The lack of active learning in junior commander candidates is a big problem.The main reason for the lack was analyzed by questionnaires.The experience from examination-oriented education system and from instructing teaching brought much negative influence to the students.Especially to the junior commander candidates,the insufficient of study facilities,superfluous courses and physical exercise made many troubles.


Cooperation of companies determines the development of the modern economy and creating innovation. Experts even recognize its superiority over the competition. The degree of cooperation is dependent on the environment, competitors, and the needs of the cooperator. Any company that operates in terms of the knowledge economy to be developed and strengthened its position in the market must be innovative, and this is possible due to acquisition of knowledge external sources. Derivative of cooperation based on mutual learning process is created in the system value innovation. The practice indicates a growing number of cooperation initiatives by external actors with small and medium-sized enterprises, in spite of the fact their cooperation is exposed to the impact of the many barriers that arise both from market conditions and internal determinants dependent on the entity. In the first part of the article we outline theoretical aspect of cooperation. The second part of the article is devoted to the presentation of research results that show the conditions of cooperation of small and medium-sized enterprises in Tarnow and Malopolska Region. The purpose of this article is to present modern forms of knowledge from the outside. The paper attempts to identify the determinants and assess the level of cooperation of small and medium-sized enterprises, as a prerequisite for strengthening their capacity development.


In this article, we obtain the viscous damping coefficient β theoretically and experimentally in the spring–mass–viscodamper system. The calculation is performed to obtain the quasi-period τ. The influence of the viscosity of the fluid and the damping coefficient is analyzed using three fluids, water, edible oil, and gasoline engine oil SAE 10W-40. These processes exhibit temporal fractality and non-local behaviors. Our general non-local damping model incorporates fractional derivatives of Caputo type in the range ( 0 , 1 ] , and the viscous damping coefficients are determined in terms of the inverse Mittag-Leffler function. The classical models are recovered when the order of the fractional derivatives is equal to 1.


An armoured vehicle has a forward pair of driving wheels 2 with an armoured passenger cell 3 extending longitudinally in front of and behind the rearmost parts of the forward wheels 2, and an engine 1 located behind the passenger cell. The armoured passenger cell 3 is inboard of the forward wheels 2 and tapers so as to be wider behind the forward wheels 2 than it is at the point where it passes between the forward wheels 2.


According to many studies today the biofilms play a crucial role in the clinical setting and are the cause of many difficult to treat and reoccuring infections. Recently their role in urinary tract infections (UTIs) is becoming very significant as they are known to cause relapses and reoccuring infections especially in patients with indwelling medical devices. Up to today many biofilm testing methodologies have been suggested, however, all of them have certain drawbacks and routine testing of the biofilm forming capacity of causative agents of infection is not conducted. In our study we developed a novel spectrophotometric assay for the evaluation of the biofilm forming capacity of causative agents of UTIs and tested it on 120 urine samples isolated from two medical centars in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of the novel spectrophotometric assay were then compared to the results obtained by the tissue culture plate method which was used as a referee. Based on statistical data the sensitivity and specificity of the novel spectrophotometric assay was evaluated to be 95% which is adequate for the use in standard clinical microbiology laboratories for the determination of the biofilm forming capacity of causative agents of UTI. Keywords— Biofilms; Bacteriology; Spectrophotometry; Urine; UTI.


Objective: To explore the cause of postoperative complications after implantation of permanent heart pacemaker and their handling strategies.Methods: The data of 95 patients received implantation of permanent heart pacemaker in our hospital from June 2004 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Pacemaker complications were found in 12 cases(12.6%),including three cases of hematoma of pacemaker sac,three cases of severe arrhythmia during operation,two cases of bad sensation of pacemaker,five cases of pacing syndrome and two cases of sac infection.Conclusion: Morbidity rate of pacemaker complications and their severe consequence could be lowered and avoided by careful preparation before operation,norm procedure during operation,reconstruction of regular follow-up,education and in-time diagnosis as well as correct manage for pacemaker complications after operation.


In their paper, "Chromium(III)-Induced 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA and Its Reduction by Antioxidants: Comparative Effects of Melatonin, Ascorbate, and Vitamin E," Qi et al. (1) reported on a cellfree system and confirmed results from other laboratories that Cr(III) may react with peroxide to form reactive intermediates causing oxidative DNA damage. However, their conclusions on reactions in living systems are entirely speculative. Compounds of trivalent chromium are very weakly, if at all, carcinogenic (2–6). The authors misled readers when they cited Tsou et al. (7) and Lloyd et al. (8) as evidence for "the carcinogenic mechanisms of Cr(III)." The mechanism that Qi et al. (1) demonstrated by treating isolated DNA with Cr(III) plus 0.5 mM hydrogen peroxide does not apply to cells with a peroxide concentration of 10–9–10–8 M, but it does apply to cells that are subject to inflammation or other stress conditions in which the peroxide levels are increased. Nevertheless, the results of Qi et al. (1) should be taken as a warning that chromium(III) may be more harmful to living cells than thought previously, if it acts in combination with agents that cause the generation of reactive oxygen species. However, I question the final recommendation of the authors that melatonin should be applied against Crinduced genotoxicity for two reasons: a) the supreme goal should be to avoid exposure to toxic chromium exposure, and b) reducing agents combined with Cr(VI) may create similar toxic intermediate oxidation states of Cr as does the oxidation of Cr(III) (9).


Public and private organizations throughout Europe have recognized that spatial data has become an integral part of their knowledge base. The demand for GIS interoperability and advanced methods of classifying GIS data through metadata initiatives are a result of this recognition. Despite considerable advances major, difficulties are apparent in the formalizations of semantics, language and ontology of current efforts. This paper examines these issues from the perspective of the use of GIS in Spatial Planning. It is suggested that the integration of; and access to; spatial data in a public context goes further than codification and formulisation of data but rather must address fundamental knowledge management issues within the organizations. Using examples from the EUROGISE project and other case studies that use GIS in Spatial Planning the argument is made that public organizations need to develop techniques that enable measurement of value of their GI.


A set of numerical models for self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles during drying is developed and evaluated. The two-dimensional Langevin equation is employed to track nanoparticies on a substrate over time. Each nanoparticle is subject to multiscale forces such as capillary forces, contact forces, electrostatic forces, van der Waals forces and friction as well as Brownian forces and fluid drag. Actual nonequilibrium processes are treated by modeling drying of a solvent. Orderliness of the structures of aggregated particles is evaluated quantitatively according to the ordering factor, which is defined using the Delaunay triangulation. Complexity of the structures is evaluated quantitatively according to the complex factor, which is defined by total length of boundaries of aggregates. The magnitudes of multiscale forces are comparable in a short range of interparticle distance, and the magnitude of capillary force and its cut-off distance strongly depend on the interface level. Unsteady behavior of nanoparticles and phase transition from dispersion to aggregation during drying are reasonably reproduced by the present method.


Two 1 1/2-ton steel cylinders for the transport of uranium hexaflouride within the United States nuclear fuel enrichment cycle were involved in a warehouse fire where portions of the cylinders were estimated to have reached a temperature of 1,600degF (870degC). The cylinders were empty at the time of the fire and therefore were not in protective overpacks in which full product cylinders are handled while in transit. Hydrostatic tests to failure showed that the integrity of the cylinders was not degraded by exposure to the temperatures generated by the fire. They withstood test pressures in excess of 10 times the design pressure, and showed a volume expansion of 30 percent above the original capacity before rupture in a completely ductile fashion. (Author) (Author)


METHODOLOGY Figure 5: Predicted impact of football games on traffic congestion in four one-hour time windows before the start of the games (a) from 4 hours to 3 hours, (b) from 3 hours to 2 hours, (c) from 2 hours to 1 hour, (d) from 1 hour to 0 hour. The colors represent the difference in delay between game days and non-game days. For example, if the average travel delay of non-game days on a route segment is 10 mins, and the average travel time on game days is 12 mins, then the difference ratio is 20% (i.e., (12-10)/10 = 20% ).


Concrete consisting of cement .water, fine and coarse aggregates are widely used in civil engineering constructions. Concrete has brittle behavior towards tensile loading and this is the major drawbacks of this mixture. Concrete produces cracks while loaded and this leads to sudden failure of the concrete specimen. This phenomenon leads to the development of new material as a reinforcement which is fiber. The material specimen reinforced with fibers is called as fiber reinforced cementitious composites. Concrete with conventional mix and materials failed without warning with the ultimate strain of 0.01%.When fibers with a short length are added into the mix then the specimen improves their behavior towards bending.PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)l fibers behaves same as steel towards bending so this material is taken for consideration during last decade.


Eleven analogues of Corydalis B (tetrahydropalmatine) were prepared by acylation and ethylation of the hydroxyberbines derived from berberine and palmatine under vari- ous conditions. Alkylation with butyl bromide in the presence of potassium carbonate gave the unexpected quaternary ammonium salt. Pharmacological examinations revealed that some of these compounds (Ⅰ, Ⅱ) had analgesic and sedative activities less potent than those of Corydalis B.


The experimental investigations of flow around the wing models have been carried out in a subsonic wind tunnel. The models were set under high angles of attack, at which the laminar boundary layer separates near the wing's leading edge (leading edge stall). The structure of the flow inside the separation area was under study. In the experiments we used the "oil-film" visualization of the surface streamlines; it has demonstrated that there are one or several couples of large-scale vortices rotating in the wing's surface plane. It has been found that both common properties of the vortex structures in the separation region and differences in flow models exist, regarding the model aspect ratio, swept angle and other factors. Introduction Among aerodynamic challenges arising at wing exploitation, there is the flow separation, which to a greater extent tells on the aerodynamic lift, wing drag and local flow characteristics. Regarding the Reynolds number value, surface curvature and angle of attack, different types of separation flows may appear on the wing: the separation of the laminar boundary layer followed by the reattachment and separation bubble formation, the separation of the turbulent boundary layer and separation from the leading edge (leading edge stall). At the stall or turbulent separation, the separated flow does not reattach back to the surface, and the separation region occupies the whole wing section from the separation line to the back edge. The flow separation study is still the task of numerous investigations. As a consequence, different authors have proposed two-dimensional models of separation flows. Such models, however, do not regard the three-dimensional structure of the flow, which is inherent in most cases for the flow separation regions. That is why the study of separation flows inner structure is a new important direction in this field. Numerous experiments [1 – 18] were carried out and showed that there are the vortices appearing inside the flow-separation region and rotating in the wing's plane. Such a spatial vortex motion which occurs at the flow separation, has been found by various experimental methods: flow visualization with silk threads, smoke streams, and oil films coated on the model surface. In the experiments in wind tunnels, a big variety of vortex flows types have been registered at the turbulent boundary flow separation and at the separation of unswept wings. Both the common properties of such flows, manifested as formed large-scale coupled vortices rotating in the wing's plane, and the differences in vortex structures topology regarding the separation type, boundary conditions, wing aspect ratio and other factors, have been found. The existence of such vortices opens a new direction in the turbulent separation and flow separation study, since it changes fundamentally the physical model of the flow, which initially was suggested to be twodimensional, and calls for a new model regarding the three-dimensional structure of the flow. As is known, the flow separation from the wing surface affects significantly the aerodynamic characteristics, decreases the lift and increases the drag and hence is an undesirable phenomenon, which should be cancelled. The problem of the influence on the separation does not have any standardized solution. For each type of separation, the effective method of the International Conference on Methods of Aerophysical Research, ICMAR 2008 © B.Yu.Zanin, V.V.Kozlov, I.D. Zverkov, A. M. Pavlenko, 2008 1 influence should be based on the special structure of any individual separation flow and its behavior under the action of external disturbances. The influence realized inside the separation region is a new method of the separation control. The above-mentioned large-scale vortices appearing here are the subject of the influence. These vortices turned out to be sensitive to external disturbances, and the influence upon them is one possible way to reduce the separation region sizes and, in some cases, to cancel the whole separation. Thus, the study of the spatial vortex structure of the separation flows is of great practical importance. The study of the separation flows is also of great practical importance for the new direction in aviation – small-size vehicles of various purposes, which have now an increasing distribution. It is caused by several reasons: they are provident, possess unique flight characteristics, low-vulnerable, etc. Now the flight properties of the small-size vehicles must be improved. The point is that the classical subsonic wing profiles used in such vehicles are resistance to the flow separation, but at small (subcritical) angles of attack they have a high drag resulting from the formed large separation "bubbles". That is why the separation cancel is in this case a very urgent task. Small sizes of such vehicle permit to perform the experiments in wind tunnels on full-scale models of such aircraft, at full-scale Reynolds numbers. The experiments described below may be helpful, above all, for these very vehicles design. This paper was purposed to study experimentally the vortex structures which appear inside the separation region on unswept wings models, regarding the wing's geometry and swept angle. The point is that the flow separation on the wing with zero swept angle has been already quite well studied, but we still miss the data of the influence of this swept angle upon the vortex structure of the model. At the same time, the small-scale vehicles may appear simultaneously in the separation and swept modes due to the high effect of wind gusts on their streamlines, and hence such modes call for the detailed study. Investigation procedure The experiments were carried out in the low-noise wind tunnel T-324, ITAM SB RAS, Novosibirsk. This is a closed-loop wind tunnel; it has a closed working section of a square cross section 1х1 m, 4 m length. The stream turbulence level in the working section is less than 0.04%. The wind tunnel is purposed for the experiments at low subsonic flow speeds, below 70 m/sec. In the experiments we used unswept wing models, made of wood and lacquered. The models were of various sizes (by chord and span) and various aspect ratio (ration between the span and chord), and that permitted to evaluate the influence of these parameters on the flow structure. To study the effect of the swpt angle (the angle between the free-stream direction and leading edge), the models were turned on their supports in such a way to form the angle of 0, 15, 30, or 45 degrees. It should be noted that the flow structure on the model surface strongly depends on the angle of attack. In our experiments, the models were set at rather high angles of attack, at which we observed the flow separation from the wing's leading edge. This angle of attack was defined with the aid of silk threads stuck on the model surface; they indicated the stream direction. The point is that as the angle of attack is reached, at which the separation occurs, the reverse flow appears on the model surface – from the back edge to the leading one. The angle of attack at which the flow separates was sought on the models set at the zero swept angle. The visual detection of the reverse flow by the direction of the silk threads from the back to leading edge vindicated the flow separation presence. Then the silk threads were removed, and all following experiments were realized at this angle of attack, which was not varied within the blowing. The main method of the flow structure investigation was the "oil-film" visualization. This term is applied here conventionally, since in real experiments we did not use soot, but the titanium dioxide powder diluted in kerosene. The method's idea is the following: the top surface of the wing model is coated with the dilution, and then the wing is set into the working section of the wind tunnel, under the action of the free stream until the dilution is fully dried. After the Section II


A BSTRACT . This article is devoted to the simplified Ericksen-Leslie's hyperbolic system for incompressible liquid crystal model in two spatial dimensions, which is a nonlinear coupling of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with wave map to circle S 1 . The structure of second-order material derivative is exploited in order to close the energy estimates. We established the almost global well-posedness for small and smooth initial data near the constant equilibrium. Our proof relies on the idea of vector-field method and ghost weight method.


This paper examines the impact of language planning on language attitudes in the Malaysian state of Sarawak where there was strong resistance to replacing English with the national language (Bahasa Malaysia) as the official language. A case study was conducted in a multi-ethnic organisation to find out the language attitudes of participants four decades later. A language attitudes questionnaire adapted from Baker (1992) was used to elicit the participants' beliefs regarding the importance of English in their daily lives, and their attitudes towards the use of English and Bahasa Malaysia. A total of 142 returned the questionnaires. Interviews and observations were also carried out at the research site to co-triangulate the data. The findings of this study show that the participants were keen to be proficient in both English and Bahasa Malaysia, and they also favoured the sharing of language functions for these two languages. The findings suggest that the prevailing language attitudes were in tandem with the goals of the national language policy but the full impact of language planning has not been realised.


Phonetic explanation is a way of using words with the same or similar pronunciation to explain the meanings that a word has and it aimes at exploring the origin and history of a word rather than indicating the explicit meanings of a word like semantic explanation.Words used as phonetic explanation just held the implicit meanings rather than the explicit meanings of a word that consequently didn't constitute the meaning items of this word.Phonetic explanation is also used to designate the phenomenon of phonetic loan in ancient books.The so-called phonetic explanation in Han dynasty,especially academic families' phonetic explanation,are not often used to explore the relationship between words' pronunciation and meanings,but to form an approach whose dominating task was to expound "the greatness of a mini-word" to suit the need of the current society and by which the politician expounded their philosophical opinion,political doctrine and value tropism.


ING AND INDEXING ASSIA Alt Press Ind America: History and Life Annotated Guide to Women's Periodicals in the United States and Canada British Humanities Index Current


In case of pre-main sequence objects, the only way to determine age and mass is by fitting theoretical isochrones on color-magnitude (alternatively luminosity-temperature) diagrams. Since young stellar objects exhibit photometric variability over wide range in magnitude and colors, the age and mass determined by fitting isochrones is expected to be inaccurate, if not erroneous. These in turn will badly affect any study carried out on age spread and process of star formation. Since we have carried out very extensive photometric observations of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC), we decided to use our multi-band data to explore the influence of variability in determining mass and age of cluster members. In this study, we get the amplitudes of the photometric variability in V, R, and I optical bands of a sample of 346 ONC members and use it to investigate how the variability affects the inferred masses and ages and if it alone can take account for the age spread among the ONC members reported by earlier studies. We find that members that show periodic and smooth photometric rotational modulation have their masses and ages unaffected by variability. On other hand, we found that members with periodic but very scattered photometric rotational modulation and members with irregular variability have their masses and ages significantly affected. Moreover, using Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagrams we find that the observed I band photometric variability can take account of only a fraction (about 50%) of the inferred age spread, whereas the V band photometric variability is large enough to mask any age spread.


Introduction Energy derived from fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas) has come to play a very central role in the U.S. economy and in American lifestyles, not to mention in the production, processing, and distribution of food. Most of what is currently known about energy use in the U.S. food system is a direct result of the "energy crisis" of the early 1970s. The OPEC oil embargo of 1973 triggered numerous studies and critiques of U.S. energy use and policy. The food system had just undergone several decades of intense industrialization. In the years following the end of World War II, inorganic fertilizers, synthetic pesticides, irrigation, more complex machinery, and larger, more powerful tractors pushed agriculture into the modern era and boosted yields dramatically. All of these technologies required fossil fuels, however. Beyond the farm gate, energy used to process, market, and distribute food increased as well. Consumer behavior helped contribute to this increase as households purchased more "convenience" and snack foods. Another factor was the relatively recent ability of supermarkets to provide fresh fruits and vegetables year-round shipped in from sources around the world.


The concept of the sovereignty has constituted the basic characteristic of our modern state since Jean Bodin. The basic form of the modern nation state which is exposed to the process of globalization constitutes currently one of the most important discussions. Globalization, which is a product or result of historical or social processes, has been bringing about to the transformation of the classical version of nation state. In this framework new concepts like the post sovereign state/period or shared sovereignty have come up for replacing the understanding of the sovereign state. First of all, this work introduces the interactions of modern state and the process of globalization with respect to the concept of sovereignty. Then secondly, the relationship between globalization and the transformation of classical sovereignty is handled. Lastly the study presents Turkey's political and economic evolution in relation to current globalization process. As a conclusion the paper argues that in order to be stay as a state current nation states have to contribute the lived process by taking part in the globalization process and at the same time to look forward to keeping their existence. The same thing is also valid for Turkey. The geostrategic position of Turkey eliminates the probably of being out of globalization process. The concept of the sovereignty has been known to constitute the basic characteristic of the modern state since Jean Bodin. The theory of modern sovereignty, which has arisen during the formations of the capitalism and the nation state, has made up the subject of a serious debate with the process of globalization. The worldwide changes lived both in the level of technology and the technology related economic relations have brought along the debates in relation to the political and juristic positions of the nation sate. These changes in different contexts, which point a kind of crisis, and responses shown to them, have been affecting not only Europe and Unites States, but also all countries in various forms. In the framework of this paper the results of the globally scaled changes are analyzed in Turkey, which has just started to get more and more effective in the world politics. Global changes, which have especially become effective just after the period of the Cold War, have great significance in giving meaning to the political and economic developments lived in Turkey in the 1990 and 2000s. The form of the modern nation state which takes in the process of globalization constitutes one of the important discussions. The nation state which makes its legitimacy with the concept of classical sovereignty has started to struggle in keeping that legitimacy in the dynamics which the process of globalization has created. With this respect the international system which is consisted of sovereign states which is accepted to begin with the 1648 Westphalia Agreement. A new global order, in which both supra and sub units are also participating, has been coming out. It is necessary not to evaluate this process which is a kind of a new order of peace/freedom form or an imperialism which destroys nation states. The relationship between the process of globalization and nation state is a multilateral and contingent relation depending on mutual interactions. With this respect for the nation states the globalization is both an external power which forces them to change and also an internal relation which they give shape with their own will (as in the European Union).


Here is introduced a new magnetic suspension centrifugal blood pump with auxiliary pivot point.The design of the pump outlet is brand\|new.The inlet, outlet and the impeller are located on the same axial line, which makes the fluid structure of the pump more reasonable. Ceramic bearing pivot is used, which makes the pump work more stably and be able to bear heavier load.The ceramic part is resistant to corrosion, and is very compatible with the blood.The machine was tested preliminarily on this basis and it had good performance.The physical characteristics could meet the requirements of clinical extracorporeal circulation and auxiliary circulations.


Abstract A semi-theoretical equation was proposed previously to account qualitatively for the thermoelectric power of metals and alloys, particularly at low temperatures. The consequences of this equation are now examined quantitatively in relation to experimental data on alloys of copper.


The research defined the pressure reflecting the write feature as the time space feature based on the basic stroke of hand-writing Chinese characters. The paper makes the Fourier for time space feature of pressure and makes the real coefficient as the feature space. The experiment based on the pressure feature of 4 basic strokes which extracted from the 70 Chinese characters of 10 writers. The research makes a satisfied result.


Nonprofits, like Friends of Hearst Castle, understand the importance of social media use such as Facebook. However, many times Facebook messages are inconsistent and the multiple channels of social media are overwhelming. A Social Media Strategy or Plan can help nonprofits communicate their goals effectively and efficiently, with more success than before. This project discusses the best ways nonprofits can maximize their Facebook usage. Facebook is an easy way for nonprofits to communicate with their target audiences and have consistent communication. Friends of Hearst Castle was the nonprofit I worked with to help create and implement a Social Media Plan. Through Facebook they were able to increase awareness about their goals, as well as, use public relations strategies to continue raising funds for Hearst Castle. Checho ii


We investigte some nonlinear problems in the probabilistic linear normed space.We obtain a new fixed point theorem,and solve a class of nonlinear operator equation in the M-PN space.


In the spirit of the thin-layer quantization approach, we give the formula of the geometric influences of a particle confined to curved surface. The geometric contributions are defined by the reduced commutation relations of normal directive and its post functions of normal variable. According to the formula, we obtain geometric potential, geometric momentum, geometric orbital angular momentum, geometric linear Rashba and cubic Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings. As an example, a truncated cone surface is investigated. We find interesting results that the geometric orbital angular momentum can provide an azimuthal polarization for spin, the sign of the geometric Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling can be controlled by the inclination angle of generatrix.


This paper shows that innocent suspects benefit from exercising the right to silence in criminal proceedings. We study a model in which a suspect of a crime can make a statement or remain silent during police interrogation. We assume the evidence at trial is more likely to contradict the suspect's police statement if the suspect is guilty than if he is innocent. We further assume that the evidence at trial is more likely to directly implicate in the crime a guilty suspect than an innocent suspect. We show that a right to silence benefits innocent suspects by providing them with a safer alternative to speech, as well as by reducing the probability of conviction of innocent suspects who remain silent whether or not a right to silence exists. The paper thus provides a broad utilitarian justification for the argument that the right to silence helps the innocent.


The characteristics of the process flow route of the coke oven gas pressuring machine are analyzed and the operating control system of the machine modified with the frequency variable speed regulation technique.As the results the automatic regulation on the running of the machine,the consistency of pressure on the main pipe line of the coke oven gas and operating safety are guaranteed and the results of energy saving achieved as well.


Organizations constitute morally complex environments, requiring organization members to possess levels of moral courage sufficient to promote their ethical action, while refraining from unethical actions when faced with temptations or pressures. Courageous leadership requires a true understanding of organizational structure and pressures. In terms of methodology, this study will examine the moderating and mediating variables of courage, leadership and ethics on leadership in contemporary organizations. This study will be a qualitative study utilizing the 2007 Woodard and Pury Courage Scale, a 23-item survey measuring two dimensions, courage as the ability to act and the fear factor involved with the action. The sample will consist of graduate students working in global corporations located in the South and Central Florida region of the USA. Relevance of the professions of the participants studied will be considered. The importance of this study is that preconceived notions of whether a leader is perceived ethical and trustworthy may be as important as the outcomes that can be observed.  This study seeks to examine the moderating and mediating variable of courage, leadership and ethics in contemporary organizations. Recognizing the courageous and ethical leadership traits that inspire trust may assist organization searching for new leadership. Only few research studies have tried to empirically derive types or categorizations of courage, but scholars have shown renewed interest in the construct of courage.


Structural and compositional modifications of multilayered Al/Ti nano-structures induced by nanosecond laser pulses were investigated. Five and ten (Al/Ti) bilayers, with total thicknesses of 130 and 260 nm, respectively, were deposited by dc ion sputtering onto (100) Si wafers. The structures were irradiated in air with nanosecond Nd:YAG unfocused laser pulses. Characterizations of the samples were performed by x-ray diffraction analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that laser treatment of both structures induced complete intermixing of all deposited metallic films, their mixing with silicon substrate and formation of Al–Ti intermetallic and silicide compounds. This effect was achieved even for one applied laser pulse. Comparing these results with that for picosecond laser treatment of similar multilayered structures, it was concluded that materials involved within the heat diffusion length participated in the formation of new phases.


Portugal has the highest density of wildfire ignitions among southern European countries. The ability to predict fire ignition occurrence constitutes an important tool for managers, helping to define priorities among areas of equivalent fire propagation risk, and to improve the effectiveness of fire prevention and fire fighting resources allocation. In this study we analysed 127 490 fire ignitions which occurred in Portugal during a five years period. We used logistic regression models to predict the probability of wildfire ignition occurrence, using both human and environmental explanatory variables, and produced a fire ignition risk map for the Portuguese mainland. Results show that fire ignitions are strongly correlated with human presence and activity. In this paper we demonstrate that it is possible to predict the likelihood of fire ignition at the national level with satisfactory accuracy, which can be useful in decision making for fire risk management.


The utility model relates to a DC high-voltage digital microammeter which comprises a current voltage conversion module used for converting input current signals into voltage signals, a low pass filter electrically connected with the output end of the current voltage conversion module and used for removing noise, an analog-to-digital conversion module connected with the output end of the filter, a single-chip digital signal processing module electrically connected with the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion module and used for processing digital signals input by the analog-to-digital conversion module, a liquid crystal display electrically connected with the single-chip digital signal processing module and used for displaying current values in real time, and a 433 MHz wireless data transmission module electrically connected with the single-chip digital signal processing module. According to the scheme of the utility model, the wireless communication frequency of 433 MHz and an advanced power management algorithm are adopted, so that the microammeter has a longer continuous running time, further, high intelligence, high stability and high usability can be achieved.


Posterior dislocation of the humeral head in infancy is rare. Although originally believed to be a congenital condition that developed in litero, this disorder most often has been associated with brachial plexus palsy secondary to birth traumats4o. Since it was first reported in 1888. few posterior dislocations of the humeral head in infancy have been described4s4ss. To our the first year of life, and the condition was treated with an early open reduction in both patients.


Hypoferimia, as a manifestation of systemic inflammation, is quite common in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Anemic syndrome can be represented by anemia of chronic disease (ACD), iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and their combination. Its frequency of occurrences ranges from 18.5 to 45.8 %. The discovery of the hormone hepcidin in 2001 changed the perception of iron metabolism disorders and demonstrated its association with the inflammatory component. Over the last decade, scientific databases have accumulated a lot of information about hepcidin and its role in the development of anemia and the response to inflammation. However, in the context of the AS, such data are contradictory and therefore need further study.To determine the level of hepcidin in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and to assess its relationship with hematopoiesis and ferrokinetics.The hepcidin levels of 76 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (13 women and 63 men with a mean age of 43.67±0.97 years). The diagnosis of AS was made according to the New York modified criteria of 1984. All patients were divided into three groups: without anemia (n=47), with anemia (n=29) and the control group, representative by age and sex (n=26). According to the percentile analysis, all patients were divided into a group with an optimal <25 ng/ml, extremely high - 25-35 ng/ml and a high level of hepcidin > 35 ng/ml. In addition to hepcidin, hematopoiesis and ferrokinetic parameters were measured in each patient: hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte, MCV, serum iron, total serum iron-binding capacity (TIBC), serum ferritin, transferrin saturation (TS). Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed with the use of statistical software package "Microsoft Office Excel 2007".When conducting a percentile comparison in 95 % of people in the control group, the level of hepcidin was in the range of 17.97-38.8 ng/ml (P5 - P95), and in patients with AS in 95 % - 14.62-87.38 ng/ml. At P95, the level of hepcidin in patients with AS was 2.3 times higher than in P95 control group. Comparing the mean values of hepcidin, a significant difference was found between the group of patients without anemia, where it was 36.08±2.57 ng/ml and the group of patients with anemia, where the level of hepcidin was 51.77±4.62 ng/ml. The lowest level of hepcidin was in patients with IDA (35.8 ±7.50 ng/ml), and the highest (62.78±5.94 ng/ml) - among patients with ACD. The group of patients with ACD and iron deficiency, according to the levels of hepcidin (48.53±9.50 ng/ml) took an intermediate place.In terms of hematopoiesis and ferrokinetics, the level of hemoglobin and erythrocytes did not differ significantly between the groups of optimal, extremely high and high levels of hepcidin. According to the levels of serum iron, TS and ferritin in the group of patients with anemia, a significant association with hepcidin was established (with increasing levels of hepcidin, the values of serum iron, TS and ferritin also increased). In contrast,sTfR levels were the highest in the group with optimal hepcidin levels (6.02±0.71 mg/l) and decreased to 4.88±0.64 mg/l in the group with high hepcidin levels. Such changes in hematopoiesis and ferrokinetics were explained by the accumulation of mostly people with symptoms of ACD in the group with high levels of hepcidin, and the group with optimal levels of hepcidin consisted mainly of patients with IDA.Patients with AS have elevated serum hepcidin levels, it is higher in individuals with anemic syndrome than in patients without anemia and is associated with serum iron, TS and ferritin levels.None declared.


Hypothesis / aims of study Chronic bladder inflammation is accompanied by increased urinary frequency and pain. High levels of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) play an important role in this process. NGF may be uptaken by bladder sensory afferents, binding to its specific tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk), TrkA. Another important neurotrophin is Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) that binds to its specific receptor TrkB, abundantly expressed in bladder sensory afferents. BDNF expression in the cell bodies of sensory afferents is upregulated during peripheral inflammation in an NGF-dependent manner. BDNF is anterogradely transported to the spinal cord where it is released upon afferent stimulation, often contributing to central sensitization and enhancing visceral pain and micturition reflex. The aim of this work was to study the contribution of NGF and BDNF to pain and enhanced micturition reflex in an animal model of chronic bladder inflammation.


V Abstract In the acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) fermentation process, the anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum produces acids during the acidogenic growth phase (mainly acetic and butyric acid) and solvents during the solventogenic phase (mainly acetone, butanol, and ethanol). The production of biobutanol is gaining increased interest due to strengthened efforts in developing economically viable processes for bulk production based on renewable feed stocks. Since butanol possesses some advantages over ethanol, this process is generally attractive for future industrial application. Process control is difficult due to the complex regulatory network in C. acetobutylicum. The butanol yield and selectivity could not be substantially increased so far, neither by process optimization nor by metabolic engineering approaches. The mechanisms which are causing the switch from acidogenesis to solventogenesis are still unclear. However, it is assumed, that high concentrations of acids and their precursors as well as the solvent concentrations play a key role in regulation. In order to achieve a better understanding of the regulatory interactions and to develop a kinetic model that is able to describe product formation in the different fermentation phases, stimulus response (pulse) experiments were performed in pH 5.0 controlled batch fermentations. For studying the influences of different substrates or substrate mixtures as they appear in practice, substrate pulses were performed in chemostat cultivations. These fermentations were maintained at the transition state between acidogenesis and solventogenesis. To observe effects at constant enzyme concentrations, analysis was performed during the first 150 seconds after the pulse by automated rapid sampling. For evaluation of the impact caused by a pulse, an instationary metabolic flux analysis was applied. Results of the pulse experiments yielded a map of influences caused by increased extracellular concentrations of acids and solvents. Addition of acetic and butyric acid supported an earlier switch to solventogenesis in both cases. Acetone synthesis played a key role for the initiation of the switch. Results of glucose and butyric acid pulses in the chemostat experiments confirmed the observations from batch experiments. The addition of xylose and starch led to increased reaction rates within the metabolism, although these substrates were not consumed in the observed time period. The underlying mechanisms for this behaviour are unknown. Based on the collected data, a kinetic model was developed. In the model simulations, an accumulation of the precursor of butyric acid and butanol production, butyryl-CoA, was predicted. This prediction can be a hint, that the intermediates butyryl-CoA or butyrylphosphate may play a key role in the switch from acidogenesis to solventogenesis. The obtained model will serve as a basis for further kinetic modelling as well as for an improved process and strain design.


In the future the business competition will be shown more and more in the competition of the brand.The rise of the private brand is exactly the outcome of the competition.And it will also become the successful way of the retail enterprises in the future.The competitive advantage of the private brand is beneficial for the retail enterprise to create the difference advantage.So it can keep the target consumer.And it can acquire a higher brand loyalty.Our country should take full advantage of the condition to establish the private brand and draw up the successful private brand strategy.


The biosorption of different metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Co2+) by dried roots of Canna indica biomass was investigated using a batch sorption technique. The equilibrium retention capacities of the metal ions determined from the Langmuir isotherm showed that C. indica had the largest sorption capacity for Pb2+ ions and the least sorption for Ni2+. The results also showed that garlic-treatment of C. indica biomass enhanced its sorption capacity for the divalent metal ions, with the enhancement factor varying from 1.22 to 1.44. The biosorption process was found to be exothermic for all metal ions studied (DH values varying from -4.438 to -12.716 kJ mol-1), with physisorption being the most likely mechanism of uptake. In conclusion, studies on biosorption of heavy metals by C. indica are important because they may contribute in aiding the innovative removal of metal ions from contaminated industrial effluents.


The repertory of drugs to fight protozoal diseases such as malaria, Chagas' disease, leishmaniasis, and African trypanosomiasis is woefully inadequate. Now, genome sequencing and structural genomics projects are quickly elucidating new drug targets, providing incredible opportunities for medicinal chemists. Here, we illustrate the power of structure-based drug design in this process by our efforts to selectively block trypanosomal glycolysis.


With the development of computer network,not only the effect of internet on peoples′ life is more and more obvious,but also internet has went deep into the every aspects of peoples′ life.Recently,popular online growing vegetable and stealing vegetable have become the first selection for teenagers on leisure and entertainment.As a special group,teenagers have been impacted by internet virtual environment.Therefore,it has important significance to discuss the impact of internet virtual environment on ideological and political education for teenagers as well as how to build effectively ecological virtual environment in internet.


Abstract Fingerling grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), 90-130 mm long, were fed a satiation diet of duckweed (Lemna minor) at different salinities for a 14-day period. Daily food consumption ranged from 5.8 to 6.4% of body weight in fish held at salinities between 0.1 (fresh water) and 6‰, declined significantly (P < 0.05) to 1.3% at 9‰, and was nil at 12‰. Dietary conversion rates of grass carp were less efficient at 3 and 6‰ salinity than in fresh water. Growth was reduced slightly at salinities of 3 and 6‰ and greatly at 9‰. Consumption, growth, and survival data obtained in this study indicate that grass carp could inhabit brackish water estuaries and salt marshes of salinities up to 9‰.


Western sociology, much of family sociological research has focused on micro-level analyses of the nuclear family and its internal mechanisms, in isolation from society and its other institutions (Stolte-Heiskanen, 1972). There have been, however, some important developments that point to reorientation in family sociology toward a broader and more comprehensive direction. First of all, a number of important analyses have appeared that challenge the previously held notion of the nuclear family both as a universally functional and structural phenomenon unique to modern industrial societies (Aires, 1962; Konig, 1970; Gordon, 1972). Secondly, doubts are being increasingly cast upon the concomittant assumption of the functional necessity of the isolation and insulation of the family from the larger society (Litwak, 1970; Sennett, 1970). Both of these basic conceptual reorientations have contributed to the growing awareness of what has been termed as "bridging type concepts" between the family and other units (Hill, 1966:14). The resurgence of more macrosociological interests in sociology in general, too, has had its repurcussions in family sociology. Specifically, developments in general systems theory have provided an important stimulus for viewing the family in a larger context. The emergence of the so-called developmental approach also refocused family research oward the morphological aspects of family structures and made us aware of the importance of social space and time (Hill, 1972).


The paper provides three measures for anti corruption in the new period:increasing the amount of fine;taking shared responsibilities in economic activities;more effective supervision mechanism in the Party.


At present,China has successfully completed the main objectives and tasks of "11th Five-Year Plan" and will usher in "12th Five-Year Plan".During this critical period,regional economy is also facing shift and development.In developed areas,some economies are facing the phenomenon of upgrade and transfer,in the behindhand areas,economy begin to develop.Parts of industries in undertaking developed areas are choice of economy development in behindhand areas.Therefore,how to plan the progress scientifically is of great significance to behindhand areas.In view of the development process of developed areas and the combined interests of related industries,the environment is the key issue during economic development.


This article describes mapping and molecular analysis of the differential transcriptional activity of a MULE1 DNA transposon in two commonly used lab strains. The study is expanded to over 200 accessions to describe the overall polymorphism of this transposon in the Arabidopsis lineage. This study provides insight into natural variation of transposon silencing. Transposons are massively abundant in all eukaryotic genomes and are suppressed by epigenetic silencing. Transposon activity contributes to the evolution of species; however, it is unclear how much transposition-induced variation exists at a smaller scale and how transposons are targeted for silencing. Here, we exploited differential silencing of the AtMu1c transposon in the Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler). The difference persisted in hybrids and recombinant inbred lines and was mapped to a single expression quantitative trait locus within a 20-kb interval. In Ler only, this interval contained a previously unidentified copy of AtMu1c, which was inserted at the 3′ end of a protein-coding gene and showed features of expressed genes. By contrast, AtMu1c(Col) was intergenic and associated with heterochromatic features. Furthermore, we identified widespread natural AtMu1c transposition from the analysis of over 200 accessions, which was not evident from alignments to the reference genome. AtMu1c expression was highest for insertions within 3′ untranslated regions, suggesting that this location provides protection from silencing. Taken together, our results provide a species-wide view of the activity of one transposable element at unprecedented resolution, showing that AtMu1c transposed in the Arabidopsis lineage and that transposons can escape epigenetic silencing by inserting into specific genomic locations, such as the 3′ end of genes.


The proposed method was carried out to make easier dielectric studies em powders under controlled pressure when the frequency varies. A TE/sub 01n/-mode resonator is needed. The substance under test is contained in a tube of quartz, placed along the axis of a cylindrical cavity. The mathematical formulation for the complex permittivity is given in rigorously accounting for the presence of the tube. Typical ditticulties are discussed, and experimental results given. The absolute precision of the measurement can be compared with that of the classicrd method (/spl plusmn/2 percent for /spl epsi/' and /spl plusmn/ 10 percent for /spl epsi/''). The greatest error arises from an insufficiently precise determination of the geometrical and electrical characteristics of the quartz tube. This error is systematic, and thus it is possible to demonstrate the very small permittivity variations (/spl plusmn/ 0.3 percent for /spl epsi/' and /spl plusmn/ 5 percent for /spl epsi/'').


Two schools of Hermeneutics,rational and irrational,have run counter to each other ever since its birth,which has led to two opposing views on interpretation,they are creative and constrictive.As the two most eminent representatives of Hermeneutics,Heidegger and Eco have shared some views on interpretation,to put creation and constriction on equal footing.Life World and Cultural World is the constant source of creative interpretation;existence and textual intention set the limits of interpretation;still,mysticism in their ideas cast shadow on their original intention to eliminate the conflicts between creation and constriction.


A standard class of finite dimensional control systems is considered, along with a state constraint set S and a target set Σ ⊂ S. Under certain geometric assumptions on S and a required S-constrained small time controllability property, a proximal Hamilton-Jacobi characterization of the S-constrained minimal time function to target Σ is obtained.


Pathogenic bacteria employ various strategies to survive in their hosts. Salmonellae are transmittable via the fecal–oral route, and after reaching the intestinal lumen, they invade tissue via M cells in Peyer's patches and encounter phagocytic cells, namely, macrophages that play an important role in host defense. However, despite the various bactericidal mechanisms deployed in macrophages, salmonellae reside and replicate on the basis of their unique pathogenesis which is characterized by formation of phagosomes known as Salmonella-containing vacuoles. This is achieved by delivering virulence factors into the host cells. Salmonella has many pathogenicity islands (Salmonella pathogenicity islands, SPIs) in its genome. Of them, SPI-1 and SPI-2 play crucial roles in the invasion of host cells and intracellular survival.


The article is devoted to the history of the choral music development in Azerbaijan and to highlighting the ways of choirmaster art formation. The development of choral art in Azerbaijan began, firstly, with the formation of the composer creative activity. The introduction of classical choral samples with the emergence of the first opera and the formation of an ensemble for performing it are considered to be the first step in this area. Later, the emergence of professional choral collectives, the development of the opera genre, as well as the activity of music education institutions included a new stage of development. Therefore, the formation of choral music genres allowed the development of the art of conducting, especially the areas such as an opera choirmaster who leads a choir collective, a chapel choirmaster.
The purpose of the research is to highlight the formation of choral conducting in Azerbaijan, to study the ways of high-level development of choirmaster art and to explore the creative path of professional opera choirmasters.
The research methodology is based on historical and theoretical principles, with the help of which the position of choral art in the musical culture of Azerbaijan, the history of the formation of choral art is considered. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the existing works of Russian and Azerbaijani musicologists in this field.
The scientific novelty of the research is connected with the fact that for the first time in Azerbaijan the ways of development of choir art are comprehensively covered.
Conclusions. The involvement of Azerbaijani choral art in the research and the study of the issue mainly in terms of the conducting and choirmaster art formation have shown that the development of this art was primarily connected with composer creativity. Since the emergence of classical samples of choral music is associated with the opera genre, the art of conducting and choirmaster has entered its stage of formation, in parallel. The professional development of choirmaster art took place in parallel and mutually with the art of conducting and it was associated with the high-level organization of music education in the country. Consequently, such professional choirmasters as L. V. Frolova, A. A. Yurlov, N. Malikov, L. Atakishiyeva, E. B. Novruzov, B. Vakilova, S. Agayeva, N. Mardanov, N. Nabiyev, Z. Ismayilova, Y. Adigozalov, G. Imanova and L. Mammadova have been trained in Azerbaijan. Besides, areas such as a chapel and opera choirmaster have also developed within choirmaster art.


In abroad,many analysis and researches show that the bidding firm shareholders' wealth will be enhanced by the independent directors.Using the research method of Harford,the authors classify and analyze Chinese independent directors.However,in China,the empirical evidences indicate that the high proportion of independent directors cannot create wealth for the bidding firm shareholders.Although the coefficiency of independent directors are not significant in statistics,the authors can still deduce that the independent directors have some effect on the bidding firm shareholders' wealth during the related takeover process.The empirical studies also show that manager holding stock is not good for bidding firm shareholders' wealth.


Julien is the hero in the novel The Red and the Black by the French writer Stendhal.Many critics regard Julien as a careerist and hypocrite.In fact,Julien had the character mixing conscience with ambition,enthusiasm with,honesty with pertention.He,who was born in a civilian family,tried his best to become somebody.At last he failed as a result of the external causes and the internal causes.And the latter is greater operative.


Materials with LT activity present in supernatants from PHA stimulated human lymphocytes in vitro are very heterogeneous and can be separated into multiple molecular weight classes, termed complex, 01, /3, and y. Several of these classes can be further resolved into subclasses by other physical and chemical methods. The immunologic relationships of these materials one to another were examined employing various rabbit anti-humn LT sera which will neutralize LT activity on L-929 cells i~a vitro. These studies reveal : (a) LT activities are due to a distinct group of substances which are immunologically related one to another and can exist in several molecular weight forms ; (b) a high MW class of molecules, termed complex, appears to contain all currently known LT classes and subclasses; (c) LT classes and subclasses both have common (public) and discrete (private) antigenic specificities; ((1) human LT classes and subclasses do not appear to share Ag determinants with materials with LT activity released by lectin stimulated lymphoid cells from rabbit, rat, hamster, guinea pig, or mouse; and (e) human LT molecules are not immunologically related to cell toxins released by glass adherent human peripheral blood monocytes or PMN cells. These data indicate human LT molecules form a "discrete system" of lymphocyte derived cell toxins, which can associate together into various related but different MW forms in the supernatant.


This study focuses on the initial component of the stop consonant release burst, the release transient. In theory, the transient, because of its impulselike source, should contain much information about the vocal tract configuration at release, but it is usually weak in intensity and difficult to isolate from the accompanying frication in natural speech. For this investigation, a human talker produced isolated release transients of /b,d,g/ in nine vocalic contexts by "mouthing" these syllables. He also produced the corresponding CV syllables with regular phonation for comparison. Spectral analyses showed the isolated transients to have a clearly defined formant structure, which was not seen in natural release bursts whose spectrum was dominated by the frication noise. The formant frequencies varied systematically with both consonant place of articulation and vocalic context, with the latter, "coarticulatory" influence actually exceeding the former. The transient thus provides an acoustic snapshot of the v...


Statins have been shown to have lipid‐independent (pleiotropic) effects that may be beneficial in the management of vascular disease. We evaluated the effect of premorbid statin use on recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment.


One of the primary challenges in fuel cell stack models, is the lack of numerical methods and computational resources available to handle a full-scale stack geometry (which can often have ~10-100 single cells stacked in series) to at least the same grid resolution and detailed physics as could be obtained in an equivalently detailed single cell model. To help resolve this challenge, a 3D modelling approach is proposed, and applied to a 5-cell direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) short-stack. In this approach, the flow fields, backing layers and membranes are solved numerically in a 3D manner, whereas the electrochemical performance is solved analytically. This approach allowed for the detailed physics to be incorporated into the model without the requirement of a high mesh density within the MEA. Thus softening the computational load. Since it is well-known that non-uniform flow distributions within the stack's cells and within the MEA can lead to accelerated aging of the fuel cell components, a parametric study on the anode and cathode flow rates, and methanol concentrations are examined numerically. The model was used to shed light onto the mechanisms that lead to non-uniform flow behaviour within the stack's cells; help identify methods to maintain a uniform flow and concentration distribution within the stack; and to provide methods to minimize methanol crossover to the cathode.


In this work we have investigated how the much studied scattering processes in vacuum at the lowest-order, {\em viz.} electron-muon ($e$-$\mu$) scattering in both $s$- and $t$-channel, Bhabha scattering, and M{\o}ller scattering, have been modified in the presence of a strong magnetic field ($|eB|>>m^2$, $m$ is the mass of electron or muon). For that purpose, we have first calculated the square of the matrix element by summing over the spin states, using the spinors in the presence of a strong magnetic field and then obtain the crosssection by integrating over the available phase space for the final states and averaging over the initial states. The first noticeable observation in the spin-summed of the matrix element squared is that the interference term between $s$- and $t$-channel and $t$- and $u$-channel in Bhabha and M{\o}ller scattering, respectively are missing in the presence of strong magnetic field. We have found that in the presence of strong magnetic field, the crosssection of $e^- e^+ \rightarrow \mu^- \mu^+$ annihilation process in the lowest order decreases inversely proportional to the fourth power of the center-of-mass energy ($\sqrt{s}$), compared to the inversely proportional to the square of center-of-mass energy in vacuum alone. Like in vacuum, the crosssection for $e$-$\mu$ scattering in ${\rm t}$ channel, {\em i.e.} for $e^- \mu^- \rightarrow e^- \mu^-$ process, even in a strong magnetic field too diverges but the finite part decreases with $\sqrt{s}$ much faster than in vacuum alone. Similarly the crosssections for both Bhabha and M{\o}ller scattering at the lowest-order diverges in the infrared limit. However, the finite term decreases with $\sqrt{s}$ much faster than the vacuum alone. In addition there is finite negative contribution, which is independent of $\sqrt{s}$ and decreases with the magnetic field.


The retrospective epidemiologic investigation that had been conducted in the Region with highly developed aniline coating industry (Tambovskiy Region) permitted to identify a series of ecologic effects promoting urinary bladder cancer. There was revealed a certain relation between living in the vicinity of industrial facilities (aniline coating plants, textile factories and tanneries, highways with intensive traffic, service stations, oil refining and bulk plants, coal mines and storages) and the initiation of sickness. Long living in the vicinity of these industrial facilities (distance - not less than 500 meters and duration - more than 10 years) increased the risk of urinary bladder cancer to a high degree.


Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are catecholamines' producing tumors with metastatic potential. In expert centers, new techniques have been developed, especially for the management of metastases in interventional radiology. However, during any therapeutic procedure, there is a risk of release of catecholamines. Intraoperative complications are poorly documented during interventional radiology. This case reports a cardiac decompensation during the management of liver metastasis of a paraganglioma by chemoembolization and cryotherapy. The main message of this case study is that cardiovascular events can occur also during interventional radiology management. These procedures require education and close collaboration between the radiologist and the anaesthetiologist.


Abstract : Drawover anesthesia is not a new concept, it dates to the earliest use of volatile anesthetic agents. William T.G. Morton used ether and a drawover vaporizer on October 16, 1846 in the first public demonstration of volatile agent anesthesia. Ether was widely used as a volatile anesthetic in the military from 1846 until the end of World War II. Drawover vaporizers were used on a limited basis during the Viet Nam War. As a result of success with drawover anesthesia experienced by British Armed Forces during the Faulklands War the United States military gained a renewed interest in this device. Currently the Ohmeda Universal Portable Anesthesia Complete (UPAC) drawover device is used by the United States military. Patient simulation is a relatively new tool in teaching anesthesia students. Teaching drawover anesthesia using the patient simulator may have potential advantages. In this study the accuracy of anesthetic delivery by the UPAC as measured by the RASCAL was assessed. The anesthesia patient simulator provided an accurate source of negative inspiratory force to operate the UPAC. The study found that the UPAC delivers accurate and consistent concentrations of isoflurane when used with the anesthesia simulator. However at tidal volumes of 900ml after prolonged use expired concentrations of isoflurane exceeded inspired. This may be a result of absorption of isoflurane into the rubber and plastic components of the anesthesia simulator. It may also have been the result of large tidal volumes and increased amounts of isoflurane drawn into the mechanical lung of the simulator resulting in a concentration effect due to ventilatory limitations of the simulator.


As a basis for any scientifically sound sustainability assessment, the concept of sustainability must first be clarified. This must be considered in a special way with regard to the assessment of individual products. Two essential aspects of the necessary clarification are presented and discussed below. Two examples from the field of building materials are used to illustrate some of the problems that could potentially arise. It is made clear that a sustainability assessment of building materials and components is not possible without explicit reference to the specific purpose of use as well as to the technological and social framework. The limitations outlined should be taken into account when interpreting assessment results that document compliance with sustainability objectives.


The crystal structure of C.I. Pigment Yellow 3, a-(l-hydroxyethylidene)-2-chloro-acetanilide-a-azo-(4'-chloro-2'-nitrobenzene) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. It crystallises in the orthorhombic system with cell parameters a = 13.240 ± 0.073 Â, b = 30.206 ± 0.118 Â, c = 8.333 ± 0.025 Â. The space group is Pbca and there are eight molecules per unit cell. The structure was solved using direct methods and least-squares refinement has been completed on three-dimensional data, 1191 reflections (CuATa radiation). The hydrogen atoms have been found and included, but only those associated with the methyl group have been refined. The final residual is 7.2%. The molecule exists as the hydrazone tautomer and intramolecular hydrogen bonds keept the molecule approximately planar. The molecules are packed in planar chains parallel to the c axis with the molecules linked by hydrogen bonds, alternatively they may be thought of as packed in columns parallel to the a axis with alternate molecules antiparallel but with the molecules linked by van der Waals forces.


Using the electronic court system is an acceleration form in judicial field to increase accountability and transparence for public. It is based on the Regulation of Supreme Court Number 1 of 2019 concerning Cases Administration and Trial by Electronic System. But, the regulation not regulate about the system for criminal case include corruption case. A concept to make a electronic system at the corruption settlement have a purpose to eradicate corruption. This article examines about the philosophical and juridicial aspect about the concept. This article uses normative research and library studies to collect the legal material.


The genetic parameters were studied to elucidate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Evaluation of thirty genotypes of tomato was done in randomized block design at vegetable research farm, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. The genotypes exhibited a wide range of variability for all the characters studied. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied. High heritability combined with high genetic advance was observed for the characters plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, ascorbic acid and TSS. High heritability combined with high genetic advance indicates that additive gene action plays a major role in governing these traits and these traits can be improved by simple selection.


A brief analysis of the innovative model of red tourism poverty alleviation under the background of rural revitalization is conducted in this paper. The rural revitalization strategy in the new era is the inheritance and development of the Marxist rural development theory and the traditional Chinese thought of emphasizing agriculture. Therefore, the practice patterns and trends of rural revitalization should be differentiated and diversified, seek truth from facts, adapt measures to local conditions, and adapt measures to village conditions to speed up the revitalization of farmers' income, stable employment, and creation of a better life in other places. Hence, this paper considers the novel Red Tourism for the combination of the Rural Revitalization.


The Hmong, who began migration to the United States of America in the latter half of the 1970s, represent a largely unstudied segment of the Asian-American population. Traditional practices such as teenage marriage were widely reported in the early years after migration began, but have been left relatively unexamined more recently. Explicit focus on Hmong women has been largely absent in recent research. This paper examines the relationships between marriage patterns, education and earnings among Hmong women in the United States. Using results from a survey of 186 Hmong women, the results of this study indicate high rates of teenage marriage, as well as associations between early marriage, marital abuse, and both low earnings and lower levels of educational attainment among women married as teenagers compared to Hmong women who waited until adult age to marry. There were signs of encouragement, including higher than anticipated rates of educational attainment among the sample overall. Marital stressors such as spousal abuse remain prevalent, especially among Hmong women who married in their teenage years. Implications of this research are discussed for both practitioners and for future directions in research within the Hmong-American community.


Contact Details Author Name: Dr. Herbert Kasiita (BVM) Address : P.O Box 30469 Kampala Uganda E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Telephone Number: +256702678067 Country: Uganda Institutional affiliation: Veterinary Practitioners without borders Uganda Title Where the cattle go the pastoralist follows: Looking back critically inside the box to understand eco-migration of pastoralists in the unending quest for water and pasture through a livelihood mirror Introduction Briefly introduce the context of the practice – geographic, economic, social and political (max. 350 words) Pastoralism which refers to the seasonal movement of pastoralists from their homesteads in search of pasture and water for their herds has been in existence for several centuries. However, as a result of climate change, urbanization, economic challenges and other conditions, the practice of pastoralism which has been a way of life for communities especially within Africa and the Middle East is quickly disappearing. Pastoralists are specialists according Behnke whose practice is a rational, adaptable, tried and tested production system uniquely suited to the drylands and yet still widely practiced today and remains a dominant feature of rural East Africa. Pastoralists live in some of the harshest, most climatically variable landscapes, and many still manage to exercise their traditional way of life despite efforts to settle them and to 'modernize' their livelihood system. They respond to and use, even choose and profit from, variability. Highly variable, unpredictable and often scarce rainfall dictates where and when they move. They are mobile, allowing them to respond quickly to fluctuations in resource availability and thereby to maintain their herds and other assets. Until we have a plan to change the ecosystem inhabited by these great people, I think it's not rational to try and change them nor their livelihoods. What we have now is close if not the best way to turn dry waste lands into meat and white gold. For example according to Kirkbride and Grahn; dry lands occupy 70% of the Horn of Africa – ranging from 95% in Somalia, more than 80% in Kenya, 60% of Uganda and approximately half of Tanzania. Most of the contribution of the livestock sector to GDP in Uganda is accounted for by pastoralists. This is because pastoralists and communal grazers hold about 95 percent of all the cattle. Cattle owned by pastoral and communal grazers also produce some 85 percent of all the milk in the country yet the legislative systems in the countries of the Horn and East Africa are largely based on those of the former colonial powers. The customary rights and pastoral social institutions are not recognized by law.


In this study we numerically examine thrust production and efficiency of 3D supersonic micronozzles with bell-shaped expanders. Three different expander configurations are simulated (100% 'full-bell', 80% and a 60%) for varying nozzle depths (25μm− 400μm) and Reynolds numbers (15− 800) with decomposed hydrogen peroxide as the working gas. Owing to the inherently low Reynolds numbers on the microscale, substantial viscous subsonic 'boundary' layers are able to develop along the walls of the nozzle expander. These layers retard the bulk flow field and reduce nozzle performance. It was found that the subsonic layers on the expander walls can grow sufficiently large so as to merge together and revert the entire cross section of the expander flow field to subsonic conditions markedly reducing thrust performance. Thrust production and specific impulse efficiency is computed for the various flow scenarios and nozzle geometries to delineate the impact of viscous forces on nozzle performance. Results are also compared to inviscid theory and previous 3D linear nozzle simulations. It is found that the flow alignment of the bell nozzle comes at the expense of an increased expander length and with that an increase in the corresponding viscous losses via subsonic layer. As such, the 30 ◦ linear nozzle produces more thrust and has a higher efficiency than the bell nozzle at a given Reynolds number.


The Neptune desert is a feature seen in the radius-period plane, whereby a notable dearth of short period, Neptune-like planets is found. Here, we report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) discovery of a new short-period planet in the Neptune desert, orbiting the G-type dwarf TYC 8003-1117-1 (TOI-132). TESS photometry shows transit-like dips at the level of ∼1400 ppm occurring every ∼2.11 d. High-precision radial velocity follow-up with High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher confirmed the planetary nature of the transit signal and provided a semi-amplitude radial velocity variation of 11.38 $^{+0.84}_{-0.85}$ m s−1, which, when combined with the stellar mass of 0.97 ± 0.06 M⊙, provides a planetary mass of 22.40$^{+1.90}_{-1.92}$ M⊕. Modelling the TESS light curve returns a planet radius of 3.42$^{+0.13}_{-0.14}$ R⊕, and therefore the planet bulk density is found to be 3.08$^{+0.44}_{-0.46}$ g cm−3. Planet structure models suggest that the bulk of the planet mass is in the form of a rocky core, with an atmospheric mass fraction of 4.3$^{+1.2}_{-2.3}$ per cent. TOI-132 b is a TESS Level 1 Science Requirement candidate, and therefore priority follow-up will allow the search for additional planets in the system, whilst helping to constrain low-mass planet formation and evolution models, particularly valuable for better understanding of the Neptune desert.


The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world with about 1.57 billion customers. The short message service (SMS) in GSM allows amongst others the transmission of short text messages to mobile phones. In case of an emergency, the SMS can be used to warn a large number of individuals. However, the short message delivery is performed on best-effort basis and no quality of service (QoS) agreement is given, i.e., there is no guarantee how long it takes a message to reach the recipient or that the message will be successfully delivered. In this paper, we investigate the message loss probability and the transmission time by performing measurements with different scenarios in a public GSM network. Then, we identify problems according to the requirements for an emergency warning system. We present a solution based on the cell broadcast in GSM and show numerical results regarding the delay and the capacity of the SMS


The nutritive value of evening primrose (Oenothera paradoxa) oil cake was estimated from chemical composition and nutrient digestibility. The cake contained on average (per kg): 210 g crude protein, 0.55 UFL, 0.44 UFV, 110 PDI (PDIE PDIN = 22 g), 92 g PDIA and 100 g of ether extract. The proportion of methionine and cystine in cake was relatively high (1.97 and 2.17 g/16 g N) but that of lysine was rather low (2.00 g/16 g N). Linoleic (C 1 8 . 2 n 6 ) 73.1%, y-linolenic (C 1 8 . 3 n 6 ) 9,0% and oleic (C 1 8 1 n 9 ) 6.4% acids dominated in total fatty acid content. Rumen degradability and intestinal digestion coefficients of protein of evening primrose oil cake or seeds were 0.39 and 0.65, respectively.


Review(s) of: Biodiversity Conservation, Law + Livelihoods Bridging the North-South Divide, by Michael I. Jeffery, Jeremy Firestone, Karen Bubnalitic Cambridge University Press, 2008: 598 Pages.


In dialogic reading during inquiry learning in primary school, pupils read, think and talk together about text
 fragments for answering their research questions. This paper demonstrates from a conversational analytic perspective, how the
 shared activity of text selection is constructed in a goal oriented conversation and how text selection proposals are used. Two
 main practices are identified depending on the situation: (1) when all participants are reading the text for the first time, a
 text selection proposal is constructed with reading-out-loud fragments, and (2) when only one of the participants is reading the
 text, a text selection proposal is constructed with an indexical text reference and indicative summary of the topic. In both
 practices, a separate utterance that functions as a proposal is required to accomplish the complete text selection proposal
 turn.


Provided is a hair restoration/growth stimulating agent containing at least one type of flavonoid represented by formula (I) as an active ingredient. Further provided is a hair restoration/growth stimulating agent containing at least one type of phenylpropanoid represented by formula (II) as an active ingredient.


ABSTRACT In Brazil, the main biofuel crop is sugarcane, and with its rapid expansion, there is much debate about what land uses and land covers it is replacing, and what are the associated environmental and social impacts. Some argue sugarcane is mainly replacing cattle pasture, thus having minimal impacts on native vegetation and small-scale family farming. In contrast, others claim sugarcane is replacing cropland traditionally under soybeans, rice, beans, and corn. Thus, food security is negatively affected and small-scale family farming livelihoods and culture are threatened. This is a proof-of-concept paper illustrating methods contributing toward the resolution of such debates. First we map land use and cover change in areas undergoing sugarcane expansion using satellite data from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer); second, we test the hypothesis that sugarcane is replacing traditional annual crops using intensity analysis, via a case study of land change in the municipality of Pedro Afonso, Tocantins in northern Brazil between the 2008–2013 crop years. Maps matched reference data with overall agreements between 87–91%. Intensity analysis confirmed sugarcane is replacing annual crops much more than cattle pasture and other land uses and covers, pointing to particular economic and social processes driving land change.


Gender bias is a pervasive issue that impacts women's and marginalized groups' ability to fully participate in social, economic, and political spheres. This study introduces a novel problem of Gender-biased Language Identification and Extraction (GLIdE) from social media interactions and develops a multi-task deep framework that detects gender-biased content and identifies connected causal phrases from the text using emotional information that is present in the input. The method uses a zero-shot strategy with emotional information and a mechanism to represent gender-stereotyped information as a knowledge graph. In this work, we also introduce the first-of-its-kind Gender-biased Analysis Corpus (GAC) of 12,432 social media posts and improve the best-performing baseline for gender-biased language identification and extraction tasks by margins of 4.88% and 5 ROS points, demonstrating this through empirical evaluation and extensive qualitative analysis. By improving the accuracy of identifying and analyzing gender-biased language, this work can contribute to achieving gender equality and promoting inclusive societies, in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and the Leave No One Behind principle (LNOB). We adhere to the principles of transparency and collaboration in line with the UN SDGs by openly sharing our code and dataset.


In the era of antibiotics, deep neck abscess is a rare complication of acute mastoiditis. Bezold�s abscess, the most common cause of theotogenic deep neck abscess in preantibiotic era, is a rare complication of mastoiditis nowadays and it should be considered in thedifferential diagnosis of neck abscesses as well as unexplained intracranial/extracranial or upper thoracic abscesses. We report a caseof 20-year old female with an abscess over anterior chest wall as a sequele of bezold�s abscess which was a complication of cholesteatomawith mastoiditis.


President Obama, like countless politicians before him, has pledged to cleanse Washington of the unseemly influence of interest groups on the policymaking process. His plan is to expand the scope of group participation and eliminate quid pro quo exchanges. Yet early signals indicate that he has brought the same previously prominent interest groups (both conservatives and liberals) into policy discussions over the stimulus bill, children's health insurance, health care reform, and entitlement control. Early policy changes also appear to offer substantial benefits to interest groups and constituencies associated with the Democratic Party.I argue that these patterns are typical and should be expected to continue. The involvement of various interest groups and constituencies in Washington policymaking is governed by their relative organizational mobilization, independent of ideology. Yet the extent to which party leaders heed their advice follows largely from their ties to partisan coalitions and their views. Despite campaign claims that interest group influence must be hindered before policy proposals can move forward, policy change comes much more easily to Washington than changes in the role of interest groups in the policymaking process.


In today word copying something from other sources and claiming it as an own contribution is a crime. We have also seen it is major problem in academic where students of UG, PG or even at PhD level copying some part of original documents and publishing on own name without taking proper permission from author or developer. Many software tools in exist to find out and assist the monotonous and time consuming task of tracing plagiarism, because identifying the owner of that whole text is practically difficult and impossible for markers. In our presentation we have focused on practical assignments (projects) as well as written document which is to be submitted by students in to college or university. Because of this crucial task and day by day increasing research in different fields, industry, academy people demanding such software to detect whether submitted articles, books, national or international papers are genuine or not. In this paper, our algorithm divides submitted articles in small pieces and scans it to compare with connected databases to the server on internet. Some existing work compares submitted articles with previously submitted articles i.e. with existing database.


Abstract Information technologies supporting online dating create an enormous expansion of the population of potential partners. However, such a large population offers too much information, too many choices, too many potential (and potentially unsatisfying) partners. The importance of conducting a search efficiently is imperative. This paper applies the economic theory of decision-making under uncertainty to analyze the optimizing behavior of rational adults who use internet dating sites. The analysis applies expected utility to a randomly distributed population of candidates. The main result derives conditions that must be satisfied by a searcher who allocates his time efficiently. The result is based, in part, on an assumption that the behavior of the searcher is guided by his recognition of adverse selection and "cheap talk." The analytical results can be applied to search-and-action scenarios totally unrelated to a search for a romantic partner. These include such diverse scenarios as the deployment of military drones searching for a target or a search for a home or a search for an employment opportunity.


This paper will set out a tripartite taxonomy of Jewish law. This tripartite taxonomy, I argue, suffices to circumscribe almost the entire ambit of the halakha. In addition to its purely theoretical value, the model is useful for reconstructing what the halakhic authorities of Geonic and later generations perceived the status of the Talmud to be. That is, it enables us to offer a jurisprudential analysis of a key development in the history of the halakha — what I call the 'second canonization' of the Talmud. In essence, this second canonization was a major shift in the way halakhic authorities related to the Talmud's legal determinations. Further, invoking the tripartite taxonomy, I argue, allows us to account for seeming discontinuities in the Maimonidean corpus. More specifically, it may explain discrepancies between Maimonides' exposition of the law, and the legal rulings he hands down in concrete cases. The structure of this Article is as follows. The tripartite model is presented in section I, applied to the Maimonidean legal writings in section II, and adduced as a framework for understanding the second canonization of the Talmud in section III.


The authors firstly reviewed issues concerning general changes in expert witnessing in criminal proceedings and tracelogy as specific and new criminal discipline. The most important part of the work is dedicated to DNK analysis in criminal proceedings. In domain of that part, the authors paid special attention to; the term of DNK, development of the method of fingerprint, its use and some problems and questions in expert witnessing. There are also elaborated he issues such as use of the method globally and in our country. At the end of the work the authors stated in conclusion that the method of DNK prince has its approved evidencing values being therefore valid material and process of evidencing because expert witnessing is exercising on the ground of biological materials which are not changeable during time. At the end, the authors provide some statements propositions concerning future of the method on our judicial practice.


Abstract : The long-term goal is to understand the dynamics and temporal and spatial variability of the dynamics of the outflow plume and its subsequent transition to a coastal jet using the combination of VHF/HF radar observations as well as additional moored, shipborne and remotely sensed data.


11584Background: While immunotherapy has established its benefit in the management of many solid tumors, its efficacy in sarcoma is still not well understood. In this study, we sought to evaluate t...


Tissue-macrophage populations are constituted by a mosaic of phenotypes, yet new methods are needed to link metabolic status to the range of phenotypes in vivo. We therefore designed a high-dimensional panel for spectral flow cytometry to investigate the heterogeneity of tissue macrophage metabolism at steady-state, and their metabolic adaptation in response to infection. Distinct metabolic profiles were observed between tissue macrophages from different peripheral organs, as well as within populations from a specific site. As such, our data show multiple metabolic states in macrophages corresponding to relative stages of maturity in both the peritoneal cavity and small intestine. Immune perturbation with helminth infection further showed that peritoneal macrophages acquire an overall highly metabolically active profile, whereas responding intestinal macrophages displayed minimal changes in their metabolic phenotype. Thus, we demonstrate that high-dimensional, flow-based analysis is an exciting method to interrogate the metabolic heterogeneity and dynamics of tissue-macrophage populations.


Method for determining from a remote server a user quality of service (QoS) class of a home network, comprising the following steps performed at the remote server which is connected through the internet with the home network: obtaining home network measurement data of at least one home network parameter associated with a capacity of the home network, using an application layer protocol for remote management, said capacity being a measure for an amount of traffic that the home network can handle at one time; processing said home network measurement data to estimate the capacity of the home network or a parameter related thereto; based on the estimated capacity or parameter related thereto classifying said home network in a user QoS class.


The allocation of digital resources in 7 academic libraries of Guizhou Province and its related problems were analyzed and some strategies for its optimization were put forward for the development of digital resources in academic libraries.


SUMMARY Is "exaltation" a relatively late category explaining the paschal event and superseding the more primitive concept of "resurrection"? What is the original relation or opposition between the two concepts? The first part of this study contains terminological considerations. By means of an extremely formalized representation, resurrection and exaltation are confronted as two models. Resurrection belongs to the kerygmatic language which refers to the facts of Jesus' dying and rising; because of the sequence of those facts in historical time, the resurrection model is called "horizontal". Exaltation, on the other hand, is a spatial pattern; it is "vertical" language and occurs more frequently in hymns. After this confrontation the concept "exaltation" is analyzed in its three moments: ascension, enthronement, and actual lordship (through the Spirit). Finally there is a short discussion of the related idea of "being taken away into heaven" (cf. Henoch, Elijah). The second part answers the questions form...


I n the previous issue of IFLA Journal the time schedule and some programme content of the 46th IFLA General Conference in Manila, Philippines was published. The data given there will not be repeated. However, there are some new developments worth mentioning. In the first place ALA plans to visit China after the Manila Conference and secondly the many interesting Australian meetings planned in conjunction with the IFLA Conference must be mentioned. As was announced earlier, Convention Travel International, POB 82170, 2508 EC The Hague, Netherlands has offered a range of tours in connection with the IFLA Conference. In other countries travel agents have also been active. The American and Australian initiatives follow below.


A device and a method for measuring fuel efficiency of a vehicle are provided to distinguish a road on which fuel efficiency is decreased by offering information on fuel efficiency and a route to save fuel. A device for measuring fuel efficiency of a vehicle includes a navigation unit(100) and a fuel efficiency measuring unit(200). The navigation unit shows and selects a route based on map and position information, and obtains fuel efficiency and uses it to select the route. The fuel efficiency measuring unit calculates fuel efficiency for each block by calculating fuel consumption amount and mileage of a car on the basis of detected information of a sensor attached to an inside of the car after receiving information about starting point and ending point of the block from the navigation unit and provides the calculated fuel efficiency to the navigation unit.


Inositol compounds play multiple roles within eukaryotic cells and potentially in human neurological disorders such as Alzheimer disease. Cells encode a two-step synthetic pathway to make inositol, which is of particular importance in the brain where access to exogenous inositol is limited. The regulatory mechanisms controlling this pathway, which includes the enzyme inositol-3-phosphate synthase (Ino1), have been studied in yeast and plants, but little is known about the mammalian system. In this Paper of the Week, a team led by Miriam Greenberg at Wayne State University investigates inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP6K1), which makes inositol pyrophosphates and is the homolog of the yeast enzyme Kcs1, which positively regulates yeast INO1 gene transcription. In mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, however, the authors show that IP6K1 negatively regulates mammalian mIno1 gene transcription, likely through increasing mIno1 DNA methylation. IP6K1 is also regulated by binding to another molecule involved in inositol metabolism, phosphatidic acid (PA), but in an unexpected way. In yeast, PA retains INO1's transcriptional repressor, Opi1, in the ER, whereas in mice, PA mediates delivery of IP6K1 to the nucleus. The authors conclude, "These findings have important implications for understanding essential cellular functions that are dependent on inositol and human disorders that result from perturbation of inositol homeostasis."