in the southwestern area and become one of the great historians of the agriculture of that region, it is only natural that DethlofF should view the rice industry from the modern viewpoint and treat the old rice kingdom simply as its historic forerunner—he devotes only three of his eleven chapters to this period. On the other hand, I grew up on the South Atlantic coast on the legend of the great antebellum rice plantations (these I began to visit in childhood), which accounts for my seeing the rice industry in terms of the old rice kingdom (with heavy emphasis on the world—social, intellectual, religious, and political interests—of the rice planters and the institution of slavery), with the modern industry being just an extension of that. This difference aside, I regard A History of the American Rice Industry as a very significant contribution to the study of American agriculture.


The incident HIV infections that rarely occur in individuals on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention may be associated with atypical or delayed seroconversion and have highlighted key problems with the widely used fourth generation HIV screening tests that assess for HIV p24 antigen and HIV-1/-2 antibodies. Recently updated CDC guidelines for management of people on PrEP now recommend the addition of HIV-1 RNA testing to antigen/antibody screening every 3 months for individuals on oral and injectable PrEP. We believe that in the context of available evidence and limited laboratory capacity, this should be done routinely only for individuals on injectable cabotegravir, and that antigen/antibody testing (without routine RNA testing) remain the test of choice for individuals on tenofovir-based PrEP formulations. Development of alternative HIV screening strategies that combine antibody and clinic-based rapid viral load testing would make it feasible to role this out to all individuals on PrEP.


This article is devoted to Westforschung scientific branch, which had studied neighbor's countries with Germany. The questions of genesis and development of this branch are studies in the article. West research in Germany was a result of revisionist's policy of Weimar's republic. Revisionists works, and first of all among them medieval history works of Franc Petri, had high estimation in Nazi Germany and Hitler interested it personally.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of blepharospansm and facial spasm with botulinum toxin A.Methods 40 patients with blepharospasm and 18 patients with facial spasm were treated with 5~8 injections of 0.1ml(0.1ng) botulinum toxin A locally.Results The spasmodic symptoms were relieved.The effective period was 4~16 weeks(mean time 9.5 weeks) in facial spasm and 9~24 weeks(mean time 14 weeks) in blepharospasm.Only local side effects appeared in some patients,but it was mild and reversible.Injection may be repeated if it was necessary.Conclusion The treatment method for blepharospasm and facial spasm by injections of botulinum toxinA is safe and effective.