Objective To investigate the effects of paeoniflorin on proliferation and the protein expression of HFCL of human bone marrow stromal cells and to discuss molecular mechanism of blood enriching functions of paeoniflorin. Methods Flow cytometry and proteomics were used respectively to measure the effect of paeoniflorin on cell cycle and protein expression of HFCL. Results Paeoniflorin could promote HFCL from G_0/G_1 phase to S phase, increase proliferative index, up-regulate nine kinds of proteins, and down-regulate five kinds of proteins of HFCL. The proteins up-regulated include Ras-related nuclear protein, lamin A/C, isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+), triosephosphate isomerase, ATP synthase, ribosomal protein P2, and chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide 1. Conclusion Through promoting HFCL proliferation, acting on multiple protein targets, enhancing the synthesis of cytoarchitecture proteins and the expression of protein chaperonin, increasing the energy metabolism of HFCL, and suppressing the apoptosis of HFCL, paeoniflorin plays indirectly blood enriching function.


Aims To identify the clinical and functional association of miR-214/199a/199a* cluster in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to clarify the mechanism of miR-214. Methods Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional regression analyses were used to determine the association of miR-214/199a/199a* cluster levels with the survival of HCC patients. The role of miR-214 in regulating HCC cell proliferation was studied with miR-214 mimics/inhibitor-treated cells. Furthermore, the inhibition effect of miR-214 on E2F2, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 3 and CDK6 expression was assessed in HCC cell lines with miR-214 mimics/inhibitors to increase/decrease miR-214 expression. Direct binding of miR-214 to the 3′-untranslated regions of E2F2, CDK3, and CDK6 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results In analyzing HCC clinical specimens and cell lines, we discovered a uniform decrease in miR-214/199a/199a* expression in comparison with noncancerous tissue or normal liver epithelial cell lines. Higher miR-214 levels were related with improved patient survival. Overexpression of miR-214 in HCC cells inhibited proliferation by inducing G1-S checkpoint arrest. Conversely, RNA interference–mediated silencing of miR-214 promoted cell-cycle progression and accelerated the proliferation of HCC cells. E2F2, CDK3 and CDK6 were each directly targeted for inhibition by miR-214, and restoring their expression reversed miR-214 inhibition of cell-cycle progression. The relationship between expression of miR-214 and its targets was confirmed in HCC tumor xenografts and clinical specimens. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that miR-214 has tumor-suppressive activity in HCC through inhibition of E2F2, CDK3 and CDK6.


This paper seeks to analyze the Norin Catriman and others (leaders, members and activist of the indigenous Mapuche people) vs. Chile case before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. In order to do so, the history of the Mapuche people in Chile will be first delineated to enter the case report and subsequently to weave aspects of the International Protection of indigenous peoples. The authors conclude that, after the judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, as well as with international efforts to establish legal landmarks for the International Protection of indigenous peoples, there were great advances in the matter, not only in the plan of Human Rights, but also in Labor Law.


Abstract: This study aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge and scientific attitude land and forest fire prevention STUDENTS in MTsN Bukit Batu Bengkalis, Riau that was conducted in November 2015 to May 2016. The sample in this study were 63 students randomly selected in VIII grade in school year 2015/2016 and two science teachers as supporting data. The parameters of this study is the knowledge of the land and forest fire prevention and scientific attitude land and forest fire prevention. Instrument knowledge with written tests, scientific attitude is measured by using a closed questionnaire that has been valid and reliable and interview guidelines. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics simple regression test. The results of data analysis showed that there is a low correlation between knowledge with scientific attitude land and forest fire prevention learners in MTsN Bukit Batu Bengkalis, Riau. Keywords: Knowledge, Scientific Attitude, Land and Forest Fires


In order to enable real-time production optimization and reservoir performance of a given oil asset it is necessary to establish continuous production measurement of the producing wells. A clamp-on Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) multiphase metering system has been developed that can be rapidly installed on all, or some of the production flow lines of new wells or retrofitted to existing wells with zero intervention. The clamp-on aspect of this non-radioactive EMAT measurement approach simplifies measurement across multiple wells within a field or reservoir. Real-time continuous field measurement results from producing wells are presented, and the associated opportunities for automation and production optimization also are explored.
 The work flow that was used to configure the meter prior to installation to the line also is described. This process included empirical and physics-based flow analysis of reported well conditions based on pipe geometry, production data and PVT information. In preparation for each well, simulations were performed using the Taitel and Dukler model to predict the flow regime [1].
 Following this the EMAT flowmeter was brought to multiple well sites and installed on to producing flowlines downstream of the well head surface choke where measurements were taken. Results obtained were compared against the expected flow conditions obtained from references such as test separators.
 It is possible with the clamp-on meter to monitor the flow regime within the pipe by monitoring diagnostic parameters, which are compared to the predicted behavior of each of the wells. Real time flow regime monitoring can be very useful for optimization purposes and is usually not achieved using traditional well testing techniques.
 The EMAT measurement technique is a novel approach for multiphase clamp-on well production measurement: the field measurement results are presented for the first time in this paper. The rapid, non-intrusive and cost-effective deployment of this EMAT multiphase flow measurement device presents potential for significant well/reservoir production and HS&E improvements in the area of oilfield surveillance and production optimization.


Wraparound channels in Torus network-on-chip (NoC) help in reducing overall hop counts traversed by traffic. However, the cyclic paths created by the wraparound channel make Torus NoC deadlock prone. The Turn model and channel dependency graph (CDG) are two classical approaches used for detecting and avoiding deadlock in NoC. In this work, we propose an Arc model for avoiding deadlock in Torus NoC. The Arc model is an extension to the Turn model and is useful for deadlock avoidance in Torus. Directional dependency graph (DDG) is also presented in this work by combining both the Turn model and CDG for detecting deadlock in Torus NoC. DDG is a simpler approach for identifying deadlock scenarios, formulating deadlock avoidance, and showing deadlock freedom while using the Arc model along with a set of Turns.


An angular velocity sensing experimental measurement system,with high-Qoptical microsphere cavity as the core sensitive component,was set up based on the theory of angular velocity sensor.During the experiment,the resonance curve of optical microsphere cavity and the corresponding demodulation curve were obtained by the modulation and demodulation;the lock-tracking of resonance point by the proportional-integral-derivative(PID)feedback control circuit was achieved,and the locked accuracy of resonance point was about 10kHz.The experiment for testing two different rotating angular velocities,low and high,was carried out,then the data was analyzed to obtain the result of the trend of the output signal amplitude corresponding to the change of the rotational angular velocity provided by the test table.The sensing effect of high-Qoptical microsphere cavity angular velocity was proved preliminarily,which could provide the foundation for the further research of high-Qoptical micro-resonator angular rate sensors.


Horizontal transport collaboration is an unexplored way of organizing transport for most large air freight forwarding companies. The current difficult and more dynamic air cargo market conditions in Western Europe have recently increased the focus of forwarders on both reducing transport costs and improving transport performance. By applying horizontal transport collaboration it could result in improvements on transport performance and costs. This paper tries to justify the quantification of the potential of inner airport truck transport collaboration on a horizontal level for large freight forwarding companies. A simulation model is constructed for part of the air cargo truck transport movements within the airports surroundings and the main finding of the simulation model is that horizontal collaboration can improve both the amount of transport visits to involved forwarders facilities and reduce transport costs. Up to 40% reduction of costs and 30% reduction on transport movements to air cargo handler can be realized, compared to single company transport use. The reduction of the total amount of transport movements can only be reduced when the remaining amount of single company transport is also adapted. Thus, the application of the current simulation model is limited, as the model has been based on limited information of operation of selective number of forwarding companies. The quantified results and input data will therefore have to be further validated with more specified data of the actual transport systems in order to increase generalization of the results and usability of the model. Also, future research should be directed at validation of data the combined transport simulation model and should include other forms of transport collaboration, such as the use of variable capacity instead of solely using fixed capacity for combined transport.


The present study was aimed at development of mucoadhesive gastro retentive tablets of Cefpodoxime Proxetil for controlled release and to develop innovative and suitable dosage form by the use of various polymers. Cefpodoxime Proxetil is an oral third generation cephalosporin antibiotic and is active against most Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria but it undergoes rapid metabolism in intestinal mucosa due to change in pH environment and hence decreased oral bio-availability. Different tablet formulations were prepared using different mucoadhesive polymers like Carbopol 974P, Chitosan, HPMC K4M and Sodium alginate in various combination ratios by direct compression method. All the developed formulations were subjected to various evaluation parameters such as physicochemical properties. Optimized formulation was decided based on drug release studies and gastric residence time. Formulation containing Sodium alginate and chitosan in combination (F8) exhibited maximum in vitro residence time of 10 hrs and in vitro release was up to 91%. Optimized formulation was further subjected to in vitro permeation, SEM studies and stability studies. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed smooth surface characteristics with increasing pore diameter indicating the diffusion mechanism of release. Stability studies was carried out as per ICH.


Abstract We trapped more than 23,000 migrating raptors at Cedar Grove, Wisconsin during the autumns of 1953–1996, permitting accurate identification of age and sex. Adults migrated significantly later than juveniles in 8 of 10 species, and males migrated later than females in 7 species. We suggest that it is adaptive for adults and males to remain on breeding territories as long as possible. Adult Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) migrated before juveniles. There was no age difference in migration of Rough-legged Hawks (Buteo lagopus). Both species breed in the Arctic where the brief breeding season requires that adults leave as soon as possible so adults might then migrate more rapidly than juveniles. We compare our results with those of 16 other studies. Juveniles migrated significantly later than adults in 8 of 13 species at Falsterbo in southern Sweden (Kjellén 1992). Falsterbo is more than 12° latitude (1300 km) north of Cedar Grove and the breeding range of most of the species occurring there extends north of the Arctic Circle, where birds suffer from the same abbreviated breeding seasons as do the Peregrine Falcon and Rough-legged Hawk in North America. Adult females migrated after adult males in the two large species of Accipiter; this may be because the females, not the males, establish and maintain territory in these species.


A novel color image segmentation method based on finite Gaussian mixture model is proposed in this paper. First, we use EM algorithm to estimate the distribution of input image data and the number of mixture components is automatically determined by MML criterion. Then the segmentation is carried out by clustering each pixel into appropriate component according to maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. The advantage of our method lies in its ability of less relying on initialization and segmenting images in a totally unsupervised manner. Experimental results show that our segmentation method can obtain better results than other methods.


A method solving the output twist screw and the transmission wrench under the motion of a single limb is proposed based on the screw theory. Some conditions that a mechanism requires to realize the constant power transmission and reach the best motion/force transmissibility in different poses are presented. By taking the 3-CPU translational parallel mechanism as an example, the motion/force transmissibility performance of the mechanism is analyzed. In the meanwhile, the allocation pattern of the actuated joint when a limb can transmit all its input power to the moving platform is presented. The motion/force transmissibility performance of the 3-PRPU translational parallel mechanism is analyzed, and some effects of configurations to the transmission power of a single limb are summarized. The work can make a contribution to analyzing and synthesizing parallel mechanism with good motion/force transmissibility.


The output of some physical problem is dependent on huge number of time dependent parameters. But many of them are not significant or they are highly correlated with others parameters. Some parameters which are play significant role in the problem and give the information which is mandatory and not correlated with the others. So, same result can be produced by fewer parameters instead of considering all parameters. In this paper, an effect has been made to find the significant environmental parameters in production of mustard plant using principal component and factor analysis. Finally, artificial neural network has been applied on highly significant parameters to predict the production of mustard plant at maturity.


By carving a 'square-smile'slot profile over a folded patch, a miniaturised UHF-RFID tag is
obtained, having a convenient two-step tuning mechanism (coarse and fine). This is useful
to adapt the same tag to European and US frequencies and to make on-site corrections. The
antenna is half the size of a credit card and can be read up to 5m when attached onto the
body. The flexible and lightweight EPDM foam substrate makes the tag suited to be
integrated in badges, wallets, pockets, plasters, wristbands and various garments.


Rastrelliger Fish fishing in general use fishing stalling (Handline). This is because Rastrelliger Fish were caught with fishing stalling condition is good and fresh so it has a high selling price. The use of bait and hook size that effectively would provide good catches. Therefore, the need for a scientific study on the use of bait and hook sizes different to catch "Ikan Kembung"(Rastrelliger sp.).The purpose of this research was to analyze Rastrelliger Fish (Rastrelliger sp.) catches on the use of bait and hook shapes which different interaction between the use of the hook and the kind of bait to catch " Ikan Kembung" (Rastrelliger sp.).The research uses experimental fishing with 2 variables are the type of bait and hook shape with 4 treatments are "(Tembang, squid, double hook and single hook). Each performed with 10 replications.Data analysis using data normality test and ANOVA with SPSS 17.0.The result showed that differences "Tembang Lures" and bait squid in this research affect the amount of proceeds Rastrelliger Fish (Rastrelliger sp.) catches. It is seen from the catch of squid bait with hook double hook as many as 48 tails and bait the hook" Tembang" with double hook as many as 37 tails, squid and bait the hook with a single hook as many as 35 tails and the "Tembang" with the hook bait hook single by 29 tail. ANOVA test result showed that, where using a combination of fishing gear and bait squid hook double hook size well used.


patients and 47 per cent of patients over 50 years of age.4 The epithelial changes are commonly asympt~matic'.~ and discovered fortuitously' or may be accompanied by discomfort,5 mild blurring of or a foreign body sen~ation. ' .~.~ Additional or associated symptoms may be related to the presence of recurrent corneal epithelial erosions which often occur in these patientP and include severe pain on waking in the morning,2,6 photophobia,2,6 chronic irritation6 and ghost images resulting from irregular astigmatism.6 The normal basal cells of the corneal epithelium possess densities (hemidesmosomes) at irregularly spaced intervals along the posterior cell membrane.' Fine anchoring fibrils extend from the hemidesmosomes to a delicate basal lamina and are believed to contribute to the normal adhesion of the corneal epithelium to the underlying surfaces.' Abnormalities of these complexes from any cause including trauma (branches, fingernails, paper et cetera) or corneal dystrophies (ReisBucklers', lattice and the EBMDs) appear to result in recurrent corneal erosions.',2 The intra-epithelial cysts possess an epithelial lining of flattened cells similar Kearnqr


The concept of customer utility, which affects customer's adoption, is important to understand the process of technology diffusion and substitution regarding multiple generation technology. This research defined the concept of attribute-based customer utility and developed a model for measuring attr...


Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are becoming ubiquitous in portable, stationary, and electrical energy storage applications that power various devices, from cell phones to the zero-emission plane. Market research suggests the $26.9 billion-a-year (2018) worldwide LIB market could reach $107 billion-a-year by 2025. Taking electric vehicles (EVs) for example, according to the Electric Drive Transportation Association (EDTA), the number of EV sales in the United States market has increased from 345 vehicles in 2010 to 331,617 in 2019, with a total cumulative number of 1.44 million vehicles over the ten-year sales period. This trend has also been observed in the global market as EVs' sales reached 2.1 million worldwide in 2019, boosting the stock to 7.2 million. Although the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically affected the global EV market and prompted the market to plummet over the year 2020 relative to 2019. The global EVs stock projections are expected to increase from 7.2 million to 14 million in 2025 and 25 million in 2030, accounting for 10% of global passenger vehicle sales in 2025 and 28% in 2030. Despite rapidly skidding into the EV era - a technical fait accompli- significant obstacles to vehicle electrification and adoption, especially the safety of their batteries, continue to threaten that future. The risk of anomaly generation and evolution (e.g., thermal runaway and exploration) is currently a major safety concern and challenge in applications powered by LIBs.
 The traditional first-principle simulations and comprehensive experiments are time-consuming or less effective in detecting and predicting the above problems induced by a synergistic effect of multiple degradation mechanisms. The above challenge eventually necessitates predictive or prognostic capability for Prognostics and Health Monitoring (PHM) under a complexly hostile working environment.This proposal will break away from existing practices, and instead, for the first time, the proposed data-driven prognosis (DDP) requires the assumption of the existence of a conservation principle but does not require a priori knowledge of the key mechanisms and boundary conditions. Alternatively, the exact form of the conservation functional is only specified locally, in the neighborhood of each observation point (and is assumed to be piecewise quadratic in the current work), whereas its global form remains unknown. The conservation principle is then defined as the minimization of system curvature at each observation point. The DDP methodology is based on the local curvature of the mathematical manifold representing the Euler-Lagrange governing equation of a system. The curvature represents a derivative of the total energy with respect to sensed variables, and instability is anticipated whenever the curvature exceeds a critical threshold, denoted by the inverse of the local length-scale of the manifold (or its extrinsic curvature). The length-scale, in turn, is calculated by solving the first moment of the state-space description (conservation of linear momentum) based on two consecutive time instants of measurements. In another sense, the DDP technique can estimate a mass normalized Energy Exchange Amplitude (EEA) that also represents a scaled "entropy rise" of the system. After acquiring the input data from the literatures, they were fed into DDP in a continuous order separated by each time step. At each time step, two consecutive time instances were considered that are sufficient to make the prognostication. The results of the simulation using the DDP are shown below. First the progression of PDI which shows the percentage of points that have reached different path dependence index (PDI) markers as shown in Figure 1 (a). It signifies the instants when the battery shows local instabilities. As shown in the figure, battery starts to show local instability from time instant 20 and beyond, highlighting the instability's progression. The chain length (CL) values and residual curvature information were analyzed as well and shown in Figure 1 (b) along with other criterias. As illustrated in the Figure, at time instant 10, the system crosses the critical chain length threshold and intensifies around time instance 20. Furthermore, the residual curvature (RC) value exceeds the critical threshold at time instance 19 and 21. The moment when all three criterias were met, the battery is expected to fail which is time instance 21 as shown in the Figure.

 Figure 1


Objectives:  Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common agents of sexually transmitted disease, but trichomoniasis is still considered as an infection of minor importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk indicators for trichomoniasis in women attending for routine gynecologic examination.


The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion on the issue of when knowledge leaks between various groups and when knowledge sticks within one learning group. Theoretical insights propose that one needs strong ties for knowledge transfer and sharing. A preliminary case study, however, suggests that strong ties with people outside the learning group can hinder learning within a group. These observations suggest that strong ties outside a group are not the only condition which facilitates knowledge transfer and sharing. The same case study suggests that for knowledge sharing the various groups should differ in their adopted task and topic.


The invention discloses a method for facture of a coal bed methane reservoir of high-level coal, which is applied to the technical field of development of coal bed methane of the high-level coal, and is characterized in that a facture crack cluster is upwards controlled and transversely crossly extended through centralized perforation of a big pore at the middle of a coal bed, whole sand feeding, synchronous facture of multiple wells, and construction at variable displacement and large liquid amount, so that the efficiency for facture modification of a straight well is improved, the modification range is expanded, a larger pressure drop area is formed in the coal bed, and gas output per well of the coal bed gas well is improved. The method has the effects that: the facture crack cluster is upwards controlled and transversely crossly extended through centralized perforation of the big pore at the middle of the coal bed, whole sand feeding, synchronous facture of multiple wells, and construction at variable displacement and large liquid amount, so that the efficiency for facture modification of the straight well is improved, the modification range is expanded, the larger pressure drop area is formed in the coal bed, and gas output per well of the coal bed gas well is improved.


Arc fault is one of the main reasons of electrical fires. As a result of weakness, randomness and cross talk of arc faults, very few of methods have been successfully used to protect loads from all arc faults in low-voltage circuits. Therefore, a novel detection method is developed for detection of arc faults. The method is based on frequency constrained independent component analysis. In the process of the method derivation, a band-pass filter was introduced as a constraint condition to separate independent components of mixed signals. In the process of the independent component separations, although the fault mixed signals were under the conditions of the strong background noise and the frequency aliasing, the effective high frequency components of arc faults could be separated by frequency constrained independent component analysis. Based on the separated components, the power spectrums of them were calculated to classify the normal and the arc fault conditions. The validity of the developed method was verified by using an arc fault experimental platform set up. The results show that arc faults of nine typical electrical loads are successfully detected based on frequency constrained independent component analysis.


For liquid-propellant combustion, the Landau/Levich hydrodynamic models have been combined and extended to account for a dynamic dependence of the burning rate on the local pressure and temperature fields. Analysis of these extended models is greatly facilitated by exploiting the realistic smallness of the gas-to-liquid density ratio rho. Neglecting thermal coupling effects, an asymptotic expression was then derived for the cellular stability boundary A(sub p)(k) where A(sub p) is the pressure sensitivity of the burning rate and k is the disturbance wavenumber. The results explicitly indicate the stabilizing effects of gravity on long-wave disturbances, and those of viscosity and surface tension on short-wave perturbations, and the instability associated with intermediate wavenumbers for critical negative values of A(sub p). In the limit of weak gravity, hydrodynamic instability in liquid-propellant combustion becomes a long-wave, instability phenomenon, whereas at normal gravity, this instability is first manifested through O(1) wavenumbers. In addition, surface tension and viscosity (both liquid and gas) each produce comparable effects in the large-wavenumber regime, thereby providing important modifications to the previous analyses in which one or more of these effects was neglected. For A(sub p)= O, the Landau/Levich results are recovered in appropriate limiting cases, although this typically corresponds to a hydrodynamically unstable parameter regime for p << 1. In addition to the classical cellular form of hydrodynamic stability, there exists a pulsating form corresponding to the loss of stability of steady, planar burning to time-dependent perturbations. This occurs for negative values of the parameter A(sub p), and is thus absent from the original Landau/Levich models. In the extended model, however, there exists a stable band of negative pressure sensitivities bounded above by the Landau type of instability, and below by this pulsating form of hydrodynamic instability. Indeed, nonsteady modes of combustion have been observed at low pressures in hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based liquid propellants, which often exhibit negative pressure sensitivities. While nonsteady combustion may correspond to secondary and higher-order bifurcations above the cellular boundary, it may also be a manifestation of this pulsating type of hydrodynamic instability. In the present work, a nonzero temperature sensitivity is incorporated into our previous asymptotic analyses. This entails a coupling of the energy equation to the previous purely hydrodynamic problem, and leads to a significant modification of the pulsating boundary such that, for sufficiently large values of the temperature-sensitivity parameter, liquid-propellant combustion can become intrinsically unstable to this alternative form of hydrodynamic instability. For simplicity, further attention is confined here to the inviscid version of the problem since, despite the fact that viscous and surface-tension effects are comparable, the qualitative nature of the cellular boundary remains preserved in the zero-viscosity limit, as does the existence of the pulsating boundary. The mathematical model adopts the classical assumption that there is no distributed reaction in either the liquid or gas phases, but now the reaction sheet, representing either a pyrolysis reaction or an exothermic decomposition at the liquid/gas interface, is assumed to depend on local conditions there.


There has been a rapid spread of personal information technology and social networking along with increasing demand for flexibility and choice in learning. This is fuelling international research interest in the holistic experience of e-learners. Over the course of a year, the Learner Experience of e-Learning study (LEX) interviewed learners from across the post-16 educational sectors in the UK in order to compile a snapshot of those very personal learning experiences. Through rigorous interview and analysis techniques, the study successfully explored the beliefs and intentions of learners in relation to their use of technology for learning, as well as the strategies and behaviours they displayed towards integrating e-learning with other aspects of their lives. This paper outlines the background to the study and its methodology, provides a critical evaluation of the main findings and concludes by highlighting the key implications for tutors in the planning and practice of e-learning.


This article is the result of research work carried out after analyzing news articles printed in four newspapers:
El Pais, El Mundo, Las Provincias and Levante, in an aim to investigate the androcentric and ethnocentric nature of the representation of immigrant women in the written press. We are confronted with a lack of perspective of gender in the orientation of news articles concerning immigration, which confirms the invisibility of immigrant women who are portrayed as victims on too many occasions. The image put across by the media will be determinant in forming public opinion, which will contribute to the production and reproduction of stereotyped images of immigrant women.


In the paper we consider an architecture and properties of neural networks that have interval weights and interval biases. This model of a neural network takes into consideration inaccuracies in technical realisation of neuron in-out characteristics. A neural network with such architecture maps an input vector into interval response. We consider an architecture of four-layer feedforward network. A learning algorithm is derived from the cost function in a similar manner to the backpropagation algorithm. We examined properties of these nets using computer simulation.


A PAIR OF Senate hearings last week focused on jobs, national security, and carbon dioxide as senators continued to debate provisions in a House-passed bill on climate change. Six committees have jurisdiction over the bill, and two of them dug deeper into issues related to climate change on July 21. Senate Environment & Public Works Committee Chairman Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.) began her committee's hearing on jobs by stressing climate-change legislation's potential to develop new clean technologies and create millions of jobs. The committee heard from state and local leaders who have created agencies to support new industries and generate so-called green jobs. However, several Republican committee members, namely Sens. Kit S. Bond (Mo.) and James M. Inhofe (Okla.), expressed their doubts about job creation. They said green jobs simply shift employment away from other sectors, and they warned that clean industries need too much government support, making such green jobs expensive. On the same ...


The homeopathic treatment of the acute urinary tract infecion often cannot be successful on first hand. Especially urinary tract infecions tend to relapse, so the dynamic of acute, chronic and miasmatic diseases can be studied well in this example. Natural complementary medicine is suitable to gain time and to ease the acute symptoms; the chances in applying phytotherapy and physiotherapy are shown. In the so called irritable bladder as a complex of functional-vegetative-psychosomatic symptoms homeopathy - as long term e.g. constitutional treatment - is the method of choice.


Motorway capacity is constrained by turbulent sections such as merging, diverging and weaving areas. A motorway weaving section is a segment of the road in which an on-ramp is followed by an off-ramp with limited spacing between them. Various equations have been adopted to determine the capacity of such weaving sections. Some of these include factors such as weaving ratio (R), volume ratio (VR) and weaving configuration which influence the weaving capacity. In this paper, drivers' behaviours at weaving sections were studied in order to assess the effect on capacity of such sections and to aid in the development of a micro-simulation model to evaluate the performance of these sections for various configurations. Factors such as VR, R, the upstream traffic characteristics, the frequency of lane changes (FLC), the percentage of the pre-segregation for the upstream traffic of weaving section and the length of weaving section were investigated. Therefore, seven sites of weaving sections with different configurations and lengths have been selected. The results of the analysed data indicated that the FLC differs according to the configuration of the weaving section. For example, in the case of ramp weaving sections (i.e. lane gain/lane drop), the results indicated that the maximum FLC in every 76 metres (i.e. equivalent to 250 feet) within the weaving section is up to 1500 per hour. This value was found to be much higher than those reported in other studies. In addition, the effective length that is used by those weaving vehicles is also influenced by the type of weaving configuration. For short weaving sections (i.e. 150 metres or less) the effective length is basically the whole length, whereas, for relatively longer weaving sections (i.e. 300 metres or more), the effective length is found to be equal to 200 metres or less.


Objective To observe the efficacy on asthma treated with Chinese herbal acupoint plaster therapy at different seasons and lung functions including forced expiratory volume in one second( FEV1),forced vital capacity( FVC),peak expiratory flow( PEF),FEV1/ FVC,as well as blood routine examination.Methods Ninety- two asthma children were divided into a summer group( 50 cases) and a winter group( 42cases) according to the treatment time. The lung functions and blood routines were determined. Results The total effective rate was 88% in the summer group,higher than 78. 57% in the winter group( P 0. 05). The percentage of eosinophils was reduced apparently after treatment as compared with that before treatment in the two groups( P 0. 05). In the summer group,platelet count was increased after treatment as compared with that before treatment( P 0. 05). The rest indices of blood routines were not different statistically before and after treatment and between the groups( P 0. 05). The every index in lung functions was improved after treatment as compared with that before treatment in the summer group( P 0. 05). The changes of lung functions were not significant before and after treatment in the winter group( P 0. 05). In comparison of lung functions between the groups after treatment,the results in the summer group were better than those in the winter group( P 0. 05). Conclusion Regarding lung functions,the acupoint plaster therapy in summer( dog days) achieves the better efficacy than that in winter. It proves that the traditional TCM theory of"treatment in summer for the disease in winter"is correct and effective and reveals the effect mechanism of Chinese herb acupoint plaster therapy on the prevention and treatment of asthma.


Chinese Women have played a major part in progressively raising China's position in the world sport. To fully understand women's achievement, it is necessary to explore the relationship between society, sport and gender in context of social and Historic development. Not long after the founding of New China, both issues of sport and women were given intensive attention by the Party and Central Government. National and Provincial or municipal sports commissions and sports teams came into being one after another. The promulgation of Marriage Law and Trade Law as well as Constitution accelerated the changes of women's life and status. However, the international and national politics, including the absence and re-entrance of China into the IOC, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, has led to direct impact on women's elite sport. After the introduction of the policy of Economic Reform and Opening Up to the Outside, the equalitarian "big-pot" pra"big-pot"practice was abandoned and sport was in the front line of shift towards commercial and competitive economy. In short, the relationship between society, sport and women's status is changing, complicate and dynamic.


Cytological studies have shown that in the maturation divisions of a large number of species of animals the cells which are to give riseto the spermatozoa are of two kinds, differing from each other in the nature of their chromatin content. The resulting spermatozoa therefore are assumed to be likewise of two kinds. A large mass of indirect evidence makes it highly probable that eggs fertilized by one of these produce only males and those fertilized by the other only females.


The majanos of Chacona form a complex consisting of three highly-stepped pseudo-pyramidal structures, arrayed in an area 120m long and 25m wide. They are made of volcanic stone and filled with lapilli debris, and are located 330m above sea level, in the area of Chacona some 500m north of the centre of Giiimar village and about 30km south of Santa Cruz, the capital of Tenerife in the Canary Islands. As we shall show, this complex may have been used for calendric purposes, although its origins in time remain quite unknown. I


In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time high output power, low pump power threshold density, room-temperature (RT), continuous-wave (CW) operation of an optically-pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (OP-VECSEL) operating at 1.56 μm with an hybrid metal-metamorphic GaAs/AlAs mirror. We believe the maximum monomode TEM00 output power could be significantly increased with both an optimized overlap between the pump and external cavity mode diameters and a more powerful pump.


An accurate and fast method for the determination of formamide in foam plastics by gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was established. Samples of foam plastics were ultrasound extracted with acetone and concentrated, and formamide was separated on a DBWAX column and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC-MS. The result shows that this method is sensitive, accurate and reliable, and the linear relationship is perfect. The average recoveries of formamide in foam plastics at three levels range from 77.8% to 109.4%, the relative standard deviations(n=6) are between 4.65% and 7.69%, the limits of detection is 1.0 μg/g(S /N =10), the correlation coefficient is 0.999 with the mass concentration range of 0.5 to 10 μg/ml. It has been applied to routine determination of formamide in foam plastics with satisfactory results.


ABSTRACT: Indigenous environmental management for sustainability is about the particularity of place, cultural, and spiritual values woven through knowledge of wildlife, forest trees, water, and land. Indigenous values associated with natural resources utilization and conservation might defy some scientific standards as they emphasize symbolic values to indigenous identity, customary law, and environmental philosophy. Symbolic values strengthen belief to indigenous knowledge, which are priceless and are handed down from one generation to the next through apprenticeship or direct participation. Beliefs and knowledge systems require an indigenous perspective to be relevant for use, so databases from every indigenous peoples group need to be appropriately designed for specific users. This study aimed to ascertain how the Agta of Lupigue, Ilagan City, Isabela in the Philippines utilize and conserve the natural resources in their domain. The ethnographic research was used to realize the purpose of this study. In-depth interview and participant observation were rendered to gather information. A review of documentary materials and readings was done to enrich the researchers' knowledge of the culture, knowledge systems, and practices of the respondents. Findings revealed that the Agta are consistent with their home-grown ways of using, protecting, and managing sustainably the ancestral lands and resources that have prevailed upon their identity as a people, despite the onset of science and technology. Indigenous environmental management for sustainability could be achieved by recognizing and understanding indigenous knowledge of natural resources. KEY WORDS: Indigenous Peoples; Environmental Management; Cultural and Spiritual Values; Sustainability; Indigenous Knowledge of Natural Resources. About the Authors: Marites C. Geronimo is a Lecturer at the PNU (Philippine Normal University) in Visayas, Cabahug St., Cadiz City, Negros Occidental, Philippines. Marie Grace S. Cabansag and Agnes S. Reyes are the Lecturers at the PNU (Philippine Normal University) in North Luzon, Aurora, Alicia, Isabela, Philippines. Corresponding authors is: email@example.com How to cite this article? Geronimo, Marites C., Marie Grace S. Cabansag & Agnes S. Reyes. (2016). "Indigenous Utilization of Resources and Conservation Practices of the Agta of Lupigue, Ilagan City, Isabela, Philippines" in EDUCARE: International Journal for Educational Studies , Vol.8(2) February, pp.115-128. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UMP Purwokerto, ISSN 1979-7877. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 12, 2016); Revised (January 22, 2016); and Published (February 28, 2016).


Refereed papers by themes: The (historical) identity of the African City Centre, The African City Centre in a contemporary global context and The future life of the African City Centre.


The recent real estate debt crisis in China has dealt a huge blow to the banking sector. To address this challenge, we construct a dynamic game model that considers the interaction of the government, banks and real estate companies. The model is used to analyze the default behavior of real estate companies and loan losses for banks when facing information asymmetry. In addition, we empirically demonstrate the contagion effect of debt risk of real estate companies to banks, using a sample of 119 listed real estate companies and 42 listed banks in China from 2001 to 2020. The results show the following. (1) The debt risk associated with non-state-owned real estate companies is more likely to be contagious to banks compared to state-owned real estate companies. (2) The contagion effect of debt risk of real estate companies to banks is more significant among small and medium-sized banks. (3) The debt risk of non-state-owned real estate companies is most contagious for rural banks, followed by urban banks. Further tests show that the rising debt risk of non-state-owned real estate companies significantly increases the asset risk of small and medium-sized banks. This effect is reinforced through the liquidity channel. This implies that controlling the contagion of debt risk of non-state-owned real estate companies to small and medium-sized banks is an effective way to prevent the occurrence of banking crises.


Cubic NaZn,?-type compounds of the form La(Fe,Al -x )13 were stabilised with compositions between LaFe6Al, and LaFe12Al (x = 0.86 I ) a low-temperature antiferromagnetic state is present in small external fields. However. upon increasing the field to a few tesla, an exceedingly sharp spin-flip transition with remarkably large hysteresis occurs to the fully saturated ferromagnetic state. The origins of this unusual metamagnetic transition are discussed in terms of the special crystal structure. For compositions above LaFe 11.2A1 Metamagnetism and spin-flip transitions, while rather common in insulating systems (Carlin and van Duyneveldt 1977), especially layered compounds, are more unusual in metallic systems. The few examples which are known to exist are generally described in terms of itinerant electron magnetism (Wohlfarth 1980, 1983) or localised moments in layered structures (Vinokurova et a1 1979a, b, Herpin and Meriel 1961). Here the transitions are mainly sluggish, requiring large fields. Occasionally hysteresis is present and in some cases a first-order phase transition has been claimed (Adachi et a1 1979, Buschow and Schinkel 1976, Vinokurova et a1 1979a, b). In this paper we report on the exceptionally sharp metamagnetic transitions which occur in the cubic, mixed-magnetic intermetallic compounds La(Fe,Al, -x )13 . These transitions are truly first order with temperature-dependent hysteresis and the saturated moment attains the full Fe value. Recently we have succeeded in fabricating several cubic NaZn,, -type pseudobinary compounds with the formulae La (Fe, Sil and La(Fe, All -,)13. The magnetic properties of the former compound were abnormal in so far as an increase of the Fe concentration was accompanied by an increasing Fe moment but a decreasing Curie temperature (Palstra et a1 1983). Furthermore, zero-field susceptibility measurements showed that the critical exponent y in the expression X K ( T Tc)-y was equal to 1.38, characterising these materials as isotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets. The electrical resistivity exhibited anomalous critical behaviour which was explained in terms of lattice softening associated with the Invar effect (Palstra et a1 1983). In order to obtain further insight into the origin of these peculiar phenomena we have extended our magnetic and transport investigations to the La(Fe,A11-,)13 series. This latter system exhibits a most unusual phase diagram. At low x values (x < 0.62) a mictomagnetic-like regime occurs with distinct cusps in the AC susceptibility. Upon increasing the Fe concentration a soft ferromagnetic phase is found 0305-4608/84/08 196 1 + 06 $02.25 @ 1984 The Institute of Physics 1961 1962 T T M Palsrra el a1 which at lower temperatures shows re-entrant mictomagnetic behaviour. Finally, for .Y > 0.86 antiferromagnetic order appears together with a remarkable metamagnetic transition in external fields of a few tesla. We now focus upon the metamagnetic behaviour and reserve a complete description of the La(Fe,Al,-,),, system for future publications (Palstra et a1 1984). The La(Fe,Al,-,)13 samples were prepared by arc melting in a n atmosphere of purified argon gas. The purities of the elements were better than 99.9%. After arc melting the samples were vacuum annealed for about 10 d at 900 "C. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that single-phase samples of the cubic NaZn, , -type structure were obtained in the concentration region between x = 0.46 and 0.92. The concentration dependence of the lattice constant, a, is shown in figure 1 together with the crystal structure. Magnetisation was measured using a vibrating-sample magnetometer operating a t a frequency of 2 1 Hz. Magnetic fields up to 5 T were produced by a superconducting solenoid and were varied in carefully controlled steps. The temperature was measured using a calibrated carbon glass resistor. The high-field (35 T) magnetisation measurements were performed at 4.2 K in the high-field magnet a t Amsterdam (Gersdorf et a1 1983). F o r all measurements perfect spheres were shaped by spark erosion. In figure 2 we show the measured magnetisation curves for x=0.877 as a typical example. The samples were cooled in zero field to helium temperature and then the magnetic field was increased. The spin-flip field a t x=O.877 and 4.2 K, measured with increasing field, is 3.88T, but only 0.6 1 T with decreasing field. The transition takes place within a field change of 1 mT, which is our measuring accuracy. Therefore it is most probably a first-order transition. Analogous behaviour was found for the other samples with s > 0.877. Also an instantaneous heating of the sample was observed at the spin-flip transition and. in addition, there are clear indications of large magnetostrictive effects. After the spin flip a saturation moment of about 2 .2pB/Fe is found in the ferromagnetic state. Figure I . Dependence of the lattice constant, a. on Fe concentration in La(Fe,AII_,r)13. The right-hand scale refers to the distance, d. between the Fe' and Fe" atoms (see text). The inset shows a projection along the c axis for a part of the NaZn13-type unit cell (0, Fe': 0. Fe"; 0, La). Metatnagnetic transitions in cubic La(FeJ1, 1963


The fundamental question as to whether thin intergranular films can adopt an equilibrium thickness in polycrystalline ceramics is addressed. Two continuum approaches are presented, one based on interfacial energies and the other on the force balance normal to the boundary. These indicate that there will exist a stable thickness for the intergranular film and that it will be of the order of 1 nm. The origin of an equilibrium thickness is shown to be the result of two competing interactions, an attractive van der Waals-disperson interaction between the grains on either side of the boundary acting to thin the film and a repulsive term, due to the structure of the intergranular liquid, opposing this attraction. As both of these interactions are of short range (<lo nm), it is a natural consequence that the equilibrium thickness is of the order of 1 nm, a value commensurate with that observed experimentally in a wide range of ceramics. Two further consequences of importance are indicated. The first is that thin intergranular liquid phases can support a normal stress. The second is that the dielectric constants of the adjacent grains play an important role in determining the thicknesses of the intergranular phase. This leads to the conclusion, consistent with observations, that the thickness of the intergranular phase in polyphase ceramics is expected to be different at boundaries between dissimilar phases than that between like phases. NE of the most revealing findings produced during the ex0 amination of ccramic microstructures using the techniques of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy has been the fact that many of these materials contain a thin intergranular (generally siliceous) glass phase. The thickness of the intergranular glass phase can be quite small, being =0.5 to =2 nm in some silicon nitride and zirconia ceramics and upward of =5 nm in some alumina-based materials. In the majority of materials the intergranular phase is both continuous throughout the microstructure and, significantly, located at the two-grain junctions. As presently understood, the presence of a remnant intergranular glass phase can be produced by a number of different processes. In many ceramics, the phase results from the liquid-phase sintering process used to densify them. Examples of these include the silicon nitride alloys, the zinc oxide varistor materials, and alumina substrate materials. In others, such intergranular films are present because the materials are prepared by the controlled but incomplete crystallization of a glass (glass-ceramics). A third, but practically important, category is that in which the phase forms from the impurities present in the starting materials. For instance, a number of the ceramics developed for nuclear waste encapsulation4 and certain of the polycrystalline, tetragonal zirconia ceramics' contain such intergranular films.


Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy are treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis). However, while many AML patients respond to DNMTis, responses are not durable. We previously reporteda novel treatment strategy for AML that combines DNMTis with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis), drugs classically used to treat breast and ovarian cancer patients with BRCA mutations and homologous recombination defects (HRD) (Faraoni and Graziani, 2018). We found that combining low doses of the potent PARP-trapping PARPi talazoparib with DNMTis increases PARP trapping and cytotoxicityin vitroand increases therapeutic efficacy in vivo (Muvarak et al, 2016).
 We have nowidentified a novel mechanism through which DNMTis may sensitize BRCA-proficient AML cells to PARPis. This mechanism is tied to the capacity of these drugs to reprogram cancer signaling networks, including altering DNA repair pathways (Tsai et al, 2012). In studies in AML cell lines (N=6) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AML patients (N=4), we now show that treatment with the DNMTi decitabine (DAC) at a low concentration (10nM) can directly induce HRD, by significantly (p<0.01) down-regulating key genes central to HR activity, including multiple genes in the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, as a mechanism for enhanced PARPi sensitivity.
 How do DNMTis downregulate HR gene expression? We show for the first time that immune signaling is linked to induction of HRD. We have previously shown that DNMTis activate innate immune pathways involving interferon (IFN) □ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) □, a phenomenon known as viral mimicry (Chiappinelli et al, 2015).First, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) AML data sets show an inverse correlation between type 1 interferon (IFN)/pro-inflammatory response and HR-related genes. Second, we verified in BRCA-proficient AML cell lines (N=6) that immune signaling by exogenous TNF□□or IFN□□treatment decreases HR gene expression and activity by more than two-fold for the majority of genes tested (p<0.0001). Third, treatment of AML cells with IFN□and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1/3 inhibitor ruxolitinib can rescue DAC-induced HRD.
 Importantly, we identified a common immune signaling pathway induced by both DNMTis and PARPis. PARPis have also been shown to activate type 1 IFN pathways via induction of cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA sensing through signaling of the cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase - Stimulator of Interferon Genes(cGAS-STING) pathway. We now find that inhibition of STING with inhibitor H-151 (500nM) not only rescues immune signaling induced by PARPi, but also by DAC and PARPi combination treatment. Moreover, the STING inhibitor also rescues DAC- and/or PARPi-induced HRD. These data suggest that STING may be a central signaling hub linked to HRD and also suggest ways in which epigenetic therapy, inhibitors of DNA damage response proteins, and targeted immune therapy can synergize to treat AML.

 Baer: Takeda: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Kite: Research Funding; Forma: Research Funding; AI Therapeutics: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding.


Objective To investigate the clinical results and related factors of 32 cases of non traumatic avascular necrosis in femoral head treated by minimally invasive interventional therapy. Methods Thirty two cases of patients with non traumatic avascular necrosis(44 femoral heads) were selected, and puncture and intubation were performed. Through the tube, papaverine, urokinase, compound radix salviae miltiorrhizae injection, low molecular dextran etc.were infused into the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries and the infusion dose was distributed according to the blood supply features of the femoral head. The procedure was done again after 7~10 days and combined treatment was given between and after the two infusions. Results The angiography showed that after drug infusions, the main blood supply arteries in the femoral heads thickened and lengthened, the ramuli increased. The hip pain and dysfunction in all the patients in this group were relieved to some degree within 7 days after treatment with 100% short term and 72.7% long term follow up effective rate respectively. The patients in stages Ⅰ~Ⅲ responded well and those in stages Ⅳ and Ⅴ not so well to the therapy. Conclusion The therapy can improve the local blood circulation in the femoral head, make the necrotic bone absorbed and new bone formed. It has certain clinical effect.


The dendritic AlN associated with poor ductility on straightening during continuous casting is believed to always crystallise out in the hcp structure. The present paper shows that AlN precipitation can also be present as an fcc phase. Because AlN precipitation is sluggish and needs suitable nucleants like MnS to aid its precipitation, the crystal structure of AlN is dependent on the order in which the austenite and MnS precipitate out during solidification. When austenite forms first, as with the 1%Al transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel, MnS nucleants are not available and AlN is forced to precipitate at the austenite grain boundaries as fcc so encouraging intergranular failure. With the 1.5%Al TRIP steel, on solidification, MnS is present in abundance, giving rise to the conventional hcp AlN.


The characteristic impedance and image impedance of two-port networks are discussed in this paper. The characteristic impedance and image impedance are introduced in two-port networks of circuit analysis. It has been found that there are two kinds of definitions on characteristic impedance in textbooks. Some textbooks treats characteristic impedance and image impedance are the same in concept. Such inconsistency in definition can often cause confusions. This paper has distinguishes characteristic impedance and image impedance after reviewing literature and consulting experts.


Along with the transformation of economic stage and the evolution of population structure, the local government debt problem brought by deep aging is an important proposition facing China's high-quality economic development. Based on the realistic background that China's population aging continues to deepen and the scale of local debts expands rapidly, this thesis systematically compares the impact mechanism of population aging on local government debts. Based on the provincial panel data from 2007-2021, the dynamic effects between the two are analyzed in depth based on the panel threshold regression model; finally, corresponding policy recommendations are proposed based on the research results and the actual situation in China, in order to effectively cope with the impact of population aging on local government debt in China.


Spontaneous firing and the discharges evoked by A-and/or C-fiber inputs (AED, C-ED, AC-ED) of saphenou nerve were recorded in the somatosensory conical(SI) neurons (n=128) of the cats anesthetized with chloralose and paralysed by gallamine. Normalized power spectrum density function (NPSDF) was used to analyse the neuron discharges. The results showed that 1) all the NPSDFs for the spontaneous discharges were single-peak with a peak frequency of 3. 91±1. 63 Hz (spontaneous rhythm) and a peak value of 0. 0154±0. 0045;2) the NPSDFs of A-ED showed a single peak (peak value 0. 021±0. 0054) and an overlapped double-peak (with spontaneous discharge) or a separate multi-peak (without spontaneous discharge); 3) the NPSDFs of C-ED showed a single peak (peak value 0. 020±0. 007) or a separate double-peak; 4) the NPSDFs of AC-ED have two patterns: a single peak (peak value 0. 023±0. 004) and an overlapped multi-peak. It is suggested that A-fiber input can potentiate the rhythms of the sponntaneous discharge and induce specific rhythm; that C-fiber input can potentiate the spontaneous rhythm and induce characteristic Crhythm. It is also observed that both spontaneous rhythm and evoked rhythm affect each other; that the evoked rhythms by A-fiber and C-fiber inputs also affect each other.


In the context of quantum tomography, we recently introduced a quantity called a partial determinant \cite{jackson2015detecting}. PDs (partial determinants) are explicit functions of the collected data which are sensitive to the presence of state-preparation-and-measurment (SPAM) correlated errors. As such, PDs bypass the need to estimate state-preparation or measurement parameters individually. In the present work, we suggest a theoretical perspective for the PD. We show that the PD is a holonomy and that the notions of state, measurement, and tomography can be generalized to non-holonomic constraints. To illustrate and clarify these abstract concepts, direct analogies are made to parallel transport, thermodynamics, and gauge field theory. This paper is the first of a two part series where the second paper [2] is about scalable applications of the PD to multiqudit systems.


To the extent that the UK's decision to withdraw from the EU can be interpreted as a reassertion of the classic ideas of Westphalian sovereign statehood, it questions the relevance of constitutional pluralism as a resolutely 'post-sovereign' model of relations between state administrations and their supranational counterparts. This contribution will therefore examine the usefulness and relevance of the idea of constitutional pluralism after Brexit. It looks at the various features and relationships affected by the Brexit process analysing the relevance of constitutional pluralism to each relationship pre- and post-Brexit, concluding that, whereas Brexit clearly affects the different relationships involved, constitutional pluralism can and will remain relevant to EU/UK relations as well as within the EU, well into the future.


The telegraph strike of 1908 occurred at many nodes of the telegraph system in British India and Burma, paralysing governance and business. In this paper, I suggest that the strike was a symptom of the systemic crisis in world telegraphy faced with technological change and competition. I introduce the category of transregional economic general strike as a tool to analyse strikes in the communication sectors. The strike demonstrated the ability of one of the earliest virtual communities in India to combine and organize worker protest. This multistage strike momentarily transcended the specific, and usually rigid, distinctions of race, class, and ethnicity through the production of community-at-a-distance. The strike occurred simultaneously among different sections of workers in Rangoon, Moulmein, Calcutta, Allahabad, Agra, Bombay, Madras, Lahore, and Karachi, to name just a few of the places involved. Both telegraph signallers as well as the subordinate staff went on strike. By concentrating on the relationship between technological change and labour, the paper demonstrates how workers across this part of the British Empire were capable of charting a general agenda in the first decade of the twentieth century, using technology to combine and combat technological rationalization.


The most important contribution of ecology is the idea of the region as an intricate network of interrelations. A change in any one factor of the environment brings about a complete change in the milieu, and man is a part of the processes by which the balance of the region is maintained or shifted. The permanence of civilization depends on man's understanding of, and co-operation with, the totality of the region's forces. The law of diminishing returns is part of a wider law of the exhaustion of the store of nature when man destroys the established cycle of the region's life-processes. Where man has torn the web of life nature seeks to repair it through a reduction of the population to numbers that the ecologic balance may permit. Many countries have adopted a standard of consumption with little reference to the resources. Science must comprehend the web of relations between human life and organic and inorganic nature and reveal the relation between cause and effect between man's activities and the remote phases of transformation in nature's life processes.


Objectives.  To review the nonsurgical and surgical treatment and the role of insulin‐sensitizing agents in the management of anovulatory infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).


Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to describe a collaborative project from the University of Waikato, Hamilton New Zealand, in which the authors used process drama to engage final year teaching students with complex issues of cultural diversity, enabling them to "grow into" different kinds of leadership positions in an imagined educational setting. The paper describes the project and makes a case for process drama as a means of providing opportunities for leadership and as a potent tool for learning about issues of social justice.Design/methodology/approach – The drama was based on a fictional scenario described by Hall and Bishop, where a beginner teacher (of European descent) unwittingly diminishes the experiences of Maori and other non‐European children in her class. Using a three‐phase process planning model and with facilitators in role alongside the students, the drama explored the scenario from all points of view. Students were encouraged to build empathy for the beginner teacher and for the ...


This paper deals with free vibration and buckling behavior of non-uniform Euler-Bernoulli beam under variation of tapered parameter and degree of flexural bending by using Finite Element Method and linked with Matlab Program. The results obtained were compared with those results given in the literatures and it is found that the natural frequency and buckling load decrease with increasing the tapered parameter and degree of flexural stiffness of tapered beams.


RESULTS Of 584 patients, the AT/AF episodes were detected in 39% (231 patients; 78.6 y/o, male 126) during 1400 days follow-up, who are divided into 3 groups based on AT/AF duration; Group-1: AT/ AF>60min (n1⁄4112), Group-2: AT/AF>5, 60min (n1⁄443), Group-3: AT/ AF 5min (n1⁄476). Stroke occurrence rate per year was higher in Group1 and 2 compared to Group-3, 0.75%, 0.85% vs. 0.25%, respectively.


Navier's (1823) slip condition, where the tangential velocity is proportional to the shear stress, may apply at micro-scales for a viscous liquid on walls with modified surfaces, e.g. hydrophobic ones in water. Experiments by Lumma et al (2003) show the difficulties involved in measuring such a slip. At small scales, particle-wall hydrodynamic interactions are important. They are modeled here for a dilute suspension of spherical solid particles near a slip wall. Consider a translating and rotating sphere (on which the no-slip condition applies) in an ambient parabolic flow. Analytical solutions of Stokes equations for the various elementary flow fields were obtained (Feuillebois et al 2009, 2011) as series in bispherical coordinates. The coefficients in the series are solutions of an infinite linear system, which is solved by an extension of Thomas' algorithm, allowing to calculate a large number of terms. Accurate results are available for the force, torque and stresslet on a sphere, velocity of a freely moving sphere and diffusion tensor. The Aris-Taylor dispersion of Brownian particles in a shear flow near a slip wall gives a large bias in the measurement of slip (Vinogradova et al, 2009). It is calculated here from the advection-diffusion equation, using the expressions for the particle velocity and diffusion tensor near a slip wall.


One kind having a built-in LED lamp life end in advance announcement function and realize the LED lamp having a simple configuration and low cost. The LED lamp system comprising: AC power connection portion; a power conversion portion; LED group. The life time preannouncement portion including: counting means for measuring the power cycle in accordance with the frequency of the AC power source, integrating means, counting means for storing the power of integrating, and a power supply mode control means for controlling an LED lighting the power supply mode control means being responsive to an integrated value exceeds a predetermined standard integrating means and runs in a predetermined life time preannouncement mode.


1 THE ability to recover from a fall when balance is lost has been shown to be dependent on the ability to take rapid and long recovery steps ( 1 ). Studies showed that older compared with young adults have reduced step length ( 2 ), lateral second step following a forward or backward step ( 3 ), increased frequency of collisions of the legs during lateral stepping ( 2 ), and slower voluntary and compensatory step velocities ( 4 – 6 ). These might be related to the inability to generate lower limb muscle power, which is particularly relevant for explosive and rapid tasks. The impulse is an elementary physical quantity that expresses the force – time relation, which is related to the rapid production of the muscle strength that is needed during the preparatory and swing phases of stepping. Time is a crucial factor in making a force useful in fast situations because force application for long periods of time is not useful. Thus, lower limb muscle power was suggested to be more indicative of the risk of falls than strength in older adults ( 7 ). Another factor potentially limiting an effective and rapid stepping response is the simultaneous performance of an attention-demanding task ( 8 ). Dual-task paradigms have been used to simulate real-life situations when the requirement to step rapidly commonly occurs under more complicated circumstances, that is, when cognitive – attention resources are focused elsewhere (e.g., reading street signs or talking while walking). The dual task requires substantially more central information processing ( 9 ). The available processing resources are assumed to be limited ( 10 ), which may lead to task interference, especially in older adults. In a dual-task situation, older adults make more frequent obstacle contacts when walking ( 11 ), take a longer time to recover from instability ( 12 ), slow down while walking ( 13 ), increase sway in quiet stance ( 14 ), and present slower step velocities ( 4 , 5 ) in comparison with single-task situations. Balance-impaired elders take a longer time to regain a stable position when responding to platform perturbations and concurrently performing a cognitive task compared with responding to a postural task alone ( 15 ). Recurrent fallers show slower voluntary step execution times compared with nonfallers, in dual-task condition only, with an increased Cognitive Load Affects Lower Limb Force – Time Relations During Voluntary Rapid Stepping in Healthy Old and Young Adults


This paper discusses the search for an adsorbent to be used as support material for a crude lipase preparation. Entrapment of the lipase into acrylamide gel lattice gave an enzyme preparation with high activity and amount of immobilized enzyme protein. The properties of the immobilized lipase were investigated and compared with those of the crude lipase. The pH and temperature optima shifted from 6.0 to 5.0 and 40°C to 35°C, respectively upon immobilization. The kinetic study of the immobilized lipase showed a higher in Km value, but the same Vmax compared with crude lipase. The enzyme was still active after the sixth reaction cycle using a shake flask system, indicating the enzyme stability towards repeated use. Lipolytic action of the free and immobilized lipase on coconut oil was monitored by gas-liquid chromatography. An increase of 12% on the degree of hydrolysis was noted when immobilized lipase was used.


The well known binary, decimal, ..., number systems in the integers admit many generalisations. Here, we investigate whether still every integer could have a finite expansion on a given integer base b, when we choose a digit set that does not contain 0. We prove that such digit sets exist and we provide infinitely many examples for every base b with |b| ≥ 4, and for b = −2. For the special case b = −2, we give a full characterisation of all valid digit sets.


PURPOSE: To effectively change the density and size of dots. CONSTITUTION: A printer controller 28 sends transmitted picture data to a laser unit 26 and the unit 26 projects prescribed light upon a donor member 36 through an optical fiber 24, an array 24a, a zoom lens 32, and a printing head 14. Consequently, the dye on the donor member 36 is transferred to a receiving member 36. The controller 28 performs half-tone printing by controlling the light emission from the laser unit 26 in accordance with a dot matrix value indicating the density of dots and a sub-dot matrix value indicating the density of one dot. In addition, the zoom lens 32 expands or contacts the dot matrix value. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Within the small nation of Wales there have been considerable shifts in media production, with the opening of BBC Wales' Drama Village in Cardiff Bay in March 2012. This paper considers the impact of such production shifts on how audiences understand and respond to celebrity, exploring how audiences in the local area of South Wales discuss the famous figures that they may encounter in their everyday lives. Whilst many celebrities are considered to be internationally renowned, this paper examines how stardom operates when figures are not universally recognisable. Building on recent work on local forms of celebrity, this paper explores how the figure of the 'localebrity' is constructed and discussed, arguing that the association of celebrities with specific locations imbues those places with cultural worth. Drawing on empirical audience research conducted in South East Wales, this paper examines how celebrity can be understood in terms of figures specific to certain small nations, adopted localebrity, and local (usually unmediated) characters.


Chromium (II) fluoroperovskites $A\mathrm{CrF_3}(A\mathrm{=Na^+,K^+})$ are strongly correlated Jahn-Teller active materials at low temperatures. In this paper, we examine the role that the $A$-site ion plays in this family of fluoroperovskites using both experimental methods (XRD, optical absorption spectroscopy and magnetic fields) and DFT simulations. Temperature-dependent optical absorption experiments show that the spin-allowed transitions $E_2$ and $E_3$ only merge completely for $A$= Na at 2 K. Field-dependent optical absorption measurements at 2 K show that the oscillating strength of the spin-allowed transitions in $\mathrm{NaCrF_3}$ increases with increasing applied field. Direct magneto-structural correlations which suppress the spin-flip transitions are observed for ${\rm KCrF_3}$ below its Neel temperature. In ${\rm NaCrF_3}$ the spin-flip transitions vanish abruptly below 9 K revealing magneto-optical correlations not linked to crystal structure changes. This suggests that as the long range ordering is reduced local JT effects in the individual ${\rm CrF_6^{4-}}$ octahedra take control of the observed behavior. Our results show clear deviation from the pattern found for the isoelectronic $A_x{\rm MnF}_{3+x}$ system. The size of the $A$-site cation is shown to be central in dictating the physical properties and phase transitions in $A{\rm CrF}_3$, opening up the possibility of varying the composition to create novel states of matter with tuneable properties.


This comprehensive overview documents and explains who influences educational policy and how, bringing to life the realities of schooling in the 21st century and revealing the ongoing ideological struggles at play.


The invention belongs to the field of building materials, and particularly relates to a concrete pipeline mud-jacking agent and a preparation method thereof. The invention adopts the technical scheme that the concrete pipeline mud-jacking agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5 to 2 percent of efficient water reducing agent, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of stabilizer, 1 to 5 percent of early expansion agent, 35 to 55 percent of medium and later expansion agent, 0.1 to 1 percent of retarder, 0.2 to 1 percent of rust inhibitor, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of air entraining agent and 50 to 60 percent of mineral admixture. The concrete pipeline mud-jacking agent has the advantages of wide raw material source, good mobility, high strength, no bleeding or layering, good durability, ageing resistance, low chlorine ion content, no corrosion to steel bars, firmness, high filling property, one-time mud-jacking construction, capability of making slurry in a pipeline compact and pore-free, no shrinkage, no rust corrosion of prestressed steel bars, and firm adhesion with concrete.


Soy protein regulates cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism via the liver X alpha‐receptor (LXRα). Soy isoflavones do not interact directly to regulate the expression of lipogenesis and reverse cholesterol transport genes. However, it is not know whether isoflavones can modulate the expression of these genes indirectly such as dithiolethiones that transactivate LXRα activity. With this purpose, we analyze the effects of the isoflavones genistein and daidzein in primary cultured hepatocytes stimulated with or without the synthetic ligand of LXRα, T0901317. Incubation of hepatocytes with T0901317 increased significantly FAS, ACC, SCD1, ABCA1, and ABCG5 mRNA concentration with respect to the control group. Incubation of hepatocytes with either genistein or daidzein did not show an effect on the expression of these genes. Interestingly, hepatocytes stimulated with T0901317 with one of the isoflavones, significantly reduced the stimulating effect of the synthetic ligand of LXRα on lipogenic genes. However, this treatment increased the expression of ABCG5 reverse cholesterol transporter. The inhibitory or stimulatory effects of isoflavones on cells stimulated with T0901317, suggest that isoflavones may regulate indirectly the activity of LXRα differentially on lipogenic and reverse cholesterol transport genes. Supported by CONACYT Grant No 84786 (to O.G)


ABSTRACT In this paper, the focus is on sequential analysis of multivariate financial time series with heavy tails. The mean vector and the covariance matrix of multivariate non linear models are simultaneously monitored by modifying conventional control charts to identify structural changes in the data. The considered target process is a constant conditional correlation model (cf. Bollerslev, 1990), an extended constant conditional correlation model (cf. He and Teräsvirta, 2004), a dynamic conditional correlation model (cf. Engle, 2002), or a generalized dynamic conditional correlation model (cf. Capiello et al., 2006). For statistical surveillance we use control charts based on residuals. Further, the procedures are constructed for t-distribution. The detection speed of these charts is compared via Monte Carlo simulation. In the empirical study, the procedure with the best performance is applied to log-returns of the stock market indices FTSE and CAC.


This report provides an assessment of RETRAN'S ability to be used to provide best estimate reference information for the qualification of full-scope power plant training simulators. RETRAN analyses which compare RETRAN predictions to the plant data or the test facility data are summarized. The relationship between the RETRAN qualification studies and the simulator test matrix presented in EPRI NP-424, Analytic Simulator Qualification Methodology, and the requirements of ANSI/ANS-3.5 are discusses.


It all began in 1991, when publisher IDG Books Worldwide irresolutely published Dan Gookin's DOS for Dummies in an initial press run of only 7500 copies. Two years and a million copies later, Alpha Books followed suit with The Complete Idiot's Guide to DOS.


The nature of the adhesion of oxide to metal is a problem which we are only just beginning to understand from a fundamental point of view. What governs the choice of atomic sites where oxide and metal make contact? What is the chemical nature of the interatomic bonding and how strong is it? It has very recently become possible to solve the Schrodinger equation with sufficient accuracy to answer these questions for a simple system. We illustrate this with the niobium-sapphire interaction, for which the calculations provide an explanation of the structure observed in high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Some of the results of detailed quantum mechanical calculations can be interpreted with simple electrostatic concepts such as ionic bonding and the image interaction.


The balloon borne cryogenic heterodyne spectrometer TELIS allows limb sounding of the Earth's atmosphere within the sub-millimetre and far-infrared spectral range. The instrument was developed by a consortium of major European institutes that includes the Space Research Organisation of the Netherlands (SRON), the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the United Kingdom and the German Aerospace Center (DLR, lead institute). The instrument offers three channels sensitive within the frequency ranges of 450-650 GHz, 499-503 GHz and 1.790 – 1.870 THz. All receivers utilise state-of-the-art superconducting heterodyne technology [1]. Like all remote sensing instruments, TELIS requires a full characterisation of the instrumental errors. A known error budget in the calibrated radiance spectra is necessary to obtain verified gas concentration profiles. A major characterisation campaign was carried out, utilizing gas cell measurements of OCS and Methanol in order to identify and correct the main error sources. The cell measurements enabled the characterisation of the full instrument under controlled and well known conditions which were kept close to in-flight conditions. Opaque lines with known intensity were recorded at different IF-frequencies. The information obtained from these measurements allowed us to investigate the dominant radiometric error sources of the TELIS instrument caused by non-linearities in the signal chain. The results are merged with results obtained from a former characterisation campaign of the isolated TELIS IF-chain including a reference spectrometer [2] as well as with results obtained from in-flight spectra.


Cao Xueqin's father is Cao Yong or Cao Fu, the Hong studies up to now did not have the solution. From Hu Shi according to "Cao vs. Jia Inter-proving" proposed the Xueqin is Cao Fu' son at 1921, the majority books all pick this conclusion, but Hu Shi's deduction method itself is certainly unscientific. The support Xueqin was the Cao Fu posthumous child basis is Cao Fu 1715 "Plays booklet to explains the situation about mother ", but could not provide irrevocably proved "official Zhoutong" Cao Tianyou was Cao Xueqin which the historical records did not pass on. Therefore Xueqin father question since 1931 Li Xuanbo thought "is unclear", always is fast knot in the Hong studies research.


This dissertation explores false and malicious allegations of rape made by women against men and the effect this has on the workings of the criminal justice system. Further objectives include examining the reasons why false claims are made, to what extent they contribute to the low conviction rate in rape cases which is currently only 6% (Home Office, 2010) and examining the role that alcohol and drugs may play in making a false allegation. These issues were investigated through both library based and primary research that took the form of semi- structured interviews with a convenience sample including a police officer specialising in the field of rape, a prosecuting barrister for the Crown Prosecution Service and someone who has recently been accused of rape. The study found that false allegations of rape made by women do affect the workings of the criminal justice system, and professionals working within the field of rape are becoming more aware of them through their profession and due to high levels of media coverage detailing such stories. It concluded that false allegations of rape further feed into the 'culture of scepticism' by police and the judiciary as evidenced by previous research; suggesting that they are another rape myth that genuine victims must overcome for a conviction to be obtained. It also concluded that granting anonymity to someone who has been falsely accused of rape has many advantages, however is unlikely to be passed through government without research findings to warrant such a shift in policy.


The 2,4,6-trithiocyanurate complex [2,4,6-C3N3(SAuL)3] is stable when L = triphenylphosphine, but when L = tert-butyl isocyanide, it reacts to give the hexagold(I) complex [{C3N3(AuL)(SAuL)S2(μ-Au)}2], which contains short intramolecular Au···Au bonds and forms a novel two-dimensional sheet structure through intermolecular Au···Au bonding.


In principle there is a parallel. In both cases, the 'base-restrictive' states have wanted to mark positions deviating from those of the other members of the alliance. The interesting point is why of all the members just the Scandinavian countries and France have f ound it necessary to adopt such a position. Is it due to coincidence or to common features of their policies? This question cannot be dealt with in full in this article, but the two cases provide grounds for examining the factors which may influenced a state's refusal to have troops of other member countries stationed on its


Principled behavior seems to defy evolutionary logic. Principled people consistently abide by their principles, ignore tradeoffs or compromises, and pursue the principles for transcendental reasons, such as that they are "right", decreed by God, or part of an eternal debt to the emperor. Here, we explain principled behavior as a combination of what we call "committed agents" and "impersonators". Committed agents are individuals whose extreme psychology compels them to never deviate from a maxim and who are especially trustworthy for it. Imitators non-consciously masquerade as committed agents to garner trust. Given that observers can only determine whether a person is genuinely committed on the basis of their behavior, impersonators must appear to never deviate from the maxim, never think about deviating, pursue the maxim for the reason motivating committed agents, and justify ambiguous or compromising decision as conforming to the principle. We use this account to explain key features of principled behavior as well as seemingly unrelated phenomena, including cognitive dissonance, foot-in-the-door effects, moral licensing, sacred values, the expanding moral circle, and beliefs in supernatural punishment. Principled behavior consists of the behavior of rare extreme individuals and strategic attempts by others to pass as them.


The biological diversity was the foundation for humanity to survive and develop,and the forfeiture of the biodiversity had become a hotspot problem.One of the major reasons for the sharp decrease of the biodiversity was the intrusive alien species.The intrusive alien species had influence on genetic diversity,species diversity,ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity,so as to increase the vanishing speed of the biodiversity.Much more attention should be paid.And effective measures should be taken to prevent the intrusion of alien species.


The Meshless Lattice Boltzmann Method (MLBM) is a numerical tool that relieves the standard Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) from regular lattices and, at the same time, decouples space and velocity discretizations. In this study, we investigate the numerical convergence of MLBM in two benchmark tests: the Taylor-Green vortex and annular (bent) channel flow. We compare our MLBM results to LBM and to the analytical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation. We investigate the method's convergence in terms of the discretization parameter, the interpolation order, and the LBM streaming distance refinement. We observe that MLBM outperforms LBM in terms of the error value for the same number of nodes discretizing the domain. We find that LBM errors at a given streaming distance $\delta x$ and timestep length $\delta t$ are the asymptotic lower bounds of MLBM errors with the same streaming distance and timestep length. Finally, we suggest an expression for the MLBM error that consists of the LBM error and other terms related to the semi-Lagrangian nature of the discussed method itself.


PV faults have caused rooftop fires in the U.S., Europe, and elsewhere in the world. One prominent cause of past electrical fires was the ground fault detection "blind spot" in fuse-based protection systems uncovered by the Solar America Board for Codes and Standards (SolarABCs) steering committee in 2011. Fortunately, a number of alternatives to ground fault fuses have been identified, but there has been limited adoption and historical use of these technologies in the United States. This paper investigates the efficacy of one of these devices known as isolation monitoring (or isolation resistance monitoring, Riso) in small (~3kW) and large (~700 kW) arrays. Unfaulted and faulted PV arrays were monitored with Riso technology and compared to SPICE simulations to recommend appropriate thresholds to the maximize the range of ground faults which could be detected while minimizing unwanted tripping. Based on analytical and computational models, it is impossible to determine a trip threshold that provides fire safety and negates unwanted tripping issues. This paper mathematically demonstrates that appropriate Riso trip thresholds must be determined on an array-by- array basis with sufficient leeway by system operators to adjust trip threshold settings for their particular usage cases.


We investigate the self-dual three-state quantum chain with
nearest-neighbor interactions and S_3S3,
time-reversal, and parity symmetries. We find a rich phase diagram
including gapped phases with order-disorder coexistence, integrable
critical points with U(1)U(1)
symmetry, and ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic critical regions
described by three-state Potts and free-boson conformal field theories
respectively. We also find an unusual critical phase which appears to be
described by combining two conformal field theories with distinct "Fermi
velocities". The order-disorder coexistence phase has an emergent
fractional supersymmetry, and we find lattice analogs of its
generators.


This is a case study of the contribution of independent researchers employed to obtain feedback on performance in home care services for a Best Value exercise in Luton. The authors report their findings and then speculate on how local authorities might enhance the process to achieve more informed consultation with service users.


Nitrogenous contaminants in the diesel fraction are converted to NOx compounds in an automotive combustion chamber. Afterwards, they are reduced to nitrogen by catalytic reduction/oxidation reactions in presence of ammonia derived from a 32.5 wt.% urea solution. This process is named selective catalytic reduction (SCR). In Brazil, the urea solution for SCR is ARLA 32 and must comply with the limit content of 0.3 wt.% of biuret. However, the commercial Brazilian urea solution has an average biuret content of 0.5 wt.%. Thus, it is necessary to adjust the biuret content in urea solution to be used as ARLA 32, and adsorption is a low energy option. The objective of this study was to evaluate commercial adsorbents for removing biuret from solution of commercial urea to adjust it to the specification of ARLA 32. Two activated coals and one ion exchange resin were tested in adsorption assays, with best performances of both coals.


The limits of beam-to-radio frequency (RF) efficiency, which are achievable using klystrons, are discussed in this article. Interaction between the electron beam and RF field in the output cavity is also investigated. A 100% efficiency could be achieved for certain RF fields and point-like beams. However, efficiency is reduced when fringe field, space–charge effect, and transverse beam distribution are considered. Numerical calculations on these factors are presented to investigate the power extraction mechanism in the output cavity, which will help in the optimization of future klystron designs. Large-signal klystron simulation code KlyC is used for 1-D and 1.5-D calculations.


When augmenting our cosmological models or gravitational theories with an additional light scalar field, any coupling between matter and this scalar can affect the orbital motion of binary systems. Ordinarily, the new force mediated by the scalar can be naturally the same order of magnitude as the usual gravitational force and therefore is tightly constrained. We show that a disformal coupling between the scalar and matter can lead to a novel screening mechanism in which these fifth forces are suppressed by several orders of magnitude at sufficiently small separations and large relative velocities (such as solar system scales). This is a result of resumming a class of ladder diagrams, which suppresses the propagation of scalar signals between the two bodies. Moreover, we are able to relate potential ambiguities in this resummation to non-perturbative effects (which are invisible to perturbation theory). As a result, solar system tests and future gravitational wave observations can now be used to place meaningful constraints on scalar-tensor theories with disformal couplings. We exemplify this using observational bounds on the precession of planetary orbits.


Considering the relatively high concentrations of airborne apple pollen in apple orchards at flowering time, the present study was undertaken to determine the relative roles of airborne and insect borne pollen in the pollination of apples. Enclosing trees of Yates apples, each grafted with a limb of Jonathan, in bee-proof cages caused significant reduction in the number of fruit set, the weight of fruit harvested, and the number of seeds per Fruit as compared with uncaged trees, although airborne apple pollen concentrations were 4.07 times higher inside the cages than outside. Concentrations of airborne apple pollen are greatest in late morning and early afternoon. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient conditions, temperature having a major effect. There appears to be a threshold of flight activity in the region of 13¦C. Ripening and dehiscence of anthers of Yates apple are promoted by higher temperatures and lower humidities.


HIV interventions that attend to mental health problems among vulnerable populations in sub-Saharan Africa have become a priority. This is especially so among mobile populations, such as female fish traders in Zambia, who are at increased risk of trauma, subsequent adverse mental health risks including post-traumatic stress and HIV risk or transmission risk behaviours. To date, there have been no known integrated HIV and mental health interventions among mobile populations in Zambia. Furthermore, although the adaptation of evidence-based interventions to address intersecting risks in non-western contexts has been growing, there is a gap in rigorous adaptation research methods that rely upon the target population for collaborative contextual input. This article aims to describe the application of the ADAPT-ITT (Assessment, Decisions, Administration, Production, Topical experts, Integration, Training staff and Testing) method to adapt an evidence-based intervention (Living in the Face of Trauma) to address intersecting HIV, trauma and mental health risks among female fish traders in Zambia. More specifically, we describe the collaborative and iterative process used and highlight the unique role of social workers throughout this process. Results from the ADAPT-ITT method show promise for the adapted intervention, In Solidarity: Emotional-Coping, Problem-Solving and Entrepreneurship.


It points out the limit condition existing in the design of construction,combined with the projects practice,aiming at the limit condition,it continues analyses and eliminates in the process of creation,finds and uses the freeness in limiting as the precondition and guiding policy of the design and creation,to solve the "limit" problems in the design of construction.


This article aims to explore a set of qualitative and historical methods, and more specifically document analysis and narrative, and of life and oral history interview, this to the study of organizational phenomenon. In fulfilling this objective, first, the concepts and techniques for each of these methods are presented, and second, the application of these methods together in organizational studies is analyzed, this as the purpose and operation. The use of coordinated and complementary manner of document analysis, narrative interview, life history interview and correlative oral history interview in organizational studies allows the organizational researcher the appreciation both discursive reconstruction of something that was experienced by the subject, and the reconstitution of a past that does not always hold in people's memories.