The article presents both traditional and innovative approaches to understanding the goals, essence, content, and appropriate organization of a laboratory-based practicals on the methodology of teaching physics. It outlines the didactic features of its organization, which consist in the fact that the students' and the teacher's attention is focused on the activities of the students and the teacher and the subject – the content of the school physics course in general and the educational physics experiment (EPE). The article substantiates the importance of combining modern information and communication technologies with various types of educational physical experiments during laboratory-based classes on the methodology of teaching physics for the formation of professional competences for future physics teachers. The methodological features to organize laboratory-based classes on the methodology of teaching physics for future teachers of physics are described, and the content of methodological and instructional materials for laboratory works on the methodology of teaching physics for students of the master's degree program is presented, which is based on the main provisions of the physics curriculum for students of general secondary schools education, and aimed at forming the professional competences of future physics teachers in simulated conditions (conditions close to professional activity). An indicative template "Physical Experiment Maps" for a laboratory workshop on physics teaching methods is proposed. Didactic support for students' independent work during laboratory classes on physics teaching methods using information and communication technologies tools is presented: virtual demonstrations are selected and tasks for their implementation by students-future physics teachers are developed.


A study of the demand for currency which differs in two ways from other studies is reported. First, the long-run demand is specified solely as a function of a transactions variable unlike other studies which typically include the rate of interest in its long-run function. The reason for this specification stems from the fact that cointegration tests reject the interest rate variable as a long-run determinant of the demand for currency. Second, this study does not assume a constant speed of adjustment in the short-run demand equation. Instead, the empirical analysis supported the hypothesis that the role of the rate of interest is to influence the demand for currency in the short run, by affecting the speed at which actual stocks adjust to their long-run levels.


Luminescence techniques are powerful and sensitive probes to study imperfections, impurities and modifications of insulating materials. They are used in a wide range of disciplines from condensed matter physics to archaeology and mineralogy and the methods have developed over nearly a century. Early equipment was often not quantitative and data were collected in formats that were difficult to process and manipulate, and so signals were frequently presented in terms of the initial signals without corrections for equipment spectral sensitivity. Unfortunately not only did this distort the information but often it resulted in incorrect interpretations. Further, the incorrect data handling has persisted into modern usage both by physicists and those in other fields who merely use luminescence as a sensitive technique. Several main types of problem are considered. These include temperature errors in thermoluminescence dosimetry; subtleties in the signal intensity corrections for the responses of both the spectrometer and detectors; grating polarization effects; sample anisotropy; and common errors in spectral deconvolution, especially failure to transform from wavelength to energy plots.


Carbon nanotube was prepared by reacting CH4 over supported Ni catalyst at elevated temperature. The influences of support and other reaction conditions such as temperature, CH4 concentration and addition of O2 or CO2 to the reactant on the formation of carbon nanotube were investigated. It was found that the formation of carbon nanotube was favoured when the reaction was performed at relatively low temperature with dilute CH4 as the reactant. Addition of O2 or CO2 to the reactant is helpful to the removal of graphite and amorphous carbon deposition on the catalyst and therefore will be favorable to the growth of carbon nanotube.


: In this article, graphene nanoplatelets (GN) were used as nanofiller and twin-screw extrusion process was applied to synthesis of Polyamide 6 / Graphene Nanoplatelets (PA6/GN) nanocomposites. Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractions (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the resultant structure. According to the results of FTIR and XRD measurement, α phase dominated in neat PA6, while the γ phase also could be observed at PA6/GN nanocomposites. Compared with the neat PA6, the PA6/GN nanocomposites exhibited better improvement in thermal analysis results due to the new and dominant crystal form.


The synthesis technologies of zeolite with fly ash,such as hydro-thermal method,alkali fusion were discussed.Optimal parameters were obtained finally by tests.The experimental results of removing Cr~(6+) from waste water showed that the zeolite would have good applied prospect in the area of water treatment.


Synthesis and properties of iron-doped zirconium titanate (ZrTiO4) as a potential visible-light-responsive photocatalyst had been conducted. Various iron dopant concentration and calcination temperature were investigated toward the properties of Fe-doped ZrTiO4. The photocatalyst material was synthesized by sol-gel and impregnation method. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) was used as a precursor, embedded on zirconia fine powder. A certain amount of iron (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 wt.%) was introduced into the photocatalyst system from iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O). Photocatalyst with various iron concentration calcined at 500 °C. ZrTiO4 with 5% iron additionally was calcined at 700 and 900 °C. Characterization was performed by using XRD, FT-IR, SR-UV, and SEM-EDX. The presence of iron on the surface of ZrTiO4 was proved by EDX analysis. Fe-doped ZrTiO4 with the lowest bandgap (2.83 eV) is 7% of iron content after calcination at 500 °C.


We propose and analyze sparse deterministic-stochastic tensor Galerkin finite element methods (sparse sGFEMs) for the numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) with random coefficients in a physical domain $D\subset\mathbb{R}^d$. In tensor product sGFEMs, the variational solution to the boundary value problem is approximated in tensor product finite element spaces $V^\Gamma\otimes V^D$, where $V^\Gamma$ and $V^D$ denote suitable finite dimensional subspaces of the stochastic and deterministic function spaces, respectively. These approaches lead to sGFEM algorithms of complexity $O(N_\Gamma N_D)$, where $N_\Gamma=\dim V^\Gamma$ and $N_D=\dim V^D$. In this work, we use hierarchic sequences $V^\Gamma_1\subset V^\Gamma_2\subset\ldots$ and $V^D_1\subset V^D_2\subset\ldots$ of finite dimensional spaces to approximate the law of the random solution. The hierarchies of approximation spaces allow us to define sparse tensor product spaces $V^\Gamma_\ell\hat{\otimes}V^D_\ell$, $\ell=1,2,\dots$, yielding algorithms of $O(N_\Gamma\log N_D+N_D\log N_\Gamma)$ work and memory. We estimate the convergence rate of sGFEM for algebraic decay of the input random field Karhunen-Loeve coefficients. We give an algorithm for an input adapted a-priori selection of deterministic and stochastic discretization spaces. The convergence rate in terms of the total number of degrees of freedom of the proposed method is superior to Monte Carlo approximations. Numerical examples illustrate the theoretical results and demonstrate superiority of the sparse tensor product discretization proposed here versus the full tensor product approach.


The acetyltransferase, E1a‐binding protein (p300), is proposed to regulate various aspects of skeletal muscle development, metabolism, and mitochondrial function, via its interaction with numerous transcriptional regulators and other proteins. Remarkably, however, the contribution of p300 to skeletal muscle function and metabolism, in vivo, is poorly understood. To address this, we used Cre‐LoxP methodology to generate mice with skeletal muscle‐specific knockout of E1a‐binding protein (mKO). mKO mice were indistinguishable from their wild‐type/floxed littermates, with no differences in lean mass, skeletal muscle structure, fiber type, respirometry flux, or metabolites of fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Ex vivo muscle function in extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles, including peak stress and time to fatigue, as well as in vivo running capacity were also comparable. Moreover, expected adaptations to a 20 d voluntary wheel running regime were not compromised in mKO mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that p300 is not required for the normal development or functioning of adult skeletal muscle, nor is it required for endurance exercise‐mediated mitochondrial adaptations.—LaBarge, S. A., Migdal, C. W., Buckner, E. H., Okuno, H., Gertsman, I., Stocks, B., Barshop, B. A., Nalbandian, S. R., Philp, A., McCurdy, C. E., Schenk, S. p300 is not required for metabolic adaptation to endurance exercise training. FASEB J. 30, 1623–1633 (2016). www.fasebj.org


Abstract We studied dependency of toluene oxidation-blended n-decane on blending ratio and temperature using the reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations with the newly developed reactive force field (ReaxFF). Different initial reaction pathways of toluene were observed between pure and blended toluene, while that of n-decane showed little contrast. The differences in toluene oxidation paths are related to radical pool, which is largely influenced by H/C ratio. We analysed the influence of H/C ratio on the consumption of intermediate species, and found different dependencies of HCHO consumption on H/C ratio for different temperatures. The difference is attributed to the large active energy difference between the two main HCHO consumption reactions by OH and O2. For the production part, the OH producing pathway was analysed carefully and shows H/C ratio influences OH production via H production and H abstract reactions. Our RMD simulations show that H/C ratio plays an important role in the oxidation of fuel.


Information networks offer exciting opportunities for library services, but library applications will not emerge spontaneously as a by-product of upgraded networks. To ensure that the needs of the Canadian library community are addressed, libraries must participate in the development of library specific applications. This article describes the networks available and the initiatives being taken to develop a high speed network. Potential library applications of research networks, and the international standards that can be used to create them are also described


The article considers the types of legal understanding. Due to their theoretical scale and degree of influence on practice, these types are defined by the author as belonging to general doctrine. These types of legal understanding must include: legistic, natural law and sociological types. Each of them seen from the points of view of theory and practice has its own advantages and disadvantages. Continuing to strengthen the doctrine positions, the integrative approach to legal understanding allows to overcome the shortcomings of the existing general doctrine types of law.


Introduction Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are associated with an increased incidence of haemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications as well as progression to myelofibrosis and acute myeloid leukaemia. MPNs have a peak incidence in 6th and 7th decade of life. However, they can occur in younger age groups and women of child bearing age. Pregnant women with MPN are at an increased risk of maternal thrombosis and haemorrhage and also of impaired uterine blood flow, placental dysfunction, fetal growth restriction, pre-term delivery and fetal loss. There are no prospective studies of pregnancy outcome in the literature. Method A national prospective cohort was established to describe the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in women with MPN in the United Kingdom (UK). Data were collected using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) between January 2010 and December 2012 (UKOSS methodology described by Knight et al, 2005). UK hospitals with a consultant led maternity unit identified pregnant woman with a MPN and provided detailed data on antenatal, maternal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy outcome data were compared with that reported by the UK Office of National Statistics (ONS) in 2011. Results 58 women were identified: 47 with Essential Thrombocythaemia (81%), 5 with Polycythaemia Vera (8.6%), 5 with Myelofibrosis (8.6%) and 1 with JAK2 positive MPN unspecified (1.7%). The incidence of MPN in pregnancy was 6.4/100,000 maternities. The median age was 33 years (range 16-42), compared to average national age during 2011 of 29.7 years. There were 58 live births (56 singleton, 2 twin), one miscarriage and one stillbirth (at 37 weeks) with a miscarriage rate of 1.8% and the perinatal mortality rate of 17/1000 live and stillbirths. The national rates reported by ONS in 2011 were 6.4 miscarriages/100 pregnancies and of 5.2 stillbirths/1000 live and stillbirths. The incidence of pre-eclampsia was 8.8% (n=5/57), compared to 3.4% as reported by Ananth et al 2013. The majority 78.9% (n = 45/57) of women laboured; 42.1% (n = 24/57) underwent induction and spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred in 39% (n = 22/57) of women. Caesarean section (CS) was performed in 42.1% (n = 24/57). Most of the caesareans were performed pre-labour, with an elective CS rate of 24.6% (n = 14/57), and emergency CS rate of 17.5% (n = 10/57). The UK average CS rate in 2011 was 24.8%. Most (86%; 49/57) women delivered at term (>37 weeks). The incidence of preterm ( There was considerable variation amongst clinicians in the management of MPNs. Only 50% (n = 29/58) of women were in receipt of aspirin therapy prior to the index pregnancy. This increased during pregnancy with over 88% (n = 51/58) prescribed aspirin; 38% (n = 22/58) were on both aspirin and low molecular weight heparin. Cytoreductive therapy was used in 43% (n=25/58) of the women prior to index pregnancy (including hydroxyurea (HU), anagrelide (ANA) and interferon). During the index pregnancy, 7 women continued cytoreductive therapy, switching to interferon when prior HU or ANA were used. One woman with ET was initiated on interferon. Conclusion This first prospective analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes in women showed an incidence of MPN in pregnancy of 6.4/100,000 maternities which is consistent with previous reports. The increased occurrence of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction might explain the higher rates of induction and caesarean section. The majority (87%) of babies were delivered at term.Although this was a small sample, it was reassuring there were no maternal deaths or admissions to intensive care, and only one perinatal death, as previous retrospective data has reported worse outcomes. The clinician variability in the approach to the management of women with MPNs in pregnancy suggests further improvements may be possible. Disclosures Harrison:Shire: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Honoraria; CTI Biopharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.


Network coding is a promising technology that increases system throughput by reducing the number of packet transmissions from the source node to the destination node in a saturated traffic scenario. Nevertheless, some packets can suffer from end-to-end delay, because of a queuing delay in an intermediate node waiting for other packets to be encoded with exclusive or (XOR). In this paper, we analyze the delay according to packet arrival rate and propose two network coding schemes, iXOR (Intelligent XOR) and oXOR (Optimal XOR) with Markov Decision Process (MDP). They reduce the average delay, even under an unsaturated traffic load, through the Holding-χ strategy. In particular, we are interested in the unsaturated network scenario. The unsaturated network is more practical because, in a real wireless network, nodes do not always have packets waiting to be sent. Through analysis and extensive simulations, we show that iXOR and oXOR are better than the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) without XOR (the general forwarding scheme) and XOR with DCF with respect to average delay as well as delivery ratio.


The development of a new generation of database management systems (DBMS) capable of supporting advanced applications has emerged as an important direction in DBMS research. Adequate mod-eling and efficient processing of complex objects have proven to be one of the most important issues in this context. Thus, object-oriented data models allowing for the manipulation of complex objects are proposed as an appropriate interface of such a DBMS. However, this is not sufficient. The DBMS itself has to support complex object processing by a variety of storage structures, use of tuning mechanisms , and performance enhancements transparent at the data model interface. This paper presents some considerations as to the support of complex object processing by redundant storage structures. The underlying concept is to utilize storage redundancy for retrieval and to conceal storage redundancy in case of manipulation.


The paper investigates numerically the properties of surface acoustic waves (SAW) in a new SrGdGa3O7 single crystal of tetragonal crystal symmetry (42m). It is shown that the SAW has a maximum value of electromechanical coupling coefficient ~ 0.2 % on the Z+62° -cut and X -axis wave propagation direction in the crystal. For the case of the Z-cut and wave propagation direction along the X+45° -axis in the crystal, the SAW electromechanical coupling coefficient is equal to 0.17 %. It is shown that these two cuts of SrGdGa3O7 single crystal are more suitable for SAW device applications.


Fixture plays a significant role in determining the sheet metal part (SMP) spatial position and restraining its excessive deformation in many manufacturing operations. However, it is still a difficult task to design and optimize SMP fixture locating layout at present because there exist multiple conflicting objectives and excessive computational cost of finite element analysis (FEA) during the optimization process. To this end, a new multiobjective optimization method for SMP fixture locating layout is proposed in this paper based on the support vector regression (SVR) surrogate model and the elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). By using ABAQUS™ Python script interface, a parametric FEA model is established. And the fixture locating layout is treated as design variables, while the overall deformation and maximum deformation of SMP under external forces are as the multiple objective functions. First, a limited number of training and testing samples are generated by combining Latin hypercube design (LHD) with FEA. Second, two SVR prediction models corresponding to the multiple objectives are established by learning from the limited training samples and are integrated as the multiobjective optimization surrogate model. Third, NSGA-II is applied to determine the Pareto optimal solutions of SMP fixture locating layout. Finally, a multiobjective optimization for fixture locating layout of an aircraft fuselage skin case is conducted to illustrate and verify the proposed method.


Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women worldwide. Increased molecular and genetic information about cancer has improved diagnostic, screening, and treatment methods for cancer. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is overexpressed in breast cancer patients and involved in malignant properties of breast cancer. Due to the noninvasive nature of saliva collection and the fact that no study has been performed on salivary HSP70 levels in patients with breast cancer, the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of salivary HSP70 in these patients. Methods: Saliva samples from 45 patients with breast cancer and 45 age-matched healthy subjects were collected. Salivary HSP70 was measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The results were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney test. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic value of this protein were evaluated through the ROC curve and cutoff point determination. The software used in this study was SPSS 25, and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean salivary HSP70 level was 15.41 ± 8.82 ng/ml in patients compared with 15.03 ± 6.28 ng/ml in the control group (P > 0.05). Also, the area under the ROC curve was 0.497. Conclusion: The results showed that salivary HSP70 levels were not significantly different between patients with breast cancer and healthy individuals, and according to the ROC curve, the salivary level of this protein has no diagnostic value in these patients.


In 2011,Hu Angang and Hu Lianhe proposed their second-generation ethnic policy as alter native option of cur rent Chinese eth nic policy which has been supposed to cause unrest among ethnic minority areas in China.In their paper,


This classroom action research was carried out by applying the hands on activity method to improve articulation abilities. Through hands on activity will be formed an appreciation and experience to establish an understanding, because it is able to teach together cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills and can provide a deep appreciation of what is learned. Research conducted in two cycles, each cycle consists of four (4) steps of activity, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. Before the first cycle begins with observation activities to determine the condition of learning and the ability of student articulation. Cycle I actions as an effort to improve conditions that are stated as lacking in observation. Cycle II activity, an effort to improve that is still lacking in cycle I. The results of the study show that the teacher's observation still uses classical learning methods, lectures and teaching aids that are as simple as the articulation unclear and a lot of distortion. After conducting research for the last two cycles, the results of the study showed that by using the hands on activity method the students' articulation ability increased and learning on rounded material in the fourth grade of Macedonia was declared complete.


Purpose – The paper aims to be a critical engagement with the ideas of Martha Nussbaum, as expressed in her recent book Creating Capabilities. Design/methodology/approach – The author's discussion focuses on the relationship which exists between Nussbaum's capabilities approach and cosmopolitan political thought. It follows Nussbaum in making a distinction between "strong" and "weak" cosmopolitanism. Findings – The paper maintains that, despite Nussbaum's claim that she is not a cosmopolitan thinker, it is arguable that she can be associated with a weak form of cosmopolitanism. Originality/value – This is an original piece of work which sheds new light on the relationship which exists between the ideas of Martha Nussbaum and the cosmopolitan tradition.


BACKGROUND
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are a growing public health concern. We aimed to identify the acute neurological consequences of NPS.

METHOD
We performed a retrospective case-note review of patients who presented to the emergency department after taking NPS.

RESULTS
We identified 237 admissions from 190 patients, mostly young men. There were high rates of psychiatric comorbidity (43%), unemployment (39%), homelessness (24%) and incarceration (17%). Most reported use of synthetic cannabinoids (SC; 91%). Some took synthetic cathinones (SCath; 7%) or nitrous oxide (NOS; 2%). SC caused impaired consciousness (61%) and seizures (16%). SCath users presented with psychiatric disturbance or seizures (55%). Most patients were managed conservatively (67%) and a small proportion (14%) were referred to drug or psychology services.

CONCLUSIONS
NPS users represent a vulnerable group in society. Certain clinical features may suggest the type of NPS used. Most patients require supportive management and onward referral to drug addiction services is recommended.


The European Commission released the proposed Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (the EU AI Act) on 21 April 2021, which reflects the EU's leadership orientation in establishing norms and standards in emerging fields, and also reflects the urgent need for legal unity of the EU as a unified market entity. The Act sets out harmonized rules for the development, placing on the market, and use of AI in the European Union. The ideas of a risk-based approach and experimental governance are of great significance for reference. However, with the advent of ChatGPT, the Artificial Intelligence Act has raised questions about the legal applicability of "human-computer interactive" generative AI. China's AI governance adopts scene-by-scene and field-by-field legislation, with both "hard law" such as laws and regulations, and "soft law" such as industry norms, generally presenting a vertical governance path and lacking a unified basic law guideline. With the gradual shortening of the scientific and technological innovation cycle in the field of artificial intelligence, the establishment of a unified basic law on artificial intelligence should be put on the agenda. Setting up a dual-risk categorization regulatory framework, and categorizing from both macro and micro perspectives may be a good attempt. It adopts a full chain regulatory mechanism with a full process and multiple subjects, and clarifies the rights and obligations of all legal subjects in the whole cycle, to jointly assist the development of AI "for the better".


ABSTRACT This study investigates the factors influencing the development of intercultural sensitivity among hospitality employees. The study particularly looks at the relationship between intercultural sensitivity levels of hospitality employees and their previous educational work experiences. Based on a survey (Intercultural Sensitivity Scale) scale with 443 hospitality employees overall means were calculated. Results of the analysis show that exposure to other cultures by participating previously in student exchange programs (e.g. ERASMUS), work and travel programs, and spending long periods of time abroad increased people's intercultural sensitivity. Interestingly though, the study found that having formal tourism and hospitality education did not have any influence on the level of intercultural sensitivity of hospitality employees.


The hormones gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) belong to the same family of mammalian peptides. Both were originally isolated from the gastrointestinal tract and subsequently shown to be present also in brain.'" Different forms of these peptides varying in size exist in these tissues, but these are liberated from their precursors by differential proteolysis (to be described). The two hormones have the same COOH-terminal pentapeptide sequence. The main difference is that gastrin contains a tyrosine residue six amino acids from the carboxyl end, whereas in CCK tyrosine is the seventh residue (FIG. 1). The tyrosine residues are invariably sulfated in the various forms of CCK, but they are only partially sulfated in gastrins. From amphibian skin, three peptides, termed caeruleins, have been isolated which belong to the same family,4vs and from the position of the sulfated tyrosine residue, these skin peptides are of the CCK type. It has been assumed that gastrin, CCK, and caerulein are derived from a common ancestor that was present early in the evolution of vertebrates. This review summarizes our current knowledge of nonmammalian members of this family, and their possible phylogeny is discussed.


It is a pleasure to communicate with you again in relation to the peer revision of our above titled manuscript. First of all, I would like to thank the editor, and the reviewers with whose comments the scientific value of this paper increased immensely. I feel indebted to you all for your time and efforts to increase the scientific value of this paper. Please note the following changes made to the manuscript in accordance with the reviewers' comments.


Graphene is a perfectly two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystal which consists of sp2 bonded carbon atoms like a honeycomb lattice. With its unique structure, graphene provides outstanding electrical, mechanical, and optical properties, thus enabling wide variety of applications including a strong potential to extend the technology beyond the conventional Si based electronic materials. Currently, the widespread application for electrostatically switchable devices is limited by its characteristic of zero-energy gap and complex process in its synthesis. Several groups have investigated nanoribbon, strained, or nanomeshed graphenes to induce a band gap. Among various techniques to synthesize graphene, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is suited to make relatively large scale growth of graphene layers. Direct growth of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) using CVD has gained much attention as the atomically smooth surface, relatively small lattice mismatch (∼1.7%) of h-BN provides good quality graphene with high mobility. In addition, induced band gap of graphene on h-BN has been demonstrated to a meaningful value about ∼0.5 eV.[1] In this paper, we report the synthesis of grpahene / h-BN bilayer in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process by controlling the gas flux ratio and deposition rate with temperature. The h-BN (99.99%) substrate, pure Ar as carrier gas, and CH4 are used to grow graphene. The number of graphene layer grown on the h-BN tends to be proportional to growth time and CH4 gas flow rate. Epitaxially grown graphene on h-BN are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.


This study aimed at surveying the attitude of teachers towards the introduction of civic education in secondary schools in Ilorin metropolis. The target population for the study comprised all teachers in Upper Basic Schools in Ilorin Kwara state. At stage one, simple random sampling technique was used in selecting two Local Governments out of the three Local Government Areas in Ilorin Metropolis.  At second stage Stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting five schools on the basis of school ownership in Ilorin, while twenty teachers were purposively selected from each of these schools. Thus, a total of two hundred respondents participated in the study. Data were collected using a researcher designed instrument tagged "Attitude of Teachers Towards the Introduction of Civic Education Questionnaire" (ATTICEQ).  The data were analyzed using percentages, mean, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).. The findings of this study showed that there was no significant difference on the basis gender and school type. However a significant difference was found on the basis of respondents teaching experience and educational qualification. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that the government should endeavor to train more teachers to implement the objectives of the subject


Abstract The purpose of this paper was to determine criminal spots on the way home from school for middle-school students. The Gangseo district, where most school violence occurs in Seoul, was investigated. Through a cognitive map analysis, the findings of this paper are as follows: first, the frequency of where fear of crime was felt was greater than that of actual crime, and the fear of crime did not closely reflect crime occurrence. Second, females had more fear of crime spots than males. Third, students feel fear mostly for reasons related to human factors rather than to space factors; among the human factors, 'peers' represented the most frequent reason. Fourth, mixed-use building regions were the most commonly cited criminal regions, as were school regions, despite the fact that they were small areas. Narrow paths and landmarks where people congregate were cited as criminal spots. Planned spaces for relaxation could also lead to fear related to the fact that these places are seen as common bully peer congregation spots. In addition, places associated with territoriality were commonly cited as criminal spots.


Abstract 1. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 plays a pivotal role in the disposition of many anionic drugs. Significant overlap in substrate specificity between individual OATP isoforms has hampered the identification of the relative importance of individual isoforms for hepatic uptake of xenobiotics. 2. The present study focused on the use of siRNA technology to decrease OATP1B1 selectively in human hepatocytes. Following delivery of siRNA by the novel lipid, AtuFECT01, mRNA expression of OATP1B1 was reduced by 94%–98% with no significant toxicity. Off-target effects were also shown to be minimal as evidenced by the expression of common drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, nuclear receptors and associated co-regulators. Uptake of estrone-3-sulfate (5 nM) by OATP1B1 was reduced by 82%–95%. This methodology was subsequently used to assess the relative contribution of OATP1B1 uptake in human hepatocytes for olmesartan (42%–62%), valsartan (28%–81%), rosuvastatin (64%–72%), pitavastatin (84%–98%) and lopinavir (64%–89%). These data are consistent with previous values obtained using a relative activity factor approach. 3. The siRNA approach provides a robust and reproducible method for assessing the relative contribution of OATP1B1 to hepatic uptake of new chemical entities. The technique also has potential utility in facilitating detailed characterization of drug–drug interactions involving hepatic drug transporters.


comprehensive of current biofuels issues to the understanding of this important topic. find themes including biofuels development efforts, their implications for the food industry, current and future biofuels crops, the successful Brazilian ethanol program, insights of the first, second, third and fourth biofuel generations, advanced biofuel production techniques, related waste treatment, emissions and environmental impacts, water consumption, produced allergens and toxins. Additionally, the biofuel policy discussion is expected to be continuing in the foreseeable future and the reading of the biofuels features dealt with in this book, are recommended for anyone interested in understanding this diverse and developing theme.


CNN involves large number of convolution of feature maps and kernels, necessary for extracting useful features for accurate classification. However, it requires significant amount of computationally intensive power and area hungry multiplications limiting its deployment on embedded devices under resource constrained scenario. To address this problem, we propose modified distributed arithmetic based low complexity multiplier-less CNN architecture design methodology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work of its kind where DA is modified and applied on CNN for realizing low complexity architecture implementation resulting power and area efficient design. Subsequently, the architecture is implemented and prototyped using Xilinx FPGA (Spartan 6) and synthesized on ASIC platform using Synopsys Design Compiler with TSMC 130nm technology library. The synthesis results and comparative analysis proved that the proposed modified DA based methodology implies less computations, complexity and up to 1.49x and 36.70x less area, 1.17x and 121.13x less power saving as compared to direct multiplication and multiplication with AND-OR based conventional methodologies respectively.


The concentrations of heavy metals in the surface sediments from tidal reach of Jinjiang River,Fujian Province,were analyzed.The pollution degree of heavy metals was assessed using the methods of Index of geoaccumulation and Potential ecological risk index.The results show that the pollution degree and the ecological risk of Cd appears the highest among all these heavy metals,and the secondary is Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr and Ni presenting moderate or slight pollution degree.The results of Potential ecological risk index indicate that the pollution degree of heavy metals in the surface sediments from tidal reach of Jinjiang River is much serious and belongs to the extremely strong ecological risk level.Some effective measures should be taken to prevent and control the heavy metals pollution.


A lure and toxicant system for killing cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), moths was developed based on moth attraction to and feeding at flowers. Unmated females were attracted to the floral compound phenylacetaldehyde formulated for release at 20-4,000 ng/h. Attracted moths were stimulated to feed at bait stations loaded with sugar solutions when placed near phenylacetaldehyde dispensers. All feeding moths were killed when 0.2% methomyl was added to the sucrose solutions. A combination phenylacetaldehyde sucrose-methomyl dispenser tested in a field cage resulted in 61% mortality of female moths and 44% of male moths released.


From the one-dimensional consolidation of fine-grained soils with threshold gradient, it can be derived a special type of Stefan problems where the seepage front, due to the presence of this threshold gradient, exhibits the features of a moving boundary. In this kind of problems, in contrast with the classical Stefan problem, the latent heat is considered to depend inversely with the rate of change of the seepage front. In this paper a one-phase Stefan problem with a latent heat that not only depends on the rate of change of the free boundary but also on its position is studied. The aim of this analysis is to extend prior results, finding an analytical solution that recovers, by specifying some parameters, the solutions that have already been examined in the literature regarding Stefan problems with variable latent heat. Computational examples will be presented in order to examine the effect of this parameters on the free boundary.


Using the industrial limestone, fly ash and pure chemical reagents as raw materials, the blast furnace slag was prepared in the simulation condition of the actual slag-making process by three different cooling ways, including air cooling, water cooling and liquid nitrogen cooling. Combined with different test methods such as XRD, SEM, IR, the influence of cooling ways on the structure and hydraulic activity of blast furnace slag was studied in the present in investigation. The relationship between glass content, compressive strength and the phase compositions of blast furnace slag has been obtained. The results showed that, the glass content of water cooling slag or liquid nitrogen cooling slag was slightly higher than that of air cooling slag, there was obviously gehlenite crystal phase in air cooling slag. The 7d and 28d compressive strength of three slags did not present positive correlation with vitreous content, the sequence of 28d compressive strength of three slags was water cooling slag > air cooling slag > liquid nitrogen cooling slag. SEM observation found that crystallization phases in water cooling slag had a small grain and uniform distribution, this kind of structure was advantageous to the latter hydration reaction and strength development of blast furnace slag.


Surface treatments of polystyrene (PS), which are required to increase cell adhesion reproducibly in serum-free conditions and to maintain cell functionality, were performed using an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in nitrogen-containing gas mixtures: He/N2 and He/N2/H2. The resulting modifications analyzed by contact angle goniometry (CA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that plasma produced only minimal increases in the surface roughness while introducing the expected oxygen- and nitrogencontaining groups. In particular, amino groups on plasma modified PS were identified and quantified using chemical derivatization with 4-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde (TFBA) and subsequent characterization with XPS. The treated surfaces became very hydrophilic but underwent partially hydrophobic recovery after 30 days of aging. The degree of recovery depended on the storage conditions of the substrates, in water or air environment. The biological behavior of HaCaT keratinocyte and SaOS-2 osteoblastic osteosarcoma human cells on corresponding substrates was accomplished by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and alamar blue (aB) assay. Significant differences were found in the cell density and morphology of surfaces containing amino groups when compared to native PS. These results applied in vitro to cells in the absence of serum.


Summary Empirical studies have identified various factors influencing the effects of early day care on child development. An overview of the effects of quality, quantity and stability of day care as well as family and child characteristics reveals chances and risks that come along with early day care. Implications for the decision about the right child care arrangement and for the improvement of early day care are presented.


Abstract Parameters affecting the binding of [3H]glycine to membrane fractions isolated from the cerebral cortex, midbrain, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord of the rat were investigated in a Na+‐free medium. A [3H]glycine binding assay was established in which the binding was specific, saturable, pH‐sensitive, and reversible. Conditions were chosen in an effort to minimize binding to glycine uptake sites. From data on specific [3H]glycine binding, Scatchard plots were prepared and the KD and Bmax values were calculated. Two glycine binding sites (high and low affinity) were identified only in the medulla (KD: 44, 211 nM; Bmax: 361, 1076 fmol/mg protein) and spinal cord (KD: 19, 104nM;Bmax: 105, 486 fmol/mg protein). The ranges of the KD and Bmax values for the other three areas studied were 59 to 144 nM and 882 to 3401 fmol/mg protein, respectively. When the glycine content of each area, expressed as fmol/neuron, was plotted against the respective K0 (high affinity), a negative correlation was found (r=−0.90; p < 0.05). A similar negative correlation was found between the glycine content and Bmax (r=−0.88; p <0.05). Hill plots indicated a slope of essentially 1.0 for all areas. GABA, taurine, strychnine, diazepam, bicuculline, and imipramine had little or no effect on [3H]glycine binding.


PURPOSE: A coating composition for a drug release stent and a drug release stent prepared using the composition are provided to make it possible to control the velocity to release a drug properly and use in the immune reaction therapy administering inactivated microorganism. CONSTITUTION: The coating composition for a drug release stent comprises polyurethane, polyethylene glycol, a drug and an organic solvent. The drug release stent comprises a cylindrical body formed of metal wires; and a coating layer which is coated on the body and comprises a drug, polyethylene glycol and polyurethane. The drug is selected from group consisting of a biological immune enhancer and an anti-cancer drug.


Purpose : Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are used as first-line agents for the treatment of persistent asthma; however, their use is accompanied by apprehension of potential systemic adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of ICS on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in children with asthma. Methods : From February 2008 to September 2008, 26 asthmatic children treated with ICS (ICS group), 15 asthmatic children treated with leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) (LTRA group), and 30 healthy children (Control group) were selected from the Korea University Anam Hospital. BMD and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels were measured. The asthmatic children underwent spirometry and methacholine bronchial challenge test. Results : There were no significant differences in BMD in the lumbar spine (P=0.254) and proximal femur (P=0.297) among the 3 groups. The serum BALP levels were significantly higher in both the ICS (P=0.017) and LTRA (P=0.025) groups than in the Control group. None of the parameters pertaining to ICS use, such as the mean daily dose during the last 6 months, the total cumulative dose, duration of use, and age of commencement of use, showed significant correlations with BMD (P>0.05 for all parameters). Conclusions : We demonstrated that a low dose of ICS does not exert any significant adverse effect on bone metabolism in asthmatic children. These findings support the current recommendations with regard to the use of ICS for asthmatic children.


Abstract:This study examines literature of spiritual direction in context of recent scholarship on the conceptual role of medical knowledge and practice in early Christianity, to show: 1) spiritual direction constitutes a version of medical art defined by teleology of bodily and psychical health, which 2) relies on diagnostic skill in disease etiology to construct meaning for sufferers, and 3) for these very reasons can lead to the rejection of medical healing. The topic is framed by discussions of the cultural and hermeneutical aspects of modern medicine, which show that construction of meaning in illness is integral to clinical encounters and determinative of expectations of expertise. These points are made with regard to ancient medicine through study of Galen of Pergamon's teleology and diagnostic advice. Thereafter the study focuses on Basil of Caesarea and the Old Men of Gaza. These treat medicine as divinely providential, within a narrative of sin and salvation that defines a teleology of bodily health as conducive to spiritual well-being. Accordingly, Basil develops etiologies of disease that distinguish between natural and unnatural origins to prescribe either recourse to or rejection of medical intervention. Barsanuphios and John of Gaza elaborate Basil's etiologies according to their experience and demonology. Nevertheless, all three construct their authority over ascetic bodies in terms of medical expertise and suggest that spiritual direction dictates ambivalence toward, even rejection of medicine, insofar as its theological commitments dictate different conceptions of health and the range of meaning available in illness.


The aim of our study was to analyze the results of selective inguinal node irradiation in patients with anal cancer, based on the biopsy of the inguinal sentinel lymph node (SLN), in terms of local control and prognosis.


Depth map can be used in many applications such as robotic navigation, driverless, video production and 3D reconstruction. Currently, both active depth cameras and passive stereo vision systems are the main technical means to obtain depth information, but each of the two systems alone has its own limitations. In this paper, the Time-of-Flight (ToF) and stereo fusion framework is proposed to solve the limitations of these two systems. The scheme in this paper contains "the prior fusion stage" and "the post fusion stage". Using depth information design energy function from ToF cameras to boost the stereo matching of passive stereo in "the prior fusion stage". During "the post fusion stage", the weighting function is designed according to the depth map of the stereo matching and the credibility map of the ToF depth map, and then the adaptive weighted depth fusion is performed. Experimental results clearly show that our method can obtain high-precision and high-resolution depth maps with better robustness than the other fusion approaches.


In this thesis I formulate and present a novel and new framework for simulating the dynamics of arbitrarily shaped active or passive particles immersed in a Stokesian fluid and evolving under confinement by a porous container or in free space. I use a completed double layer boundary integral equation to model the particle's dynamics and combine this with a new formulation that uses a second kind integral equation for describing the motion of the porous container. This newly formulated porous container model permits fluid to pass through the container's surface at a velocity in proportion to a discontinuous jump in stress across the container's surface. This jump in stress is induced by the active particle's motion. The proposed porous container model is general in the sense that it allows fluid to pass through the membrane with finite tangential and normal velocity components. I obtain the exact analytical solution to this model when the active particle and porous container are perfectly concentric. In addition, I numerically solve this system of boundary integral equations for arbitrary particle positions, and fully characterize the particle and container dynamics by performing a vast number of trajectory studies. Both the container and particle are seen to move in complicated ways owing to their self and pairwise hydrodynamic interactions. This system is studied over a vast parameter space, for multiple container to particle size ratios, multiple types of active particles, and various permeability parameterizations. This coupled set of particle and container boundary integral equations is discretized using a novel interpretation and new extension of the Galerkin Boundary Element discretization to multi-body particle systems in Stokes flow. I also implement and extend an h-adaptive conformal mesh refinement algorithm to accurately resolve near-contact particle and container interactions. In addition, I perform all Galerkin BEM calculations on CUDA enabled GPUs, allowing for these simulations to be run on modern desktop computers in seconds. I combine all of these techniques in a modern C++ Galerkin Boundary Element Method computational framework called GPUGBEM.


"A Paris cable dispatch mentioned Europe's fear of Russia. Russia's red army, her rapidly expanding fleet and her reborn navy are looked upon with growing concern in all the capitals of Europe. Europe is uneasy. The world is uneasy. But rather then these elements, civilization should fear Russia's invisible army, that octopus which silently stretches forth its tentacles in an effort to dominate the world by dominating first the masses. The Philippines does not seem to be entirely free from the clutches of this octopus. The constabulary have their eyes on supposed agents of the Moscow government who are here to disseminate Communistic principles and who are said to be receiving Soviet gold. Russia's menace does not lie in her army and navy. Her forces can be destroyed in battle. What is difficult to combat is her invisible army, her paid agents who are instructed to win the masses to the cause of Soviet Russia." [1]


Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is an ocular emergency.Inappropriate therapy results in visual loss.Visual loss caused by RAO occurs as a result of loss of blood supply with the inner retinal layers.We reviewed a number of therapies that have been used in the treatment of RAO, including vasodilators, reducing intraocular pressure, neuro regulation, ocular fundus laser, surgery, etc.Thrombolytic therapy may result in an increased risk of intracranial and systemic hemorrhage, while the intravenous use of thrombolytic therapy should be within a window of time.At the same time, it is noticed that patients with RAO may have a risk of cerebral stroke and other vascular conditions.The risk factors for RAO are same as to atherosclerotic risk factors in stroke and heart disease, and these tactors must be actively evaluated to prevent further medical comorbidities.

Key words:
Retinal artery occlusion; Treatment; Thrombolytic; Stroke


In agricultural experiments good sampling techniques are important to reduce costs and labor, and guarantee adequate experimental precision. The objective of this research was to study a sampling methodology of experimental plots to evaluate morphologic characteristic and corn yield in maize spikes. Single (DAS 9560), double (AG 6018) and triple (AG 303) crosses corn hybrids and an open pollinated variety (BR 202) were ev aluated. The experiment design was a randomized complete block with four replications and was conducted in the experimental area of the Crop Science Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil. The main plot was divided in 96 sub plots with one meter of length. In each plot, the spikes of five sub-plots were sampled and length, diameter, grain yield and the mass of one hundred grains of each spike was measured or weighted. It was concluded that the sample size within plots is related to the characteristic to be evaluated in the maize spikes and there are genetic and environment factors that interfere on estimation of sample size of maize spikes. A sample of 24 spikes, one for each split-plot, and six replications for each genotype, results in a considered appropriate precision (less than 10% from the mean) for length and width of spikes, grain yield and mass of one hundred grains.


Organic chemical absorbers The organic chemical absorbers are generally aromatic compounds conjugated with a carbonyl group. One classification of such UVR absorbers (Sheath, 1997b) is based on their chemical structure, as follows: ci n namates, para-aminobenzoate (PABA) derivatives, salicylates, benzophenones, camphor derivatives, dibenzoyl methanes, anthranilates (Fig. 14) and miscellaneous compounds. Cinnamates, PABA derivatives, salicylates and camphor derivatives are all principally UVB absorbers, while ben zophenone derivatives, dibenzoyl methanes and anthranilates are principally UVA absorbers. In most organic chemical absorbers, an electron-releasing group (an amine or a methoxyl) is substituted in the ortho or para position of the aromatic ring. UVA absorbers are all ortho-substituted, allowing easier electron delocalization of the internal hydrogen bonding.


Nowadays, driven by the needs of autonomous driving and edge intelligence, integrated CPU/GPU heterogeneous platform has gained significant attention from both academia and industry. As the representative series, NVIDIA Jetson family perform well in terms of computation capability, power consumption, and mobile size. Even so, the integrated heterogeneous platform only contains one limited physical memory, which is shared by the CPU and GPU cores and can be the performance bottleneck of the mobile/edge applications. On the other hand, with the unified memory (UM) model introduced in GPU programming, not only the memory allocation is significantly reduced, which mitigates the memory bottleneck of the integrated platforms but also the memory management and programming are simplified. However, as a programming legacy, the UM model still follows the conventional copy-then-execute model, initializing data on the CPU side after allocating memory. This legacy programming mode not only causes significant initialization latency but also slows the execution of the following kernel. In this article, we propose a framework to enable the latency-aware data initialization on the integrated heterogeneous platform. The framework not only includes three data initialization modes, the CPU initialization, GPU initialization, and hybrid initialization, but also utilizes an affinity estimation model to wisely decide the best initialization mode for an application such that the initialization latency performance of the application can be optimized. We evaluate our design on NVIDIA TX2 and AGX platforms. The results demonstrate that the framework can accurately select a data initialization mode for a given application to significantly reduce the initialization latency. We envision this latency-aware data initialization framework being adopted in a full-version of autonomous solution (e.g., Autoware) in the future.


Using a unique data set of loan applications by small businesses, we study the determinants of lending decisions and, especially, the roles of private information and physical distance between a bank and its borrowers. Although credit availability and the loan rate decrease in the bankborrower distance and increase in the borrower-competitor distance, the inclusion of a proxy for the bank's proprietary information reduces these effects to the point of insignificance. Analyzing loan rates and borrowers' decision to switch lenders we find strong evidence for the informational capture of good credit risks consistent with adverse-selection problems. Our results shed new light on the importance of soft information in informationally opaque credit markets and show how borrower proximity facilitates the production of proprietary information that helps banks to exploit information asymmetries and locally carve out captive markets.


Cattle and pig manure contain useful mineral nutrients (N, P, and K) and are therefore used as organic fertilizer. However, excessive applications of manure can cause environmental problems and threaten animal and human health because these materials also hold significant amounts of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn. To assess the potential risk due to the increased concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, and Cr) in a harvested crop, two maize hybrids were grown in pots on four different soils with three different fertilisers (urea, pig manure, and cattle manure). Both soil and manure characteristics influenced the heavy metal concentrations in the plant shoots. Organic fertilisation strongly interacted with the soils and, in general, reduced the shoot content of Cu, Mn, and Zn. A preliminary assessment of the heavy metal balance of the agricultural systems based on the intensive livestock production and maize cultivation showed that the potential soil enrichment of the long-term application of livestock manure arises mainly from the application of pig slurries that have a high content of Cu and Zn. The time required to apply an amount of metal that is equal to the initial soil content is 60–300 years for Zn and 240–450 years for Cu, depending on the soil type and the initial heavy metal content.


Stock price prediction is a challenging and important task in finance. Machine learning algorithms have shown promise in predicting stock prices, with the ability to analyze large datasets and identify complex patterns. This study presents a comprehensive study of machine learning algorithms for stock price prediction. The proposed approach uses a variety of machine learning algorithms, including decision tree, random forest, support vector regression, and artificial neural networks. The models are trained on historical stock price data and evaluated using real-world data from various companies. This study calculates the RMSE, Error rate and the closing price of the stock for that day.


Teachers' Perceptions about Classroom Management Preparedness By Leslie Ellis EdS, Northwestern State University, 2007 MA, East Tennessee State University, 1998 BA, East Tennessee State University, 1996 Project Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University February 2018 Abstract Undesirable student behaviors can disrupt classroom activities and can prevent instruction from taking place. At a local middle school, teachers lacked effective classroom management strategies to address undesirable student behaviors that impeded their abilities to instruct students. The purpose of this study was to explore teachers' perceptions about their classroom management preparation and to investigate professional development opportunities that may strengthen their skills in classroom management. Glasser's choice theory was used in this qualitative case study to explore perceptions of 10 teachers. The research questions focused on teachers' perceptions and experiences with effective classroom management practices, their perceptions of administrators' classroom management expectations, and professional development opportunities that may enhance teachers' classroom management skills. Findings from the data were collected with semistructured interviews, online journals, and document analysis. Three emergent themes were identified from the data through open coding; they involved classroom management strategies, a clear expectations, and professional development. The findings were validated through triangulation and member checking. The resulting project consisted of a 3-day professional development program designed to increase teachers' knowledge of proactive classroom management approaches and effective ways to organize classrooms. The project contributes to positive social change by providing teachers with the strategies to improve classroom management skills. Improved classroom management skills may lead to classroom environments that allow all students to learn without disruptions.Undesirable student behaviors can disrupt classroom activities and can prevent instruction from taking place. At a local middle school, teachers lacked effective classroom management strategies to address undesirable student behaviors that impeded their abilities to instruct students. The purpose of this study was to explore teachers' perceptions about their classroom management preparation and to investigate professional development opportunities that may strengthen their skills in classroom management. Glasser's choice theory was used in this qualitative case study to explore perceptions of 10 teachers. The research questions focused on teachers' perceptions and experiences with effective classroom management practices, their perceptions of administrators' classroom management expectations, and professional development opportunities that may enhance teachers' classroom management skills. Findings from the data were collected with semistructured interviews, online journals, and document analysis. Three emergent themes were identified from the data through open coding; they involved classroom management strategies, a clear expectations, and professional development. The findings were validated through triangulation and member checking. The resulting project consisted of a 3-day professional development program designed to increase teachers' knowledge of proactive classroom management approaches and effective ways to organize classrooms. The project contributes to positive social change by providing teachers with the strategies to improve classroom management skills. Improved classroom management skills may lead to classroom environments that allow all students to learn without disruptions. Teachers' Perceptions about Classroom Management Preparedness By Leslie Ellis Ed.S, Northwestern State University, 2007 MA, East Tennessee State University, 1998 BA, East Tennessee State University, 1996 Project Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education


Taxonomic account of Mimela Kirby, 1823 fauna included within the subfamily Rutelinae recorded from Buxa Tiger Reserve, Dooars, West Bengal, India are dealt herewith. Long term faunistic survey by the authors resulted in the present outcome. Each of the species is redescribed and illustrated, supplemented by digital images. For easy identification of the species, a key has also been provided.


The measurement of mass-independent isotope anomalies in primitive meteorites provides important information concerning the nucleosynthetic history and chemical evolution of the early solar nebula. Of particular interest are the iron peak elements, the products of fusion reactions in the cores of massive stars [1]. Early studies found significant Ca, Ti, Cr, Ni and Zn isotope anomalies in refractory inclusions, interpreted to reflect incomplete mixing of a neutron-enriched nucleosynthetic source [2 and refs therein]. More recently, however, the detection of correlated isotope anomalies from distinct stellar progenitors, on the bulk meteorite scale, has been taken as evidence for 'unmixing' of an isotopically distinct phase from an initially homogeneous protosolar molecular cloud [3] [4]. Here we extend these observations to include the Zn isotope system. With improved analytical precision, we show that carbonaceous chondrites have resolvable Zn and Zn excesses compared to terrestrial. We also find that enstatite chondrites have small Zn deficits, which is consistent with the small Ca and Ti deficits observed in such samples [5]. Furthermore, sequential leaching experiments show that the Zn anomalies are not limited to one phase. This study is the first to demonstrate that Zn isotope anomalies are present in bulk primitive meteorites. The complimentary excesses and deficits exhibited by the carbonaceous and enstatite chondrites, the more volatile nature of Zn, and the linear relationships seen between Zn and other iron-peak anomalies seems to further confirm the 'unmixing' hypothesis. That the anomalies are not limited to one phase indicates that, in terms of Zn, large-scale isotope heterogeneity existed in the early solar nebula.


Ultrasonic inspection is currently one of the most common and reliable methods used in the inspection of hanger pins in pin-and-hanger bridge structures. Recently, a pin-and-hanger connection on a heavily traveled truck route in the Midwest showed visual indications of being deficient. Field contact ultrasonic inspections were performed on the remaining pin connections. The field inspections indicated that a number of the pins contained cracks or significant wear grooves at the pin shear planes, or both. These pins were replaced and sent to the FHWA's Nondestructive Evaluation Validation Center for further testing in an ultrasonic immersion tank. The results of the contact and immersion tank ultrasonic studies were nearly identical. Both methods found two pins that contained transverse cracks at the level of a shear plane, with one of these cracks encompassing a majority of the pin cross section. Clearly, for the conditions found in the study, field contact ultrasonics can accurately locate defects in hanger pins.


The present invention includes the steps of preparing the element is a conductive pad formed thereon; Forming an insulating layer on at least a portion of the conductive pad and the device; A step of etching the insulating layer forming the insulating layer pattern having a cavity for exposing the conductive pads; Forming a solder layer on the entire surface of the conductive pads and the insulating layer pattern; A step of de-wetting (dewetting) treatment with a plasma in the solder layer to form a solder bump in contact directly with said conductive pad is surrounded by the insulating layer pattern; And removing the insulating layer pattern; provides a solder bump structure that is implemented by the manufacturing method and the manufacturing method of the solder bump structure including the.


The invention discloses a casting method of a stack sand splicing mold and belongs to the field of casting. The method comprises: (1) designing castings required to be manufactured, and producing a plurality of intermediate models which are split horizontally; (2) placing the intermediate models into a stack box and pouring sand moldings, opening pouring ports and exhaust ports on the sand molds after drawing, standing for curing, and brushing a layer of charcoal on the surfaces of the sand molds; and (3) stacking the sand molds according to the casting design, aligning the pouring port with the exhaust port, and pouring to prepare the castings. According to the method provided by the invention, because the intermediate molds and stacking sand molds are adopted, the master of accuracy of the castings with complex surfaces is good, and the molding effect of the castings is improved; the surfaces of the castings are more smooth and have high molding degree; and the method can be used for producing large and medium-sized castings, and large processing equipment is not required.


Key Points Compared with IVIG, eltrombopag was noninferior and less costly for the perioperative management of adult patients with ITP. Direct cost of the eltrombopag or IVIG was the main driver of overall cost for the perioperative management of ITP.


Abstract Decreasing the load of phosphorus (P) in streamflow and entering P‐limited lakes is central to preventing eutrophication. We trialled a technique to remove P from streamflow of an agricultural catchment by sorbing P onto a heavy weight steel slag mixture encased in a mesh: termed a P‐sock. This technology allows entrained P to be removed on demand, and prevents P‐rich material from washing downstream in storm events. One ‐hundred‐ and‐ninety P‐socks were installed in a 200 m reach of streambed in a herringbone fashion, which allowed both fish passage and mixing with stream water. In water samples and suspended sediment, pH and P fractions, including dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) were determined. P‐socks and bed sediment were also subsampled, which indicated that after 6 months, only 20% capacity remained (P sorption maximum 4.5 g kg‐1). Overall, concentrations of DRP and TP decreased on average 35 and 21%, respectively after the P‐socks were installed, while loads decreased 44 and 10%, respectively. While this was an effective removal strategy at low flows, relatively little P was retained at flow rates >20 litres s‐1. In addition, the technology is expensive compared to alum dosing. Hence, this approach to P retention is limited to small, slow flowing waterways and may be more useful in stopping P loss from sources such as runoff from lane ways where dung is regularly deposited.


The γδT‐cells recognize infected or transformed cells. However, unlike αβT‐cells, γδT‐cells are innate‐like immune cells, with no major histocompatibility complex restriction requirements. γδT‐cells are the main population of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and are associated with the antitumor immune response, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although CD8+T‐cells exhibit dysfunction and even exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contributes to tumor immune escape, whether the same applies to tumor‐infiltrating (TI)‐γδT‐cells is not completely understood. Here, we sought to investigate the expression pattern of inhibitory receptors and functional state of TI‐γδT‐cells, and reveal the features of exhausted TI‐γδT‐cells in the CRC TME. We demonstrated that TI‐γδT‐cells exhibited exhaustion phenotypes and displayed more severe functional exhaustion than TI‐CD8+T‐cells or NK‐cells in the TME of CRC. In addition, scRNA‐seq analysis of TI‐γδT‐cells revealed three exhausted subsets with remarkable heterogeneity. The presence of three heterogeneous exhausted γδT‐cell (Tex) populations, including Texprog, Textran and Texterm were further confirmed by flow cytometry, on the basis of PD‐1 and TIM‐3 expression. Finally, we revealed that c‐Maf not only contributed to γδT‐cell exhaustion via upregulation of inhibitory receptors, but also involved in the exhaustion of CD8+T and NK‐cells. c‐Maf may also be an important contributor to γδT‐cell exhaustion in CRC patients. These findings indicated that TI‐γδT‐cells exhibit phenotypic and functional exhaustion in the CRC TME. The revealed features of exhausted TI‐γδT‐cells may provide help for understanding the mechanisms and the association of γδT‐cell exhaustion with tumor development and pathogenesis.


Many human breast tumors are driven by high intratumor concentrations of 17β-estradiol that appear to be locally synthesized. The role of aromatase is well established, but the possible contribution of the steroid sulfatase (STS), which liberates estrogens from their biologically inactive sulfates, has been inadequately assessed and remains unclear. To evaluate the role of STS further, we transduced estrogen-dependent MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with a retroviral vector directing the constitutive expression of the human STS gene. Gene integration was confirmed by Southern hybridization, production of the appropriately sized messenger RNA by Northern hybridization, and expression of functional protein by metabolism of[ 3H]estrone sulfate to [3H]estrone. Maximum velocity estimates of estrone formation are 64.2 pmol estrone/mg protein·h in STS-transduced cells (STS Clone 20), levels comparable to those seen in some human breast tumors. Lower levels of endogenous activity are seen in MCF-7 cells (13.0 pmo...


The hydrolysis reaction for hydrogen generation by Al-based-material in pure water has been investigated in this work. The composites were prepared by high energy ball milling. The Al-Bi composites and with some different substitutions prepared by ball milling were investigated by Mei-Qiang Fan et al [1,2].,approximately 1000 mL of H2, per gram of the Al-Bi-NaCl can be generated, and the hydrogen generation rate can be achieved at 160 mL/g/min in the first five minutes of hydrolysis. In this work, several kind of alkali metals and complex hydrides were added into the Al-Bi-NaCl composites to improve the kinetics and yield in hydrolysis reaction with pure water at room temperature. It was found that the additives can bring excellent performance to the Al-Bi-NaCl composites. The optimized Al alloy demonstrated a high initial hydrogen generation rate(1878mL*min-1g-1) and could release all the theoretic hydrogen in 1 minute.


A monopole water antenna with a relative permittivity of 81 and a variable conductivity has been studied. Three issues are addressed in the paper. Firstly, the relationship between the conductivity and antenna radiation efficiency is investigated. Secondly, a new feeding design for the water antenna is proposed and a good return loss, radiation efficiency and radiation pattern are obtained. Thirdly, experiments are conducted in anechoic and reverberation chambers to evaluate its performance. Good agreements are achieved between the simulation and measurement results. With different conductivity, the antenna may be regarded as a dielectric resonant antenna, a conducting antenna or their combination. This type of antenna can be considered as an attractive alternative to conventional antenna for various applications.


A key regulatory process during Drosophila development is the localized suppression of the hunchback mRNA translation at the posterior, which gives rise to a hunchback gradient governing the formation of the anterior-posterior body axis. The suppression of the RNA is achieved by a concerted action of Brain Tumour (Brat), Pumilio (Pum) and Nanos. Each protein is necessary for proper Drosophila development. The RNA contacts have been elucidated for the proteins individually in several atomic-resolution structures. However, the interplay of all three proteins in the RNA suppression remains a long-standing open question. We characterize the quaternary complex of the RNA-binding domains of Brat, Pum and Nanos with hunchback mRNA by combining NMR spectroscopy, SANS/SAXS, XL/MS with MD simulations and ITC assays. The quaternary hunchback mRNA suppression complex is flexible with the unoccupied nucleotides of the RNA functioning as a flexible linker between the Brat and Pum-Nanos moieties of the complex. Moreover, Brat and Pum with Nanos bind the RNA completely independently. In accordance with previous studies, showing that Brat can suppress hunchback mRNA independently and is distributed uniformly throughout the embryo, this suggests that hunchback mRNA suppression by Brat is functionally separate from the suppression by Pumilio and Nanos.


Fault diagnosis is crucial in monitoring industrial processes. Faults con be often detected from residuals generated from the system model. For systems with known models, residuals can be readily generated. However, for systems with unknown models, neural networks can be used to model the system. For small or incipient faults, it is difficult to detect faults directly from the residuals. The asymptotic local approach, which transforms the fault diagnosis problem into one that detects statistical changes in a random variable, is proposed here. The proposed scheme is illustrated by a simulation example, and comparison with faults obtained directly from the residuals is also made.


The World Health Organization estimates that children under age 5 in Africa Asia and Latin America experience 760 million episodes of diarrhea each year resulting in 3.9 million deaths. Health service groups planning strategies for national diarrheal disease control programs should include: 1) oral rehydration therapy 2) maternal and child health practices 3) environmental health measures 4) epidemiologic surveillance and control of epidemics 5) delivery systems 6) types of oral rehydration (OR) solution 7) target identification usually children under age 5 who live within 5 km of a treatment center 8) implementation strategy and 9) training health education and promotion program resources to support activities and evaluations. Training of personnel takes priority when implementing the program and the program is designed to be promoted among the general public. Some typical problems which might be encountered are: 1) retraining of health professionals in OR use and 2) teaching the people in the community about OR management. Evaluations should assess the number of deaths from diarrhea the number of diarrhea cases in hospitals or health centers acceptance of treatment by the population and nutritional status surveys.


A static configuration of point charges held together by the gravitational attraction is known to be given by the Majumdar-Papapetrou solution in the Einstein-Maxwell theory. We consider a generalization of this solution to non-Abelian monopoles of the Yang-Mills Higgs system coupled to gravity. The solution is governed by an analog of the Bogomol'nyi equations that had played a central role in the analysis of non-Abelian monopoles.


A laboratory-scale biofilter was used to investigate the potential of the biofilter for removal of sulfide hydrogen and ammonia from waste gases in this study. It took about 40 days for the biofilter to start up, and at the end of start-up period, a high removal efficiency of sulfide hydrogen and ammonia can be obtained. Under the steady state of the biofilter operation, removal efficiency of sulfide hydrogen and ammonia decreased with decrease in gas retention time (with the range of 20-60s), but the minimum removal efficiency attained was still above 82.4% for sulfide hydrogen and above 86.9% for ammonia. Microbial analysis demonstrated that non-acidophilic thiobacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria were dominant in the biofilter in stable operation. The biofiltration process had been proved to be efficient for co-treatment of sulfide hydrogen and ammonia.


New research findings of the development and organization of the mind, brain, and behavior bolster the ongoing relational- or intersubjective-field paradigmatic revision of psychoanalytic theory. A multisystems view of learning, memory, and knowledge provide us with a more complex picture of information processing that has fundamental implications for a psychoanalytic theory of therapeutic action. If the implicit and explicit learning/memory systems are viewed as parallel processes, not easily translatable from one to the other, then new implicit relational experience carries considerably more power as compared to explicit/declarative processing in changing and establishing new implicit mental models. When these cognitive processing systems are viewed as more closely interconnected with a developmental emphasis on connecting them through language, then exploratory/interpretive work becomes more central. REM, dream, infant, and cognitive research evidence suggests that imagistic symbolic capacity exists at birth. Learning and remembering using imagistic symbolic processing could suggest a more easily translatable connection with later developed verbal symbolic processing and a closer, although varied, interconnection between implicit and explicit (symbolic) memory systems. Explicit attitudes are more directly modifiable through an explicit/declarative focus. Implicit mental models, it is proposed, are variably modifiable through two different change processes: (1) accommodation or transformation of expectancies through new implicit procedural experience (not requiring explicit focus) and (2) diminished activation and increased capacity to deactivate implicit mental models through explicit/declarative processing and the establishment of contrasting implicit models through new implicit procedural experience.


In his 2001 article 'Teaching to Lie and Obey: Nietzsche on Education', Stefan Ramaekers defends Nietzsche's concept of perspectivism against the charge that it is relativistic. He argues that perspectivism is not relativistic because it denies the dichotomy between the 'true' world and the 'seeming' world, a dichotomy central to claims to relativism. While Ramaekers' article is correct in denying relativistic interpretations of perspectivism it does not go far enough in this direction. In fact, the way Ramaekers makes his case may actually encourage the charge of relativism, especially when it comes to his appropriation of perspectivism for education. This article proposes to pick up where Ramaekers left off. It will argue that Nietzsche's denial of the opposition between the 'true' world and the 'seeming' world opens up the possibility for the reestablishment of truth, albeit in a modified form. After examining Nietzsche's modified 'realist' epistemology, the paper will explore the implications of it for his philosophy of education. It will be argued that Nietzsche's educational philosophy is founded on his concept of perspectivism in so far as he demands that students be rigorously inculcated into a pedagogical framework that teaches students to discriminate between 'true' and 'false' perspectives. This framework is essential for the development of an intellectually robust and life-affirming culture.


The present invention relates to a lighting device (100), which comprises a structure of interconnected sleeves (110) and a light emitting arrangement (140) arranged inside the sleeves. The structure forms a polygon mesh and light sources (116) on the light emitting arrangement (140) can be positioned by the structure so that the problem of glare can be reduced. The present invention also provides a sound-absorbing, flexible and collapsible structure which can be used in e.g. large scale architectural panels, horticulture and phototherapy devices. The lighting device (100) can be produced by connecting the sleeves (110) with thermoplastic material or by sewing.


Dear Readers, Authors, Reviewers, and Editorial Board Members,
Gratitude for the continuous support of the Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry. Volume eleven (associated to 2021) contains 600 papers, which cumulates 7784 pages, which means five times more pages than volume ten (associated to 2020). This was possible thanks to the trust that all of you have in this journal. All papers accepted in this journal are published under the platinum open-access policy, which means that no fees have to be paid by the authors and 100% permanent free access for authors and readers.
I would like to share a recently published paper highlighting the first bibliometric analysis of Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry from 2016 to 2020: https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC116.1507515140. I am thrilled to conclude that 838 research institutes from 77 countries have participated in fulfilling the journal's focus.
You are very welcome to submit your next manuscript, either original research or review paper, to be considered for publication Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry.


Wind Cave National Park in the Black Hills of South Dakota contains many fungal, bacterial, and archaeal organisms. These biotic communities tend to be low in diversity and sensitive to changes in external inputs of organic matter from seasonal snow melts and tourist traffic. Tourist traffic in particular can affect the natural state of the cave environment and alter species composition and population densities of the resident biota. The goal of this project was the molecular identification of the various fungal and bacterial samples between remote and public sites of Wind Cave to better understand the impact of tourist traffic on cave biota. DNA obtained from cultured samples was used to perform PCR‐based sequencing analysis using primers targeting either a specific region of the 16S small ribosomal subunit for identifying bacteria or an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) for identifying fungal lineages. Phylogenetic trees were created of both the fungal and bacterial genra stratified by cave location.


The sorption of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB) was studied on sandy aquifer material from Borden, ON, by using a batch methodology designed to accurately measure sorption over long equilibration periods. Autoclaving was effective in inhibiting biotransformation, and use of fire-sealed glass ampules precluded volatilization losses. Data analysis techniques were developed to accurately account for partitioning to sample headspace and other losses. Sorption isotherms for PCE and TeCB with Borden solids deviated from linearity when a 4-5 order of magnitude range in aqueous concentration was considered. However, in the dilute range (<50 {mu}/l), the deviations from linearity were inconsequential. The sorption of TeCB was approximately 40 times stronger than for PCE, in qualitative accordance with TeCB's approximately 100-fold greater octanol-water partitioning coefficient. For a given solute, the distribution coefficients differed by a factor of 30 among the various size fractions, being greatest for the largest grains. For most Borden solids, the long-term sorption of PCE and TeCB exceeded by more than 1 order of magnitude the predictions of generalized correlations based on hydrophobic partitioning into organic matter. This difference is believed to be partially the result of mineral contributions to sorption, but may also reflect unattainment of equilibrium in previouslymore » regressed results - in this study, contact times on the order of tens to hundreds of days were required. For Borden solids, pulverization of solid samples was shown to be a viable expedient to obviate the need for excessively long equilibrations.« less


Ostracods from the Arche quarry at Frasnes are analysed. Twenty-seven species are recognised in the Chalon Member and in the very base of the Arche Member of the Moulin Liénaux Formation. Three new species: Scrobicula gracilis, Microcheilinella archensis, and Bairdia (Rectobairdia) chalonensis, and one subspecies Plagionephrodes laqueus praelaqueus, are proposed. The fauna is in the Favulella lecomptei Zone based on metacopid ostracods and belongs to the Eifelian Mega-Assemblage. Ostracods are indicative of a regressive trend from a moderately deep poorly oxygenated marine environment below fair weather wave base to very shallow well oxygenated and agitated environments. Comparison of the ostracod fauna present in the Arche quarry with faunas described from the Frasnes railway section and from the Lion quarry shows that ostracods did not suffer a crisis during the Palmatolepis punctata Conodont Zone and close to the Early—Middle Frasnian boundary.


Organizations have made significant investments in ICT projects, hoping to gain competitive advantages, growth and improvement of productivity. The success and failures of the project is one of the fields in Project Management with most frequently discussed. Project planning is an important part in the project management and has a stronger impact on project success. However, weakness in project strategy and planning lead to lack of business support, inefficient use of resources, poor estimates, poor scope control and increase risks. Previous studies have reported that well-defined project plans play an important role in the success of the project. In recent times, various factors contribute to project success namely; organizational, human, project management, complexity, quality, and technical. Hence, this study aimed to explore and identify critical success factors on project planning that lead to project success. A model is derived from findings of the literature review and tested within the Malaysian public sector through quantitative methodology. Thus, the finding of this study provide the organization with insight to drive their performance improvement in managing investments for project management field, especially through strengthening employees and organization competence as well as benefit the public's sector.


This study investigates the effects of the gender gap on economic growth by using a composite gender gap index from the World Economic Forum. The index captures the multidimensional aspect of the gender gap, which includes gaps in opportunities and outcomes. Previous studies on the effect of gender inequality on economic growth have focused on the unidirectional aspect of inequality, such as gender-wage inequality. The differential effect of the gender gap is established by comparing three different samples, namely, member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, developing countries, and a combination of South and Southeast Asian countries. According to panel data estimations, policies that promote equity boost the economic growth of developing countries, including those in South and Southeast Asia. The role of export growth in economic growth is also analyzed. Consistent with those in literature, current results indicate that export growth exerts a significant positive effect on the economic growth of all samples.


Currently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally. Acute exacerbation of the disease is associated with fast clinical deterioration, increased respiratory tract inflammation and lung function disorders. Acute exacerbation of COPD dramatically worsens patient�s prognosis and serves as an important indicator of therapy effectiveness. Family practitioner should recognize this condition and correctly chose proper antibiotic. Diagnosis of COPD exacerbation is based on clinical manifestations of the disease. Depending on presence of primary or secondary symptoms COPD exacerbations are divided into several types. Antibiotic therapy appears to be more beneficial in patients with type 2 or 3 exacerbation. Sputum purulence is considered an obligatory symptom. As a rule, in complicated course of acute exacerbation of COPD protected aminopenicillins or 3rd generation cephalosporins are the firsline antibiotics. In most cases of COPD exacerbation antibiotics are prescribed orally. If first-line antibacterial therapy fails, the respiratory fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin of moxifloxacin) are prescribed. The author, using her own experience with levofloxacin, gives an example of proper choice of antibiotic if such a situation. Successful experience of management of acute exacerbation of COPD may be useful for general practitioners, physicians, pulmonologists. Key words: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exacerbation, antibiotic therapy, levofloxacin.


Modern Law and Arab Societies in Recent French-Speaking Literature The Study of Islamic Law in Germany: A Review of Recent Books on Islamic Law Spanish Research on Islamic Law, 1990-1999 Law, Religion and the Prophetic Method of Social Change Principles of Islamic Interpersonal Conflict Intervention: A Search within Islam and Western Literature The Dilemma of Islamic Rights Schemes A Framework for Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam Secrecy, Guilt by Association, and the Terrorist Profile Mohammed Abu-Nimer David Cole


Linga Chendhuram (LC) is a traditional Siddha Sastric formulation used in the management of fever at the dosage 65 mg with the adjuvant Honey. It is prepared through the special oxidation of purified Lingam (Cinnabar – Mercuric sulphide) using juice of Citrullus colocynthis as narrated in Siddha Materia Medica. Physicochemical characterization of LC has been carried out using analyses mentioned in the Chendhuram protocol of Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine. Sophisticated Instrumentation such as X-ray Powder diffraction (XRPD), Scanned electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescent Spectroscopy (WDXRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) studies were done on LC. Physicochemical analysis showed the minimal value of moisture content, ash and extractive values. XRPD revealed the presence of HgS along with additional compounds. SEM showed the particles were in micrometer size. WDXRF showed the elements found in the LC were in oxides form. AAS and ICP-OES studies revealed the presence of heavy metals such as Lead and Mercury rather than Arsenic and Cadmium. The above results of LC will be considered as finger print for the standardization of the method of LC preparation.


Based on an empirical analysis of statistics and an objective understanding of the export development of the province over recent years,this paper attempts to put forth a new approach to risk evasion and further optimization of industry structures of the province's export.


Objective To discuss the method and result of the treatment for posterior malleolus fractures fixed with buttress plate via the modified posterolateral approach.Methods Between February 2008 to June 2009.17 patients of posterior malleolar fractures were treated,10 males and 7 females,aged between 22 to 63 years(mean,39.4 years).Nine cases were caused by traffic injuries,7 cases fell from height and one case was caused by heavy pound injury.Fractures were classified with Lauge-Hansen classification system:supination-external rotation,pronation-abduction and pronation-external rotation accounted for 9,3 and 3 cases,respectively.All fractures got open reduction and internal fixation via the modified posterolateral approach, mid-line between the Achilles tendon and fibula.Stability of syndesmosis was checked with"hook test"routinely and fixed with a tri-cortical position screw if necessary.Results It took 65 minutes to 115 minutes for surgeries(mean.87.0 minutes).Thirteen cases got full follow-up visit for at least 12 months(from 12 to 17 months,mean 14.2±1.7 months).No wound complications, lose of reduction or implant failure was noted during follow-up visits.All cases got bony union and could walk with normal gait at the last visit.Conclusions The modified posterolateral approach is easy,safe and allows good access,accurate direct fracture reduction and stable fixation.We recommend this method be considered for the stabilisation of a posterior malleolar fracture.


Tumor-associated macrophages may influence tumor progression, angiogenesis and invasion. To investigate mechanisms by which macrophages interact with tumor cells, we developed an in vitro coculture model. Previously we reported that coculture enhanced invasiveness of the tumor cells in a TNF- (cid:2) - and matrix metalloprotease-dependent manner. In this report, we studied intracellular signaling pathways and induction of inflammatory genes in malignant cells under the influence of macrophage coculture. We report that coculture of macrophages with ovarian or breast cancer cell lines led to TNF- (cid:2) -dependent activation of JNK and NF- (cid:1) B pathways in tumor cells, but not in benign immortalized epithelial cells. Tumor cells with increased JNK and NF- (cid:1) B activity exhibited enhanced invasiveness. Inhibition of the NF- (cid:1) B pathway by TNF- (cid:2) neutralizing Abs, an NF- (cid:1) B inhibitor, RNAi to RelA, or overexpression of I (cid:1) B inhibited tumor cell invasiveness. Blockade of JNK also significantly reduced invasiveness, but blockade of p38 MAPK or p42 MAPK had no effect. Cocultured tumor cells were screened for the expression of 22 genes associated with inflammation and invasion that also contained an AP-1 and NF- (cid:1) B binding site. EMMPRIN and MIF were up-regulated in cocultured tumor cells in a JNK- and NF- (cid:1) B-dependent manner. Knocking down either MIF or EMMPRIN by RNAi in the tumor cells significantly reduced tumor cell invasiveness and matrix metalloprotease activity in the coculture supernatant.


The paper considers a family of formal grammars that extends linear context-free grammars with an operator for referring to the left context of a substring being defined, as well as with a conjunction operation (as in linear conjunctive grammars). These grammars are proved to be computationally equivalent to an extension of one-way real-time cellular automata with an extra data channel. The main result is the undecidability of the emptiness problem for grammars restricted to a one-symbol alphabet, which is proved by simulating a Turing machine by a cellular automaton with feedback. The same construction proves the \(\Sigma^0_2\)-completeness of the finiteness problem for these grammars.


Abstract:Title: The popular blog – on updating and its effects on vistor statisticsNumber of pages: 35Author: Wilhelm von SydowTutor: Else NygrenCourse: Media and Communication Studies CPeriod: Autumn 2006University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala UniversityPurpose/Aim: To examine to which, if any, extent the update frequency of blogs affects their visitor statistics.Material/Method: Quantitative method, Swedish blogs, visitor statistics and updating frequency.Main results: No results could prove the causal effects of the relation between visitor statistics and updating frequency. A noticeable connection between the two variables could, however, be identified.Keywords: Blog, update frequency, visitor statistics, quantitative, Habermas, public sphere, Else Nygren, intranet, Matt Haig, business websites


While many families have PCs and broadband modems, connecting them together as a network, especially if they are in different rooms, is challenging. The problems multiply as consumer electronics devices become enabled for broadband and their networking needs diverge. The authors discuss the evolving situation in the home, user needs for networking, and the growing set of problems faced by users. The article describes major home networking approaches and raises some of the questions to be considered in designing home networks for the future.