Abstract Y2O3: Eu3+, Tb3+ nanopowders were prepared via the sol–gel process, using yttrium pentadionate, europium, terbium nitrates, and ethanol as precursors. After the sol evaporation at 100°C, the formed gel was annealed from 300 to 900°C for 15 min, and the obtained nanopowders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction to characterize the microstructural behavior and the crystalline structure, which was determined as mainly cubic. The crystallite size varies from 8.6 to 30.9 nm, at 500 and 900°C, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy studies were carried out in order to analyze the microstructure and the size of crystallites. Three different Tb3+ atomic contents (0.005, 0.075, and 0.01 at.%) were used at a fixed Eu3+ level (2.5 at.%) with the aim of determining the relationship between the co-doping content and the scintillation intensity of the well-known 5Do→7F2 europium emission band at 611 nm. The results show that at higher Tb3+ contents, a quenching process occurs between Eu3+ and Tb3+; however, even with the lowest Tb3+ content (0.005 at.%), an increment on the scintillation light yield is observed compared with a Eu3+ monodoped sample.


(...) In this report, we describe a relatively simple and economical sand culture system capable of sustaining plant growth to maturity under controlled yet realistic P regimes. The system uses Al 2 O 3 as a solid-phase P buffer, and modern process control technology to control irrigation and addition of other mineral nutrients. (...)


Intensive seismicity was often observed in the front of tabular stopes in South African gold mines. The seismicity was usually caused by high stress concentration due to excavation, and some of the seismic events were fault rupture events. This study focuses on numerical modelling of seismic wave propagation resulted from a moment magnitude Mw = 1.4 seismic event occurring on 9 July 1996 at Mponeng mine in South Africa, using an advanced numerical tool called SPECFEM3D. Both point and non-point source models are considered and ground motions along a haulage tunnel at a depth of 2,650 m are analysed and compared with field monitoring data. It is found that the non-point source model produces better results than the point source model in near-source field. The haulage tunnel and the mined-out areas have a large influence on the ground motions. In the modelling results, strong ground motion localisation is observed at certain areas of the haulage tunnel and in the mined-out areas. Most of the simulated seismograms agree with the field recorded ones. It is seen that SPECFEM3D is a useful tool for modelling seismic wave propagation in underground mines.


Recently, interests about frame error reduction method, using multiple PCM data which are received at several ground stations, are increasing. Simple data merge method is already applied to data processing system at Naro Space Center and have been used in the first and the second flight test analysis of KSLV-I. This paper is focused on error reduction with error correcting merge algorithm and time-delayed data correction algorithm. Result of applying the proposed algorithms to the flight test data shows 1.32% improvement in error rate, compared to simple-data-merge method. It is considered that presented algorithms could be very useful in generating various telemetry merge data.


Dentistry, Medicine, and Paleopathology, Mexico, D.F., Mexico. Write: William G. Eckert, Laboratory, St. Francis Hospital, Wichita, Kans. 67214, U.S.A. To be announced. American Italian Historical Association, in cooperation with the Canadian Italian Historical Association, 1977 conference. Theme: The Italian immigrant woman in North America. Write: 1977 Conference, Center for Migration Studies, 209 Flagg P1., Staten Island, N.Y. 10304, U.S.A.


This paper makes a comparison between two influential books on higher education——Perspectives on Higher Education: Eight Disciplinary and Comparative Views by Burton R.Clark and Higher Education Research from a Multidisciplinary Perspective by Pan Maoyuan.Both books apply multi-disciplinary approach and conduct a detailed discussion of the higher education system with a multidisciplinary view and from a multidisciplinary perspective.Differences between the two books lie in fields of view,objectives and results,due to different cultural origins of the East and the West.


ions, or it does not constitute evidence. In Table 1, I have tabulated all the objects from the Valdivia Phase excavations for which Meggers and Evans provide specific provenience. In order to qualify for inclusion in the table, the object must be illustrated, described, and the cut and level where it was found must be specified.


8 fresh samples of carbonaceous mudstone were featured from Xiaoping Formation,Late Triassic epoch in Gaoming area of the western Guangdong Province.The constant of whole-rock main element,trace element and REE content were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and ICP-MS.The values of m(m=100×MgO/Al_2O_3) and Ca/Mg,B/Ga and Rb/K are used to study the paleosalinity in this area.The result shows that the Fenggang Member of Xiaoping Formation is brine neritic facies sedimentation.The paleosalinity showed lowhigh-low-change process.The paleosalinity reaches the highest value in the middle-upper part and decreases to the lowest value at the top.The values of P and Sr/Cu reflect the change of the paleoclimate.Fenggang period is mainly affected by warm-humid climate.And the dry-hot climate occurred in the central and upper part of the period.The discrimination diagrams of Zr-Th and La-Th-Sc and REE show that the tectonic setting of Gaoming area was the depression basin on passive continental margin.All the samples were characterized with high ∑REE(214.15-455.85),LREE enrichemnt(LREE/HREE =7.51-12.02) and Eu negative anomaly(δEu=0.47-0.60).The source rocks are mainly granite partially mixed with basalt and sedimentary rock based on the data.


The architectural program is the base of every project. It determines the linings and activities that any building will hold in it. This is why even a basic program should be able to talk by it self. Architecture is the way of exprsesing a need, which here is a deficiency on public space. Its through a sport centre how i decided to explore and propose a solution for this problem.


Milk shake is a western dairy product obtained by freezing a mix very similar to soft serve ice cream mix and speedy mixing the frozen product in a mixer to make it pourable and generate foam in it. The milk shake that are commonly sold in the India subcontinent consist of sweetened cold milk added with colouring and flavouring agents without freezing but vigorously shake. The most commonly used flavour blends are of rose, coffee and chocolate. Milk shake is sold by fruit juice centres in many parts of our country during the whole years. It is liked most by consumer as it is palatable and nutritional (Kadav, 2001).


Tobacco use is currently a public health problem which represents a global epidemic responsible of an enormous damage to people's health. Worldwide, 1100 million people smoke, 4 million die every year because of diseases related to tobacco use, and it is estimated that the death toll will be as high as 10 million people for year 2030; 7 million of such deaths will correspond to developing countries. Tobacco use in Peru for the year 2000 indicates that 61% of men and 46% of women had smoked at least once in their lives; and that 40% of women older than 18 years old and 60% of men older than 18 years old had smoked in the past year. There is a well-established cause-effect and doseeffect relationship between smoking and cancer; malignancies where this association has been proven include the following sites: oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, respiratory tract, and urinary bladder. These malignancies have been notified in both active and passive smokers. In spite of all the evidence indicating that smoking affects health, tobacco companies increase their advertisements using misleading messages, associating tobacco use to glamour, pleasure, sports, and even health. The campaign against tobacco as a prioritary action within the world's sanitary policy led to an international legal instrument which will limit worldwide spread of tobacco use, thorough a Global Agreement for Tobacco Control, which is a compromise from the signing countries in order to have an integrated legislation for tobacco control, and Peru is one of the first 40 signing countries.


Abstract Clinically, co-delivery of chemotherapeutics has been limited by poor water-solubility and severe systemic toxicity. This study was aimed at integrating the merits of combination chemotherapy and mixed micellar technology and demonstrating the anticancer potential of doxorubicin (DOX) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) co-loaded Soluplus®-TPGS mixed micellar system. In this study, physiochemically stable multidrug loaded mixed micelles were successfully prepared, encapsulation efficiencies of DOX and DHA were as high as 90%, and the average diameter of the micelles was 64.27 nm. The cellular uptake of DOX from the mixed micelles increased by 1.3 and 1.2 times for MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cell lines, respectively. The micelles were more cytotoxic than free DHA–DOX. Surprisingly, the co-loaded mixed micelles exhibited higher antitumor activity, while the systemic toxicity was reduced during the treatment. Therefore, the DOX and DHA mixed micelle might be a potential, effective, and less toxic drug-delivery system for cancer therapy.


One of the major threat in today world are malwares that can infect computers. In order to prevent infection antimalwares softwares are installed but if the malware it is not detected at the installation it will probably never be detected. Behavioural analysis is necessary. Most of nowadays malwares connect to C&C servers by utilizing HTTP or HTTPS in order to receive orders. In this paper a method of behavioural analysis focus on the observation on HTTP and HTTPS network packets will be presented. This analysis is made by using machine learning. We evaluated our method by using 10-fold cross validations. The experimental result shows that precisions and recalls are more than 96% in average.


This paper is concerned with the unique global solvability of a three-dimensional (3-D) non-linear thermoelasticity system arising from the study of shape memory materials. The system consists of the coupled evolutionary problems of viscoelasticity with non-convex elastic energy and non-linear heat conduction with mechanical dissipation.

The present paper extends the previous 2-D existence result of the authors Reference [1] to 3-D case. This goal is achieved by means of the Leray–Schauder fixed point theorem using technique based on energy arguments and DeGiorgi method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract : Atmospheric optical turbulence induces phase fluctuations in a propagating electromagnetic wave. The resulting degradation in coherence limits the capability of any laser, target acquisition, or surveillance system. Past data collection methods for the parameterization of atmospheric turbulence profiles, in support of critical Theater Ballistic Missile Defense (TBM) systems, from ground level to 30 km, have depended on meteorological balloon-thermosonde systems, probes carried on the U.S. Air Force Argus aircraft, as well as radar and optical measurements. The balloon and aircraft systems measure temperature fluctuations and compute the temperature structure function, CT2 and the related index of refraction structure parameter, Cn2. It has recently become critical to explain why turbulence profiles from daytime thermosonde data consistently show a two order of magnitude increase over that taken during the night, primarily between 12-20 km. This thesis analyzed the TSI 3.8 micron platinum coated tungsten thermosonde probe used by the USAF Research Laboratory (AFRL) to quantity the magnitude of the solar heating and to investigate other heat transfer mechanisms in the probe. A model of the thin wire probe was developed to identity each of the contributions to the temperature error and its significance. Experimental measurements where collected to verify most aspects of the final model. We found that the sun induces a temperature rise in the TSI 3.8 micron fine wire probe, during the day, that can vary from near zero to 0.175 K. It is strongly dependent on probe orientation with respect to the sun and on variations in the air flow over the probe. This then causes an apparent increase by two orders of magnitude in the daytime measurements of the optical turbulence parameters CT2 and Cn2.


Aim:To study the correlation of changes for cognitive function and cerebroventricular linear structure of patients with cerebrovascular disease,and to further study the clinical feature of vascular cognitive functional impairment.Methods.Apply CT/MRI technique to measure volume and cerebroventricular linear structure of 18 cases of patients with cerebral infarction,27cases of patients with lacunar infarction,11 cases of patients with cerebral hemorrhage,to make use of items of words resolution and figure reciting in mini-mental state examination and China adult intelligence scale,image flee recall,nonsense figure recognition and portrait feature associated recall in clinic memory scale,trail making test A and B in neural mental scale to determine cognitive function of three groups of patients and 13 cases of health people.Results:There was no difference in most of cognitive function among groups of cerebral infarction,lacunar infarction, cerebral hemorrhage and control,only results of reminiscence of cognitive function for cerebral hemorrhage groups were lower than for control groups(P0.05).Sound value,cerebroventricular and anterior angle indexes and width of the third encephalocoele of patients were different from the normal value(P0.05). Sound value and width of the third encephalocoele were larger than the normal value while cerebroventricular and anterior angle indexes were lower than the normal value.Cerebroventricular index was positive correla- tion to reminiscence(r=0.280,P0.05).Anterior angle index was positive correlation to MMSE results and orientation force and reminiscence(r=0.322,0.337,0.368,P0.05),while it was negative correlation to time of trail making test A and B(r=-0.278,-0.334,P0.05).Conclusion:Cerebrovascular disease could descend cognitive function.Patients with cerebrovascular disease had encephalanalosis to some extent,atrophy of the cortex of frontal lobe and the deep white matter of subcortex was obvious.


The partial oxidation of methane to syngas(CO+H2) was studied in a perovskite-type dense O2- semipermeable membrane reactor for inveshgating the new route of natural gas conversion, and a theoretical model was developed to simulate the tube-and-shell configuration membrane reactor. The experimental results suggested that over 95% CH4 conversion and 98% Co selechvity were obtained using the reactor at 1158K, He:CH4 20:1, air flow rate 100ml·min-1 and tube side now rate 60ml·min-1. Good agreement was obtained between the experimental results and model calculation. The simulation results suggested that adiabatic membrane reaction was very mild, compared with adiabatic fixed-bed reaction Which could cause temperature runaway. The effects of reaction temperature, inlet flow-rate and membrane reactor length was investigated on reaction results. It suggested that suitable operation parameters were necessary for good reaction results and lower cost of equipment and operations.


Abstract—Nowadays, energy dissipation devices are commonly used in structures. High rate of energy absorption during earthquakes is the benefit of using such devices, which results in damage reduction of structural elements, specifically columns. The hysteretic damping capacity of energy dissipation devices is the key point that it may adversely make analysis and design process complicated. This effect may be generally represented by Equivalent Viscous Damping (EVD). The equivalent viscous damping might be obtained from the expected hysteretic behavior regarding to the design or maximum considered displacement of a structure. In this paper, the hysteretic damping coefficient of a steel Moment Resisting Frame (MRF), which its performance is enhanced by a Buckling Restrained Brace (BRB) system has been evaluated. Having foresight of damping fraction between BRB and MRF is inevitable for seismic design procedures like Direct Displacement-Based Design (DDBD) method. This paper presents an approach to calculate the damping fraction for such systems by carrying out the dynamic nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) under harmonic loading, which is tuned to the natural system frequency. Two MRF structures, one equipped with BRB and the other without BRB are simultaneously studied. Extensive analysis shows that proportion of each system damping fraction may be calculated by its shear story portion. In this way, contribution of each BRB in the floors and their general contribution in the structural performance may be clearly recognized, in advance.


Letf(x) =x(qn+1)/2+ax+b? Fqx] withb? 0,q=ptandpan odd prime. Ifnis even ora2+ 1 is a square in Fqthenf(x) does not have an irreducible quadratic factor in Fqx]. Iff(x) has a monic irreducible quadratic factor in Fqx] then it is unique and equal tox2+ 2(b/a)x+b2/(a2+ 1). A condition thatx2+ 2(b/a)x+b2/(a2+ 1) dividef(x) is expressed in terms of quadratic and biquadratic symbols which are evaluated fora= ±1, 0 and allq, ora= ±2, ±3 andq=p.


The Great Valley basin holds a remarkably thick and complete sedimentary record of the history of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic active tectonic margin of central California (Dickinson and Seely, 1979). In addition, the fill of this basin hosts some of the most significant petroleum reserves in the United States (Graham, 1987). Thus, the excellent exposures of upturned basin fill, which crop out for 700 km along the western margin of the north-south elongate basin, afford superb opportunities to examine the depositional style and stratigraphic architecture of the Great Valley basin. Prominent among the strata of the basin are thick sequences of exceptionally thick-bedded, and coarsegrained deep-marine Cretaceous and Paleogene strata which crop out in the Diablo Range near Coalinga in central California (Figure 1). During the 1960's-1980's, these strata were studied extensively because of their importance as recorders of paleogeographic and paleotectonic conditions during a critical period in continental margin history (e.g, Dickinson and others, 1979; Nilsen and McKee, 1979; Nilsen, 1987; Moxon and Graham, 1987). Specifically, the Upper Cretaceous Panoche Group and Paleocene-Eocene Lodo Formation comprise deep-marine turbidite sediments which were deposited in a forearc basin setting. Over the 70 million year period recorded by these deposits, the Great Valley basin evolved from a broad, deep-water trough in the Cretaceous to a segmented, residual, borderland-style basin, the San Joaquin sub-basin of the Great Valley basin, during the Paleogene (Nilsen and Clarke, 1975; Dickinson and others, 1979). Equally important, but little emphasized to date, however, are the implications of Panoche and Lodo strata for improved understanding of deep-water siliciclastic petroleum-reservoir systems. Although a flurry of research activity in the 1960's and 1970's established these coarse-grained rocks as turbidite sequences and placed them in the depositional context of submarine fan models available at that time (Mansfield, 1971; Nilsen and others, 1974; Ingersoll, 1979), petroleum reservoir geology was little considered in those studies. Likely, this oversight reflects the fact that these strata have little petroleum potential: they are extensively exposed through basin inversion, and where still buried, they have yielded little petroleum compared to prolific producing reservoirs such as the Upper Miocene Stevens Sandstone of the southern San Joaquin basin (Graham, 1987). Yet it is the striking similarity of Lodo Formation sandstones, specifically the Cantua Sandstone Member, to the Stevens Sandstone and other sand-rich reservoir systems that invites closer inspection of Panoche and Lodo sequences as potential reservoir analogs. The growing research emphasis in the 1980's and 1990's on three-dimensional reservoir architecture as a better descriptor of reservoir heterogeneity than traditional columnar sections has been the impetus for revisiting many well-exposed outcrop sections. Early architectural studies of outcropping reservoir analogs focused principally on nonmarine and shallow-marine strata because of the accessibility of spectacular threedimensionally exposed sedimentary sequences in the southwestern U.S., and the volumetric importance of shallow-marine petroleum reservoirs (e.g., Miall, 1985; Miall and Tyler, 1991). But pronounced differences in sedimentary processes and scales of deposits between shallow-marine and deep-marine strata suggest that a single codified architectural nomenclature is not likely applicable to both types of sequences. This notion, as well as the importance of deep-water reservoirs in certain provinces such as California, argue for careful architectural studies of deep-water reservoir analogs. As a consequence, architectural schemes for deep-water deposits recently have been proposed (Ghosh and Lowe, 1993; Pickering and others, 1995). This field trip focuses on architectural studies of two spectacularly exposed sequences of thick-bedded, coarse-grained deep-marine deposits in the southern Diablo Range near Coalinga, the Cantua Sandstone Member of the Paleogene Lodo Formation, and the Juniper Ridge Sandstone Member of the Waltham Shale of the Upper Cretaceous Panoche Group. The first day of the trip focuses on a 1.6 kilometer-long cliff face that explicitly displays the stratigraphic architecture of an especially sand-rich interval within the Cantua Sandstone Member, with opportunities for perspective overviews of the entire outcrop, as well as detailed observations of individual outcrops. We believe that the Cantua Sandstone offers an important example of stratigraphic architecture in a sandy confined system, as


F. Liu, Dr. D. Gutiérrez, Prof. J. Fontcuberta Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB Bellaterra , 08193 Catalonia , Spain E-mail: email@example.com Dr. I. Fina Experimental Department II Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2 , Halle 06120 , Germany E-mail: ignasifi email@example.com Dr. I. Fina Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL , UK Dr. G. Radaelli, Prof. R. Bertacco Dipartimento di Fisica del Politecnico di Milano Milano 20133 , Italy light. [ 3–9 ] The photoresponse of ferroelectric materials is primarily determined by its polarization state, the Schottky barriers at interfaces and the concomitant built-in electric fi elds, and the so-called bulk photovoltaic effect (BPE), which is related to the noncentrosymmetric character of the ferroelectric materials. [ 10,11 ] Assuming an homogeneous llumination, the chargedraining electric fi eld can be either generated by a built-in potential steaming from: differences between the work functions of electrodes, polarization gradients, or asymmetric distribution of defects, all of them being also at the origin of the so-called imprint electric fi eld ( E imp ), or due to unscreened polarization and the concomitant depolarizing electric fi eld ( E dep ). [ 5,12–17 ] Alternatively, it is known [ 18 ] and recently reported in thin fi lms, [ 19 ] that ferroelectrics may display BPE because, even in absence of any built-in electric fi eld E imp or E dep , photocarriers are asymmetrically scattered and generate a net charge fl ow. [ 11,13,14 ]


The "inspiration" of soil respiration due to soil rewetting might not be ignorable and should be included in calculating of the annual soil CO_2 efflux. The effect of soil rewetting on soil respiration was determined in field of a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF), a C. kawakamii plantation forest (CK), and a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) plantation forest in Sanming Nature Reserve, Fujian, China, and in laboratory at different temperature of 10℃, 19℃ and 28℃ with soil rewetting. The research, not only in the field, but also in the laboratory, found an increase of soil respiration and an subsequent decline after reaching a maximum following soil rewetting. This process can be simulated by a time model: R=ate~(-bt)+c. Higher temperature can increase the response value (E). The response of soil respiration in NF to soil rewetting showed the highest sensitive to temperature, the higher response efficiency with higher temperature. Soil respiration in CF had the highest response efficiency and the highest sensitive to soil water content, but temperature have an negative effect on its response efficiency. It was concluded that the inspiration effect of soil respiration following soil rewetting could contribute to a ignorable part of total soil CO_2 efflux on the annual basis, given the fact that there are high frequence of rain events in the local area.


Cognitive Radio has attracted a lot of attention in the recent past due to the promise of a better utilization of the available spectrum. However, it faces many constraints in its implementation. Current spectrum sensing techniques are either computationally expensive or are not accurate enough. We propose a compressive signal processing (CSP) based approach for spectrum sensing that provides good accuracy at lower complexity. Since spectrum sensing involves sampling wideband signals, the sampling rates mandated by the Nyquist-Shannon sampling criterion tend be very high. This results in a heavy burden on the hardware devices (ADCs et al) and adds to the computational woes. Compressed sensing seems to be a natural solution to this problem. But typical compressed sensing algorithms involve signal reconstruction, and can be computationally expensive. By noting that spectrum sensing is an inference problem, we adopt the CSP approach that avoids reconstruction. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CSP based detector provides high accuracy at a reasonable complexity.


A revised checklist of liverworts and hornworts of Sri Lanka is presented based on an extensive review of published literature sources and incorporating synonymy from numerous floristic reports and taxonomic revisions. A number of erroneous records and doubtfully recorded taxa have been excluded. In total 82 genera and 327 species of liverworts and 4 genera and 5 species of hornworts are accepted. For each species literature sources are listed. For synonyms the source of the synonymy is given. Further, names whose type specimens originated from Sri Lanka are indicated. Two new formal taxonomic changes are propsed: Bazzania obtusa D.G.Long & Rubasinghe, nom. nov. and Heteroscyphus fleischeri (Steph.) D.G.Long & Rubasinghe, comb. nov. An index to all accepted names and synonyms is appended.


Introduction: Arthroscopic stabilisation of shoulder joint for instability following a traumatic dislocation is gaining popularity. It has various advantages like being minimally invasive, causes minimal damage to the shoulder muscles, quicker rehabilitation, minimal loss of external rotation, and addresses the pathology. This can be performed using non-absorbable suture anchors to repair the Bankart's lesion, which involves arthroscopic knot tying. Recently, devices, which avoid tying knots, and are absorbable, have been developed for arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation. Aim: To evaluate the clinical results of arthroscopic Bankart's repair using knotless, bio-absorbable suture anchor device. Methods: A total of 32 patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder of traumatic origin underwent arthroscopic stabilisation using absorbable knotless suture anchors (Mitek U.K.). Average follow up was 2.4 years. Oxford shoulder instability score were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Results: The average age of patients at surgery was 24 (18–28). The average number of dislocations per patient were three. The average hospital stay was 1.1 days. The mean operating time was 70 minutes. 90.6 % (29 out of 32) had no further instability or dislocation. The recurrence rate was 9.4% (3 out of 32). The two redislocations required open repair and one patient has a residual instability. The average Oxford instability score was 22. All the patients returned to their pre-operative occupation. Of the 7 keen sportsmen, 5 returned to their contact sports at pre-injury level and 2 returned to their contact sports at a slightly lower level. In two cases we had breakage of anchor loop intraoperatively. Two patients had initial stiffness, which eventually resolved. No other complication was noted. Conclusion: The clinical outcome of arthroscopic stabilisation of shoulder using knotless bio-absorbable suture anchors are good and are comparable to other methods of arthroscopic Bankart's repair. The advantages are that the anchors are absorbable and there is no knot tying involved.


INTRODUCTION
Health-related attitudes can be encouraged most effectively at young ages. Young generations would require more interactive methods in programs engaged in health promotion.

AIM
The aim of the authors was to get an insight into the attitudes, experience and motivation of youngsters in connection with health promotion programs and the community service work.

METHOD
The questionnaires were filled in by high school students studying in Budapest and in the countryside (N = 898).

RESULTS
44.4% of the students did not have lessons or extracurricular activities dealing with health promotion. Concerning health promotion programs, youngsters in Budapest had more positive experience, while female students showed a more adoptive attitude.

CONCLUSIONS
It was concluded that in one of the most susceptible life stages, many youngsters either do not participate in programs dealing with health promotion, or participate in programs that are within the framework of school subjects or extracurricular activities building on traditional teaching methods.


The goal of this paper is to explore whether two experiences (a formal one, a curriculum inspired on development education, and an informal one, a students' movement called Mueve), developed at the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (Spain), could have made students acquire cosmopolitan abilities. First, we will examine several theoretical proposals by authors who have focused on cosmopolitanism and whose work is mostly framed within the capabilities approach for human development. Then, we will analyze and discuss the results of 12 in depth interviews with students who have been involved in the two initiatives referred above.


Objectives Our study aimed to explore the association between the use of effective contraceptive methods and access to different contraceptive services, as well as to describe accessibility-related obstacles when using contraceptive services and satisfaction with those services. Methods From a population-based cross-sectional study carried out in 2004 (response rate 53.8%), the data of 16- to 24-year-old women requiring contraception (N = 868) were analysed. Factors associated with the use of effective contraceptive methods and, specifically, hormonal methods, were explored using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Effective contraception was used by 75.1% of the respondents. The use of effective contraceptive methods was associated with school-based sexuality education (adjusted prevalence odds ratio 2.69; 95% confidence interval 1.32 − 5.50), visiting a youth-friendly clinic (YFC) (1.82; 1.03–3.23) or a private gynaecologist (2.08; 1.11–3.92). The use of hormonal methods was additionally associated with being a native Estonian speaker and visiting a family doctor. More than half of the respondents reported some obstacle in accessing contraceptive services. The highest satisfaction ratings were given to YFCs. Conclusions Steps to promote the use of services that are youth-friendly and associated with better uptake of effective contraceptive methods are needed among all 16- to 24-year-old women.


Polymorphisms upstream interleukin (IL)‐28B gene and serum levels of interferon gamma inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10) are associated with spontaneous and treatment‐induced hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. Patients with seronegative occult HCV infection are anti‐HCV and serum HCV‐RNA negative but have viral RNA in liver and abnormal values of liver enzymes. We examined if the rs12979860 polymorphism of IL‐28B and serum IP‐10 levels differ between chronic and seronegative occult CV infection. IL‐28B polymorphism was determined with allele specific TaqMan probes in total DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and IP‐10 by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in serum from 99 patients with seronegative occult HCV infection and 130 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. IL‐28B genotypes were also determined in 54 healthy volunteers. Prevalence of the IL‐28B CC genotype was significantly higher in seronegative occult HCV infection (52/99; 52.5%) than in chronic hepatitis C (32/130; 24.6%, P < 0.0001) or healthy controls (19/54: 32.5%, P = 0.039). Among patients with seronegative occult HCV infection, HCV‐RNA load in liver was significantly lower in those with the IL‐28B CC genotype than in those with CT + TT genotypes (2.8 × 105 ± 5.8 × 104 vs. 4.1 × 105 ± 5.9 × 104 copies/μg of total RNA respectively; P = 0.023). Mean serum IP‐10 levels were significantly lower in patients with seronegative occult HCV infection than in patients with chronic hepatitis C (160.8 ± 17.9 vs. 288.7 ± 13.3 pg/ml respectively; P < 0.0001). These findings suggest that the host immune response plays an important role in seronegative occult HCV infection in comparison with chronic hepatitis C. J. Med. Virol. 88:268–274, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


E-learning systems spreads considerably among educational institution around the world, yet, students' intention to use them is no in its optimum value. Education institutions in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia invested a lot in installation e-learning system (blackboard), yet, considerable amount of students ineffectively use it. Besides technical aspects of the e-learning system such as ease of use and interactivity, personal dimensions such as Technology readiness may contribute explaining the intention to use among students from negative and positive perspectives. This study tested technology readiness impact on intention of students among students in Saudi capital (Riyadh). 270 respondents' feedback collected. The findings showed that the negative perspectives of technology readiness (insecurity and discomfort) have insignificant impact compared to positive perspective (optimism and innovativeness).


![Figure][1]

A 20-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug use and previous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endocarditis was admitted with a 1-week history of fever, headache, and confusion. Her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed 83 × 106/L nucleated cells with 61


Heart failure (HF) patients are older and frequently present with multiple co-morbidities. Co- morbidities worsen patient symptoms and may contribute to the progression of heart failure, increase mortality or limit the therapeutic response to treatment. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) affects 2–4% of the adult population world-wide and is associated with similar risk factors to HF, meaning it is a frequent finding in HF patients, including HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF. OSA has consistently been shown to be associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure, and stroke. A thorough understanding of the diagnosis and treatment options of OSA is of paramount importance to the practising HF clinician. Patients may present to the HF specialist having been diagnosed by a formal sleep study or may be suspected of OSA because of symptoms of snoring, reports of obstructed breathing by the sleep partner or day-time sleepiness. The mainstay of treatment for OSA is a positive airway pressure mask which can be used in mild moderate and severe OSA. The need for therapy should be discussed with the patient and if the AHI is above 15/hr then treatment is indicated to reduce this to below 15. This is a consensus recommendation and no adequately powered clinical trials have shown this improves either mortality or the risk of disease progression. Other options are discussed


Gastritis can be defined as histological inflammation of the gastric mucosa. It can be classified according to the time course of the disease as acute or chronic, histological findings, anatomic location, and pathological mechanisms. The objective of this study was to evaluation of serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-17 and IL-22 in Helicobacter pylori infection and their association with the degree of gastritis histopathology in a sample of Iraqi patients. The case-control prospective study consists of 60 patients who attended the Gastrointestinal Tract Center at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital during the period from December 2019 to April 2020. In addition, the control group included 60 apparently healthy individuals. Biopsies from the gastric antrum and/or body mucosa were used to assess the severity of chronic inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia. Serum samples were obtained to determine H. pylori infection, circulating interleukin (IL)-8, IL-17, and IL-22. Results showed that the Patients' ages with gastritis ranged from 18-75 years. The body mass index revealed that 33.33% of the patients were obese and 35% of them were overweight. Most of the patients with active chronic gastritis and superficial chronic gastritis had positive titers for anti-H. pylori IgG antibody (167.89 ± 3.18 IU/ml) and (150.74± 1.45 IU/ml) respectively, which was significantly different from the control group (4.36 ± 0.29 IU/ml) (P=0.0001). Histopathological analysis showed that all subjects experienced chronic inflammation, while neutrophil infiltration was found 36.66% and there was significant association between serum levels of IL-8, IL-17, and IL-22 with a degree of chronic inflammation and neutrophils infiltration. In conclusion, the most common cause of gastritis was H. pylori with histopathological lesions, showing neutrophils infiltration and chronic gastric mucosal inflammation associated with increased levels of IL-8, IL-17, and IL-22 in serum.


I read with interest the article by Vendramin et al. reminding us with the 70th anniversary for the first artificial heart valve that was invented by Hufnagel and was first implanted in 1952. This was in an era, where standard heart valve replacement was not feasible, and the heart‐lung machine was in its very primitive phase to allow such operation to be performed in the way we do it today. This made me dig a bit in the literature and read more in‐depth about Dr. Hufnagel, one of the most gifted American surgeons and his pioneer work. Charles Anthony Hufnagel, born in Louisville, KY on August 15, 1916. His father was a surgeon. He earned his medical degree from Harvard Medical School where he was working on organ transplantation and explored the use of plastic and eventually Dacron to replace blood vessels. These Dacron implants were sewn by his student on a sail‐maker's sewing machine. He initially used these implants on dogs and later he sterilized them for use in humans. He joined George Town University as the director of cardiac surgery research from 1950 till 1979. He was also a professor and chair of surgery from 1969 till 1979. This amazing surgeon wasted no time, and his innovations are innumerable. He developed devices for surgical repair of blood vessels, he is credited with developing the second heart‐lung machine in the United States. He learned from his failures and used that to create more successes later. After a failed aneurysm surgery, he asked his resident to keep the patient on the ventilator and external chest compressor and noticed the kidneys remained functioning and producing urine. He used this technique later to preserve the kidney of another patient to be used for the first renal transplant at Georgetown. He had the courage to offer a pregnant woman a kidney transplant, in which the kidney was sewn in the antecubital fossa, draped with surgical towels, and heated by a gooseneck lamp. This represented the first kidney transplant in America and lasted enough till her acute kidney injury recovered. So many of these innovative ideas that no one imagined, it was possible in that previous era. His implantation of this first "aortic assist" device in a 30‐year‐old woman who had rheumatic fever resulted in severely damaged aortic valve (AV), gave this patient a chance of survival for almost a decade later and she died of unrelated cause. It is amazing that this same approach was used almost 40 years later by Cale and colleagues to treat four high operative risk patients with failed aortic bioprostheses. Hufnagel described later his approach for aortic regurgitation (AR) in his article "the direct approach for the correction of aortic insufficiency" that was published in 1961, where he discussed the different etiologies of AR, types of aortic valvular lesions, and different methods of reconstruction and replacement of the native AV. In this fascinating article, he described different surgical techniques for AR, such as the use of homograft "homotransplantation of the aortic valve," placing his plastic valve via ventriculo‐aortic anastomotic technique, and the development of different cusp type valves to replace the native AV in the subcoronary position whether partially or totally. This later technique was reported in over 100 patients in that article with excellent results. Interesting enough, the term "homotransplantation of the aortic valve" was also used by Cooley and Debakey where they used Hufnagel technique and placed aortic homograft in the descending aorta in dogs to treat "surgically created" AR. At that time, homograft use was associated with bleeding and high early failure. Dr. Hufnagel was a member of more than 75 surgical and academic societies all over the world and he authored more than 400


Constructivism holds that learning dose not mean the simple transformation of teacher's knowledge to students,but the process for students to construct their own knowledge by depending on the situation.Based on the teaching theory,the Financial Accounting course in college financial accountancy specialty should be designed as student-centered teaching.by conducting the creation of teaching situations throughout the teaching process,and paying attention to the diversity of comprehensive evaluation method and the comprehensive evaluation function of teaching effect so as to establish a new teaching mode adapted to the constructivism teaching theory.


ANSWER The causative organism was identified as Leishmania panamensis, on the basis of its morphologic and biochemical properties. Among the WHO's list of "neglected" tropical infections, leishmaniasis remains a worldwide health problem featuring many different and complex clinical presentations.1 This case underscores the importance of considering Leishmania in recent travelers who present with chronic, cutaneous, painless ulcers on return from foreign countries in which the disease is endemic. Prompt diagnosis facilitates early and appropriate treatment and may help to prevent further progression of this potentially devastating disease. Ulcerative nodules in a sporotrichoid pattern represent a significant diagnostic challenge for dermatologists and pathologists. Common etiologies include pyoderma gangrenosum, atypical mycobacteria, Nocardia species, and Coccidioides species, which should all be excluded.2,3 Definitive diagnosis is commonly made with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. Other studies can help to confirm the diagnosis, including utilization of polymerase chain reaction studies, serologic assays, isoenzyme analysis, monoclonal antibody immunohistochemical analysis (Fig. 4), or Novy–MacNeal– Nicolle (NNN) media.3,4 The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention provides the Novy–MacNeal–Nicolle media for Leishmania inoculation. The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention also offers free speciation services through polymerase chain reaction, a valuable service that was used in this case (Fig. 5).3 Histologic examination is an important technique for the definitive diagnosis of leishmaniasis.4 Cutaneous leishmaniasis commonly features amastigotes, known as Leishman–Donovan bodies, which are typically present within macrophages. Histologic examination may also show a polycellular infiltrate and/or granuloma formation. Histologic findings in our case included necrosis and a prominent histiocytic infiltrate (Figs. 2, 3). Histopathological identification of leishmaniasis is sometimes difficult and special stains such as Giemsa stain or immunohistochemical stain are helpful. Cell culture can prove to be equally challenging due to the fastidious nature of the Leishmania organisms.3 Cell culture failed to grow any organisms in our case. Despite the difficulty associated with trying to isolate these protozoan parasites, cellular culture remains the "gold standard" method to make the definitive diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease, which is endemic in every continent except Australia and Antarctica. Parasite transmission occurs through bite of the female phlebotomine sandfly, which may or may not be painful.1 Disease manifestations vary and are largely dependent upon which Leishmania species is acquired.5 More than 20 Leishmania species have been identified, each featuring a unique geographic predilection. Leishmaniasis may first present with a wide variety of clinical findings ranging from a localized cutaneous ulcer to diffuse, painless, dermal nodules. In the case of the mucocutaneous form, ulceration of the oropharynx may be observed.3 FIGURE 4. Histologic findings from a punch biopsy of the larger right lower leg lesion sent to the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of special immunofluorescent preparation performed by the CDC reveals prominent amastigotes (antileishmania antibody immunohistochemical stain, ·40).


Ecological Marxism have been born in the 1970s with a kind of ethos,which is the product that combine with the Western ecological movement and Marxism.In order to try to overcome the ecological crisis and in search of a road to socialism,Ecological Marxism devote Marxist views to analyze and interpret the ecology problem with the purpose of complementing,rebuilding and transcendence the Marxism.A great many analysts,including some self styled eco-socialists,are prepared to acknowledge that Marx had profound insights into the environmental problem,but nonetheless argue that these insights were marginal to his work,and that he did not leave a significant ecological legacy that carried forward into later socialist thought or that had any relation to the subsequent development of ecology.On the basis of reading foster's documentation,the writer think that it is necessary to interpret foster's thought of Karl Marx's ecological and build the ecological Marxism,which can instruct us how to treat and solve the ecological problems.


Permitted in Designated Areas Only (Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1996) 1997 Thomas P. Miller, University of Arizona, for The Formation of College English: Rhetoric and Belles Lettres in the British Cultural Provinces (Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1997), and Marilyn S. Stemglass, City College, City University of New York, for Time to Know Them: A Longitudinal Study of Writing and Learning at the College Level (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1997) 1998 Sharon Crowley, Penn State University, for Composition in the University: Historical and Polemical Essays (Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1998)


ABSTRACT Existing research has focused on factors explaining self-employment decisions, and the intergenerational transmission of self-employment has been posited as one explanatory factor. However, findings differ across countries, and the channels for such transmission remain unclear. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, we analyse whether working in the same occupation as parents, conditional on parents' self-employment, is related to being self-employed. Results show that working in the same occupation as parents is statistically and significantly related to being self-employed, which may indicate the existence of intergenerational transmission of self-employment. Furthermore, this relationship is especially significant between fathers and sons.


This paper makes a demonstration investigation about the grading scale structure of the Guanzhong city group in Shaanxi province with the use of fractal theories and methods,which is correspondingly the maturest one in all the theories of this field.It could be concluded through the models that the grading scale structure of the Guanzhong city group is dispersive and still in the initial or metaphase stage,since the fractal dimensions of the population and economic distributing is less than 1.For the sake of quickening the construction and development of the Guanzhong city group,the function of Xian should be strengthened.The development of Baoji and Xianyang should be paid more attention and the scale of Weinan and Tongchuan should be expanded.


Objective To study the status of telomerase activity during the development of thyroid tumors,and to determine whether telomerase activity can be used clinically as a molecular marker in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer.Methods Telomerase activity was measured in 37 thyroid carcinomas,33 benign thyroid lesions and 30 normal thyroid tissue samples by means of telomerase repeat amplification procedure-polymerase chain reaction(TRAP-PCR).The assay was also applied to 15 fine needle aspirates(FNAs) of thyroid carcinomas to test its sensitivity.Results Thirty-one of 37 thyroid carcinomas(83.8%),7 of 33 benign thyroid lesions(21.2%),and 4 of 30 adjacent normal thyroid tissue asmples expressed telomerase activity,15 FNAs also had positive telomerase activity,just as their corresponding tissue specimens.The quantitative analysis showed that the telomerase activity was significantly higher in thyroid carcinomas than that in benign thyroid tissue samples.And medullary carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas had higher levels of telomerase activity than papillary carcinomas.Conclusion Telomerase activity is a good marker for thyroid carcinomas.The quantitative TRAP-PCR might have more potential application in the differential diagnosis of tumors and the estimation of tumor progression and prognosis.And this sensitive assay could become a useful new modality for supplementing microscopic cytopathology in the detection of cancer cells in small tissue samples and FNAs.


West Bromwich-born jazz legend Val Wiseman is back in the town this Friday (26 July) to perform a special concert at Sandwell Arts Cafe.


The purpose of this study was to compare the Title IX compliance trends of high school sports in Florida over the past two decades (1985-2005) against national trends. The literature review discusses: the historical events leading to Title IX, the administrative implementation of Title IX, the legal perspective of Title IX, and the impact of Title IX on gender equity in sports. The study was conducted between January and June, 2007. The data focused on: male and female participants in high school sports in Florida, the numbers of male and female participants in high school sports across the nation, and enrollment figures of high schools in both Florida and the nation. The results indicate there was no significant difference between national Title IX compliance trends and Florida Title IX compliance trends in high school sports during 1985 through 2005. In fact, there was widespread non-compliance with the substantial proportionality of Title IX, with some improvements in compliance over time. Future research should focus on other strategies to comply with Title IX.


P food manufacturers place great importance on the aroma of their products, as off-odours may be unappealing to both the pets and their owners. Confident identification of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from pet food can help these companies better understand the factors governing the release of pleasant and unpleasant aromas. VOC aroma profiles are typically analysed by solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), which although a fast and simple technique, can be limited in terms of sample capacity, reproducibility and sensitivity. An alternative to SPME is high-capacity probe-based sorptive extraction, which results in higher sample loadings because of the large volume of PDMS phase. Typically, a SPME fiber has a sorbent volume of just 0.5 μL, while the sorptive extraction probes used in this study contain 65 μL of sorbent. When used in conjunction with secondary refocusing by thermal desorption (TD), the result is greater sensitivity across a wide analyte range. Further analytical benefits can be achieved for analyte separation and detection, by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOF MS). The enhanced separation capacity of this approach is ideal for handling the complex aroma samples of pet food, because it allows the entire composition to be screened in a single analysis, with confident identification of compounds that would ordinarily co-elute. Here we demonstrate the value of high-capacity sorptive extraction with TD–GC×GC– TOF MS to investigate the volatile compounds present in the headspace of pet food and discuss how these compounds might influence their aroma profiles. Biography


Some of the important future applications of mobile robot systems are autonomous indoor and outdoor measurements of building, factories and objects in three dimensional view. A goal of such measurement is to provide us with a detailed map of the environment with the interesting characteristics. This map can then be transferred into a model, which represents the measuring objects. By following an automated proceeding, an autonomous measurement robot could be useful in order to extract independently the map and the model of the environment. The environmental model can then be directly used by the autonomous mobile robots for navigation. A further increase of the effectiveness in map production can be achieved, if the environment is mapped by several robots, or whole robot fleets. Such an approach can be for example, by reducing the exploration time. paper develops the framework for 3D mapping using multimobile robots. Two mobile robots equipped with different sensors capabilities are used. The main contribution of the paper is to autonomously build a 3D map of indoor environments within a good exploration time by using multimobile robots. Employing multiple autonomous robots with different types of sensors, two different algorithms are presented in this paper. The first is an algorithm for natural feature extraction using stereo camera in order to build a 3D feature-based map. The second is an algorithm to extract geometrical features from range images in order to build a 3D model of the environment. The algorithms and the framework are demonstrated on an experimental testbed that involves a team of two mobile robots. One of them is working as a master equipped with stereo camera. Whereas the second is involved as a slave equipped with a rotated laser scanner sensor.


The combination of immense information, limited budget and a boundless cyber world has made people in the new century confront an unprecedentedly rapid development in technology. No individual library in this situation is able to fulfill goals of compiling enough collection and providing complete services alone. Inevitably, interlibrary cooperation based on information infrastructure and resources sharing become a closest solution. This research adopted methods of literatures analysis, questionnaire survey and interviews. The questionnaire, targeted on the 17 various veteran hospitals in Taiwan, was designed to collect data of the VHNet (Cooperative Network of Digital Veteran Hospitals Medical Resources) so that its current status, problems, difficulties and users' satisfaction could be analyzed, diagnosed and thus comments and suggestions could be provided. This research concluded that VHNet, under the administrative supervision of VACS (The Veterans Affairs Commission of the Executive Yuan of the ROC) and well-schemed planning of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, had not only achieved its goal of resources sharing, but also had set a model of professional interlibrary cooperation.


We have used hydrostatic pressure and controlled illumination to investigate the one-dimensional quantized conductance of ballistic channels formed by split-gates on high quality GaAs/AlGAsAs single hetero-interfaces.


It has been hypothesized that nonnative shrub removal may increase browsing on natives, due to increased visual apparency to the white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus. This is the first study to test this hypothesis directly. A deciduous forest in Grantham, PA was divided into 10m x 10m plots. The plots were randomly selected for either nonnative shrub removal or a control treatment. Nine long-stemmed tulips were planted in each plot, and chicken wire exclosures provided a control against herbivory in one tulip per plot. Chi-square analysis revealed that nonnative shrub removal and browsing are independent at high deer densities (>65 deer/mi). Nonnative shrubs were persistent, requiring multiple attempts at removal. Further work is needed to determine if this trend remains at lower deer densities.


The publication of A Flora of the Liverworts and Hornworts of New Zealand, Volume 2, which covers the Geocalycaceae, Brevianthaceae and Lophocoleaceae, has been widely anticipated. The time lapse of nearly a decade since the publication of Volume 1 (Engel & Glenny 2008) reflects the fact that the majority of the circumscriptions of species in the Lophocoleaceae had not been substantially revised in more than half a century, effectively since the works of Hodgson (1943, 1953). Volume 2 is based on an extensive series of recent publications in the primary literature (e.g., Engel 2010, 2015, 2016), and is the first monographic treatment of the Lophocoleaceae, including the diverse New Zealand genera Chiloscyphus, Heteroscyphus and Leptoscyphus. The geographic scope of Volume 2 has increased to include Tasmania, which reflects the widely acknowledged floristic linkage between the bryophyte floras of Tasmania and New Zealand, and this enhances the utility of the work on both sides of the Tasman Sea. The volume will be of value to Tasmanian bryologists, and it may help New Zealanders find undetected Tasmanian species. This is a positive change that I hope will be continued in future volumes. All taxonomic works should build on their strengths, and the descriptive prowess of Volume 2 continues the tradition of high quality, detailed and comprehensive treatment started by Evans (1902, 1903), and adopted by Schuster (1957), which has become industry standard. The descriptive content of Volume 2 will therefore be familiar to all readers actively engaged with bryology, and an education to those who are not. An example of a rather evocative description, and of one of my favorite fragments, is the following, ''oil-bodies... pale smoky grey and with a very faint burnt-orange tint.'' Family descriptions include genera not found in New Zealand, and this is excellent because they provide a global perspective on morphological diversity, and retain their utility in the event that unexpected or unanticipated phylogenetic diversity be discovered in New Zealand or Tasmania. The summary of family classifications is an excellent aid to memory and guide to the diversity and the literature describing them. New Zealand and Tasmania house a rich Lophocoleaceae flora, and the diversity and beauty of these charismatic plants is effectively communicated by the illustrations, which are provided for every species. The illustrations are technically accurate and compositionally appealing and fulfil the dual role of facilitating identification and doing justice to the plants. That full illustrations are provided for every species is a significant strength, because they increase the utility of the associated descriptive text. The ecology sections are rich in detail, and effectively communicate both the specifics and diversity of microsites occupied by each species. Some of my favorite passages of habitat descriptions include ''with an open understory dominated by Pseudowintera colorata, including narrow, shallow,


This technical note presents a simple method for determining the parameter stability regions of linear control systems with some variable elements in system matrix A . These variable elements may lie in the same row or in different rows. An example is then given for illustration.


.................................................................................................................................. 18 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 19 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................ 21 Plant Culture ..................................................................................................................... 21 Plant Propagation .............................................................................................................. 22 Rainout Box ...................................................................................................................... 24 Experimental Design ......................................................................................................... 24 Drought Conditions ........................................................................................................... 25 Data Collection ................................................................................................................. 25 viii Results ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER III ANTIOXIDANT PIGMENT RESPONSES OF THREE HYBRID BERMUDAGRASS CULTIVARS EXPOSED TO DROUGHT .................................... 34 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 35 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 36 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................ 44 Plant culture ...................................................................................................................... 44 Rainout box ....................................................................................................................... 46 Drought Conditions ........................................................................................................... 47 Experimental Design ......................................................................................................... 47 Data Collection ................................................................................................................. 49 Statistical analysis ............................................................................................................. 51 Results and Discussion ........................................................................................................... 52 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................... 63.................................................................................................................................. 35 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 36 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................ 44 Plant culture ...................................................................................................................... 44 Rainout box ....................................................................................................................... 46 Drought Conditions ........................................................................................................... 47 Experimental Design ......................................................................................................... 47 Data Collection ................................................................................................................. 49 Statistical analysis ............................................................................................................. 51 Results and Discussion ........................................................................................................... 52 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................... 63 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 67 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................... 77 VITA ......................................................................................................................................... 109


Contracts lie at the heart of the regulatory system governing the creation and dissemination of cultural products in two respects: (i) The exclusive rights provided by copyright law only turn into financial reward, and thus incentives to creators, through a contract with a third party to exploit protected material. (ii) From a user perspective, purchases of protected material may take the form of a licensing contract, governing behaviour after the initial transaction. The renewed interest in the relationship of copyright and contract law can be traced quite precisely to the mid-1990s. There was a major technological shift, with the rapid adoption of the WorldWideWeb as a consumer medium (Netscape?s Navigator browser was released in 1994). In parallel, the media and entertainment sector experienced a wave of consolidation, with multinational enterprises keen to hedge their bets in the rapid growth of Internet services (in 2000, AOL merged with Time Warner to create what was then the world?s largest media company). In the new ?private ordering of cyberspace?, contracts played a major part. Not only was there a sudden question mark over who owned the rights to new digital uses of existing works. Changing contractual practices began to cover these new forms of exploitation, and (if permitted by the governing law) unforeseen uses. Creators deride these new practices as ?rights grabbing?; publishers and producers characterise them as ?due diligence?. The digital environment also changed the contractual relationship between buyers and sellers. Traditionally, the producers and distributors of copyright materials were not much concerned about the consumers? after-sale behaviour. General principles relating to trading standards and the sale of goods applied. Once a physical carrier was bought in good order, the relationship to the right owner was severed ? at least in the private sphere. A consumer could read, play, modify, or even copy a work. The purchased book or record could also be sold on under the doctrines of ?first sale? (US), or ?exhaustion of rights? (EU). In the digital world, the relationship between buyer and seller may persist after the initial transaction, prescribing conditions of use that have no source in copyright law. This article deals with contracting at the beginning of the value chain, i.e. contracts between creators and intermediaries, the first step in bringing a work to the market. Since the article is based on a study for the UK Strategic Advisory Board for IP Policy (SABIP), the focus is on British and European law, with other jurisdictions consulted primarily to assess the range of possible regulatory options.


In this study, the protective properties provided by new surface treatments for aluminum aiming the replacement of treatments that are harmful to the environment and human health, have been evaluated. The following treatments were investigated: passivation in solution with trivalent chromium ions, surface modification with self assembling molecules (SAM), immersion in boiling water for oxide growth, immersion in boiling water with additives, specifically zirconia (ZrO2) particles and cerium ions. The combination of these latter treatments along with the treatment with self assembling molecules was also investigated. The effect of surface treatment of commercially pure aluminum (AA1050) with fluor/zirconium complexes [ZrF6] -2 was also tested. The corrosion resistance of the various surface treatments was evaluated by various techniques, specifically, salt spray test according to ASTM B-117 standard, electrochemical techniques and scanning electron microscopy, (SEM). The electrochemical techniques used were open circuit potential measurements as a function of immersion time, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves, both anodic and cathodic. The results showed that the treatment based on Zr, either with nanoceramic zirconia particles (ZrO2) or fluor/zirconium complexes [ZrF6] , did not increase the aluminum corrosion resistance, and this was evidenced by the salt spray tests. Immersion of degreased and deoxidized aluminum surface in solution with selfassembling molecules did not increase corrosion resistance. The treatment of immersion in boiling water for oxide growth resulted in the formation of a porous oxy-hydroxide film that assisted localized attack as pitting corrosion at the surface. The surface treatment with self-assembling molecules after immersion in boiling water for oxide growth, in turn, produced a surface layer with improved


Macrophages increase in number in dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
following nerve injury, and their activities are referred as to
induce neuropathic pain. Macrophages exhibiting ED-1+
immunostaining were examined quantitatively in lumbar ipsi-
(iDRG) and contralateral (cDRG) ganglia of naive rats and those
following nerve injury. An amount of ED-1+ macrophages were
found in naive DRG without intimate location to the neuronal
bodies. ED-1+ was significantly enlarged and located close to
neuronal bodies in iDRG 2 and 4 weeks from sciatic nerve
ligature. cDRG also displayed an increase amount of ED-1+
macrophages, predominantly following 4 weeks. Ventral root
transection resulted in an increased amount of ED-1+ cells in
both i- and cDRG. However, the enlargement was similar on both
sides after 2 weeks, but greater elevation was observed only in
iDRG after 4 weeks. The results indicate that nerve injury
stimulated invasion of ED-1+ macrophages predominantly into
iDRG, and later to cDRG, and suggested that Wallerian
degeneration produces signals for invasion of macrophages to
cDRG.


Providing laden serum growth factors that can prompt efficiently the proliferation of stem cells. Platelet residual ratio of less than 20 minutes from blood collection, not more than 20% of the total platelet volume, and the release rate of cell growth factor with human serum for cell culture is 20% or more.


List of illustrations Acknowledgements 1. First contact: Introducing technoscience 2. Resistance is futile? 3. The gremlin effect 4. It's alive 5. Technology untamed Conclusion Filmography Bibliography


Abstract In previous reviews an attempt has been made to cover the whole corrosion field for the year in question. However, because of the difficulty of giving a balanced appraisal of progress over such a wide area, the present review and future reports will cover selected fields for the preceding five years. The first of the new series is concerned with the reactions between metals, alloys or coatings and gaseous environments, particularly at elevated temperatures.


Multi-paragraph reading comprehension requires the model to infer answers of arbitrary user-generated questions by reasoning cross-passage information. Previous work usually generates answer by directly employing a pointer network to predict the start and end position of the answer. However, span-level reading is insufficient since intermediate words may matter more. In this paper, we propose a novel unified network that includes a selector, a Token-level dynamic reader, and a Hybrid verifier (TH-Net). The core of token-level dynamic reader is a gate mechanism which dynamically selects important intermediate words according to boundary words. We decide the reader score from each token being both the boundary and the content. Moreover, we adopt a hybrid network verifier considering semantic answer-answer and entailment question-answer relationships to robust the model in case of being fooled by adversarial answers. Our experiments on SQuAD-document, SQuAD-open, and Trivia-wiki datasets show significant and consistent improvement as compared to other baselines and achieve the state-of-the-art performance on two of them.


The characteristics of two cyanobacterial strains, Anabaena oryzae and Nostoc muscorum, were studied in order to use them as biofertilizers in a field experiment conducted in the two winter seasons of 2021 and 2022 at the Ismailia Agricultural Research Center Station to study the effect of both strains on peanut plant in sandy soil. Cyanobacterial strains were used individually by coating seed, soil drench, and foliar applications, as well as mixed applications of two strains in various ways. Both cyanobacterial strains morphological examination revealed that they both have heterocysts, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in their culture filtrate, and they were able to produce chlorophyll a and phosphatase enzymes. The results of an agricultural experiment showed that using Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena oryzae separately had a positive effect on peanut plants in a variety of applications, but combining both of these applications with 75% nitrogen increased the growth traits, nutrient contents, and soil biological activities in both peanut plants and their rhizosphere soil. The soil drench treatment with A. oryzae and Nostoc muscorum plus 75% nitrogen produced the highest growth results and peanut yields in a single application. The A. oryzae Soil Drench Application (S) + N. muscorum Foliar Application (F) with 75% N reported the best outcomes in mixed treatments. However, compared to single applications, all blended applications displayed better growth and yield characteristics. The results of the study suggest that employing cyanobacteria in a mixed application will enhance its advantages over a single use.


As an illustrator, writer, and playwright, Roger Mello has brought delight to children and adults alike, illustrating over one hundred titles, and writing twenty of them himself. Born in Brazil in 1965, Roger Mello grew up with a love of reading, drawing, and writing. His illustrations provide avenues to explore the history and culture of Brazil. The driving force behind Roger Mello's work is the need to tell a story, and he satisfies this need without imposing an agenda or attempting to moralize or teaching a lesson. He does not underestimate a child's ability to recognize and decode cultural phenomena in images, and his illustrations allow the child to be guided through stories by their imaginations ("Imágenes y palabras de Roger Mello y Graça lima [Pictures and Words by Roger Mello]"). Travel and discovery are important aspects of Mello's artistic expression. The culturally and geographically rich content of his illustrations reflect his passion for folklore and other cultural production, and for worldly exploration. embedded within many of Mello's celebrated illustrations is identifiable cultural content, allowing his young viewers to make imagination-fueled escapes to unknown lands and civilizations. Young children can develop relationships with both their own cultures and those of other childreaders around the world through illustrated storybooks; exotic yet relatable images encourage children to immerse themselves in social experience and differing ways of life, establishing a respectful and appreciative understanding of other cultures. This essay explores the recognizable historical and cultural aspects of Roger Mello's Rger M ello: im e nd Trsform aions


To whom do we owe obligations of socio-economic justice? How are such obligations generated? Internationalism denotes a range of approaches to these questions. This paper examines Andrea Sangiovanni's—an internationalist—response to these questions. Sangiovanni argues that we owe egalitarian obligations only to those in the state, and that egalitarian obligations are generated through relationships of 'reciprocity'. His is a 'reciprocity-based internationalism' (RBI). RBI has two components—one normative and another empirical. In this paper, I will assume the normative component, but reject its empirical component. My rejection of the empirical component has normative implications for RBI, which generate egalitarian obligations beyond the state. In other words, my revision of RBI is an argument in favour of international egalitarian obligations not generated through cosmopolitanism, but through internationalism.


The invention relates to a management method and equipment of a data packet cache. The management method comprises the following steps: communication equipment receives a writing command, and acquires data packet information, wherein the communication equipment determines the cache mode of the data packet according to the data packet information and preset cache strategy, and the cache mode comprises an outer cache mode and an inner and outer combination cache mode combining outer cache and inner cache; and the communication equipment caches the data packet to outer cache equipment, or outer and inner cache equipment according to the determined cache mode. By the management method and equipment, the cache bandwidth use ratio can be improved.


Against the historical‐conceptual background of EU social policy and evolutionary governance, this article analyses the approach with which the EU propagates social investment policies. Social investment, understood as an active rather than passive way of social protection, has become a salient instrument for reinvigorating the EU's social dimension, especially in the aftermath of the sovereign debt crisis. By means of a large‐scale document analysis, we develop four EU social investment propagation approaches (reference, objective, tool, and action) according to how active (passive) and concrete (abstract) the EU's intervention in social investment is. The results show that the EU mainly propagates social investment with an active approach, i.e., policy recommendations targeted at national governments. In terms of substance, the EU's treatment of social investment is based on labour activation policies backed by skills development and job search support policies, which is consistent with the main purpose of social investment.


If the winemaker is "a person who grows grapes, makes the wine" according to the French dictionary, it's a summary definition to define the winegrower in the 21st century and there are few wineries that are defined by this single technical and cultural function. The winemaker is at the same time a technician or an oenologist, a commercial, a communicating people. And among all those functions now has appeared a tourism component requiring professionalism in hospitality, talents of educators, his imagination to create original and friendly meetings. The offer proposed by the winemakers is diverse, rich and filled with originality. Now the winemaker "irrigates" the rural world by providing access to culture. And he moves from cultivation to culture activities in a natural way. TAGS Wine Tourism, cultural actor, winemaker, rural areas. GERBAL-MÉDALLE / CULTUR / YEAR 8 No 03 OCT (2014). EDITION SPÉCIALE 117


Magnetic chitosan-modified CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, CS/CoFe2O4, were successfully synthesized by an in situ coprecipitation technique. The structure, crystal phase, surface morphology and magnetic properties of CS/CoFe2O4 were characterized by FTIR, TGA, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX and VSM analyses. The as-prepared CS/CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were employed to adsorb Acid Yellow 17 dye (AY17) from aqueous solutions. The influence of experimental parameters, such as pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial dye concentration on the efficiency of AY17 adsorption was studied. The maximum dye removal percentage reached 90% after 90 min adsorption at pH 4.0 and 323 K for the solution with an initial AY17 concentration of 30 mg L and CS/CoFe2O4 dose of 0.01 g. The adsorption kinetics agreed well with the pseudo-second order model. The isothermal data preferably followed the Langmuir model, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 89.10 mg g. Thermodynamic studies illustrated that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous.


In this paper, we study the properties of the positive solutions
of a $\gamma$-Laplace equation in $R^n$

-div$(|\nabla u|^{\gamma-2}\nabla u) =K u^p$,

Here $1 \gamma$,
$p=\frac{(\gamma-1)(n+\gamma)}{n-\gamma}$ and $K(x)$ is a smooth
function bounded by two positive constants. First, the positive
solution $u$ of the $\gamma$-Laplace equation above satisfies an
integral equation involving a Wolff potential. Based on this, we
estimate the decay rate of the positive solutions of the
$\gamma$-Laplace equation at infinity. A new method is introduced
to fully explore the integrability result established recently by
Ma, Chen and Li on Wolff type integral equations to derive the
decay estimate.


Abstract With the current pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), measures of social isolation were necessary, and this resulted in the interruption of several treatments. Regarding neuro-oncological patients, especially those with central nervous system (CNS) disorders, this interruption can cause serious damage or even compromise the success of the treatment in the future. It is essential that each case be evaluated separately to decide how to continue treatment during the pandemic, always considering the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the benefits that the treatment will bring. The policy of not prescribing potentially toxic drugs, chemotherapy, and immunosuppressive therapies, as well as the use of techniques like stereotactic biopsy and telemedicine are important strategies at this time.


1 Recent studies have shown that international medical graduates (IMG) comprise a substantial and 2 increasingly larger share of the medical workforce, internationally. IMGs wishing to work in 3 English-speaking countries face many challenges. And overcoming such challenges plays an 4 important role in ensuring a more comfortable transition and improved outcomes for patients. This 5 study addresses one such area of concern: the efficient acquisition of advanced language 6 competence for use in the medical workplace. This research also addresses the needs of medical 7 students and practitioners in other countries, where English is not the primary language. 8 Medical terminology and phrasing is based on a tradition spanning more than 2500 years—a 9 tradition that cuts across typical linguistic and cultural boundaries. Indeed, as is commonly 10 understood, the language required by doctors and other medical professionals varies substantially 11 from the norm. In the present study, this dynamic is exploited to identify and characterize the 12 language and patterns of usage specific to medical English, as it is used in practice and reporting. 13 Overall, constructions comprised of preposition-dependent nouns, verbs and adjectives were found 14 to be most prevalent (38%), followed by prepositional phrases (33%). The former includes 15 constructions such as "present with", "present to", and "present in"; while constructions such as 16 "of ... patient", "in ... group", and "with ... disease" comprise the latter. Preposition-independent 17 noun and verb-based constructions were far less prevalent overall (18% and 5%, respectively). 18 Up to now, medical language reference and learning material has focused on relatively uncommon, 19 but essential, Greek and Latin terminology. This research challenges this convention, by 20 demonstrating that medical language fluency would be acquired more efficiently by focusing on 21 prepositional phrases or preposition-dependent verbs, nouns, and adjectives in context. This work 22 PeerJ PrePrints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1711v2 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 6 Feb 2016, publ: 6 Feb 2016 should be of high interest to anyone interested in improved communication competence within the 23 English-speaking medical workplace and beyond. 24 What this paper adds What is already known on this subject • International medical graduates make up a substantial portion of the medical workforce • Imperfect medical English creates challenges for international medical graduates • Subideal language impacts credibility and has been associated with increased risk to patients What this study adds • Preposition-dependent terms, following Germanic usage patterns, dominate medical English • Complex terms derived from Greek and Latin are far less prevalent than assumed • Medical English learning expected to be expedited by focus on preposition-dependent terms 25


To create a new perspective in studying philosophical anthropology,first,we need to broaden our vision theoretical resources and of our starting point.Thinkers in the history,such as Descartes,Locke,Hume and Hegel,they respectively study the issue of individual of human being from different angels,from the angel of personality,from the angel of self,from the angel of individuality or from the angel of "desein",we need to interrogate all of these theoretical resources together.In addition,the traditional studies of human individuals is mainly concerned with the issue of identity of person,or of self,namely,the essence of person.Contemporary philosophy considers the issue of value ahead,and Marxism stresses on the issue of practice,we need to make the studies of essence,the study of value and the study of practice united.Otherwise, our study is supposed to be able to respond the challenges proposed by natural science and humanity,social science of our era.We also need to develop critical studies on the sensitive issues of personality of our daily life,on the issue of contemporary construction of personal civilization.


This study aims to examine the superiority of Guided discovery learning discovery findings and to determine the significance of the interaction between Guided discovery learning and motivation for learning outcomes of science and critical attitudes of students. The design of this study uses a quasi-type nonequivalent control group design pre-test and post-test type. The subjects of this study were the sixth-grade students of Public Elementary Schools in Mojokerto City 2016/2017 Academic Year. Determination of the sample using cluster random sampling technique, and obtained the research sample is SDK Kranggan 1 and SDN Surodinawan with a total of 144 students. The research data was collected using tests, motivation questionnaires, and critical attitude questionnaires. Data analysis using manova factorial design technique. All calculations use the help of the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 for Windows application program. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that: (1) there are differences in learning outcomes of significant science and critical attitudes between groups of students who use guided Guided discovery learning findings and groups of students who use expository Guided discovery learning; (2) there are differences in learning outcomes of science and students' critical attitudes that are significant between groups of students who have high motivation and groups of students who have low motivation; and (3) there is no significant interaction effect between Guided discovery learning and motivation on learning outcomes of science and critical attitudes of students


This article explores the relationship between investment arbitration proceedings and regulatory
authorities in the context of allegations of corruption relating to the underlying investment.
This article discusses a number of awards in which arbitral tribunals have addressed
allegations of corruption relating to the underlying investment, and where in many cases
there has been a concurrent investigation by the host State or other regulatory authorities
into that alleged corruption. Further, this article explores the challenges which can arise for
an arbitral tribunal, including situations where the arbitral tribunal may have access to more
information than regulators, where an arbitral tribunal may be called upon to scrutinize the
actions or inactions of a host State regulator and where a regulatory finding contradicts a
finding of a tribunal. This article also explores core conceptual issues such as the evidential
burden of proof in relation to a corruption allegation, whether an allegation of corruption
relating to an investment is a jurisdictional or substantive issue and the extent to which arbitrators
have a duty to uphold anti-corruption norms.


The current campaign in Afghanistan has lasted for over nine years and the Taliban has grown into a formidable insurgency, seemingly capable of enforcing a stalemate upon the world's most powerful militaries. Counterinsurgency (COIN) has therefore become a critically important issue in international affairs. Accordingly, this paper explains why a lack of cultural awareness will condemn a counterinsurgency to almost certain defeat, and subsequently link this statement's accuracy to the current campaign in Afghanistan. An initial analysis of the Afghan campaign in terms of perceived ethnocentrism and a lack of an attempt to positively influence perceptions demonstrates this point effectively. Consequently, an analysis of the successful integration of cultural awareness in historical counterinsurgencies in Malaya, Vietnam and Dhofar, serves to prove that the two most prominent counterinsurgent actors in Afghanistan today have a strong historical precedent for doing what they are not today. An explanation for this significant paradox is then found in the analysis of three notable theories on counterinsurgent and insurgent strategy and culture, and on military culture and organizational learning.


Zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized by using continuous microwave (Mw) flow synthesis. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques to study the phase composition, particle size and morphology. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed an increase in the particle size from 6–12 nm upon increasing the reaction time. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were utilized to explore the surface defects and oxygen vacancies present in the ZnO. PL results confirmed a gradual decrease in the intensity of surface oxygen vacancies and defects of ZnO nanoparticles on increasing the dwell time inside the Mw. Similarly, energy bandgap studies showed a red shift in the energy bandgap from 3.19 eV to 2.91 eV with change in the reaction time. A red shift in energy bandgap is a good sign as it can enhance the utilization of ZnO nanoparticles in many of visible range applications such as optoelectronics and solar cells industry.


It has been reported that the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of metallic alloys depend strongly on the solidification microstructural arrangement. The correlation of corrosion behavior and mechanical properties with microstructure parameters can be very useful for planning solidification conditions in order to achieve desired final properties. The aim of the present work is to investigate the influence of dendritic microstructural parameters of an Al-9 wt.% Si alloy on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The experimental results establish correlations between secondary dendrite arm spacings (λ2) and ultimate tensile strength (σ u ), yield strength (σ y ), corrosion potential (E Corr ), and corrosion rate (i Corr ).


In our ongoing multi‐wavelength study of cluster AGN, we find ≈75% of the spectroscopically identified cluster X‐ray point sources (XPS) with L0.3–8.0 keV>1042 ergs s−1 and cluster radio galaxies with P1.4 GHz>3×1023 W Hz−1 in 11 moderate redshift clusters (0.2<z<0.4) are located within 500 kpc from the cluster center. In addition, these sources are much more centrally concentrated than luminous cluster red sequence (CRS) galaxies. With the exception of one luminous X‐ray source, we find that cluster XPSs are hosted by passive red sequence galaxies, have X‐ray colors consistent with an AGN power‐law spectrum, and have little intrinsic obscuring columns in the X‐ray (in agreement with previous studies). Our cluster radio sources have properties similar to FR 1s, but are not detected in X‐ray probably because their predicted X‐ray emission falls below our sensitivity limits. Based on the observational properties of our XPS population, we suggest that the cluster XPSs are low‐luminosity BL Lac objects, and t...


What do the guidelines say with regard to betablockers? Recommendations have until recently given these agents similar status to other anti-hypertensive drug classes (1,2) (i.e. considered in most guidelines as a reasonable first-line therapy choice). In some cases, this recommendation has been limited to younger patients (3). Recently, the British Heart Society ⁄ National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (4) guidelines were the first to remove beta-blockers as first-line therapy in hypertension, relegating it to step 4 antihypertensive therapy, i.e. fourth-line after three other classes have been introduced. This effectively places beta-blockers on the bottom rungs of blood pressure lowering therapies for patients with refractory hypertension. US American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines soon followed suit (5), dropping betablockers as first-line agents although suggesting they may be of use for the treatment of asymptomatic postmyocardial infarction (MI) and concomitant angina pectoris in patients with hypertension. This is despite the fact that preceding this statement the same guidelines acknowledge that it is extent of blood pressure lowering that is the major determinant in reduction of CV risk. This view has been most recently supported by the 2007 ESH ⁄ ESC guidelines for management of hypertension (6). Unlike the other guidelines, however, beta-blockers are retained in these latest guidelines as suitable for initiation and maintenance, either alone or in combination. One caveat to this recommendation, however, was avoidance of their use in metabolic syndrome or those at high risk of incident diabetes, because of the aforementioned adverse metabolic effects of these agents. Why the recent change to guideline recommendations?


The tendencies and conditions of the corporate bonds market of Ukraine are explored. The measures, have to be taken for solution problems, that interfere effective development of the corporate bonds market, are offered.


Despite sustained public debate about the current wave of offshoring, there has been limited international business research on its strategic implications. We examine the generation, appropriation and sustainability of economic rents that flow from competitive advantage in the face of offshoring. Digitization and I.T. have allowed the scope of offshoring to expand to cover finance and accounting, business analysis, R&D, HR and customer service. At the same time, across borders, institutional differences associated with intellectual property rights regimes, market regulation, lobbying and corruption create additional distortions that can threaten rents. Our analysis of rent generation suggests that innovation (Schumpeterian) rents and asset utilization (Ricardian) rents are threatened by offshoring, while rents based on market power (monopoly rents) are only weakly impacted. This places Schumpeterian rents at risk in a manner they never have been before.


Cone Penetration test (CPT) has been increasingly used in the past years as part of soil investigation regime or as in-situ quality control test for soil improvement works. CPT testing regime has many advantages since it provides quick and continuous soil profiling with repeatable and reliable data. It is economical and productive testing with strong theoretical basis for results interpretation. Although no samples can be obtained during normal CPT test, it allows for accurate measurements of critical geotechnical design parameters such as Elastic modulus Es which has been empirically related to the cone tip bearing resistance (Qc) by a correlation factor called alpha (α) . A widely used field test namely Plate load test (steel plate with 25mm thickness and diameter up to 762mm) sometimes called Zone load test when bigger plate size is used (up to 3m width), is performed to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of soil and the anticipated settlement under a given design load for shallow foundations. The elastic modulus Es can be found from the slope of settlement versus plate pressure graph. The correlation factor varies in a wide range of values according to the literature depending on the soil type, the cone bearing resistance value and the consolidation status. Series of CPT tests and PLT/ZLT tests performed on variable type of soils mainly granular soils has been used to conclude the correlation factor between Es and Qc.


1 - Be Clear About The Role Of Ward Manager 2 - Manage Your Time 3 - Create A Positive Working Environment 4 - Manage Staff Performance 5 - Make Sure Care Is Patient-Centred 6 - Manage Your Budget 7 - Improve Quality And Safety 8 - Instigate A Rolling Recruitment Programme 9 - Be Politically Aware 10 - Look After Yourself 11 - Be A Good Role Model 12 - Manage Your Manager 13 - Manage Difficult Situations 14 - Manage Difficult Team Members 15 - Get The Best Advice 16 - Question External Directives