[Objective] To explore relationship between aberrant methylation status of promoter of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1(SOCS-1)gene and gastric cancer.[Methods]Methylation-specific PCR(MSP)technique were used to detect the methylation status of promoter of SOCS-1 among 102 cases of gastric cancer and an 1:1 control group of cancer-free and matched by age(±5 years)and sex.Each subject was blood sampled for analyzing.[Results] The rate of SOCS-1 gene promoter aberrant methylation in gastric cancer was 38.24%(39/102),while in corresponding controls was 12.75%(13/102),and the OR between case group and control group is 4.238 1(95%CI:2.092 4 ̄8.584 0).There was no significant difference between the two groups in age and sex sub-group(P 0.05)[.Conclusion] High frequent hypermethylation of SOCS-1 is mostly cancer specific,and it may play a role in the development of gastric cancer.


WHEN THE British flag is lowered for the final time on June 30, Hong Kong will be entering uncharted waters. But it is already far from plain sailing for nurses in the colony. 'Hie handover of Hong Kong to China will bring changes to both indigenous and British nurses working there.


Microspheres containing norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin using Sodium and calcium alginates were prepared and the possible drug-excipient chemical interaction was evaluated by various spectral methods. There was no chemical interaction between these drugs and the alginates. The dissolution and diffusion of these drugs were delayed and the stability at various accelerated stability conditions was improved on entrappment of these drugs in alginates.


Keyword Search (KWS) is the task of retrieving terms of interest within speech. The main approach to KWS, using continuous speech recognition systems fails to perform well on limited resource languages. Dynamic time warping (DTW)-based similarity search techniques provide a useful alternative in these circumstances. However, the main drawback of DTW-based approaches is that their search time is relatively longer. Recurrent neural network-based representation learning techniques have been receiving increasing interest in the literature and it is possible to conduct high speed KWS with this method. In this paper, we investigate the application of representation learning-based systems as a pre-filtering operation to DTW-based search in order to increase the speed. Experiments on Turkish speech data of telephone conversations provided by the IARPA Babel program show that the pre-filtering can increase the speed of search by 35% with a negligible drop in the DTWbased search performance.


Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs) are characterized by a continuous dilation of the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta. Despite significant improvements in surgical procedures and imaging techniques, the mortality and morbidity rates associated with untreated ruptured AAAs are still outrageously high. AAA disease is a health risk of significant importance since this kind of aneurysm is mostly asymptomatic until its rupture, which is frequently a lethal event with an overall mortality rate in the 80% to 90% range. From a purely biomechanical viewpoint, aneurysm rupture is a phenomenon that occurs when the mechanical stress acting on the dilating inner wall exceeds its failure strength. Since the internal mechanical forces are maintained by the dynamic action of blood flowing in the aorta, the quantification of the hemodynamics of AAAs is essential for the characterization of their biomechanical environment.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


ATPG for very large scale integrated circuit designs is an important problem in industry. With the advent of SOC designs, testing and verification of the core-based designs become a challenging problem. This paper presents an algebraic test generation algorithm with unspecified variable assignments. Given a stuck at fault of the circuit with unspecified signals, the proposed algorithm uses a new encoding scheme for unspecified variable assignments, and solves the Boolean satisfiability formula representing the Boolean difference to obtain a test pattern. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.


An analysis of symptom severity across domains may enable us to reevaluate how we categorize symptoms within the spectrum of psychotic illness.


There is currently a global call for more use of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM), and ecosystem models such as Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) are being used to provide a holistic view of ecosystem–fisheries interactions. Although these can be useful for an EAFM, the relative paucity of data available for deep-sea ecosystems raises concerns whether we can effectively apply an EAFM to the deep sea. The deep-sea ecosystem off the west coast of Scotland has been studied for longer and in more detail than most. This study assimilates the significant published and unpublished information available on this ecosystem into an EwE model. The results suggest that there are sufficient data available to construct an ecosystem model, but the quality of the data varies and serious potential sources of error are present in biomass and discard estimates. The assumptions needed to produce a model are varied and must be considered when interpreting the outputs of the model. Ecosystem modelling provides a unique view of the deep-water ecosystem and facilitates hypothesis development concerning predator–prey and inter-fishery interactions. Sharks are used to illustrate the benefits of using an ecosystem model to describe changes in their biomass and their prey species. The results show that both fishing for sharks and fishing for their prey affect the biomass of sharks.


In view of the lack of a portable walking aid with multiple functions in the current market, a multifunctional combined walking aid is designed. The device is based on raspberry pie, and controls the whole device through human-computer interaction of touch screen; the dynamic and non dynamic switching is realized through disassembly structure, which can have the advantages of walking aid and crutch structure; a stacked connection structure is designed, which can realize the functions of folding and drug storage in a cylindrical structure at the same time; a vertical driving wheel is adopted, which can realize the function of folding and drug storage. The independent driving of two wheels enables the user to enter the control position from the rear side of the walking aid. The experimental results of the prototype show that the device has the advantages of strong functionality, convenient operation and broad application prospects.


Objective: The assessment of energy effectiveness of traction drives for carriages of rolling stock models 81-765/766/767 and 81-556/557/558 ("NEVA") from various producers and drafting technical requirements for drive electric equipment. Stock 81-765/766/767 uses asynchronous engine of 170 kW wattage and 43 Hz field rated frequency, 81-556/557/558 — 167 kW with 70 Hz rated frequency. Methods: The comparative analysis of drive energy indicators of trains with asynchronous electric drives has been accomplished in accordance with the calculation methodology. Measuring section was set in accordance with GOST P 50850-96. There are defined the assumptions at motion of rolling stock with equal maximal acceleration in a runaway and maximal deceleration in a braking and constant deceleration in a run-out. Maximal acceleration and deceleration were calculated incompliance adhesion set coefficient, grip weight (mass of motor cars) and moment of inertia. The calculation by method of analytical integration of motion differential equation was held on runaway five intervals. Initial technical data of trains with rated load as well as calculated indicators at train motion on measuring section were accepted. Diagrams of train motion on section were built and comparative analysis of characteristics of stock carriage models 81-765/766/767 and 81-556/557/558 ("NEVA") was pursued. Results: It was established during the comparison that engine overload by torque on shaft is the same with 1.5 coefficient to rated torque. Stocks have significantly different indicators as by unit expenses as well as by motion dynamics. It's been also established that for to minimize energy costs for traction it's required to develop maximally allowable deceleration at braking and maximally allowable acceleration at runaway. Practical importance: The necessity of entry into Technical Task for new rolling stock of the requirement on stock check on runaway possibility with maximal set acceleration.


The present invention relates to configuring and wiring together cells in TF PV modules. According to one aspect, cells within the module are adjusted in size to compensate for known process non-uniformity. According to another aspect, the module is divided into a number of smaller series-connected Sub-modules that are then wired in parallel. According to another aspect, the module and/or Sub-module may have a non-rectangular shape. According to another aspect, lithography and etch processes are preferably used to form interconnects. In another embodiment, contact pads are formed using photolithographic processes, which may be used to mount protect diodes to minimize the risk of damage due to shading or non-uniformity.


The thesis entitled "The Exhaustion of the Administrative Way": Articles 20 and 21 ° Law No. 27584 (LPCA) on the Labor Remuneration of Public Officials and Public Servants aims to raise awareness of the problematic environment surrounding the granting of labor remuneration acquired or fulfilled as such, among which we have the bonuses, transitory homologation, preparation of classes, mourning and burial, social benefits, compensation for damages, etc. Also make known what are the grounds for denying the award of compensation for lack of exhaustion of the administrative or lack of precise claims in the first step that is the request.
Also analyze, determine and explain what is the reason for the dismissal of the demands to petition for the labor remunerations acquired by the public servant, as well as to scrutinize the foundations of the self-rule of the state and of different procedural principles in the administrative, judicial and that the remunerations not received by the worker have a compensatory character.
Likewise, this investigation also focuses on analyzing the foundations of the Supreme Court, to declare inadmissible the demands that request acquired rights, thus affecting the fundamental rights of the public servant in the protection of the state.On the other hand, this investigation carries out an analysis of the compensations and damages not received due to a bad request in the administrative way of the operator of the right or of the same administered.


In view of the problem that the traditional multi-Agent flocking algorithms are not universal when a single target tracking is considered, and the existing multi-target flocking control is controlled by centralized coordinated movement based on global target information, rather than the distributed coordinated control based on local destination information.Therefore, a distributed motion cooperative pinning flocking algorithm combined with local adaptive tracking was presented.First, the local adaptive tracking strategy based on separation, aggregation, velocity matching and direct feedback was introduced to achieve local following interaction dynamically. Secondly, a node influence index evaluation algorithm based on pinning idea was presented to select the m information Agents to track m targets, playing an important role in simulating external information; different information individuals indirectly lead individuals with a different target to track the respective target due to local adaptive detection mechanism. Finally, a new class of potential functions of aggregation and exclusion with the advantages of less adjustable parameters and high efficiency was designed; the Agents with same target could gather in the process of tracking, and the Agents with different target could avoid collision based on the potential function. The experimental results under three dimensional space show the feasibility and effectiveness of multi-target tracking.


The transport department of urban cities always needs to keep abreast of sustainable developments such as in Port Said city that is an important urban city in Egypt. Bike routes planning mission is not an easy occupation, especially in developing countries. Mixed traffic is the main shape of the transportation system in most of their systems. The increase of the bike user's percent is an expected objective and be one of the modern sustainable transport solutions. On another side, a lot of problems and accidents had been occurred according to bike crossings among other transport vehicles; cars, buses, taxis, and others. This paper aims at studying the introduction of the bike route's effectiveness. It concludes the driver's reaction to a definite planning scenario and the optimistic effect of the modal change on the objective function that has been assumed by attaching a suitable time-saving for bike users using the Artificial Neural Network ANNs Approach. It shows the effect of bike speed change on the route using a greedy algorithm. The study designated only four streets from seven selected streets to be suitable routes for bike routes introduction. The average bike speed is predicted to increase from 1.5 km per hour to be 2.4 km per hour after introducing the bike routes.


Distributed Generation (DG) provides an alternative to the traditional electricity sources and can also be used to enhance the present electrical system. Some of the main applications of DG are to provide support and reliability to the power system in a grid-connected mode. The paper is focused on analyzing the installation of DG on distribution network operation including voltage analysis, electric losses and reliability of the system. This paper also investigates the effectiveness of a novel Solid State Fault Current Limiter (SSFCL) in the presence of the Wind-Turbine Power Generation (WTPG) and compares its performance without SSFCL using PSCAD. The SSFCL efficiently protects synchronization of three lines to ground fault and compared with a system without SSFCL.


Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused dev-astation and continues to do so even a year after its first outbreak. Behavioral modifications could help to mitigate a mechanism for acquiring and spreading illnesses. Using wearable devices such as smartwatches to recognize face contact has the opportunity to decrease face touching and, therefore, the spread of respiratory disease through fomite transmission. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how we can utilize accelerometer data from wristwatch sensors to identify face touching actions using deep learning techniques. We proposed the BiGRU deep learning model for the high-performance recognition of hand-to-face actions. The Face Touching dataset is used as a benchmark for evaluating the recognition accuracy of deep learning networks, including our network model. The experimental findings indicate that the BiGRU surpasses other baseline deep learning models regarding accuracy (98.56%) and F1-score (98.56%).


Shielded metal arc welding method with different heat input was used to carry on the welding tests for the 8mm SS400 plate.The microstructure and micro-hardness distribution in welded joints were analyzed through metallographic microscopes and micro-hardness tester. The results show that the welded joint was not completely penetrated when the heat input came to 16KJ / cm. The width of HAZ ranges from 1. 9 mm to 4. 3 mm and the average diameters of the coarse grain increase slightly as well with the increasing of heat input. When the heat input came to 27 KJ / cm,more acicular ferrites were obtained in the weld zone,but the grains in the Coarse-grain region grew bigger,accounting for 52 percent of the whole HAZ. The micro-hardness distribution varies every different zone with the improvement of welding heat input. When the heat input came to 27 KJ / cm,the micro-hardness in weld zone increases approximately 30%more than that of the base mental.


Robot stiffness modelling is essential in robot control. An accurate stiffness model can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of the robot and significantly enhance the robot's performance in various works. Three critical experimental data are important to establish a robot stiffness model: the deformation of end effector, external load, and robot pose. Normally, the robot poses with singularity are considered to be avoided for stiffness modelling. However, it is unclear whether the robot pose close to the singularity has an effect on the modelling accuracy. This paper investigated the influence of the robot poses on the stiffness modelling. Condition number was adopted to describe the degrees of singularity. A series of poses were designed according to the distribution of the condition number. Experiments were designed to exert different loads on the robot to collect the deformations and loading forces. Virtual joint modelling (VJM) approach was used to establish the stiffness model with the experimental data. The influence of the condition number on the modelling accuracy was discussed. The results indicated that the stiffness model has a significant relative error at the position with high singularity. Condition number can be used as a reference index for the design of stiffness modelling. And the range of this reference index was given for the experimental robot in this study.


Today, in understanding, the millennial generation has appeared to deviate from the concept of moderation, as evidenced by the emergence of terror from millennials. Today's millennials are trapped in religious ideology which has the potential to damage the peace and harmony of the nation and state. The adherents of this ideology are easy to recognize, among the criteria that appear and can be seen immediately are in terms of attitude, such as feeling themselves the holiest, most righteous, apart from those who are heretics, heretics, and even disbelievers. This study tries to describe the phenomena that occur and the efforts of madrasas in Aceh in fostering students not to be trapped in religious phenomena that undermine the peace of the nation and state. The results of the study show that these radical or extremist actors indoctrinate millennials with an understanding that is contrary to the government's attitude towards the diversity of religious communities or stereotypes towards Religious Moderation. besides that through the use of information technology such as social media by creating content that leads to rejection of government policies, especially regarding religious moderation. The efforts of madrasas in Aceh in fostering students are through habituation of spiritual attitudes and character development in extracurricular activities.


Previous studies on the leakage of radioactivity from glutamate-C 14 labeled Escherichia coli cells in the presence of phenolic disinfectants were extended to involve cells labeled by growth on glucose-U-C 14 , acetate-C 14 , adenine-C 14 , sulfate-S 35 , and phos-phate-P 32 . In general, the phenolic disinfectants considered caused varying amounts of radioactivity to be released from the labeled cells. The phenol derivatives did not cause leakage of significant amounts of radioactivity from heat-treated cells, and cells exposed to n -butanol (which breaks the osmotic barrier) did release additional radioactivity when treated with p -chloro-aw-xylenol or phenol, but the total counts released under the experimental conditions did not exceed that with further butanol treatment. Cells labeled with P 32 , once treated with p -chloro- m -xylenol, continued to release radioactivity in saline buffer but glucose-C 14 -labeled cells did not. The amount of radioactivity released from variously labeled cells in the presence of phenol, p -chloro- m -xylenol, or n -butanol was affected by temperature.


Background: Breast cancer under 40 years concerns a relatively small subgroup of cases that tend to display a more aggressive phenotype. Compatible with this, early age of onset has been known as one of clinical characteristic of hereditary breast cancers associated with germline BRCA1 or BRCA1 mutations. As early onset breast cancer is frequent in Indonesia, we investigated the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of early onset (< 40 years) Indonesian breast cancer patients, as such features can be used to distinguish between BRCA and non-BRCA germline mutation carriers among these young women. Method: Thirty-five formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of young women (mean 36 years, range 22-40 years) who underwent surgical resection at the Department of Surgery of the Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta were examined for pathological features, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, proliferation as determined by Ki67 labeling, EGFR and CK5/6 and the presence of HER-2/neu and p53 protein. Additionally, mutation analysis for BRCA1 and BRCA2 was performed in 30 young women. The control group consisted of carcinomas from women above 50 years (mean 59.02, range 50-80 years). Result: Carcinomas occurring in women aged below 40 years were more often advanced stage and higher proliferating (p=0.006). Among the early onset breast cancer patients, ductal type, grade 3, ER and HER-2/neu negativity, high Ki67 index and CK5/6 and EGFR positivity were typical for BRCA1 patients. Unfortunately, there were no typical phenotypical features for BRCA2 carriers. However, grade I and lobular cases were never BRCA1/2 germline mutated. Conclusion: Early onset Indonesian breast cancer shows increased proliferation compared to late onset patients. Within the early onset group, the strongest features pointing to a sporadic cancer seem to be grade I and lobular differentiation. Features increasing the chance of a germline BRCA1/2 mutation are CK5/6 and EGFR expression, p53 accumulation and high proliferation as measured by Ki67 labeling. This is potentially useful to optimize selection of early onset breast cancer patients for BRCA1/2 mutation testing. Keywords: breast cancer, early onset, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, BRCA1, BRCA2


Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) attracts much attention as a topological insulator. Using the first-principles density-functionalcalculations based on generalized gradient approximation, the structural and electronic properties of Bi2Te3 have been donewith and without spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Total energy calculations showed that the optimized lattice parameters are a= b=4.44 Å and c= 32.20 Å, in consistent with an experiment. Bi2Te3 is calculated to be an insulating with band gap of 0.5 eVfrom the density of states without SOC. Finally, we found that the effect of SOC is a crucial to determine the experimentally observed very narrow band gap of 0.15 eV.


Content based image retrieval (CBIR) is a method of retrieving images from large image resource, which has been found to be very effective. To represent images in terms of their features, CBIR involves the use of low-level image features like, colour, texture, shape, and spatial location, etc. To improve existing CBIR performance, it is very important to find effective and efficient feature extraction mechanisms. Texture effectively describes the distinguishing characteristics between images. It is one of the most important and prominent properties of an image. A variety of techniques have been developed for extracting texture features, broadly classified into the spatial and spectral methods. Though many works on texture classification and representation have already been done, it is still an open issue. Vector Quantization (VQ) is an efficient and simple approach for data compression. Therefore, the computational cost of CBIR system can be reduced by using vector quantization. In this paper we have provided the overview of different methods for textured based CBIR system and also discussed how its performance can be improved by vector quantization.


All authors agree that in order to prevent complications that may arise, an ovarian tumor diagnosed during pregnancy should be removed immediately, because on the one hand, pregnancy does not worsen the prognosis of the operation, and on the other hand, abortion is observed only in a small number of cases (20-22%)


Education in the United States (US) has come a long way over the past few decades. Now, learning institutions are combining traditional educational tools with newer technology such as virtual reality (VR) as well as augmented learning spaces. In light of the recent COVID-19 global pandemic, internet-assisted virtual classrooms are often preferred over traditional teaching - this reduces in-person contact while delivering lessons on time in a safe space. The construction industry has adopted virtual reality (VR) in safety training, design, and field management, and to coordinate installations as it helps in visualizing decisions. Despite the benefits, it has found limited application in construction management (CM) education. This study introduces CM undergraduates to a virtual jobsite and investigates the efficacy of VR as a knowledge transfer pedagogy. Using data and construction documents from an ongoing project, we deploy state of the art technology to convert them into a virtual space using TwinMotion, which in turn is viewed by students with the help of Oculus Rift headsets in a controlled environment. This research propels the learner into an immersive environment to learn about building systems through VR instead of using two-dimensional construction drawings. The subjects' understanding of the materials is gauged using an online pre- post quiz. With a design-based research approach, we assess the impact of VR tools on construction student knowledge, how students respond to this hybrid model of instruction, and whether it holds any value compared to other traditional methods of instruction. Incorporating such educational tools and practices can increase the prevalence of more focused educational knowledge transfer while protecting the students' health by reducing personal contact at the same time. We plan to further investigate VR across several course iterations and are optimistic that these immersive tools will help to better train young construction professionals before they join the industry. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2021


The objective was to evaluate the association between consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) and body mass index (BMI) in Mexican adolescents.


s: According to the design requirements of pure electric light off-road vehicle in the initial stage of development, parameter values of the main parts of the vehicle drive system are selected after theoretical calculation. With the vehicle modeling and its performance simulation on the Cruise software, indicators of its dynamics and economic performance are got and the results are compared to the design requirements, which verified the feasibility of Cruise software application in the electric vehicle drive system development.


Broadcasting data and user data multiplexer have become one of the key equipments worked in the digital television transfer system. It has become the key problem for the home digital television system to produce dedication multiplexer chips independently. This paper introduces the multi-program multiplexing theory based on pre-processing Transport Stream(TS),and provides a design scheme of multiplexer FIFO based on FPGA. The experimental verification result shows that the design has achieved requirement.


The 2D crystallites of polar organic dye molecules on an aqueous subphase exhibit a thermochromic phase transition. The visible absorption band of the crystallites depends on the temperature and the composition of the subphase. In-situ observations of the phase transition were carried out by a grazing incidence X-ray diffraction method. A shift and a split of the diffraction peaks were observed between the different phases, indicating a change in the molecular arrangement of the crystallites in their chromic transition.


We trace the origins and development of the annual Meeting of the Rain Prophets, held in Quixada, Ceara, demonstrating how the invention of this tradition depends on the circulation of public, academic and media discourses in order to achieve the goal of preserving the culture imagined to exist in the rural Northeast. We examine the intersection between culture and folklore, analizing the collaboration of individuals, media and researchers (including anthropologists) in the production of culture related to rain prediction. We show how texts produced by the media and researchers enter into public discourse about the rain prophets. In these ways, we are simultaneously inventing and preserving a tradition. Taking a close look at the intertextuality of media, academic and public discourses about the rain prophets, we contribute to debates about the influence our work has on the knowledge and practices we study.


We describe a method for frequency narrowing commercial high power diode lasers from 2 to 0.1 nm bandwidth with modest loss of power (<2 dB). The resulting laser light is well suited for spin-exchange optical pumping, and we demonstrate that the polarization produced by a 2.5 W narrowband laser exceeds that of a 15 W array by 40% in our optical pumping system.


Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) is a chronic cerebrovascular disorder characterized by a slowly progressive occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Previous study suggested that immune disorder and autoantibody production may involve in the pathogenesis of this disease. In order to elucidate the correlation of the autoAbs with the disease phenotype and to identify possible biomarkers, we utilized an autoantigen microarray bearing 83 specificities to characterize IgG and IgM autoantibodies expressed in the sera of MMS patients (n=56) and healthy controls (HC, n=31). 13 IgG autoantibodies and 35 IgM autoantibodies were significantly increased in MMS patients compared with HC (p<0.05). The increased expression of anti-MPO, anti-MBP and anti-PR3 in MMS sera were further confirmed by ELISA. Cluster analysis identified 4 autoAb patterns including chromosome related (anti-centromere and histone), ECM related (anti-matrigel, laminin), RNA related (anti-Ro60 and SSA/SSB) and thyroid related (anti-thyroglobulin and TPO) antibodies which were increased in MMS and correlated with different clinical manifestations including course of disease, number of involved brain vessels and thyroid activity, etc. Furthermore, MMS sera exhibited positive reaction with the patient brain vessels by IHC staining. The above findings indicate that IgG and IgM autoAbs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MMS and could be useful biomarkers for the prediction of the disease


Abstract:Victor Turner's The Ritual Process, published in 1970, spoke to its time. The social movements of the late 1960s and 1970s identified with Turner's idea that they were neither marginal nor deviant, but liminal elements in a procession through periods of structure and anti-structure. More than this, Turner argued that times of transition are privileged and generative for individuals and societies. Most recently, the analysis of liminality in The Ritual Process is relevant to considering America and its pandemic experience. Thinking about thresholds suggests how COVID's tragedy is an opportunity to see America anew.


The current study was performed to estimate Radon concentration in the tap water and annual effective dose in 22 water samples from three districts in Haditha city (Haditha center, Haqlaniyah and Barowana) in addition to Euphrates river. the results show that overall concentration of radon 226 in drinking water in Haditha city was ranged (0.0091 – 0.031 Bq L−1). Also, the annual effective dose of radon 226 was calculated, The highest was 0.113166 μSv/y, while the lowest was 0.03322 μSv/y. The rank order of drinking water resources in Haditha region based on the concentration of radon 226 was Euphrates river > Haditha > Barwana > Haglanyah. The overall concentration of radon 226 in drinking water in Haditha city was lower than WHO and EPA standard limits.


The problem of comparison of the computing systems (CS) topologies is related with finding of maximum cliques in the CS graph. The solution of this task based on using of the representation of the graph offered by the Author is provided in this paper. Properties of projections of the complete graph and projections of cliques of general graph are formulated. The algorithm to identify the maximum clique of the given graph of the computing system and of its modifications corresponding to presented values of indices of reachability and faulttolerance is described and illustrated by the examples.


The author bases his conclusions on cases occurring in his Constantinople practice. These cases are of exceptional interest from the etiological point of view in that (1) the patients comprise representatives of various nations; (2) these nations, owing to differences in religion and mode of life,


FIELD: lighting. SUBSTANCE: integral LED emitter comprises a housing with electrical terminals for connection to a power source, and a light emitting module and a key management controller located in the housing and connected to the electrical terminals via a rectifier, the light emitting module is a section of an electrical circuit of N LED elements connected in series, each comprising a LED unit with a certain number of LEDs connected in series inside the unit and key connected in parallel with LED unit, the controller has N+2 terminals, wherein it is connected with electrical terminals on the housing by two terminals, and each of the other N terminals is connected to the key of corresponding LED element. In this case, the LED unit of any LED element can contain at least two parallel connected sections of the electrical circuit, each is of the same number of series-connected LEDs. EFFECT: possibility of operating LED emitter with a high efficiency of emition directly from AC sources without the use of current stabiliser. 2 cl, 1 dwg


The aim of the study was to produce potential antihypertensive peptides with multi-enzyme inhibitory effects from defatted snail protein meal (SnPM). The SnPM was enzymatically hydrolysed by sequential pepsin and pancreatin addition to mimic gastrointestinal tract digestion. After the digestion, approximately 81% of the initial SnPM protein was converted into soluble peptides, which were collected as the snail protein hydrolysate (SnPH). The SnPH was then fractionated using ultrafiltration membranes to obtain peptide fractions with <1, 1-3, 3-5, 5-10 and >10 kDa molecular weight sizes. The SnPH and fractionated peptides were investigated for in vitro inhibitions of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and renin activities followed by determination of enzyme inhibition kinetics parameters.The SnPH had 68 and 59% in vitro inhibition of ACE and renin activities, respectively in comparison to the membrane fractions with 46-78 and 41-66% values. The ACE-inhibitory IC 50 values were 0.22-0.79 mg/mL when compared to 0.41-0.96 mg/mL for renin, which suggests that the peptides have higher potency against ACE. The SnPH and membrane fractions inhibited ACE activity through mainly a non-competitive mechanism whereas renin inhibition was of the mixed-type. The results suggest that the snail peptides bind mainly to ACE non-active sites but could bind to both the active and non-active sites of renin. work was to determine the in vitro ACE and renin-inhibitory activities as well as the enzyme inhibition kinetics of African giant land snail protein-derived peptides.


Influencer marketing is an emerging area in the field of marketing. Specifically, this topic grabs the attention of several academicians and practitioners because of the key role played by influencers to stimulate consumer behaviour. Significantly, a systematic way of analysing and summarising the works of literature in this nascent area is necessary. A systematic literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the whole literature studied. From this knowledge, a systematic literature review has been undertaken from the period of 2016 to 2021 based on 65 articles from the ABDC journal to fetch relevant research themes, methodology, theories, variables, antecedents and consequences and potential research gaps. From this information, this research proposed an integrative framework which depicts the role of social media influencers in activating consumer behaviour. Future research direction has presented comprising of knowledge gap in the existing literature from key areas such as theory, methodology and settings. This research provides implications for both theories and practice.


This report proposes that speed of reading should be analyzed as four separate components. A measure of the first of these, speed of reading known vocabulary, is described and its characteristics investigated on a mixed sample of 84 boys including a high proportion of retarded readers but covering the full achievement span. In this sample the measure is independent of a cluster of standardized reading tests and has a high reliability estimated from scores on separately timed halves. An investigation of relationships between the experimental test and a series of measures of cognitive abilities suggests that this aspect of speed of reading is most closely related to perceptual speed.


Paramedian nasal cleft is a rare developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by a unilateral or bilateral coloboma of the nose, ranging in severity from a small notch, resulting in minor deviation of the nasal septum, to variable-sized clefts of the nasal ala which may be associated with small cysts or sinuses in the nasal midline. Defect may be isolated or may occur in association with cleft lip and/or other craniofacial anomalies (e.g. hypertelorism, broadening of nasal root, midline cleft). Dorsum and apex of nose are usually well preserved.


The NAD + regeneration system present in E. coli cells was exploited for the oxidation and deracemisation of secondary alcohols with the over-expressed alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 (E. coli/ADH-A). Thus, various racemic alcohols were selectively oxidised employing lyophilised or resting E. coli/ADH-A cells, without requiring external cofactor or co-substrate. Simple addition of these substrates to the E. coli/ADH-A cells in buffer afforded the corresponding ketones and the remaining enantioenriched (R)-alcohols. This methodology was applied for the desymmetrisation of a meso-diol, and for the synthesis of the highly valuable raspberry ketone. Moreover, a biocatalytic concurrent process was developed with resting cells of E. coli/ADH-A, ADH from Lactobacillus brevis (LBADH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), for the deracemisation of various secondary alcohols, producing the desired enantiopure alcohols in up to >99% ee starting from the racemic mixture. The reaction time of deracemisation for 1phenylethanol was estimated to be less than 30 min. The stereoinversion of (S)-1-phenylethanol to its pure (R)-enantiomer was also successfully achieved, thus providing a biocatalytic alternative to the chemical Mitsunobu inversion reaction.


Male infant circumcision is a controversial and debated topic in both scientific and public discourses in parts of Western Europe. Debates are heated and it is not always entirely clear what is in the best interest of the male infant. In this article, we discuss the importance of returning to core principles of evidence-based, patient-centred care that may help move the discussion away from the current, increasingly polarised positions. According to principles of evidence-based medicine, systematic retrieval and critical appraisal of the best evidence available should be a core consideration in all decisions regarding healthcare policy and practice. Applying this principle to male infant circumcision, we need a careful, dispassionate critique of the evidence in relation to the benefits and risks associated with the procedure and an assessment of the potential health gains and adverse effects of any interventions (such as legislation) that may be introduced. Currently, the more robust evidence-base has ten...


Where is Europe? Who is Europe? What is a European? Whom do we actually address when we speak of 'our fellow Europeans'? We know that Europe is something entirely different from the European Union as an administrative entity. But the present and future enlargement of the EU will create new borders, with new exclusions. This again means waiting rooms, velvet curtains, and iron-like walls. In the future as in the past, the individual European experience may be contradicted by the actual EU borders. Alter Ego presents twenty perspectives on Europe and its other(s), from both inside and outside the EU, from the acceding states and from the new neighbour countries. Writers, poets, scientists, artists, and politicians whose life and work are indistinguishable from Europe and yet often offer the vantage point of an outsider. Twenty individuals who by virtue of their talent, craft or profession are seasoned mediators between various milieus, backgrounds, and languages. Their stories make Europe palpable on the individual level.


Rank ordering,as a kind of statistics method,has been extensively applied in practice and research on seismology etc for its overcoming the insufficiency of sample size.This paper proposes that the original time sequence implicates dynamic information of the system evolvement,but rank ordering has filtered the dynamic information in original sequence and distorted the dynamic characteristic of the system evolvement.Based on the original sequence obtained from sand pile experiment,our viewpoint has been proved by means of the R/S analysis method in this paper.


The approaches to the «identification» problem in the world sociology are described in the article. In particular, the viewpoints of such authors, as E. Giddens, E. Fromm, V. Hessle and others are considered.


The utility model discloses a safety socket with a protective door, which comprises a socket main body, a conductive body and a socket cover which is provided with jacks. The utility model is characterized in that an interlayer is arranged between the socket cover and the socket main body, a sliding piece for covering the conductive body is installed in the interlayer and a spring is connected between the sliding piece and the socket main body. The sliding piece is provided with a bevel on a part which corresponds to the jacks of the socket cover. The bottom surface of the sliding piece is provided with a convex rib. The inner wall of the socket cover is provided with two grooves on positions which correspond to the jacks. When a monopole is inserted, because of imbalance stress, one end of the sliding piece can sink along a hole of the conductive body and the other end can be tilted to be penetrated into the grooves on the inner wall of the socket cover. Consequently, the safety socket with a protective door prevents the sliding piece from moving backwards. At this time, inserted objects are blocked by the sliding piece and can not enter. The sliding piece can play the action of a protective door.


THE opportunity of reporting 8 cases of mesenteric cyst occurring during a space of four years must be most unusual, since most writers on the subject agree that these cysts are very rare (Roller, 1935; Paul, 1948; Miller, 1954; Amos, 1959). Flynn (1930) considers that they are the rarest of all abdominal tumours and Warfield (1932) states that many surgeons in a full working life have never seen a case. Many surgical text-books ignore the condition altogether and contain no reference to these cysts. The first reference to a mesenteric cyst appears to have been made in 1507 by Benevieni, a Florentine anatomist. Warfield (1932) collected 129 cases from the literature and added 2 personal reports. Rankin and Major (1932) found only 7 mesenteric cysts in the records of the Mayo Clinic, and Beahrs and Judd (I947), adding a case of their own, said that these 7 were the only such cases found in a million admissions to the Clinic. Thompson and Chambers (1946) estimated that the incidence was I in 100,ooo admissions. Some authors, however, suggest that the condition is not as rare as appears and they think that many cases are either not recognized or not reported (Flynn, 1930; Peterson, 1932; Warfield, 1932). This conclusion would appear to be supported by the present series as well as by Parsons (1936), who as long ago as 1936 collected 500 reports from the literature. Although many papers deal with single cases, larger series have been reported by Roller (1935) 3 cases; Handelsman and Ravitch (1954) and Peterson (1932) reported 5 cases each, and Gross (1953) in a very wide experience found 12 isolated mesenteric cysts and one multiple cystic condition of the mesentery,


This study investigates the role of logistics and its six components on trade flows in selected Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) countries. The impact of other macro-economic variables on trade flows was also investigated. Ten countries were selected in twelve years period. We decomposed trade flows into import and export trade. The World Bank Logistics performance index was used as a measure of logistics performance. The LPI has six components, and the impact of these components on trade flows were also examined. The random-effect model was used to explain the cross-country result that was obtained. The results showed that logistics has significant impact on import trade and also, it has positive but weak impact on export trade. The study revealed that competence in local logistics service industry and timeliness of shipment has positive and significant impact on import trade. It was also found that Competence of local logistics service industry, ease and affordability of handling shipment and timeliness of shipment in reaching final destination has positive and significant relation with export trade. Efficiency and effectiveness of custom has a positive and significant impact on import trade. The study recommended the introduction of the single window system and improvement in border management to reduce the cost associated with Logistics and thereby enhance trade.


ABSTRACT A spatiotemporal speed contour (SSC, or time-space traffic) diagram that exhibits traffic dynamics in time and space is of importance in transportation research and applications. This paper empirically investigates the feasibility of using non-rectangular parallelogram (nRP) cells to construct the SSC diagram, given complete trajectory and probe vehicle data. Compared with the traditional way of using rectangular parallelogram (RP) cells, using nRP cells further considers the direction of backward-moving wave. The trajectory dataset provided by Next Generation Simulation is employed as the data source, and travel time is taken as a metric to measure the quality of the constructed SSC diagram. Various comparisons demonstrate that using nRP cells outperforms using RP cells, in particular when the traffic is congested and the cells are relatively large. Therefore, we recommend using nRP cells to construct the SSC diagram in future, which is as simple as the traditional way but more accurate particularly in terms of estimating travel time.


Purpose – This paper aims to explore whether internal context – decision-makers' perception of characteristics of the information content – might predict the variation in adoption rates of different types of content, and whether innovation adoption theory might represent important factors of this decision-making process Corporate management decides what types of environmental information content to disclose/adopt. Design/methodology/approach – Actual adoption rates of 13 information content categories are computed using content analysis of annual reports for 62 listed companies. Each content category is seen as an innovation the company decides to adopt or not. Interviews with management in several companies illustrate the decision process of disclosure, and help predict adoption rates. Predicted and actual adoption rates are compared. Findings – Adoption rates vary considerably among the 13 types of content. The absolute level of adoption rates is affected by company size and environmental risk. However,...


Report on the capture of the city of Aba by federal troops. On the same clipping is a report on the first batch of Biafran children flown out to Sao Tome for medical attention.


Carbocyclic nucleosides have been the focus of much recent attention in the development of new antitumor and antiviral therapeutic agents.1 The search for antiviral agents, particularly for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), resulted in the discovery of carbovir (1), which has been shown to possess significant in vitro activity as an inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase (Scheme 1).2,3 More recently, a new reverse transcriptase inhibitor 1592U89 (2), which is currently in phase II clinical trials, has been discovered and reported to hold remarkable promise for the treatment of HIV.4 Reduction of viral load of greater than 99% as well as significant improvements in CD4 counts for HIV-infected patients have been observed after dosing for 12 weeks with 1592U89 (2).5 Continuous improvement in the enantioselective syntheses of carbocyclic nucleosides is required due to their therapeutic significance. An efficient and general approach to the asymmetric synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides such as carbovir (1) and 1592U89 (2) is described here. An attractive convergent approach for the enantioselective synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides involves Trost's6 palladium-catalyzed coupling of purine or pyrimidine bases with carbocyclic allylic carbonates or acetates.7 This strategy requires ready access to enantiomerically pure 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol (3) or the isomeric 4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol (4), each of which gives access to the same π-allyl palladium intermediate for coupling to the nucleoside base. Our approach to the synthesis of 3 relies on the realization that combination of an asymmetric aldol condensation8 with a ring closure metathesis reaction9 can provide rapid entry into functionalized, enantiomerically pure carbocycles. Condensation of the lithiated (S)-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone with the pentenoic pivalic mixed anhydride 5 provided the pentenoyloxazolidinone 610 in near-quantitative yield (Scheme 2). Use of the Evans' dialkylboron triflate protocol8a for diastereoselective syn aldol condensation with acrolein produced the aldol product 710 in 82% yield [(>99% de [R]D +50.6° (c ) 0.89, CHCl3)]. The critical ring closure metathesis was accomplished in 97% yield by exposure of a dichloromethane solution of diene 7 to 1% of the Grubbs9a catalyst for 30 min to form the cyclopentenol 810 [[R]D -92.5° (c ) 0.795, CHCl3)]. The chiral auxiliary was reductively removed with lithium borohydride11 to provide the required diol 3 in 78% yield [[R]D -125.1° (c ) 0.47, CHCl3), >99.6% ee by chiral HPLC of the dip-toluate]. Diol 3 was converted to cyclic carbonate 9 (52%),3b dicarbonate 10 (90%),3a,f,k and diacetate 1110 (90%) for evaluation of the palladium-catalyzed coupling with 2-amino-6-chloropurine (12) and 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)purine (13). Reaction of diacetate 11 with 2-amino6-chloropurine (12) in the presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and sodium hydride gave an 86:14 mixture of the carbocyclic nucleoside 14a10 and the corresponding N7 coupling product 15a (65% yield of 14a after chromatography) (Scheme 3).12 The problem of N9N7 regioselectivity is a common problem in classic Vorbruggen coupling of purines with sugars,13 but has * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: (919) 9665177. FAX: (919) 962-2388. E-mail: email@example.com. (1) For recent reviews on the synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides, see: (a) Agrofoglio, L.; Suhas, E.; Farese, A.; Condom, R.; Challand, S. R.; Earl, R. A.; Guedj, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 10611-10670. (b) Borthwick, A. D.; Biggadike, K. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 571-623. Huryn, D. M.; Okabe, M. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 1745-1768. (2) Vince, R.; Hua, M. J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 17. (3) For some recent carbovir syntheses, see: (a) Berranger, T.; Langlois, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 5523-5526. (b) Hildebrand, S.; Troxler, T.; Scheffold, R. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 1236-1240. (c) Legraverend, M.; Aubertin, A. M.; Obert, G.; Huel, C.; Bisagni, E. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1994, 13, 915-923. (d) Diaz, M.; Ibarzo, J.; Jimenez, J. M.; Ortuno, R. M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 129140. (e) Jung, M. E.; Rhee, H. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4719-4720. (f) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.; Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071-1074. (g) Asami, M.; Takahashi, J.; Inoue, S. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 1649-1652. (h) MacKeith, R. A.; McCague, R.; Olivo, H. F.; Palmer, C. F.; Roberts, S. M. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 313-314. (i) Jung, M. E.; Rhee, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4449-4452. (j) Evans, C. T.; Robert, S. M.; Shoberu, K. A.; Sutherland, A. G., J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1992, 589-592. (k) Trost, B. M.; Li, L.; Guile, S. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 87458747. (l) Peel, M. R.; Sternbach, D. D.; Johnson, M. R. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4990-4993. (m) Hodgson, D. M.; Witherington, J.; Moloney, B. A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 3373-3378. (4) Daluge, S. M. U.S. Patent 5,034,394, 1991. (5) (a) Saag, M. Abstracts from The Third Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 1996, abstract 195. (b) Torres, G.GMHC Treatment Issues Feb 1996, 10, 8. (6) Trost, B. M.; Kuo, G.-H.; Benneche, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 621-622. (7) Trost, B. M.; Verhoeven, T. R. Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry; Wilkinson, G., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1982; Vol. 8, p 799. (8) (a) Evans, D. A.; Bartroli, J.; Shih, T. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 2127-2129. (b) Evans, D. A.; Rieger, D. L.; Bilodeau, M. T.; Urpi, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1047-1049. (c) Yan, T.-Y.; Tan, C.W.; Lee, H.-C.; Lo, H.-C.; Huang, T.-Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 2613-2621. (d) Ahn, K. H.; Lee, S.; Lim, A. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 5065-5066. (e) Bonner, M. P.; Thornton, E. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1299-1308. (f) Oppolzer, W.; Lienard, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4321-4324. (9) Schwab, P.; Grubbs, R. H.; Ziller, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 100-110. Grubbs, R. H.; Miller, S. J.; Fu, G. C. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 446-452. (10) All new compounds gave satisfactory combustion analyses and consistent 1H, 13C, and IR spectra. Yields are for isolated, chromatographically purified material. Yields are not fully optimized. (11) Evans, D. A.; Ng, H. P.; Rieger, D. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11446-11459. (12) (a) Gundersen, L.-L.; Benneche, T.; Rise, F.; Gogoll, A.; Undheim, K. Acta Chem. Scand. 1992, 46, 761-771. (b) Gosh, A.; Ritter, A. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5808-5813. (13) (a) Vorbruggen, H.; Krolikiewicz, K.; Bennua, B. Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 1234-1255. (b) Vorbruggen, H.; Hofle, G.. Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 1256-1268. Scheme 1 4192 J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4192-4193


Epidemiologic, quantitative, descriptive, transversal study. Carried out on nighttime public school, female students to assess their knowledge level regarding the Papanicolaou exam. Out of the 1035 women who were queried, 476 were over 18 and signed a release form to be part of the study. The questionnaire consisted of objective questions capable of identifying the women's a awareness regarding the exam, as well as the social epidemiologic profile of the target group. A health educational activity simulated the exam to inform the women. After the simulation, the questionnaire was repeated and it has been concluded that while 51,3% of all the women answered all questions correctly on the first instance, 75,63% of then got it right on the second time. The activity helped the women understand, to an extent, the importance of this particular exam, but this understand do not is linear.


This paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the productivity effects of China received antidumping (AD) measures on Chinese industries from both theoretical and empirical aspects. Theoretical analysis reveals that import country's AD tax improves export firms' technological efficiency but hurts scale efficiency. Technological progress and TFP also will be improved in regular conditions. Empirical results show that China's industrial TFP improved under the pressure of AD from developed countries, increased on average 6.1% after one year; the mechanism is via inspiring both technological efficiency (improved 5.1%) and technological progress (improved 6.4%). Additionally, pure technological efficiency has been significantly improved in AD year but decreased one year later, profit per capital has been hurt in AD measure year but benefited one year later, and total profit has been significantly hurt. Developing countries' AD measures nearly have no significant productivity effects on Chinese targeted industries, only have some positive effects on technological efficiency and negative impacts on pure technological efficiency. We have included some cases to demonstrate the impact mechanism of the empirical results.


Understanding the qualities that are most important for employees' career success has been fundamental in advancing career literature. Researchers, employers, and employees have shown an increased interest in the dynamics and factors involved in the relationship between career commitment and subjective career success. This study examined career commitment and subjective career success among South African veterinary professionals (N  =  331), whilst exploring the possible moderating role of career resilience and self-efficacy. Empirical results showed significant positive relationships between career commitment, career resilience, self-efficacy, and subjective career success. Furthermore, results indicated that self-efficacy moderated the relationship between career commitment and subjective career success, although no evidence for the moderating role of career resilience in this regard, was found. These findings carry implications for organisations and training institutions on the qualities most important for the career success of veterinary professionals. Implementing career commitment initiatives and considering self-efficacy in the training of veterinary professionals are recommended.


The present invention relates to a method of operating a mobile EXH network that supports continuous handover when a mobile communication terminal moves between MXN hubs of a mobile EXH network (MXN). A method of operating a mobile EXH network according to the present invention is a method of operating a mobile EXH network in which a plurality of beams are divided into a plurality of beams arranged in a matrix by a millimeter wave beam emitted from a plurality of antenna elements, Or more MXN hubs, one or more MXN terminals that are wirelessly matched to each MXN hub, and an mXCU that controls the mobility of the MXN terminals to the MXN hub. The mXCU is connected to each beam at each MXN hub (A) constructing a P-cell and an S-cell allocation table; (B) instructing the mXCU to assign a P-cell to the MXN terminal when the MXN terminal is moving from the border of the existing MXN hub towards the neighboring MXN hub, and (b) instructing the neighboring MXN hub And (c) when the mXCU has completely moved, instructing the existing MXN hub to disconnect the MXN terminal.


To surmount the scalability limitations of the nano-electronics industry, the invention of resistance random access memory (RRAM) has drawn considerable attention in recent years for being a new-er...


Quentin Skinner has been a key figure in intellectual history and political theory debates for a half century. Skinner both made provocative moves to debates and become himself a target of fierce polemics: his name is difficult to ignore in contemporary controversies, intellectual history, and political theory.

Keywords:

liberty;
political theory;
political thought;
rhetoric


Background. We developed a Protocol based on the results of a previous study of risk factors for infection of a postoperative wound: do not use monopolar coagulation on the skin and subcutaneous fat; remove hemostatic material from the wound; relax the established wound expander every 65 minutes; refuse to suture the muscles in the area of laminectomy, refuse to use an intradermal suture.The study objective is a verification of the received Protocol.Materials and methods. A comprehensive retrospective cohort study evaluated the results of surgical treatment of 575 spinal patients who were under the authors' supervision in 2014–2016. Patients were divided into groups: operated in the period from 2014 to 2016 (control group), operated in 2017, in the treatment of which the Protocol for reducing complications was applied (main group).Results. It was found that after the introduction of the Protocol, the percentage of patients with postoperative wound infection decreased from 6.0 to 1.3 %.Conclusion. The resulting Protocol is an effective tool for reducing wound infection and can be recommended for prevention of the postoperative wound infection in patients with spinal with diseases and injuries.


The field study was conducted at Talimu Agricultural Reclamation University in Xinjiang on application of nitrogen fertilizer on the seed yield and quality of tall fescue during 2000 to 2001. The results indicated that the standard germination and accelerated aging germination of tall fescue could be significantly raised by the application of nitrogen fertilizer. But the effect of application of nitrogen fertilizer on sugar content in seed leachates of tall fescue was unstable. The seed vigour and quality was risen with the acid phosphesterase activity and dehydrogenase activity of tall feacue was growing.


Introduction: A well-implemented family planning program can prevent maternal death through the use of contraception. The use of long-term contraceptives such as IUDs and implants is considered much more effective in reducing birth rates, but their use is still very low. The purpose of this community service is expected to be able to open insight and foster interest in fertile age couples (PUS) in making decisions to join in the use of long-term contraceptives, especially IUDs and implants. The method used is counseling to WUS and PUS who are domiciled in Loru Village, Sigi Biromaru District about IUDs and implants. The number of EFA targets in counseling was 28 people, which was then carried out on a family planning safari for counseling participants who decided to use an IUD or implant contraceptive device. The result of this community service activity is a change in attitude in choosing contraceptives after counseling, marked by 6 people deciding to use long-term IUD contraception and 9 other people deciding to use implant contraceptives. The need for contraceptive counseling that involves husbands and families, so that there are no obstacles in decision making by mothers.


Abstract A digital microfluidic device fabricated with a thin and pliable polyester film is reported with control by a custom-made battery-powered high voltage amplification circuit. Droplet movement on the tilt or curved surface was achieved. A low-cost approach for the fabrication of digital microfluidic device was used: the electrodes on the digital microfluidic device were fabricated with conductive carbon ink screen-printed on a polyester substrate, a layer of thin polyethylene film was used to seal and insulate the electrodes, and a layer of water repellent was coated on the surface of polyethylene film to enhance the hydrophobicity. The device is transparent and pliable, with a total thickness of approximately 70 μm. The controlled droplet movement on the curved polymer surface based on electrowetting was achieved with the compact voltage amplification circuit and the corresponding control algorithm. The fabrication for the proposed digital microfluidic device is low-cost and without sophisticated microfabrication instrumentation. Furthermore, the system is portable and may have widespread point-of-care in biological and medical applications.


: The earth ' s forms are primarily due to hypogene or endogenous processes. Geomorphology is the science and study of landforms on earth and the geomorphic units are classified on the basis of differential erosional process. The different climatic environments produce different suites of landforms. In the present study, various geomorphic units such as denudational hills, residual hills, pediments, structural hills and alluvial plains have been studied.Findings show that the dominating landforms of the city greatly have an impact on the climate of the city.


During the period of SARS outbreaks, the management prediction information systems on base of GIS have an important role. But a lot of defects are exposed, for example: the data couldn't be shared, the inter-operation of system is poor and data couldn't communicate rapidly. After analyzing the SARS management prediction information systems, the authors provide to establish the uniform public health preparedness respond emergency information system platform. They define the basic aims, system functions, whole framework and technology structure.


Objective\ To investigate the clinical application and nursing of percutaneous dilation trachea cannula(PDT). Methods 128 cases were randomly separated to PDT group(n=65) and tracheotomy group(n=63). We observed the operated time, incision length, wound healing time, and complications. Results The operated time(11.5±4.2)min, incision length(1.8±0.2)min, wound healing time(3.5± 0.4 )d were much shorter in PDT group than those(22.3±5.2)min, (3.8±0.5)cm, (6.8±1.0)d in tracheotomy group(P0.000 1). In PDT group, there were 2 cases subcutaneous emphysema and 1 case bleeding. In tracheotomy group, there were 6 cases bleeding and 1 case infection. There were not significant differences between two group(χ 2值=1.081,P0.05). Conclusion PDT was valuable of clinical application, because it was light wounded and simple operation course.


were fundamentally different from those evoked by a real sound, we proposed that tinnitus originates in the brain. To identify potential drugs to treat tinnitus, we developed rat behavioral models of tinnitus. Like humans, rats exposed to high intensity noise developed tinnitus; in some cases, the tinnitus was transient while in others it was persistent. Humans develop tinnitus after taking high doses of aspirin (salicylate). Rats treated with high doses of salicylate reliably developed behavioral evidence of tinnitus. Memantine and scopolamine have been proposed as treatments for tinnitus, but neither drug suppressed salicylate-induced tinnitus. However, tinnitus was completely suppressed by a potassium channel modulator. We evaluated the neural correlates of salicylate-induced tinnitus along the auditory pathway. High doses of salicylate suppressed otoacoustic emissions and the compound action potential from the auditory nerve. Despite the fact that salicylate suppressed the neural output from the cochlea, it caused a large increase in the sound-evoked activity in the auditory cortex. That is, the auditory cortex became hyperactive after salicylate-induced hearing loss, a possible neural correlate of hyperacusis or sound intolerance; however, salicylate caused a significant decrease in spontaneous activity. These results suggest that the central auditory system becomes hyperactive following cochlear damage. This hyperactivity may be due to a loss of centrally mediated inhibition.


Diagnosing mental disorders involve several processes. However, it is common practice to judge if one is suffering from mental disorder by first looking for signs and symptoms in a person's social behavior. We call the symptoms "social symptoms" of mental disorder. Psychiatry tends to trace social symptoms back to the etiological factors of a mental disorder, but there is an inevitable paradox in this method. Similarly, while narrative therapy and social constructionism tend to claim that social symptoms are themselves the cause of mental disorders, that too leads inevitably to a second paradox. Realism, on which these methods are based, is the cause of such paradoxes.This paper explores the "Internal Observation Theory" -a theory that is independent of realism proposed by the biologist Yukio-Pegio Gunji in the study of mental disorders. The "Internal Observation Model", or "Ontological Observation Model", claims that the observer and the subject are inseparable since the subject is not free of influence from the observer. In this model, a turning point exists where universal observations (universal language games) are inferred from specific observations (specific language games). According to the theory, social symptoms can be taken as signs of mental disorder only within the workings of specific language games. In contrast, "realist theories" confuse specific language games with universal language games while trying to explain the cause of the symptoms. This paper aims to present a "Pegiotic deconstruction" of such a mistake and to propose internal observation as a means to avoid similar mistakes in the study of mental disorders.


Technological progress is making changes in all areas of our life, including interaction between people. Information is available thanks to various means, which make it possible to express an opinion in the so-called distant dialogue. In this sense, the discourse of the print media is not an exception, its participants come into contact and exchange opinions with a delay in time. The specifics of such a dialogue requires careful analysis in order to clarify the mechanisms of this kind of interaction, as well as the language means of contact in the press. Contact mechanisms and its language features are not studied well enough as readers have been able to send their responses to this or that article only recently. The developed methodology was tested on the material from the British newspaper "The Guardian". As a result, the authors have identified the external and internal dialogical structure in the discourse of the print media, as well as a set of language means of distant contact in the discourse. Moreover, understanding the distant dialogue nature helps to manage successful communication and can be used at practical classes in linguistics to develop students' skills in article and response writing and modeling dialogue situations.


Interfacial structure design is an efficient approach to explore efficient heterogeneous catalysts for energy storage and conversion. Herein, a triphasic nanocomposite with the encapsulated Ag–CoFe heterointerface in the graphitic carbon shell is developed via an electronic modulation strategy. The combination of Ag, the CoFe alloy and the carbon layer not only improves charge transfer, but also generates a synergistic effect and more active sites at the interface, significantly boosting the electrocatalytic activity. The obtained catalyst Ag–CoFe@NC-700 exhibits superior trifunctional catalytic activity for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions (ORR/OER/HER). Interestingly, it reveals remarkable catalytic activity for oxygen electrocatalysis with a low overpotential (0.72 V), and displays good catalytic performance for the HER under alkaline conditions. This work emphasizes the synergy among the components of heterointerfaces and provides a promising strategy to develop advance trifunctional electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries and water splitting.


Hyperlipidaemia is a usual and life threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Consequently, a good anti-diabetic agent should reduce the progression of this complication. In view of this, the anti-hyperlipidaemic and anti-atherogenic activities of aqueous extract of Lasianthera africana was studied in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Extract treatment was administered at a dose of 1ml of 180 mg/ml of extract per kg body weight once daily for three weeks (21 days). Blood samples were collected thereafter by cardiac puncture for the analysis of lipid profile after the rats were exposed to chloroform vapour for 5 min. Results show that extract treatment caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in all lipid parameters analyzed when compared to the diabetic control. The reduction in total cholesterol was more for low density lipoprotein (LDL) (90%) than high density lipoprotein (HDL) (69%) by extract treatment when compared to the diabetic control by 94 and 75 percent respectively. The extract also caused significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cardiac risk ratio (CRR), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the atherogenic coefficient respectively. The result therefore shows that the aqueous extract of L. africana possess anti-hyperlipidaemic and anti-atherosclerotic activities, a justification for its use by ethno-botanist in the treatment of diabetic complications.

 Key words: Anti-hyperlipidaemia, anti-atherosclerotic, atherogenic coefficient, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic index of plasma, Lasianthera africana.


Abstract Reaction of LiB5H8 with Si2H5Cl in Et2O at −45°C yields μ-Si2H5B5H8 (10), which in Et2O at 25°C isomerizes to 2-Si2H5B5H8 (11). At 120°C in the gas phase, 11 undergoes conversion to an 11/1-Si2H5B5H8 (12) mixture. The three disilanylpentaborane(9) isomers have been separated by high-vacuum fractional distillation. Reaction of 1- SiH3B5H8 with BCI3 yields 1-(ClSiH2)B5H8 (9). The new silylpentaboranes have been characterized by spectral data. Thermal equilibration of the μ-, 2- and 1-isomers of SiH3B5H8, (ClSiH2)B5H8 and Si2H5B5H8 in a static reactor at 120°C and in a flow reactor at 350°C and 425°C results in 1- and 2-isomer mixtures. The 1-isomer for all compounds studied is favored at all temperatures. The measured equilibrium constants (K) range from; 8.8 ± 0.4 (SiH3B5H8) and 7.3 ± 0.4 (Si2H5B5H8) at 120°C to 1.6 ± 0.4 (SiH3B5H8), 1.3 ± 0.2 (Si2H5B5H8) and 2.2 ± 0.6 [(ClSiH2)B5H8] at 425°C. These are discussed in terms of substituent conjugative effects.


An energy dependence of the axial minimum channeling yield in GexSi1-x/Si(100) Strained-layer superlattice is observed in the energy range of impinging He+ ions from 1.2 to 3.0 MeV. For [100] axial channeling, the measurements are in agreement with what have been known in a single crystal. However, for [110] axial channeling, it is found that the minimum channeling yields increase markedly with the increase of He+ ion energy, which is contrary to the general channeling behaviors in a single crystal. A tentative model is suggested to explain this aberrance.


This paper describes the structure of fast matrix inversion on FPGA. The structure is derived from the systolic array algorithm and revised to the uni-dimensional array to lower the resources consumption for practical use. Input matrix, with single precision floating point elements, is inverted in 5n2+4n-3 time ticks. Both mantissa and exponent processing units are proposed to be easily implemented on FPGA. Comparison of the structure with inversion using MicroBlaze soft CPU is presented.


Anterior pelvic exenteration with urinary diversion (UD) and extended lymphadenectomy is the standard procedure for invasive tumors of the bladder in women (1), resulting in 52% of female sexual dysfunction after the procedure (2). Less radical techniques with pelvic organ preservation are viable alternatives in selected cases such as sexually active women with early-stage neoplasms (3). Although still with preliminary data, these techniques seem to respect the foundations of the TRIFECTA principle (2). The objective of this video is demonstrate a laparoscopic surgical technique used by our team for the vaginal and sphincter complex preservation during radical cystectomy (RC) with UD.


With the rapidly changing technological realm, modern healthcare management systems need to change to accommodate these new advances. There is an urgent need to provide and protect the confidentiality of health care records when stored in common databases and transmitted over public insecure channel. This paper outlines DNA sequence based cryptography which is easy to implement and is robust against any type of crypt attack as there is insignificant correlation between the original record and the encrypted image.


Adsorption of the organophosphorus pesticides, malathion and dimethoate on clays (viz. montmorillonite and kaolinite) saturated with cations, from aqueous solution was studied. The extent of adsorption was more on montmorillonite saturated with Fe 3 + and Ca 2 + than the montmorillonite saturated with Na+ and kaolinite saturated with the same cations for both the pesticides. The adsorption isotherms are fit into Freundlich adsorption equation. Pesticides have become synonymous with modem agriculture. The use of pesticides increased agricultural . production and also helped in control of insect-borne disease of humanbeings. But the extensive use of pesticides led to a variety of undesirable environmental effects. The effects include excessive mortality and reduced reproduction potential in organisms, changes in the abundance of species and the diversity of ecosystem, a reduction in the production potential of natural resource. Soil is contaminated by pesticides through various sources i.e., direct application on soil, fall out from foliar applications and waste disposal. Then subsequently these toxic pesticides leaches into sub-surface of soil resulting in possible contamination of ground water. Hence it has great importance to investigate the fate of such pesticides in soils so that they can be used with utmost care and least adverse effects to the environment. In this context it created interest to study the adsorption behaviour of pesticides on clays because these clays play major role in soil properties. Organophosphates are the most commonly used insecticides. Though these decomposes more rapidly than organochlorides, some of them have toxic strength which is 300 times higher'. There are several · studies on herbicide adsorption by clays 2 · 9 but relatively few studies are reported on adsorption of organophosphates on clays 10 • 11 • In view of this the


Monkey erythrocytes infected with schizonts of Plasmodium knowlesi are agglutinated when mixed with serum taken from chronically infected monkeys (Eaton, 1938). This reaction has proved highly specific and capable of distinguishing antigenic variants of one strain. Chronic infections of P. knowlesi in rhesus monkeys are maintained by a succession of antigenically distinct populations, each population stimulating a specific agglutinin response. Additional agglutinins which are not variant specific are found at low titre in sera taken after an infection has persisted for a month or more. The possible relevance of these observations to protective immunity is discussed.


The article discusses the features of the functioning of the Islamic economy, which has specific tools for functioning on the basis of the Holy Scriptures. After centuries, these mechanisms have been effectively used by the banking sector, meeting the needs of the development of the world economy. An attempt is made to compare modern banking terminology with traditional concepts of Islamic banking. Historical examples of the use of Islamic instruments of financial and economic activity are given, as well as objective facts and figures that indicate the huge volumes of assets regulated by elements of Islamic banking in Islamic and Western countries. The special role of the so-called Islamic windows in numerous Western banks is noted.


The 2005 annual crosstie report indicates that despite lagging supply, the demand for crossties remains high. With traffic on Class I and shortline railroads continuing to grow, railroads' maintenance needs have increased. Wood continues to be the preferred choice for crossties, and experts attribute its success to a number of factors. These include ongoing research examining new ways for wood to resist decay in wet climates, increased quality control practices at treatment plants, and increased education on tie grading and species application. The article then gives an overview of the different manufacturers producing wood, concrete, steel, and composite ties. It discusses the advances of the different materials, new production methods, as well as advances in preservation techniques.


Objective To investigate the effect of drynaria total flavonoids on serum concentration of Cathepsin K and its expression in left tibial metaphysis in ovariectomized rats,and investigate the mechamism of of osteoporosis prevention by total flavonoids.Methods 3 month old female SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups;high-dose total flavonoids group[treatment group 1,12 rats were ovariectomized,dose 0.216 g/(kg ? d)];middle-dose total flavonoids group[treatment group 2,12 rats were ovariectomized,dose 0.108 g/(kg ? d)];low-dose total flavonoids group[treatment group 3,12 rats were ovariectomized,dose 0.054 g/(kg ? d)];estrogen group(12 rats were ovariectomized, conjugated estrogen tablets dose 0.1 mg/kg);sham operation group(12 rats,only remove a small amount of abdominal fat and tissue,with 5 mL distilled water);normal group(12 rats,no further treatment but with 5 mL distilled water).Model was successfully estoblished after ovariectomized and each group was gevaged.4 rats of each group were sacificed at 0,3,6 months after model establishment.Blood sanples were collected under sterile conditions.Cathepsin K concentrations were measured.Cathepsin K mRNA expression levels in left tibial metaphysic bone tissue were determinded by fluorescence quantitative PCR.SPSS13.0 software was employed for statistical analysis.Results There are statistical significance between serum Cathepsin K concentrations in the treatment groups,estrogen group and normal group(P0.05 ).There are statistical significance between Cathepsin K mRNA levels in left tibial metaphysic bone tissue in the treatment groups and the estrogen group(P0.05 ).There are also statistical significance of Cathepsin K mRNA levels among the treatment groups,the sham operation group and normal group(P0.01).Conclusion Drynaria total flavonoids can inhibit the serum Cathepsin K in ovariectomized rats,reduce Cathepsin K mRNA gene expression in left tibial metaphysic.These may be part of mechanisms of its effectiveness in treatment of osteoporosis.


Abstract The behaviour of horizontally curved bridge girders with a tubular top flange and a flat plate bottom flange (i.e., a TFG1) was investigated experimentally and analytically. The investigation focused on the behaviour of a curved TFG1 bridge under loading conditions simulating construction of the concrete deck. The objectives include (1) to generate experimental data for the response of a curved TFG1 bridge system under vertical loading up to and beyond the load capacity; (2) to assess the adequacy of finite element (FE) models to predict this response by comparing experimental data and FE analysis results and (3) to use the experimental data and FE results to validate criteria used to design a curved TFG1 bridge. The experimental data demonstrate that the curved TFG1 bridge system satisfies the design criteria, and has a significant safety margin for the anticipated loads. The comparisons between the experimental data and the FE results show that the FE models have sufficient accuracy to predict the detailed response of curved TFG1 bridge systems. Abbreviation ListIG I-girderTFG I-shaped girder with tubular flangesTFG2 I-shaped girder with a tubular top flange and a tubular bottom flangeTFG1 I-shaped girder with a tubular top flange and a flat plate bottom flangeFE finite elementFTFG1 a full-size, curved TFG1 bridge with two TFG1 girders


The aims of this study were to: (1) develop HOTS-based SBM teaching materials to improve students' 4C skills in learning at PGSD FIP Unimed. (2). validate product eligibility; (3) validating product practicality, and (4.) validating product effectiveness. This research method is the Research & Development method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Data collection techniques were obtained from questionnaires, observation sheets and tests. The data analysis used descriptive techniques and continued with the inferential statistical test through the t test. Statistically, it was concluded that there was a significant difference in students' 4C skills in conducting PLP II at SD Mitra which pointed to an increase before and after the product was used in class F student learning at PGSD FIP with a 95% confidence level. Therefore the HOTS-based MBS teaching material module that was developed is very feasible, very practical and very effective to use to improve the 4C skills of PGSD FIP Unimed students in carrying out PLP II activities in elementary school through learning at PGSD.


Endoglin (ENG) has been identified as a candidate tumor‐suppressor gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Earlier microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) studies of chromosome 9 in ESCC narrowed down a tumor‐suppressive critical region to 9q33‐34. ENG maps to 9q34‐qter and encodes a transformation growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily auxiliary receptor. This study aims to identify the potential role for ENG in ESCC development. Significant downregulation of ENG was detected at frequencies of 87.5% in 16 ESCC cell lines, 39.1% directly in 23 ESCC tumor specimens from Hong Kong, and 33.4% in 18 ESCC tumor specimens from the high‐risk ESCC region of Henan, China. By methylation‐specific PCR, methylated sequences were detected in an ESCC cell line panel and in clinical specimens. Following demethylation treatment in 9 ESCC cell lines, ENG expression was obviously restored. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a 4.7 Mb region on 9q32‐q34, where ENG maps, was observed directly in ESCC tumor tissues. Both epigenetic methylation and allelic loss appear to contribute to ENG downregulation in tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo functional studies such as colony formation, Matrigel culture, invasion and tumorigenicity assays were performed. Colony formation efficiency was significantly reduced by overexpression of ENG. In addition, significantly smaller colonies of ENG stable transfectants were formed in Matrigel culture. Significant suppression of invasion efficiency and tumorigenicity were also observed, when comparing the ENG stable transfectants with the vector‐alone transfectants. This study provides evidence supporting ENG, as a cell invasion and tumor‐suppressing gene in ESCC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


When defects are detected by in-service inspections of the nuclear power plants in Japan, allowable flaws are evaluated according to the Rules on Fitness-for-Service for Nuclear Power Plants of Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME maintenance rules). The fatigue crack growth analysis is an important part of the flaw acceptance evaluation. However FCGR curves for nickel base alloys in air are not provided in the current JSME maintenance rules.This paper describes the evaluation of the fatigue tests in air of nickel base alloys and formulation of the FCGR curves for the JSME rules on Fitness-for-Service. From the test results, the temperature and stress ratio are not dominant factors. However, as based on the form of the FCGR curve of NUREG/CR-6721, the proposed curves are shown to be functions of these parameters. Threshold of stress intensity factor is introduced in the curves by taking into account crack closure.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


The invention relates to a environment- friendly water- borne paint. The comprised components and their weight proportion are as follows: mica pigment 40 -50%, water 7- 30%, synthetic resin 25- 60%, emulsifying agent 0.05- 0.1%, wetting agent 0.05- 0.1%, defoaming agent 0.1- 0.2%, pH modifying agent 0.05- 0.1%, film adjuvant 1- 2%, thickening agent 0.5- 1%, dispersing agent 0.1- 0.2%, conservative 0.05- 0.2%. It is characterized by strong properties of wearing resistance, covering power, antiweatherability, age resistance, thermal insulating and heat insulating property, non toxic, non smell and no pollution.


PANAMA was discovered in part by Rodrigo de Bastidas in 1501 and in part by Christopher Columbus in 1502-1503. Their voyages, conjoined with the other Spanish explorations of northern South America between 1499 and 1501 and with the Portuguese-sponsored voyage of Amerigo Vespucci in 1502-1503, showed that no westward passage to the Orient existed from 16?N to as far south probably as 32?S. The knowledge of a landmass of continental proportions to the west of Europe dramatically shifted western European attention from the Orient to the newly found lands and fostered the idea of colonizing them. In spite of the important consequences of those changes, the record for many voyages is still confused and contradictory. The discovery of the Isthmus of Panama is in this category. The principal disagreement focuses on the documentary evidence to support the assertion that Bastidas reached Puerto Retrete, a site on the isthmus named by Columbus. The preponderant information on this controversy indicates that Bastidas did not reach Retrete but rather left the mainland from the western side of the Gulf of Uraba. If Bastidas did not reach Retrete, his voyage and that of Columbus did not conjoin, a circumstance that would preclude the possibility of certain knowledge by the explorers and persons in western Europe that the western Caribbean was a closed sea. It would make questionable many statements by participants and their contemporaries about these discoveries. For almost five centuries the contradictions have


Abstract How does one make a narrative of the technique that is not limited to a narrative about the technique? This is the whole point of Véronique Taquin's trilogy. Fiction is first and foremost a fabrication (from Latin fingere). As such it gains a form of reality that nothing can deny, well-illustrated by the literary device of Veronique Taquin's first novel: Vous pouvez mentir. This article seeks to highlight the overall fictional device used of a fiction within a fiction that employs, and is affected by, mass media technology. But a narrative of narratives is nothing more than a new narrative. It has no other effect than to vary the intents and the voices.


A rigorous modal theory describing the diffraction properties of a finitely conducting lamellar grating is presented. The method used is the generalization to lossy structures of an earlier formalism for the dielectric lamellar grating. Sample results of the method are given, demonstrating its accuracy and its ability to deal with problems intractable by the widely used integral-equation formalisms of diffraction grating theory.


The recommendations about calculation offered in this article extend on the ferroconcrete two-conical piles immersed by cave-in for the bases of buildings and constructions which design is developed by "Highways and Bridges" chair of the Perm national research polytechnical university. Two-conical piles are characterized by the increased resilience to action of forces of a frost heaving in comparison with traditionally applied prismatic piles at the expense of the return orientation of the top cone. The description of a method of calculation of the base in the form of a bush from two-conical piles is provided in frosty water-saturated clay soil from the point of view of its stability against action of forces of a frosty heaving. The comparative analysis of the obtained settlement data with experimental is carried out. The technique of determination of size of a frosty heaving of two-conical piles as a part of base bushes is developed and in number realized by forces of a frosty heaving when modeling soil as linearly deformable space. The calculation method which basis the condition of equality of the works made by forces of a frosty heaving, and forces interfering a frosty heaving of not loaded pile bases from two-conical piles is is offered. The method allows to project with an accuracy sufficient for practical purposes the bases in water-saturated clay soil.


Two important treatments for the damping of flexural waves in plates are the free viscoelastic layer [H. Oberst, Acustica 2, Suppl. 4 (1952)] and the constrained viscoelastic layer, sometimes called "damping tape" [E. M. Kerwin, Jr., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 31, 952 (1959)]. In this paper we compare these two treatments in order to determine which is more useful in a given situation. For good, contemporary damping materials at lower treatment weights, and therefore lower values of damping, the constrained layer is the more effective. The free layer becomes more effective than the constrained layer for higher treatment weights. At a given fraction of the plate weight, the performance of a given free layer depends on the plate material (e.g., steel vs aluminum). On the other hand, if the constraining layer has the same modulus‐to‐density ratio as the plate material, the maximum effectiveness of a constrained layer at a given fraction of the plate weight is practically independent of the plate material. (This wor...


The aim of this research is to comprehend the relation between the student mobility procedures and the identity building of the students of Universidad Católica de Temuco. The methodology delivered in this research was a qualitative methodology following the grounded theory guidelines, considering the international outgoing mobility students. The results pointed out mobility procedures as a landmark that allows the self-knowledge and the construction of an ideal self. This confers the contribution of student mobility in academic and professional aspects as well as the construction of self of the student.


The article focuses on the impact of social developments related to 'globalisation' on education. In line with the world systems approach as most prominently expounded by Immanuel Wallerstein the author conceptualises globalisation not as a new development, but as the current expression of a long historical process originating in sixteenth century Europe. In order to make use of world systems theory for education, the author makes a strong argument in favour of taking Bourdieu's concepts of cultural capital and the relative autonomy of the educational system into account. On this basis, the author reviews a secondary analysis based on numerous studies of national education systems with respect to the various degrees of convergence, divergence and variation. It is argued with reference to the neo-institutionalist approach of the Stanford group that convergence and standardisation in education are not questions of affirmation or rejection as much as historical processes that by no means imply a deterministic implementation of an economic rationale.


The adaptation of the Saturn-Uranus Atmospheric Entry Probe (SUAEP) to a Jupiter entry probe is summarized. This report is extracted from a comprehensive study of Jovian missions, atmospheric model definitions and probe subsystem alternatives.


To investigate the factors affecting splashing in Peirce-Smith copper converters of Sarcheshmeh copper complex, South-East Iran, a laboratory scale model with dimensions one eighth of the actual converter was designed and assembled. The model was filled with water. Air was impinged onto the water. The sequence of events was subsequently recorded using high speed cameras. Factors affecting splashing such as blowing angle, volumetric flow rate of air, and the distance of the blowers from water surface were studied.Using a value of 2.65×10-11 for Morton dimensionless number, it was found that splashing may be reduced by 75% if the air speed in the tuyeres is reduced from 155 m/s to 30 m/s while the nozzle distance from the melt free surface is between 2 to 0.5 meters.


This paper analyzes the frangibility of Internet itself, expounds the disordering of the network competition environment, and discusses the spreading of the malicious software and some countermeasures for checking the malicious software.


The nature of English citizenship, the need for cohesion in society, and the place of faith community schools, particularly Muslim schools, are issues of import in contemporary English society. When these three issues come together, in an examination of the nature of an English Islam, they raise questions that have implications for the nature of contemporary English society and the role of English state education and citizenship education within this educational system. An institutionalised and systematised curriculum subject called citizenship education risks isolating an academic subject from the day‐to‐day experience of young people. If citizenship is not a lived experience in the school, on the street and at home, then the attendant spiritual and moral development cannot flourish. This paper explores some of the philosophical and theological foundations that inform a discourse on the nature of English citizenship, English Islam and their influence on children's spiritual and moral development.


The room temperature adsorption isotherm of n‐heptane on an AT‐cut quartz crystal has been measured in the region of very high coverages (six to 15 monolayers). The isotherm in this region may be represented by the equation lnP=C+Δψ/kTd3, where Δψ/d3, is interpreted as the difference between the potential energy of a heptane molecule at a distance d from a quartz surface and that of a heptane molecule at the same distance from a liquid heptane surface. A value of Δψ/kT of 725 A3 is obtained.


Asymmetric ferroelectricity and conduction of anomalous leakage current were observed in heteroepitaxial BaTiO3 thin films grown by rf magnetron sputtering at 600° C on three different electrode/substrate combinations: SrRuO3/SrTiO3, Pt/MgO and Nb doped SrTiO3. The voltage shift of hysteresis loops of the capacitance was a linear function of the thickness of the BaTiO3 films and became as large as 10 V in the film with a thickness of 410 nm. The asymmetry did not disappear even after a heat treatment carried out at 800° C in air. On the other hand, a steep increase in the leakage current was observed in the heteroepitaxial films when a positive voltage was applied. The origin of both the asymmetric hysteresis and the anomalous conduction is discussed in terms of asymmetric crystal structure caused by misfit dislocations introduced in heteroepitaxial growth.