The main aim of this study is to examine cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards traffic safety, risk assessment and risk taking behavior between Russian and Norwegian car drivers. The results of the present study are based on self-completion questionnaire of Russian (N = 299) and Norwegian (N = 247) car drivers above 18 years old. The results show cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards traffic safety, risk assessment and risk taking behavior and potential for further improvements for traffic safety. In addition, the study found that attitudes towards traffic safety determine risk taking behavior in both countries. Based on these results, the article also discusses need to implement prevention program


The present invention relates to a frequency gain mismatch compensation method in a PLL direct modulator and a modulator. PLL direct modulator of the present invention, the phase-in PLL direct modulator including a frequency detector (PFD), charge pump (CP), a loop filter, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), a frequency divider and a sigma-delta modulator, and the frequency divider between the VCO has minute receives the frequency signal from the cycle, for receiving the modulated data supplied from the outside additional frequency gain mismatch compensation for modulating the frequency of the VCO is provided. This according to the invention, it is possible to reduce the frequency gain mismatch of the modulator by compensating for the frequency in the PLL gain mismatch gain mismatch compensation by a frequency unit.


I am passionate about addressing themental health crisis in the U.S. and many other countries around the world. Anxiety, depression, and suicide, as well as abuse and overuse of certain CNS drugs, such as benzodiazepines and opioids, are destroying lives, families, and communities. There is a lot of room for improvement in the CNS sector – room tomake a difference in the lives ofmillions of patients, their families, and caregivers – with differentiated, new-generation drugs that work faster and have fewer side effects and safety concerns than current drug treatment alternatives. In my nearly three decades of experience working in the biopharmaceutical, contract research and healthcare venture capital sectors, I have seen, time and time again, that many complex CNS disorders, such as depression, pain, social anxiety, and suicidal ideation, remain high unmet medical needs for countless patients who are suffering with inadequate alternatives. Unfortunately, for many neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases and disorders, there is no 'one size fits all' solution. Still, new generation treatment alternatives are emerging, and there is reason to believe new hope is on the horizon. Our team at VistaGen is committed to developing and bringing tomarket faster-acting, safer andmore convenient treatment options for numerous CNS diseases and disorders that we believe affect millions of patients worldwide but are inadequately addressed with the treatment options currently available to them today. New generation medicines, like the ones in VistaGen's pipeline, have the potential to drive real, meaningful change to a sector of the biopharmaceutical industry that has seen little innovation in decades. Our goal is tomake a difference for patients across a wide range of CNS diseases and disorders and, in doing so, deliver extraordinary value to our stakeholders.


Macrophage recognition and disposal of neutrophils are important steps in the resolution of inflammation. Externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the cell surface serves as a common recognition signal for macrophages and is associated with the apoptosis program in neutrophils. Here, we report that macrophage‐differentiated PLB‐985 cells induce rapid, caspase‐independent PS externalization in human neutrophils. A similar degree of PS externalization was seen when neutrophils were cocultured with gp91phox‐deficient PLB‐985 macrophages, thus demonstrating that macrophage‐induced PS externalization was NADPH oxidase‐independent. Macrophage‐induced PS externalization required cell‐to‐cell contact and kinase activation and was shown to correlate with neutrophil degranulation. Of note, the degree of engulfment of such PS‐positive neutrophils by activated human monocyte‐derived macrophages was considerably lower than for neutrophils undergoing constitutive apoptosis, indicating that PS externalization alone is not sufficient for macrophage disposal of neutrophils. However, addition of recombinant milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8, a PS‐binding protein, restored engulfment of the macrophage‐cocultured target cells. Finally, neutrophils undergoing spontaneous apoptosis but not macrophage‐cocultured neutrophils displayed surface expression and release of annexin I, and the addition of N‐t‐Boc‐Phe‐D‐Leu‐Phe‐D‐Leu‐Phe (Boc1), a formyl peptide receptor/lipoxin receptor antagonist, suppressed clearance of apoptotic neutrophils. Conditioned medium from apoptotic neutrophils also promoted the engulfment of macrophage‐cocultured neutrophils, and Boc1 blocked this process. Taken together, these studies highlight a novel pathway of PS externalization in primary human neutrophils and also provide evidence for an auxiliary function of annexin I in macrophage clearance of neutrophils.


The effects of frequently used grapevine insecticides and fungicides on adults of the predatory beetle Nephus 'boschianus' of vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret), were determined under laboratory conditions. When applied as cover sprays the pesticides chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr and mercaptothion were very toxic to the predator, whilst the fungicides penconazole, fosetyl-Al, mancozeb and an insecticidal soap plus oil mixture were harmless. These results suggest that the insecticides may be harmful to a biological control system where N. 'boschianus' populations were dominant during the season. The three fungicides and the soap plus oil mixture, however, should be compatible with biological control by N. 'boschianus'.


Sticking of gas-phase methanol on different cold surfaces – gold, 13CO, and amorphous solid water (ASW) ice – was studied as a function of surface temperature (7–40 K). In an ultrahigh-vacuum system, reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature-programmed desorption methods were simultaneously used to measure methanol sticking efficiency. Methanol band strengths obtained by RAIRS vary greatly depending on the type of the surface. Nevertheless, both methods indicate that the sticking of methanol on different surfaces varies with surface temperature. The sticking efficiency decreases by 30${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ as the surface temperature goes from 7 to 16 K, then gradually increases until the temperature is 40 K, reaching approximately the initial value found at 7 K. The sticking of methanol differs slightly from one surface to another. At low temperature, it has the lowest values on gold, intermediate values on water ice, and the highest values are found on CO ice, although these differences are smaller than those observed with temperature variation. There exists probably a turning point during the structural organization of methanol ice at 16 K, which makes the capture of methanol from the gas phase less efficient. We wonder if this observation could explain the surprising high abundance of gaseous methanol observed in dense interstellar cores, where it should accrete on grains. In this regard, a 30${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ reduction of the sticking is not sufficient in itself but transposed to astrophysical conditions dominated by cold gas (∼15 K), which could reduce the sticking efficiency by two orders of magnitude.


This paper is mainly a semi-tutorial introduction to elementary algebraic topology and its applications to Ising-type models of statistical physics, using graphical models of linear and group codes. It contains new material on systematic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(n, k)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> group codes and their information sets; normal realizations of homology and cohomology spaces; dual and hybrid models; and connections with system-theoretic concepts, such as observability, controllability, and input/output realizations.


Quantifying glucose production and glycogen flux, especially during a glucose challenge, should inform on the underlying nature of glucose intolerance and therein support therapeutic programs aimed at improving the regulation of blood glucose. Unfortunately, studies of glucose flux under conditions of a metabolic non‐steady state have proven difficult; although temporal changes in glucose concentration reflect the difference between the rates of input and output, quantification of specific rates has proved challenging. We aimed to determine the suitability of methods for phenotyping glucose homeostasis in rodents. First, we found that the oxidation of [6,6‐2H]glucose, normalized for insulin, yields data which are consistent with expected insulin resistance phenotypes. However, this method does not yield information regarding the contribution of specific tissues and/or pathways to the observed phenotype and simple non‐tracer based measures of glucose and insulin yield equivalent insight. Second, we were able to quantify tissue‐specific glucose uptake using a combination of 2‐deoxyglucose and mass‐balance methods during a glucose tolerance test; combining this with measures of the temporal change of plasma glucose labeling therein allows one to infer a glucose flux index, i.e. the relative suppression of endogenous glucose production and the tissue‐specific uptake. Last, we demonstrate hepatic glycogen cycling in rodents suggesting an important biochemical trait of glucose metabolism which translates between rodents and humans.


This paper addresses the problems of relay selection, clustering, and routing to extend the lifetime of wireless body area networks. We first propose an efficient algorithm called "Energy‐aware Relay Selection and Cluster‐based Routing (ERSCR)" to develop a hybrid data aggregation tree in the network. ERSCR has three phases, including the relay selection, clustering and Cluster Head (CH) selection, and data transmission. It divides the biosensors into several clusters and selects an appropriate CH for each cluster. Each biosensor transmits data to its CH or relay node. The aggregated data are then routed to the sink through an energy‐balanced routing tree. The proposed scheme considers both residual energy and distance for routing data of biosensors. It not only reduces the energy consumption in the network but also balances the energy consumed by different biosensors. Subsequently, we improve the ERSCR algorithm and introduce the "Joint Relay Selection, Clustering, and Routing (JRSCR)" algorithm to achieve a better network performance. JRSCR benefits from the advantages of the ERSCR algorithm. Moreover, it reduces the number of transmissions with the direct use of the relay nodes as CH. As another advantage, both ERSCR and JRSCR algorithms are compatible with the natural physical states of the human body. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, and maximum hop count.


The scientific community assigns credit or "priority" to individuals who publish an important discovery first. We examine the impact of losing a priority race (colloquially known as getting "scooped") on subsequent publication and career outcomes. To do so, we take advantage of data from structural biology where the nature of the scientific process together with the Protein Data Bank — a repository of standardized research discoveries — enables us to identify priority races and their outcomes. We find that race winners receive more attention than losers, but that these contests are not winner-take-all. Scooped teams are 2.5 percent less likely to publish, are 18 percent less likely to appear in a top-10 journal, and receive 20 percent fewer citations. As a share of total citations, we estimate that scooped papers receive a credit share of 45 percent. This is larger than the theoretical benchmark of zero percent suggested by classic models of innovation races. We conduct a survey of structural biologists which suggests that active scientists are more pessimistic about the cost of getting scooped than can be justified by the data. Much of the citation effect can be explained by journal placement, suggesting editors and reviewers are key arbiters of academic priority. Getting scooped has only modest effects on academic careers. Finally, we present a simple model of statistical discrimination in academic attention to explain how the priority reward system reinforces inequality in science, and document empirical evidence consistent with our model. On the whole, these estimates inform both theoretical models of innovation races and suggest opportunities to re-evaluate the policies and institutions that affect credit allocation in science. ∗We are very grateful to our advisors Heidi Williams, Amy Finkelstein, Pierre Azoulay, and Josh Angrist for their invaluable mentoring and support. This paper has also benefited from feedback and suggestions from David Autor, Sydnee Caldwell, Jane Choi, Colin Gray, Madeline McKelway, Tamar Oostrom, Christina Patterson, Jim Poterba, Otis Reid, Jon Roth, Adrienne Sabety, Cory Smith, Ariella Kahn-Lang Spitzer, Scott Stern, Liyang Sun, Sean Wang, and many participants in the MIT Labor and Public Finance Seminar. We especially thank Scott Strobel, Stephen Burley, and Steve Cohen for detailed advice about structural biology and the Protein Data Bank. Haiyi Zhang provided excellent research assistance. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 1122374 (Hill and Stein) and the National Institute of Aging under Grant No. T32-AG000186 (Stein). We apologize to any authors that were inadvertently scooped by this paper; we hope that they also receive their due share of recognition. †Northwestern Kellogg School of Management, firstname.lastname@example.com ‡MIT Economics Department, firstname.lastname@example.com. Both authors contributed equally.


Results are reported for a set of slow-time-scale single-moded and fast-time-scale single-mode and multimode simulations of the transient-mode excitation phenomena in a short-pulse high-peak-power Ka-band gyrotron oscillator experiment. Both the slow- and fast-time-scale single-mode simulations are generally in good agreement with each other, and, within experimental uncertainties, with the experimental observations of the time dependence and magnetic-field dependence of 35-GHz emission in the TE/sub 62/ mode. However, the multimode simulations suggest the presence of mode suppression, mode beating, and other nonlinear multimode phenomena that could not easily by observed in the experiment, and generally agree less well with the experimental measurements than the single-mode simulations. The multimode simulations also suggest that steady-state behavior may not be obtainable with the highly time-dependent voltage waveform employed in the experiment, and indicate the importance of carrying out future high-voltage gyrotron experiments with less highly transient voltage waveforms. >


We tested the effect of light absence on the growth rate in Pichochlorum Oklahomense by taking light out of the environment and introducing light in the environment. Does the cell count increase or decrease with the absence of light.


The nature of the propagation center in the cationic polymerization of N-benzoyl-8-octanelactam initiated by octanoylium hexachlcroantimonate, SbCl5, and Ph3CAsF6 in perdeuterated tetrachloroethane or its mixture with o-dichlorobenzene was studied using 1H, 13C, 19F, 31P, 75As, and 121Sb nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of model oligomers and the products of their end-capping with triphenylphosphine. In all cases, the nature of the propagation center has been found to be of an acylium ion pair with an SbCl6− or AsF6− counterion coordinated with the nearest benzoylamide group and cosolvated by the solvent. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Light trapping is crucial for thin film silicon solar cells and is often achieved by expensive, clean-room intensive nano-patterning methods. In this work, nanostructured silicon thin films were realized by direct deposition on substrates with nanoscale features prepared by simple and scalable fabrication based on electrochemical methods and wet etching. A broadband and angle-insensitive absorption enhancement of thin film silicon was observed. The photocurrent density shows improvements up to ∼40% in the AM 1.5 spectrum when comparing to the same thin film silicon deposited on smooth substrates. This approach not only demonstrates the advantage of simple fabrication but also has potential for ultra thin film photovoltaic applications.


We would like to thank Professors Jaimez and Sanchez for their letter of response commenting on our recent summary of evaluation and outcome of our first 200 unexplained cardiac arrest probands.1 We would first like to point out that we excluded patients with a manifest diagnosis, so none of these patients had overt evidence of an ion channelopathy or cardiomyopathy that are typically both readily diagnosed and treated. This is reflected in our empirical strength of diagnosis framework, which is necessary when a classic diagnosis is not forthcoming.2 In addition, registries do not mandate care but rather capture it, and reflect the reality of practice with the vagaries of contextual clinical decision making.

In response to the concerns about the incidence of shocks and the inefficacy of medical therapy, it is important to point out the difference between efficacy and effectiveness. Without …


In an effort to alleviate traffic problems and to create a transportation system that keeps pace with traffic growth, the City of Springfield and the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) have designed and are implementing an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) created specifically to complement Springfield's unique Interjurisdictional roadway/signal system. This interjurisdictional system includes over 240 traffic signals and 1083 center lane miles of roadway that are jointly maintained by the City of Springfield and the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT). The Springfield/MoDOT joint ITS project has been designed to incorporate a computerized signal system, transportation information network, and traffic monitoring system that has community wide educational value. Several goals and objectives have been established in order to create the most effective and cost efficient ITS project. These goals reflect community needs and interests while utilizing state-of-the-art technology. As the Intelligent Transportation System project has progressed from its inception in the 1980's, the City/MoDOT have successfully achieved many of the goals set forth for transportation management/optimization


Information on a study conducted by the FIU Libraries to help us learn how students use online information. Help us help you!


This paper investigates the changes in sensory neural activity during exoskeleton control. Exoskeletons are becoming reliable tools for neurorehabilitation, as recent studies have shown that their use enhances neural plasticity. However, the specific neural correlates associated with exoskeleton control have not yet been described in detail. Therefore, in this pilot study, our aim was to investigate the effects of different pavement textures on the neural signals of participants (n = 5) while controlling a lower limb ExoAtlet®-powered exoskeleton. Subjects were instructed to walk on various types of pavements, including a flat surface, carpet, foam, and rubber circles, both with and without the exoskeleton. This setup resulted in eight different experimental conditions for classification (i.e., Exoskeleton/No Exoskeleton in one of four different pavements). Four-minute Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded in each condition: (i) the power of the signals was compared for electrodes C3 and C4 across different conditions (Exoskeleton/No Exoskeleton on different pavements), and (ii) the signals were classified using four models: the linear support vector machine (L-SVM), the K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and the artificial neural network (ANN). the results of power analysis showed increases and decreases in power within the delta frequency bands in electrodes C3 and C4 across the various conditions. The results of comparison between classifiers revealed that LDA exhibited the highest performance with an accuracy of 85.71%. These findings support the notion that the sensory processing of pavement textures during exoskeleton control is associated with changes in the delta band of the C3 and C4 electrodes. From the results, it is concluded that the use of classifiers, such as LDA, allow for a better offline classification of different textures in EEG signals, with and without exoskeleton control, than the analysis of power in different frequency bands.


Ajioka and Kushner[1][1] make the point that ascertainment bias is the reason for the finding of low clinical penetrance in some studies of the incidence of hemochromatosis. They explain how they have avoided ascertainment bias in their study of hemochromatosis families by studying clinically


PageRank is one of the most commonly used techniques for ranking nodes in a network. It is a special case of a family of link-based rankings, commonly referred to as functional rankings. Functional rankings are computed as power series of a stochastic matrix derived from the adjacency matrix of the graph. This general formulation of functional rankings enables their use in diverse applications, ranging from traditional search applications to identification of spam and outliers in networks. This paper presents a novel algorithmic (re)formulation of commonly used functional rankings, such as LinearRank, TotalRank and Generalized Hyperbolic Rank. These rankings can be approximated by finite series representations. We prove that polynomials of stochastic matrices can be expressed as products of Google matrices (matrices having the form used in Google's original PageRank formulation). Individual matrices in these products are parameterized by different damping factors. For this reason, we refer to our formulation as multidamping. We demonstrate that multidamping has a number of desirable characteristics: (i) for problems such as finding the highest ranked pages, multidamping admits extremely fast approximate solutions; (ii) multidamping provides an intuitive interpretation of existing functional rankings in terms of the surfing habits of model web users; (iii) multidamping provides a natural framework based on Monte Carlo type methods that have efficient parallel and distributed implementations. It also provides the basis for constructing new link-based rankings based on inhomogeneous products of Google matrices. We present algorithms for computing damping factors for existing functional rankings analytically and numerically. We validate various benefits of multidamping on a number of real datasets.


Abstract We aimed to study the efficacy of levothyroxine (L-T4) liquid formulation in comparison to L-T4 tablets, in patients recently submitted to total thyroidectomy, without malabsorption or drug interference issues. In this study 140 patients were included: 70 received liquid L-T4 formulation; 70 took L-T4 tablets using the same dosage (1.5 mcg/kg/day). The day after surgery, patients received the treatment with L-T4 that was administered 30 min before breakfast. For both the groups of patients thyrotropic hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3), after 6 weeks (1st control), and then after 12 weeks (2nd control), were evaluated. In the liquid L-T4 group TSH values were significantly lower, in comparison to the tablet L-T4 group, in both the first (P < 0.05) and the second control (P < 0.01), while no significant differences were observed for FT4 and FT3. The prevalence of patients in the hypothyroid range (TSH>3.6 mcU/ml) was higher in the L-T4 tablet group with respect to the liquid L-T4 group. In conclusion, these data suggest a better control of TSH levels by liquid L-T4 (versus L-T4 tablets) in patients previously undergone to total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer without issues of drug interference, malabsorption, or gastric disorders.


The invention discloses a conical head sleeve for a laboratory rat in the field of a laboratory appliance. The conical head sleeve comprises a framework, wherein a leather sleeve covers the outside of the framework; the framework comprises a left half frame, a right half frame and a rotating shaft; the left half frame is movably connected with the right half frame through the rotating shaft; a fixed frame is respectively arranged on the outer side edge of each of the left half frame and the right half frame in the length direction; the two fixed frames are in symmetrical arrangement by using the rotating shaft as an axis; a flexible connecting rod is connected onto each of the two fixed frames; a fixed ear stud is movably connected onto each of the two flexible connecting rods; the two fixed ear studs are in a collineation state in the length direction; one end of each fixed ear stud is made into a sharp end inserted into the rat ear; a finger ring used for fixing a finger of an experiment person is fixedly connected onto the rotating shaft; at least one fixing rack is fixedly connected onto the outer side in the length direction of the left half frame; a fixing buckle matched with the fixing rack in a buckling and connecting way is connected onto the right half frame. Through the blocking by the leather sleeve, the stab wound probability of the finger of the experiment person by the teeth of the laboratory rat is reduced; the finger of the experiment person can also conveniently realize the tight holding according to the concrete shape of the head of the laboratory rat.


This report provides an overview of codes and standards related to stationary fuel cell applications and identifies gaps and resolutions associated with relative codes and standards.


PURPOSE
To report unique retinal fundus lesions and treatment outcomes of intraocular tuberculosis in patients under anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment.

METHODS
Retrospective review of two patients with laboratorial evidence of tuberculosis who had bilateral ocular signs and symptoms not attributable to other diseases. Multimodal imaging was analyzed at the time of presentation and after the treatment initiation. The study patients underwent standard treatment for tuberculosis.

RESULTS
Clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with the diagnosis of presumed tuberculosis. Color fundus photograph revealed the presence of multifocal yellowish retinal spots in the study eyes. On fluorescein angiography, the retinal lesions seen on color fundus photograph showed early hypofluorescence with progressive staining of its edges. Occlusive vasculitis with peripheral nonperfusion was also observed in both cases. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated increased reflectivity and thickness on the topography of retinitis lesions. After specific antibiotic treatment for tuberculosis, there was complete disappearance of the retinal lesions in all study eyes.

CONCLUSION
We report two unique cases of bilateral presumed intraocular tuberculosis presenting as multifocal retinitis in patients under biologic agent treatment. Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents may be related to unusual fundus manifestations of tuberculosis.


Abstract : This study examines what changes need to be made in U.S. strategy, policy, and programs in order to prevent a nuclear attack on its space-based assets. The study was inspired by an event, which occurred during the Army After Next Winter Wargame conducted at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, in the winter of 1997. Although this attack took place in a wargame set in the year 2020, the threat is relevant today. As the proliferation of nuclear weapons continues, the possibility of a rogue nation using a nuclear weapon as what has been called the "cheapest form of ASAT" (Anti-satellite Weapon) is a contingency that the political and military leaders of the U.S. cannot dismiss. This study will review the technical aspects of the use of nuclear weapons in space, deterrence, strategy, and policy issues that affect such an attack. Finally, this thesis will identify the gaps in U.S. strategy and policy and demonstrate how these same gaps potentially leave the U.S. vulnerable to this form of attack in the present time frame. It concludes that the nation cannot currently prevent a nuclear attack on its space-based assets, the best it can achieve is to attempt to deter such an attack and limit the effects should deterrence fail. It proposes what is needed to augment the mission of space.


A new CLIC main‐linac accelerating‐structure design, HDS (Hybrid Damped Structure), with improved high‐gradient performance, efficiency and simplicity of fabrication is presented. The gains are achieved in part through a new cell design which includes fully‐profiled rf surfaces optimized to minimize surface fields, and hybrid damping using both iris slots and radial waveguides. The slotted irises allow a simple structure fabrication in quadrants with no rf currents across joints, a reduced number of pieces per structure (only 4) and a reduced surface requiring precise machining. Further gains are achieved through a new structure optimization procedure, which simultaneously balances surface fields, power flow, short and long‐range transverse wakefields and rf‐to‐beam efficiency. The optimization of a 30 GHz structure with a loaded accelerating gradient of 150 MV/m results in a bunch spacing of eight rf cycles and 31 % rf‐to‐beam efficiency.


This paper introduces computerized simulation to find the configuration of the focal spot of radiology systems in different locations of the X-ray field. Results of simulations were compared to tests made in different radiology units. Comparison between simulated and experimental data were in good agreement, therefore confirming that the proposed simulation model is appropriate.


This is a brief survey of some recently developed micromechanical modeling methods and certain results concerning the overall thermomechanical response and average local fields in both elastic and inelastic composite materials with extensions to laminated plates.


of 36 are presented. For 30 species, photos of habitus and/or male genitalia are provided, for three species, male calling signal oscillograms are given. Almost all species can be classified into three groups: species found in European Russia on the western or eastern borders of their ranges, cryptic revealed due to bioacoustic investigations, and invasive species introduced to European Russia with cultivated plants.


Introduction Molecular multiply excited resonances in the extreme ultraviolet regime are highly correlated systems in which the electronic and nuclear motions strongly couple due to interactions with many electronic continua. Their formation and decay is hence of great importance in collision physics. However, such resonances in inner valence range have been hardly observed by ordinary photoabsorption or photoionization spectroscopies because direct ionization processes dominate the spectra. Recently we have developed (γ, 2γ) method for investigating the formation and decay of multiply excited resonances: two fluorescence photons from fragment atoms, hν' and hν" in photodissociation process (1), are detected in coincidence to eliminate direct ionization and observe spectral features due to multiply excited states [13]. AB+hν → AB** → A*+B* → A+hν'+B+hν" (1) In the present study the (γ, 2γ) method has been applied to molecular nitrogen.


The thermal resistance of electronic components is known to often differ considerably between standard test conditions and those found in service. One way to correct for this is to use multi-parameter thermal resistances. Another, presented here, is to adjust the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance to take account of operational conditions. For forced convection, two factors are proposed to take account of these conditions; the first is due to any upstream aerodynamic disturbance, and the second is due to any purely thermal interaction. Thus, for an upstream powered component, the two factors are combined. It is shown that both factors may be quantified in terms of readily measured temperatures and then used as coefficients to adjust the standard thermal resistance to operational conditions. To overcome current problems with the definition of an electronic package thermal resistance, it is redefined to include both the resistance of the package and its thermal footprint on the board. New data is presented for an array of board mounted 160-lead devices, showing how the factors vary with component position, nondimensional power distribution and Reynolds number.


Object tracking is an important task in CMOS camera and color tracking robot. For object tracking, a camera is often utilized to obtain information of construction vehicle motion which can then be employed in coordination controls. Therefore FPGA technology is applied to the prototypical tracking system for vehicles by using a CMOS camera to detect their color tags. We designed the proposed an architecture using VHDL and implementing the design in a Diligent Nexys2 FPGA. FPGA circuit presented in this paper can track a solid color object in a scene when it receives as input a digitized PAL/NTSC stream. Then we capture the video from a camera, process it on FPGA and then display it on a 3.2' display.


This study aims at analyzing the conflicts among stakeholders concerned with urban redevelopment projects of the Yongsan region 4, which is investigated by using the political network analysis. The analysis process can be divided into three steps: the starting period, emerging period, and deepening period. The economic factors, residents participation, and the absence of conflicts coordinator are investigated in order to find out the reasons for conflicts in each step. The demand for consulting about achieving economic compensation, the expansion and guarantee of participation chances, and the conflicts' adjustment and arbitration are necessary for smooth redevelopment.


High-frequency (HF) radio communication has been recognized as the primary means for long-range wireless communications since the advent of radio. With its unique features, HF communication continues to be used for a wide range of civilian, government and military applications as a powerful alternative to a myriad of more sophisticated communication systems. However demanding requirements of high-speed data communications impose new requirements on the HF system design and innovative approaches are required. In this paper, building upon the promising concept of cooperative transmission, we investigate the performance of a multicarrier coded HF system with amplify-and-forward relaying. Specifically, we consider orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) and demonstrate the achievable diversity through the derivation of pairwise error probability. We also conduct Monte Carlo simulations to confirm the analytical derivations and present performance comparisons.


Analysis of a general s h e l l of revolution with a r b i t r a r y loading and boundary conditions using the F i n i t e Element approach, well-suited for use with the electronic computer, i s presented. The s h e l l i s approximated •by an assemblage of f l a t , e q u i l a t e r a l trapezoids and isosceles triangles connected to each other at the corners. The assumptions involved i n transforming a piece of plate into a f i n i t e element are defined. Uncoupled plane stress and flexure s t i f f n e s s matrices for the above-mentioned shapes of the f i n i t e elements are derived from considerations of ( i ) s t a t i c s , and ( i i ) v i r t u a l work (energy). Sta t i c s matrices are asymmetric with the exception of the t r i a n g l e plane stress s t i f f n e s s matrix. However, i t i s important to note that irrespective of the size of the trapezoid element, i n conditions of uniform stress the nodal forces s a t i s f y Betti's reciprocal theorem. When a trapezoid reduces to a rectangle, the asymmetry of plane stress and flexure s t i f f n e s s matrices disappears. Asymmetry of the Statics matrix i s removed by averaging the matrix and i t s transpose. This process corresponds to introducing s e l f e q u i l i b r a t ing nodal forces which disappear i n conditions of uniform stress. Suitable d i r e c t i o n cosine matrices are derived to transform the displacements and forces from the element coordinate system to the s h e l l coordinate system. The accuracy of the formulation i s demonstrated i n several examples by comparing the f i n i t e element solution v/ith the e l a s t i c i t y s o l ution. The comparison suggests convergence of the results to the correct solution on reduction of the element s i z e . DEDICATED TO MY PARENTS SHANTI DEVI AND GOVIND DAS AGRAWAL


In complex, open quantum systems, with many degrees of freedom, it is difficult to start a Markovian dynamics, let alone prepare a factorized system-environment state. Rather, the Markovian dynamics is an intertwining map of a completely positive (CP) non-Markovian dynamics. The Markovian master equation is usually not CP as such, and should be left alone if it works adequately well. Here we study how the intertwining Markovian dynamics can still be well approximated by a CP map. A coherent quantum dynamics can be systematically approximated by the CP, Geometric Arithmetic Master Equation (GAME), but this is not the case for an incoherent dynamics. This dichotomy is responsible for disagreeing claims if a CP Markovian master equation cannot have systematic accuracy. As an example, we show how the dynamical decoupling of a qubit breaks the perturbative, intertwining map, while fixing the accuracy of the GAME to near-exactness.


The midgut of the caterpillar, Manduca sexta, is an obligatorily aerobic tissue that is fated to be destroyed at larval‐pupal metamorphosis. Top‐down metabolic control analysis has revealed that the substrate oxidation system (metabolite transporters, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain) confers most of the control over mitochondrial oxygen consumption and the activity of this system is greatly depressed during the early stages of metamorphosis (Am. J. Physiol. 287:R314–R321). In order to determine if there are metamorphic changes in the electron transport chain, the maximal activities of Complexes I, II, III and IV (cytochrome c oxidase) were determined in mitochondria isolated from midguts of feeding fifth instar larvae (day 2) and larvae committed to pupation (day 5 "wandering larvae"). The activity of Complex IV was determined polargraphically, whereas the activities of the other complexes were measured spectrophotometrically. There were no significant changes in the activities of Complexes I, II, and III during development. In contrast, cytochrome c oxidase activity was 38% higher in mitochondria isolated from pre‐commitment larvae compared to that of wandering larvae. If, however, these activities are normalized to cytochrome aa3 content, there is no difference in cytochome c oxidase activity. These results indicate that the loss of cytochrome aa3 from the mitochondria is responsible for the decline in cytochrome c oxidase activity and this loss may play a part in the inhibition of the substrate oxidation system that occurs early in metamorphosis.


ment relationship as well as address a need to truly integrate environmental data with research in problem-oriented archaeology. The multidisciplinary, team-based character of environmental archaeology, in the view of the assemblers of this anthology, embraces aspects of earth and biological sciences in a pursuit of an understanding of behavior sensu lato embedded in the archaeological record. It is an archaeology that looks beyond the material culture to reveal what it connotes about the people who left it. This paradigm rests heavily upon the framework of Karl Butzer's archaeology as human ecology, the contextual approach of which is an interdisciplinary bridge that melds the many elements of an environmental archaeology. But the content of some of the contributions to this volume is admittedly multidisciplinary, rather than interdisciplinary. As such, the articles make methodological statements but their content does not focus on method; their instructive value is in the ways by which analyses are interpreted. Recurring themes among and within the 20 chapters are the systemic relationships between humans and the physical-biological world, nutrition and health, strategies for resource acquisition, domestication, exchange systems, and the emergence of social complexity. The chapters, each with its own list of references, are organized into five parts preceded by brief introductions. A diverse spectrum of topics is pursued in environments ranging from the hyperaridity of Death Valley to the tropical forests of Ecuador. The topics themselves range from middens in the Pacific Northwest to middens on the central Andean coast, from the Archaic period to the historic, from migration to sedentism, from parasites to people, from fishermen to horticulturalists, from latrines to isotopes. The first chapter sweeps through the disciplines that are viewed as integral to environmental archaeology. The four subfields of environmental archaeology are, arguably, archaeobotany, bioarchaeology (human remains), the earth sciences, and zooarchaeology (non-human remains). Bioand zooarchaeology are most extensively represented here since many of the contributors acknowledge the influence of Elizabeth S. Wing, to whom the book is dedicated. The listing of earth sciences is extensive (archaeogeology, archaeological geology, archaeometry, archaeopedology ("the study of ancient soils"), geoarchaeology, geomorphology, and sedimentology with a focus on size class distributions) but uncritically assembled, reflecting a failure to appreciate the distinction between the practitioner as an archaeologist, or as an earth scientist. Still, the interaction of people in the four subdisciplines is "probably the most significant factor in the field (of environmental archaeology) today" [p. 12]. In Chapter 2, William Marquardt shows that enhanced archaeological productivity results from the wider range of perspectives and questions that is introduced by multidisciplinary, team research. He recounts how this approach in sw Florida overturned four postulates of the regional preColumbian archaeology, among them the realization that coastal/estuarine habitation was year-around--a topic visited in a later article by Russo and Quitmyer. Archaeological work also corroborated an independently determined, rev ionist interpretation of sea levels of the first millennium A.C. in this coastal area. More attention needs to be


The lubricating winding method to improve the heat rolling griping rolling surface, features in the bumping layer of lubricating film between the gripping roller and strip steel. It uses QUAKEROL serial lubricants. Using this lubricants, winding gripping rolling surface has been greatly improved. It is simple in operation and good in effect.


We present a previously unreported case of near-haploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Cytogenetic analysis of a 16-year-old Caucasian male detected the presence of two near-haploid cell lines in addition to a chromosomally normal cell line. The karyotypes of the near-haploid lines were very similar to those previously reported in the literature: 27,X,+8,+18,+20,+21 and 26,X,+8,+18,+21. Near-haploid ( 50 chromosomes) during cytogenetic analysis may represent clonal evolution of a previous near-haploid cell line. These cases are distinct from the common >50 ALL sub-group generally associated with a consistent pattern of chromosome retention and loss. Most chromosomesmore » are present as a single copy, except chromosomes 8, 10, 14, 18, 21 and the sex chromosomes, which are often disomic. Because of the important prognostic implications of the near-haploid subgroup of ALL, we propose cytogenetic guidelines technologists should utilize to identify a potential near-haploid ALL patient and to detect the presence of near-haploid metaphases during microscopic analysis.« less


Background Helicobacter pylori infection has been implicated strongly in the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma, but the reasons for these widely different clinical outcomes are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether these differences could be due in part to mixed infection in the same individual, with bacteria having differences in pathogenic factors associated with ulcers.


(1) Background: weight-management interventions vary in their delivery features and intervention strategies. We aimed to establish a protocol to identify these intervention components. (2) Methods: a framework was developed through literature searches and stakeholder consultation. Six studies were independently coded by two reviewers. Consensus included recording conflict resolutions and framework changes. (3) Results: more conflicts occurred for intervention strategies compared to delivery features; both required the updating of definitions. The average coding times were 78 min (SD: 48) for delivery features and 54 min (SD: 29) for intervention strategies. (4) Conclusions: this study developed a detailed framework and highlights the complexities in objectively mapping weight-management trials.


The increasing share of renewable energies as well as the age structure of the thermal generation stack lead to big changes in the European energy system. This paper describes a method for determining market prices for electricity based on the cost-minimal European power plant dispatch and different mark-ups. Thus, the influences of these mark-ups on simulated prices are estimated. Exemplary results are shown for Germany for a backtesting scenario of the year 2014 and a future scenario for the year 2024. The results are compared to historical price patterns and show a better match with the historic prices, but also still room for improvement.


OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC method for determination of related substances in dimercaptosuccinic acid.METHODS An Ultimate XB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) column was applied.Mobile phase A was tetrabutylammonium bisulfate phosphate solution containing tetrabutylammonium bisulfate 3.2 g·L-1,potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6.5 g·L-1 and disodium edenate 0.09 g·L-1,mobile phase B was meathanol.Gradient elution program: 0 min,100%A;10 min,100%A;20 min,80%A;50 min,80%A.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.Detection wavelength was set at 220 nm.RESULTS The linear range of dimercaptosuccinic acid was 14.0-112.0 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 3),limit of detection was 1.8 μg·mL-1.The linear range of acetylenedicarboxylic acid was 10.3-82.3 μg·mL-1(r=1.000 0),limit of detection was 0.4 μg·mL-1,while the average recovery was 98.3%.CONCLUSION This method proved to be specific,accurate and suitable for determining the related substances in dimercaptosuccinic acid.


Pesticides are controlling substances that reduce, repel or mitigate pests that are harmful to crops. The insecticides are used in agricultural environments that end up reaching rivers, streams or lagoons by filtering underground bodies of water. Since insecticides are designed to control insect pests, they have the potential to damage aquatic invertebrates, which are mostly composed of arthropods and which play an important role in the structure and functioning of the aquatic ecosystem. The presence of these compounds in freshwater bodies affects aquatic fauna and can even reduce up to 42 percent of aquatic invertebrates. Therefore, this study pretends to evaluate the effect of pesticides on the decomposition processes of organic matter and decomposers of the Nectopsyche genus. For which this experimentation was developed by using concentrations of 0, 0.10, 5 and 10 ug L.1 of two insecticides; Engeo and Clorpirifos. The controlled study was carried out through the use of microcosms where the effect of both insecticides was evaluated. To estimate the alterations of these substances on the individuals of the genus Nectopsyche, the width of the head, weight and mortality of the shredders was measured. In addition, decomposition rates of organic matter were determined through the use of alder litter Alnus acuminata. The individuals studied showed changes in all the treatments carried out with both insecticides, as well as in the decomposition rates of organic matter. The presence of insecticides in the microcosms presented alterations in the development of individuals and in the decomposition rates of alder litter, however, there were no significant differences between the two substances.


On the basis of nonlinear dynamic qualitative analytical method and the microbial infections disease dynamic model,AH1N1 flu is investigated and analyzed.The paper points out the epidemic trend and final outcome of AH1N1 flu and illustrates that compulsory prevention and cure is scientific.


Following the approach of the urban diary discussed in chapter 2, and expanded upon in Seeing the Better City, this chapter presents reflective vignettes of varying lengths, based on my collection of photographs and observations of local and international examples. These vignettes demonstrate how urbanism without effort is premised on common human affinities and varied in expression by cultural context, historical circumstance, and other unique factors, such as geography and climate. They demonstrate the challenges of creating livable cities that are universal and timeless, and how solutions require careful observation in the context of local circumstances.


This cross-sectional study uses data from a large integrated health care system to assess search patterns and practices among electronic health record users.


The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched the first edition of the Model List of Essential in vitro Diagnostics (EDL),1 an initiative that we hope will prove to be as important as the launch of Essential Medicines List 45 years ago. The global health community has focused on access to health products for prevention (vaccines) and treatment (medicines) over the last 20 years, but despite the consequences of underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis (including mistreatment, health complications and costly unnecessary interventions), there has been very little focus in the global health dialogue to date on access to appropriate diagnostic tests to ensure appropriate treatment. In high-income countries, tests are generally available through clinical laboratories but in low-income and middle-income settings,  these services are not accessible, so more focus needs to be on reliable tests for community settings.

It is clear that without quality-assured diagnostic tests, the practice of medicine is blind and curable conditions may not be treated. As one example, hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects an estimated 71 million people worldwide, but it is estimated that only 20% have been diagnosed.2 It can be cured with a 3-month course of treatment that now is affordable in many low-income and middle-income countries and that can be given in community settings. Yet in many countries, testing for hepatitis Cis …


ABSTRACT Just as elementary mathematics teaching is complex and lacks a single appropriate method, the same is true for mathematics teacher education. There is no consensus around the best approach to preparing prospective mathematics teachers to have a strong command of mathematical concepts, a robust understanding of pedagogical approaches, and a disposition towards children and mathematics that accounts for the historical, sociocultural, and political contexts. We designed a longitudinal, collaborative self-study to explore the experiences and perspectives of each author, their pedagogical design of mathematics teacher education, and the connections of these to prospective teachers' readiness to teach mathematics equitably. As part of a structured reflective process, we engaged in collaborative interrogation of written accounts of our backgrounds, experiences, and instructional choices. We also analyzed, using documentation tables and code mapping, journal entries following teaching sessions and inventories of class assignments to scrutinize if learning outcomes were realized in earnest. Our findings highlight how our personal and professional experiences shape our perspectives on schooling and mathematics teaching and learning, and how we make sense of equity in these contexts. These perspectives are evident in our course design and instruction, although this interrogation has raised questions about the efficacy of our work vis-a-vis our larger goals of preparing critically conscious mathematics teachers. This self-study underscores the imperative for mathematics teacher educators to examine both the contents of their course work and field experiences, as well as understand the reasons why those instructional choices were made.


For a source of vibration, i.e., a machine, connected to a receiving structure, i.e., a floor, the vibrational power transmitted is dependent upon the dynamic characteristics of both the source and receiver. If the source and receiver are connected at N points and with M components of motion, the exact character of each structure can only be quantified using (MN)2 frequency‐dependent terms. Most often this leads to an analysis involving a vast amount of data. Upon recognition of such, together with an understanding that the terms have inherent variations, an approximate analysis method is suggested in which the precise nature of the structure's spatial response is disregarded and instead considered as a probabilistic distribution. With the approach, not only is the amount of data required significantly reduced but, moreover, the precision with which it has to be procured is also relieved. Application is demonstrated alongside work in progress with respect to practical implementation.


The development of the market economy has made a new demand on the quantity and quality of the statistic information.Due to the internal variation defects,the supple structure of the governmental statistic information system could not meet the multiple demands on the statistic information in the market economic development,so it causes the overbalance of demands in the statistic information.To change the overbalance,we should not restrain the demands but should take countermeasures to add the statistic information and effective supple.The urgent matter is to reform the governmental statistic institutions and to amend the internal variation in the governmental statistic system.This is the inevitable choice to administer the balance of the supply and demand in the statistic information.


It is generally believed that entanglement speeds up Quantum Information Processing (QIP). How- ever, we prove that for a system of two interacting qubits through a XXZ Hamiltonian which are maximally entan- gled it is not possible to execute a quantum NOT gate operating on one of these two qubits. The interaction between the two qubits means presence of noise in one of them. If the two interacting qubits are not entangled, the times of execution of the quantum NOT gate oper- ating on one of the two qubits are not small enough. Since the times of execution of the quantum NOT gate operating on one of the two interacting qubits is extremely large, we conclude that the execution of the quantum NOT gate operating on one of two interacting qubits is not possible.


Introduction: Respiratory
distress (RD) is a major emergency to which infants are particularly vulnerable.
It can lead to neurological sequelae and even death when treatment is not adequate
and rapid. Objective: To evaluate the management of RD in infants at the
CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. Methods: The study was of a transversal and analytical
nature and took place over a period of 06 months, from 1st January to 30th June
2015. Included in the study were all infants hospitalised for DR. The therapeutic
modalities were analysed according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Results: A total of 96 infants were included. The hospital frequency of DR
was 38%. The average age was 12 months. One in 3 infants had SaO2 less
than 90% on admission, and in 58.3% of cases, the infant showed at least 3 signs
of struggle. The initial assessment was as recommended. The systematic use of oxygenrequires
a revision of the criteria for oxygentherapy in the unit. The three main causes were severe pneumonia (31.3%), severe malaria (18.8%)
and bronchiolitis (15.6%), and their treatment was correct. However, none of the
infants had been able to benefit from ventilatory support. Mortality was high (31.2%)
linked to the intensity of DR (p = 0.04) and sepsis (p = 0.006). Conclusion: The procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of RD in infants at the CNHU
are fairly consistent with WHO guidelines. Ventilatory support is necessary for
some children with severe RD.


Molecular diagnostics are performed by using DNA from different body tissues. However, it is necessary to obtain genomic DNA of good quality. Due to the impossibility of collecting blood from slaughtered animals, DNA extraction from solid tissues is necessary. The objective of this study was to describe a protocol of DNA extraction from swine skin, adipose, brain, liver, kidney and muscle tissues. We obtained high molecular weight DNA of good quality, shown by agarose gel and amplification of two DNA fragments, 605bp and 891pb, by PCR. Spectrophotometric analysis of DNA concentration showed variation among the DNA from different tissues, with the liver and adipose tissues presenting the greatest and the smallest concentration, respectively. The described protocol has proven to be advantageous due to its simplicity, quickness, affordable reagents and absence of phenol, resulting in a high molecular weight DNA of good quality from several tissues.


We study the finite-temperature properties of the supersymmetric version of (2 + 1)D Georgi–Glashow model. As oppose to its non-supersymmetric counterpart, the parity symmetry in this theory at zero temperature is spontaneously brok bilinear photino condensate. We find that as the temperature is raised, the deconfinement and the parity restoratio this model at the same point Tc = g2/8π . The transition is continuous, but is not of the Ising type as in non-supersymm Georgi–Glashow model, but rather of the Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless type as in Z4-invariant spin model.  2003 Elsevier Science B.V. PACS: 11.10.Wx; 14.80.Hv; 11.10.Kk Open access under CC BY license. hat ing exibit find els mon-


To select the over-sized cable section for the storage battery circuit would make it difficult to construct.Based on the general requirements,this paper analyzes the current selection,the allowable voltage drop and the cable section selection of the storage battery circuit.According to the actual cases in the engineering,the paper calculates and discusses the selection results of the cable section in the two schemes of the allowable voltage drop and temperature rise in the storage battery circuit,and demonstrates the possibility to shrink the cable section in the storage battery circuit.


1. Perspectives on French Relations with the European Union: an Introduction 2. How French Policy Makers See Themselves 3. French Euroscepticism and the Politics of Indifference 4. Maastricht, Amsterdam and Beyond: The Troubled Evolution of the French Right 5. The Conseil d'Etat and Europe: Adapting the French Administrative State 6. Protection, Reform and Political Will: France and the European Social Model 7. The French Press and the European Union: the Challenge of Community News 8. La Vie Associative and the State: Unequal Partners in the French Debate on Europe 9. Towards a New French Strategy for Europe? Concluding Remarks


This paper presents an experimental study of the sensitivity to 15-MeV neutrons of Advanced Low Power SRAMs (A-LPSRAM) at low bias voltage little above the threshold value that allows the retention of data. This family of memories is characterized by a 3D structure to minimize the area penalty and to cope with latchups, as well as by the presence of integrated capacitors to hinder the occurrence of single event upsets. In low voltage static tests, classical single event upsets were a minor source of errors, but other unexpected phenomena such as clusters of bitflips and hard errors turned out to be the origin of hundreds of bitflips. Besides, errors were not observed in dynamic tests at nominal voltage. This behavior is clearly different than that of standard bulk CMOS SRAMs, where thousands of errors have been reported.


Far-i.r. reflectance spectra of M2IMCl6 complexes where M = Sn, Pt, or Te, have been used to estimate the half-bandwidths of the v3 vibration of the [MCl6]2– ions. The values are substantially lower than those found from absorption spectra of powdered samples but those for the tellurates are greater than those for the platinates and stannates. An earlier interpretation of the mull i.r. spectra is supported by these results.


CARROLL, CHARLES. Public Education in Rhode Island. Providence: E. L. Freeman Co., 1918. Pp. 500. DEWEY, JOHN. Vocational Education in the Light of the World War. Chicago, 1225 Sedgwick Street: Vocational Education Association of the Middle West, Bulletin No. 4, January, 1918. Pp. 8. JACKSON, GEORGE L. The Privilege of Education. Boston: Richard G. Badger, 1918. Pp. 143. KENDALL, CALVIN N., and MIRICK, GEORGE A. How to Teach the Special Subjects. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1918. Pp. xvi+310o. $.6o LEWIs, HOWARD T. The Rural School and the Community. Boston: Richard G. Badger, 1918. Pp. 91. MANN, CHARLES R. A Study of Engineering Education. New York: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 576 Fifth Avenue, Bulletin No. 11, 1918. Pp. xi+i39. MATEER, FLORENCE. Child Behavior. A Critical and Experimental Study of Young Children by the Method of Conditioned Reflexes. Boston: Richard G. Badger, 1918. Pp. 239PETERS, CHARLES C. Selection and Organization of Materials for a Course in "The Control of Conduct" for Secondary Schools. Spring City, Pa.: The Inter-Borough Press. Pp. 120.


Objective:To observe the effect of CO2 laser combined with Foscarnet Sodium on serum levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with recurrent condyloma acuminatum.Method:30 cases of condyloma acuminatum recurrent were selected in author's hospital as the observation group, 30 cases of healthy people were selected as control group.The observation group was given the CO2 laser with Foscarnet Sodium therapy and the control group medical don't any special treatment. Using ELISA method inspection on serum levels of two groups of patients, the contrast observation group of patients before treatment and after treatment serum IL- 4 and IFN- γ levels.Result:The observation group of patients before treatment was significantly higher than the control group, serum levels of IL- 4,IFN- γ levels significantly lower than the control group. Observation group of patients after treatment was significantly lower than the level of serum IL- 4 before treatment, IFN- γ level was significantly higher than those before treatment, the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:CO2 laser combined with Foscarnet Sodium can enhance Th1 mediated and inhibition of Th2 mediated cellular immune, humoral immune, serum Th1/Th2 cytokines balance accelerate the clearance of HPV, to prevent the recurrence of condyloma acuminatum recurrence has important value, is worthy of attention and attention.


Although crib bumpers carry a risk for infant suffocation without offering any health benefits, they are still available for purchase in all states


Chili (Capsium annulum  Sp.) is used  as preservatives of Cotton Wood (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) with vacuum  pressure soaking method with full cellar process. The objectives of this study were to reveal the comparison between preserved and un-preserved wood based on its compressive strength and flexural strength, to investigate the effect of various concentrations of preservatives (i.e. 10, 20, and 30%) on biological and a mechanical wood properties, and to know the resistency of cotton wood (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) to decrease quality caused by insect wood destroying or other organic materials. Preservation method used in this study was vacuum pressure soaking method with full cellar process and the preservative was the chili (Capsium annulum Sp.) solution. The research was conducted with Completely Randomized Design with treatment of various concentrations of chili solution (i.e. 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) with five repetitions. The data were analyzed with Anova and presented by graphs. The results indicated significant differences between preserved and un-preserved cotton wood, both on mechanical testing and organic damage.  After 24 days of observation, damage caused by insect was found in un-preserved wood, but none could be identified in those which were preserved. Keywords : preservation, cotton wood, chili, vacuum pressure soaking


Micro-Raman and X-Ray Fluorescence combined with electrochemical techniques proved to be suitable for the unambiguous identification of the green pigment in a very deteriorated historical leather. The colouring matter resulted in a mixture of blue and yellow. Raman identified the blue indigo, whereas iron and arsenic were identified by XRF. The redox status of these two elements was investigated by Square Wave Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWCSV). Results demonstrated the presence of As(III), probably As2S3 (orpiment), and Fe(III), characterising the red earths. The quantitative results obtained by SWCSV were also confirmed for Fe and As by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass spectrometry). Voltammetric techniques, applied here for the identification of the redox status of the elements, contained in pigments, are useful to understand two important aspects: the chemical-physical composition of the colors and the best strategy to be applied for the preservation of the pigments in ancient/deteriorated artwork objects.


The present invention relates to a method of storing GaN substrates. To provide a method for storing a GaN substrate for manufacturing semiconductor devices of favorable properties. In the GaN substrate storing method, GaN substrate (1) is stored in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 18 vol.% Or less of water vapor and / or concentration of 12g / m3 or less of. The surface roughness Ra of the surface roughness Ra of the first principal surface and a second main surface on a GaN substrate stored by the storing method are not greater than 20nm and not larger than 20μm. Further, embodiments of the GaN substrate so that the main surface of the (0001) plane is formed off-axis angle, the off-axis angle of 0.05 ° to the direction of 2 °, and in a direction of 0 ° to 1 °.


Many EU policies contribute to reducing flood and drought risks, which are projected to increase in many areas due to climate change. The EU Water Blueprint encourages a policy switch from dams, reservoirs, and other grey infrastructure to supporting natural water retention measures, or green infrastructure. Our estimates show that the costs of this switch can be significant for on-farm ponds; however, conservation tillage and (to a lesser extent) shelterbelts appear to be cost-competitive with reservoirs for storing water in the landscape. If the co-benefits, especially climate change mitigation, the reduction of land-use degradation and biodiversity, are taken into account, the cost advantage of these measures increases.


To authenticate the integrity of image while resisting some valid image processing such as JPEG compression, a semi-fragile image watermarking is described. Image name, one of the image features, has been used as the key of pseudo-random function to generate the special watermarks for the different image. Watermarks are embedded by changing the relationship between the blocks' DCT DC coefficients, and the image tamper are detected with the relationship of these DCT DC coefficients. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can resist JPEG compression, and detect image tamper in the meantime.


Maximizing the potential of passive utilization of solar energy in a high density urban block is an important goal in architecture and urban design. However, the current solar code in China focus more on single buildings rather urban blocks. This paper approach to apply 'Solar Envelope' to design compact urban block forms with high passive solar potential. Firstly, the program of ' Solar Envelope ' generation and solar radiation simulation are complied by Grasshopper a parametric platform. Secondly, different blocks are implied to generate a series of compact urban block forms by ' Solar Envelope ' . Thirdly, solar performance of the compact urban block and existing urban blocks are compared by simulation analysis, so as to achieve the balance between floor area ratio and solar quality. A pilot study of the 'solar envelope' for urban block in Nanjing demonstrates a significant improvement over the existing urban layout in terms of the solar insolation .


Taking sixteen regions in east China as examples,the paper discusses the characteristics and the space diversity of the fluctuation of the housing price firstly.And it concludes:the fluctuation of the housing price in these regions is not large as a whole during 1999-2002;according to the housing price,regions can be divided into three orders.Moreover,the paper analyzes the relationship between housing price and regional economic development level and constructs some regression models,making use of the method of the stepwise regression.


Orange palpebral spots (OPS) is a rarely described entity of unknown etiology first reported in 2008 by Assouly et al.1 OPS most commonly presents on females as flat, nonpalpable lesions on the superior eyelids. The coloration of OPS tends to vary between yellow-orange and light orange. Due to this, it has been previously suggested that the nomenclature be expanded to "yellow-orange palpebral spots." Herein, we present the case of a 53-year-old woman with a 2-year history of asymptomatic, yellow-orange patches on the upper eyelids (Fig. 1). Medical history was unremarkable except for gastroesophageal reflux disease and depression treated with omeprazole and escitalopram, respectively. Our patient did not recall any triggers and denied the use of makeup, protective eyewear (ie, goggles), or contact lens solution. Skin examination was remarkable for the presence of well-defined, yellow-to-orange patches on the medial upper eyelids. Lipid panel was within normal limits. No other testing was performed. Given the patient's clinical presentation, a diagnosis of OPS was favored. The differential diagnosis of OPS includes xanthoma or xanthelasma. OPS, unlike xanthelasma or xanthoma, do not have an elevated appearance with coloration that varies between yellow-orange to light orange.1,2 Skin biopsies of OPS have shown increased adipose tissue and pigment-laden macrophages in the superficial dermis without the characteristic lipid-laden macrophages of xanthelasma.1,2 In our case, because a diagnosis of OPS was favored at the outset and because of the sensitive location of these lesions, a biopsy was not performed. While xanthelasma tends to correlate with hyperlipidemia, patients with OPS present with normal lipid levels and lipid screens are often uncecessary.1 In our case, the patient's primary care physician had ordered a lipid panel as routine lab work. Evolution of these 2 distinct conditions has not found them to be interlinked as patients that have been followed for xanthelasma have never shown clinical features of OPS and vice versa.1 The differential diagnoses of OPS also include use of fluorescein solutions in ophthalmology and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. However, staining due to fluorescein solution typically affects the lower eyelids.1,3 Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma involves the periorbital area in addition to the eyelids and is often seen in patients with monoclonal gammopathy and clinically present with red-tobrown, violaceous, or yellowish papules and nodules.1,3 The etiology of OPS remains to be fully elucidated. Assouly et al.1 proposed a correlation between OPS and high levels of vitamin E, total carotenoids, or β-cryptoxanthin secondary to high citrus consumption.1,4 Our patient maintained a low-citrus diet due to her history of gastroesophageal reflux disease indicating that exposure to high levels of the previously mentioned compounds was unlikely. Belliveau et al.2 also described melanin incontinence in the histopathologic analysis of patients with OPS, suggesting that chronic eye rubbing or blinking leading to local trauma may be responsible; however, our patient denied this.4 OPS have also been reported in patients taking a serotonin reuptake inhibitor; yet, the significance of this finding is unknown, and in our case, the patient was prescribed escitalopram approximately 1 year after the first appearance of these lesions.1 No association with systemic illnesses, including malignancy, has been previously reported in the literature.2 To the best of our knowledge, no treatments for OPS have been previously reported in the literature. In view of the benign clinical course of this entity and the fact that


This paper tries to delineate the education reform trends in Anglo-American countries after World War Ⅱ through the lens of changing relationship among the teacher profession,state and market. It holds the view that the three stakeholders' relations were gradually turning from a "zero-sum game" relationship to a win-win cooperation relationship. They gradually reached a consensus that in order to build win-win situation and sustain educational innovation,an institution should be established to actively trust teachers and care about teachers' life world and subjective meaning world,give full play to teachers' creativity and autonomy. This consensus could also provide implication for the education reform in current China.


Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral infection caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a tick-borne virus (Nairovirus) of Bunyaviridae. Viral antigens of CCHFV can be detected by using various immunologic methodologies. We developed two methodologies to detect viral antigens of CCHFV using polyclonal antibodies isolated either from human plasma or from hyperimmunized horse serum. The first methodology is a western blot using human polyclonal antibodies. The second one is an antigen ELISA using horse antibodies. CCHFV isolates from vero-cell cultures were used as a source of the antigens. Additionally, CCHFV isolates obtained from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of USA were used as positive controls. The human polyclonal antibody pool detected several glycoproteins of various sizes ranging from approximately 35 KDa to 80 KDa or higher indicating that humans can develop antibody responses to different epitopes of the viral glycoproteins. Also, the ELISA can be used successfully to detect CCHFV with quite reproducible results. Our results indicated that both antibody sources could be convenient for rapid detection of CCHFV glycoprotein antigens.


Nowadays, we are unquestionably in the era of info. Big Data Analytics isn't a point of view for all levels of the company. This is of specific fascination with the production pastime, together with the higher capital severeness of theirs, time constraints, and also offered the substantial quantity of info today captured. Nevertheless, there is a paucity in last literature on BDA in developing a far better understanding of the capabilities of the strategic ramifications to get importance from BDA. In that vein, the primary objective of this specific paper is generally to produce a novel layout that summarizes the main capabilities of BDA in the context of the manufacturing process. This is performed by relying on the end result of an analysis of the continuing exploration, together with a numerous case study in a visible phosphates derivatives company, to note the capabilities of BDA in the manufacturing process, in addition to outline suggestions to advance exploration of the market. The end result will help companies realize the main information analytics capabilities, as well as the possible implications for their production activity, and support them wanting to create much better BDA enabler infrastructure.


ABSTRACT Microplastic pollution in aquatic systems has been reported globally at an alarming rate, with an increasing number of documented negative biological consequences. Research on microplastic pollution in freshwaters has barely begun in New Zealand, and few studies from smaller lotic systems such as streams exist globally. We investigated the extent of microplastic pollution within urban streams across New Zealand and determined if microplastic concentrations were related to human population density and urbanisation of streams. Fifty-two streams were surveyed across five urban agglomerations in January 2019. Microplastics were found in samples from all sites at densities ranging from <1 to 44 items/m3. This concentration range was comparable to global data but lower than reported in another recent New Zealand study, probably due to differences in sampling methodology. Microplastic pollution was similar across all urban centres, and neither length of urbanised catchment nor urban proportion of the stream were significant predictors of microplastic concentrations. These findings suggest microplastic pollution in New Zealand streams are comparable to larger aquatic systems globally, and that smaller urban streams are significant transport pathways for microplastics. We also recommend standardising microplastic sampling methods to a greater extent in the future, to improve comparability across studies.


Auditory feedback effects on voice F0 control were investigated in terms of the frequency range of feedback harmonic components. The analysis was based on data obtained by a new experimental auditory feedback method called TAF (transformed auditory feedback). This method replaces a natural side tone path with an artificial path which modifies the parameters of the feedback speech sounds in real time, and measures effects in the speech sounds produced [Kawahara and Williams, Vocal Fold Physiology Symposium (1995)]. A series of TAF experiments using sustained vowel phonations with band limitations using high‐pass and low‐pass filters was conducted. Estimated impulse responses from pitch perception to voice F0 control illustrated that the response is compensatory and can be decomposed into two second‐order responses with an initial delay. The results indicated that high‐pass filtering does not show significant effects on response parameters while low‐pass filtering shows a negative correlation between the cu...


In order to better understand the problem of catalyst deactivation during the process of medium and low temperature coal tar hydrotreating,the hydrogenation experiment was carried out in a fixed-bed hydrogenation unit.The compositions and structure changes of asphaltenes from coal tar before and after hydrotreating were characterized by elemental analysis,molecular weight determination,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy techniques,proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR) and SEM,et al.The results show that the asphaltene content of hydrogenation products is reduced and the average molecular weight and the sulfur,nitrogen,oxygen content of asphaltene decrease,while H/C atomic ratio increases after hydrotreating.It has been seen that the reactions of removing of alkyl side chains and heteroatomic(especially the phenolic hydroxyl oxygen) and cracking of bridge bond occurr on the asphaltene during the process of hydrogenation.Meanwhile,the asphaltene naphthenic and heterocyclic rings opening and aromatic ring saturating reactions also occurr.All the above factors show that the degree of condensation of hydrotreated asphaltene decrease obviously.


Land consolidation projects have serves for rural development. Land consolidation projects have an important role in ensuring agricultural development. Therefore, the number of land consolidation applications is increased in Turkey in recent years. It is necessary to prevent land fragmentation for ensuring the sustainability of these projects. The aim of this study is to examine the changing in agricultural parcels of landowner after the land consolidation projects. In this paper, study area is chosen Agalar/KONYA village where land consolidation implemented in 2003. 2010 and 2015 google earth images of study area are digitized in Netcad software. The digitized cadastral sheets of Agalar/KONYA village which is done land consolidation project is overlayed with digitized data of 2010 and 2015 google earth images to evaluate changes in agricultural parcels. In additionally, questionnaire was done with landowners for their opinions about land consolidation project. According to the results, 60 % of the landowner is satisfied with land consolidation project. While the number of parcels was 762 in 2003, the number of parcels was found 729 in 2010 and 723 in 2015.


We present a 3D imaging technique, which combines the novel acquisition of diffracted X-ray signals and X-ray absorption data. The relatively high intensity of the diffraction signals afforded by our new approach has important implications for high specificity and high sensitivity security scanning applications. Our technique utilises a configuration of a tubular X-ray beam incident upon a ring absorption sensor and a diffraction sensor. The relative translation of the object under inspection enables the 3D scanning of extended objects. The sensing arrangement focuses on planes normal to the symmetry axis of the interrogating X-ray beam. Orders of magnitude increase in the intensity of the diffraction signal is possible in comparison with conventional angular dispersive methods. Our transmission mode approach effects a convergent and therefore inherently compact, diffracted ray geometry. We have undertaken initial testing and evaluation of this concept with various arrangements of objects fabricated from a range of different materials. The synthesis of the absorption and diffraction data is the basis for a new 3D imaging modality.


In this paper, we report a study of evolution of low field magnetoresistance (MR) of Gadolinium as the grain size in the sample is changed from few microns (∼4 μm) to the nanoscopic regime (∼35 nm). The low field MR has a clear effect on varying grain size. In large grain sample (few μm), the magnetic domains are controlled by local anisotropy field determined mainly by the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The low field MR clearly reflects the temperature dependence of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. For decreasing gain size, the contribution of spin disorder at the grain boundary increases and enhances the local anisotropy field.


Abstract While gazing at the Earth from orbit, some astronauts have described a cognitive shift known as the overview effect. Here we describe an analogous biological overview effect produced by looking at the tiny twig of humanity on the tree of life. We describe the increasingly precise phylogenetic tree of all life on Earth and how it shows us our place in nature. We discuss problems with this tree including the assumption of sexual isolation, purely vertical gene transmission and the dependence of LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor) on the completeness of the tree. We compile and present the most concise taxonomic overview of the evolution of our lineage from Archaea to humans.


One of the main aims of critique is to work towards progressive change. What are critical scholarship's assumptions about how that change should happen? And do they hold? In the present chapter, I focus on three characteristic traits of critique: seeing law as part of the problem; emphasizing law's relative indeterminacy; and carving out contingencies in the law's past. Critique has exposed and countered several dynamics that render the present state of affairs more natural, necessary, and just. Social psychological research has notably drawn attention to people's longing to live in a world that they consider just—which is a world in which things appear to happen for a reason. Research has further drawn attention to the bias of hindsight and dynamics of ex post rationalization. In short, there are many concerns, tropes, and even vocabularies that are shared between critical legal scholarship and social psychological research. Yet, divides between the two still remain deep.


Consumer groups in the U.S. and Europe are calling for ozone warnings to be included on food labels. The same is being pushed for because the phase out of methyl bromide appears to be going very slowly.


Wire ABSTRACT In places where the corrosive environments are dense, hardfacing is frequently used, especially in soil scraping tools, stone, and mines, in order to prevent the wear of materials. In this study, Elhard 350 + Elhard600S (EE) and Hardcore600G + Hardcore 63-O (HH) hard filler wires were applied to AISI 4140 steel. The effect of the chemical content and the two passes on microstructure, hardness and abrasion resistance were determined. Vickers hardness measurements were made under 10 kg load, dry-slip conditions under the ceramic ball for the tribological analysis of hard-fill coatings CSM trademark wear test unit was used. All abrasion tests were performed at 10 N load, at room temperature, with a shear rate of 10 cm/s at a total shear distance of 1000 m. The volume losses of the samples were calculated by wear track roughness after the abrasion test. The effects of chemical content and two passes on the wear resistance were investigated. As a result, the abrasion resistance due to homogeneous martensite microstructure due to chemical content and phase diagram was determined as highest in the Elhard 350 + Elhard600S (EE)


We present a first-principles model of pitch-angle and energy distribution function evolution as particles are sequentially accelerated by multiple flare magnetic islands. Data from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of an eruptive flare/coronal mass ejection provide ambient conditions for the evolving particle distributions. Magnetic islands, which are created by sporadic reconnection at the self-consistently formed flare current sheet, contract and accelerate the particles. The particle distributions are evolved using rules derived in our previous work. In this investigation, we assume that a prescribed fraction of particles sequentially "hops" to another accelerator and receives an additional boost in energy and anisotropy. This sequential process generates particle number spectra that obey an approximate power law at mid-range energies and presents low- and high-energy breaks. We analyze these spectral regions as functions of the model parameters. We also present a fully analytic method for forming and interpreting such spectra, independent of the sequential acceleration model. The method requires only a few constrained physical parameters, such as the percentage of particles transferred between accelerators, the energy gain in each accelerator, and the number of accelerators visited. Our investigation seeks to bridge the gap between MHD and kinetic regimes by combining global simulations and analytic kinetic theory. The model reproduces and explains key characteristics of observed flare hard X-ray spectra as well as the underlying properties of the accelerated particles. Our analytic model provides tools to interpret high-energy observations for missions and telescopes, such as RHESSI, FOXSI, NuSTAR, Solar Orbiter, EOVSA, and future high-energy missions.


Reading is a form of written communication and is also one of important contents in English teaching.This paper tells us that reader always readjust contiouslyhis strategy of management from the primitive to the advanced in the process of sections and chapters management.


Inocybe kusadasiensis sp. nov., a novel species which was collected from Pinus brutia forest near Kuşadası (Turkey), in the coastal area of Aegean Sea, is introduced with full descriptions of macro and microscopic features, field photograph and line-drawings. A phylogenetic analysis of sequence data for the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) indicated and supported the taxonomic uniqueness of the present new species which belongs to the genus Inocybe.


We analyse the sustainability of fiscal policy in EU15 countries in line with the recent literature on fiscal reaction functions. We test for a positive response of the primary surplus to accumulated debt using a baseline reaction function, and we check for robustness considering alternative specifications, estimation techniques, and possible structural breaks. We also estimate a Bayesian version of the baseline model as a way to provide an endogenous mechanism to analyse time variation in the response of governments to debt. We suggest that the posterior distribution of this model is a sensible indicator to assess the sustainability position of countries. Our conclusion is that the response to debt has fluctuated over the sample 1977-2005, but sustainability has been prevalent in EU15.


It is one of the urgent tasks for higher vocational schools to cultivate practical talents to meet the need of social development.Based on an illustration of overseas logistics management major's construction,this paper analyzes problems in domestic higher vocational school's logistics management major construction and poses its countermeasures.


The tragedies in Tiananmen Square in China and the resurgence of human rights in countries such as Poland and Hungary have rekindled interest in the foundations of American constitutionalism. This volume is intended to invite or renew attention to certain recurrent issues and questions addressed by political and legal theorists of constitutionalism.


This article explores the concept of subject in the works of Baruch Spinoza. The peculiarity of this research lies in the juxtaposition of the Cartesian concept of subject and the concept of subjectivation, which was developed in M. Foucault's works of later period The goal is to disclose the specificity of the concept of subject in the works of Spinoza, formulate the key definitions used for revealing this topic, and to conduct a comparative analysis with the concept of subject of R. Descartes. The author examines such aspects of Spinozism as the interrelation between the higher subject and the mode of being, the concept of individuality and affects in interpretation of G. Deleuze, etc. The novelty of this research consists in providing a comprehensive analysis of some provisions of Spinoza's doctrine concerning the basic aspects of the concept of subject, as well as in determination of the crucial elements of the concept of subjectivation. The author concludes that Spinozism has shifted significantly from the Cartesian tradition. The first difference from Descartes lies in the ontological attitude of the Dutch philosopher, according to which a human can be viewed as a subject, not as a substance, but as a mode only. The second difference lies in introduction of the principle of dynamism, according to which the individual mode can have greater or lesser perfection, which could not comply with the permanence of Cartesian cogito.


The Mingshui gas bearing strata and the Heidimiao oil/gas bearing strata at Honggang block,Jilin,were characterized by shallow burial depth and strong sensibilities to extraneous fluids and the 3 grades of well killing fluids available in Honggang had too high filtrate losses and caused severe reservoir formation damage with percent core permeability reduction in range 76. 62% —97. 95% . Through additives screening experiments with clay swelling rate and reservoir core damage as criteria,a low filtrate loss well killing fluid was developed,being composed of 0. 7% small molecule cationic shale inhibitor + 2. 0% KCl + 0. 05% water blockage inhibitor BNP- 10 + 0. 05% corrosion inhibitor HS-1 + 2. 0% filtrale loss reducer DST-1(SPN-1 + SPN-2 in mixture in mass ratio 3∶2) + 1. 33% modified cellulose NDT + weighting agent NaCl. This fluid had density 1. 02—1. 20 g/mL,apparent viscosity 5. 76—5. 80 mPa·s,pH = 7. 0,API filtrate loss 4. 5—7. 6 mL,good stability,and low percent damage to reservoir core permeability 3. 70%—4. 89% .


Protein microspheres have been prepared by sonicating oil in an aqueous protein solution. Such prepared microspheres can be used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro-encapsulation, and drug delivery systems. When they are used in the blood circulation, their size and stability become most important. In this paper, the factors affecting the size and size distribution of these microspheres are discussed and a way to control the size of the microspheres is put forward. Small microspheres with size less than 1 µm were selected by gravitational sedimentation. The selected microspheres have a narrow size distribution and can be used in the blood circulation safely. The loading of dye into these microspheres was easily achieved by dissolution of drugs in the oil phase before sonication. The protein microspheres showed excellent protection for the loaded dye, which can be stably carried for several weeks.


The Canada Grain Act imposes a zero tolerance for stored-product insects in grain. Incoming and export grain in the primay and terminal elevators, respectively is inspected for the presence of insects using Berlese Bnnels. This method takes 5 to 6 h to extract the larval stages of the rusty grain beetle, Cvptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the most common stored-grain insect in Canada. During this time the grain may have been binned in the elevator or loaded on to ships. This results in manifstation of infestation and cross contamination of stored-grain in the grain handling system. The feasibility of using real-time soft X-ray images to detect insect infestations in wheat was determined in this stu@. Uninfested and infested Canadian Westem Red Spring wheat kemels fed on by dgerent lije stages of C. femgineus were X-rayed at I5 kV potential and 65 pd current. Five hundred uninfested and 440 infested kemels were X-rayed at dflerent times for the four larval instars, pupae, and adult stages of the insect infesting wheat kemels. Histogram groups, histogram and shape moments, and textural features using co-occurrence and run length matrices were extracted fim the X-ray images. The 57 extracted fiatures were used to identi& uninfested and infested kemels by the non-parametric classifier and multi-layer feed-forward backpropagation neural network (BPNN. The non-parametric classifier correctly identified 83.3% of the sound kemels. The BPMV identified 75.7% of sound kemels and classed 24.3% as infested. More than 87% of wheat kemels infested by larvae were identi3ed as infested by the nonparametric classijier and BPMV. More than 96% of kemels infested by the pupal and adult stages of C. femgineus were correctly classified by the nonparametric classifier and BPMV methods.


Today, soft computing is a field that is used a lot in solving real-world problems, such as problems in economics, finance, banking... With the aim to serve for solving the real problem, many new theories and/or tools which were proposed, improved to help soft computing used more efficiently.


In current days remote sensing is mainly recent application in many sectors. Remote Sensing (RS) refers to the science of identification of earth surface facet and analysis of their geo-biophysical property via electromagnetic emission as a model for interaction. Spectral, spatial, temporal and polarization signatures are key features of the sensor/target, which make easy target bias. Earth surface data seen by the sensors in altered wavelengths (reflected, scattered and/or emitted) is radio metrically and geometrically right by extraction of spectral data. RS data is a synoptic read, pedestrian exposure with calibrate sensors to work out changes, observations at various resolutions, deals with a alternative for normal resources management as compare to standard methods. This remote sensing utilizes dissimilar images like multispectral, hyper spectral or ultra-spectral. The remote sensing image classification is being of the significant methods to sort image. In order to state we classify the ISODATA classification amid fuzzy logic. In this we experimenting fuzzy logic be affectionate of spatial, spectral texture methods in that dissimilar sub methods to be worn for image classification.


The present invention relates to a single-crystal former single light valve projector stereoscopic projection apparatus comprising a projector, a polarizer, a synchronization circuit, the liquid crystal light valve, polarized glasses and the screen, the linear polarizer of the projection lens, a liquid crystal light valve is positioned linear polarizer outside the medial side of the projector lens; synchronizing circuit connected to the video signal input port and the input electrode of the liquid crystal light valves; rear projector light emitted successively through a linear polarizer, twisted nematic liquid crystal light valve, the projection screen, wearing polarized glasses line screen, the video input signal are alternately transmitted to the projector. The present invention enables a single stereoscopic image projector projected manner, a simple configuration, the circuit is simple, low cost, irrespective of the image projected by the projector two alignment problems. With a projector using a liquid crystal light valve, and a matching circuit, by viewers wearing polarized glasses to view a stereoscopic effect using the projection projector with a liquid crystal shutter glasses and a polarizing stereoscopic projection.