The term product realization has been used by engineers for the more than a decade to describe the outcome of production processes. While the use of the term, with this meaning, has been widely spread among engineers and researchers there has not been an in depth study for the relationship between realization and design. Considering that the term product realization means bringing a product to reality, which is the core of the full engineering process starting with design and development, there is a need to study how design education will be shaped if it was conducted as an integrated part of the product realization process. In this paper the realization process with its relation to design and design education is examined. The paper discusses the different domains of realization and their interactions. It also addresses the relationship between design, problem solving and research in the context of realization. The insights gained, from understanding design as a realization process, can guide engineering education in fostering creativity and identifying the required elements such as modeling and simulation. To illustrate the concepts, presented in the paper, several examples are included.


Complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy caused by chronic hyperglycaemia are the greatest problem for patients with diabetes. Although normalisation of hyperglycaemia can prevent these complications, current treatment cannot completely normalise the blood glucose level in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, better hypoglycaemic agents are desired. Since hyperglycaemia in Type 2 diabetes is induced by insulin resistance, insufficient insulin secretion and increased hepatic glucose production, it is reasonable that investigations into new glucose-lowering agents have been largely dominated by studies on insulin sensitisers, insulin secretagogues and inhibitors of hepatic glucose production. This review summarises the recent patents on drugs of the above three categories.


Abstract In comparison to work centers, supported employment is the more favorable method to advance people with disabilities into the workforce. One of the central goals of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act is to increase supported employment and community job opportunities for people with disabilities by phasing out 14 (c) certificates. Work centers use such certificates to pay people subminimum wages; without a 14 (c) certificate, work centers will close. Though supported employment creates equitable opportunities for job seekers with disabilities, such opportunities are undesirable for some. To emphasize this, the author interprets quantitative data pertaining to job seekers/workers in Walla Walla County, Washington. Walla Walla County, located in rural southeastern Washington, is home to approximately 60,760 residents. While the majority of those within this study's sample hold community jobs, they, on average, are employed for less than half of the hours they prefer to work. To understand how these limited weekly hour schedules are created, an employment consultant's role is considered in great detail. While workforce inclusion is an unquestionably necessary goal for people with disabilities, their vocational preferences should not be secondary to the possible benefits of community employment.


The causticization behaviour of Na2CO3 with rock-salt type oxide, Mg2(1-x/(2+x) O (M = Al3+ and Fe3+, x = 0.2 and 0.33), produced by the thermal decomposition of hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxide was investigated at 30–60°C. The degree of causticization increased with increasing the molar ratio of [rock-salt type oxide]/[Na2CO3] and increasing the temperature but decreased with increasing the initial concentration of Na2CO3. The causticization behaviour could be adequately described by the equation of anion exchange equilibria between CO32- and OH− for layered double hydroxide.


Our purposes were to verify in human pathology, the morbid anatomical changes described in animals poisoned with benzol, and to observe the effects of benzol medication on patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The first studies were on a patient occupationally exposed to the fumes from a vat of benzol from January 6, 1925, to March 20, 1925. The symptoms, findings and course including a terminal sepsis were typical of chronic benzol poisoning. Entrance to the hospital was on May 27, 1925, and death on June 7, 1925. Blood: R.B.C. 860,000; W.B.C. 1400; Hb. 20 per cent. Differential. Polymorphonuclear neutrophiles 13 per cent; lymphocytes 48 per cent; endothelial leucocytes 39 per cent. No norma-blasts were seen. Blood platelets 70,000. Coagulation time 9 minutes. Bleeding time 13 minutes. Necropsy showed hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes and meninges. The lungs had the gross appearance of broncho-pneumonia. Microscopically the alveoli were plugged with fibrin which contained many organisms bat no inflammatory cells. Numerous areas of focal necrosis were present in the liver. Organisms were plentiful in these areas but no inflammatory cells could be found. The bone marrow contained very few cells of any type and there was no evidence of active formation of either red or white corpuscles. No megacaryocytes were seen. Our findings conform clinically to those of reported cases, 1 and confirm, in the human, numerous morbid anatomical changes observed in experimental animals, namely : 1. Leucopenia. 2. Aplastic anemia. 2 Our own case did not verify the destruction of adult forms, as reported by Selling, since there was no excess of iron pigment in the tissues. 3. Thrombocytopenia. 3 4. Aplasia of bone marrow, i. e., replacement of the erythropoetic, leucopoetic and platelet forming elements by fat.


The implementation of the traffic control system can help in solving such motor transport related problems as environmental pollution, gridlocks, car thefts, road safety. The main goal of this paper is analyzing architecture of the traffic control systems using cloud computing. There will be shown the architecture for practical realization.


Saunois et al. try to explore potential errors introduced into seasonal means and trends of ozone by the low frequency of profile measurements made by ozone sondes. Most sonde stations make weekly observations, with a few in Europe launching sondes three times a week. The authors seek to explore the effect of these frequencies by subsampling the almost daily MOZAIC aircraft profiles into and out of Frankfurt airport.


Dehiscence of the mucoperiosteal flap from the alveolar margin is one of the rare complications reported after cleft palate surgery. This situation has been termed a "hanging palate". [1] In these cases, secondary suturing is bound to fail. Intraoperative use of adhesives can obviate this problem. Although the adhesion system cannot and should not replace surgical suture, it provides valuable assistance in tissue synthesis and in local hemostasis at the time of primary surgery, particularly in cases where conventional suture methods are difficult to apply. In addition to good adhesion and good tissue compatibility, the adhesive is completely absorbed. This paper emphasizes on the effectiveness of the fibrin glue for the prevention of such a complication.


Abstract A reduced animal model can be used for best linear unbiased prediction, and this results in a large reduction in number of equations to be solved compared with the animal model. Similarly, the reduced animal model can be used for estimation of variances by minimum variance quadratic unbiased estimation and by restricted maximum likelihood. Generalized inverses of coefficient matrices of mixed model equations are required for these methods of estimation of variances under both the animal and the reduced animal model. Consequently, use of the reduced animal model can markedly reduce the order of such matrices. Simple examples are presented for these methods of estimation under both the animal model and the reduced animal model.


An accessory muscle in the lateral compartment of right leg in addition and posterior to the fibularis longus and brevis muscles was encountered during the routine dissection procedure in a 75-year-old male Caucasian cadaver. Accordingly, previous dissections were checked and the legs of other cadavers and amputation specimens were further dissected to investigate the region. However, no other similar muscle was seen in any of other 12 legs dissected. The muscle in our case originated from the lateral surface of the fibula and posterior intermuscular septum almost 7.5 cm proximal to the distal tip of the fibula. The muscle belly was fusiform in shape and 4-cm long. Its width at the wid-est level was 7.5 mm and thickness was 3 mm. The muscle converged into a slender tendon the length of which was 5.8 cm. The tendon coursed distally in the fibular synovial sheath posterior to the tendons of fibularis longus and brevis. It attached after widening to the retrotrochlear eminence of the calcaneus together with the deep proximal fibres of the inferior fibular retinaculum. Because of its origin, course and insertion, we named the present muscle as ''musculus fibulocalcaneus externum'' (Fig. 1). The fibulo-calcaneus externum (FQ), which is part of the fibularis quartus muscle complex, is of interest both from an anatomical viewpoint, and also because it may present with nonspecific persistent ankle pain, fibular tendinopathy, and painful hypertrophy of the retrotrochlear eminence (Brandes and Smith, 2000; Chepuri et al., 2001). Prior descriptions of fibularis quartus report that it may cause a


This paper reviews the construction and trial production of matching project for Xiaohu Shipbuilding Base of Guangdong New China Shipyard Co., Ltd.


To detect fetal heart rate (FHR) with high accuracy and low computational complexity, we propose a method based on the cross-correlation technique. The method consists of two procedures. First, the cross-correlation between two adjacent segments of an input sample at various lengths is computed to obtain the pitch period. Second, the FHR is estimated by finding the location of the first maximum in the cross-correlation values. These procedures differ from the conventional methods in that the FHR is computed with an input sample shifted by a certain amount compared to the previous fetal heart period interval. In experiments, results from conventional methods, the autocorrelation function (ACF) method and the average magnitude difference function (AMDF) method are obtained and compared with the proposed method for the purpose of evaluating its performance, and we confirmed that the proposed method gives an improved FHR with high accuracy.


The identification of bivalent aptamers for thrombin by SELEX and single-step selection are compared using next generation (massively parallel) sequencing and motif finding informatics. Results show that similar aptamers are identified by both methods.


---------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------Education assumes an imperative part in the development of any nation. Therefore, knowing what motivates the student pursuing higher education is the need of the hour. Researchers are very interested in finding out the role of motivation in the field of education. The aim of this study which has been conducted in the UK is to find out the motivating factors that affect the academic performance of Indian students pursuing MBA with professional placement in the University of Central Lancashire (UcLan). The study follows a qualitative approach including interviews and questionnaires collected from the participants who are the Indian students pursuing MBA in UcLan. The findings show that most of the students are extrinsically motivated by rewards, reinforcement, teaching and learning methods and competition among the peers to perform better in academics to get good scores, to avoid failure, and to make a good career in the UK. A very few of the respondents believe in self-satisfaction or intrinsic motivation to learn something new because of the impact of the culture of Indian students. However, this study can be taken to the next level by involving more number of Indian students as participants and comparing their motivation with the UK students in UcLan.


Predicting the corona virus can be divided into several phases, including a state-wide analysis that includes active, confirmed, cured, deaths as well as an increase in cases on a daily basis that includes each and every state of India as well as Union Territories. This also includes a thread of new corona virus cases from throughout India and forecasts the outbreak's conclusion in the next days. Machine learning algorithms like SVM, Linear Regression and Decision Tree Regression are used to analyze this data and improve this model's outcome. In this study, Jupyter notebook is used which provides an environment that is suited for machine learning principles. This technique provides for a comprehensive analysis of the virus's spread, including total and active cases, as well as forecasting future outbreaks and a weekly study epidemic.


The selective light reflection and turbidimetric property of concentrated aqueous solutions of (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC), originating from their cholesteric mesophase structure and LCST-type phase behavior, respectively, are much affected by coexistence of inorganic salts therein. This is ascribed to a strong dependence of both cholesteric helical pitch (P) and cloud point (Tc) of the aqueous cellulosic solutions on the sort and concentration of the additive salts. By virtue of electrophoretic motility of the coexistent salt ions as P and/or Tc shifter, the dynamic variation in cholesteric coloration and/or optical turbidity of the HPC solutions was realized under the action of a relatively weak electromotive force to electrodes in contact with their layered sample. It was reasonably taken that the electrical stimulation allowed the ion particles to migrate and localize in this lyotropic system, resulting in occurrence of a certain degree of gradient in magnitude of P and/or Tc in response to the une...


Compass-oriented deep-sea bottom photographs taken on the Blake Escarpment near Great Abaco Canyon reveal that the outcropping Cretaceous limestone is broken by several fracture sets. Three distinguishable trends of what are assumed to be vertical fractures are found. One trending N. 55° W., which corresponds to the strike of Great Abaco fault; another trending N. 25° E., which corresponds to the strike of the prominent linear magnetic anomaly along Blake Escarpment off Great Abaco Island; and a third trend of N. 60° E., which is thought to be a second order shear fracture related to the movements along the first two trends.


Abstract : Intent protection is a model of software obfuscation which, among other criteria, prevents an adversary from understanding the program's function for use with contextual information. Relating this framework for obfuscation to malware detection, if a malware detector can perfectly normalize a program P and any obfuscation (variant) of the program O(P), the program is not intent protected. The problem of intent protection on programs can also be modeled as intent protection on combinational logic circuits. If a malware detector can perfectly normalize a circuit C and any obfuscation (variant) O(C) of the circuit, the circuit is not intent protected. In this effort, the research group set the primary goal as determining if a malware detector based upon the mechanisms of term rewriting theory can perfectly normalize circuits transformed by a sub-circuit selection and replacement algorithm, even when the transformation algorithm is known. The research group set the secondary goal as relating this result on circuit transformations to the realm of software obfuscation. The transformation rules of the sub-circuit selection and replacement algorithm are identified and modeled as rewrite rules in a term rewriting system. These rewrite rules are examined for critical overlaps which cannot be resolved by a widely used completion algorithm known as Knuth-Bendix. The research group performs an analysis of the critical overlaps found within the rewrite rules and successfully relates these results to the instruction-substitution obfuscations of a software obfuscator.


Children who are victims of bullying are less socially competent and have poorer emotion recognition abilities. This study investigated whether children's physical and relational bullying experiences as victims, bullies, and bystanders are related to their emotion recognition abilities. It was hypothesised that more relational bullying victimisation is related to poorer recognition of the hubris expression. A total of 100 children completed emotion categorization tasks that assessed their recognition abilities and trait ratings that assessed their perception of the associated positive and negative traits of the positive and hubristic pride expressions. They also completed 3 subscales from the Bully Survey that assessed their relational and physical bullying victimisation, perpetration, and bystander experiences. Results showed that poorer recognition of the hubris expression was not associated with more relational bullying victimisation experience as predicted. Instead, it was associated with more physical bullying victimisation experience. Moreover, there were no relationships found between other bullying experiences and recognition of other expressions. Explanations and implications for findings found in this research are discussed, and directions for future research are proposed.


Pharmacist counseling is a component that must be provided by pharmacists when dispensing drugs to patients. This includes one form of service in health institutions, namely pharmaceutical services. Pharmaceutical service is a direct and responsible service to patients related to pharmaceutical preparations with a view to improving the quality of life of patients. Assessment of the quality of pharmaceutical services can be done based on patient satisfaction. In this study, patient satisfaction with pharmacist counseling services can be done using the SERVQUAL model which has 5 dimensions, namely tangible dimensions (real evidence), reliability (reliability), responsiveness (responsiveness), assurance (guarantee), and empathy (empathy). This study aims to review the most prominent results on these 5 dimensions and with a total of 40 respondents in the form of several questions (questionnaires). Based on the implementation of pharmacist counseling in services to patients at the Muizzah clinic using the SERVQUAL model, it was found that of the 5 dimensions the highest was the assurance value of 90.1%. Many patients expect the competence of pharmacists to instill trust and confidence in patients, such as the performance of pharmacists who are competent, professional and are expected to provide input to the clinic to improve the quality of service for each patient.


The polarization properties of the recently introduced three-dimensional electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model sources [Opt. Lett. 42, 1792  (2017)] are examined. Both cases of uniform and non-uniform  polarization are considered. The three-dimensional polarization states  are characterized via the eigenvalues of a 3×3 source polarization  matrix and, more specifically, via the indices of polarimetric purity. We  show that the considered sources exhibit a variety of polarization states  throughout their volumes conveniently controlled by several physically  accessible source parameters.


323 Background: To determine the impact of pre-biopsy prostate MRI followed by a targeted biopsy (TBx) approach for initial diagnosis on oncological outcomes after prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent prostate biopsy followed by radiation therapy (RT) or radical prostatectomy (RP) as their first treatment from 2014-2020. Patients were separated into two cohorts based on the diagnostic approach: pre-biopsy prostate MRI during the initial evaluation and those who did not receive MRI. Patients with positive MRI findings underwent a combination of TBx and systematic biopsy (SBx) to confirm the diagnosis, while those without MRI underwent SBx only. Patients with PSA >20 were excluded. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was used to compare biochemical recurrence (BCR, defined as PSA > 0.2ng/ml after RP or a rise of 2ng/ml after RT) between cohorts. Cox proportional hazard analysis was done to determine the predictors of the BCR. Results: 366 patients (174 diagnosed by SBx only, and 192 diagnosed by pre-biopsy MRI and TBx) with a median follow-up of 40 months were included in the study. 245 men (67%) had RP as their first treatment. Median age and PSA were 64.7 and 7.9, respectively in the SBx cohort and 65.0 and 8.3, respectively in the TBx cohort. There was a significant difference in BCR rate between the TBx (7.98%) versus SBx (19.28%, p<0.05 by log-rank). After adjusting for age, race, PSA, biopsy path, DRE, and family hx, pre-biopsy the MRI and TBx approach for diagnosis was found to be an independent negative predictor (p=0.001); with patients diagnosed with the above approach 71% less likely to have BCR during the study period. Conclusions: Our study shows that patients undergoing pre-biopsy MRI followed by TBx have lower rates of biochemical recurrence compared to men diagnosed without pre-biopsy MRI. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show the positive impact of pre-biopsy MRI on oncological outcomes, likely due to its role in risk stratification, treatment selection, surgical staging, and planning. Further longitudinal studies are needed to discern the true long-term benefits of pre-biopsy MRI on oncological outcomes.


The main purpose of this research is to identify the effects of the tax reform in Colombia Law 1819 of 2016 on the labor income of dependent workers under a descriptive methodology that will help to characterize and contextualize the reader on the tax reform law 1819 of 2016 and which was also allowed to be introduced with this new reform with respect to the previously existing law 1607 of 2012. The main conslation that there was an affectation to the dependent workers is supported in that the limitation of the tax benefits that were shortened The options to make tax planning more effective.


In this work, we assess several deep learning strategies for hyperspectral pansharpening. First, we present a new dataset with a greater extent than any other in the state of the art. This dataset, collected using the ASI PRISMA satellite, covers about 262200 km2, and its heterogeneity is granted by randomly sampling the Earth's soil. Second, we adapted several state of the art approaches based on deep learning to fit PRISMA hyperspectral data and then assessed, quantitatively and qualitatively, the performance in this new scenario. The investigation has included two settings: Reduced Resolution (RR) to evaluate the techniques in a supervised environment and Full Resolution (FR) for a real-world evaluation. The main purpose is the evaluation of the reconstruction fidelity of the considered methods. In both scenarios, for the sake of completeness, we also included machine-learning-free approaches. From this extensive analysis has emerged that data-driven neural network methods outperform machine-learning-free approaches and adapt better to the task of hyperspectral pansharpening, both in RR and FR protocols.


This paper presents a simple and safe lifting device adopted the principle of screw jack,the upside-down installation method and procedure for welding a vertical and cylindrical vault steel acid tank with 5000 m3 volume on site,then it stresses on typical problems of the lifting device design.


Cell therapy constitutes a promising strategy for the treatment of myocardial infarction. To better control the survival, the differentiation and the integration of the grafted cells, we have used a tissue-engineering approach associating the cells with a microvector comprising a biomimetic surface and able to release a growth factor (GF), the pharmacologically active microcarriers (PAM). Among the cell used for such approach, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) do not raise ethical concerns/issues and allow autologous transplantation. These cells are widely studied for the regeneration of various tissues due to their immunoregulatory properties, their potential to secrete GFs and chemokines but also their large potential of differentiation. In a first step, we have investigated the effect of extracellular matrix molecules and PAMs on ADSCs differentiation into cardiomyocytes in combination with a GF cocktail. We have thus observed that the GFs cocktail allowed cell commitment into the cardiac lineage after 2 weeks. Comparing the effects of the laminin (LM) and fibronectin (FN) on this differentiation, we found that LM allowed ADSCs differentiation into a more mature phenotype. Moreover, the enrichment of the GF cocktail with TGF!1 potentiated the LM effect. Finally, providing PAM covered with LM allowed an earlier differentiation into cardiac lineage in combination with the cocktail. PAMs can release a GF in a prolonged manner. Consequently, we encapsulated 3 proteins, the VEGF, the HGF and the IGF-1, and assessed their effect on ADSCs behavior. We observed that PAMs releasing HGF and IGF-1 induced ADSCs cardiomyogenic differentiation. Moreover, we also observed ADSCs cardiac differentiation markers expression, when ADSCPAMs complexes are integrated within a thermosensitive hydrogel. However, we also found that the amount of protein released from PAMs decreased within the gel. In a last part we have sought to improve protein release profile from PAMs changing polymer composition. So, we used various triblock copolymers of PLGA-PEG-PLGA to formulate microspheres and then evaluated their role on protein release but also on protein stability during polymer degradation.


Acid-catalyzed cyclization of benzalaminoacetal results in the formation of the isoquinoline nucleus. This reaction, first reported by Pomeranz and Fritsch, has been used in the synthesis of a variety of isoquinoline compounds. The process is carried out in two stages. In step one, a condensation leads to the benzalaminacetal. In step two, a ring closure leads to the isoquinoline. An alternative route involves the condensation of the corresponding benzylamine witth glyoxal semiacetal. The yield of isoquinoline products varies widely. The Pomeranz-Fritsch synthesis offers the possibility of preparing isoquinolines with the substituent groups in an orientation difficult to achieve with other methods.

Keywords:

Pomeranz-Fritsch reaction;
isoquinolines;
cyclization;
Schiff base;
acetals;
glyoxyl semiacetal;
experimental procedures


Styczynski et al. [1] present an EBMT database analysis on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related transplant outcomes in a cohort of patients with non-malignant disorders. The present paper is the third in a row, with the two previous papers demonstrating an association between EBV serostatus and development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in individuals allografted with acute leukemia and lymphoma or chronic malignancy [2, 3]. The vast majority of the world's population remains in a lifelong state of chronic persistent EBV infection. During the complex lifecycle of the virus and its prolonged co-existence with the human immune system, numerous interactions will occur. Across this process, viral antigens exert a significant impact on function of certain B-, Tand NK-cell subsets, resulting both in immune activation and immune evasion to preclude the complete clearance of the virus. In the allogeneic stem cell transplant setting, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is the most wellstudied complication associated with EBV [4]. In addition to that, it can also be postulated that the presence of EBV (donor and recipient serostatus) may have a profound impact on other immune mediated occurrences, most notably GVHD. To date, the methods to control EBV are rather limited in number. B-cell depletion with rituximab as well as adoptive transfer using EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cells are feasible methods; however, the efficacy of certain antiviral drugs is yet under investigation. It also remains to be proven whether these efforts would be sufficient to prevent or ameliorate GVHD. Undoubtedly, selecting EBV-negative donors could be an appealing and pragmatic option, rendering antiviral therapies unnecessary. Given the high seroprevalence of EBV in general population, this approach still does not seem to be applicable in real life clinical practice. In the future, welldesigned prospective clinical trials are warranted to study the impact of EBV management on transplant outcomes, especially chronic GVHD.


Methods and apparatus are provided for transmitting a reference signal by a base station in a mobile communication system. The method includes generating, at the base station, information for a non zero transmission power reference signal including at least one resource element; generating, at the base station, bitmap information indicating a zero transmission power reference signal; and transmitting, at the base station, the information for the non zero transmission power reference signal and the bitmap information to a terminal.


This paper details a survey study designed and administered to test a Deming-like TQM model for public high schools in Kuwait. Structural equation modeling was used to fit the data to the proposed model according to well-known procedures and criteria. This study adds value to the TQM-in-education literature in that it investigates the applicability of Anderson's et al. (1994) quality model in public education in a culture outside of the United States of America. Because of the nature of educational systems, we suggest an additional construct (School Assured Satisfaction) before the final construct (Customer Satisfaction). The study also investigates the total impact that each element has on both School Assured, and Customer Satisfaction based on the stakeholders' opinion. In addition, this paper recommends implementing an active measurement system to help secondary schools implement TQM correctly. Such a system acts as a "quality assurance system" in which leading measurements are taken periodically throughout the school year to increase the chances of achieving the lagging measurements associated with assuring both quality education and customer satisfaction.


Among the most important examples of quantum groups, there are those which are obtained from a Lie algebra g as deformations of the associated universal enveloping algebra U(g), the so-called quantized universal enveloping algebras. Here, we will review some theory of quantized universal enveloping algebras and their representations, focusing on their rational and integral (restricted) forms. Throughout the notes the (not so) basic example of sl2(C) will be examined. For all proofs see [CP].


Pricing research shows the existence of lower- and upper-price-thresholds. However, the reason why these thresholds exist and how they are processed in the brain remains mainly unclear. We applied functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging to investigate neural activation-patterns that correspond to a lower-, optimal-, and upper-price-threshold. Our results showed the existence of an upper but not a lower threshold and give some evidence for research on price perception.


Since the emergence of the first medieval universities student involvement in governance and management of higher education institutions has been a prevalent feature in colleges and universities across the world. Higher education students have always had distinct rights and roles as students in higher education. Sometimes students also have distinct authority to take part in decisions of the governing bodies and management structures of higher education institutions. When this is the case, student representatives taking such positions of authority typically come from the ranks of representative student associations. Student representative associations – such as student governments, councils, unions, parliaments, guilds – aggregate, organise interests of the entire student body and intermediate these interests towards institutional leaders or the government or other higher education stakeholders. In this chapter, I refer to this set of students' rights, roles and authority, and forms of organisation of student interests within higher education (institutions or systems) as student estate. Student estate implies a distinct social status and political identities of students as a distinct social category.


Is it that by its indefiniteness it shadows forth the heartless voids and immensities of the universe, and thus stabs us from behind with the thought of annihilation . .. or is it, that as an essence whiteness is not so much a color as the absence of color.. is it for these reasons that there is such a dumb blankness, full of meaning, in a wide landscape of snows-a colorless ... atheism from which we shrink? -Melville I am going north looking for the source of the chill in my bones. -Jack Spicer Where is everybody? Well--it's cold. Margie. --Fargo I Fargo was filmed in color, and yet it's the absence of color-the bone-chilling whiteness of a Minnesota winter-that sets the movie's quirky tone from beginning to end. Fargo's central subject is disparity: Jean Lundegaard: Do you know what a disparity is? Scotty Lundegaard (testily): Yeah!2 So should Fargo's audience, by film's end. For everything in Fargo is out of sync: its title (all but the brief opening sequence takes place in Minnesota, not North Dakota); its off-beat names (Mike Yanagita, Reilly Diefenbach, Gaear Grimsrud, Shep Proudfoot); its weather ("It's a beautiful day," Police Chief Marge Gunderson declares, as "[outside it is snowing. The sky, the earth, the road-all white.]"); its appointments ("Shep said you'd be here at 7:30"; "Shep said 8:30"); its musical score (strains of a traditional Norwegian folk tune interspersed with automobile door chimes and white noise from television sets); its opening text: This is a true story. The events depicted in this film took place in Minnesota in 1987. At the request of the survivors, the names have been changed. Out of respect for the dead, the rest has been told exactly as it occurred. Flare to white... In his introduction to the filmscript of Fargo, Ethan Coen declares, "[Fargo] aims to be both homey and exotic, and pretends to be true.',3 In fact the killings in Fargo didn't take place in Minnesota in 1987 or at any other time (wouldn't Minnesotans remember hearing about a notorious murderer putting his partner, an equally notorious murderer, into a wood chipper?). More to the point, no one in the film has an iota of respect for the dead. To be sure, the psychopath Gaear Grimsrud is indifferent to the plight of his victims, but so is Chief Marge Gunderson--Gunderson, who was described by one naive early reviewer as "the film's moral center.,4 With the dead body of an unlucky eyewitness to one of Grimsrud's crimes in the background, the very pregnant Marge feels the need to puke, not from moral or physical revulsion but from morning sickness. "Well, that passed," she says cheerfully, rising. "Now I'm hungry again." Fargo isn't a crime film, nor, strictly speaking, is it about crime. The brilliance of the film, rather, lies in its ability to critique a certain contemporary, or postmodern, response to the crime of murder. Consider the following parallel between the reactions of both good guys and bad guys to the freezing cold of a Minnesota February. When she arrives on the scene of the triple homicide, Chief Marge asks her deputy, "Where is everybody?", meaning the other deputies. The redoubtable Lou replies, "Well-it's cold, Margie." A few moments later, Marge concludes: "I guess the little guy sat in there [the highway patrolman's prowler] waitin' for his buddy V come back." Lou replies, "Yah, would a been cold out here." In Fargo, both heroes and villains are willing to sacrifice the better angels of their nature in order to seek out a bit of warmth. As for the highway patrolman shot in the head by Grimsrud, all Marge Gunderson can manage is, "Well, he's got his gun on his hip there, and he looked like a nice enough fella." Ethan Coen's skillful use of grammatical parataxis in this line recalls Ernest Hemingway's short story "After the Storm": I said "Who killed him?" and he said I don't know who killed him but he's dead all right," and it was dark and there was water standing in the street and no lights and windows broke and boats all up in the town and trees blown down. …


Haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a fulminant, often fatal, systemic illness that occurs in association with infection and malignancy. We provide the first report of HPS that heralded a primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a rare neoplasm linked to Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus. The patient was a 38‐year‐old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with fever, sweats, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and refractory anaemia. Examination of the spleen demonstrated haemophagocytosis; analysis of ascites revealed PEL. Treatment with chemotherapy and ganciclovir resulted in complete remission of both conditions. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges posed by HPS and supports the trial of antiviral agents in combination with chemotherapy in patients with PEL.


Exploiting Spatial and Doppler nulls is a straightforward way to construct a valid blocking matrix(BM) in the generalized sidelobe canceller(GSC)-based Space-time adaptive processing(STAP). However, spatial nulls of the airborne collocated MIMO radar are not uniformly distributed and their unknown frequencies remain to be estimated. In this work, we develop estimation rules of spatial null for the airborne collocated MIMO radars. The proposed rules provide closed-form solutions of both the number and frequencies of spatial nulls. By using the proposed estimated rules to construct the BM, the resulting GSC-based STAP processor exhibits near-optimum performance and outperforms the conventional estimation rules. Simulations are provided to verify the accuracy of the proposed estimation rule and demanstrate the effectiveness of its application to the GSC-based STAP.


Young Entrepreneurs from schools across Scotland gathered in Edinburgh to share their problem-solving digital tech at Apps for Good's celebratory event.


The COVID-19 pandemic has increasingly been defined as the shecession for its disproportionate debilitating impact on women. Despite this gendered analysis, a number of health activists have called on governments to account for the experiences of Black communities as they are disproportionately suffering the effects of this pandemic. In the media's address of the impact of the pandemic, we ask, what experiences are represented in news stories and are Black women present in these representations. Performing a content analysis of 108 news articles, a reading of media discourses through a racial lens reveals a homogenization of women's experiences and an absence of the Black experience. In the small number of news stories that do focus on Black women, we see that the health disparities are not simply the result of precarious work and living conditions, but also the struggle against anti-Black racism on multiple fronts. In critiquing, however, we also bring forth the small number of news stories on the Black experience that speak to the desire and hope that can thrive outside of white supremacist structures.


The advent of the wave equation analysis during the 1960s through the 1970s was a quantum leap in modern foundation engineering. For the first time, the full complex of pile driving could be considered, that is, velocity dependent aspects (damping), soil deformation characteristics, soil resistance (total as well as its distribution of resistance along the pile shaft and between the pile shaft and the pile toe), hammer efficiency, hammer and pile cushions parameters, and other.


To the Editor:

We would like to thank Crunelle and colleagues for the interest shown in our work and for giving us the possibility to better explain our results (Bianchi et al. , 2015).

Crunelle is correct in mentioning that the SoHT has proposed two distinct cut-offs to be used in the assessment of alcohol consumption, a 7 pg/mg (to distinguish abstinence from social drinking) and a 30 pg/mg cut-off (to assess excess chronic alcohol intake >60 g per day) (SoTH Guideline on EtG, Cooper et al. , 2012). However, in our study, both serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and hair ethyl glucuronide (EtG) were used to detect chronic alcohol consumption or abuse, as stated in the title. Indeed, at least in …


The concentration of specific alloantibody in purified mouse immunoglobulin preparations was determined. When passively transferred in adequate doses, IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 antibodies all induced tumor enhancement in allogeneic hosts. IgM and IgG2 antibodies in high concentration led to inhibition of tumor growth. IgM and either IgG1 or IgG2 had additive effects on tumor enhancement. IgG1, but not IgG2, suppressed the inhibitory effect of IgM in high concentration.


What factors have driven commercial real estate (CRE) prices upwards prior to a sharp fall in prices? We study this question by identifying turning points in CRE for a dataset covering the prime office segment in 58 cities in Europe. CRE prices are decomposed into rents and CRE yields. Our results show that the increase in rents was the main driver behind the rise in CRE prices before peaks in the period 1980 to 2003. In the period 2004 to 2016, the decline in CRE yields was the main driver and was partly caused by a general downward trend in European CRE yields before the global financial crisis. A significant part of the decline is still left unexplained after controlling for factors such as the risk-free rate, the risk premium and city-specific effects. The reduction in CRE yields caused by the residual and the time dummies was likely driven by a change in omitted variables such as time variation in access to credit, capital requirements, the expected long-run rent growth rate and/or CRE specific risk premiums.


International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)-based financial reporting has become widespread all around the world especially after its mandatory adoption in the European Union in 2005. There are several objectives of IFRS-based financial reporting, all of which depends on the idea of a single set of high-quality standards as frequently highlighted by promoters of IFRS. This literature review depicts a comprehensive picture of the archival research on the impact of IFRS-based reporting on capital markets from the perspective of the value relevance (VR) concept. First, the VR concept, as well as models employed to measure the VR, are described. Afterwards, selected studies of the archival research are grouped, summarized, and discussed. Finally, archival research is methodologically analyzed by considering different dimensions. All in all, this literature review provides information on IFRS adoption from the perspective of the VR.


Objective: To study the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), serine/threonine kinase (Akt) path and apoptosis in rats brains following local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Method: Male adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham -operated group, the model group and the EA group. The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established by thread ligation method. Neurological system symptoms were evaluated at the 12(superscript th)h, 24(superscript th)h, 48(superscript th) h after ischemia/reperfusion. Then the rats were sacrificed at the 12(superscript th) h, 24(superscript th) h, and 48(superscript th) h after reperfusion, and rats brains were taken for histopathological, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry examinations. Positive reacted cells of apoptosis, PI3-K and Akt were counted under light microscope at different time points after ischemia/reperfusion. Result: EA could significantly alleviate the damage of neurological system; histopathological examination showed that the cerebral ischemic damage in the EA group was significantly milder than that in model group. As compared with sham-operated group and model group, positive reacted cell amounts of apoptosis were greatly declined in EA group (P<0.05). Positive immune reacted cell amounts of PI3-K and Akt were greatly enhanced in EA group as compared with model group and sham-operated group. Conclusion: The protective effects of EA therapy against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury might be associated with improving the positive expressions of PI3-K and Akt path.


In 1979 the present authors used the subfamily rank "Ganodermoideae" to publish a paper about the Chinese species of the genera Ganoderma and Amauroderma, which included 53 species, 1 variety and 1 forma. For the threeyears it has been further studied and a large number of speciemens determined by the authors. They consider the fact is trus to recognize this group as the family rank "Ganodermataceae". In spite of which and Polyporaceae with the same hymenophore the relationship between them, hitherto, is not yet clear. The former is characterized by its double walled spore and its endospore uslually with echinules, but the latter is the simple walled spore. In the present paper 4 new species and 2 new records from China are reported. They are Ganoderma sichuanense Zhao et Zhang, G. crebrostriatum Zhao et Xu, G. tibetanum Zhao et Zhang, Arnauroderma amoiensies Zhao et Xu; Ganoderma gibbosum (Bl. and Nees) Pat. and Amauroderma schomburgkii(Mont, et Berk.) Torrend. All the materials cited above are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Institute of Microbiology, Academia Sinica, Beijing.


This paper is the second in a body of work describing a correlation estimating system (CES) that has numerous advantages over the commonly used processes. This work develops a very general system of estimation of parameters and confidence intervals for coefficients in regression models. This entire theory stems from using correlation coefficients for the estimation process. A general method of defining correlation coefficients appears in the first paper (Gideon, 2006) and this paper shows how to use the correlation coefficients to do simple linear regression. It is hoped that this CES makes the estimation of parameters in regression models more diverse and powerful and does not leave the practitioner limited just to least squares or normal theory. Succeeding papers extend the system into location, scale, and more advanced regression models. The first paper is entitled The Correlation Coefficients and has been submitted to a journal.


Xining Rheum is Chinese medical herbs of Qinghai pure traditional.Nearly exhausts the wild resources.At fast develop the planted resources.Two years planted Rheum of Qinghai Xining and vicinity districts were collected at regular intervals.The content of trace elements of it was analysed by follow,which furnish the science basis for continue development and use of Rheum resources of Qinghai Xining.The results show the trace elements Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn in planted Rheum are effectivly accumulated and the trace elements Zn,Mn,Cu in the soil geochemistry circumstances has a very important role and significances for grow up Qinghai Rheum.


Word-of-mouth marketing is a new marketing strategy or way using word-of-mouth concept in the field of marketing and using word of mouth as a way to spread,which is also an enterprise's planned,organized,executed and controlled marketing management process.With the continuous development of the applications of the Internet information dissemination,especially the rapidly growing popularity of micro-blogging and other social media,word-of-mouth marketing has been got a high degree of concern by the people.When enterprises using the new marketing strategy of word-of-mouth marketing organize the marketing activities,it is necessary to build the perfect word-of-mouth marketing management system and operating system in order to ensure the word of mouth marketing to really play a huge positive energy and positive effect.


OBJECTIVES
To describe the development, testing, and refinement of the PRO-SELF Program as used in randomized clinical trials.

DATA SOURCES
Research studies and articles.

CONCLUSIONS
The PRO-SELF Program has made an important contribution in enhancing patients' self-care and reducing morbidity. It has the potential to contribute to self-care abilities of children and adolescents who have cancer.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
It is imperative that patients and their families have the essential information, skills, and support to carry out effective self-care symptom management.


This paper presents the results of applying recently developed local mean decomposition (LMD), a new iterative approach to acoustic emission(AE) feature extraction of natural fatigue cracks in rotating shafts providing an energy-frequency-time distribution with more adaptable precision. The method decomposes AE signals into a set of functions, each of which is the product of an envelope signal and a frequency modulated signal from which a time-varying instantaneous frequency can be derived. It has been found that LMD appears to be a better tool providing an energy-frequency-time distribution compared to Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) for natural fatigue crack characterization in a rotating rotor in the experiment cases. It was concluded that LMD-based AE technology could more successfully extract the features of natural fatigue cracks induced on rotating shafts.


A midst model between Causal Loop Diagram model and Level Rate Diagram model of System dynamics was constructed in this paper,which was named the Vertex Weighted Causal Loop Diagram model.A case of feedback analysis of sustainable development of a scale pig breeding dominating agro-ecosystem was presented to illustrate the predominance and the detailed steps for how to implement a qualitative and quantitative combined analysis by the approach of vertex weighted causal loop diagram model.


It is customarily assumed that Earth-striking meteoroids are completely random, and that all the impacts must be interpreted as uncorrelated events distributed according to Poisson statistics. If this is correct, their impact dates must be uniformly spread throughout the year and their impact coordinates must be evenly scattered on the surface of our planet. Here, we use a time- and yield-limited sample of Earth-impacting superbolides detected since 2000 to explore statistically this critical though frequently overlooked topic. We show that the cadence of these multi-kiloton impact events is incompatible with a random fall pattern at the 0.05 significance level or better. This result is statistically robust and consistent with the observed distribution of the longitudes of the ascending nodes of near-Earth objects (NEOs). This lack of randomness is induced by planetary perturbations, in particular Jupiter's, and suggests that some of the recent, most powerful Earth impacts may be associated with resonant groups of NEOs and/or very young meteoroid streams. An intriguing consequence of this scenario is that the impact hazard of Chelyabinsk-like objects should peak at certain times in the year.


An apparatus for preventing the transmission of sound in an underwater medium. A resilient housing encloses at least two voids. A first void contains a compliant tube consisting of two T-shaped support structures, each T-shaped support structure supporting a free-bending span designed to resonate at a predetermined frequency. A second void contains a viscous liquid in which metal fibers are suspended. The resilient housing may be surrounded by a rigid cover material which may include means for fastening the apparatus to a surface. The viscous liquid dissipates sound. The compliant tube attenuates the sound waves and decreases the velocity of the sound waves, consequently decreasing the wavelength of the waves.


Blowing agent blend for making thermoplastic polymer foams comprises methyl formate. Blowing agent blend may further contain at least one co-blowing agent. Co-blowing is a physical co-blowing agent (e.g., inorganic agent, a hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon having a polar functional group, water any, or a combination thereof), or a chemical co-blowing agent, or their the combination is. Thermoplastic polymer foam, alkenyl aromatic polymer foam may for example polystyrene foam. Blowing agent blend contains methyl formate and one or more co-blowing agents. The blowing agent blend of the methyl formate-based, dimensionally stable foam products having improved flame spread resistance is produced. Method of manufacturing such a foam are also provided. .BACKGROUND


A team of Australian researchers has come out in favor of an alternative laser technique using the hydrogen-boron reaction, which holds promise of a power system of minimal environmental impact. They think the hydrogen-boron combination may be the key to clean and virtually inexhaustible supplies of thermonuclear energy in the years to come. They believe that the development of high-power lasers will enable controlled thermonuclear reactions to occur using hydrogen-boron, and that one gram of the material could yield the equivalent of 21 MWh of energy. Their method would use multiple laser beams, but instead of burning or peeling off the surface of the target pellet by laser heat, the outer shell of the target would be blown off, very quickly at relatively low temperature. Implosive compression would follow and the actual fusion heating of the material would be induced by its own very high density. It is estimated that it would be possible to get 50 times more energy out than the total laser energy input. (MCW)


Balanced savings, protection against inflation, benefits while in practice, a tax shelter—these are among the advantages of a retirement plan designed to take advantage of the Keogh Act.


This study set out to determ ine the potential for treating leachates in combination with wastewater at Facu ltat ive Lagoons, a dev ice normally used for treat ing raw wastewaters. Pi lot-scale models were used to s imulate leachate treatment and d isposal in a Facultat ive Lagoon (FL), combining 2.4 L/hr of raw wastewater with a leachate m ixture (compris ing both young and old leachates), in concentrations of 4%, 6%, and 1 0% (v/v). The solution of leachate m ixture in raw wastewater was then fed into the two p i lot-scale mode ls ( M I and M2). The fol low ing parameters : concentrat ion of algae ; chlorophyl l a, b and c; faecal co l iforms (FC); and heavy metals, were analyzed in all the three component stages: the unmixed wastewater; the o ld and young leachate mixture ; and the combined wastewater leachate mixture. As a 1 0% di lution was found not to impede correct functioning of the Mode l Facultat ive Lagoon, the same concentrat ion was tried out using urban wastewaters from the University Wastewater Treatment Plant (UWTP). Interval values of BODs and COD in the wastewater and in the leachate mixture were 45-875 mg/L and 307-5 ,763 mg/L respectively, and results showed that a I 0% concentration of leachates combined with wastewater does not upset the system of biological treatment. None of the m ixtures affected the populat ion of algae. Maximum removal efficiency of BOD5 was 75%, and 35% for COD, therefore leav ing a BOD5 leve l of less than 25 mg/L in the efflouent from the FL. The removal of BOD5 and COD from the U WTP was greater sti l l , 86% and 64%, respective ly. FC and heavy metal concentrat ionso: As (0.007 mg/L), Cd (0.02 mg/L), Cu (<0.0 l mg/L), Cr ( 0.04 mg/L), Hg (o<0.00027 mg/L), Ni ( 0. 1 5 mg/L), Pb (0.098 mg/L) , CN (0.02 1 3 mg/L) and Zn (0.05 mg/L), were a l l be low the max imums establ ished by the Mexican Federal Regulat ion for Re-use of Wastewater in Agricultural Irr igat ion (NOM-ECOL-00 1 1 996).


A) What should be known about supplemental glutamine-(dipeptides)? In numerous controlled clinical trials it could be convincingly demonstrated that supplemental glutamine-(dipeptide) nutrtion was associated with improved nitrogen balance and mood; increased protein synthesis and lymphocyte count (total and subpopulation) ; maintained intestinal function, intracellular muscel free glutamine pool ,gut permeability and function, reduced 3MeHis excretion,motbidity,


Most of the work on polarity detection consists in finding out negative or positive words in a document using sentiment lexical resources. Indeed, some versions of such approaches have performed well but most of these approaches rely only on prior polarity of words and do not exploit the contextual polarity of words. Sentiment semantics of a term vary from one domain to another. For example, the word "unpredictable" conveys a positive feeling about a movie plot, but the same word conveys negative feeling in context of operating of a digital camera. In this work, we demonstrate this aspect of sentiment polarity. We use TREC Blog 2006 Data collection with topics of TREC Blog 2006 and 2007 for experimentation. The results of our experiments showed an improvement (95%) on polarity detection. The conclusion is that the context plays a role on the polarity of each word.


Sandia Laboratory is developing and testing prototype equipment to continuously record outputs from three short-period and three long-period unattended seismometers for up to 120 days. Timing accuracy will be within 0.1 second throughout the record period. The system will be capable of recording a 70 decibel signal range. As much as 42 decibel attenuation can also be applied to each short-period data channel by an automatic gain control system to compensate for high levels of background noise. Concurrent with the development of the recording system, a playback system is being developed and tested which will convert the recorded data and timing signals to the standard Vela Uniform tape format. According to present schedules, the systems should be fully evaluated in the laboratory and in the field by the beginning of 1967.


An asymptotic behaviour of solution of Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-2 equation is obtained as t → ∞ uniformly with respect to spatial variables. Evaluate an asymptotic behaviours of the coefficients of the external expansion as k → k 0 and ∂ 2 k S = o (1).


To understand the feature of the mutation of the gE gene in the local epidemic isolate of pseudorabies virus,the gE gene was amplified using the primers designed according to the Guizhou DY strain,and the product was analyzed and predicted for the protein characters.The 1 654 bp product was submitted to GenBank as KM079613.The representative insert of CGA was found at142-144 and 1 480-1 482 by the analysis of the nucleotide sequence,which result in a aspartic acid insert at 48 and 494in the amino acid sequence.The drift of O-GlcNAc glycosylation sites were observed at 563 and 571compared to the Ea strain,and the antigen tendentiousness at 420-460 decreased significantly.The homology with WY,ZM,HuXT2012,HBBD,HBLF,XiangA and ZJNB2012 was 99.8%,which were prevalent since 2012 in China;however,the homology with the strains from Europe and America was lower.It indicated that a certain degree of variation has happened to the PrV and gE gene was mutated as drift of O-GlcNAc glycosylation sites and the antigen tendentiousness according to the Ea strain isolated earlier in China.


Four days later: A recurrence of severe abdominal pains with blood-stained stools. This settled, but nine days after the operation colicky abdominal pain occurred with diarrhoea and the passage of very offensive blood-stained liquid stools. Provisional diagnosis of intussusception and intestinal obstruction was made. 27.9.49: Operation-Laparotomy. The whole of the small intestine was dilated. Visceral peritoneum was injected. There was an area in the transverse colon 3 in. long close to the hepatic flexure which was red, constricted and thickened with small shotty glands in the adjacent mesentery. The abdomen was again closed. Post-operatively the diarrhoea and passage of blood per rectum continued, and the hxmoglobin fell to 480%. She continued to have mild attacks of colic. Sigmoidoscopy showed the rectum and lower colon to be normal. X-ray of chest was negative for pulmonary tuberculosis. 10.11.49: Barium enema showed a constriction in the proximal part of the transverse colon extending for 2 in. to 3 in. The anxmia was corrected by blood transfusions. 21.11.49: Operation (nine weeks after onset of symptoms).-Right paramedian incision. Inflammatory thickening localized to the right part of the transverse colon 2 in. to 3 in. in length. Right hemicolectomy performed. Side to side anti-peristaltic ileo-transverse colostomy. Post-operative recovery uneventful. Discharged from hospital December 10, 1949, symptomless. Bowels opening twice daily, stool formed and normal.


Glacial till is a special soil in alpine mountainous areas, which often induces geohazards such as debris flows and landslides due to the influence of special geological environmental conditions in alpine mountainous areas. The change in the structure of glacial till is the main cause of geohazards. Glacial till structure is one of the important factors affecting the mechanical properties of soil. It can explain the mechanical phenomena of soil engineering and establish the quantitative relationship between soil structure and macro–mechanical properties. However, there are few systematic research results on its structure. For this reason, the intact glacial till in the Moxi River Basin, South of Kangding City, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Sichuan Province was taken as the research object, and the meso-structure and micro-structure of intact glacial till were studied using CT scanning and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The meso-structure and micro-structure images of the interior of intact glacial till were obtained and the porosity, particle shape, directivity and structural unit were analyzed. The results show that: (1) the average porosity of longitudinal and transverse sections of intact glacial till are 24.92% and 24.35%, respectively, and the difference is not significant; (2) the average circularity of the particles in the longitudinal and transverse sections is 0.836 and 0.802, respectively, and the average aspect ratio is 2.5 and 3.7, respectively. The shape of the particles in the longitudinal section is more circular than in the transverse section, and the orientation of the particles in the transverse sectional direction is more obvious; (3) the main mineral components of the glacial till sample are mica, feldspar and quartz. In the process of transportation and deposition, the mineral particles undergo different degrees of grinding, crushing and dissolution. The particles are mainly formed by calcareous cementation, and the cementation is dense. The structure is mainly a skeleton structure composed of fine particles that are wrapped or filled. These findings provide the scientific basis for highway-, railway- and hydro-power-station construction and disaster prevention and mitigation in the alpine mountainous area.


Japanese medaka are considered as an important animal for developmental studies in biology. They closely resemble vertebrates including humans and are used as a laboratory model to understand the physiology of various organs. Studies on medaka have revealed the effects of genetic and environmental factors on the development and functions of various organs. All these studies are possible only with the availability of good imaging tools. The most commonly used tools are i) binocular, confocal and stereo microscopy, ii) fluorescent imaging and iii) histology. These tools have very high resolution and could image various microscopic features in the tissue in the embryonic stage, where most of the development happens. Fish slowly lose their transparency after hatching. The above mentioned tools struggle to produce good images of the internal organs at this stage. But, it is important to have good images at this state too, since many organs continue to grow even at this stage. Moreover the environmental factors also affect the growth and physiology of the organs after hatching. Hence we need another tool that could complement the existing tools in this developmental stage. For this we propose ultra-high resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (UHR-SD-OCT) as an imaging tool. The aim of the research is to design and build an OCT system for imaging various morphological and developmental features of the medaka post-hatching and verify the results by comparing it with histology on the same animal. The SD-OCT system was centered on a superluminesence diode (SLD) of center wavelength 840 nm and bandwidth of 140 nm. Three different objective lenses were used in order to achieve different lateral resolutions and imaging depths. The system was tested to practically achieve an axial resolution of 3.9 μm and lateral resolution of 30μm, 12μm, 6μm depending on the objective used. The sensitivity was found to be 100.69 dB with a roll off of 4.3 dB/0.5 mm. The imaging time per A-line scan was 33μs. The medaka fish was initially paralyzed by exposing it to ice and then placed in the sample arm for imaging. Once the imaging was over the medaka was transferred back to the aquarium where it became active again. Three post-hatching stages of medaka were chosen for developmental studies which are 30 days post hatching (dph), 60 dph and 90 dph. Organs like brain, heart, spinal cord, teeth and gonads were successfully imaged at various developmental stages. The images revealed various morphological features and developmental information. To verify the correctness of the results, they were compared with the histology of the same fish. The analysis demonstrates good agreement between OCT and histology, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. From the results it can be concluded that OCT can be used effectively as a tool to study the morphology and development of various organs of medaka fish over time especially in the post-embryonic stage. Hence UHR-OCT can be considered a complementary tool to study the development of medaka.


Organic thin film solar cells are potential 'next generation' solar cells. Many p-type semiconductors have been used in organic solar cells, but there have been far fewer reports involving n-type organic semiconductors. Developing new n-type organic semiconductors is therefore desirable. Decaphenylpentasilane (DPPS) thin films were spin-coated from solutions containing boron (B), and the effects of B addition on film microstructures and electronic properties were investigated. Microstructures of DPPS thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, and DPPS thin films doped with B (DPPS(B)) showed the reduction of crystallinity upon annealing at 300 °C, while DPPS thin films exhibited crystalline structures. DPPS(B) thin films exhibited decreased electrical resistances upon the B doping and annealing. The desorption of phenyl and methyl groups from the DPPS(B) thin films was observed by Raman scattering measurements.


The Iberian Pyrite belt (IPb) is part of the south Portuguese Zone, the southernmost tectonic unit in the Variscan orogenic belt. The IPb is one of the most outstanding massive sulphide provinces in the world, with about 1700 Mt total reserves that make it one of the largest sulphide concentrations in the earth's crust. traditionally, the deposits of the IPb have been considered to be similar to the Kuroko type of VMs deposits. However, their location within a transpressive basin located at a passive continental margin dominated by detrital sediments suggests that they form an independent group of volcanic-related stratabound deposits, with no known modern analogues. It is generally considered that the volcanic rocks in the IPb are unrelated to the sierra Norte batholith which also intrudes the south Portuguese Zone. This relationship is based primarily on age data. However if the IPb is related to batholith development then it is possible that mineralization in the pyrite belt is related in part to tectonic processes associated with the collision of Laurussia with Gondwana. This interpretation suggests that the mineralization in the IPb is not a simple VMs system but rather associated with collisional orogenesis. Various age dates from across the belt were used to create a spatial age map of the IPb in order to investigate deposit evolution. Geochemistry of the mineralized host rocks show a chemical signature consistent with rocks formed from intrusion into continental crust from a deep source. Also, mineralization occurred in the underlying Phyllite-Quartzite unit which suggests that the ore-forming material was emplaced from a deeper source that also intruded the older and stratigraphically deeper unit. These data together indicate that the mineralization did not occur through vents onto the seafloor like the traditional volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. A detailed study of the field relationships and textures of volcanic rocks has revealed that nearly all the volcanic rocks in the spanish sector of the IPb are intrusive with some minor associated hydroclastic volcanogenic deposits. Millions of tons of tin have been extracted from the VsC. The occurrence of tin in the IPb suggests an alternate model for mineralization. traditional VMs deposits typically include Pb-Zn-Cu, whereas hydrothermal porphyry systems are the source for tin deposits. The occurrence of tin in the IPb indicates that a hydrothermal system was present and participated in the formation of the deposits. Relationship of mineralization in the Volcano Sedimentary complex (iberian Pyrite Belt) to the Sierra norte Batholith, Southern iberia


The results of dynamic panel data model analysis of fire and economic statistics in regions of Russia from 2006 to 2012 are presented. The regression analysis results allow to represent as a linear function the dependence of integral fire risks at facilities under supervision and in residential area to the values of the corresponding fire statistic indicators during the previous year and the value of regional socio-economic, administrative and legal factors. Formulas are elicited for short-term (1 year) prediction of fires expectancy in Russia regions based on the expected values of regional socio-economic factors.


The Indian cement industry is one of the oldest industries. It has been catering to India's infrastructure and housing requirements since its emergence during the British Raj. The purpose of this study is to analyse the financial data of 28 out of 36 listed public companies of Indian cement industry for the financial period 2004-05 to 2008-09 with a view to examining impact of determinants such as Total Assets, Liquidity, Inventory Turnover Ratio, Debt-Equity Ratio and Operating Expenses Ratio on the Ratio of Return on Capital Employed thereof with the help of techniques of correlation and regression analysis. The study found that Liquidity is closely related with the profitability of the Indian Cement Industry as compared to the Total Assets, Inventory Turnover Ratio, Debt-Equity Ratio and Operating Expenses Ratio. The change in Total Assets, Inventory Turnover Ratio and Operating Expenses Ratio causes increase in profitability of the Indian Cement Industry; while on the other, the change in Liquidity and Debt-Equity Ratio retreats the profitability thereof.


Purpose The aim of this policy brief is to highlight opportunities to strengthen the Jordanian health system with a focus on healthcare quality, access and equity for people with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). It is noted that this brief may be relevant to both government health actors as well as potential partners in the non-profit and for-profit health sectors. This document is based upon a 3-phase process that took place in 2018 and 2019 and included (1) a scoping review of the NCD intervention literature from urban refugee contexts in the Middle East and North Africa, (2) a qualitative NCD study conducted in Jordan with urban based Syrian refugees3 and (3) an expert consultative convening, hosted in Amman, to identify intervention and policy recommendations.


Objective: To locate fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFRs) 1–4 in human chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation. Methods: A sample of human chronic TM perforation was harvested during myringoplasty. The sample was immediately fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in OCT compound. Immunohistochemistry was performed with FGFR 1–4 polyclonal antibodies. Results: FGFRs 1–4 were strongly and weakly expressed in the epidermal and mucosal layer of the TM perforation, respectively. Conclusions: As it is impossible to perform quantitative analysis based on the fluorescence intensity of each immunoreactivity, the presence of FGFRs 1–4 in the human chronic TM perforation is shown. The expressions of FGFRs 1–4 indicated that the clinical use of bFGF agent is useful for myringoplasty.


This paper explores the topic of voice conversion as explored in a joint project with Percy Liang (EECS, Berkeley). For our purposes, voice conversion is the process of modifying the speech signal of one speaker (source) such that it sounds as though it had been pronounced by a different speaker (target). Following the Source-Filter model of speech production, we begin by assuming that most of a speaker's characteristics can be summarized in the spectral envelope as represented by a set of Linear Predictive Coefficients. By using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to model the features of the source speaker, we can then learn a mapping of features from the source to the target, and then resynthesize via various methods. In this paper, we explore different approaches to model the features and describe our results from experimenting with the resynthesis process, including the integration of a STRAIGHT vocoder system, which provides an advanced model of the excitation signal. Further discussion includes ways to immediately improve the system and how we would like to proceed in the future.


The rapid acceptance of the World Wide Web (WWW) has led to a lot of interest in the use of online shopping or e-commerce. This is driving forward new interface designs which offer a more natural and human-like interaction. MUeSLI is a system which allows a user to browse through fabrics and apply them to a virtual sitting room by talking to a synthetic persona and touching objects and fabrics in the room. The paper outlines the programme and progress of the MUeSLI project currently being undertaken at BT Laboratories. The main focus of the project is the integration of two or more modes of interaction within a real-world application. The application has been through a number of iterations: a focus group, Wizard of Oz trials and is currently being developed into a fully automatic system. The development of the architecture has highlighted the complexities surrounding the interpretation of more than one mode, and a number of pertinent issues are discussed. Further trials, eventually using members of the public, will allow us to investigate the effective design of robust interfaces.


Cobb syndrome consists of a vascular skin nevus associated with an angioma in the spinal cord.1 Cavernous angiomas (CAs) account for 5–16% of all spinal vascular malformations.2 The spinal cord is a rare site for CAs.1

Mean age at diagnosis is 36.4 years, with a peak between the third and fifth decades. Women make up 70% of all patients.1 3 Lesions are most frequently localised at the cervical and thoracic spinal cord.3 Mean size at diagnosis is 1.7 cm.3

We present a patient diagnosed as having multiple intramedullary thoracic CAs.

A 32-year-old woman presented with weakness and numbness of the lower extremities. She described slight …


A generalized Gaussian model that can be used for speckle reduction and restoration of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is presented here. We have worked in 3-look simulated and real ERS-1 amplitude images. A MAP approximation of the a posteriori log-likelihood distribution is given and the results of a local deterministic estimator are presented.


Aim: This study evaluated the suspected adverse drug reactions (ADR) reported from a spontaneous reporting program in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria Materials and Methods: This descriptive study analyzed individual case safety reports (ICSRs) in HIV-positive patients receiving ART between January 2011 and December 2011 in 38 secondary hospitals. All ICSRs during this period were included. Chi-square was used to test the association between variables at 95% confidence interval. Results: From 1237 ICSRs collated, only 1119 (90.5%) were valid for analysis. Mean age of patients was 35.3 (95%CI, 35.1–35.5) years; and 67.1% were females. A total of 1679 ADR cases were reported, a mean (± Standard Deviation, SD) of 1.5 (± 0.8) ADR cases per patient. Of reported ADRs, 63.2%, 8.2% and 19.3% occurred in patients on Zidovudine-based, Stavudine-based and Tenofovir-based regimens, respectively. The commonest ADRs included (12.0%) peripheral neuropathy, (11.4%) skin rash, (10.1%) pruritus and (6.5%) dizziness. ADR occurrence was associated with ART regimens, concomitant medicines and age (P < 0.05) unlike gender. Anaemia was associated with Zidovudine (AZT)/ Lamivudine (3TC) /Nevirapine (NEV) regimen [Odds ratio, OR = 6.4 (3.0–13.8); P < 0.0001], and peripheral neuropathy with Stavudine (d4T)/3TC/NEV regimen [OR = 8.7 (5.8–30.0), P < 0.0001] and Tenofovir (TDF)/Emtricitabine (FTC)/Efavirenz (EFV) regimen [OR = 2.1 (1.0–4.1), P = 0.0446]. Skin rash and peripheral neuropathy were associated with patients aged < 15years [OR = 3.0 (1.3–6.6), P = 0.0056] and 45–59years [OR = 1.9 (1.3–2.7), P = 0.0006] respectively. Palpitation and polyuria were associated with Salbutamol [OR = 55.7 (4.9–349.6), P = 0.0000] and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) [OR = 50.2 (0.9–562.1), P = 0.0040] respectively. Conclusion: ADRs were less likely to occur in patients on stavudine-based and tenofovir-based regimens compared to zidovudine-based regimens. Peripheral neuropathy was also found to be associated with tenofovir-based regimen. This may require further studies and evaluation.


Long-term follow-ups of patients with functional psychoses admitted to Gaustad Hospital have been carried out since 1955. For 972 first admissions between 1938 and 1950, the prognostic effects of clinical, social, and genetic factors have been described in great detail (1, 2, 4). A new series of 706 first admissions between 1951 and 1957 provides a control population for the previous findings. Based on agreed symptom coding by two psychiatrists, prognostic models have been developed using computer calculations. These models could give about 80 per cent correct predictions of the long-term risk of schizophrenic defects. The prognostic validity was ascertained by crossvalidations of the models on the two follow-up series (3). In prognostic models, it is of great importance to assess the reliability of symptom coding. For all first admissions of functional psychoses between 1959 and 1962, Noreik and Astrup, working independently, have coded the clinical symptomatology from the case histories. The coding scheme and coding manual are published in a monograph ( 3 ) . The sample of patients selected for the independent coding of the clinical symptomatology consisted of M first admissions for functional psychoses. The purpose of the present investigation was to see to what extent the two investigators coded the same factors. This was done by counting how many times Astrup had coded each factor and then calculating the percentage of cases where Noreik had coded the same factor. Both have had considerable experience in the application of the coding scheme. The results of these comparisons are reported in the following. Age of onset of illness was defined as the age when the active psychotic symptoms appeared which led to hospital admission. Here, the investigators disagreed 11 per cent. Five per cent disagreement was found for ages below 20 and above 40, whereas the corresponding percentages were 14 per cent for 20 to 29 years and 16 per cent for 30 to 39 years. An insidious onset of illness in schizophrenics is the main source of error. Over the age of 40, these onsets


Let us consider an infinite periodic structure where semiconductor layers of thickness d1 and dielectric layers of thickness d2 alternate. We ignore the collision frequency in the semiconductor layers and losses in dielectric. We introduce a coordinate system such that the x axis is parallel to the boundaries of the layers and z axis is perpendicular to the layers. We will assume that the structure is homogeneous in the x and y directions and put ∂/∂y = 0 , omitting the dependence on the coordinate y in the equations. Let the structure be exposed to an external magnetic field parallel to the y axis (see Fig.1). Then, Maxwell's equations split into independent equations for two modes with different polarization. External magnetic field doesn't affect the properties of H-waves therefore we will consider E-waves with components Ex, Ez, Ey.


Africa is the top recipient of Chinese aid. In the early 2000s, China became Africa's largest trading partner and a leading investor and provider of aid. China's economic involvement in Africa has generated much commentary and anxiety, especially in the Western press. In fact, analysts have described China as a "rogue donor" that is propping up pariah states, gobbling up African land, resettling Chinese laborers across the continent, and undermining the efforts of Western aid agencies. Earlier this year, Le Monde reported that the African Union's headquarters in Addis Ababa –a building built by the Chinese – was bugged and targeted by Chinese hackers, who were siphoning off data from the Chinese capital towards servers in Shanghai. Political leaders have also sounded the alarm with Hillary Clinton warning that Chinese expansionism could lead to a "new colonialism" in Africa. More recently, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, declared, in a meeting with the chair of the African Union, that Chinese investment on the continent had led to rising debt, adding "when coupled with political and fiscal pressure, this endangers Africa's natural resources and its long-term economic and political stability."


This paper has proposed an epilepsy detection algorithm to identify the seizure attack. The algorithm includes a simplified signal preprocessing process and an 8 layers Convolution Neural Network (CNN). This paper has also proposed an architecture, including a CNN accelerator and a 2-stage reduced instruction set computer-V (RISC-V) CPU, to implement the detection algorithm in real-time. The accelerator is implemented in SystemVerilog and validated on the Xilinx PYNQ-Z2. The implementation consumes 3411 LUTs, 2262 flip-flops, 84 KB block random access memory (BRAM), and only 6 DSPs. The total power consumption is 0.118 W in 10-MHz operation frequency. The detection algorithm provides 99.16% accuracy on fixed-point operations with detection latency of 0.137 ms/class. Moreover, the CNN accelerator has the programable ability, so the accelerator can execute different CNN models to fit various wearable applications for different biomedical acquisition systems.


Drug targeting is a process by which the distribution of drug in an organism is deployed in such a manner that its major fraction interacts exclusively with the target tissue at the cellular or subcellular level. Magnetic drug targeting is one of the major drug delivery methods due to its noninvasiveness, high targeting efficiency, and minimized toxic side effects on healthy cells and tissues. There are several experimental works on the magnetic drug targeting through microvessel, but very few works are carried out on the mathematical models on magnetic drug delivery. The aim of the present chapter is to discuss all major and minor factors, such as fluidic force, magnetic force, particle-particle interaction, inertia force, Saffman lift force, permeability of the microvessel and carrier particle, and so on, which influenced the drug targeting through microvessel by considering the nature of blood flow as Newtonian, non-Newtonian, single phase, and two phase model. A brief details of fluidic force, magnetic force, particle-particle interaction, Saffman force, buoyancy force, etc. Mathematical models on the fluidic force are discussed for Newtonian, non-Newtonian fluid, single phase, and two-phase fluid model including other forces that influence the magnetic drug targeting in microvessel.


Iris recognition technique has come a long way since a comprehensive method was first proposed by Daugman two decades back. But with evolution of technology and processing environment, several techniques are being proposed and tested. The study clearly shows that IRIS segmentation based on the Daugman's technique and IRIS recognition based on the Gabor features extracted from the segmented IRIS images is the most efficient technique for recognition. IRIS recognition research can be understood as two point agenda: extracting better features from segmented IRIS images and use a better classifier than the Hamming distance based classification. With the increase of number of features recognition error decreases and accuracy increases, but other complexities like space complexity for storing the features and time complexity for optimizing the features by kernel based classifier is difficult. Hence in this work we emphasize on extracting the most significant feature set from the segmented IRIS and project the features in a high dimensional space using KPCA dimensionality reduction technique. The features are classified using Multiclass support vector machine. Results show that the recognition rate and FAR of the proposed technique are very high when compared to Multi Class SVM.


Aims We aim to compare the efficiency of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) with transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) in patients undergoing laparotomic radical hysterectomy because only a few studies are reported exploring this matter. Methods In this randomized controlled trail, 154 eligible patients were randomly allocated into ESPB group [ESPB + patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA)] and TAPB group (TAPB + PCIA) at 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was visual analog scale (VAS) score at rest state at 12 h. Results We found that ESPB group was associated with the lower VAS scores at rest and cough state than TAPB group at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively (P < 0.05). Less analgesic consumption and sufentanil consumption in PCIA pump were found in the ESPB group (P < 0.05). Moreover, ESPB group was followed by fewer rescue analgesia requirements, less rescue analgesic consumption, less adverse reactions, and higher analgesia satisfaction (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our study found that ESPB had advantages on analgesic effect and opioids consumption. In the future, more studies were needed to confirm our findings. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, identifier: ChiCTR2100044240.


There are a lot of protective devices in electrical transmission and distribution systems which are monitored and data are collected from these devices via Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA). distribution systems are more complicated when compared with transmission systems. However, SCADA is not available in most distribution systems where phones from the customers are used as alarms. In the cases where SCADA is not available experiences of the dispatchers and the information from customers becomes important. In this work a user friendly software is developed for even unexperienced dispatchers.


The objective is to describe the population structure of Comesoma arenae Gerlach, 1956 during a one-year period. The area studied, Coroa Grande, is located in Sepetiba Bay, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sampling was carried out monthly, from May 1998 through April 1999. Most individuals in the population were adults, of which non-ovigerous females were the most abundant. The species showed its highest population densities during the colder months.


This thesis investigates physiological-based emotion recognition in a digital game context and the feasibility of implementing the model on an embedded system. The following chanllenges are addressed: the relationship between emotional states and physiological responses in the game context, individual variabilities of the pschophysiological responses and issues of implementation on an embedded system. The major contributions of this thesis are : Firstly, we construct a multi-modal Database for Affective Gaming (DAG). This database contains multiple measurements concerning objective modalities: physiological signals (ECG, EDA, EMG, Respiration), screen recording, and player's face recording, as well as subjective assessments on both game event and match level. We presented statistics of the database and run a series of analysis on issues such as emotional moment detection and emotion classification, influencing factors of the overall game experience using various machine learning methods. Secondly, we investigate the individual variability in the collected data by creating an user-specific model and analyzing the optimal feature set for each individual. We proposed a personalized group-based model created the similar user groups by using the clustering techniques based on physiological traits deduced from optimal feature set. We showed that the proposed personalized group-based model performs better than the general model and user-specific model. Thirdly, we implemente the proposed method on an ARM A9 system and showed that the proposed method can meet the requirement of computation time.


Peri-implantitis (PI) is bacteria-induced inflammatory condition which affects the alveolar bone and soft tissue around implants and may result in the loss of supporting bone. Attenuation of the P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response can be a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of PI. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of 635-nm light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation over MG63 osteoblast-like cell. Scratch was made on MG63 cells with or without LPS, then 635-nm irradiated. The expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins was evaluated with western blot. The production of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) was measured with enzyme-linked immunoassay, and the cytokine profile was evaluated with the human inflammation antibody array. Wound closure effect presented in the cells treated with LPS was observed more significantly in the cells with 635-nm irradiation than the cells without irradiation. The 635-nm irradiaiton reduced LPS-induced expression of the COX-2 and production of the PGE2. Also, 635-nm irradiation affect the expression of RANKL, OPG, and proinflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that 635-nm irradiation could reduce the alveolar bone resorption induced by LPS stimulation through the inhibition of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production, the suppression of proinflammatory cytokine, and the modulation of RANKL/OPG balance in MG63 cells.


Implementation of highway-rail level crossing warning systems, educational programs and research on crossings have all contributed to a steady reduction in the risk of level crossings to North American highway users over the past several decades. Much less attention has been given to understanding the effect of level crossings on train safety and risk. Incidents at highway-rail level crossings can have serious consequences for the public and the railroads alike, especially if an incident results in a train derailment involving passengers or hazardous materials. The goal of past research has been to identify and understand the physical factors leading to these derailments. These physical factors point to a subset of level crossings with the highest derailment risk including train speed, highway vehicle speed, highway vehicle type, and incident type. The results of this paper can be used to provide railway decision makers with a metric for prioritizing level crossing upgrades and closures.


Electro-oxidation (EO) is one of the most promising forefront technologies to remove pollutants from wastewater. Most of the available references have shown interesting results for biorefractory compounds, especially at laboratory scale. However, the continuous operation of an EO process has not been studied in detail, even less at pilot scale. In this work, the EO technology has been applied to treat an effluent from an Urban Waste Water Treatment plant in a pilot scale with an anodic area of 0.35 m2 (boron-doped diamond electrodes) taking into account the previous results obtained at lab scale (electrode area 7 × 10–3 m2). A model based on the mass balance, leads to the Damkohler number as the main parameter to describe the removal of organic matter expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD) at lab and pilot scales. COD reduction is possible to manage by adjusting the flow rate to the anodic area ratio. The main difficulties for the process at pilot scale came from the formation of nonconductive films, w...


The article is devoted to clarifying the essence of the concepts �method�, �measure�, �means�, determining their relationship, the peculiarities of application in different areas of legal reality. The relevance of the study is substantiated, because in general the legal literature does not pay enough attention to the study of etymology, essence, content, etc. concepts used in regulations. Clarification of the essence of concepts should be based on their etymology, and the definition of the relationship, on the justification of positions on their synonymy, antonym, broader/narrower meaning in relation to each other. Most sources, based on the existing rules of legal technique, give examples of unsuccessful definitions in terms of logic and legal language, formulate their own, which other authors are also criticized, and the process is endless and, most importantly, insignificant. The legal encyclopedia clearly defines that the components of management methods are ways and means: �management methods � ways or means of achieving management goals that determine the quality component of management�. However, the modern development of the social sciences, including jurisprudence, is characterized by new approaches based on logical thinking, i.e. the ability of man to reason, namely to reflect the objective reality in ideas, judgments, concepts. The definitions fixed in various sources (dictionaries of foreign words, explanatory dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, textbooks on the theory of the state and law and branch sciences, normative documents) are resulted. In this case, from the numerous materials selected those that reveal the relationship of these concepts. It is proved that in the scientific, educational-methodical, reference literature and in the norms of the current legislation there is no single approach to the definition of the specified terms. It is concluded that most often, one term is defined through another and vice versa, which leads to inconsistent interpretation, differences in application. As for the legal sphere, providing balanced definitions based on etymology, clarifying the essence, interpreting them as basic for further use in the field and applied sciences, in practice � this is primarily the task of theoretical and legal science. Of course, it is necessary to follow common approaches to the relationship of concepts. Therefore, it is proposed to understand the method as a set of methods (research, cognition, etc.). Method � a certain technique, a means to achieve, accomplish something. Means � a set of measures or actions to be able to do, accomplish something, achieve something.


Abstract Brahmanical patriarchy alongside the close relation of prostitution with human trafficking continues to mould contemporary anti-trafficking and prostitution governance policies in India. This study examines such relationships and breaks down how brahmanical patriarchy as a caste-driven hierarchy between the genders has shaped the historical and contemporary governance of human trafficking and sexual commerce, its political economy and its consequences for marginalised groups. It underlines how, originating in the colonial period, the components of brahmanical patriarchy advanced the marginalisation of women in sexual commerce by influencing anti-trafficking governance. In addition, it has produced the marginalisation of other communities such as religious minorities and immigrants, in contemporary times. This study suggests that it is the intersection of (colonial and/or current) political-economic interests and socio-cultural hierarchies and controls such as brahmanical patriarchy (as in this case of India) that moulds anti-trafficking and prostitution governance measures, continuing the marginalisation of subalterns such as sex workers, migrants and minorities.


The implications of the body-mind concept of learning for curriculum and instruction are mind-bending. As educators, not neuroscientists, we may find the complexity of brain research both astonishing and complex. But the overarching conclusions about how the brain functions are neither mysterious nor impossible to grasp.