The case of Rex v. Almon 1 was a minor incident in the epic struggle between the courts and the press which occupied the middle of the i8th century, and Sir John Fox's studies of its history happily coincide with the bicentenary of Wilkes' birth.2 His criticisms are already well known: the case was duly argued before Wilmot, J., and his fellows, the court was about to give judgment when it was found that the rule had been erroneously entitled Rex v. Wilkes instead of Rex v. Almon, and in consequence the proceedings were dropped. That was in i765. In i802 the papers of the late judge were published by his son, and among them is a draft of the judgment he had proposed to give if the case had got that far. It is this document which had the singular fate of becoming a leading case on attachment for criminal contempt. Wilmot there asserted that " the issuing of attachments for contempts out of court stands upon the same immemorial usage as supports the whole fabric of the common law," and to this clear issue of historical fact Sir John Fox has directed his studies. Although the draft-judgment was not published until i802, the doctrine was very soon laid before the public by Blackstone, who is known to have consulted with Wilmot on some points and may have done so here, if one may judge from verbal similarities. Hotly disputed by the pamphleteers and occasionally criticised from the bench, this procedure was finally accepted in the i9th century on the strength of Wilmot's historical arguments. The author searchingly examines the history of the various elements in the situation -contempt, attachment, and examination -in order to test this alleged antiquity. Naturally, libel on a judge or court is essentially a press offence and it is needless to seek medieval precedents; the nearest seem to be cases where parties to litigation abused process-servers, the classical device being to make them eat their writ -parchment, wax, and all.3 The author adduces abundant evidence for the proposition that the medieval courts on occasion would summarily commit strangers for contempts in the presence of the court, and officers and parties for contempts in or out of court, although there are also cases where jury trial was employed. But the most laborious search has failed to produce a case where a stranger was summarily dealt with for a contempt out of court. As for attachment, the word has been curiously twisted during its history. At first it meant only process to secure appearance in court, and might be by gage and pledge or by the body; but once the party was in court, attachment did not prejudice in any way the mode of trial. Only in modern times did the word imply that the trial would be by examination and not by jury. The history of trial by examination is therefore involved, and here Sir John Fox has matter of particular interest. Interrogatories were employed by the council from the early x4th century onwards, and by the I6th century were characteristic of the chancery and star chamber. It appears that the common law judges were often present in the council and took part in these examinations and occasionally imported this procedure into their own courts, particularly in cases where an official was charged with forgery or deceit connected with the court and its machinery. When, under the Tudors and early Stuarts, attacks were made on the court of high commission for using the oath ex officio, they retorted that they were not unique in using trial by examination, for the common law courts also used examination instead of juries in several instances. "To show that this contention had no foundation in


Assuming that a process is subject to the normal distribution when calculating the process capability index traditionally. A main flaw lies in the process capability index is very sensitive to such changes if normal hypothesis was not satisfied. In order to obtain accurate process capability index of quality characteristics under this circumstance, this paper adopts Rosenblatt transformation to compare with Box-Cox transformation and Johnson transformation with type 6110 Connecting Rod Bush radius as an example, the results show that Rosenblatt transformation proposed performs better and implement is simple.


Accumulating evidence suggests that rhythmic temporal structures in the environment influence memory formation. For example, stimuli that appear in synchrony with the beat of background, environmental rhythms are better remembered than stimuli that appear out-of-synchrony with the beat. This rhythmic modulation of memory has been linked to entrained neural oscillations which are proposed to act as a mechanism of selective attention by amplifying early sensory responses to events that coincide with the beat. The current study aimed to further test this hypothesis by using event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the locus of stimulus processing at which rhythm temporal cues operate in the service of memory formation. Participants incidentally encoded a series of visual objects while passively listening to background, instrumental music with a steady beat. Objects either appeared in-synchrony or out-of-synchrony with the background beat. Participants were then given a surprise subsequent memory test (in silence). The timing of stimulus presentation during encoding (in-synchrony or out-of-synchrony with the background beat) influenced canonical ERPs associated with post-perceptual selection and orienting attention in time. Importantly, post-perceptual ERPs also differed according to whether or not participants demonstrated a mnemonic benefit for in-synchrony compared to out-of-synchrony stimuli, and were related to the magnitude of the rhythmic modulation of memory across participants. These results support two prominent theories in the field, the Dynamic Attending Theory and the Oscillation Selection Hypothesis, which propose that neural responses to rhythm act as a core mechanism of selective attention that optimize processing at specific moments in time. Furthermore, they reveal that in addition to acting as a mechanism of early attentional selection, rhythm influences later, post-perceptual cognitive processes as events are transformed into memory.


Palladium (Pd) line patterns were formed on glass and polyimide substrates by thermal decomposition of coated palladium acetate (PdAc) film using an argon ion laser. We studied the effects of substrate material and PdAc film thickness on light absorption, Pd pattern features, and size. PdAc film less than 250nm thick had low light absorption less than 5%, making direct decomposition by laser irradiation difficult. With such thin palladium acetate film, no Pd pattern was formed on glass substrates, because the Ar laser beam was almost transparent through the glass. The polyimide substrate, 50μm thick, showed high light absorption of about 95%, indicating easy heating by laser irradiation. The Pd patterns were formed, independent of PdAc film thickness, because the film was heated by thermal conduction from the substrate. Smooth, flat Pd features were formed at laser power densities of 1.5-3.5kW/cm2 that narrowed with decreasing PdAc thickness. Pattern widths were 1-2 times the laser beam diameter.


An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas) and a radioimmunoassay was used to measure tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in sixty-two patients with acute leukemia, twenty-five of them with acute lymphocytic leukemia (the ALL group) and thirty-seven with non-lymphocytic leukemia group (the ANLL group). Results showed: ①After treatment, the sFas levels in both ALL and ANLL groups were significantly higher than that in the control group. The sFas level in CR patients decreased significantly, but sFas level was still high in PR and NR patients. ②The change of serum TNFα occurred similarly to sFas in patients with acute leukemia. It increased significantly before treatment but decreased after treatment and had no linear correlation with sFas. This study indicates that the detection of serum sFas and TNFα before treatment can help in selection of treatment and can help in therapeutic decisions.


This special session will present an historical look at all past SIGCSE conferences, beginning with 2008. If possible, the conference chair, from each conference will present a brief synopsis of his/her conference. This synopsis may include a photo of the conference site, the number of attendees, the paper acceptance ratio, any special awards and the awardees, the "theme" of the conference, any special issues relevant at that conference, and one or two "interesting" events that occurred during that conference.


Estimation method, based on the beamforming approach, for the nominal direction of arrival (DOA) of an incoherently distributed source is proposed. The proposed method is computationally more attractive than the conventional redundancy averaged covariance matching (RACM) method. The asymptotic performance of the proposed method and the RACM is compared analytically as well as numerically. By using the computer simulation, it is verified that the asymptotic performance of the proposed method is better than that of the RACM.


Nonpolar (112¯0) ZnO films were grown on LaAlO3 (001) single crystal substrates at temperature from 300 to 750 °C by pulsed laser deposition method. The films were examined using x-ray diffraction, reflection high energy electron diffraction, and photoluminescence measurements for the crystallinity. The surface morphology of ZnO films from atomic force microscopy exhibits L-shaped domains. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy with selected area diffraction reveals two types of a-plane ZnO domains perpendicular to each other with in-plane orientation relationships of [0001]ZnO∥[11¯0]LAO and [11¯00]ZnO∥[11¯0]LAO.


The effect of an insoluble surfactant on the centrifugal and shear instability of a pair of radially stratified immiscible liquids in the annular gap between concentric two-fluid Taylor–Couette flow is investigated by a normal-mode linear analysis and complementary energy analysis. The interface is assumed to be concentric with the cylinders. The gravitational effects are ignored. Influences of density and viscosity stratification, surface tension, surfactant concentration distribution and Taylor–Couette shearing are considered comprehensively. The instability characteristics due to competition and interaction between various physical instability mechanisms are of principal concern. Neutral curves with upper and lower branches in the Reynolds number (Re1)/axial wavenumber (k) plane are obtained. A window of parameters is identified in which the flow is linearly stable. The Marangoni traction force caused by the gradient of surfactant concentration stabilizes the axisymmetric perturbations but initiates an instability corresponding to non-axisymmetric modes in the presence of basic Couette shearing flow. Co-rotation of the outer cylinder has a stabilizing effect in expanding the stable region, which dwindles in the counter-rotation situation.


Towards a Poetics of Bafflement asserts that blackness baffles—confuses and frustrates—the order of knowledge that deems black subjectivities as pathological. This dissertation argues for the importance of the psychic and affective spaces that emerge in the work of contemporary black women and queer artists. A poetics of bafflement is foregrounded by racial slavery and diaspora formations that inform contemporary racial antagonisms. The visual work of Deana Lawson, Zanele Muholi, and Mickalene Thomas, if read through a poetics of bafflement, engages blackness differently and conceptualizes new possibilities for world making. Black artists have long since occupied spaces of creative and critical thinking about aesthetics, race, and the politics of vision, which inform contemporary social, historical, and cultural climates. Multiculturalism and subsequent post-race concepts are inadequate in thinking about alternative possibilities of world making as they suggest racism and anti-black sentiment are somehow no longer prevalent. Multiculturalism's claim of diversity negates the continued logics of anti-black sentiment, whereas post-racial suggests a time and place in history where race no longer informs political, economic, and socio-cultural experiences. Black cultural production continues to be at the crossroads of these debates. The complex interplay between race anxieties and the politics of


In this paper I develop diagnostics for distinguishing word-internal codeswitching from borrowing, based on Ukrainian-English bilingual discourse; a typologically different language pair. Assuming that a codeswitched noun will retain its original characteristics, and a borrowed noun will acquire language-specific properties of the recipient language, I focus on conflict sites in the morphosyntactic structure of Ukrainian (a fusional language) and English (an analytical one). Using quantitative variationist methodologies, I show that English-origin nouns with overt Ukrainian morphology occurring in otherwise Ukrainian discourse do not behave as if they were English. Instead, they replicate the patterns of behavior of monolingual Ukrainian nouns with respect to gender assignment, modifier-noun agreement, inflectional variability and flagging. I found no evidence for lone item codeswitching within a word boundary, and conclude that all English-origin utterances occurring with overt morphology of the recipient language are borrowed.


OBJECTIVE
To detect the expression of different transcripts of lactamase β(LACTB) gene in leukemic cell lines.

METHODS
NCBI website and DNAstar software were used to detect the Bioinformatics analysis of LACTB. The expression of different transcripts of LACTB gene in leukemic cell lines (THP-1, HL60, K562, U937, Jurkat and Raji) was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), DNA and clone sequencing; the expression of different transcripts of LACTB gene in leukemic cell lines was detected by Quantitative Real-time PCR.

RESULTS
There were a variety of splicing isomers in LACTB, and it could produce a variety of protein isomers with conserved N-terminal and different C-terminal, moreover, there were many splice isoforms of LACTB in leukemia cell lines, and there were different expression patterns in different cell lines, including XR1, V1, V2 and V3. The expression of total LACTB showed high in HL60 cells, while low in Raji cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The V1 was high expression in U937 cells but low in Raji cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). V2 was high expression in HL60 cells but lowly in Raji cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of V3 was low in THP-1 cells, which was significantly different as compared with that in normal bone marrow (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION
The reaserch found that there are many splice isomers of LACTB in leukemic cell lines, and there are different expression patterns in different cell lines.


This paper deals with simulation studies of the adaptive control on the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) as a typical chemical equipment with nonlinear behaviour and continuously distributed parameters. Mathematical model of this reactor is described by the set of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE). The simulation of the steady-state and dynamics results in optimal working point and external linear model (ELM) which is used in adaptive control. Adaptive approach here is based on the recursive identification of ELM and parameters of the controller are recomputed in each step too. The polynomial approach together with the poleplacement method and spectral factorization satisfies basic control requirements although the system has negative control properties. INTRODUCTION The most of the proceses in technical praxis has nonlinear behaviour and conventional control methods could lead to unoptimal or unwanted output responses. However, adaptive control (Astrom 1989) is one way how to deal with the negative control properties such as non-minimum phase behaviour, nonlinearity, time delays etc. There are several adaptive approaches. The one used in this work is based on the choice of an External Linear Model (ELM) parameters of which are recomputed recursively during the control (Bobal et al. 2005). It means that the steady-state and dynamic analyses need to be done for contructing of optimal ELM. The ELM could be chosen from the range of the continuous-time or discrete-time models. Disadvantage of the continuous-time ELM is difficult on-line recursive identification. On the other hand, external delta models (Middleton and Goodwin 2004) used here for parameter estimation belong to the range of discrete models but parameters of these models approach up to some assumptions to their continuous-time counterparts (Stericker and Sinha 1993). Well known and widely used Ordinary recursive least squares method (Fikar and Mikles 1999) was used for parameter estimation during the control. The polynomial method (Kucera 1993) used for controller synthesis together with the pole-placement method ensures basic control requirements such as stability, reference signal tracking and disturbance attenuation. Two control system configurations (Grimble 1994) were used – the first with one degreeof-freedom (1DOF) which has regulator only in feedback part and the second with two degrees-offreedom (2DOF) with feedback and feedforward parts. The resulting controllers are hybrid because polynomial synthesis is made for continuous-time but recursive identification runs on the delta-model, which belongs to the class of discrete-time models. The Continuous Stired Tank Reactor (CSTR) which is an equipment widely used in chemical industry for its good control properties. Mathematical model of this plant is described by the set of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically (Ingham et al. 2000). The system has two suitable input variables – volumetric flow rates of reactant and cooling and two outputs – product's temperature and concentration. The article provides several control simulation studies on the CSTR, all of them were done on mathematical simulation software Matlab, version 6.5.1. MODEL OF THE PLANT The controlled process here is represented by the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and its scheme can be found in Figure 1. Due to the simplification we expect that reactant is perfectly mixed and reacts to the final product with the concentration cA(t). The heat produced by the reaction is represented by the temperature of the reactant T(t). Furthermore we also expect that volume, heat capacities and densities are constant during the control. A mathematical model of this system is derived from the material and heat balances of the reactant and cooling. The resulted model is then a set of two Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) (Gao et al. 2002):


For the first time the user's relationship with Internet media information was talked about in the early 1990s. In 1993 the first public web browser appeared, it was with a graphical interface allowing a wide range of users to interact with the information contained in the Internet. This moment can be considered the birth of the Internet in the usual sense. After a small amount of time in the United States first work of psychologists on human interaction with the Internet appeared. The fact is that with the emergence of the Internet almost immediately users began to appear who applied to psychiatrists complaining that they spend too much time online. At the same time their way of life changed, they devoted less time to communication with loved ones, their personal lives suffered, they did their worst at professional duties, etc.


The digression of Verg. georg. III 339-383 depicts the life of Libyan and Scythian shepherds, inserting positive or even utopian features in a mainly dystopian context: such ambiguity could be explained as aiming at those paradox and thaumasion that are distinctive of Virgilian didactic poetry, but also by historical-political reasons. The slight lack of consistency of this passage motivates both the different interpretations by modern critics, and the opposite reception by Horace, who in carm. III 24 transforms Virgil's dystopian Scythians into a utopian ethical model, and Ovid, who in trist. III 10 and Pont. IV 7 retains only the negative elements in order to represent his personal dystopia: being a poet banished far from Rome, to the savage borders of the Empire.


There are different possibilities to utilize the abundant resource of walnut in China. The general idea of comprehensive and advanced process technology is that walnut shell can be processed as super fine powder and walnut kernel can be processed as walnut oil, walnut powder and walnut milk. Super fine walnut shell used widely now and will be used more widely in the future. Several methods can be used to prepare walnut oil. Among them, rapid pressing method can hold natural properties of walnut oil and avoid denaturalization of its protein. Protein from walnut not only can be made into powder products, but also milk-like product. In addition, the protein can be added to meat products and baking food as additive. Advanced process of walnut will offer great benefit to human.


Abstract A 3-yr-old female bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) was presented to the Exotic Pet and Wildlife Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the National Autonomous University of Mexico with a 3-day history of right hindlimb swelling. Radiographs revealed lysis of the right stifle and tarsal bone. Fine-needle aspiration from the stifle revealed large numbers of macrophages and giant cells, and Ziehl-Neelsen stain revealed intracytoplasmic acid-fast bacilli-like bacteria. Standard aerobic culture was performed, with negative results. Pain management was provided with meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg PO q24h) and tramadol (11 mg/kg PO q12h); the owner declined antimicrobial therapy. Three weeks later, radiographs revealed the progression of the lytic lesions to the distal femur, proximal tibia, and tarsal bones. One month later, the patient presented for left hindlimb swelling. Follow-up radiographs revealed a total loss of the right stifle and the tibiotarsal and tarsometatarsal joints, as well as new lytic lesions at the left stifle and tibiotarsal joints. Based on the grave prognosis, the lizard was euthanized. At necropsy, granuloma-like lesions were found at the stifles and the coxofemoral, tibiotarsal, and tarsometatarsal joints. Imprints made from these lesions revealed acid-fast bacilli. No other gross lesions were identified. Microscopic review of the tissues revealed severe granulomatous osteomyelitis and myositis, as well as a severe histiocytic and heterophilic hepatitis with acid-fast intrahistiocytic bacilli. Polymerase chain reaction results confirmed these bacteria as nontuberculous mycobacteria. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first postmortem report of septic arthritis associated with Mycobacterium spp. in a bearded dragon; only two other cases have been reported, both without postmortem findings.


The typical audiometric findings in the unilateral neurinoma are a mild to severe sensorineural hearing impairment, a speech discrimination score lower than would be anticipated from the pure-tone test, a low SISI score, partial or complete tone decay, and a Type I11 or IV Bkkksy audiogram, and no recruitment as measured by alternate loudness balance tests. The vestibular function is usually dcpressed.


Most of the variance-reducing techniques for Monte Carlo integrations are based on approximations of integrands. Useful approximations are, however, very difficult to find when many variables are involved. This paper investigates the use of approximations of the factorized form such as $\phi = h_1 (x_1 ,x_2 ) \cdot h_2 (x_2 ,x_3 ) \cdots h_{n - 1} (x_{n - 1} ,x_n )$ in a suitably chosen approximation scheme. Such approximations are very simple in form enabling automatic calculations of them. An efficient method for iteratively calculating such functions is given. It is shown that they serve as control variates or as importance sampling weight functions conveniently in even large dimensions. The results of numerical experiments performed on several six-dimensional integrals show that our method is much more powerful than the stratified sampling method as long as the variations of the integrands are not too large.


Following the strategy of sustainable development and the
principle of applying the best available technologies, energy
saving in Ukrainian Housing and Public Utilities Sector is
achieved by constructing energy efficient buildings due to
applying efficient building materials. Development of modern
building technologies in all technologically advanced
countries is aimed at developing cost-effective, efficient
materials the use of which can reduce energy costs and
consumption of raw materials. Aerated concrete is the optimal
material for housing because it has wide density and durability
range, the properties being important for solving various
structural problems.
The aerated concrete based on the modified cementitious
system containing an additional cementitious material, that of
carbonate-bearing salt waste is characterized by the
compressive strength of 2.7 MPa with the density of 650 kg/m3
after 28 days of hardening.


Soudan 2 is an 1100-ton tracking calorimeter which is being constructed to search for nucleon decay. The detector consists of finely segmented iron instrumented with drift tubes, and records three spatial coordinates and dE/dx for every gas crossing. Excellent event-reconstruction capability, particle identification, and muon sign and direction determination give superior rejection of the neutrino background to nucleon decay in many modes. The first 275 tons of Soudan 2 is operating and a charged-particle test beam calibration is under way. Construction is scheduled for completion in 1992. 4 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.


A U.S. Geological Survey report is presented giving a preliminary geologic map of the Oxley Peak Quadrangle, Elko County, Nevada.


Abstract Human-machine supervision is one of the essential fields doing fundamental research and producing applications that contribute to the dependability of complex manufacturing systems. Although many studies and supervision supports exist for the monitoring, diagnosis and decision-making/action-taking functions, prognosis has generally received less attention. Nonetheless, integrating a prognosis function seems a promising way to optimize means and performance of human-machine supervision. Clearly, the difficulties involved in identifying the functional role of prognosis in supervision and in quantifying its contribution to supervision performance could explain this lack of attention. Based on a review of the literature and an experimental approach, the research presented in this article provides a convincing foundation for stimulating interest in the integration of prognosis in the supervision process and the design of anticipative functions in the domain of human-machine supervision. The prognosis approach is to support the supervision human operator activity by an automated generation of hypotheses from a common information repository. This approach is based on the concept of "chronicle".


Abstract As part of Governments of Ghana efforts to deal with misappropriation of public sector resources, the Internal Audit Agency Act, 2003 (Act 658) was established to ensure probity, accountability, and transparency in the management of public sector resources, yet there is a high Corruption Perception Index in Ghana as asserted by the Transparent International 2021 release. To address this concern, our paper is aimed to develop a new model to explain the extent to which internal audit effectiveness (IAE) could be used to build strong organizational resilience as a mechanism through which efficiency in public procurement could be achieved while reducing public sector corruption incidence. Data have been collected from a cross-section of public sector workers. The structural equation modeling approach has been used to analyze the survey data. Our results have shown that cultural, and strategic resilience dimensions of organizational resilience significantly mediate the relationship between IAE and procurement performance. These results have implications for re-enforcement of audit regulations to ensure transparency in managing public sector resources with a focus on reducing negative public sector corruption perception.


The probabilistic characterization of the response of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) oscillator with linear hysteretic damping excited by ground motion described by zero mean stationary Gaussian processes is achieved by profiting from a steady‐state solution of the motion equation, valid when the excitation is given by the superposition of harmonics. The model of linear hysteretic damping has been introduced to fit damping mechanisms in which the dissipation rate is independent of frequency, and mathematically it is described by the Hilbert transform of the response. Though this model is debated since it violates the principle of causality, its intrinsic simplicity makes it preferable to other models. The steady‐state solution of the motion equation proposed in this paper allows a closed form evaluation of the respone mean square value. However, the numerical examples show that this quantity is affected by the mechanism of energy dissipation only when this is large. On the contrary, for a low capacity of dissipation the response mean square value is rather insensitive to the dissipation mechanism.


Abstract:Sustainable use of land resources is the main content of the development and protection of land resources and ecological environment security of land resources is the basis of sustainable use of land resources with ecological security evaluation of land resources as it's core content.In this paper,the Yunnan Statistical Yearbook was used as our original data and DPSIR(Driving forces–Pressure–State–Impact–Response)model was firstly used to construct ecological security evaluation index system of land resources and then the projection pursuit clustering method was used to determine weights of ecological security evaluation index.The results show that,ecological environment security of land resources is uneven distribution in all 42 counties of Central Yunnan Economic Zone,even in developed area such as Kunming.The pressure layer,state layer and response layer of ecological environment security of land resources differ a lot with driver layer of small difference and impact layer of almost no difference.


INTRODUCTION TO CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND CATALYSIS Green Chemistry and Clean Technology Green Chemistry Metrics Alternative Solvents Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Alternative Energy Reactors for Green Chemistry Concluding Remarks MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF ALCOHOL SELECTIVE OXIDATION Introduction Metal-Catalyzed Alcohol Selox Oxide, Sulfide, and Vanadate Catalysts Solvent Selection In Situ and Operando X-Ray Studies of Selox Catalysts Conclusions REACTION MONITORING IN MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS: APPLICATION OF COUPLED IN SITU SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Introduction Method Coupling Spectroscopic Reactors and Practical Aspects Selected Examples of Use Conclusion and Outlook IN SITU STUDIES ON PHOTOCATALYTIC MATERIALS, SURFACE INTERMEDIATES, AND REACTION MECHANISM Introduction In Situ Investigations Concluding Remarks ENANTIOSELECTIVE HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS Introduction Strategies for the Creation of Enantioselective Heterogeneous Catalysts Concluding Remarks - A Comparison of the Various Approaches to Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF SOLID ACIDS AND BASE-CATALYZED CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES Introduction New Catalytic Systems Biomass Conversions Summary SITE-ISOLATED HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS Introduction Assembled Monolayers of Metal Complexes on Single-Crystal Surfaces Reaction-Induced and Photoinduced Formation of Unsaturated Ru Complexes Supported on SiO2 Surfaces Manganese Triazacyclononane Catalysts Grafted under Reaction Conditions Well-Defined Silica-Supported Mo-Imido Alkylidene Complexes for Metathesis Double Catalytic Activation Using a Bifunctional Catalyst with both Acid and Base on Solid Surfaces Summary DESIGNING POROUS INORGANIC ARCHITECTURES Introduction Templated Methods for the Preparation of Ordered Porous Materials Hierarchical Porous Materials Concluding Remarks TAILORED NANOPARTICLES FOR CLEAN TECHNOLOGY - ACHIEVING SIZE AND SHAPE CONTROL Introduction Size Effects-Setting the Scene Size Effects Illustrated by Way of Examples of Selected Industrially Important Reactions Shape Effects Conclusion APPLICATIO OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS IN FINE CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS Metal-Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts Applications in Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Applications in Oxidation, Carbon-Oxygen, and Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis Concluding Remarks PROCESS INTENSIFICATION FOR CLEAN CATALYTIC TECHNOLOGY Introduction Effect of Transport Phenomena on Heterogeneous Catalysis Conclusion RECENT TRENDS IN OPERANDO AND IN SITU CHARACTERIZATION: TECHNIQUES FOR RATIONAL DESIGN OF CATALYSTS Introduction Catalyst Nascence Synthesis of Silicalite-1 Molecular Sieves Preparation of Supported Metal Catalysts Catalyst Life Elucidating the Reaction Mechanism of Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Determination of the Active Sites in Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Catalyst Death Methanol to Hydrocarbons Propane Dehydrogenation Summary and Conclusions APPLICATION OF NMR IN ONLINE MONITORING OF CATALYST PERFORMANCE Online Monitoring with NMR Spectroscopy Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy in Technical Samples Flow and High-Pressure NR Spectroscopy for Reaction Monitoring Selected Applications of NMR in Online Monitoring of Catalyst Performance Conclusions AMBIENT-PRESSURE X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY Introduction Technical Aspects Applications of APXPS Outlook


The email system has evolved from a great way to communicate, share information and collaborate to an inconvenient tool that progressively looses its reliability and becomes obsolete. This paper defines the problem, describes its magnitude and discusses the various measures that have been taken so far to overcome it. Moreover, it argues that the vast majority of spam could be avoided if so-called spammers are confronted as a community of email users with specific, legitimate motives instead of a minority of unethical outlaws.


This research aims to analyze the factors that influence Inflation towards ASEAN 5 countries, i.e. Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Philippines 2000-2014. This research is using methods of analysis panel data to determine the factors the influence the Inflation inflows in ASEAN-5. The factors that influence Inflation are Money Supply, Interest Rate, Exchange Rate, and Gross Domestic Product. Based on the analysis panel data result shows that Money Supply and Gross Domestic Product have the negative and significant impact to Inflation in ASEAN-5. Interest Rate has a negative and significant impact to Inflation in ASEAN-5. Exchange Rate has a positive and not significant impact to Inflation in ASEAN-5.


The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) (1) is perhaps the best established and the most widely used instrurnent of its kind for objective personality appraisal. Since its development in the late 1930's, the MMPI has served as an example of empirical scale development and has proved its validity in many applied and experimental efforts toward personality description and the prediction of human behavior. The inventory is comprised of 550 statements covering a wide variety of physical and emotional symptoms, feelings, attitudes, and life experiences.


As a nanoscale semiconductor memory device, a ferroelectric memristor has promising prospects to break through the von Neumann framework in terms of artificial synaptic function, information processing, and integration. This study presents the fabrication of Li0.09Bi0.91FeO3 as the functional layer for a memristor device based on the Si substrate, enabling the integration of silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. In addition, it exhibits bipolar resistance switching characteristics in a direct current mode and can rapidly achieve stable conductance tunability at higher frequencies through the applied pulse for biosynapse simulation. More importantly, multiple devices are connected into electrical circuits to realize storage functions with information processing and programmable characteristics. This work paves the way for near-future applications of ferroelectric memristors in information processing.


Objective To assess the diagnostic effect and significance of four screening tests for early cervical cancer.Methods We tested 1000 cases which were visited in our hospital by the four screening methods,and compared the results of the four methods with the pathological results.Results The sensitivity,specificity and accurancy of the four screening tests were as follows:the visual observation after 5% acetic acid staining(52.2%,65.6%,70.5%),the colposcopic evaluation(76.2%,56.8%,59.3%),the 1iqlprepcytologic cytologic tes(t85.7%,90.2%,89.9%)and the HPV-DNA tes(t91.3%,82.8%,86.4%)respectively.Conclusion The early diagnosis and early treatment are an effective measure to prevent and control cervical cancer,and according to the economy and populations of different areas,a rational choice of screening method is an important means of the rational resource distribution and the increase in the efficiency.


Data are reported on the clearance from blood and excretion of 237 Pu injected intravenously as Pu(IV) citrate into healthy subjects. Large inter-subject differences developed in the retention in blood (range 0.4-4.5% at 14 d), the higher values generally occurring in females. Except during the first 24 h, no important systematic differences were found between the early (<21 d) urinary excretion and the losses indicated in ICRP Publication 54, while after 6 and 12 wk the ICRP's prediction accorded roughly with excretion in the men but underestimated it in the women by up to a factor of 3. The renal clearance rate fell sharply to a minimum after 6-24 h, consistent with rapid binding of the tracer to transferrin, but a subsequent partial recovery up to 14-21d indicated a further change in the speciation of plutonium in the blood; lower rates in the women suggested possible sex-related differences in the balance of metabolites in the circulation. The relevant function in ICRP Publication 54 tended to exaggerate faecal excretion in the males at all times, but was more appropriate for the females.


This essay reflects on the de-naming of the David Hume Tower at Edinburgh University in September 2020. It critically examines and contextualises the racist footnote written by Hume, that was the focus of calls to remove his name from the building. It argues that an opportunity was lost to ask deeper questions about the contribution of David Hume to current thought, and why we may want to commemorate historical figures, despite their flaws. In short, a 'teachable moment' was squandered in this event. I conclude by suggesting that such symbolic gestures as the de-naming of the David Hume Tower are not effective ways to oppose racism.


At the current stage, sewage treatment technologies in rural areas of Beijing are applied frequently, they have their own advantages and disadvantages in the specific implementation process. Combining with the recent investigation of operation management of sewage treatment facilities in rural areas of Beijing, analyze advantages and disadvantages of rural sewage treatment technology and its application range in Beijing, aiming at provide a reference on the application of sewage treatment technology in rural areas of Beijing.


Automated motion image-based tracking is an increasingly important tool in Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR). Unfortunately, current tracking technology is not up to the performance levels needed to deliver key subtasks in this arena. We postulate that the under-performance of automated trackers derives from the under-exploitation of the rich sets of features related to the identification of items being tracked. To address, this we previously proposed a probabilistic formulation of features that supports easy exchange and integration of new features. This paper provides a deeper specification of the formulation. In particular, we employ the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Observations and Measurements (O&M) standard for the new specification. We use OGC O&M to describe non-parametric distributions of image features with respect to the entity resolution problem within feature-based tracking. An example is presented. We believe this approach will provide the foundations for a far wider and more effective exploration of potential features related to tracking, and as a result, will result in significantly better and more sustainable growth in tracker performance.


This paper introduces the popular universal forum systems in domestic mainstream forum and analyzes the unique characteristics of these forum systems. Based on these unique characteristics, we propose the concept of system fingerprint which can used to detect the different systems of forum exactly and extract the users' information efficiently. It contributes to the development of network information auditing. Experimental results show that the approach can achieve high extraction accuracy. It has important application value and practical significance.


Abstract: How do social banks signal their social commitment to motivated funders? We hypothesize that two main channels are used: selectivity and transparency. We test these predictions using a rich dataset comprising balancesheet information on 5,000 European banks over the period from 1998 to 2013. The results suggest that social screening leads social banks to higher project selectivity compared to mainstream banks. Social banks also tend to be more transparent than other banks. However, combining selectivity and transparency can result in excess liquidity. Overall, the empirical findings not only confirm our theoretical hypotheses, but also raise challenging issues regarding the management of social banks.


According to Torgersen (1978), education, health care, social security and housing are the four pillars of the welfare state. However, he describes housing as the "wobbly pillar under the welfare state" because to a far greater degree than education, health care and social security, housing is a market product. When examining welfare, the equivocal position of housing between state and market leads welfare researchers to focus on one or more of the other pillars (Torgersen, 1987, p 117; Wilensky, 1975, pp. 7–9). Because housing straddles both state and market, it is probable that vested market interests are more prominent in housing than in other welfare sectors. For this reason the housing market is likely to reflect the power balance between different interest groups particularly clearly, especially in comparison with other important welfare sectors where the market still plays a much more limited role. The market dependency of housing therefore makes it especially interesting for the study of power in welfare research. In this article I discuss the place of housing in the welfare system, emphasizing the dimension of power. I begin with a survey of the difference between integrated rental markets and dualist rental systems. This is followed by an examination of Esping‐Andersen's thesis presented in Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (1990), focusing on his concept of regime and his application of corporatist theory to his welfare regime typology. My examination points to a clear connection between countries with an integrated rental housing market and countries viewed by leading corporatist theorists as classic examples of society with a corporatist power structure.


This chapter explores the interception operations carried out by Spain in order to prevent irregular immigration by sea towards its coasts. Reference will be made to the interdiction powers at the disposal of a State according to the law of the sea, to the Spanish authorities competent to exercise those powers, and to the modern technical resources which they make use of to detect and intercept immigrants at sea. The chapter addresses the specific interception operations led by Spain in the sovereign waters of third countries, and their connection with operations coordinated by the FRONTEX Agency. lt analyses the reform of the Spanish criminal jurisdiction law undertaken in order to allow for the extraterritorial pursuit of the smuggling of irregular migrants, as well as the Spanish case law on this issue. The chapter presents a discussion of the criminal sanctioning of smuggling within the Spanish legal order. Keywords: extraterritorial strategies; FRONTEX Agency; irregular immigration; law of the sea; Spanish criminal jurisdiction law


Monocytes are one of the key inflammatory cells recruited to xenografts and play an important role in delayed xenograft rejection. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of monocytes to bind to the major xenoantigen Gal- (cid:1) (1,3)Gal- (cid:2) (1,4)GlcNAc-R; however, the receptor that mediates this interaction has yet to be identified. We provide evidence that it is Galectin-3, a (cid:1) 30-kDa lectin that recognizes (cid:2) -galactosides (Gal- (cid:2) (1–3/4)GlcNAc) and plays diverse roles in many physiological and pathological events. Human monocyte binding is strikingly increased on porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC), which express high levels of Gal- (cid:1) (1,3)Gal- (cid:2) (1,4)GlcNAc-R, compared with human aortic endothelial cells. Human monocytes obtained from healthy donors bind to Gal- (cid:1) (1,3)Gal- (cid:2) (1,4)GlcNAc-R at variable intensities. This variation of binding intensity was consistent and reproducible in individual donors. Galectin-3 is mainly expressed in human monocytes, not lymphocytes. Purified Galectin-3 is able to bind directly to Gal- (cid:1) (1,3)Gal- (cid:2) (1,4)GlcNAc-R. Galectin-3 can also be affinity isolated from monocytes (and not lymphocytes) using an Gal- (cid:1) (1,3)Gal- (cid:2) (1,4)GlcNAc-R-biotin/streptavidin-bead pull-down system. Soluble Galectin-3 binds preferentially to PAEC endothelial and this binding can be inhibited by lactose, indicating dependence on the carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3. Gal- (cid:1) (1,3)Gal- (cid:2) (1,4)GlcNAc-R is at least partly responsible for this phenomenon, as binding decreased after digestion of PAEC with (cid:1) -galactosidase. Furthermore, monocytes pretreated with a blocking anti-Galectin-3 Ab show decreased adhesion to PAEC when compared with isotype control in a parallel plate flow chamber perfusion assay. Thus, we conclude that Galectin-3 expressed in human monocytes is a receptor for the major xenoantigen (Gal- (cid:1) (1,3)Gal- (cid:2) (1,4)GlcNAc-R), expressed on porcine endothelial cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 177: 1289–1295.


This paper describes a method for automatically generating human walking sequences that match the path set to the given terrain. The Environment Adaptive Human Walking Animation (EAW) module using this method offers to users an interface that can unite human walking motion with the environment in virtual worlds. The EAW module has a 4-layer structure comprising the GUI level, the control level, the motion generation level and the rendering level. The EAW module realizes the adaptation to the 3D terrain by using "area divisions" and "step divisions" for the walking path in the control level, and generates the walking motion sequences by using the "E-KLAW" method that uses dynamics and kinematics in the motion generation level. By using this module, the user's tasks are made significantly simpler and the user can incorporate human motion into various scenes.


With the fierce competition in the medical and sanitary market,hospitals must improve their economic benefits to seek development and the hospital auditing work should not only focus on financial revenue and expenditure but also expand to economic benefits auditing.This article has discussed how to carry out economic benefits auditing from the aspects of the principle,content,procedure,and methods of economic benefits auditing.


This paper deals with English borrowings from foreign languages like Danish, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Chinese and observes that the English loans prefer the selection of [ae] to that of [a] or [α], other things being equal. The observation poses a challenge to the well-held view that [a] and [α] are perceptually less marked than [ae]. It is predicted that the perception-based markedness would prefer [a] or [α] to [ae] in loanword adaptation. On the other hand, this paper also shows that some identifiable cases betray the aforementioned tendency of changing the source vowel [a] or [α] into the vowel [ae] in the process of loanword adaptation. These two conflicting situations are discussed in this paper and explained by falling back on grammatical constraints within the framework of Optimality Theory (OT, Prince and Smolensky 1993/2004).


Architectures that would exploit the distinct characteristics of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) have been proposed for digital communication networks that connect advanced digital computing circuits. In comparison with networks of wires in conventional very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuitry, the networks according to the proposed architectures would be more compact. The proposed architectures would make it possible to implement complex interconnection schemes that are required for some advanced parallel-computing algorithms and that are difficult (and in many cases impractical) to implement in VLSI circuitry. The difficulty of implementation in VLSI and the major potential advantage afforded by QCA were described previously in Implementing Permutation Matrices by Use of Quantum Dots (NPO-20801), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 25, No. 10 (October 2001), page 42. To recapitulate: Wherever two wires in a conventional VLSI circuit cross each other and are required not to be in electrical contact with each other, there must be a layer of electrical insulation between them. This, in turn, makes it necessary to resort to a noncoplanar and possibly a multilayer design, which can be complex, expensive, and even impractical. As a result, much of the cost of designing VLSI circuits is associated with minimization of data routing and assignment of layers to minimize crossing of wires. Heretofore, these considerations have impeded the development of VLSI circuitry to implement complex, advanced interconnection schemes. On the other hand, with suitable design and under suitable operating conditions, QCA-based signal paths can be allowed to cross each other in the same plane without adverse effect. In principle, this characteristic could be exploited to design compact, coplanar, simple (relative to VLSI) QCA-based networks to implement complex, advanced interconnection schemes. The proposed architectures require two advances in QCA-based circuitry beyond basic QCA-based binary-signal wires described in the cited prior article. One of these advances would be the development of QCA-based wires capable of bidirectional transmission of signals. The other advance would be the development of QCA circuits capable of high-impedance state outputs. The high-impedance states would be utilized along with the 0- and 1-state outputs of QCA.


We consider a chemotaxis system over a bounded domain <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \Omega\subset \mathbb R^2 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> of the following form

<disp-formula>  <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$\begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{split} &u_t = \Delta u-\chi\nabla\cdot\left(\frac{u}{v}\nabla v\right)- u+ a, \\ &v_t = \Delta v- v+ uv(1-v)+b, \end{split} \right. \ \ \ \ \ \ (\star)\end{equation*}$ \end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula>

with <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ \chi>0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ a\geq0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ b>0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. The particular version of (<inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ \star$\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>) with <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ \chi = 2 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> was proposed by Pitcher to describe the evolution of population dynamics of criminal agents. Recent results reveal that the system (<inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ \star$\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>) associated with Neumann boundary conditions admits a global classical solution, under appropriate smallness conditions on both the initial data and the parameter <inline-formula><tex-math id="M8">\begin{document}$ \chi $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>.

The present study indicates that nevertheless, for all reasonably regular initial data and any <inline-formula><tex-math id="M9">\begin{document}$ \chi>0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, the corresponding Neumann initial-boundary value problem possesses a global generalized solution. Furthermore, it also demonstrates that, whenever <inline-formula><tex-math id="M10">\begin{document}$ a = 0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, such global generalized solution becomes bounded and smooth at least eventually. In particular, it approaches the spatial equilibria at exponential rate in the large time limit.


Design and Participants: For this cross-sectional study, 97 consecutive dysmetabolic patients were recruited at the diabetes outpatient clinics of Sapienza University in Rome; 71 of them had T2D, with (n = 35) or without (n = 36) obesity, and 26 were obese patients without diabetes. Twenty-one normalweight nondiabetic individuals were enrolled as a control group. Study participants underwent clinical workup and blood sampling for metabolic/inflammatory characterization; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data on subcutaneous AT and visceral AT (VAT) area, hepatic fat content, and VAT homogeneity were available for most diabetic patients.


For the purpose of acquiring high detailed images using satellite or airborne synthetic aperture radars (SARs) phased coded waveforms are used. This approach allows SAR to obtain high resolution images with high signal to noise ratio. The main downside of this approach is high side lobe level which appears in the form of rows of the bright dashes, arranged around single or complex target response codirectional with Range axis. This effect essentially deteriorates the quality of image visual analysis by the human eye and substantively reduces the capabilities of the automatic image processing techniques. For that cause many different methods exists that reduce side lobe level with different trade-offs. One of this methods is application of the circular shifts of the binary sequences. It cyclically shifts each emitted sequence while accumulating autocorrelation function for each subsequent shift. For effective usage of this method optimal circular shift parameters must be found which includes, as the main parameter, circular shift step or overall number of autocorrelation function accumulations. This paper presents the analytical research into M-sequence autocorrelation function side lobe suppression due to the cyclic accumulation.


ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the effect of pre-incubation storage periods on egg weight loss, embryonic development and hatchability of hatching pullet eggs. A total number of three hundred eggs were used for this experiment. The three hundred (300) fresh fertile eggs sourced from a breeder farm on five different days (sixty eggs per days) at three days interval (day 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12) were weighed. The sixty (60) eggs collected on each day were subdivided into three replicates of twenty eggs each. The different preincubation stored eggs were weighed on the last day of storage to determine weight loss during storage. Three eggs per treatment were used to monitor embryonic development on each of the days 0, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 of incubation resulting into a total of 90 eggs. The remaining 210 eggs (42 eggs per treatment) were incubated for twenty one days for hatchability determination. Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Results obtained on prolong pre-incubation storage showed that prolong storage of egg leads to increased (P 0.05) affect yolk weight, albumen height and haugh value. Egg weight loss during incubation was inversely (P<0.05) influenced by the pre-incubation storage periods. The relative embryonic development showed a uniform and continuous increment in the rate of embryonic development in the different storage periods, which was evidenced between day 9 and day 18 of incubation. Eggs stored for a few days had higher (P<0.05) hatchability than those set in the incubator on the day of oviposition. Hatchability was adversely (P<0.05) affected by prolong egg storage. It could be concluded that hatching egg should neither be set in incubator on the day of oviposition nor subjected to prolong pre-incubation storage period more than 6 days at 18°C for higher hatchability.


Frequent and persistent stressful events caused depressive illness. Stress is an aversive stimulus which disturbs physiological homeostasis and reflects a variety of biological systems. The present study was designed to investigate the nitric oxide mechanism in the protective effect of clomipramine against acute immobilization stress-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice. Methods: Mice were immobilized for 6h. Clomipramine (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) were administered 30min before subjecting the animals to acute stress. Behavioral tests (elevated plus maze, mirror chamber, locomotor activity) and biochemical analysis (brain glutamate, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite, glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity) were performed subsequently. Results: Acute immobilization stress caused anxiety-like behavior, impaired locomotor activity and oxidative stress as compared to naive. Pretreatment with clomipramine in the tested doses significantly reversed immobilization stressinduced behavioral and biochemical alterations. l-arginine (50mg/kg) pretreatment with clomipramine (5mg/kg) significantly attenuated the protective effect of clomipramine. However, l-NAME (10mg/kg) and/or methylene blue (10mg/kg) pretreatment with the same dose of clomipramine significantly potentiated their protective effects which were significant as compared to their effect per se respectively. Conclusions: Present study highlights the involvement of nitric oxide mechanism in the protective effect of clomipramine against acute immobilization-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice.


It is based on a talk given to the Staff Conference of the Victorian Soil Conservation Authority in December 1969.


In this study, we attend to the curves whose position vectors are written as alinear combination of their Serret-Frenet vectors in Minkowski 4-Space E_1^4. We characterize such curves with regard to their curvatures. Further, we get certain consequences of T-constant and N-constant types of curves in E_1^4.


At-speed scan testing has become mandatory due to the extreme CMOS technology scaling. The two main at-speed scan testing schemes are namely Launch-Off-Shift (LOS) and Launch-Off-Capture (LOC). As it can be easily implemented, LOC has been widely investigated in the literature in the last few years, especially regarding test power consumption. Conversely, LOS has received much less attention. In this paper, we propose a comparison between the two testing schemes in terms of transition fault coverage and power consumption, in order to quantify the pros and cons of LOS with respect to LOC. This study shows that LOS exhibits higher performance in transition delay fault coverage and pattern count, and does not require a significant amount of extra power (with respect to LOC), especially in terms of peak power dissipation. These facts may represent convincing arguments for its wider use and development.


No matter its peculiarities, enlargement policy through its conditionality policy instrument is viewed as the most successful EU foreign policy. It is argued that enlargement has strengthened and stabilized democracy in Europe. This review article discusses the enlargement policy towards the Western Balkans since the 2003 Thessaloniki Summit and the Union's efforts and mechanisms to maintain enlargement at the forefront. These mechanisms include forums and summits of discussion between EU and Western Balkan key actors, various strategies on enlargement, and financial dedications to fostering reform implementation like IPA. The 2003 Summit is considered a critical point in regards to refocusing attention and efforts to enlargement and reaffirming a European future for the Balkan region; therefore, it is important to consider all alternations from that point in time. Thus, the aim is to look at enlargement policy through years and provide an insightful view to the enlargement credibility that allows us to critically review it. To achieve the set goal, this article employees the content analysis methodology. The results show that although the Commission has shown its commitment to enlargement from time to time, the enlargement policy has been at stake at different times from 2003. The raise of the populism right wing parties in Europe, the growth of eurospectis and spread of terrorism are few of the contributing factors to the enlargement fatigue.


Maize variety Luodan8 is bred by Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It is a hybrid corn with half compact-type,medium ear,high yield and extensive adaptability.The variety is improved variety of Yuyu31 in the resistance to common smut and maize stalk rot.Luodan8 not only inherited the advantages of Yuyu31,but also made up the limitations of Yuyu31.In the production experiment,the output of Luodan8 is increased by 4.8% compared with Xundan18,by 11.6% compared with Yuyu31.


A summary is given of the design approach, and challenges the Eta Model was facing during more than a decade and a half of its history at NMC and then NCEP/EMC. The model's Arakawa approach in emphasizing maintenance of the analogs of chosen features of the continuous system, and the avoidance of computational modes, is consistent with current physics parameterization methods; the former because it is using the box-average treatment as do the parameterization schemes, and the latter because it minimizes the impact of grid-point to grid-point noise resulting from parameterizations. In addition, the eta coordinate is addressing the pressure gradient force problem. While it is next to impossible to be certain about conclusions from various model comparison results, the Eta performance over the years has given strong indications regarding the relevance or impact in comprehensive NWP models of high formal accuracy schemes, treatment of topography, the domain size vs resolution issue, and what value added a limited area model can achieve. As to this last point, a strong showing of the Eta relative to its driver GFS model at extended forecast times, in particular in winter, begs for a better understanding. Finally, work in progress in refining the eta discretization so as to allow for sloping steps and remove the Eta downslope windstorm problem is outlined.


While the consequences of the credit crunch appear all too apparent, the intricacies of the complex financial instruments involved, combined with the vast sweep of the global financial system, seem to defy explanation. Attempts to accuse negligent regulators, fraudulent brokers and greedy borrowers cast much blame but little light on the causes of the crises. This paper has as its primary objective not to advise on the measures to be taken to combat the present economic state but to derive an integral CAMEL based function that can be used by banks regulators and managements to check, monitor, identify and correct emerging problems at short notice on a daily, weekly, monthly or annul basis before they become out-of-bounds or unbearable. The data for this research work is secondary. The study builds on the coefficients of the identified best ratios for CAMEL now CLEAM as in Wirnkar and Tanko (2008) at SSRN http://ssrn.com/abstract=1150968. Statistical techniques are used to further manipulate the data towards arriving at the objective of the paper. The paper derived a function known as the W-Score. That is W-Score =0.20886579C-0.197883635L 0.197834192E-0.197730975A-0.197685405M. The respective W-scores for best performing bank, average performing bank and least performing bank were ascertained. Margins of safety for each component in CAMEL were also computed. As one of the recommendations of this paper, bank' regulators and those in academia are implored to test the efficacy of the CAMEL (CLEAM) derived function and certify its application in the banking industry.


The mechanical and thermal properties of TiC/Ni3Al composites with different Ni3Al volume fraction are first tested. The thermal stresses of TiC / Ni3Al FGMs in the preparation and working processes are calculated by the finite element method under thermoelastic assumption. Based on the synthetic analysis for the minimum stress, the minimum stress-strength ratio and the stress state of pure TiC side, the thermal stress relaxation design and structure optimization of TiC/Ni3Al FGMs are fulfilled. The results show that the linear compositional distribution design is reasonable for the FGM system.


Quality of ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated chocolate milk manufactured by different manufacturing companies of Bangladesh was evaluated. The milk samples were collected from retail shops of different markets supplied by three major dairy brands namely Aarong, Starship and Milkman. From the organoleptic tests it was found that there were no significant variation in consistency, but significant variations (p≤0.05) were found in case of flavor and colour and appearance, pH and solids-not-fat (SNF) content showed insignificant difference, while significant variations at different levels (p<0.01 to 0.05) were found in all other chemical parameters like contents of total solids, fat, protein, ash and carbohydrate (mixed sugar). There was no evidence of presence of bacteria (total viable bacteria and coliform bacteria) in any of the samples. Considering all of organoleptic, chemical and microbiological properties of the samples of UHT chocolate milks, it could be concluded that Starship UHT chocolate milk was better and more acceptable followed by that supplied by Milkman. It could be suggested that to obtain quality UHT chocolate milk proper method, composition of ingredients and also the strict hygienic and sanitary measures should be followed. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44(2): 128-131


It analyzes distribution of soft foundation and geological features in coastal area of Subei, discusses existing maximum hazard to construction, combined with specific engineering, it illustrates basal form of soft foundation and puts forward specific countermeasures.


The cathodic and anodic polarization of steel electrodes covered by thin films of compositions containing a 10 wt.% mixture of amines of hydrogenated acids of tall oil or individual C16H33NH2 amine in n-C15H32 or n-C10H22 has been studied in 0.5 M NaCl solution. At the polarization from the cathodic region to the anodic one, a potential range is observed where the process rate does not depend on the potential. This potential range spreads in both directions from the corrosion potential and is interpreted as the non-oxide passivity region.


The corrosion of steel bars in concrete is a dangerous and extremely costly problem that causes losses of serviceability and structural capacity in buildings and bridges. Once the depassivation occurs, because of concrete carbonation or chloride attack, the oxides occupy approximately 2–6 times the iron volume, causing a pressure at the steel–concrete interface, and consequently cracks and bond-slip degradation. In particular, the reinforcement-concrete bond degradation influences the deformability of the element and consequently its service behavior. The present study is a part of an extensive research project—CONSTIN, between Oslo Metropolitan University and Niccolò Cusano University—aiming to evaluate the steel-to-concrete interaction in the presence of corrosion and to establish a variation law for the bond strength as a function of the corrosion level. The research assess the influence of different levels of corrosion on the interaction between the concrete and the most typical steel reinforcement typologies (steel strands and smooth and ribbed bars), characterized by the same diameter (equivalent to 12 mm) and bonded length. The different level of corrosion is reached with a specific duration of exposition of the embedded reinforcements to the accelerated electrolytic corrosion process. Some details about the laboratory procedure, the duration of exposition and the current density are provided. The preliminary results of the experimental campaign are presented.


T he 21st century, as is being claimed the world over, will belong to Asia. Regional economic cooperation in Asia is developing fast and well. with the Association of SouthEast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as a centre, and with the positive contribution of major Asian nations such as China, India and Japan. The progress in cooperation has shown that Asian economic unification is in motion. We believe that the economic


We put forward a new piecewise-linear stochastic resonance (SR) model for detecting the weak signal under the strong noise backgrounde. we show its description equations and haracter parameters. Through numerically simulating its performance under periodic signal and aperiodic signal respectively, we illustrate that this system is very helpful for detecting the weak signal under the strong noise background


Background Specific patient demographics or disease characteristics may be associated with switching from one therapy to another for patients with RA. Identifying these predictive factors may help inform prospective treatment decisions. Objectives To examine factors predicting switching among patients with RA from a TNF inhibitor (TNFi) to a subsequent biologic (b)DMARD (TNFi or non-TNFi [abatacept, tocilizumab, rituximab]) or the targeted synthetic (ts)DMARD tofacitinib. Methods This analysis included patients aged ≥18 years, who were enrolled in a large sequential RA registry established in October 2001 and who initiated a TNFi on/after 1 January 2005 and had ≥24 months' follow-up. Switch was defined as discontinuation of a TNFi and initiation of another bDMARD or tofacitinib within 6 months. Of TNFi initiations, 67% were randomly selected as a prediction dataset and used to develop the final model; 33% were considered in the validation dataset. Logistic regression modelling was used to predict switching status; baseline demographics (age, sex, race), patient attributes (smoking status, BMI, work status) and clinical characteristics (RF and anti-cyclic citrullinated protein status, erosive disease, history of co-morbidities, prior and current treatment, disease activity, patient-reported pain, fatigue, morning stiffness) were considered. Goodness-of-fit statistics were used to assess model fit and receiver operating characteristic curves (area under the curve [AUC]) to validate the model. Results Among 6909 eligible TNFi initiations, there were 1343 switchers (prediction dataset: 4623 TNFi initiations, including 898 switchers). Compared with non-switchers, switchers were younger, had a shorter duration of RA and higher baseline mean CDAI score. Fewer switchers were positive for erosive disease or on combination therapy with MTX, but more were on monotherapy or combination therapy with a non-MTX DMARD. After investigation of several models, the best-fit model (Table) to predict switching from a TNFi yielded an AUC=0.705 (sensitivity=81%; false positive rate=49%).Table 1. Predictive Model for TNFi Switching in Patients with RA Covariate Value Odds ratio(95% CI) p value Age (10 year effect) 0.85 (0.79–0.92) <0.0001 Duration of RA, years 0–2 Reference: 3–5 0.85 (0.67–1.07) 0.17 6–10 0.65 (0.51–0.85) 0.001 >10 0.52 (0.41–0.66) <0.0001 History of diabetes 1.26 (0.94–1.68) 0.12 History of malignancy 0.66 (0.47–0.94) 0.02 History of serious infection 1.16 (0.82–1.64) 0.41 Prior number of conventional DMARDs 1.17 (1.08–1.27) 0.0002 Number of prior non-TNFi 0 Reference: 1 1.17 (0.88–1.55) 0.29 ≥2 1.36 (0.90–2.05) 0.15 CDAI score Remission (0–2.8) Reference: Low (>2.8–10) 1.72 (1.11–2.66) 0.01 Moderate (>10–22) 2.75 (1.82–4.16) <0.0001 High (>22) 2.75 (1.82–4.14) <0.0001 Year of initiation 1.33 (1.28–1.37) <0.0001 Conclusions The model identified in this analysis revealed that factors including age, duration of RA, CDAI, history of co-morbid conditions, prior treatment and year of TNFi initiation predicted switching from a TNFi to another bDMARD or tsDMARD. Disclosure of Interest L. Harrold Shareholder of: Corrona, LLC, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant for: Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Employee of: Corrona, LLC, University of Massachusetts Medical School, H. Litman Employee of: Corrona, LLC, S. Connolly Shareholder of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, E. Alemao Shareholder of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, S. Kelly Shareholder of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, S. Rebello Employee of: Corrona, LLC, T. Blachley: None declared, J. Kremer Shareholder of: Corrona, LLC, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Employee of: Corrona, LLC, Speakers bureau: Genentech (non-branded talks only)


With August comes the annual and often frenzied media coverage of examination results and inevitable conclusions drawn about (typically falling) educational standards (see Billington, 2006). Regardless of whether such conclusions are justified, or justifiable, debate continues throughout the year in the general media over the perceived utility and worth of current Alevel qualifications in particular (e.g., Asthana, 2007; Paton, 2007), or education standards in general (e.g., Iggulden, 2006). Notwithstanding the contribution of the media, there has been some credible research undertaken which has found there to be a widely-held perception that current A-levels may be of questionable benefit in preparing students for studying at university (Association of Colleges, 2006). This paper appraises that research and describes a study that was conducted to ascertain the extent to which Higher Education Admissions Tutors for Law and Psychology Bachelor degrees considered A-levels prepared students for university study. Results of the present study indicated that the majority of admissions tutors agreed that a range of GCE subjects, to varying degrees, adequately prepared students for study at university. INTRODUCTION A-levels There has been some research into perceptions of the benefit of A-levels generally in preparing students for study at university. As part of the Nuffield Review of 14-19 Education and Training, a series of focus groups were conducted to investigate university lecturers' and admissions staff expectations of the education and training of 14 to 19 year olds (Wilde, Wright, Hayward, Johnson, & Skerrett, 2006). Over 250 participants from 21 higher education institutions across England and Wales took part in the focus groups. The majority of participants perceived there to be a general decline in the literacy and numeracy skills of school leavers, to the extent that some institutions were providing additional support in literacy and mathematics, although details of this support were not reported. Moreover, some participants considered that degree courses might need to be lengthened to account for the additional resources and time needed to support the limited literacy and numeracy skills of current applicants. There is further evidence to indicate that this may be an issue for some universities, with a recent article by Frean, Yobbo, and Duncan (August 15, 2007) in The Times reporting on a small survey of universities' provision of study skills or essay-writing classes for undergraduates. Of the 117 universities approached, 26 of the 47 that replied stated that they offered classes in study skills or essay writing. Although many universities offer such classes as a matter of course, Frean et al. quoted staff from four universities who stated that these Centre for Education Research and Policy 2 classes were a new initiative in response to poor literacy skills among students. However, the article does not specify how many of the responding universities had introduced such classes as part of a new initiative, or whether they were components of pre-existing (or recently expanded) study skills programmes. Moreover, a recent study conducted by the Association of Colleges (2006) found that many students considered A-levels to be of questionable benefit in preparing them for university study. This survey of 1,027 first-, second-, and third-year undergraduates (446 males, 581 females) found that only 58.6% of respondents slightly or strongly agreed with the statement "Doing A Levels adequately prepared me for my current university course". Of the remaining respondents, 17.7% disagreed (either slightly or strongly) that A-levels prepared them for their course; 23.7% were neutral or did not know. However, this study was somewhat limited in that it only asked a single general question relating to A-levels. Although the above examples illustrate that there are negative views surrounding the perceived utility of A-levels, the evidence is largely anecdotal and unfocussed. The present paper describes a study that aimed to expand upon this limited previous research, and to determine the extent to which Higher Education Admissions Tutors, those individuals who organise and co-ordinate the selection of students who apply for admission to undergraduate degrees, perceive that A-levels prepare students for university study. However, for reasons discussed below, the present study focussed upon the opinions of Law and Psychology Admissions Tutors.


In today's Sweden, sustainable development is seen as both an approach and a goal with selfevident value, and participation by members of society is a necessary resource in this process. Food and m ...


REPORT OF A CASE A 60-year-old woman with an orofacial tumor was referred to our outpatient clinic 2 weeks after her immigration from Ethiopia to Israel. Due to lack of communication, the exact course of the tumor is unknown. According to her escort, it developed during more than 10 years without any medical attention. On physical examination, a huge, flesh-colored, spongy tumor emerged through the entire width of her lips (Figs 1 and 2), and the whole left side of her face was infiltrated by a lobular mass, the lower part of which was ulcerated, disclosing the same flesh-colored spongy base. The tumor originated from the palate and filled the whole oral cavity, allowing the introduction of only a straw for liquid feeding. The right side of the face was unaffected. She was very thin, but, except for an enlarged left submandibular lymph node, the rest of the physical examination


Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used; in the United Kingdom alone there are more than 26 million prescriptions for them each year (100 million in the USA). Although their side effects are diverse, the main clinical problems are gastrointestinal, including ulceration, haemorrhage, and perforations, in addition to chronic blood and protein loss. It is widely believed that both the therapeutic and toxic effects of NSAIDs result from the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) activity.' While this longstanding view is simple and logical, it may be incomplete.2 Recently, an alternative hypothesis has been suggested to explain the initiation and perpetuation ofNSAID induced gastrointestinal damage.3 The hypothesis proposes a two stage mechanism of NSAID gastrointestinal damage. In its simplest form, the pathogenesis can be visualised as an initial 'topical' biochemical action of NSAIDs (stage I) which is then transformed into an inflammatory tissue reaction (stage II) because of increased intestinal permeability (a transitional stage) that allows luminal aggressive factors access to the


Objective: To explore clinical effects of acupuncture combined with moxibustion therapy in treating multiple sclerosis neurogenic urinary and fecal dysfunctions. Methods: Forty-six patients were randomized into the treatment group and the control group, 23 cases each group. The patients in the control group were treated with intermittent catheterization and oral administration of lactulose, and the ones in the treatment group accepted acupuncture combined with moxibustion on the foundation of the therapy the control group received. Results: The difference had statistical meaning in the comparisons of 24 hours urinating times within 24 hours, urine volume each time, bladder residual urinary volume, maximum bladder volume and urodynamics between both groups before and after treating(P0.05); defecting time, fecal character, fecal times and the number of going to toilet were compared between both groups before and after treating, and the difference showed statistical meaning(P0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture combined with moxibustion could improve multiple sclerosis neurogenic urinary and fecal dysfunctions.


Recently, an active discussion on the feasibility of Millimeter Wave (mmWave) frequencies for the Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication have been carried out in research community. We contribute to this discussion by providing a comparison between explicit three-dimensional ray-tracing simulations and field trial measurements on 39 GHz frequency. Three basic practical and relevant cases for V2V communications are considered covering several important scenarios of daily life traffic. A close match between the measured and simulated results is found through explicit ray tracing simulations; thus validating the feasibility of the simulation model and underlying assumptions. Moreover, these outcomes also shed light on the potential and challenges of using mmWave frequencies for V2V communication. The acquired results indicate that the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) levels are sufficiently above the noise level even up to 100 m distance between TX and RX in case of a single obstructing car. Results also reveal the impact of moving vehicle intersecting the LOS between the TX and RX vehicle at road intersection, and they indicate a notable blockage loss in case of short TX-RX separation.


Nodal, a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily, is implicated in many events critical to the early vertebrate embryo, including mesoderm formation, anterior patterning, and left-right axis specification. Here we define the intracellular signaling pathway induced by recombinant nodal protein treatment of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Nodal signaling activates pAR3-Lux, a luciferase reporter previously shown to respond specifically to activin and TGF-β. However, nodal is unable to induce pTlx2-Lux, a reporter specifically responsive to bone morphogenetic proteins. We also demonstrate that nodal induces p(CAGA)12, a reporter previously shown to be specifically activated by Smad3. Expression of a dominant negative Smad2 significantly reduces the level of luciferase reporter activity induced by nodal treatment. Finally, we show that nodal signaling rapidly leads to the phosphorylation of Smad2. These results provide the first direct biochemical evidence that nodal signaling is mediated by both activin-TGF-β pathway Smads, Smad2 and Smad3. We also show here that the extracellular cripto protein is required for nodal signaling, making it distinct from activin or TGF-β signaling.


The authors present findings from a data-driven account in which they followed ten fifth-grade students receiving intervention in reading through Georgia's test-based grade retention policy. Under the policy, the students had little confidence in themselves as readers and felt that reading test passages was unnecessary and difficult. Consequently, they read questions and skimmed passages for key words to find answers, with little success, thus reproducing their difficulties with reading. The authors suggest that teachers address students' use of the search and destroy method of reading by learning how their students are actually reading, engaging students in discussions about what it means to read for a variety of purposes, and helping students understand when search and destroy is effective and when it is not. Through these recommendations the authors hope to offer reluctant readers an avenue to reconsider what it means to read and how one approaches texts.


The extensive project BOT mode is a new financing way.With the rapid development of expressway and bringing up the idea of building socialism new rural village in "the eleventh five year plan",the rural road as the support of main road net has received more respect from our country more and more.However,the situation of our rural road construction is still staying in the single financing way of "who construct,who operate,who derive the benefit,who take the responsibility".The demand of rural road construction can't be satisfied fundamentally in this single way.So,we should broaden the financing way,take actions that suit local circumstances,utilize the new type of financing way to suit for the development of our countryside's rural road construction in order to transfer the risk of government,utilize policy-based investment effectively,accomplish multi-channel financing mode and attain the task of win-win in road construction and resource exploitation.


The quality and storage characteristics of low salted onion and five cereals-doenjang (DFO) were investigated. At the DFO, soybean koji (), onion (3%) and salt (8%) were mixed with equal amount of rice, barley, glutinous millet and glutinous indian millet (), and water (). The storage of DFO was done by vacuum packing in polypropylene tube, and sterilized at . The fermentation and storage was conducted for 60 days at at each condition. Control doenjang (GD) was the salinity of 16% soybean doenjang that was not sterilized and packed in plastic containers for storage. During the fermentation, pH of DFO was lower than GD. The pH maintained stability during the storage, and revealed to be lowered, as the proportion of mixed cereals was higher. During the fermentation of DFO, the brix degree revealed to be higher than GD and maintained s1ability during the storage. During the fermentation and storage, the amino nitrogen content of DFO was ranged by showing higher content than GD and maintained stable content during the storage. During the fermentation, the activities of protease and -amylase were maintained to be high at DFO, but the activities during the storage were high at GD. The color value of DFO during fermentation and storage maintained higher values than GD, but value revealed lower pattern. Total free amino acids of DFO was ranged which was higher than GD that recorded 1,291 mg%. When the sensory evaluation was conducted for DFO that was fermented and stored for 60 days, the DFO mixed with of cereals resulted to have more savory taste, flavor, and sweeter than GD, and overall acceptability for color and overall taste was high.


Homegardens are areas around the house used to form consortiums, matching hardwood tree species with agricultural crops and/or animals. Its main function is to produce food for family consumption. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity and knowledge about the use and management of forest plants in the homegardens, especially about the peppers in the state of Amapa (Brazil). The survey was conducted through semi?structured interviews with 16 experts in their respective homegardens, using the guided?tour in four localities of the Environmental Protection Area of Rio Curiau. The material was processed through the usual method in taxonomy and diversity of homegardensverified by the Shannon-Wiener Index. We recorded 5141 individuals in 64 families, 130 genera and 155 species. Among 21 popular names of peppers, we found nine taxa belonging to Solanaceae and Piperaceae families. Curiau de Fora and Curiau de Dentro showed higher richness and Curiau de Fora showed the greatest diversity of species. The experts showed the knowledge about the plants and how to use the managed species in areas such as medicinal, food, commercial, ritualistic, among others, in particular Capsicum frutescens L. The homegardens stand as a viable strategy for the conservation and maintenance of local diversity.


©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Higher Education Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Accepted 3 January 2023. Recollection A pioneer of research on aureomycin synthesis and bacterial nitrogen fixation in China: Shen San-Chiun


A 56-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure and a biventricular ICD was referred for assessment of frequent episodes of antitachycardia pacing and occasional shocks for tachycardia. An EP study was performed for further assessment. During catheter manipulation in the right ventricle, tachycardia was observed (Fig. 1). At baseline, the AH interval was 100 msec and the HV interval was 50 msec at 58 bpm. Preexcitation was not demonstrated with atrial pacing, and VA conduction was absent at all cycle lengths tested. Tachycardia was easily reproduced by ventricular and atrial pacing (Fig. 2). What is the differential diagnosis of the tachycardia? Intracardiac tracings are shown in Figure 3. Administration of 6 mg of intravenous adenosine consistently resulted in termination of the tachycardia. Attempts to entrain the tachycardia by right atrial pacing were unsuccessful. Catheter manipulation in the right ventricle during tachycardia resulted in transient right bundle branch block (RBBB) with delayed activation recorded at the RV apex. A premature ventricular beat was introduced at a time when the His bundle was refractory, demonstrated in Figure 4. What is the mechanism of the tachycardia determined at EP study?


This paper discusses the aeroacoustics of helicopter rotors on the basis of results from recent rotor model testing in acoustic wind tunnels and illustrates how this knowledge is utilized to both improve theoretical prediction capabilities and provide guidance towards the design (and operation) of acoustically less intrusive helicopters. To this end the current understanding of discrete frequency and broadband rotor noise generation and radiation is described for a number of important operational conditions both in terms of the farfield acoustic propagation and of the underlying source mechanisms. The use of wind tunnel experimental results in furthering theoretical approaches to predict rotor noise are briefly discussed. Efforts towards rotor noise reduction are treated and an outlook is given on promising areas of further rotor noise research.


Oil shale from the Green River Formation has been studied in pyrolysis experiments for many years at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The purpose of these experiments has been to better understand the process of extraction and to calculate rates and amounts of oil formation for a variety of pyrolysis conditions. Recently we have developed a detailed computer model that can accurately predict the rates and amounts of chemical products (or species) developed at heating rates, temperatures, and pressures prevalent in different kinds of oil shale retort processes. We tested the fundamental accuracy of this model by extending the range of heating rates and temperatures from laboratory conditions to those prevalent in a geologic basin. In this paper geophysical and geologic data are used to develop a time-temperature history of the kerogen-rich lithologies of the Uinta Basin. The geologic model is then used as the data set to characterize conversion of the kerogen to various hydrocarbon products through time. The end result is a prediction of the present-day kerogen maturity level for various depths and locations within the Altamont-Bluebell and Redwash oil fields of the Uinta Basin. We then compare these results with maturity data from material extracted from the oilmore » fields. Predicted maturity levels of the evolved hydrocarbons in the basin agree well with measured maturity levels. We feel that this agreement gives us confidence in the general applicability of the pyrolysis model. 18 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.« less


Objective:To explore the nursing of internal arteriovenous fistula in patients with hemodialysis.Methods:A retrospective analyzed of 106 cases of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients and the related nursing measures.Results:In 94 patients with internal arteriovenous fistula use was good,and 12 cases of fistula blockage,pseudoaneurysm and other complications.Conclusion:Rational use of arteriovenous fistula,do a good job of scientific nursing,can prolong the service life of internal arteriovenous fistula,protect patient′s lifeline.


In modern era of materlism there is increase in the diseases, the increase in diseases lead to the increase in workload in hospitals which in turn causes the burnout in the staff especially in the nursing staff, hence proven to the psychological and psychiatric disorder of burns syndrome. The staff which is under the effect of burnout is proven to the fact of lack of interest in work, maleficence, practioner errors etc. It effects both personal and professional life of the staff. The emotional breakdown and disturbance are evident from the fact that there are frequent fights and quarrels with peer and patients in the ward. Hence there should be intervention from both Government and peer groups to relieve this problem of burn-outs to boost the morals and the profession in general.


Modification of concrete properties by the addition of appropriate materials is a popular field of concrete research. In this study we are focusing on the use of selected waste of steel industry (steel slag) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in the production of concrete. In this research study, concretes were made with steel slag as substitution for raw fine aggregate. Fine aggregate was replaced by these wastes in different proportions (20%, 40%, & 60 %,) by weight of fine aggregate. The aim of this study is to investigate the compressive strength, split tensile strength and Material properties of concrete with steel chips as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. The experimental results indicates that, the concrete mixed with steel chips have better strength than conventional concrete, while in the case of concrete mixed with the scale of 40%, it attains the maximum strength. KeywordFine Aggregates, Steel Slag, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength __________________________________________________________________________________________________


This study is a review of literature where we can find a variety of information regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the basics of a cardiorespiratory arrest and sequences of intervention both basic life support and advanced life support are exposed, similarly referred to of used maneuvers, the necessary equipment, and emphasis is constant in the training of health personnel in this case of the technologists in pre-hospital care. We hope that with collecting this information we can strengthen further our knowledge and other health personnel involved in the subject to understand the importance of training every day.


A model of a discrete pregeometry on a microscopic scale is introduced. This model is a finite network of finite elementary processes. The mathematical description is a d-graph that is a generalization of a graph. This is the particular case of a causal set. The aim of this study is to construct the particles as emergent structures. The particles in this model must be cyclic processes. The general dynamics and several examples are given. A simple dynamics generates a hierarchy of cyclic processes. An algebraic representation of this dynamics is given. It is based on the algebra of creation and destruction operators. Loops are described by bosonic operators and causal connections are described by fermionic operators.


Due to the excellent feature learning and representation capabilities of deep learning, the method based on deep learning for mobile phone screen defect detection is gradually being applied to industrial detection. Nowadays, the cross-entropy loss commonly used in deep learning only focuses on the differences between different classes with less intra-class differences. It leads to poor discriminantive ability of the model when the similarity between training samples is high. The contrastive loss reduces the intra-class variations and can distinguish between similar objects from different classes. Given the above analysis, we propose a Siamese network for mobile phone screen defect detection (SMSDD) using combined contrastive loss and cross-entropy loss, thereby enhancing the discriminative ability of model. Numerical results show that SMSDD achieves comparable performance.