Objective To investigate the effect of mental processing speeds of judging traffic lights varying in location and color meaning. Methods 20 healthy adult male (age: 18 ~30 years) were enrolled in this study. By simulation of traffic lights as picture stimuli, all subjects performed a Go/NoGo task separately under normal condition, location-reversed condition, color meaning-reversed condition and both location and color meaning-reversed condition randomly. The accuracy rate and reaction time of the behavior task were quantified. Results The average accuracy rate of the four conditions was 99. 13% , no differences were found in different traffic light colors and different conditions. In the normal condition,the subjects' reaction time(ms) of traffic lights were as fallowings: red light 491.59 ±71.74; green light 487.55 ±58. 11, no difference was found between the two traffic light colors (P=0.522). In the location-reversed condition, subjects' average reaction time(ms) was respectively for red light 606.29 ± 107.59, and green light 593.13 ± 102.45. In the color meaning-reversed condition, it was respectively for red light 572.08 ±78.75, and green light 592.43 ±87.58. Compared with the normal condition, subjects' reaction time was prolonged in the location-reversed condition (F(1,19)=59.77, P<0.01), and also in the color meaning-reversed condition (F(1,19) =52.55, P<0.01). When in the both location and color meaning-reversed condition, the subjects' reaction time (ms) of traffic lights was respectively 502.92 ± 65.27 for red light, and 508.97 ±63.40 for green light,the result came close to statistical significance(P= 0.065)compared with the normal condition. Conclusion A likely "conceptual constancy" is demonstrated on the basis of prolonging the brains' information processing when location and color information changes.

Key words:
Traffic light colors; Conflicting information; Speed of information processing; Conceptual constancy


COLONEL RODGERS,AND AUNT BABA,DRAW THEIR VITALITY FROM THEIR OUTRAGEOUSNESS; BUT THERE ARE ALSO THOSE WHO, COME MORE SUBTLY TO LIFE, SO THAT IN SPITE OF ITS SURFACE WIT, THIS BOOK,IT MAY BE SAID,IS WRITTEN AT A DEEPER LEVEL OF OBSERVATION THAN MARTIN BOYD'S PREVIOUS NOVELS.


Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Computer Science JUKKA ISSAKAINEN: Designing of a semi-automation tool for wireless LAN interoperability testing Master's thesis 52 pages, appendices 96 pages December 2013 Interoperability testing for devices using wireless local area networks may require a complex test environment consisting of several Access Points and authentication servers. These entities are used to verify the correct operation of a device under test. Each entity has several settings for various authentication types and encryptions. There is no global standard for remote (or local) user interface to enable machine-to-machine automation for changing the settings. When user has to manually setup each feature, it is prone to errors. These erroneous situations may slow down the actual testing and therefore create pressure for the schedules. By creating a user interface based on radio-buttons it is possible to reduce the complexity of setting up the test environment to an acceptable level. The user interface takes care of powering up the desired Access Point, communicates with it and restores the desired setup and, if needed, sets the definitions for authentication servers. Focus can be set to actual interoperability testing instead of setting up the test environment. A clear reduction of errors caused by faulty setups of the test environment was achieved when the user interface was taken into use. Also reliability and repeatability of testing got better. This thesis focuses on describing the functionality and the structure of the WLAN verification Wizard user interface -tool. Actual interoperability testing of wireless local area networks is out of scope due to non-disclosure agreements.


The article discusses the current state of the problem of the multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of childhood autism and child schizophrenia, the differentiation of nosology data. The article is based on the analysis of a case of prolonged clinical observation of the formation of a specific defect in a patient with an early and severe onset of endogenous disease, which led to disruption in development. Differences between childhood autism and schizophrenia are presented in the dynamics of differential-diagnostic data. Detailed anamnestic and follow-up data collected over 8 years, data from pathopsychological markers of children's autism and childhood schizophrenia are highlighted. The issues of medical, psychological, pedagogical and social assistance to the child with communicative and cognitive disorders of the schizophrenic circle are touched upon. Variants of distorted dysontogenesis, which are different and specific for children's autism and child schizophrenia, are shown. The specifics of the formation of a mental defect (cognitive, emotional-volitional) on different age stages with subsequent deficiency of personality, features of socialization and disadaptation, accruing with the course of the disease, are highlighted. The necessity of dynamic complex observation of patients on the background of medical and psychological-pedagogical correction is underlined. The importance of clinical and paraclinical methods of examination is indicated, which makes it possible to correctly diagnose and resolve the issues of timely assignment of adequate treatment, rehabilitation and social and labor expertise in the future.


The Jason-1 radar altimeter satellite, launched on December 7, 2001 is the follow on to the highly successful TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) mission and will continue the time series of centimeter level ocean topography measurements. Orbit error is a major component in the overall error budget of all altimeter satellite missions. Jason-1 is no exception and has set a 1-cm radial orbit accuracy goal, which represents a factor of two improvement over what is currently being achieved for T/P. The challenge to precision orbit determination (POD) is both achieving the 1-cm radial orbit accuracy and evaluating the performance of the 1-cm orbit. There is reason to hope such an improvement is possible. The early years of T/P showed that GPS tracking data collected by an on-board receiver holds great promise for precise orbit determination. In the years following the T/P launch there have been several enhancements to GPS, improving its POD capability. In addition, Jason-1 carries aboard an enhanced GPS receiver and significantly improved SLR and DORIS tracking systems along with the altimeter itself. In this article we demonstrate the 1-cm radial orbit accuracy goal has been achieved using GPS data alone in a reduced dynamic solution. It is also shown that adding SLR data to the GPS-based solutions improves the orbits even further. In order to assess the performance of these orbits it is necessary to process all of the available tracking data (GPS, SLR, DORIS, and altimeter crossover differences) as either dependent or independent of the orbit solutions. It was also necessary to compute orbit solutions using various combinations of the four available tracking data in order to independently assess the orbit performance. Towards this end, we have greatly improved orbits determined solely from SLR+DORIS data by applying the reduced dynamic solution strategy. In addition, we have computed reduced dynamic orbits based on SLR, DORIS, and crossover data that are a significant improvement over the SLR- and DORIS-based dynamic solutions. These solutions provide the best performing orbits for independent validation of the GPS-based reduced dynamic orbits. The application of the 1-cm orbit will significantly improve the resolution of the altimeter measurement, making possible further strides in radar altimeter remote sensing.


This paper is based on the assumption that a postmodern man without the Cartesian mind struggles to exist both in virtual and real world. Considering our dependency on "data", this paper will analyze how "data" creates, constructs and manipulates our identity, artificial living and existence. Following the supposition that a person not "logged" into technology and cyberspace merely exists or does not exist at all, this paper will analyze the modes how "data" is becoming the single most component to survive in the virtual postmodern world. It also ventures through the concept of "identity" and its cybernetic aspects considering the fact that "data"


The copious studies carried out on variation among third-person clitics in Spanish — le(s), la(s), lo(s)— do not always consider the fact that these grammatical units are not pragmatically equivalent, and that speakers can choose among them in order to convey certain communicative and perceptive values. Moreover, those values are projected on sociolinguistic aspects such as the management of interpersonal relationships, and they give rise to phenomena like 'politeness leismo' and various strategies towards third-person referents. By means of the analysis of a media language corpus we will try to approach a global explanation for this variable phenomenon.


Preclinical studies suggest that additive or synergistic effects are achieved with the combination of pemetrexed plus gemcitabine. A phase 1 study of pemetrexed plus gemcitabine given every 2 weeks demonstrated encouraging preliminary efficacy against head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).


Steve Grossman, Democratic candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 2002, is president of MassEnvelopePlus in Somerville, MA, a full-service printing and graphic design firm started by his grandfather in 1910 and now a fourth-generation family business. He is also founder and president of Givenation.com, which helps nonprofit organizations raise funds online. Steve has played a prominent role in both national and state politics, most recently as national chairman of the Democratic National Committee, which he helped revitalize from 1997 to 1999, president and chairman of the Board of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee from 1992 to 1996, and chairman of the Massachusetts Democratic Party from 1991 to 1992. A strong believer in grassroots politics, he remains an active member of the Ward 7 Newton Democratic City Committee. He was also a leader of many philanthropic, civic, and cultural organizations over the years.


Fertility is one of the most important components of demographic studies affecting almost all aspects of human life and the most important determinant of population change (Asghar et al., 2014; Becker, 1965; Caldwell, 1982; Easterlin, 1975). For this reason, fertility has elicited huge attention among policy makers and constantly occupies a central position out of the three main aspects of demography fertility, mortality, and migration in population studies and it is not only responsible for population growth but also the main factor determining change in the age composition of a population (Asghar et al., 2014; Khuda and Hossain, 1996; Rabbi, 2015). Human fertility is a biological process and it is strongly influenced by societal and cultural factors that make it a collective as well as an individual matter. Thus a population's fertility is the product of biological, social, and behavioural factors (Dougall et al., 2012; Trovato, 2010).


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to drilling mud emulsifiers. Disclosed is a polyamide compound of formula (A), where a is an integer from 1 to 5, b and c are each independently selected from integers from 0 to 10, under the condition that b and c are not equal to 0 at the same time, d is an integer from 0 to 10, e is an integer from 1 to 5, Y is selected from H, X, -C(O)R 1 or -C(O)R 2 and Z is selected from -C(O)R 1 or X, where R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl groups having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, and X is a carbonyl group obtained from a carboxylic acid. The invention also discloses a method of producing said compound, use thereof as an emulsifier in drilling mud and the respective drilling mud composition. EFFECT: disclosed compound is an effective emulsifier at high temperature and pressure, which reduces the required amount of the emulsifier and the cost of the system; Y{O(CH 2 ) e } a {NX(CH 2 ) e } b {N[C(O)R 2 ](CH 2 ) e } c {NH(CH 2 ) e } d NHZ (A). 15 cl, 2 dwg, 6 tbl, 11 ex


Three alternative approaches, namely the extended/generalized finite element method (XFEM/GFEM), the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) and phase field methods, are surveyed and compared in the context of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The purpose of the study is to provide a critical literature review, emphasizing on the mathematical, conceptual and implementation particularities that lead to the specific advantages and disadvantages of each method, as well as to offer numerical examples that help illustrate these features.


The invention relates to a self-circulation water-cooling ultra-narrow gap MAG/MIG welding gun based on contact-surface-free heat conduction. The welding gun comprises a welding gun base component, an ultra-narrow gap water-cooling nozzle component, a water intake/return valve component, a sealing component and a cosmetic bead nozzle, wherein the ultra-narrow gap water-cooling nozzle component, the water intake/return valve component, the sealing component and the cosmetic bead nozzle are connected with the welding gun base component in a matching way respectively. The welding gun has the advantages as follows: 1, a self-heating component and a component, of which the exterior is easily subjected to radiation and convection heating, are completely free of contact-surface heat conduction during a welding process, all heat is directly transferred to a circulating water flow channel via a pure-copper integral structure with favorable heat conductivity, no component is locally heated during long-term operation in a high-temperature environment, the whole welding gun always operates at a uniform lower temperature, and the welding process stability and the wire feeding stability are extremely high; 2, the service lives of the welding gun and a contact tube are greatly prolonged; 3, an internal filling bead and the cosmetic bead nozzle can share one welding gun base and be exchanged quickly and very conveniently; and 4, the welding gun can be used for ultra-narrow gap MAG/MIG welding or narrow gap MAG/MIG welding.


In this case report, we describe the first case of transcallosal removal of a rare third ventricle hydatid cyst, which can be considered in the differential diagnosis of suprasellar arachnoid cysts. Caution must be taken in determining the best surgical approach to prevent unexpected complications. A primary intraventricular hydatid cyst is a rare phenomenon, which is most commonly in the lateral ventricle. After thorough research, only two cases of hydatid cyst have been discovered in the third ventricle. Therefore, we present an interesting case of a three-year-old girl with nausea, vomiting, and progressive drowsiness that upon neuroradiological examination was found to have a large, spherical, well-defined cystic lesion within the third ventricle. The patient underwent surgery via anterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach, and the cyst was successfully removed using Dowling's technique. Seyed Ali Mousavinejad1, Hamid Borghei-Razavi2, Ahmad Jabbari1, Mohammad Samadian3, Kristen Almagro2*, PAParviz Karimi4 and Omidvar Rezaei5 1Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2Department of Neurosurgery, Pauline Braathen Neurological Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, USA 3Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran 4Department Pediatric Neurology, Ilam University of Medical Science, Iran 5Department of Neurosurgery, Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim medical center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran


Background: Urinary tract infections are the second most common infections in community practice and Escherichia coli is the most commonly isolated organism in community acquired UTI. Fluoroquinolones are the preferred antimicrobial agents for empirical therapy of UTI. However, it is seen that Fluoroquinolone resistance among urinary isolates and its association with multi drug resistance, especially beta lactam antibiotics is on the rise. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of quinolone resistance and its co-existence with Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) production among urinary isolates of E.coli.
Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of quinolone resistance among urinary isolates of E.coli. 2. To evaluate co-existence of quinolone resistance with ESBL production among them.
Materials and Methods: All urine samples received at Microbiology laboratory, McGann hospital, attached to Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga, was included for study. E.coli was isolated by following standard conventional microbiological methods. These isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and ESBL production was tested according to CLSI guidelines 2014.
Results: In a total of 932 urine samples, 82 E.coli were isolated. Out of these 82 E.coli isolates, 62 (75.6%) isolates showed quinolone resistance. And out of these 62 quinolone resistant isolates, 54(88.5%) isolates showed ESBL production.
Conclusion: Our study shows significant co-existence of quinolone resistance and ESBL production among the urinary isolates of E.coli. The result of this study justifies the need for continuous surveillance, monitoring and revision of the antibiotic use policies to control the dissemination of resistance determinants among the pathogen.

Keywords: UTI, Escherichia coli, Fluoroquinolones, ESBL


Depression and anxiety are common among clients presenting to drug and alcohol services. The implication of this is that treatments for depression and anxiety should be available within drug and alcohol treatment settings. We recommend a stepped care approach to depression and anxiety symptoms and disorders in drug and alcohol settings. Avenues available for intervention include: (i) treating substance use first and monitoring mental health symptoms; (ii) treating mild mental health symptoms and drug and alcohol problems with an integrated approach, possibly facilitating access to concurrent computer-delivered mental health treatment; or (iii) provision of specialist mental health interventions by a mental health professional. Decisions regarding the implementation of these treatment options are based on the results of screening and assessment, clinical judgement, and client preparedness to address the various aspects of his/her presentation. Organisational support and commitment are required for drug and...


Persistence of the left superior vena cava can cause technical difficulties during a left-sided approach to placement of a right ventricular (RV) endocardial lead. We describe a new approach for RV endocardial lead implantation using a 58 cm stylet shaped in a form similar to the right ventricular septal stylet (Mond® RVOT Stylet, model 4140; St Jude Medical, St Paul, MN, USA).

In a patient, a left axillary …


This research aims to; the first is to describe the implementation of the policy for overcoming child labor in the city of Semarang, second, to find out the factors that influence the success of the implementation of the policy to combat child labor. The approach method used is sociological juridical The results showed that; Cooperation between government agencies is not good, the benefits of implementation are not felt, budget resources are not supportive, social, economic and family conditions are influential. Recommendations that the authors give: expand the range of services and handling child labor, build studios for children, need budget specifications, provide skills for child workers.


Our research investigates the developing academic identity of engineering academics within the Australasian Associationfor Engineering Education (AAEE) community. This paper draws on data from interviews with nine 'emerging' authorswith a first degree in engineering, from three types of Australian universities where they discuss their 2012 AAEEconference paper and the peer reviews of their paper. Identity-trajectory was used to analyse interview transcripts byfocussing on the various elements of this framework of academic identity development. The findings and discussion focuson those aspects of the reviews and the authors' circumstances that appear to either enable or constrain their developmentas engineering education researchers. The study finds that authors belonging to a discipline-based educational researchgroup made substantial changes to their papers before final submission and we argue that these research groups supportthese authors in developing their academic identity as an engineering education researcher.


In the practical application of the Semantic Web, knowledge bases play a vital role. However, single and dispersed knowledge bases hamper the development of the Semantic Web. An automatic multiple TBoxes mapping strategy is proposed in order to integrate knowledge bases in this paper. First the minimal concepts set of TBox of knowledge bases is introduced, and then the mapping strategy based on RiMOM is improved and the automatic mapping algorithm of multiple TBoxes is designed. Finally the complexity of the automatic mapping algorithm is analyzed with an application example.


The support distance for spindle unit of CNC machine tool greatly affects the spindle performance,and the computation of optimal support distance for spindle unit is a very important work in the design of machine tools.The paper designed a computation software of optimal support distance for spindle unit.The software applied to the computation of optimal support distance for the spindle unit can not only improve the design efficiency,but also relax the designer from tired and repeated works.


Methods and systems to optimize ligament reconstruction Surgical outcomes by enabling bone tunnel(s) to be precisely and optimally placed through the use of pre-operative plan ning systems coupled with precision control bone evacuation machines, such as robotic drills are provided. The methods generally include receiving and processing scan data of a patient's bone(s); pre-determining the optimal tunnel place ment parameter(s) with the scan data; placing registration marker(s) on the patient's bone(s) percutaneously; and creat ing a tunnel in the patient's bone(s) with a system coupled to receive and execute according to the pre-determined optimal tunnel placement parameter(s).


An atomistic simulation study is reported to investigate the capability of dipeptide crystals as reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for water desalination. Eight dipeptides are considered, namely, Ala-Val (AV), Val-Ala (VA), Ala-Ile (AI), Ile-Ala (IA), Val-Ile (VI), Ile-Val (IV), Val-Val (VV), and Leu-Ser (LS). It is revealed that water flux is governed by both pore size and helicity. With a relatively larger pore size, AV, AI, VV, and LS exhibit a higher water flux than VA, IA, VI, and IV. Despite similar pore size in AI and VA, a higher flux is observed in AI because of a lower helicity. On the other hand, VI, LS, IV, and IA possess higher salt rejection (>90%, and 100% for VI) than the rest (<70%). The salt rejection is determined by the electric potential difference across the membrane, induced by the staggered arrangement of −NH3+ and −COO– groups in the dipeptides. This unique arrangement of charge groups is not observed in other types of RO membranes. A higher electric potential difference allows more ...


Th e late Miocene (Pannonian) fl ora of Pécs-Danitzpuszta was fi rst studied and published by Hably & Sebe (2016). Recent collections, however, revealed additional foliage remains, some also providing epidermal details. A well-preserved leaf fragment assigned to Laurophyllum based on its micromorphology proves the presence of Lauraceae. A frequent element of European Miocene fl oras, Laurophyllum pseudoprinceps, is fi rst described from the late Miocene (Pannonian) of Hungary. In addition, a leafl et of Engelhardia orsbergensis is also fi rst reported as a thermophilous element in the Hungarian late Miocene.


AIMS
The study aimed to describe the implementation of a collaborative ride-on car (ROC) intervention by applying a practice model of family-professional collaboration. The model involves specific strategies for collaboration, "visualizing a preferred future" and "scaling questions."

METHODS
The participants were two young children with mobility limitations and their mothers. The 12-week of ROC intervention involved training sessions with a therapist and home sessions. The outcomes included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS).

RESULTS
The collaborative strategies facilitated parent engagement in goal setting, planning, and evaluation. After the intervention, the mothers' ratings of their children's performance and parent satisfaction on the COPM increased by 6 and 3 points, respectively, and the level of goal attainment exceeded expectations (+1 on GAS) in both families. Prior to the ROC intervention, both families were hesitant to use powered mobility. However, the experience of participating in the ROC intervention process broadened parents' perspectives on self-directed mobility and led them to explore options for their children to move independently.

CONCLUSIONS
The collaborative ROC intervention can be used as an intervention for early mobility and a bridging step for families reluctant to use a powered wheelchair.


The authors reported operational cooperation of thoracoscopic lung volume reduction surgery in patients of terminal emphysema.Operational nursing methods were: making preparation of special equipments,articles and patients,making patients in good positions during operation,establishing vein passage and anaesthesia operation,observing patients' blood pressure,central vein pressure and transfusion closely and preparing medicine for the self-control pump.According to the procedures of operation,apparatus nurses cooperated with doctors orderly and closely.The authors argued that careful preparation,operative close operation and strict sterile operation were the key to the success of operation.


We examine how start-of-workday mood serves as an "affective prime" that relates to how employees see work events, how they feel subsequent to events, and how this felt affect relates to objective performance. Using experience sampling and both archival and coded performance, we tested these relationships in a call center. We found that start-of-workday mood relates to employee perceptions of customer affective display and employee affect subsequent to events (i.e., calls). Positive affect subsequent to events relates to coded performance quality, whereas negative affect subsequent to events relates to productivity. We find evidence that affect subsequent to events is a mediator. Employees are rarely able to check their feelings at the door to their workplace, nor are they unaffected by the events they encounter during the workday. These two factors, start-of-workday mood and work events, may both relate to how employees feel and ultimately perform at work. Mood is defined as a shorter-term, diluted response to general environmental stimuli; that is, mood is typically not associated with one particular stimulus (Tellegen, 1985). However, unlike disposition, mood varies over time and often within and between days. Each day, employees may bring different moods to work, and the moods they start their day with may frame the way they interpret work experiences and how they feel subsequent to such work experiences. A person who starts his or her day in a "good mood" may experience a work event differently than when he or she is in a "bad mood." Moreover, start-of-workday mood and the way employees feel after encountering work events may have an impor


Let F ∈ Z[X1, . . . ,Xn] be a decomposable form, that is, a homogeneous polynomial of degree d which can be factored into linear forms over C. Denote by NF (m) the number of integer solutions to the inequality |F(x)| ≤ m and by VF (m) the volume of the set{x ∈ Rn : |F(x)| ≤ m}. In 2001, Thunder [19] proved a conjecture of W.M. Schmidt, stating that, under suitable finiteness conditions, one has NF (m) << mn/d where the implicit constant depends only on n and d. Further, he showed an asymptotic formula NF (m) = mn/dV (F) + OF (mn/(d+n−2)) where, however, the implicit constant depends on F. In subsequent papers, Thunder's concern was to obtain a similar asymptotic formula, but with the upper bound of the error term |NF (m)−mn/dV (F)| depending only on n and d. In [20] and [22], hemanaged to prove that if gcd(n, d) = 1, the implicit constant in the error term can indeed be made depending only on n and d.The main objective of this thesis is to extend Thunder's results to the p-adic setting. Namely, we are interested in solutions to the inequality |F(x)| · |F(x)|p1 . . . |F(x)|pr ≤ m in x = (x1, x2, . . . ,xn) ∈ Zn with gcd(x1, x2, . . . ,xn, p1 · · · pr) = 1. (5.4.3)where p1, . . . , pr are distinct primes and | · |p denotes the usual p-adic absolute value.Chapter 1 is devoted to the p-adic set-up of this problem and to the proofs of the auxiliary lemmas. Chapter 2 is devoted to extending Thunder's results from [19]. In chapter 3, we show the effectivity of the condition under which the number of solutions of (5.4.3) is finite. Chapter 4 and chapter 5 generalize Thunder's results from [20], [21] and [22].


A feasibility study is carried out to demonstrate the application of repeat-pass interferometry in retrieving snowpack parameters. The premise of the proposed method is based on the expected decorrelation of backscatter fields from a snow-covered rough surface as the snow layer thickness increases. Forward scattering models are developed to examine the change in the backscattering coefficient and the coherence between the scattered fields from a rough surface with and without a dielectric layer. An analytical model based on perturbation analysis and a numerical model based on the method of moments in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations are used to perform a sensitivity analysis.


Background: Health message design plays an important role in knowledge acquisition and changes in attitudes towards a nutrient or substance, such as caffeine. To foster the effectiveness of health education, greater attention should be paid to the gist-based design of health messages that include visual representations. Fuzzy-trace theory indicates that gist knowledge can be influential in decision-making about health and medical problems. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different graphic types (i.e. gist, verbatim and decoration) on knowledge of gist and verbatim messages, which may in turn influence attitudes and intentions towards caffeine control. Method: Middle school students (n = 315) in South Korea individually studied reading materials on caffeine under three research conditions with respect to graphic types. Results: This study found an interaction effect between sex and graphic types when it came to student perceptions of gist representation and the visual design of graphics. Graphic types also significantly influenced gist knowledge but not verbatim knowledge. Gist and verbatim graphics were more effective in acquiring gist knowledge about caffeine control than decorative graphics. In addition, gist knowledge significantly influenced attitudes and intentions towards caffeine control. Conclusion: The main finding of this study is the importance of acquiring gist knowledge from health messages, which can be enhanced through the effective use of visual representations.


0. Introduction The notion of tonal polarity refers to a phenomenon where a morpheme is assigned a tone opposite to an adjacent tone. At issue is whether polarization equals dissimilation. Schuh (1978) and Newman (1995) propose that morphemes may be polar by nature; i.e. their surface tone is determined exclusively by the context in which they occur. If there exists evidence to presume that these morphemes have an underlying tone, then the process is one of dissimilation. For example, in the Guddiri dialect of Hausa, the diminutive d'an (masc.) shows polarity: d'dn raagdo 'a small ram'ld'an ydaroo 'a small boy'. However, the fact that the diminutive exists in the language as an independent (H-tone) noun d'dn 'son' suggests that this is a case of dissimilation rather than true tonal polarity (Newman 1995; Schuh 1978). At another extreme, Kenstowicz, Nikiema, and Ourso ( 1988) propose that polar tones are underlyingly H in all languages and the apparent polarity is in fact the result of dissimilatory rules. Pulleyblank's ( 1986) analysis of tonal polarity in Margi treats polarizing morphemes as having floating H tone underlyingly, but they are lexically marked as extratonal. Extratonality in conjunction with a rule of H-deletion generates the polarity effect. A more recent, constraint-based account has been proposed by Suzuki ( 1998). Tonal polarity is a dissimilatory process that results from the requirements of two Generalized OCP constraints one prohibits a sequence of H-tones, (*H ... H), while the other prohibits a sequence ofL-tones, (*L...L), in a given domain. The question "true tonal polarity or dissimilation?" seems far from having a definitive answer and I will not pursue it here. Tonal polarity, although common in tone languages, is never a general phonological rule; only few items, mostly affixes, participate in this process. In this paper, I examine tonal polarity in Munduruku, a Tupi language spoken in Brazil. Munduruku contains a set of nouns that show polarity in a particular context, but L otherwise. After examining its properties, I propose that the phenomenon is best captured in terms of phonologically conditioned allomorphy (Kiparsky 1994). My proposal asserts that


Lymphatic recovery of 1(3)-stearoyl-2,3(1)-dilinoleoylglycerol (SLL) and 2-linoleoyl-1,3-distearoylglycerol (SLS) which had been enzymatically synthesized were compared with those of trilinoleoylglycerol (LLL) and the randomly esterified triacylglycerol which contained stearic acid and linoleic acid at 1:2. Recoveries of linoleic acid in all of the triacylglycerols were more than 94.0%. Lymphatic 24 h-recoveries of stearic acid given as SLL and SLS were significantly lower than that of stearic acid given as the randomly esterified triacylglycerol. Recoveries of stearic acid from SLL, SLS and the randomly esterified triacylglycerol were 88.49%, 68.3% and 101%. respectively.


The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) continues to be the most widely used screening instrument for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the test has been criticized along several lines, including sensitivity to educational level, poor sensitivity and specificity, and poor negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV), especially in early-stage disease. These authors proposed that 2 successive administrations of the MMSE, about 3 months apart, would increase accuracy. They reasoned that control subjects, but not …


The theory,development,characteristics of near infrared spectroscopic analytical technology and its recent application in tobacco industry were reviewed comprehensively in this paper,and the expected application of this technology in tobacco was also introduced.


Buri's method of solution of the equations of turbulent motion in a boundary layer has been used extensively in a previous paper. Since the results of that investigation have not been compared with experiment, nor has any other application of Buri's method been checked experimentally, it seems advisable to apply this method to a problem for which the experimental results are known.


In order to provide theoretical basis for in-depth studies of coal dust explosion after gas explosion in coal mines,the unsteady flow field of gas explosion in roadways was numerically simulated by computational fluid dynamics method.The spatiotemporal relationship between shock wave and high-temperature flow was acquired,and the numerical method was verified by virtue of experiment.The study indicated that the near field and part of the far field are prone to secondary explosion of coal dust in certain period after the gas explosion.The functional relation of region of the possible secondary explosion with methane-air mixture length,and the distribution characteristic of arrival time interval of peak temperature and peak overpressure in far field with axial distance and methane-air mixture length were also proposed.


TYC 3315-1807-1 is an sdB+dM binary first reported by Kawka et al. (2010). Archival photometric data indicate the presence of a secondary companion causing a large reflection effect. Spectroscopic observations of the object were carried out from Vainu Bappu Observatory, Kavalur, to probe the nature of the secondary companion and to understand the post commonenvelope evolution of such objects. Spectral line equivalent widths (EW) exhibit orbital phase dependent variations, indicating the probable contribution from the secondary. A period variation study of the object was carried out using times of minima obtained from the literature and suggesting a decrease in period. The evolutionary state of the system is evaluated and discussed.


Special spectral form is proposed for the optimal stabilizing feedback representation in the framework of LQGsynthesis problem for linear stationary systems. Proposed approach is connected with the optimization in the sense of H2 space. The mentioned spectral form application allows essentially decrease a time of optimal controller calculation and simplify its properties analysis


As Internet is gaining popularity day by day throughout the globe, it has become necessary to protect the copyright ownership of multimedia data distributing in Internet. The technique generally used for the purpose is watermarking. This has motivated the ongoing research in watermarking. In this paper, we develop an oblivious scheme for watermarking MPEG coded video stream over Internet. The inter-frame similarity present in a video sequence is exploited to calculate the watermark to be embedded. Watermark corresponding to a region in the current frame is obtained from its best match in the previous frame. The watermark is embedded during the coding process thereby keeping the overall computational overhead minimum. The algorithm has been tested in terms of the watermarked video quality and its capability in extracting the author's signature (watermark bits). We have also tested the robustness of the proposed scheme against noise attack. Results obtained demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.


Classical social theory, and even more radically critical social theory, is historical and holistic. Neither politics nor education can be understood without grounding in society. Sociologists of education know about the contemporary tendency, rooted in the instrumentalist and rationalizing side of modernity, to abstract educational phenomena from social life, recoding them as individual attributes and increasingly as cognitive processes (Wexler, 2008, 2009). The forgetting of the social in the digital age continues and intensifies the "dialectic of Enlightenment," where the promise of pure reason, above society, unexpectedly returns a desocialized, means-oriented, technical form of thought and a complementary mythical and stereotypical way of thinking, in place of wisdom (Horkheimer & Adorno, 1971). Forgetting the social constitution of political, educational, and, for that matter, economic, aesthetic, and erotic phenomena (Weber, 1946) is only the first step, although the major one, in an amnesia about the sources of collective life. When meaning is reduced to a combination of advertising-like slogans and numerical indices, we lose all sense of the importance of culture, both in everyday life and in social understanding. Religion, which was the first to go in the long shadow of modernity's triumph, was more easily vanquished in the names of science, rationality, and Enlightenment. It survived mostly in compartmentalization, as the separate sphere of "the sacred."


As a prelude to the study of energy transfer in the HF–HF system, the potential energy surface for the interaction of two rigid HF molecules has been calculated within the ab initio self‐consistent‐field framework. An H(4s 1p/2s 1p), F(9s 5p 1d/4s 2p 1d) basis set of contracted Gaussian function was employed. The number of unique points on the surface is greatly reduced by symmetry, and only 294 points were required to give a fairly complete description of the four‐dimensional surface. Parts of the surface are illustrated by a series of contour maps. Some preliminary attempts to fit the surface to an analytic form are described. The equilibrium geometry of (HF)2 is predicted.


The area of indecomposability has been studied for over a decade. Indecomposability refers to graphs that have only trivial intervals. An interval is a set of vertices such that all vertices in this set have the same connections with respect to vertices outside the set. Trivial intervals are defined to be the empty set, the complete set, and any singleton. This area of research has not only helped graph theory to have a deeper insight into the structure of graphs, but it has also been useful for different applications. Decomposable graphs have a natural use in computer networks. Thus, the problems related to indecomposable graphs are not only interesting from a graph theoretic point of view, but also for use in the real-world.
The study of signed domination is a newer area of research compared to indecomposability. Signed domination refers to the process of labeling vertices with a -1 or +1 according to certain properties. By studying signed domination problems, we gain a better insight to the familiar problem of domination in a graph.
This dissertation consists of two parts. The first part is comprised of Chapter 4. In Chapter 4, we study the structural properties of indecomposable graphs as well as indecomposable subgraphs. The results deal with how to characterize and recognize indecomposable graphs according to some other object. For the first section, we characterize indecomposable graphs that are minimal for one vertex. In the second section, we use the structural properties to create k-covering graphs for k > 0. The third section deals with partially critical indecomposable graphs, which are critical according to some induced subgraph. The final section deals with extending the results of partially critical indecomposable graphs to directed graphs.
The second part of the dissertation is Chapter 5. In the second part, we review the signed domination number for several classes of graphs. We then present two algorithms for computing the signed dominating function for N-ary trees and interval graphs.


Procyanidin B‐2 is a compound we have identified in apple which acts as a growth‐promoting factor on murine hair epithelial cells. This report describes our investigation of the hair‐growing effects of 1% procyanidin B‐2 tonic after sequential use for 4 months. A double‐blind clinical trial was performed, involving a total of 29 subjects (procyanidin B‐2, 19 men; placebo, 10 men). No adverse side effects were observed in either group. In the procyanidin B‐2 group, 78.9% showed an increased mean value of hair diameter, whereas only 30.0% in the placebo group showed any increase (p < 0.02, Fisher's exact probability test). The increased ratio of hairs measuring more than 40 μm in diameter after 4 months of procyanidin B‐2 treatment was significantly higher than that of the placebo controls (p < 0.05, two‐samplet‐test). The increase in number of total hairs in the designated scalp area (0.25 cm2) of procyanidin B‐2 subjects after a 4 month trial was significantly greater than that of the placebo controls (procyanidinB‐2, 3.67 ± 4.09 (mean ± SD)/0.25 cm2; placebo, −2.54 ± 4.00/0.25 cm2; p < 0.001, two‐sample t‐test). Procyanidin B‐2 therapy shows potential as a promising cure for male pattern baldness. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The article focuses on the authenticating strategies employed by the organizers of three Bohinj events which refer to alpine grazing and wedding customs of the area. Since the beginnings of these events in the 1950s, it was largely textual aspects that were taken as contributing substantially to the authenticity of the events, whereas more recently temporal and spatial contexts of tangible and intangible culture, presented at the events, have also been taken into account. Over time the events with a mostly staged mode of performance have evolved into tradition. Nevertheless, their mode and the social aspects of the events are not perceived as intangible culture and are not part of authenticity considerations.


THILE EARLIEST recorded sale of books by the London printer William Strahan occurred on June 15, 1742, when he sold John Oswald twenty-one "Scots Bibles" valued at ?1 15s.1 On December 1 of that same year he sold John Noon twelve copies of James Fraser's The History of Nadir Shah for ?1 7s.2 Both clients were London publishers, and Strahan almost exclusively restricted his book sale in England to members of that profession. It was not his intention to compete in an auxiliary profession with those men who were his best clients in his primary profession of printing. A printer in eighteenth-century England might legitimately sell, trade, and buy books within the bounds of the "trade." For him to attempt to any degree similar transactions with the public would mean his ostracism and ruin. Thus, although Strahan's sales through the years were substantial, he never maintained a bookshop and was not known to the English public as a bookseller.3 Beyond the borders of England, Strahan felt less restricted by the professional rigidity which affected the "trade." The American colonies provided a market where Strahan represented himself as a wholesale and retail bookseller. "I likewise sell all sorts of books," he informed Cadwallader Colden in 1744, "so if any of your acquaintances want any I shall be obliged if you will direct them to me, in Wine Office Court in Fleet Street."4 Other correspondents were solicited, and a direct, personal contact, through David Hall, was established that same year. Hall, a Scots compatriot, friend, and former employee of Strahan, arrived in Philadelphia that summer; he was to be Benjamin Franklin's partner. He was also to be, in effect, Strahan's unofficial agent in America. Strahan had reluctantly indorsed Hall's decision to seek a better life in America. In later, more affluent, years, when his extensive and successful business could easily have sustained his sons and his friend, Strahan regretted Hall's exodus and his own part in facilitating it. But in 1743 neither man guessed at the remarkable future awaiting Strahan, and the move seemed advisable for Hall and beneficial for Strahan. Strahan addressed a letter to the Philadelphia printer James Read asking him to find a position for Hall. At that time Read did not need a partner or journeyman, but his cousin, Benjamin Franklin, did. When told about Hall, Franklin wrote Strahan a letter indicating his interest:


The ladder operators for the non-relativistic quantum Coulomb problem are obtained by solving a linear system of first-order differential equations. This approach being simpler than standard ones.


Egerton University with a mandate to undertake empirical research and analysis on contemporary economic and agricultural policy issues in Kenya. The institute is widely recognized as a centre of excellence in policy analysis on the topical agricultural issues of the day, and in its wide dissemination of findings to government and other key stakeholders with a view to influencing policy direction and the decision making process. Tegemeo's empirically based analytical work, and its objective stance in reporting and disseminating findings has over the past decade won the acceptance of government, the private sector, civil society, academia and others interested in the performance of Kenya's agricultural sector. Organization of the United Nations (FAO). ii Executive Summary Agriculture is receiving increased importance in the development agenda following the food price and financial challenges of 2008 and the renewed emphasis on Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets of halving poverty and hunger by 2015. In June 2009, President Obama committed the United States Government (USG) to increasing support to achieve MDG targets in regions with significant poverty and hunger. Africa and African agriculture are emphasized because of Africa's high rural poverty rates. Meeting MDG targets for sub-Saharan Africa requires significantly increased resources. Commensurate with these funding levels are increased needs to quantify and document the impact of USG-funded interventions on poverty reduction. This paper presents the results of an impact assessment of three USAID/Kenya supported interventions to reduce poverty in Africa: the Kenya Dairy Development Program (KDDP), Kenya Maize Development Program (KMDP) and Kenya Horticultural Development Program (KHDP). The analysis is based on Tegemeo Institute's longitudinal data set specifically capturing the impact of USAID programs. The sample was divided into three farm household groups (HHGs): those participating in programs (" direct treatment group "); those not directly participating in programs but residing in villages where programs were operating (" indirect treatment group ") and those households residing in villages where no USAID programs were operating (" control group ") (Figure ES). net poverty in the direct treatment group decreased by 4.9 percentage points, a decline attributable to the USAID programs. Among indirect beneficiaries of the programs, a net poverty rate reduction of 9.9 points is attributable to the USAID/Kenya supported interventions. Between 2006 and 2008, poverty among female-headed households potentially benefitting from the USAID programs declined from 76% to 67%. List of Figures Figure 1. John Oneko's cabbage is ready to harvest. Oneko was …


Maker communities and hacker spaces engaged in tangible computing are popping up in and outside the academic setting driven by curiosity and a desire to learn. This workshop is concerned with how making can be and has been used in an academic setting. Making shifts the focus of education from prescribed tasks towards what people want to know or do.


Control of foot-and-mouth disease involves both vaccination and controversial "stamping out" policies. Two fundamental problems remain to be understood before more effective control measures can be put in place. These problems are the foot-and-mouth disease virus [FMDV] "carrier state" and the short term duration of protection and serum neutralising antibody titres after vaccination which contrasts with the prolonged duration of immunity after natural infection. We have shown by laser capture microdissection in combination with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical analysis and corroborate by in situ hybridization that FMDV locates rapidly to, and is maintained in, the light zone of germinal centres following primary infection of naïve cattle. We propose that maintenance of non-replicating FMDV in these sites represents a source of persisting infectious virus and also contributes to the generation of long-lasting antibody responses against neutralising epitopes of the virus.


We propose and analyze a magnetically controlled InSb-dielectric multi-layered structure with ability of subwavelength resolution at THz region. This layered structure can resolve subwavelength structures at different frequencies changing the magnitude of external magnetic field.


Integrated interconnect nested body (104) for for supplying an electrical connection. The interface structure includes a lead nest of the bond pad to electrically interface to the (116-1 and 116-2) (112, 114). The nested bond pads are fabricated on microstructures, and supplies an interface to the drive circuit for the transducer element of the slider or head is supported by the microstructure (160) (106).


progenies from the crosses between 'Caribo' monosomic lines and 'Diplomat' revealed significant differences in plant height in 7 populations. Well known effects of monosomic constritution of group 2 homoeologues and chromosome 5A sufficiently well explain reduced or increased plant height in these crosses respectively. Minor gene effects were recognized from 'Diplomat' chromosomes 3B, 6A and 7A and interpreted to explain or to contribute to genetic control of the rather small differences in plant height between cv. 'Caribo' and 'Diplomat'.


1. We compared the effects of inhibiting nitric oxide synthase (NOS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and K+ channel activation on dilator responses to acetylcholine (ACh) in rat resistance (hindquarters) and conduit arteries (thoracic aorta).


158 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication © Copyright: All rights reserved. Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.A58140510121 DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.A5814.0510121 Abstract: Toxic comments are the comments found in the online forums that are rude, offensive, or unfair and usually cause many users to exit the conversation. The threat of bullying and abuse on the internet obstructs the free exchange of ideas by limiting people's opposing viewpoints. Most of the Websites fail to successfully facilitate healthy conversations, leading them to either restrict or disable user comments entirely. This paper would explore the scope of online abuse and categorize them into different labels to assess the toxicity as accurately as possible using machine learning algorithms.


The aim of this paper is to make a revised algorithm in order to fetch the longest common subsequence from the given two strings 'X' and 'Y' for DNA matching in molecular biology etc. The revised algorithm prominence on the running time optimization and reduces the space and time complexity. The analysis of comparison between revised and current dynamic LCS has also performed. Moreover, the anticipated significance of this algorithm is to apply this algorithm in multiple sequences.


ABSTRACT The Jackfork Group is one of the major stratigraphic units of the Carboniferous flysch succession that is exposed in the central Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma. In an idealized shelf-to-basin transect (northwest to southeast) the group thickens from 810 ft to 6900 ft, with sandstones being the dominant lithology. Using the methodology of Morris and others (1979) flysch facies can be recognized in the field by rock composition and bedding characteristics. Facies show a northerly decrease in the number of thick, 3A facies sandstone-on-sandstone, rubble bed and fans (2B facies) and 2C facies. The thicker successions of Jackfork sandstones are thought to have been confined in a basinal position by large-scale escarpments created by down-to-the-basin normal faults. This tectonic activity may also have generated rubble fans and beds within the Jackfork Group, intermittently stacking and commingling them with the westward-building deep-sea fan complex.


The preparation of functionalized thiaphenalene derivatives is of high synthetic value, yet remains underexplored. Herein, we report an efficient approach for the synthesis of 1-thiaphenalene derivatives through radical cyclization of 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chlorides with alkynes. A variety of 1-thiaphenalene derivatives are readily furnished, otherwise difficult to prepare by present methods. The protocol features mild photocatalytic conditions, broad functional group compatibility and high product diversity.


The invention belongs to the field of researching and application of biomedicine and particularly relates to human pluripotent stem cell-hereditary cardiomyopathy cardiac muscle cells and a preparation method thereof. The invention provides a human hereditary cardiomyopathy-pluripotent stem cell, which is constructed by means of TALEN or CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing technology. The human hereditary cardiomyopathy cardiac muscle cell can be combined with any scaffold materials to culture various in-vitro human hereditary cardiomyopathy cardiac muscle tissues. The human hereditary cardiomyopathy cardiac muscle cells in the invention have disease phenotypes and electrophysiology change being similar as the cardiac muscle cells of human hereditary cardiomyopathy patients. The human hereditary cardiomyopathy cardiac muscle cells are wide in sources and can be cultured in-vitro for a long time. The invention provides excellent tools and platforms for researching an effective new therapy means and researching an effective corresponding treatment medicine.


T H E C O N C E P T of a closed ecologic .system in its entirety has existed for a number of years in the mind .of one of our foremost scientists in the field of Space Medicine. Dr. Hubertus Strughold had envisioned man on extended flights into space, his respiratory requirements to be met by an appa.ratt~s termed a photosynthetic gas exchanger. T,his brilliant idea began to assume its place in reality when Doer:or Strughold as Chief of the Department o,f Space Medicine, Sc,h,ool .of Aviation Medicine, contacted Dr. Jack Myers and a young graduate student, J. Nell Phillips, at the University of Texas regarding ~he project on May 14, 1952. On May 17, 1952, J. Nell Phillips, who recently joined the School .of Aviation Medicine staff, was en,co,uraged by Doctor Strughold's enthusiastic discussion and submitted a research proposal entitled "Development of Balanced Respiratory Systems between Plants and Animals for Closed Systems," a proposal which is now recognized as the first known written document concerning the use of a photosynthetic gas exchanger. In 1960, the 'same requirements for a closed system exist as in 1952. The original justification for the pro,blem written in May 19'52, is still applicable


The Channel Network model describes the fluid flow and solute transport in fractured media. The model is based on field observations, which indicate that flow and transport take place in a three-dimensional network of connected channels. The channels are generated in the model from observed stochastic distributions and solute transport is modeled taking into account advection and rock interactions, such as matrix diffusion and sorption within the rock. The most important site-specific data for the Channel Network model are the conductance distribution of the channels and the flow-wetted surface. The latter is the surface area of the rock in contact with the flowing water. These parameters may be estimated from hydraulic measurements. For the Aespoe site, several borehole data sets are available, where a packer distance of 3 meters was used. Numerical experiments were performed in order to study the uncertainties in the determination of the flow-wetted surface and conductance distribution. Synthetic data were generated along a borehole and hydraulic tests with different packer distances were simulated. The model has previously been used to study the Long-term Pumping and Tracer Test (LPT2) carried out in the Aespoe Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in Sweden, where the distance travelled by the tracersmore » was of the order hundreds of meters. Recently, the model has been used to simulate the tracer tests performed in the TRUE experiment at HRL, with travel distance of the order of tens of meters. Several tracer tests with non-sorbing and sorbing species have been performed.« less


A novel laser self-mixing interferometry vibration measurement algorithm based on the local maximum detection technique is proposed, that can reconstruct micro vibrations rapidly and easily. In this article, the principles of the local maximum detection algorithm are analyzed in detail, and the process of solving the window function is emphasized. The major advantage of the method is that it does not involve any complicated calculations and removes the need for optical/electromechanical components. The validity of the presented method is confirmed by means of simulated signals and demonstrated via several experiments for harmonic and aleatory motion.


The early patterns of finance in a twentieth-century transportation industry are examined by Professor Rae. His analysis is especially illustrative of the problems of companies manufacturing a product to highly exacting technical standards and for sale to a limited number of customers.


between Golden Gate Park and Burlingame. Since the beginning of the 20th century groundwater from the Basin has been used for drinking water and irrigation purposes. Unfortunately, the basin wide potentiometric surface has gradually declined and saltwater intrusion from the Pacific Ocean is threatening this fragile aquifer system. Several studies have looked at groundwater movement within the Basin (Boone, Cook and Associates (1987), Yates et al. (1990), Applied Consultants (1991), Geo/Resources Consultants (1993), Phillips et al. (1993), CH2Mhill (1997)); unfortunately, all of the studies assumed horizontal layering of the hydrostratigraphic units. However, recent studies indicate that tectonic deformation and intense folding has altered the stratigraphy of the Westside Basin close to the Pacific Ocean (Bonilla (1998), Barr (1999)). Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to delineate hydrostratigraphic units within the Westside Basin by using tritium, helium, and oxygen isotopes in conjunction with general mineral water quality data, water level data, and geologic cross-sections to depict the subsurface hydrogeology of the system. Our results indicate that the upper part of the Merced Formation (sequences P through Z of Clifton and Hunter (1991, 1999)) forms the major hydrostratigraphic units where groundwater is extracted, and that the Serra Fault separates the upper part of the Merced from the lower part (below sequence P) along most of its extent. In addition, thick clay layers, observed in well logs and identified in cross sections, were tentatively correlated with sequences W and S2. Difference in water chemistry and isotpic age indicate that these clay layers work as aquitards between the hydrostratigraphic units. The Westside Groundwater Basin is a coastal aquifer system located on the San Francisco Peninsula between Golden Gate Park and Burlingame. Since the beginning of the 20th century groundwater from the Basin has been used for drinking water and irrigation purposes. Unfortunately, the basin wide potentiometric surface has gradually declined and saltwater intrusion from the Pacific Ocean is threatening this fragile aquifer system. Several studies have looked at groundwater movement within the Basin (Boone, Cook and Associates (1987), Yates et al. (1990), Applied Consultants (1991), Geo/Resources Consultants (1993), Phillips et al. (1993), CH2Mhill (1997)); unfortunately, all of the studies assumed horizontal layering of the hydrostratigraphic units. However, recent studies indicate that tectonic deformation and intense folding has altered the stratigraphy of the Westside Basin close to the Pacific Ocean (Bonilla (1998), Barr (1999)). Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to delineate hydrostratigraphic units within the Westside Basin by using tritium, helium, and oxygen isotopes in conjunction with general mineral water quality data, water level data, and geologic cross-sections to depict the subsurface hydrogeology of the system. Our results indicate that the upper part of the Merced Formation (sequences P through Z of Clifton and Hunter (1991, 1999)) forms the major hydrostratigraphic units where groundwater is extracted, and that the Serra Fault separates the upper part of the Merced from the lower part (below sequence P) along most of its extent. In addition, thick clay layers, observed in well logs and identified in cross sections, were tentatively correlated with sequences W and S2. Difference in water chemistry and isotpic age indicate that these clay layers work as aquitards between the hydrostratigraphic units. Abstract (H52B-0864) Abstract (H52B-0864) Erdmann H. Rogge and Matthew J. La Force


Traditional attempts to control the speeds of commuter-type traffic in residential areas through the use of traffic control devices such as stop signs, warning signs and coordinated traffic signal systems have only been partially successful. A consideration of the residents demands, the benefits and costs of reducing the prevailing speeds, and the rights and needs of pedestrians and motorists for mobility and safety, led to proposal to evaluate a rest-in-red traffic signal operation. The traffic signal operation was put into effect in May 1976 and was accomplished by installing a singer 2200 controller and inductive loop detectors on a specified avenue. The rest-in-red traffic signal operation was evaluated with respect to speed, capacity, delay, accidents, reliability, and cost. The study demonstrated that the rest-in-red operation could be used to reduce average speeds significantly and safely within 600 feet approaching and departing a traffic signal. The reduction in accidents was not significant where the accident rate was already low, and the cost of the installation was not justified by traditional cost/benefit comparisons. It is noted that the rest-in-red operation could be used as an alternative traffic management tool to control speeds safely under certain conditions. Lastly, the selective conversion of existing signals meeting specific criteria may be expected to produce desirable results at a relatively low cost.


We report the results of a molecular dynamics (MD) study of the effects of confinement and molecular crowding on the thermodynamics and kinetics of folding of a 46 residue off-lattice minimalist β-barrel protein. Crowding was mimicked by restricting the protein to a sphere with a soft well repulsive potential. MD simulations were performed on the protein in an unconfined environment, as well as confined to spheres of two different radii, 5.88σ and 11.76σ. Here, σ is the bond length between two adjacent residues and the radius of gyration of the protein in its native state is 2.87σ. We find that for the larger sphere (11.76σ), the folding and collapse temperatures are virtually unchanged from their bulk values, but the average folding time is decreased by 35%. By contrast, the smaller sphere has a much more significant thermodynamic effect (the folding temperature is raised by 28%) but the average folding time is only decreased by 58%. Confinement is also seen to restrict the conformational space accessible to the protein in its denatured state. In addition, confinement appears to change the folding mechanism for this protein, as long-lived intermediates present in the bulk are both modified and have shorter lifetimes when the protein is confined.


Excitation processes and transport of recoiled and secondary electrons generated in fullerite and metal films under photons and electron irradiation were studied by computer simulation. Studied processes resulting in polymerization of fullerite were considered as the basic ones in formation of a pixel in electron nanolithography with fullerite film as an electron-beam resist. Reliability of the computer model and the important role of secondary electrons in the process of pixel formation were confirmed by comparison of the sizes of the calculated secondary electron swarm and the experimental cluster-pixel obtained previously. The photoelectron yield dependence on the incident photon's energy was also obtained with the same computer model for metal foils which can be used as a radiation strip-detector.


The method of upper and lower solutions is a main tool to prove the existence of periodic solutions to periodic differential equations. It is known that, in general, the method does not extend to the almost periodic case. The aim of the present paper is to show that, however, something interesting survives: if the classical assumptions of the method are satisfied, then the expected existence result holds generically in the limit periodic framework.


Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) are intended to assist the bridge manager in cost-effectively addressing the bridge infrastructure needs. Typical decision support that a comprehensive BMS should provide include: easy data storage, access and retrieval of bridge related information, assessment of bridge needs, evaluation and cost estimating of relevant, alternate strategies for possible timely inclusion in optimized capital and maintenance programs as well as network and project level forecasting and trend analysis. This paper specifically focuses on major bridge related decisions bridge managers face, at both the network and project level, and the types of decision support needed for assuring appropriateness and cost-effectiveness of those decisions. It also discusses the data sources that can be used to provide this decision support.


Objective
To explore the application effects of Rockall risk score combined with stratified nursing among acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (AUGH) patients.

Methods
From March 2017 to May 2018, we selected 121 AUGH patients at Chun'an First People's Hospital in observation group by convenience sampling method. From January 2016 to February 2017, we selected 109 AUGH patients in control group. Control group carried out routine nursing strategy, while observation group received the nursing model of Rockall risk score combined with stratified nursing. We compared the hemostasis time, hospital stay, rate of re-bleeding, mortality rate, incidence of complication and patient satisfaction with nursing.

Results
The hemostasis time and hospital stay of patients in observation group were less than those in control group with statistical differences [ (2.52±0.73) d vs. (3.14±0.85) d, P 0.05) . Patient satisfaction with nursing professional skill, service attitudes, nursing management, care for patients and health education of observation group were higher than those of control group with statistical differences (P<0.01) .

Conclusions
Rockall risk score combined with stratified nursing can effectively shorten the hemostasis time and hospital stay of AUGH patients, and improve patients' clinical outcomes, and help improve the nurse-patient relationship which is worthy of being widely used in clinical application.

Key words:
Nursing care; Stratified nursing; Rockall risk score; Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage


We investigated the transient thermal behavior of vitreous in order to understand the local thermal effects of laser output, and to predict the potential for unintentional injury during Er:YAG laser vitreoretinal surgery.


not unique to his theory. Metaphorically, at least, the &dquo;family of life&dquo; message is compatible with most religious traditions, including the Judaeo-Christian, and lip service is paid to it, when appropriate, by almost everyone. Modem science has deepened and extended this idea. Ecology teaches us that the very matter we are made of springs from the earth, returns to it, and is recycled into other organisms in the family. Cosmology teaches us that the earth itself and the sun formed form a cloud of gas and dust left from the explosion of an earlier star. As


The rheological properties of nanometric tungsten disulphide (WS 2 ) nanoparticles oil lubricants and its tribological performance with two hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and carbon steel are examined. These two oils are used to reduce wear and friction and to explore the actions via tribological pin-on-disk tests. The pin was made from hypereutectic Al-Si alloy on steel disk, taking into consideration the effect of loads (10, 20, 30 N) and different speed (200, 300, 400 rpm). Oils with and without WS 2 nanoparticles reveal the loss rate due to friction. The results show that WS 2 nanoparticles oil-dispersed lubricants are capable of reducing wear, improved by a mechanism which was characterized not only by the viscosity of the WS 2 nanoparticles suspensions but also the promotion of contact's surface as combined anti-corrosion, as well as effective reduction of friction on the surface film. Therefore, a lubricant added to nanoparticles can protect the piston surface.


. The digital economy is a new driving force for the development of various industries today, and digital circulation, as an important part of the digital economy, promotes the process of rural modernization by promoting industrial integration in rural areas. Based on the provincial panel data from 2013 to 2020, this paper constructs the index system of digital circulation and the integration of three industries in rural areas respectively, uses the entropy method to comprehensively evaluate the level of digital circulation and the integration of three industries, and analyzes the impact relationship between them through regression model. The results indicate that digital circulation can have a positive impact on industrial integration in rural areas through the digital upgrading of circulation facilities, the digitization of circulation channels, and the level of digital finance. Therefore, in order to promote the integration of rural industries and promote rural modernization, it is necessary to actively carry out digital upgrading of infrastructure, strengthen the digital transformation of circulation channels, and expand the depth and breadth of digital financial coverage.


This contribution is based on a new interpretation of the well-known passage found in the Description of the church of the Holy Apostles at Constantinople by Nikolaos Mesarites (XXVIII, 63.18-64.3 Heisenberg = 910b.[23] Downey), normally dated to the late twelfth century. It provides a reappraisal of the question regarding the Byzantine painter Eulalios and his alleged self-portrait in one of the scenes of the monument's decorative cycle.


Judgement of guide sign is one of the difficult tasks for elderly drivers, sincethey are weakin the task of recognition and judgement of traffic circumstances in a short time. The purpose of the presentpaper is to evalua to driver judgementtime of guide sign and to develop a system to estimate those abilities of elderly drivers with Computer Graphics.In this study, two types of driver judgements are determined. The one is the place name judgement, which is the direction judgement of the place on the guide sign. The other is the direction judgement, which is the one not on the guide sign.Conclusions obtained are as follows.(1) Computer graphics are available to estimate many kindsof driving judgement times.(2) Direction judgement takes much time than the name place judgement. Differences are 1.05 seconds in younger driver, 0.95seconds in older driver.(3) Old driver's Judgment times are longer than those on younger driver's in both the place name judgement and the direction judgement. Differences are 1.05seconds inthe place name judgement, 0.95seconds in the direction judgement.(4) The hight of characters on guide sign are need to be 1.2 to 1.6 times larger than the guide sign standard designed for yonger drivers.


A new method for calculating acid penetration distance in fractures has been developed and experimentally tested. The method combines spending time data from rotating-disk reaction pots with mass transfer data obtained from laboratory fractures, thus allowing for both the effects of surface reaction kinetics and actual mixing patterns in the fracture. It is shown that the new method successfully predicts the acid spending obtained in laboratory fractures in both turbulent and laminar flow, using a reaction rate constant obtained with a rotating disk apparatus. This appears to be the first method easily applicable to small core samples while at the same time allowing properly for acid mixing in the fracture. (18 refs.)


A portable terminal operates while switching first mode for generating, based on a value indicating a degree of contact output by a touchpad, a value indicating degree of the contact for each contacted area and second mode for generating, based on the output value, a value by performing adjustment such that temporal change amount of the value indicating the degree is equal to or less than a predetermined value. When a value of one contacted area generated in the second mode equals or exceeds the first threshold, the portable terminal switches to the first mode, and when a value of one contacted area generated in the first mode falls below the second threshold, the portable terminal switches to the second mode. The portable terminal determines, as a target area to which processing to be performed is allocated, one contacted area having a value that equals or exceeds the first threshold.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of limbal stem cells autograft transplantation in the treatment of pterygium.Methods Under microscope,60 patients (65 eyes) with pterygium including primary and recurrent pterygium were treated with limbal stem cells autograft transplantation.After operation, the follow-up time was 6 months to 4 years.Results 58 eyes in 54 cases were healed and 7 eyes in 6 cases recurred.The recurrence rate of pterygium was 12.07%.Conclusion Limbal stem cells autograft transplantation in the treatment of pterygium is helpful to the reconstruction of cornea and conjunctva and inhibit neovascular and conjunctiva epithelioma to invade the cornea, so effectively prevent the recurrence of pterygiun.It is the ideal surgical methed of pterygium therapy.


Based on the analysis on relationship between the dynamic change process of cultivated land,the spatial difference of cultivated land,the amount of cultivated land and economic development location,the correlation degree between cultivated land for non-agricultural construction and economic development was analyzed.At last,the countermeasures of correctly handling the relationship between cultivated land for non-agricultural construction and economic development were put forward to probe the harmonious progress of sustainable economic development and land resources utilization and guarantee equitable development environment in region.


The origins of urine microscopy lie in centuries past, when physicians knew little about the innerworkings of the kidney and sought to understand medical problems through any accessible means. A classic example is the ancient practice of tasting urine for sweetness to detect glycosuria in patients with diabetes, first documented in the seventh century BCE by the Indian surgeon Sushruta.1 It was not until the 17th century that pioneering physicians began looking at urine under magnification, leading to the advent of urine microscopy.2,3 The early microscopes were rudimentary with minimal magnification power, limiting the observer to visualizing larger structures such as crystals. Eventually, cells and casts (corpuscles and cylinders) could be identified.2 Physicians soon began connecting urinary findings to clinical syndromes. Lipid droplets were seen in patients swollen from dropsy and misshapen red blood cells (RBCs) occurred in patients with Bright disease, later renamed nephrotic syndrome and glomerulonephritis, respectively.2,4 In 1979, Birch and Fairley first demonstrated that the presence of acanthocytes differentiated glomerular from nonglomerular hematuria.5 Eventually, distinctive patterns of urine microscopy that correlated with specific causes of kidney disease became part of the medical lexicon: the bland urine in prerenal azotemia, muddy brown casts in acute tubular necrosis (ATN), the rarely seen white blood cells casts in interstitial nephritis, and the ever-heralded dysmorphic RBC's and RBC casts of glomerulonephritis. Over the years, many trainees have carried urine specimens in their coat pockets, waiting for rounds to finish so they could spin the urine, hoping to see Mickey Mouse ears or a Maltese cross. Setting the regulatory concerns of such practices aside, provider-performed urine microscopy (PPM) had a solid foundation in nephrology education and practice. Although PPM thrived, it remained unclear how much the utility of urine microscopy was evidencebased and how much was common lore. With more restrictions placed on point-of-care laboratory testing, most nephrologists are unable to perform PPM and cannot rely on it to aid in clinical decision making. As of 2009, just 21% of US-based nephrology fellowship training sites performed PPM (verbal communication, Perazella, 2017). Many of these nephrologists would suggest that PPM, although nice to have, is not necessary in the modern evaluation of kidney disease. By contrast, many nephrologists who still perform urine microscopy believe it remains an essential tool. The study by Navarro et al.6 sheds some light on this debate. They investigated the correlations between discrete urine microscopy findings and specific pathologic findings in a cohort of patients seen in an outpatient nephrology clinic who then went on to have a kidney biopsy. The results of a multivariate analysis were somewhat surprising and might be seen as contradictory to what has been classically taught if not taken in the proper context. Lipids were associated with mesangial abnormalities, wire loops, and hyaline deposits, but not with podocyte hypertrophy that can be seen in proteinuric states (P 5 0.954). Renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), a nonspecific finding that classically tracks with muddy brown casts in acute tubular necrosis, were also associated with glomerular lesions such as fibrinoid necrosis and proliferative lesions. Even more surprising was the finding that dysmorphic RBCs and RBC casts, commonly thought to be slam-dunk predictors of glomerulonephritis, did not correlate with any specific pathologic finding. As the authors point out, this may be due to the high prevalence of hematuria (54.2%) and glomerular disease (92.3%) in this cohort. Hence, two conclusions can be drawn here. There were not enough nonglomerular processes to adequately analyze this correlation and dysmorphic RBCs cannot help distinguish between subtypes of glomerular injury. This study is enlightening because it reminds us that urine microscopy is one tool in the workup of a kidney patient and not a crystal ball. However, it does not address the question central to the debate over nephrologists performing urine microscopy: Does PPM contribute to accurately diagnosing kidney disease and aid the decision whether to perform a kidney biopsy?


Conservation of fuel, raw materials and the environment has already affected the manufacturing processes and choice of building products available to the construction industry. Concrete has been demonstrated to be an energy efficient material, both during construction and in the service life of a building. Considerable progress has been made by the concrete industry in Australia toward the greater use of industrial by products to replace natural raw materials, but increased utilisation is very possible. Mix design techniques have been developed which permit the production of high quality concrete with minimum expenditure of fuel energy and natural resources. Further improvements are foreshadowed by introduction of new materials and the application of more energy efficient processes for the manufacture of portland cement. In many locations, recycling of materials recovered from plastic concrete has proved effective, but general recycling of hardened concrete does not appear practical. In keeping with the conservation efforts of concrete producers, designers should allow more flexibility in concrete specification requirements. The prescription type specification is likely to be superseded by one based solely on performance characteristics of concrete.


X-ray crystal structure determination shows that the conformation of the diaminoguanidinium (DAG) cation ((NH{sub 2}NH){sub 2}C({double bond}NH{sub 2}){sup +}) is different in its salts with nitrate ion and with the conjugate base of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO). In both cases, the carbon atom and all five nitrogen atoms are coplanar. In the nitrate salt an S' configuration is found where one of the terminal NH{sub 2} groups is cis to the central C{double bond}NH{sub 2} bond and the other is trans. In the NTO salt a W' configuration is found where both of the terminal NH{sub 2} groups are cis to the central C{double bond}NH{sub 2} bond. The terminal NH{sub 2} groups are positioned in such a fashion that the hydrogens appear above and below the plane of the rest of the molecule and the lone pairs are directed toward the hydrogens of the C{double bond}NH{sub 2} moiety. Calculations suggest that the nitrate salt contains DAG in its lower energy form, while favorable electrostatic interactions lead to selective binding of the less stable W form of DAG with NTO.


We study the location of the inventive activity of 59 major European food and beverage multinationals and their 8432 subsidiaries worldwide, by analysing the geographical distribution of the inventors listed in the European Patent Office (EPO) applications, US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patents and triadic, international and Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent families of the companies filed between 1978 and the early 2000s. The sampled companies tend to locate their R&D activities in the home country. EU-based companies, more specifically, deploy an intra-regional strategy in EU countries, especially with regard to the inventions most closely related to their core businesses (food), for which, however, they do not display a home-country preference. Inventions related to non-core business tend to be produced in extra-regional locations.


This demonstration introduces Caterpillar, an open-source Business Process Management System (BPMS) that runs on top of the Ethereum blockchain. Like any BPMS, Caterpillar supports the creation of instances of a process model (captured in the Business Process Model and Notation – BPMN) and allows users to track the state of process instances and to execute tasks thereof. The specificity of Caterpillar is that the state of each process instance is maintained on the Ethereum blockchain, and the workflow routing is performed by smart contracts generated by a BPMN-to-Solidity compiler. The compiler supports a wide array of BPMN constructs, including user, script and service tasks, parallel and exclusive gateways, subprocesses, multi-instance activities and event handlers. The target audience of this demonstration includes researchers in the area of business process management and blockchain technology.


This article presents a new model of gynecological and obstetrical pessary for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse, elimination of symptoms of stress urinary incontinence, preventive care and treatment of cervical insufficiency and habitual abortion.


Five new heat flow measurements combined with previously published data in the area of the Barracuda ridge indicate relatively low values (average 0.97 HFU) associated with the ridge. The fractured nature of the Barracuda ridge and the distribution of the heat flow values suggest that the low values are the result of mass water flow, which may have reduced the heat flow, normally assumed to be due to conduction.


The notion of finiteness in the absence of AC has been widely studied. We consider a minimal criterion for which any class of cardinalities that satisfies it can be considered as a finiteness class. Fourteen notions of finiteness will be presented and studied in this thesis. We show how these classes relate to each other, and discuss their closure properties. Some results can be proved in ZF. Others are consistency results that can be shown by using the Fraenkel-Mostowski-model construction. Furthermore we investigate the relationship between Dedekind-finite sets and definability, and try to carry out reconstruction to recover the original structures used to construct FM-models. Later we establish a connection between tree structures and sets with their cardinalities in one of the finiteness classes, written as ∆₅.


Since two articles on a wearable haemodialysis device have recently appeared in two highly reputed journals [1,2], the editors of NDT thought that it would be appropriate to draw our readers' attention to this important topic. We therefore asked one of the 'elderly statesmen in dialysis', emeritus nephrologist Stanley Shaldon, to write an editorial comment in which he and his co-author, Michael Lysaght, discuss some medical and technical aspects of this device and place the topic in a historical context. The older readers of NDT may remember that the idea of a wearable dialysis machine has been around for more than 25 years, although its clinical application has never been successful. In the editorial comment, Dr Shaldon seriously criticizes some of the content of the above-mentioned articles in his well-known personal style that some readers may perceive to be provocative. For this reason, we felt it appropriate to ask the authors of the two papers to reply to this editorial. In our opinion, they clarified a number of issues raised by Drs Shaldon and Lysaght and we will leave our readers to draw their own conclusions in this debate. As always, comments from our readers are welcome.


Organizational routines have been perceived as stable targets of selection forces. This traditional assumption of the stability of routines, however, has been challenged by recent research pointing to the variability of routines. Drawing on a nuanced understanding of organizational routines, this study examines how such duality of routines influences organizational change. Using a simple theoretical model, we show that routine-level inertia, in conjunction with bounded rationality in planning changes, engenders a potential of exploration which fosters organizational adaptation. Consequently, the dual properties of routines help enhance organizational reliability and long-run performance in task environments characterized by complexity and myopic selection. We discuss how this advanced understanding of the role of routines helps elaborate the theory of economic evolution.


Frederick Harbison and Charles A. Myers McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1964. Pp. xi + 229. Price 58s. The object of this book, which is a volume in the McGraw-Hill Series on International Development, is to relate educational standards and availability of manpower to the rate of economic progress for a representative collection of seventy-five countries. It starts with the thesis that investment in man is the biggest single factor in determining ultimate prosperity, and it investigates how far this thesis is borne out by appeal to an impressive and informative collection of statistics covering the 'underdeveloped' countries, the 'partially developed' countries, the 'semi-advanced' countries and the 'advanced' countries.


As a direct result of the widespread discussion of Evolution during the third quarter of the nineteenth century and the new interest aroused in the doctrine of heredity, there appeared toward the end of the century a new genre of the novel. The genealogical novel is in itself an interesting phenomenon, marking the introduction of a new type of fiction ruled by science. Additional interest is given to the investigation through the remarkable circumstance that this new type of novel was projected contemporaneously and independently by two writers, Emile Zola and Samuel Butler, one in France and one in England.


Although the history of P. kurrooa Royle ex Benth., popularly known as "Kutki
or Kadu" dates back to the Vedic era, it has only been about 69 years since research has focussed
on exploring its pharmacological properties. It is a small perennial medicinal herb
that belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family. Found primarily in the north-western alpine
Himalayan region at the altitudes of 3000-4300 meters (amsl), the plant has immense
therapeutic and medicinal properties. Uniquely gifted, the plant holds its reputation in the
modern system of medicine in the treatment of liver disorders. The species has earned an
endangered status lately due to various issues like unawareness on its conservation,
harvesting methods, and cultivation besides others. Therefore, various new scientific
methods are being developed for its propagation and conservation. This article provides an
overview of the therapeutic properties, various mode of propagation as well as the molecular
aspects of P. kurrooa. Also, the metabolic engineering strategies to modulate its secondary
metabolite picrosides are also discussed.


In the aspect of training a student's innovation ability,the creation technique is an essential method.In the logistics education of undergraduate' stage,one of the important tasks is to raise the student's innovation application ability.And the logistics major is an application course and the intrinsic request for the logistics is to study for application.And several kinds of creative techniques to realize in the logistics course teaching are analyzed in this paper,and the application example is given with the knowledge point of logistics.The teaching practice indicates that the creative technique application is an important method to enhance the logistics course teaching,and they can enhance the teaching innovation of logistics specialty and help to train the student's innovation ability.


Today's Generation has totally been dependent on online social surfing and their usage as a part of entertainment. People share their valuable information through these social networking sites, information shared includes their interest, likes and dislikes. Several online social network (OSN) users are unaware of the numerous security risks that exist in these networks. OSN users readily expose personal and private details about themselves. Hence, some of the major problem associated with these OSN threats is due the Access rights given to the respective user. There need to a proper management of access control in order to protect the online frauds. OSNs currently provide simple access control mechanisms allowing users to govern access to information contained in their own spaces. Hence an advanced type of approach is required to overcome the OSN related problems. The designed system includes security modules wherein the content gets secured from some of the malicious OSN threats.


Abstract To compare the treatment efficacy of spastic flatfoot surgery by 2 different surgical methods: nonfusion subtalar arthroereisis using subtalar joint stabilizer (SJS) and Dennyson–Fulford subtalar arthrodesis (D-FSA). A total of 26 cases of ambulant children with cerebral palsy diagnosed as spastic flatfoot were surgically treated from January 2011 to December 2014. Preoperative and postoperative American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society-Ankle and Hindfoot (AOFAS-AH) scores, anteroposterior–talocalcaneal angles (ATAs), and lateral talar-first metatarsal angles (Meary angles) of the affected foot were recorded. Among 12 children in the SJS group, the AOFAS-AH scores were median preoperative score of 61 (58–64) versus median postoperative score of 83 (75–92), with significant difference (P < .05). Of the 20 feet treated, only 1 foot developed occasional pain. Postoperative ATA was decreased from preoperative 35° (20°–50°) to 19° (12°–25°); lateral X-ray films showed that the Meary angle was decreased from preoperative 20° (15°–40°) to postoperative 0° (0°–3°). The differences in both findings were statistically significant (P < .05). Fourteen children (22 treated feet) formed the D-FSA group; all demonstrated fusion of the talocalcaneal joint; AOFAS-AH scores were median preoperative score of 61 (58–64) versus median postoperative score of 83 (75–92), with significant difference (P < .05). Only 1 foot had occasional pain. Postoperative ATA was decreased from preoperative 35° (20°–45°) to 16° (12°–25°); lateral X-ray films showed that the Meary angle was decreased from preoperative 19° (10°–40°) to postoperative 2° (0°–5°); the differences in both findings were statistically significant (P < .05). Both nonfusion subtalar arthroereisis using SJS and D-FSA were effective for the surgical treatment of spastic flatfoot, with similar clinical outcomes.


The line width measurements of ESR spectra of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-benzoyloxypiperidinyl-1-oxyl (BzONO) in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles have been carried out at various concentrations of BzONO. The plot of the line width against the concentration of BzONO shows a line with a break at mole fraction ca. 0.05, as opposed to the theoretical prediction that the plot would give a straight line. In order to explain this anomalous behavior, three models for the solubilization of BzONO are considered. On the basis of two of these models, spin exchange rates of BzONO in the micelles are estimated. Translational diffusion coefficients of BzONO in the SDS micelles at 20, 31, and 38.5 °C are calculated by using the spin exchange rate constants and an appropriate diffusion model. The obtained values are of the order of 10−7 cm2/s.


The histologic and clinical criteria for psoriasis involving the palate are discussed. A review of the literature shows the present case to be the fifth well-documented one in the literature. A possible explanation for the rarity of clinical manifestations in the oral cavity is presented.


The study aimed to examine the moderating role of leverage on the relationship between the size of listed Jordanian manufacturing companies and the audit fees over the period 2016-2020. The study extracted the measures of variables from the annual report of manufacturing companies available on the Amman exchange website, it employs debt ratio to measure leverage, while issued capital and total assets were used to measure the size of the company, several statistics methods such as correlation and multiple linear regression and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the data and test the relations. The results show a statistically significant impact of the size of the manufacturing company measured by capital and total assets on audit fees, furthermore, the leverage variable has modified and increase statistically the positive relationship between the size of the company and audit fees.