In this job the efficiency of the finalization of the attack in the final moments of equalized high level handball games is studied. For that reason the last ten minutes of 55 male and female matches of the World Championship 2011 and Olympic Games 2012 where the final score was not over a 3 goal difference between winner and loser, were analyzed. The design of the investigation was following the guidelines established by the observational methodology. An observational instrument "ad hoc" was developed and the requirements to guaranteed the data quality were accomplished. Using the polar coordinate technique, the sequential relationship between the different behaviors of the category system was presented. As highlighted results the following were seen: relationship between the interception and a goal obtained either in winner or loser; the association of throws saved to winner; the relationship


The Southeast Asian countries have been the focus of the attention of major big powers because of their specific geographical position and varied political systems.Thus,when China deals with issues of international relations they are of specific significance.China is the first country to propose a series of basic IR principles,new theories and new policies in the process of handling relations with these countries,and these principles,new theories and new policies have gradually gained worldwide acceptance.Cases in point include "the five principles of peaceful coexistence","shelving disputes and seeking joint development","maintaining friendship and partnership with neighboring countries","promoting harmony,security and prosperity among neighbors",the concept of "harmonious world",and the strategy of "opening to cooperation for mutual benefit".All this reflects the innovation and development of Marxist IR theories.


The recent privatization of real property is an important step in Russia's transition from a planned to market economy. This privatization creates opportunities for foreigners in the Russian realty market. However, foreigners are not likely to enter this market unless rights to immovable property are certain and secure. This Comment describes the new Russian immovable property Registration Law and argues that, despite its drawbacks, it creates a workable system that will provide certainty and security in rights to Russian immovable property. Furthermore, the Comment advises foreign investors on how to avoid potential problems the new law creates. Russia took an important step in its transition to a market economy when it passed a new law governing state registration of realty.' Although not without flaws, the Registration Law offers a generally workable system for registering titles to real property. As part of its economic recovery, Russia emphasized the importance of attracting foreign investments. The new Registration Law encourages foreign investment by reducing uncertainty concerning real property rights.2 Prior to the Registration Law, different agencies governed registration of different real property, using various procedures. Often, determining right holders and rights constituted a heavy burden without any assurance that the determination was correct. This Comment describes the new Russian registration scheme and argues that the new law will further the development of the real estate market and reduce the risks and burdens of foreign investment in immovable property. Part I provides background information about Russian real property rights, including foreigners' rights. Part II describes title registration systems in general. Part III describes the new Registration Law, providing an overview of the registration process and the information in the registry. Part IV analyzes the most important 1. RF Fed. Law No. 122-FZ "On the State Registration of Rights to Real Estate and of Transactions with It' art. 1 (July 21, 1997), Sobr. Zakonod. RF, 1997, No. 30, Item 3694, available in LEXIS, Intlaw Library, RFLaw File [hereinafter Registration Law]. 2. See Ted K Smith, The Foreign Investment Regime of the Russian Federation: Progress Toward a System of Free Entry, 11 UCLA Pac. Basin L.J. 310, 323-25 (1993) (arguing that ownership of buildings and structures above land, but not land itself, creates uncertainty of real property rights and predicting that until this uncertainty is resolved, foreign investment in Russia will be minimal). Washington Law Review problems the new law presents. Finally, Part V advises foreign investors on how to avoid these problems. I. RIGHTS TO IMMOVABLES IN RUSSIA A. Russian Immovable Property Rights A discussion of the Russian system of immovables registration must begin with an explanation of the concept of Russian immovable property? The proliferation of laws that have evolved throughout the 1990s complicates determinations of rights to immovables and creates different rights for foreigners than for Russian citizens. Russian property law is a branch of civil law.4 The civil law concept of ownership is distinctly different from the common law concept of estates. At common law, no one "owns" real property; people own estates. This system is often compared to a "bundle of sticks," where all the sticks (estates) add up to fee simple absolute. If an estate holder parts with some of the sticks, he is left with a lesser estate.' At civil law, an immovable object can be owned by one person only.6 If an owner encumbers the property by giving another an inheritable possession for life, for example, the owner still retains the ownership right even though he has no possibility of possessing the property in the near future. No single law governs rights to land in Russia. Many provisions of the 1991 Land Code7 have been repealed! This creates confusion and requires one to search a number of laws to determine which provisions 3. For a definition of immovables, see infra text accompanying note 10. 4. Andrei A. Baev, The Privatization of Land in Russia: Reforms and Impediments, 17 Loy. L.A. Int'l & Comp. L.J. 1, 15 (1994). 5. Roger A. Cunningham et al., The Law of Property § 2.1, at 27-28 (2d ed. 1993). 6. Baev, supra note 4, at 15. 7. ZK RSFSR art. 4 (1991), Vedomosti RSFSR, Issue 22, Item 768 [hereinafter Land Code]. 8. Bradley J. Rorem & Renee Giovarelli, Agrarian Reform in the Russian Far East 24 (RDI Reports on Foreign Aid and Dev. No. 95, 1997). New statutes governing rights to land include: Decree of the President of the RF No. 337 "On the Realization of the Citizens' Constitutional Rights to Land" (Mar. 7, 1996), Ross. Gazeta. Mar. 12, 1996. available in LEXIS, Intlaw Library, RFLaw File; Decree of the President of the RF No. 1767 "On the Regulation of Land Relations and the Progress of the Agrarian Reform in Russia" art. 2 (Oct. 27, 1993), Ross. Vesti, No. 210, 1993, available in LEXIS, Intlaw Library, RFLaw File; Decree of the President of the RF No. 631 "On the Approval of the Procedure for the Sale of Plots of Land for the Privatization of State and Municipal Enterprises, the Extension of These Enterprises and Their Additional Construction, and Their Associations for Business Activity," pt. 1, para. 3 (June 14, 1992), Ross. Gazeta, June 18, 1992, as amended, available in LEXIS, Intlaw Library, RFLaw File; and Decree of the President of the RF "On Urgent Matters of the Performance of the Land Reform in the RSFSR," Zakonod. i Ekon., Issue 22, Item 45 (1992). 990 Vol. 73:989, 1998 Russian Title Registration are still valid. The political struggle between the communist Duma on one side and the liberal government and the President on the other has so far prevented the ratification of a new Land Code that would be a single statute governing land rights.9 Foreign investors must realize that Russian law treats land and permanent fixtures attached to the land differently, even though the definition of immovables encompasses both types of property. The Russian Civil Code defines immovables as land plots, subsoil plots, solitary water objects, and objects firmly connected to the land that cannot be moved without causing damage (permanent fixtures).'0 However, the law governing land has developed separately from the law governing permanent fixtures. Under the old Soviet law, people could own permanent fixtures as personal property, but only the State could own land." Despite the abolition of the state monopoly on land in 1990,12 this distinction is still noticeable in current legislation. 3 Presently, the same rights that apply to personal property govern rights to fixtures.'4 Rights to land, however, are different and very complex. Chapter 17 of the Civil Code provides for five basic property rights with respect to land: ownership, inheritable possession for life, permanent use, temporary use, and lease.'5 "Ownership" allows the owner to sell, give, pledge, or lease out, and otherwise dispose of the land, provided that it has not been excluded from market circulation. 6 The owner can use the land plot at his or her discretion as long as the use does not violate the rights of others 7 and is in accordance with the land 9. See Yeltsin Criticizes Some Aspects of Duma Lawmaking, TASS, Oct. 3, 1997, available in LEXIS, World Library, TASS File. 10. GK RF art. 130(1), pt. I (Oct. 21, 1994), Sobr. Zakonod. RF, 1994, No. 32, Item 3301 & pt. 2 (Jan. 26, 1996), Sobr. Zakonod. RF, 1996, No. 5, Item 410, available in LEXIS, Intlaw Library, RFLaw File [hereinafter Civil Code]. 11. Patricia G. Woods, Comment, From Feudal to Modern: The Evolution of Real Estate Finance in Russia, 8 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 749, 752 (1994). 12. RSFSR Land Reform Law art. 22, para. 3 (Nov. 1990), in New Laws of Russia 6 (1991) [hereinafter Land Reform Law]. 13. Recent legislation attempts to limit this distinction. See Decree of the President of the RF No. 485 "On the Guarantees to the Owners of Objects of Realty in the Acquisition as Ownership of the Land Plots Under Such Objects" (May 16, 1997), Sobr. Zakonod. RF, 1997, No. 20, Item 2240, available in LEXIS, Intlaw Library, RFLaw File. 14. The Civil Code contains separate chapters describing rights to land and dwelling premises, but has no special provision concerning immovable fixtures. Civil Code, supra note 10, chs. 17-18. 15. Civil Code, supra note 10, ch. 17. 16. Id. art. 260.1.


Pregnant mice and Chinese hamsters were exposed to styrene 6 hrs daily during the period of major organogenesis via inhalation in concentrations 250 p.p.m., and 300, 500, 750 and 1000 p.p.m., respectively. Both in mice and in Chinese hamsters embryotoxicity was raised. Some minor skeletal malformations (rib fusions, extra ribs) were noted in mice but not in Chinese hamsters.


ABSTRACT Background: This study investigated the non-genetic and genetic risk factors for arterial hypertension (AH) in two ethnic groups living in the Mountain Shoria region: Shors and non-indigenous people. Methods: Clinical and epidemiological study of compactly living population in the remote areas of the Mountain Shoria (Orton, Ust-Kabyrza, Sheregesh settlements, Kemerovo region). 1178 residents of these settlements were surveyed with the help of continuous sampling method; the sample consisted of adults (18 years and older). Results: The prevalence of AH was lower in Shors (39.9% vs. 46.1%), mainly due to differences between men from the different groups: 33.2% vs. 45.8%. The percentage of people with AH, overweight, and obesity (including transabdominal obesity) in the different age groups did not differ between ethnicities. We identified statistically significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension according the two ethic groups according to age, body weight, and abdominal obesity. I/D ACE and ADRA2B polymorphisms were associated with AH. In DD ACE and DD ADRA2B carriers, there were fewer hypertensive patients in Shors than in non-indigenous people: 40.6% vs. 58.6% and 38.3% vs. 64.0%, respectively. In DD ACE carriers, more Shors had AH (60.0% vs. 37.1%). Conclusion: Among Shors, the following factors increased AH risk: female sex, age, hypercholesterolemia, hyperbetacholesterinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity (including transabdominal obesity), glucose intolerance, and the DD ACE, CT MTHFR, and AA ADRB1 genotypes; among the non-indigenous population, the main factors were age, hypercholesterolemia, hyperbetacholesterinemia, hypoalfacholesterinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity (including transabdominal obesity), and ID ACE genotype.


As V2G components gain prominence in the power system, accurate modeling of the V2G for power flow studies in the distribution network becomes unquestionably expedient, especially with the need to provide quality service. The paper models V2G as a PQ unit. The power flow studies is developed from Newton Raphson's 3-Phase Current Injection formulation. The mathematical basis for voltage studies is presented. Also various impacts on the voltage profile for V2G operations in different modes of operation are investigated. Results indicate that the extent of voltage impact depends on the V2G mode of operation, size of the network and whether the V2G integration is 1-phase or three-phase. This study would be useful in the design, management, and operations of the electric network with significant V2Gs.


The present invention is charged and discharged is related to a potential for lithium secondary batteries high capacity negative electrode material and a method of manufacturing the same, by using a solvothermal synthesis method for a lithium secondary battery spotlight as negative active material zero strain insert material with (zero-strain insertion material) of Li The lithium secondary battery, the negative electrode material, solvothermal synthesis method, the electrode material, the charge and discharge, nanoparticles, high-rate characteristics


Pointing gestures are a common and intuitive way to draw somebody's attention to a certain object. While humans can easily interpret robot gestures, the perception of human behavior using robot sensors is more difficult. In this work, we propose a method for perceiving pointing gestures using a Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera. To determine the intended pointing target, frequently the line between a person's eyes and hand is assumed to be the pointing direction. However, since people tend to keep the line-of-sight free while they are pointing, this simple approximation is inadequate. Moreover, depending on the distance and angle to the pointing target, the line between shoulder and hand or elbow and hand may yield better interpretations of the pointing direction. In order to achieve a better estimate, we extract a set of body features from depth and amplitude images of a ToF camera and train a model of pointing directions using Gaussian Process Regression. We evaluate the accuracy of the estimated pointing direction in a quantitative study. The results show that our learned model achieves far better accuracy than simple criteria like head-hand, shoulder-hand, or elbow-hand line.


Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) are multi-spectral sensors embarked on the EOS AM-1 (TERRA) satellite platform. Both sensors opperate in different spectral bands, but also with different pixel resolutions. The overall goal of this paper is to classify MODIS data to get an estimation of water surface area, very useful in the post-crisis periods for the decision makers at all levels. To develop the classification technique, the strategy was to obtain MODIS and ASTER data acquired at the same time over the same location, and use the ASTER data as "ground truth". Two lakes in the Bihor County of Romania were chosen and satellite data from October 31, 2002 were utilized. From the ASTER data we created a detailed water mask to be used as ground truth for the MODIS water classification. The percent water image derived from ASTER was superimposed on the MODIS image. A supervised classification for water was performed on the 3-band MODIS image using the feature space algorithm. The water surface area as measured from the MODIS classification was about 16% more than the ASTER ground truth-value. Due to the constraint that high spatial resolution satellite images are low temporal resolution, there exists a need for a reliable method to obtain accurate information from medium resolution data. This approach provided useful information concerning the water classification from different resolution data that could help in the estimation of water surface area from MODIS imagery.


The article substantiates the necessity of constructing ontologies of mathematical models for technological objects of industrial enterprises. For this, a survey was conducted and expert evaluations were obtained, which showed that there is currently no complete classification of existing mathematical models and corresponding ontologies in the field of industry. Experts also noted that the presence of such an ontology significantly facilitated their work in conducting research and work related to the creation of highly efficient production management systems based on models. Such models will include existing mathematical representations of technological processes, as well as methods for identifying their parameters. Based on the results of expert evaluations, Ishikawa' diagram was constructed, which reflects the factors affecting the development of a mathematical model and is the basis for the development of an ontology. Also, to create an adequate ontology, the place of the mathematical model in the hierarchy of existing models is determined. An important stage in the design of the ontology was the classification of existing mathematical models according to selected characteristics, which included the structure of the model, its character, its object properties, the purpose of the model and mathematical dependencies. The main concepts of the models are defined, which include classic and modern varieties of models for technological processes.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Evolving Fuzzy Systems Evolving Fuzzy Participatory Learning Experiments with a Benchmark Problem Electric Load Forecasting Conclusion Acknowledgments References


The paper has in view the achievement of a poll in order to allow the obtainance of information to improve the insertion of the work market process to students in "statistics and economic foreseeing, and economic informatics" - by establishing innovative practice stages. Specific objectives for the research: - The increase of the relevance of the learning results obtained at the work place, by interactive and innovative approaches in the development stages in order to cover the necessary competences and to allow the theoretical knowledge application in concrete psycho-socio-cultural contexts. - Facilitate the transition from school to the real life of the students through participation at innovative programs of practice. - Bringing up-to-date the professional skills of those designated to accomplish the coordination and tutorial activities during the stages. Most industry specialists believe that the data warehouse (data marts) and OLAP tools provide the necessary support to transform large volumes of data that companies working in information useful to decision makers.


This paper describes the firsts results of a project of simulator for powered wheelchair, using Virtual Reality. We have simulated the kinematics of an existing intelligent wheelchair, which was designed in order to facilitate the driving of a powered wheelchair. We also present the integration of modeled ultrasonic sensors in the simulation.


The issue under investigation is limited to the experience of unsolicited proposals in Peru since 2003 with the implementation of the "Decentralized Investment Promotion Framework Law", which deserves a review and analysis to propose improvements to this figure, through which relevant infrastructure projects, public services and investment in state assets have been developed. Therefore, the objective of this work is to establish the main problems related to unsolicited proposals such as the disincentive to private investment due to corruption issues; the existing problems related to the reimbursement of expenses incurred in the formulation and presentation of unsolicited proposals; the problems presented in the formulation of such initiatives; and finally, the legal nature of the admissibility of unsolicited proposals.


The contribution of this work is a new flat-dispersion fiber operating at telecom wavelengths. The investigation of chromatic dispersion in PCFs is implemented by the study of modified highly-nonlinear PCF with flattened dispersion. Required dispersion properties, achieved by balancing material and waveguide dispersion contribution, should be done for wide spectrum of wavelengths. Flat dispersion could be used for dispersion compensation purposes in systems with wavelength division multiplex. The main attention is paid to photonic crystal fibers that exhibit unique properties, being the result of selective doping of rings of holes in the considered structures. It is shown from numerical results that flattened dispersion of -0.025 ps/nm/km from a wavelength of 1200 nm to 1700 nm is achieved using a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. The systematic study includes the description of mutual relations between fiber chromatic dispersion and the structural or material parameters. The results are obtained by using the full-vectorial finite difference frequency domain method.


Graduate students frequently struggle with the ability to communicate scientific concepts in writing, which can slow them back on the route to earning their degrees. Even though the assistance for these children ought to be based on what they genuinely require or want, many programs are established based on assumptions or intuitions rather than the children themselves. This is although the children themselves should be the primary focus of the support. In other instances, programs are developed using tried-and-true models from the literature; however, the complexity of the design is generally unknown because methods are not adequately justified, and everyday teaching and learning activities are not adequately described. In other words, the complexity of the design is largely unknown.
To put it another way, the degree of difficulty involved in the design is mainly unknown. As a consequence, further research is required to demonstrate how the results of a requirements assessment may immediately translate into the development of programs in organizations that aim to construct research writing resources or improve upon infrastructure that currently exists. I explain how design concepts for a week-long dissertation writing workshop were developed using data from a campus-wide needs assessment of graduate students (N = 310) and faculty (N = 111) in this study. The session was scheduled to take place for over a week. The plan called for the program to start on a Monday and go through the following Saturday. The comprehensive explanation of the invention can be helpful for replication, theory development, and communication regarding effective writing instruction because it explains how the invention's primary components and content correspond with sociocognitive perspectives on writing. In other words, it explains how the invention corresponds with sociocognitive perspectives on writing. In addition, it can assist with the successful instruction of writing. Therefore, this work acts as a springboard for further research and the development of programs and provides a framework for implementing the workshop at other institutions with comparable contextual demands. This is because this work acts as a springboard for more research and the development of programs.


We found a significant effect of epoch on SYNWIN composite score with overall performance lower in the hypobaric condition. Within the physiology/oximetry metrics, we found significant effect of epoch on heart rate and heart rate spiked more in the hypobaric condition compared to normobaric condition. SpO 2 measures mirrored heart rate, with SpO 2 dipping more in hypobaric conditions. Blood analysis found that hypobaric hypoxia increased serum levels of Chemokine ligand 13, also known as B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC (CXCL13)) and Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40 (CHI3L1)) compared to normobaric hypoxia. The effectiveness of aircrew training depends on the explicit assumption that inducing altitude-equivalent hypoxia effects via ROBD, physiologically and cognitively, is directly equivalent to hypobaric exposure as experienced in the cockpit. Our results suggest that in a limited dataset, cognitive and physiologic responses to normobaric hypoxia differ from those resulting from hypobaric hypoxia. This data can be used to inform decisions on aircrew training protocols and to determine the effectiveness of Altitude Physiology curricula primarily employing ROBD hypoxia exposures as opposed to hypobaric hypoxia.


The assembly frame comprises two posts (1) parallel to a horizontal girder (6) connecting their top and vertically movable, and a swing (17) movable along the moving beam in the lateral direction and also adapted to rotate the motor (M) mounted thereon around the principal axes. A hoist (10) for lifting is provided with a raised load sensor to record the total weight of the motor (M). The device advantageously comprises means for path computations, incorporating structural deformations due to the weight lifted, to correct the trajectories docking modules and make them very accurate.


A 30-cm-diameter ring cusp ion thruster built as a flight spare unit for the DS1 mission was operated for over 30,352 hours to determine the ultimate service life capability of this thruster design. Post-test examinations indicate that molybdenum films up to 10 um in thickness were deposited inside the discharge chamber and that these films adhered well to the sputter containment mesh. The magnetic field internal to the engine was unchanged with respect to magnetic field measured prior to the start of the life test. Propellant isolators were destructively analyzed and test data validated that the isolators were performing properly at the end of the test.


In this study, histamine (HA) receptors in chick cerebral cortex were characterized using two approaches: (1) analysis of the effects of HA‐ergic drugs on the cAMP‐generating system, and (2) radioreceptor binding of [3H]tiotidine, a selective H2 antagonist. HA was a weak activator of adenylyl cyclase in a crude membrane preparation of chick cerebrum. On the other hand, HA (0.1–1000 μm) potently and concentration dependently stimulated cAMP production in [3H]adenine pre‐labelled slices of chick cerebral cortex, displaying an EC50 value (concentration that produces 50% of maximum response) of 2.65 μm. The effect of HA was mimicked by agonists of HA receptors with the following rank order of potency: HA ≥  4‐methylHA (H2) ≥ Nα,Nα‐dimethylHA (H3 ≫ H2 = H1) ≫  2‐methylHA (H1) ≫ 2‐thiazolylethylamine (H1) ≥ Rα‐methylHA (H3) ≫ amthamine, dimaprit (H2), immepip (H3, H4). The HA‐evoked increase in cAMP production in chick cerebral cortex was antagonized by selective H2 receptor blockers (aminopotentidine ≥ tiotidine > ranitidine ≫ zolantidine), and not significantly affected by mepyramine and thioperamide, selective H1 and H3/H4 receptor blockers, respectively. A detailed analysis of the antagonistic action of aminopotentidine (vs. HA) revealed a non‐competitive mode of action. The binding of [3H]tiotidine to chick cortical membranes was rapid, stable and reversible. Saturation analysis resulted in a linear Scatchard plot, suggesting binding to a single class of receptor binding site with high affinity [equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) = 4.42 nm] and high capacity [maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) = 362 fmol/mg protein]. The relative rank order of HA‐ergic drugs to inhibit [3H]tiotidine binding to chick cerebrum was: antagonists – tiotidine ≫ aminopotentidine = ranitidine ≥ zolantadine ≫ thioperamide ≈ triprolidine; agonists – HA ≥ 4‐methylHA ≫ 2‐methylHA ≥Rα‐methylHA ≈ dimaprit. In conclusion, chick cerebral cortex contains H2‐like HA receptors that are linked to the cAMP‐generating system and are labelled with [3H]tiotidine. The pharmacological profile of these receptors is different from that described for their mammalian counterpart. It is suggested that the studied receptors represent either an avian‐specific H2‐like HA receptors or a novel subtype of HA receptors.


of Concern Gray Vireo is strongly associated with pinyon-juniper and scrub-oak habitat across its small breeding range in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Although population trends are generally positive, this species is vulnerable due to its small range and population size. It may be threatened by ongoing loss of pinyon-juniper habitat, and is vulnerable to brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds.


The magnetically-beamed triode has a structure radically different from a conventional industrial triode. The relatively small proportion of the current which is intercepted by the control electrode (gate), even when it is driven to a high positive potential, leads to useful design properties and novel applications circuits.The cool gate needs no special coating to inhibit electron emission and oxide-coated cathodes are used to complete a robust structure and reduce ancillary heater power.Low gate current results in low bias loss and low oscillator drive power. The latter permits the introduction of a new form of oscillator output power control by limiting the gate voltage swing by a catching-diode in conjunction with a solid-state regulator. Design parameters are considered for this unit which is less costly than alternative systems. Oscillator power may be controlled from maximum down to 10% by the swing of only a few volts at the regulator input. Provision may be made for external feedback loops in addition to a manual presetting potentiometer. Examples are quoted for the stabilization of input current or r.f. output voltage.


Solenopsis mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is a dangerous pest to ornametnal plants,fruit trees,and crops,especially cotton in China,because it was introduced into Pakistan and India,and outbroken and caused serious damage to the cotton in Pakistan since 2005.A brief introduction including its distribution,hosts,harmfulness,biology and spread was given in this paper.


Open Controllers rely on vendor neutral specifications which enable the interand exchangeability of control specific software modules. The basis for these open control systems is formed by a standardised system platform, which on the one hand hides system-specific details, like e.g. hardware equipment and operating system, and on the other hand provides a generic, standardised application programming interface. The ESPRIT III project OSACA (Open System Architecture for Controls within Automation systems) has worked out the necessary specifications and has jointly developed the software modules for the system platform. After a general introduction in open control systems the basic functionality of the system platform and the main building blocks are described. The possible impact on industry is described and an overview is given on current and future activities.


X-Ray analyses of three osmium cluster complexes has shown that two, [Os6(CO)18]2– and [HOs6-(CO)18]–, have the approximately regular octahedral structure expected for hexanuclear clusters with 86 valence electrons, but the third, [H2Os6(CO)18], has an unusual monocapped square-pyramidal Os6 arrangement.


Ultra-high-strength linepipes having excellent low-temperature toughness manufactured by welding together the edges of steel plates comprising C of 0.03 to 0.07 mass%, Si of not more than 0.6 mass%, Mn of 1.5 to 2.5 mass%, P of not more than 0.015 mass%, S of not more than 0.003 mass%, Ni of 0.1 to 1.5 mass%, Mo of 0.15 to 0.60 mass%, Nb of 0.01 to 0.10 mass%, Ti of 0.005 to 0.030 mass%, Al of not more than 0.06 mass%, one or more of required amounts of B, N, V, Cu, Cr, Ca, REM (rare-earth metals) and Mg, with the remainder consisting of iron and unavoidable impurities and having a (Hv-ave)/(Hv-M) ratio between 0.8 and 0.9 at 2.5 = 3 ppm and beta = 0 when B < 3 ppm).


It is not completely clarified that whether different ratios of tensile and compressive stiffness of isolators would affect the performance of isolated structure.How to select the ratio of tensile and compressive stiffness of isolators in actual project isolation design so as not to affect the results of isolation design is also not completely clarified.For these reasons,a high-rise isolated RC frame structure is selected in the paper as an example,considering the different ratios of tensile and compressive stiffness,the dynamic characteristics,the seismic responses the of the isolated structure and tensile stress and compressive stress of the isolators are compared.These results show that the different ratios of tensile and compressive stiffness have little effect on the structure natural vibration period and the acceleration of the top floor,but have greate effect on the story shears,story drifts of upper floors and the tensile stress checking,and it may result in overestimating or underestimating the horizontal isolation effect,which would cause some dangers to the isolated structure.considering many factors,the 1/8~1/10 ratio of pulling and pushing stiffness is is advised in the actual isolation design.


The author describes his experience of using and applying active methods in teaching socially-political subjects, in particular, using the method of projects. Un the process of work the author considers the stages of realization the project on the subject: «Russian Parliament: today and tomorrow», carried out by the students, points out a whole cycle of activities and distinguishes positive sides and problems, found out in the course of using the given model in teaching sociology and politology.


This article formulates and analyzes economic evaluation model for foundation investment on food service business by utilizing fuzzy set theory. In this paper, we initially consideredthe elementary concepts, in the mathematics of finance, present value and future value. In all case, the cash amounts, interest rates and a number of compounding may all be fuzzy. We also applied both triangular and trapezoidal shaped fuzzy numbers. Two commonly used model of comparing mutually exclusive investment projects are net present value(NPV) and the internal rate of return(IRR). In the method, one finds the present value of all future net returns discounted at the appropriate discounted rate, excluding any initial cash outlays. If we had the number of investment proposals with consideration of cash flow, one would rank these proposals from the highest to thelowest and would choose investment in the same order until the investment capital cost becomes exhausted. In the method, it is not applicable to ranking investment alternatives when a cash flow has multiple internal rates of return. Assuming all projects have uniqueness, those projects are ranked from the highest to the lowest according to their value. The results in this paper indicate a successful application of fuzzy set techniques to economical evaluation of food service industryproject.


Nowadays, works on supply chain management continue to expand, which is associated with the speedy growth of technology on one hand, and the global issue of climate change on the other hand. All these factors have contributed to the emergence of a new field of research, namely the green supply chain management especially in the early 2000s. Through this paper, a brief literature review was conducted in order to summarize the published research work on green supply chain management, followed by a theoretical model that combines a set of tools and practices as support elements for the green supply chain management.


The kinetics of phase separation during the curing of a multicomponent system is investigated. The expressions for phase separation trajectories are obtained and the criterion that characterizes the deviation of the trajectories from equilibrium is suggested. This criterion is shown to be a measure of the deviation of experimentally determined phase diagrams from equilibrium ones and to provide information on the mechanism of phase separation.


The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate an autoregressive statistical pattern analysis method for the on-line structural health monitoring based on the damage feature extraction. The strain signals obtained from sensors are modeled as autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series to extract the damage sensitive features (DSF) to monitor the variations of the selected features. One algebra combination of the first three AR coefficients is defined as damage sensitive feature. Using simple theory of polynomial roots, the relationship between the first three AR coefficient and the roots of the characteristic equation of the transfer function is deduced. Structural damage detection is conducted by comparing the DSF values of the inspected structure. The corresponding damage identification experiment was investigated in X12CrMoWVNbN steel commonly used for rotor of steam turbine in power plants. The feasibility and validity of the proposed method are shown.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


This thesis aims at the insolvency administrator. First, it presents in-solvency proceedings history, proposition, and progress. Next, it focuses on the insolvency-administrator, his general duties and tasks, as well as the insolvency register. This thesis is an analysis and evaluation of the insolvency proceedings of the subject Mr. Pokorný. In addition, there is also a SWOT analysis and description of advantages and disadvantages of reorganization and bankruptcy.


Cardiovascular dysfunction together with various types of heart problems is associated with the ageing process since both impair cardiac function and the afflicted individual's quality-of-life with the eventual curtailment of the life-expectancy of elderly, ageing citizens. Systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses have revealed that the potential of socio-cultural determinants of exercise and diets for health manifestations are identifiable.


[ Objective] To study the pulmonary toxicity of the multi-wall carbon nanotubes in rat.[ Methods] 160 Wistar rats divided into 5 groups at random and exposed to blank control, solvent control and different doses of MWCNTs(2.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/mL)by intra-tracheal instillation once a day for 3 continuous days respectively. Rats were necrospied at 24 h, 7 d, 28 d and 90 d afterexposure. The weight of rats was weighed. The broncho-alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was collected and analyzed; and pulmonary morphological change was observed under electron microscope. Indicators of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, including TP, LDH, GSH and SOD in BALF were measured.[ Results] Results showed that the intake of water and food were decreased sharply after intratracheal instillation, especially at 24 h. The changes of weight were convalescent with time, which accord to the different doses of MWCNTs. The levels of TP and LDH in BALF were raised, while GSH and SOD levels were lowered than control significantly. The oxidative stress response and cytotoxicity tended to recover with time, too. Nucleus membrane damage, nuclear pyknosis, ring-shaped mitochondria, break of crest, and swelling of endoplasmic reticulum were found in MWCNTs-treated group. [Conclusion] MWCNTs induces pulmonary toxicity in rat.


Resumen en: Previous research in expatriate selection has employed broad-based personality factors to test the value of personality variables as predictors of perfor...


Indirect methods of evaluation of wetting properties of fine particles or porous materials require selection of a reference liquid, for which the contact angle is equal to zero. In our investigation, the capillary rise method and film flotation were used for: glass microglobules water and glass microglobules – decane systems. The data for the reference liquid and the examined one are introduced into the modified Washburn equation and the contact angle is calculated.


Crime and punishment go hand in hand. A crime is human conduct, prohibited by law, which harms the community at large and is, therefore, taken more seriously than a civil wrong that affects an individual or a particular group of individuals. Itis for some reason that, unlike a civil wrong, in the case of crime, thestate moves by itself against the wrongdoer and decides whether to prosecute him or not. The 'physical force' of the state or the 'sanction behind the law' is more obvious in the form of punishment when criminal law is violated or breached.


Objective:In order to know the clinical and deformity condition in patients with cleft lip and palate,further investigate related possible factors with cleft lip and palate,and provide clinical data for prevention to cleft lip and palate. Method:1433 patients with cleft lip and palate were analyzed statistically. Result:In these cases,there were cleft lip 390 cases(27.22%),cleft lip with cleft palate 794 cases(55.41%),and cleft palate 249 cases(17.38%).In all cases,males were more than females(2.35:1),but in uncomplete cleft palate,females were more than males(1:0.87).In cases of the unilateral cleft lip with or without palate and the complete cleft palate,the incidence of left side cleft was significant higher than that of the right side(3.58:1).A familial disposition was found in 91 of the 1433 families examined(6.35%).Mother underwent danger factors in the first three months of pregnancy:316 cases were found in 1433 cases(22.05%);85.97 % patients were from countrycide.42 cases had accompaning deformity(2.93%). Conclution:.It is suggested that the cleft lip and palate formation may be related with multiple genes and environmental condition in early stage of embryo.


The catalytic asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction in pure water was performed by using a combination of iron(II) dodecyl sulfate, a chiral bipyridine ligand, and benzoic acid. By using the obtained iron(II)‐derived Lewis acid/surfactant combined catalyst, the desired products were afforded in good yields with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.


Learners' affective states play a crucial role in learning evaluation, and the external expressions that can directly reflect affect are facial expressions. However, the sample size of the database for the learning process of learners is limited, and most of the existing expression databases are the expressions of ordinary people, which is difficult to support an in-depth study of the emotional states of learners in learning scenarios. In order to better study the influence of learners' emotion on the learning state, we built a learning expression database for machine learning, and at the same time labeled the data with expression-emotion state, and finally formed a database of 8,000 expression images containing 36 learners, which is important for studying learners' emotion state under learning scenarios.


A Gabor filter-based method for directly extracting fingerprint features from grey-level images without pre-processing is introduced. The proposed method is more efficient and suitable than conventional methods for a small-scale fingerprint recognition system. Experimental results show that the recognition rate of the k-nearest neighbour classifier using the proposed Gabor filter-based features is 97.2%.


Randomized smoothing is the state-of-the-art approach to construct image classifiers that are provably robust against additive adversarial perturbations of bounded magnitude. However, it is more complicated to construct reasonable certificates against semantic transformation (e.g., image blurring, translation, gamma correction) and their compositions. In this work, we propose \emph{General Lipschitz (GL),} a new framework to certify neural networks against composable resolvable semantic perturbations. Within the framework, we analyze transformation-dependent Lipschitz-continuity of smoothed classifiers w.r.t. transformation parameters and derive corresponding robustness certificates. Our method performs comparably to state-of-the-art approaches on the ImageNet dataset.


The normal moving of circular economy depends on the role of driving force mechanism of circular economy.The driving force mechanism of circular economy refers to the dynamic source of mechanism,process and function of circular economy development,which are promoted by the main parts of behavior,such as the government,enterprises,industrial parks and residents.The behavior of the main parts of the driving force mechanism of circular economy is subjected to influences in three aspects: the net earnings of society-enterprise,the negative externality of resource and environment,the efficiency of used resources.


The basic data of seismostation is the first-hand information for the management of station and earthquake prediction. The programming for software of Tianjin Earthquake platform Information Management System used VB language, and adopted Jet data engine to visit Access database. As the programming considered the need of seismostation management, it realized the comprehensive management of seismostations in Tianjin city.


Healthcare stakeholders risk seeing bargains made during ACA negotiations unraveled. But they'll also have significant leverage as Trump and congressional Republicans try to deliver on their healthcare promises.


A program is underway at Langley Research Center to develop a comprehensive ride quality model based upon the various physical and psychological factors that most affect passenger ride comfort. Two of the most important factors, namely vibration and noise, were studied in a previous investigation in which the relative contribution of each factor to overall passenger discomfort was determined. This earlier study utilized a category scale to elicit responses from subjects exposed to combined sinusoidal vibration and octave band noises. The present study is an extension of this work and used a magnitude estimation procedure to obtain subjective responses to combined noise and vibration where the vibration stimuli now included random vibrations. The specific purposes of this paper are to (1) determine the absolute contribution of noise and vibration to passenger discomfort in terms of the discomfort units associated with the ride quality model, and (2) determine if passenger discomfort responses to combined n...


The allocation of a part of the design budget to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is discussed. A modern radar system is selected to illustrate the con cept of budget design. Specifically, the radar power budget, the radar time budget, and a radar error bud get are assessed. It is shown that the neglect of a budget allocation for EMC in design philosophy can significantly degrade system performance when operating in an active electromagnetic environment. INTRODUCTION System budget design in modern electronic equip ment is a necessary process to ensure proper and optimum control of system power, time, capacity, errors, etc. The intent of this paper is to emphasize the importance of allocating a portion of each budget to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) at the time that such budgets are established. The allocation of EMC to design budgets is necessary to establish appropriate degradation criteria for system performance. The modern radar system is selected to illustrate the process of budget design and the importance of allocating portions of the budget to ensure EMC with other environmental systems (as well as between its own subsystems). The selection of a radar system herein, does not imply non-application to communica tions system design. Analogous budget design considerations are also applicable to communications systems but with some differences in budget format (e.g. channel capacity). To minimize performance degradation, EMC with other systems operating within a given environment must be assured. Proper degradation criteria must be established. Establishment of such criteria is, in part, set by allocation in system budgets. The Department of Defense Military Specification, MIL-E-6051D-*requires, for example, that when error budgets are established, the portion allocated to EMC shall be included in setting a degradation criteria. For the modern radar facilitate the discussion the assessment of several to show the importance of sis covers the radar time budget, and a radar error to angular tracking error. system illustrated to of EMC and budget design, radar budgets is performed EMC allocation. The analybudget, the radar power budget with an application THE MODERN RADAR SYSTEM The modern radar incorporates many functions normally performed by a number of separate radars, such as search, track, target verification, mapping, missile guidance, into a single composite system. The ability of this composite system to perform the various functions lies, essentially, in the utiliza tion of advanced system components whose parameters are controlled by a digital processor. Figure 1 illustrates the general configuration of the modern MIL-E-6051D, Electromagnetic Compatibility Require ments, Systems, Department of Defense, 7 September 1967. MODE FUNCTIONS SEARCH DETECTION TRACKING MAPPING DATA CONDITIONING MTI OTHER A Z. EL. ttc. Figure 1. General Configuration of the Modern Radar System


Nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) is a versatile nanomaterial that can not only efficiently remove contaminants in soil, but also improve the soil's geotechnical strength by changing their physicochemical properties. Inert solid mineral particles are the most common ingredients in soils, they present universal surface modification after the nZVI treatment. This study presents an investigation on the morphological and mineral features of nZVI induced iron mineral precipitations on quartz particles. Lead was employed as the artificial contaminant, while quartz was used to mimic the inert solid mineral particles in soil. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Digital Image Analysis (DIA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), laser particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrum were carried out for the characterization. The results indicate that iron minerals precipitated heterogeneously on the surface of quartz particles with plush-like and flake-like structure. They are made of deuterogenic plumbiferous minerals and ferriferous minerals. XRD analysis demonstrated that these minerals are amorphous. The curly flake-like mineral clusters were scatteredly distributed on the surface of quartz along with the of corroded nZVI aggregation. The thickness of the curly flake-like precipitation varied from 20 nm to 60 nm, and 20 nm to 35 nm for the plush-like precipitation. The generation of these iron mineral precipitations led to a slight increase in the average particle size and a decrease in the surface area of the soil. However, no clear difference in the shape and roughness of quartz was found after the nZVI treatment. This study is provided to improve the understanding of mass transfer from nZVI to inert solid particles in soil and its effect in soil improvement.


The cross-correlation problem is a classic problem in sequence design. In this paper we compute the cross-correlation distribution of the Niho-type decimation $d=3(p^m-1)+1$ over $\mathrm{GF}(p^{2m})$ for any prime $p \ge 5$. Previously this problem was solved by Xia et al. only for $p=2$ and $p=3$ in a series of papers. The main difficulty of this problem for $p \ge 5$, as pointed out by Xia et al., is to count the number of codewords of"pure weight"5 in $p$-ary Zetterberg codes. It turns out this counting problem can be transformed by the MacWilliams identity into counting codewords of weight at most 5 in $p$-ary Melas codes, the most difficult of which is related to a K3 surface well studied in the literature and can be computed. When $p \ge 7$, the theory of elliptic curves over finite fields also plays an important role in the resolution of this problem.


IPMC (ionic polymer metal composite) is composed of ionic polymer and metal electrodes on both surfaces of the polymer. In this study, we changed the surface morphology of the ionic polymer by using plasma treatment. Plasma treatment made needle-shaped microstructures on the surface of the polymer and the microstructures helped to form a thicker uniform metal electrode which is deposited by electroless plating on both sides of the polymer. We observed the actuating properties of IPMC such as displacement, force and lifetime by using the laser displacement measurement system and the load cell. Then we evaluated the enhanced characteristics of an IPMC actuator. Oxygen (the chemical etching gas) and argon (the physical etching gas) were used as the plasma source gas and the oxygen plasma resulted in higher performance.


Red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Prichard, is a relatively new pest of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) in Africa, accidentally introduced into southern Africa around 1980. Since then, the species has spread and was recorded for the first time in Kenya in 2001. The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), together with National Research Institutions of eastern and southern Africa, are developing integrated control methods for this new pest. The effects of pruning and trellising on red spider mite incidence and control, as well as damage and yield of tomatoes were investigated in two important tomato production areas of Zimbabwe (Mutoko and Muzarabani). The practices, considered singly or combined, had no direct effect on initial infestation. Damage levels and population development became apparent in the later crop stages at Mutoko, while at Muzarabani, mite population levels remained low throughout the season, and showed no significant (P Key Words: Arthropod pest, Lycopersicon esculentum, Tetranychus evansi RESUME
La petite araignee rouge, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Prichard accidentellement introduite en Afrique Australe vers 1980 est une peste relativement nouvelle pour la tomate ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) de l'Afrique. Depuis lors l'espece s'est repandue. Elle a etait enregistree pour la premiere fois au Kenya en 2001. L' International centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) ensemble avec le National Research Institutions and southern Africa sont entrain de developper des methodes de controle integrees pour cette nouvelle peste. Les effets de la taille et du treillage sur l'incidence et le controle de la peste aussi bien que les dommages et les rendements de la tomate etaient evalues en des endroits du Zimbabwe ou la production de la tomate est importante: Mutoko et Muzarabani. Les pratiques considerees simples ou combinees n'avaient pas d'effets sur l'infestation initiale. Le niveau des dommages et le developpement de la population sont devenus apparents dans les dernieres tapes de la plante a Mutoko. A Muzarabani la population d'araignee est restee faible durant toute la saison et ne montra aucune difference significative due au traitement (p Mots Cles : Peste anthropoide, Lycopersicon esculentum, Tetranychus evansi African Crop Science Journal Vol.11(4) 2003: 269-277


The evolution of computing technology and the ever increasing size and variety of data sets have created a new range of problems and challenges for data analysts, as well as new opportunities for intelligent systems in data analysis. This study concentrates on performing experimental analysis to find regression base outlier and influential point using two standard algorithms for data clustering are expectation maximization (EM) and K-means. BSESensex time series data has been considered for clustering and outlier detection. The parameters considered in evaluating the results of findings are the number of iterations, the computation time and the memory space consumed at the point of convergence of both K-means and Expectation-Maximization algorithms respectively. Outlier and influential points were detected. The results obtained revealed that Expectation-Maximization algorithm's quick and premature convergence cannot be said to have guaranteed optimality of results while K-means was found not to guarantee convergence.


Abstract Trichome diversity in vegetative and reproductive structures of species from the subtribe Leiboldiinae (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) are described and illustrated. Based on scanning electron microscopy, we identified two main trichome types, glandular and eglandular. The eglandular trichomes were further subdivided into unicellular (papillae, conical, and filiform) and multicellular (flagelliform, uniseriate with three variants in the apical cell, and twin hairs). Additionally, the latter showed variation in the number of basal cells, which is most likely related to the type of structure supporting those cells. A species identification key, based on trichome diversity, is provided. We discuss the taxonomic importance of trichomes for delimiting of closely related species and as generic diagnostic characters. In the first case, the presence of glands on the cypsela was a diagnostic character of Leiboldia, and in the second case, the presence of twin hairs on the cypsela and phyllaries of Leiboldia guerreroana differentiates it from Leiboldia serrata.


W ediscusstheintriguingpossibility thatdark energy m ay changeitsequation ofstatein situations where large dark energy (cid:13)uctuationsare present. W e show indications ofthisdynam icalm utation in som e generic m odelsofdark energy.


The world's longest subsea road tunnel is also the most northerly, linking mainland Norway to the island of Mageroya -- the location of the North Cape. It is proving to be a test of both logistics and tunnelling skills.


Given the history of race relations in the United States, and the history of cross-racial services in mental health, it is not surprising that problems frequently occur when White clinicians work with Black clients. From the perspective of social influence theory, it appears that the Black client may understandably question the expertness, trustworthiness and attractiveness of the White clinician. Unless the clinician's and client's perception of each other change, early termination, or an unsuccessful clinical relationship may be anticipated. A number of educational, process and policy objectives may be undertaken by White clinicians committed to improving their interpersonal relationships with Black clients.


Evaluation of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is very important for development of crop varieties with good potential. In this study, Eberhart - Russell' and AMMI approaches were used to analyse the pattern of stability under targeted environment. The pattern of stability parameters of seed yield indicated that two genotype viz., G2 and G36 exhibited high mean seed yield with non-significant s2di, whereas G33 showed average seed yield (mean) and nonsignificant s2di. Environmental indices indicated that environment A and environment B were most favourable for most of the yield component traits, whereas environment C was unfavourable for almost all the yield and yield component traits. Based on AMMI 1; G1, G2, G18, G4, G3, G24, G22 and G25 were found stable for seed yield. For seed yield; genotypes and environments were grouped into nine sectors (AMMI 2). The first sector consist of with environment B with high IPCA score for some outlier genotypes i.e. G25, G14 and G22, indicated that the environment B was better than other environments and three genotypes were found stable for SYP. The selected genotypes may be utilized in Vigna radiata improvement programme at targeted location with true type of breeding lines.


The present paper aims to provide a new framework for the selection of a portfolio of materials. This paper shows that, compared with the traditional methods in the selection of materials, how the new materials are analysed based on new ideas. The case study is materials required for production of tile glaze in both traditional and modern methods. Modelling in this study was done based on mathematical description approach. The results of execution of feature selection algorithm revealed that important factors in the selection of glaze for production of tile in both traditional and modern methods include cracking, self-cleaning, uniformity, water absorption, and market potential. In addition, the results of K-means algorithm showed that all the materials of choice for production of tile glaze are not placed in a single cluster. Therefore, each cluster should be evaluated separately. Unlike the classical approaches to the selection of materials, in the new approach, candidates for the selection of tile glaze are firstly clustered by K-means algorithm. Each cluster is independently ranked using free disposal hull model. Free disposal hull is a mathematical programming model based on data envelopment analysis. The final optimised portfolio of materials was determined using the genetic algorithm.


Shifts in the threshold voltage (ΔVth) of transparent zinc tin oxide (ZTO) transistors under gate bias stress are studied. The effect of composition and processing temperature on the device stability has been investigated. Based on the research, highly stable transistors with ΔVth as small as 30mV after 1000min of operation have been fabricated with a composition of [Zn]:[Sn]=36:64. As current drivers in active matrix displays their stability renders ZTO thin film transistors (TFTs) a very attractive alternative to TFTs based on established technologies.


Increased competition requires retail stores to increasingly focus on improving their customers' experiences. Along this line, this article explores how a co-design approach can help retail stores of outdoor products develop consumer communities as a part of their store concept. Such stores may be particularly interesting in relation to consumer communities, because of the consumers' often passionate relationship to activities related to the products in focus. Two longitudinal case studies of outdoor product stores in Denmark are investigated. The two cases are investigated through interviews, store observations, network meetings, and co-design workshops. Several important findings are discovered: first, in relation to community forms, the article defined three archetypes: business–consumer (BC), consumer–consumer (CC), and a combination of the two (BCCC). Second, in relation to the premises for the creation of communities, the article defined three types: consumer motivation, consumer availability, and consumer homogeneity. Third, in relation to consumer community activities, the article argued that these could be understood as being defined by three elements: the business, the consumers, and the products. Finally, the article defined four overall types of community-initiated activities by distinguishing if they are consumer-initiated or business-initiated and if they have a recreational or goal-oriented purpose.


Syncope is a common symptom in emergency department visits and, despite extensive evaluation, still remains unexplained in a significant number of cases.The findings of this study support the concept that patients with SUA suffer from some form of neurally mediated syncope.


ABSTRACT Two membrane-bound, reductive dehalogenases that constitute a novel pathway for complete dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene [PCE]) to ethene were partially purified from an anaerobic microbial enrichment culture containing Dehalococcoides ethenogenes 195. When titanium(III) citrate and methyl viologen were used as reductants, PCE-reductive dehalogenase (PCE-RDase) (51 kDa) dechlorinated PCE to trichloroethene (TCE) at a rate of 20 μmol/min/mg of protein. TCE-reductive dehalogenase (TCE-RDase) (61 kDa) dechlorinated TCE to ethene. TCE,cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and 1,1-dichloroethene were dechlorinated at similar rates, 8 to 12 μmol/min/mg of protein. Vinyl chloride and trans-1,2-dichloroethene were degraded at rates which were approximately 2 orders of magnitude lower. The light-reversible inhibition of TCE-RDase by iodopropane and the light-reversible inhibition of PCE-RDase by iodoethane suggest that both of these dehalogenases contain Co(I) corrinoid cofactors. Isolation and characterization of these novel bacterial enzymes provided further insight into the catalytic mechanisms of biological reductive dehalogenation.


Generalisations play a major role in social science knowledge. However, their specific features as they appear in the social sciences have never been clarified. Yet, it is argued that the social sciences can do without them and the special methodology that supports them, namely statistics. However, searching for generalisations in the social sciences is not part and parcel of an attempt at making the social sciences bend to the positivistic ideal-type of the natural sciences.


Determine the morphology structure of pollen on some variation colour of corolla Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. (Swartz) in highland and lowland West Sumatra has been conducted. The result reveals that topography and variation colour of corolla C. pulcherrima L. (Swartz) affects the shape of pollen. Pollen of C. pulcherrima L. (Swartz) has single grains or monad, isopolar polarity, radial symmetry, and size categories large. The length of polar axis (P) 58.16 to 74.11 μm, the length of the equatorial diameter (E) 59.86 to 75.97 μm, so that pollen can be classified into sub-spheroidal sub-oblate, spheriodal sub-spheroidal oblate, and sub-spheroidal prolate. Ornamentation of C. pulcherrima (L.) Swartz was reticulate. The pollen has aperture 3, the type pore and located in equatorial. From these data can be concluded that pollen from varying colour of corolla C. pulcherrima (L.) Swartz has same in terms of unit, polarity, symmetry, size, and type aperture, but it different in terms of shape.


The presence of insects in unusual numbers is generally recognized as being due to the decrease in environmental resistance, thus permitting the reproductive ability or "Biotic Potential" of the insect to assert itself, at least in part. Environmental resistance as defined by Chapman includes such factors as parasitism and lack of food, also all of the factors usually classified under physical autecology unless these are operating at their optimum.


A 67-year-old South Asian male with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and ischemic heart disease was admitted with dry gangrene of right leg second toe. Angiography of right lower limb revealed peripheral vascular disease. He received pentoxifylline 400mg twice a day and cilostazol 100mg twice a day for 6 days following disarticulation. During this period, there was a marked elevation of blood sugar requiring higher dosage of insulin. On withholding the offending drugs there was a definite fall in blood sugar indicating a positive dechallenge. An erroneous exposure of pentoxifylline occurred following which the glycemic control further deteriorated, suggestive of a positive rechallenge though it was unintentional. Pentoxifylline and Cilostazol might have induced hyperglycemia by favoring intestinal glucose absorption through increased cAMP levels and GLUT2 expression necessitating management with higher dosage of insulin.


The Riemann solutions to Chaplygin Euler equations with a scaled pressure are considered. When the pressure vanishes, there are three cases. The Riemann solution containing two shock waves converges to the delta shock wave solution of the transport equations. During this process, both the strength and propagation speed of the delta shock are investigated in detail. We find that there is something different from that for polytropic or isothermal gas. The Riemann solution containing two rarefaction waves tends to the two contact discontinuity solution to the transport equations as the pressure goes to zero. The intermediate state between the two contact discontinuities is a vacuum state. The Riemann solution containing one rarefaction wave and one shock wave tends to the contact discontinuity solution to transport equations as the pressure vanishes.


Object of the present invention is suitable for mass production to provide a lightweight and flexible display devices. Display device includes a pixel unit comprising a TFT, a TFT active layer of an organic semiconductor material comprising a channel portion formed in the opening portion of the insulating layer, arranged to coincide with the gate electrode. Further comprising forming a pixel unit change in reflectivity contrast media according to the electric field above the electrode connected to the TFT is applied; or reflectivity comprises changing the electric field applied microcapsules containing some of the charged particles. The pixel unit sandwiched by the plastic substrate, a barrier layer comprising an inorganic insulating material is provided between the plastic substrate and the pixel unit.


[Objective]To research the indoor air quality and influence of different fuel on indoor air quality in new countryside. [Methods]The air quality in room was tested by the standard methods. [Results]The qualified rate of total indexes in Lianghe village,Xiatun village,Baicaowa village and Qiaomaiyu village during heating period and non-heating period was 91.8%,90.0%,84.5%,92.7% and 98.2%,98.2%,99.1%,93.6%,respectively.The level of carbon dioxide,formaldehyde,inhalable particulate matter and total bacteria exceeded the standard at different degrees.There was significant difference in qualified rate of total indexes of four villages between heating period and non-heating period(χ2=20.43,P0.01).The air quality of carbon dioxide,total volatile organic compounds and total bacteria during non-heating period was better than that during heating period. [Conclusion]There exists slight indoor air pollution in new countryside.The mixed fuel which is the main energy source has great influence on indoor air quality.The indoor air quality in non-heating period is better than that in heating period.


A use of broadband narrowband phase locked loop voltage controlled oscillator, comprising: a frequency and a phase detector for generating an input signal and a reference voltage corresponding to the frequency and phase difference between the signals; a loop filter, for filtering from the frequency signal and the phase detector determines the bandwidth is generated; a voltage controlled oscillator for generating a signal whose oscillation frequency in accordance with the signal voltage generated from the loop filter is changed; level detector, the loop filter from the signal generated by the detection generating a voltage level of the distribution ratio control information; and a variable frequency divider, according to the distribution ratio of the signal generated from the voltage controlled oscillator for dividing, to generate a reference signal.


The automotive industry is facing big challenges in meeting the future environmental demands. To be able to meet these demands reduced vehicle weight is an important part. A thorough investigation ...


Long Yingtai is a famous essayist in Taiwan,his Wild Fire Collection Published in 1985 was popular for a time. In Taiwan and even in Chinese writers caused a sensation. The man,the essay and the thoughts aroused the public attention and discussion. He was recognized as the maverick genius after Li Ao and BaiYang.


Financial globalization, by definition, means the integration of financial markets of all countries of the world into one. This is only possible provided uniformity can be brought in the terms and conditions across the globe for raising international loans. The existence of different currencies with their different degrees of convertibility prevents uniformity in the terms and the conditions for loans. Consequently, not only does the existence of different currencies act as a barrier to such integration, but it disproportionately benefits the developed countries. This problem can only be eliminated provided a single worldwide currency is introduced. In its absence, financial globalization remains incomplete.


The paper presents the method of antennas radiation patterns measurements in the near zone. Afterwards, using the analytical methods, the measured data is transformed into radiations patterns in the far field. This technique is used in measurements in the closed areas, which enable researchers to manage the environmental characteristics. The calculated radiation patterns are as precise as the range measurements in the far field. It needs to be outlined however that this method requires more complex and expensive regulation procedures as well as more sophisticated software, whereas the radiation patterns are not obtained in the real time.


This paper presents a compositional approach to the sepcification and anslysis of stochastic discrete-event systems. We present a process algebra that allows one to specify generaliseed semi-Markov processes (GSMPs) in a compositional way. The semantics of this process algebra is given in terms of stochastic automata, an extension of automata with clocks that are basically random variables of continuous or discrete nature. We show that GSMPs are a proper subset of stochastic automata and provide some example laws that are useful for the verification of such models.


Introduction , Equisentum debile Roxb. Has efficacy as an antidiarrheal, antihepatitis, rheumatism, inflammation of the eyes, and hemorrhoids. Objective ,the purpose of this study was to standardize the stem of Equisentum debile Roxb. extract . M ethod , standardization of extracts is carried out with specific parameters consisting of: organoleptic; thin layer chromatography (TLC), and non-specific parameters consisting of: water content; specific gravity; and microbial contamination (total plate count). R esult , the stem of Equisentum debile Roxb extract has the characteristics of thick green extract, aromatic distinctive odor and bitter taste. Based on chemical test shows that the positive extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. Specific weight, water content and total microbial contamination of stems of Equisentum debile Roxb were 0.890 g / ml, 10%, 1 × 10 4 , respectively. C onclusion , the stem of Equisentum debile Roxb extracts have not met the overall standardization requirements. Keywords : The stem of Equisentum debile Roxb extracts , Standardization, specific parameters, non-specific parameters


A fifth ofradiographs unnecessary Doctors have greater scope than any other group for reducing the population's exposure to man made sources of-radiation. Recognising this potential, the Royal College of Radiologists and the National Radiological Protection Board have this week published a report making strong recommendations on how to reduce appreciably the exposure of patients to radiation from diagnostic radiology.' Public and professional concern over exposure to ionising radiation has grown steadily in recent years, with the accident at Chernobyl giving a huge boost to the anxiety. There have been worries about radon exposure,23 wide media coverage of the risks from nuclear power stations, and professional discussion about the risks of radiation to women of child bearing age.4 Meanwhile, reanalysis of the data from Hiroshima and Nagasaki5'6 has caused the International Commission on Radiological Protection to make recommendations for reducing dose limits.7 Diagnostic radiology provides an average annual dose to the British population of 300 [tSv for each person. Although this is only 12% of the overall exposure to ionising radiation,8 it is almost 90% of the exposure from man made sources.9 Indeed, the annual exposure of the British population from diagnostic radiology is eight times the exposure it received from Chernobyl in the year after the accident. Attention has long been paid to technical methods of reducing the radiation dose from diagnostic radiology, and the new report contains much technical detail. But for doctors the importance of the report lies more in the general principles. '° The first principle of radiation protection is that all examinations must pass a cost-benefit analysis: if they don't then they shouldn't be done. A second principle applies to the dose delivered if an examination is warranted and has been called the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle. The report suggests that a fifth of radiographic examinations carried out in Britain are clinically unhelpful. Elimination of such examinations would give a potential annual collective dose saving of 3200 man Sv. The missing radiograph is another cause of unnecessary exposure, and a survey in an orthopaedic clinic reported that a third of all patients had repeat examinations because of missing films-a bland statement of a shocking fact. Repeat rates of between 3% and 15% have been reported and should be reduced by quality control procedures. The wide variations in the skin dose among patients and among patients in different rooms shown by the National Radiological …


To check the authenticity of non-electronic documents, wherein a document has a non-electronic file identifier, text - and / or image useful information about at least one file issuer information and one implicit signature, the signature is a first encrypted checking code, which code is checked by the file identifiers and literal - calculated from the collation means selected function and / or image useful information detection file identifier, text - and / or useful information and signature image . The second check code is detected by the text identifier and a file detected - calculated from and / or image information by the selected verification function is useful. The signature is detected in order to obtain a first check code with at least a hidden file on the issuer to decrypt the information. Comparing the first and second check codes are the same.


Exenatide is an incretin mimetic agent that possesses multiple mechanisms of glucose lowering. It enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion by the pancreatic β-cell, leading to insulin release in the presence of elevated glucose concentrations. It also moderates glucagon secretion and lowers serum glucagon concentrations during periods of hyperglycemia. Lower glucagon concentrations lead to decreased hepatic glucose output and decreased insulin demand. Exenatide also slows gastric emptying, thereby reducing the rate at which meal-derived glucose appears in the circulation, thereby further decreasing postprandial blood glucose levels. Finally, administration of exenatide has been shown to reduce subsequent food intake by increasing satiety, often resulting in weight loss.1

Exenatide is indicated as an adjunctive therapy to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes who are taking metformin and/or a sulfonylurea but have not achieved adequate glycemic control.1 To decrease gastrointestinal intolerance, exenatide is initiated at 5 μg subcutaneously twice daily and increased after 1 month to a target maintenance dose of 10 μg twice daily. Three 30-week studies as add-on therapy to sulfonylurea, metformin, and sufonylurea/metformin have demonstrated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) reductions of ∼ 1% with an average weight loss of 1.4–1.8 kg.2–4 Therapy was generally well tolerated with the most frequent adverse events classified as mild or moderate and gastrointestinal in nature. Severe hypoglycemia was not observed during these studies.2–4

The concurrent use of exenatide with insulin, meglitinides, or α-glucosidase inhibitors has not been reported. Published information regarding the use of exenatide with thiazolidinediones (TZDs) is limited to two abstracts.5,6 The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of off-label exenatide use in patients with type 2 diabetes.

A retrospective review of the electronic medical records of one private-practice endocrinologist was conducted. The study was …


The purpose of this chapter is to focus on some of the major problems of the existing pension systems. It is currently held that those systems exhibit fundamental imbalances which call for radical reform. It is in fact a widely shared view that current systems are unsustainable: hence the questions concerning the design of reform, together with the associated problem of identifying feasible patterns of transition from the inherited system to the reformed one. Accordingly the first issue to be addressed will be to highlight the fundamental imbalances affecting the existing systems and illustrate how they have come into being historically. Then the issue of the transition patterns will be tackled with reference to alternative reform designs; the argument, on this second point, will be mostly theoretical. Finally our considerations will be brought to bear on the actual features and on the current progress of the systems of the five countries treated in this report and a judgment on feasibility and likely prospects will be formulated. A questionnaire has been prepared for the five countries in this project. It is worth mentioning immediately that the problem of transition is currently understood to revolve basically around two main points. A first point concerns measures for starting a path leading from a redistributive or pay-as-you-go system back to the saving-insurance principle or, in other words, to a funded system; a second point touches on the share of private insurers in the pension business. Through tackling our question we expect to contribute to put such and similar issues in a proper perspective. The analysis of the kind of unsustainability involved here will allow us to see how far the proposed measures can actually promise to cope with the inherent problems. The current conventional wisdom on the transition issue calls for immediate clarification. It will be seen below that pension systems can be classified with respect to a number of contrasting characteristics, so that in principle it is possible to think of transitions between all the possible states defined in terms of all the sets of compatible characteristics. However, historically, taking the experience of major western European industrial systems into account, a few specific sets of characteristics need contrasting. Basically, we propose to focus on a few contrasting characteristics: payg vs. funded, defined benefit vs. defined contribution systems and redistributional vs. actuarial ones. The above clusters of characteristics provide important schemes to understand the present situation. Looking at future arrangements and at the transitions to them, it will be necessary to be more imaginative and also think of new schemes.


Evidence of photovoltaic effect in highly resistive GaS and GaSe is reported. In both semiconductors a saturation vs. light intensity at relatively low levels of illumination and a polarity inversion for h v < Eg are observed. The characteristics of the photovoltage may be explained assuming that barriers are formed at the contacts by surface states. This is also supported by a quenching of the photovoltage observed by irradiation of the samples with two different wavelengths. Peaks are present in the spectral response at energies corresponding to transitions at higher critical points.

Un effet photovoltaique dans des cristaux de GaS et GaSe de haute resistivite est mis en evidence. On observe une saturation de cet effet en fonction de l'intensite de la lumiere a des niveaux d'illumination relativement bas et une inversion de la polarite pour h v < Eg. Les caracteristiques du photovoltage peuvent ětre expliquees en supposant que des barrieres soient creees aux contacts par des etats superficiels. Cette supposition est confirmee par le "quenching" du photovoltage observe en illuminant les cristaux avec deux differentes longueurs d'onde. Dans la reponse spectrale on observe des pics qui correspondent a des points critiques.


Single-molecule fluorescent imaging may provide an avenue to efficiently detect the Ba++ daughter atom in the decay 136Xe → Ba + 2e−, and, unambiguously associate the birth point in space within the electron trajectories of the decay event. Chelation of doubly-charged alkaline earth elements such as calcium and barium by certain precursor molecules converts the resulting complex from a non-fluorescent to a fluorescent state. Repeated photo-excitation of a single fluorescent complex reveals both presence and location with high precision. This technique, widespread now in biochemistry, biophysics and biology, may permit a similar discriminating response in a large high-pressure xenon gas TPC for the Ba++ ion from xenon double-beta decay. The TPC measures the event time and energy of the two nascent electrons, as well as topology and position in 3-D from their trajectories in the gas. Measurement of the 2-D location of the molecular ion after arrival at the cathode plane permits an association of ion with the event. Demonstration of an efficient, highly specific detection of the barium daughter would provide a long-sought pathway to a background-free result in the search for this decay mode, of central importance for determining the nature of the neutrino.


Shrimp is an important export commodity in North Sumatra. Demand for shrimp will continue to increase with the increasing need for consumption and industrial needs such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The difference in prices at the farmer level with market prices and export prices, and fluctuations of price are faced by shrimp farmers. The objectives of the research are to examine the marketing channel, marketing function, marketing costs, marketing margin, share margin, price spread and the obstacles faced in marketing. The research area is determined purposively in Sicanang Village. The sampling method used is a census, with 37 sample size. Quantitative and qualitative analysis are used to analysis. The results showed that there are 3 marketing channels in the area, and farmers perform 6 marketing functions, while collector traders and retailers perform 8 marketing functions. There is a difference in price and share margin in each channel. Price in channel I is highest while share margin of farmers in channel III is highest. The lack of seed fires and infrastructure, unorganized cooperatives, wet weather during the rainy season, waste from Electric Steam Power Plant Industry, the fluctuation of selling price are the obstacles faced in the research area.


Now domestic airport pavements are mainly cement concrete pavement and asphalt concrete pavement,but semi-flexible compound pavement has not been applied at domestic airport pavements. To research its practical applicability,the article studies mechanical response of semi-flexible compound pavement under multiple-wheel loads of large aircraft with complex undercarriage. Based on A380,it builds the model of pavement structure and analyses pavement structure under loading combinations( four wheels; six wheels; ten wheels; twelve wheels; sixteen wheels; twenty wheels),so that getting the response of stress、strain、deflection by ANSYS. Drawing the following conclusions: semi-flexible compound pavement has obviously the overlay effect under the effect of multi-wheel loads; pavement structural design use six wheels group as the least favorable loading combinations; It is necessary to use multi-index to control analysis of pavement structure: controling surface strain、stress of the base、stress of the subbase by six wheels group,vertical compressive strain on the top of roadbed by ten wheels group,deflection by sixteen wheels group.


The paper covers erosion phenomena on heating plates in regenerative air pre-heaters. The erosion pattern due to the ash laden flue-gas are significantly influenced by the heating plate design. The investigations were carried out for different erosion stages, i.e. 20%, 30% and 40% mass loss of the heating plate material. The tests show that the erosion characteristics are dependent on the profile design. Profiles with additional The highest erosion could be found on profiles with additional disturbances perpendicular to the flow direction. It became also visible that the undulated plates are much more damaged by the ash particles then the notched ones.


A time-correlated photon counting technique which is robust against multiple photon events has been developed. Utilizing a 16 channel multianode photomultiplier tube, both the time interval between the excitation and the first detection of a fluorescence photon and the number of detected fluorescence photons are measured simultaneously. Based on the time and the number data fluorescence decay parameters can be estimated by maximizing the log likelihood. Results of computer simulations and experiments show that this technique can be successfully applicable at high detection rates of >0.9 fluorescence photon detection event per excitation on average.


town in Transition. The present report is interestingly written, but its loose organization and journalistic style seem designed to persuade rather than to inform. The reader is disappointed when he finds that the work reported in this volume is largely limited to projects related to the field of the social sciences. Data as to the scope and intensity of participation in the various subject-matter fields are missing. No attempt at comparison between control and experimental groups or matched pairs of individuals is reported. However, the book contains thoughtprovoking, practical suggestions for the teacher and the curriculum builder, and it is a necessary addition to the library of those interested in new and significant ventures in educational philosophy and practice.


Statement of the problem. The image of the national home contains a number of basic characteristics on the basis of which can be traced specifically to the national vision and principles of human connections with the material world. In the novel "Tyhrolovy" the uniqueness of this play lies in the fact that the "Ukrainian Khata" consolidated among the "alien" space. On the pages of the novel takes place already well-established, self-sufficient and organized life of an Ukrainian family that not only survived, but also learned new vital dimension. Folk housing in the context appears as the main object of maintaining tribal affiliation to the Ukrainian land. The purpose of the article. To perform the folk characteristic properties at home in the works of Ivan Bahrianyi. Conclusions. Roman "Tyhrolovy" Ivan Bahrianyi contains a number of significant parts filled with the symbols of tribal affiliation to the Ukrainian world. In particular, fully preserved and carefully restored in the family home of Sirko the guard function of these important components of the domestic home space, like images, embroidered towels, oven painted with flowers, carved cupboard. A combination feature of former agricultural world with the world of game is transmitted via the zoomorphic elements of the painting ovens ( former peace doves have become falcons) and deploying a visual of the number of images that are typical for Ukrainian dwelling as the basic form of fixation of life and family development.


Tomb of King Muryeong, located in Sonsan-ri, was found vulnerable due to leakages during since the summer of 2016. This research aims to evaluate structural safety of the Tomb under the tumulus. Site surveys were conducted to find vulnerable inner parts. Structural safety assessment is presented based on both site survey results and analytical results obtained through FEM analysis using the ANSYS program. The underground structure was explicitly modeled to focus on two types of loadings: design loads and actual gravity loads. In general, the tomb does not show any critical deflection increase or damage through the analytical investigation. However, maintenance through continuous monitoring is necessary to prevent severe deflections and stress concentrations since the rigidity of the tomb materials are very vulnerable and likely to be reduced due to prolonged weathering and continuous rain leakage.