Summary We describe an investigation into the focusing properties of magnetic fields of the form kz n for all integer n . With two exceptions, the trajectories can be expressed as a linear sum of Bessel functions of the first and second type, of order 1/2 ( n + 1) and with argument ± kz n + 1 /2( n + 1). The coefficients in this linear sum can be determined from the initial conditions. Numerical ray tracing calculations confirm these trajectories and this method is to be preferred for determination of the lens parameters. The properties of these lenses are very simple, the focal length and the two principal aberration coefficients are proportional to the value of z at the focus. For this reason only one trajectory is needed in order to describe these properties (say k = 1). All other trajectories can be scaled from this one. The two exceptions are n = –1 and n = 0 and these are considered separately.


This study is about the application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies for the manufacturing of an improved design of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact drill bit body by using Thermojet three dimensional printing and investment casting. The aim of study is to investigate a faster and effective PDC drill bit manufacturing process without compromising the mechanical aspects of the fabricated model. The conventional fabrication processes could be lengthy and cost intensive for the development of a complex product. With the rapidly developing technologies, the aspiration of manufacturing rate is keep rising and will be higher in future for sure. To overcome these issues, AM is one of the tool between the manufacturing rate and high precision product. In the current study, a computer aided design (CAD) of PDC bit body model that was modified from a previous design was taken and sectioned into parts to optimize the three dimensional printing process. Wax patterns were created using AM in separate sections for minimizing the support structure. Then the drill bit body was casted using investment casting process. The end result was a PDC drill bit body fabricated with steel material.


Volume 1-A contains the following chapters: (1) plasma engineering, (2) magnets, (3) ecr heating systems, (4) anchor ion-cyclotron resonance heating system, (5) sloshing ion neutral beam, (6) end cell structure, (7) end plasma technology, (8) fueling, (9) startup ion cyclotron resonant heating systems, and (10) end cell radiation analysis. (MOW)


Captopril is an anti-hypertensive and vasodilator agent utilized in the congestive cardiac insufficiency and it can be commercially found in Brazil in the form of tablets and compounded capsules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dissolution profile of captopril in capsules dosage obtained from compounded pharmacies, when submitted to different conditions of pH, apparatus, stirring speed of dissolution medium and analytical method, as well the validation of the dissolution procedure and of the method of analysis. The drug concentrations in dissolution medium were determined by liquid chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometric. The results showed that the chromatographic method was the most suitable for captopril capsules evaluation, while the spectrophometric method (recommended by the Brazilian and the United States Pharmacopeias) presented low specificity. The dissolution procedure in the selected conditions was precise, accurate and specific. The method was linear. With base in the results obtained the conditions of dissolution test for capsules were the use of 0.01 M HCl (900 mL, 37 ± 0.5 oC), basket apparatus, stirring speed 50 rpm, 20 minutes time and quantification by chromatographic method. All the capsules presented satisfactory results in all the tests assessed.


In this article, the control stage of an interesting versatile single-/three-phase electric vehicle (EV) charging system is studied in details. Therein, a typical three-phase two-level voltage source rectifier can be reconfigured to operate as a single-phase rectifier where two phase-legs operate with a pulsewidth modulation interleaving method and the grid neutral is connected to the midpoint of the dc-bus capacitors with the third leg operating as an active power decoupling (APD) circuit to reduce the current stress in the capacitors. To improve the performance of the single-phase operation while considering external grid voltage disturbances, first, an improved hybrid current control method combining deadbeat prediction current control (DPCC) with repetitive control (RC) is proposed in this article, where a modified RC is adopted to suppress the influence of the internal dc-bus capacitor voltage disturbance and to improve the harmonic control performance. Thereafter, via introducing the weighting factor Kf of the DPCC and by multiplexing the filter of RC in the DPCC output, the stability of the current loop under the influence of grid voltage distortion and grid impedance can be improved remarkably. Moreover, a grid-frequency voltage ripple suppression function implementing zero-voltage-switching turn-on for the APD circuit is achieved, improving the reliability of the converter. Finally, a 7.4-kW single-phase ac–dc converter prototype is built to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in the single-/three-phase EV charging system.


In the US, the National Weight Control Registry revealed lifestyle behaviours shared by weight loss maintainers. In the US and the UK, qualitative studies compared the experiences of weight loss maintainers and regainers. High rates of physical activity, a low‐energy/low‐fat diet, weight self‐monitoring, breakfast consumption and flexible control of eating are well‐established maintenance behaviours.


Crop water requirement varies with the growth stage, so water鄄saving effect of alternate partial root zone irrigation (AI) also varies with the growth stage. Understanding the effect of alternate partial root鄄zone irrigation at different growth stages on maize growth and water and nutrient utilization can provide the theoretical foundation for the implement of alternate partial root zone irrigation and fully exerting its effect of saving water and fertilizer. Taking conventional irrigation (CI) as the control, this study has investigated the effects of AI respectively at seedling鄄 early grain filling, seedling鄄jointing and jointing鄄tasselling stages on dry mass, nitrogen and potassium contents and uptakes of maize and available N and K contents in soil using a pot experiment under two irrigation levels ( normal irrigation and mild water deficit) and two ratios of inorganic to organic N (100% inorganic N and 70% inorganic N + 30% organic N). Results indicate that under mild water deficit and combined application of organic and inorganic N fertilizer condition, AI at the jointing鄄tasselling stage increased shoot and total dry masses by 29.6% and 27.4%, and shoot and total N uptakes by 50.7% and 50.4%, respectively, if compared to CI. Combined application of organic and inorganic N increased shoot and total N uptakes to some extent, but generally reduced soil available N and K contents when compared to only inorganic N. Thus alternate partial root鄄zone irrigation at the jointing鄄 | tasselling stage could increase total dry mass and N uptakes under mild water deficit and combined


The animation of human avatars seems very successful; the computer graphics industry shows outstanding results in films everyday, the game industry achieves exploits... Nevertheless, the animation and control processes of such manikins are very painful. It takes days to a specialist to build such animated sequences, and it is not adaptive to any type of modifications. Our main purpose is the virtual human for engineering, especially virtual prototyping. As for this domain of activity, such amounts of time are prohibitive.


be satisfied identically. So far as the writer is aware, a purely geometric interpretation of this analytic condition does not appear in the literature. Of course the characterization of an isothermal niet as a net which divides the surface into infinitesimal squares is not a geoinetric one.t The fact that these nets have long played a very important part in geometric investigations may lend interest to a purely geometric characterization thereof. In what follows, we present two such characterizations, each of which has its own peculiar


This article discusses the functions of TRANSCOM (Transportation Operations Coordinating Committee), the "mission control" for the daily movement of people around New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. Central to TRANSCOM's effectiveness is the willingness of a myriad of public agencies to participate


AlphaCor keratoprosthesis (KPro) is a new‐concept poly (2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) one‐piece KPro that makes possible a two‐step implantation technique easy to perform with a short learning curve. In literature an 18% incidence of AlphaCor removal due to melting complications is reported. The histopathology of corneal tissue removed during a re‐operation while bearing an AlphaCor KPro has previously been described in the literature only in one report. Herein, the first histological features of an AlphaCor–corneal complex explanted because of KPro extrusion is described. The histopathology of the AlphaCor–corneal complex is characterized by mild inflammation in the corneal tissues, limited to the region surrounding the anteriorized and extruded part of the KPro. It is not possible to fully understand the mechanisms that trigger the device extrusion. One possible explanation could be a dislocation of the prosthesis in the corneal pocket due to the untied fixation stitch. Another explanation could be a foreign body reaction induced by KPro.


This work focuses on the modeling and the identification of the parameters of the impedance model of a PEM fuel cell. It is based on the Randles model represented by specific complex impedance at each cell. We have used the "Least square" method to determine the parameters model using measured reference values. The proposed authentication method is valid for Randles model, but it can be generalized to be applied to others.


The rated refrigerating and heating amount of air-conditioning system in the current railway passenger trains are calculated according to the heating and ventilating designing parameters based on the criteria of Ministry of Railway (TB1955-87),which takes into accounts all the most unfavorable situations.To ensure the stable temmperature inside railway carriages,this easy describes the automatic regulation of air-conditioning system on the basis of changing temperature outside carriages,and puts forward designing methods.


Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of
carotid body tumors (CBT) resection by arterial decortication. Methods We present experience
of diagnosis and treatment of 13 CBT cases hospitalized from 1989 to 1997. HZResults
Resection of the CBT were undertaken in 11 out of 13 cases by arterial decortication. Followup
of one to five years found no postoperative complications and recurrence. Conclusions
Ultrasonography, CT and arteriography provide valuable information for diagnosis of CBT.
Subadventitial dissection for CBT ressection is rapid and safe.


The Bible in the Contemporary World collects fourteen essays written by Richard Bauckham at various times in his prolific career, all of which relate the Bible to the contemporary world. Bauckham has long since established himself as one of today's foremost biblical scholars. This collection reminds the reader that his expertise extends far beyond biblical texts and periods into the contemporary world. In addition to interpretations of multiple biblical texts and concepts, this book offers an 'interpretation of the contemporary world' (p. ix) that is sound, honest, engaging, and critical without claiming comprehensiveness (p. xii). The essays included in this volume are 'Reading Scripture as a Coherent Story', 'Are We Still Missing the Elephant? C. S. Lewis's "Fernseed and Elephants" Half a Century On', 'Contemporary Western Culture—A BiblicalChristian Critique', 'The Bible and Globalization', 'Freedom and Belonging', 'Humans, Animals, and the Environment in Genesis 1–3', 'The Story of the Earth according to Paul', 'Ecological Hope in Crisis?', 'Creation—Divine and Human: An Old Testament Theological Perspective', 'God's Embrace of Suffering', 'The Christian Way as Losing and Finding Self', 'The Fulfillment of Messianic Prophecy', 'Where Is Wisdom to Be Found? Christ and Wisdom in Colossians', and 'What is Truth?' As a collection of previously written, unrelated essays, this book covers a wide range of topics, including culture, ecology, art, and interfaith dialogue. There is no correct reading order, rather, as Bauckham himself encourages (pp. xii–xiii), it is best to read the chapters in order of interest. As such, readers can jump straight into whatever discussion holds particular appeal to them without needing to first wade through chapters of literature review and methodology. Just as important, Bauckham avoids using technical language whenever possible, without sacrificing argumentation, so that his essays are accessible to as many readers as possible. This small book is a treasure trove of knowledge from a formidable scholar. While it may appear a quick read, readers will likely find themselves pausing frequently to reflect upon Bauckham's insights. For those who believe that the Bible has something to say to the contemporary world, this book will help discern its message.


Objective To observe the influence of oral administration of marine collagen peptide(MCP) on epidermal water content and cholasma in human body.Methods One hundred adults whose epidermal water index was below or equal to 12,and another 100 adults who had facial chloasma were selected as the study subjects.Both teams were divided respectively into normal control groups(NCG) and trial groups(TG) with 50 persons in each group,and participated in epidermal water-improving and cholasma-dispelling trial respectively.Individuals in TG ingested 2.7 g/d MCP for 30 days.The levels of epidermal water,area and color of chloasma,routine analysis of blood,urine,feces and biochemical analysis of blood were performed,and senses of fatigue,fidget,insomnia and acerbity were evaluated.Results The average level of epidermal water index in TG was increased from(7.48 ± 2.39) to(8.68 ± 3.15) after intervention by taking MCP.There was statistical significance compared with both the initial sate of TG(P 0.05) and that of NCG(P 0.01).Dermal oil content and pH value were not affected(P 0.05).The area and color of chloasma were decreased by an average value of(0.35 ± 0.38) degree and(4.7 ± 8.01) cm2 respectively after MCP adoption for 30 days.The P values were below 0.05 compared with those of the initial TG and NCG.The senses of fatigue,fidget,insomnia and acerbity were improved by oral MCP with a high effectiveness ratio.No abnormal changes were observed in routine analysis of blood,urine,feces and biochemical analysis of blood,and no hypersusceptibility was observed either.Conclusion Daily ingestion of MCP may improve epidermal water and dispel facial chloasma effectively,and is helpful to get rid of discomfort symptoms such as fatigue,fidget,insomnia,etc.


The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) in asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures can reduce demand for virgin aggregates and asphalt binder, bringing environmental and economic benefits. However, replacing virgin asphalt binder in AC mixtures poses challenges in terms of mixture volumetrics and low-temperature cracking, fatigue cracking, and other deterioration related to cracking. To counter these effects, softer virgin asphalt binder grades or modifying agents are used to improve production consistency. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate protocols, procedures, and specifications for testing engineering properties and performance of AC mixtures with high amounts (up to 60%) of RAP and RAS. The criteria for selection of the test method were (1) statistically significant spread in test outcome, representing a mix's cracking resistance; (2) applicability and seamless implementation; (3) correlation to other independent test methods and engineering intuition; and (4) correlation to field performance. A practical test method, the Illinois modified semi-circular bending test (IL-SCB) was developed that can be readily implemented to quantify AC mixture's cracking potential. In addition, a flexibility index (FI) was introduced to determine cracking resistance in a consistent way. The IL-SCB showed consistent and repeatable trends for changes in AC mix design properties. The developed FI was shown to provide greater separation between AC mixes to capture some of the changes that could not be captured by fracture energy alone. This approach does not enforce any limits on any AC mixture design characteristics, such as RAP and RAS content, or other alternative materials or technologies. Instead, it categorizes AC mixes based on their performance index. Hence, this approach encourages innovation and sustainability at the same time.


Gorakhpur is an 'oriental region' providing a profusion of habitats, which features diverse biota with a high level of endemism. The region is an important sub-centre for the origin of mushrooms, the most important among the macrofungi. Studies on the taxonomy and diversity of macrofungi are gaining importance as many macrofungi are becoming extinct and facing threat of extinction because of climate change effects and habitat alteration. The present study was undertaken w.e.f. March 2014 to July 2016 in different localities of Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India to collect the samples of macrofungi describing the systemic position and taxonomic identification. This paper deals with the collections of genus Coprinus made from various localities of Gorakhpur and all the collected macrofungal species belonging to the family Coprinaceae. Presently, 14 Coprinus species, viz., Coprinus atramentarius, C. comatus, C. congregates, C. disseminates, C. domesticus, C. extinctorius, C. hemerobius, C. heterosetulosus, C. impatiens, C. lagopus, C. leiocephalus, C. micaceus, C. radiates and C. truncorum were collected and identified on the basis of their morphological and microscopic characters.


Sputter rippling refers to the formation of regular surface patterns during glancing incidence energetic ion beam etching of surfaces, usually as a result of a competition between etching (from the ion beam) and capillary action (driving smoothening via surface diffusion). Many different kinds of morphologies are often observed, including ripples oriented parallel and perpendicular to the projected ion beam direction and "quantum dots" arranged in hexagonal or rectangular arrays. Theoretical analyses of ripple evolution have concentrated on the initial stages of the surface instability leading to pattern formation, and the details associated with the nonlinear mechanisms leading to amplitude saturation and pattern stabilization remain a subject of active interest. The Si(111) surface is a single component surface with isotropic surface diffusion kinetics; for these reasons, this system provides a useful probe of surface evolution without complicating effects of compositional inhomogeneities and anisotropic terrace diffusion. Our examination of the Si(111) surface indicates that step-step interactions may play an important role in the evolution of sputter ripples in this system. To argue for this conclusion, a comparison with sputter ripple evolution on Si(001) is made.


Present situation and guidance ammunition weapon equipment in maintenance system is analyzed, From the strengthening of technical knowledge the existing problems of guidance ammunition support operating system and repair depth are put forward, a complete theoretical system is established, security concept is established in perfect communication platform, a new repair system is established including overall planning of the test and support evaluation of guidance ammunition , to strengthen and improve the guidance ammunition support maintenance work.


negotiating contracts falls on the shoulders of the practice development manager. The agreed budget was less than the practice had hoped for and this did cause some initial concern, but it has now been accepted as reasonable for the first year. Handling the changes in practice organisation has caused stress among support staff, and the next step is to appoint a clinic administrator and a fundholding clerk, which will lead to greater efficiency in providing services for patients within the health centre. Many of the staff would welcome a reduction in the level of uncertainty but, according to the practice development manager, "I can't let them know when things will actually settle down." Side by side with the administration of budget holding is the day to day work within the new contract, which has made demands on everyone in the practice. The extent to which improvements in quality ofpatient care may have occurred is hard to judge at this stage but the thrust towards defining standards for outpatient and inpatient services is currently the main driving force for change. Overcoming the barriers within the hospital system and the absence of "user friendly" accounting systems are causing difficulties, but everything is new and no one has had any previous experience of negotiating costs of patient care. It is early days in the process of budget holding with lots of uncertainty still around. The Calverton practice is still committed to what the partners view as an important experiment. The demands on all the staff are considerable, but actually "getting going" has removed some of the original anxieties about how things would work out. A key issue is going to be getting agreements about the specifications for hospital referrals.


Sparse Matrix-Vector multiplication (SpMV) is a key kernel for many applications in computational science and data analytics. Several efforts have addressed the optimization of SpMV on GPUs, and a number of compact sparse-matrix representations have been considered for it. It has been observed that the sparsity pattern of non-zero elements in a sparse matrix has a significant impact on achieving SpMV performance. Further, no single sparse-matrix format is consistently the best across the range of sparse matrices encountered in practice. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study that explores the use of Machine Learning to answer two questions: 1) Given an unseen sparse matrix, can we effectively predict the best format for SpMV on GPUs? 2) Can SpMV execution time for that matrix be predicted, for different matrix formats? By identifying a small set of sparse matrix features to use in training the ML models, we demonstrate that efficient prediction of the best format with ? 88% accuracy can be achieved when selecting between six well known sparse-matrix formats on two GPU architectures (NVIDIA Pascal and Kepler), and ? 10% relative mean error (RME) with execution time prediction.


ABSTRACT This article examines the profitability of dual moving average crossover (DMAC) trading strategies in the Russian stock market over the 2003–12 period. It contributes to the existing technical analysis (TA) literature by testing, for the first time, the applicability of ordered weighted moving averages (OWMA) as an alternative calculation basis for determining DMACs. In addition, this article provides the first comprehensive performance comparison of DMAC trading rules in the stock market that is known as one of the most volatile markets in the world. The results show that the best trading strategies of the in-sample period can also outperform their benchmark portfolio during the subsequent out-of-sample period. Moreover, the outperformance of the best DMAC strategies is mostly attributable to their superior performance during bearish periods and, particularly, during stock market crashes.


Binderlessboard is one of the potential eco friendly products that can be developed. Utiliation of natural adhesives for non-wood composite is still very limited. Therefore, this research is focused on effects of citric acid content and pressing time on characteristics of particleboard made from peanut shell including its durability to dry wood termite attacks. Peanut shell particles were used as raw materials. Citric acid dissolved in liquid smoke which functioned as a water substitute solvent under a certain ratio and the concentration of the solution was adjusted to 60%. The use of liquid smoke is expected to increase the durability of the particleboard. Factors used in this research were citric acid content (10-30% based on dry weight particles) and pressing time (10 minutes and 15 minutes). Properties of particleboard were analyed based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 for particleboard. The dry wood termite resistance was then analyzed for its weight loss and mortality after 4 weeks. The results showed that the best particleboard was obtained from the treatment of 30% citric acid content with 15 minutes of pressing time where only the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity did not met the requirement of JIS A 5908 type 8 with the thickness swelling were 3.276%, water absorption were 44,991%, internal bonding were 4.679 kgf / cm², modulus of rupture were 26.822 kgf / cm², and modulus of elasticity were 8,986,058 kgf / cm². The best value of weight loss and mortality of dry wood termites on particleboard was obtained in a combination of 30% citric acid content with 10 minutes pressing time were 1.083% and 38.67% respectively.


This is the first in a series of papers which describe the action of an affine Lie algebra with central charge $n$ on the moduli space of $U(n)$-instantons on a four manifold $X$. This generalises work of Nakajima, who considered the case when $X$ is an ALE space. In particular, this describes the combinatorial complexity of the moduli space as being precisely that of representation theory, and thus will lead to a description of the Betti numbers of moduli space as dimensions of weight spaces. This Lie algebra acts on the space of conformal blocks (i\.e\., the cohomology of a determinant line bundle on the moduli space) generalising the ``insertion'' and ``deletion'' operations of conformal field theory, and indeed on any cohomology theory. In the particular case of $U(1)$-instantons, which is essentially the subject of this present paper, the construction produces the basic representation after Frenkel-Kac. Then the well known quadratic nature of $ch_2$,
$$ch_2 = \frac{1}{2} c_1\cdot c_1 - c_2 $$
becomes precisely the formula for the eigenvalue of the degree operator, i\.e\. the well known quadratic behaviour of affine Lie algebras.


Emergency physicians have a duty to protect patient confidentiality, within the constraints of the law. It is an ethical and legal duty and serves to maintain patient trust and protects patients' relationships, employment, and personal desire for confidentiality of medical information. There are specific circumstances where confidentiality should appropriately be breached, including judicial proceedings, public reporting statutes, and in cases where patients or other parties are endangered. Emergency physicians should avoid using social media for posting patient information, including de-identified images and comments. Transmission of patient information may be performed over secure electronic servers, for the purposes of patient treatment, with the patient's consent. Protected health information may be appropriately used for educational purposes.


Palliative care aims to comprehensively alleviate the suffering of patients with chronic, degenerative and terminal diseases, and thus improve their quality of life by including physical, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects in the care process. In Colombia, the provision of palliative care services is regulated by Law 1733 of 2014, but access to them is limited since the health care centers where these services are provided are concentrated in the large capitals of the country. Furthermore, the general population is unaware of the existence of this type of care. The fear of contagion during the COVID-19 pandemic created additional barriers, hindering even more the access to palliative care. For example, the access of health personnel in charge of these services to patients' homes was restricted and it was observed that people avoided attending their appointments at health centers. Similarly, isolation and social distancing measures further worsened the psychosocial suffering of both inpatients and their families, as the support and presence of their loved ones was extremely limited during the end-of-life period, making, in turn, the grieving process more difficult when these patients passed away. Bearing this in mind, the objectives of this reflection were to explore the current situation of palliative care services in Colombia and analyze the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on their provision at home. Resumen


The Reaction of S-methyl-S-cysteine (L-Smc) with racemic s-cis-[Co(dmedba)Cl 2 ] - 1 (H 2 dmedba = N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine-N,N'-di-α-butyric acid) yields A-s-cis-[Co(dmedba)(L-Smc)] 2 with N,O-chelation. Oxidation of sulfur of 2 with H 2 O 2 in a 1: 1 mole ratio gives Δ-s-cis-[Co(dmedba)(L-S(O)mc)] 3 having an uncoordinated sulfenate group. Oxidation of sulfur of L-Smc with H 2 O 2 in a 1: 1 mole ratio produces S-methyl-L-cysteinesulfenate (L-S(O)mc) 5. Direct reaction of 1 with 5 in basic medium gives an N,O-chelated Δ-s-cis-[Co(dmedba)(S-S(O)mc)-N,O], which turned out to be same as obtained by oxidation of 2, while an N, S-chelated Δ-s-cis-[Co(dmedba)(S-S(O)mc)-N,S] complex 4 is obtained in acidic medium from the reaction of 1 with 5. This is one of the rare [Co I I I (N 2 O 2 -type ligand)(amino acid)] type complex preparations, where the reaction conditions determine which mode of N, O and N, S chelation modes is favored.


We sampled and analyzed soils developing in the coastal and fluvial terraces near Ventura, Calif.: (1) to test the usefulness of studies of such soils as a chronologic tool, (2) to characterize the soils in this geologic and climatic setting, (3) to document the composition of the soils and long-term rates of soil development in this area, and (4) to compare these rates with those of soils in other climatic and geomorphic settings. The coastal terraces in the Ventura area consist of a marine wave-cut platform overlain by a thin veneer of beach sand and gravel, which, in turn, are overlain by terrestrial sediment. This area is tectonically active, but sampling sites were chosen on flat, relatively stable surfaces. Radiometric and amino-acid-racemization data on the terrace deposits provide maximum ages for the soils. Six terraces, four marine and two fluvial, range in age from about 0.5 ka to older than about 80 ka. Systematic changes with age in many morphologic, physical, and chemical characteristics of the soils developed on the terraces suggest that the geomorphic surfaces are stable enough for soil development to proceed. Some characteristics of the Ventura soils appear to change more rapidly over time than those of soils in inland, central California. Clay accumulation is especially rapid near Ventura, although the mineralogy of the clays does not alter significantly with increasing age. This absence of clay-mineral alteration suggests that many of the clays are products of mechanical weathering, or are inherited from eolian sources or colluvial reworking. The rate of accumulation of dithionite-extractable iron oxides is faster, and the rate of change of the morphologic soil development index higher, for Ventura soils than for soils in central California. INTRODUCTION Marine terraces along the California coast provide age control for studies of soil chronosequences (in which soils differ in age but have similar climate, parent material, vegetation, and slope position). Soil development, which is most pronounced on stable or slowly active landscapes, can be studied on the different-age terraces where the surfaces are flat or slope gently. Near Ventura, Calif., the formation of three marine terraces was dated previously by radiometric and amino-acid methods (Lajoie and others, 1979, 1982). In addition, two fluvial units have been mapped but not accurately dated. The younger of these two fluvial deposits is similar in texture and mineralogy to deposits in the marine terraces; therefore, the parent materials of the soils are similar enough to study as a soil chronosequence. The older fluvial unit is composed of coarse gravel of slightly different mineralogy, and so this unit is not considered part of the soil chronosequence. We studied this unit and the soil developed on it, however, for comparison with the chronosequence. The purpose of this study was to examine, sample, and analyze soils associated with the marine and fluvial terraces near Ventura so as to determine: (1) whether the soils developed systematically with terrace age, (2) how the soils developed in comparison with those other areas, and (3) whether the soils developed on marine terraces can be used to identify and correlate the terraces near Ventura or elsewhere along the coast. Acknowledgments. Many thanks to Ken Lajoie for his generosity with time, ideas, and materials. The late D.E. Marchand participated in the planning and sampling stages of this study. We thank R.M. Burke for early reconnaissance of the study area, and E.M. Taylor, C. Terhune, and S. Walker for compiling information pertinent to the manuscript. We also thank M.C. Reheis and T.K. Rockwell for helpful discussions. GEOGRAPHIC AND CLIMATIC SETTING Three marine terraces near the town of Ventura (fig. 1) were studied by Putnam (1942), Sarna-Wojcicki and others (1976), and Lajoie and others (1982). Because tectonic deformation is so active in the study area, the terraces near Ventura cannot be reliably correlated by geomorphic criteria with those west of Santa Barbara or with those south of Oxnard. The Mediterranean climate of the study area is characterSoils Developed on Coastal and Fluvial Terraces near Ventura, California Bl 119°27'00" 119°17'30"


The 21st century has been changing into global and informative society led by scientific technological civilization. Besides future society will be changed from the age of the character which evaluates the quantity of knowledge to the image which thinks of creative ideas as best. Likewise the in -visual and intellectual ability rather than visual product will be taken more importantly in future society. Especially creativity is the noticeable element in the 7th Science curriculum. Like this creativity appears as the important element of in the 7th curriculum, the property preparing for 21st century, or the attribute for the education. But all of these are not new. We have promoted the creativity a long time ago. Nevertheless the reason we constantly argue and take care is because we have not been presented a specific way to the education of creativity. Most of all there should be a program of the education of creativity and a teacher`s capability. Therefore we are going to extract the element of scientific creativity from the scientific creative program as a basic study for the development of the creative program in science. By extracting the element of scientific creativity it can be helpful to the development of the educational creative program.(Kyungpook National Univ./ Hacknam Middle School)


This paper examines how Malaysian women use the recreational parks in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Previous studies in Malaysia have shown that women are engaged less in leisure and recreational activities than men due to their family commitments and other constraints. The aim of this paper is to discuss concerning the visits in urban recreational parks and the related feelings by women park users. The objectives are to gather information on park users' demographic backgrounds, and to identify the pattern of use and feelings related to the recreational parks by Malaysian women. The method used was self-administered questionnaire surveys where the total of 510 women park users were surveyed at two recreational parks in Klang Valley. Site observations were used to support the survey data. The results show that majority of the respondents prefer to visit the parks on weekend, usually with companions such as friends or/and family members. Most of the women mentioned having positive feelings while in the parks such as they were more relax and energetic after visiting the parks. The results may contribute and assist park managers, city planners and designers to design and having better management of parks for women users in the future.


We show that for fixed $A,B$, hermitian nonnegative definite matrices, and fixed $k$ the coefficients of the $t^k$ in the polynomial $\tr (A+tB)^m$ is positive if $\tr AB >0$ and $m>N(A,B,k)$.


ViewGen, an algorithm and program for be lief ascription, represents the beliefs of agents as explicit, partitioned proposition-sets known as environments. A way of extending View-Gen to the interpretation of metaphor, and in particular to the comprehension of metaphor within the belief spaces of particular agents, has been described elsewhere. The paper re ports the further refinement and recent imple mentation of this approach, as well as sum marizing the argument for the claim that or dinary non-metaphorical belief ascription and the transfer of information in metaphors can both be seen as different manifestations of a sin gle environment-amalgamation process, one in which explicitly metaphorical amalgamations are triggered by "preference breaking" in the sentence being processed. This requires a con sideration of the scoping of metaphor with re spect to belief contexts, analogous to the scop ing of quantification and definite descriptions with respect to such contexts. As a topic of ongoing and future work, the issue of mixed metaphor, of two distinct types, is briefly ad dressed. press] and is embodied in a prolog program called View-Gen. The basic algorithm of this model uses the notion of default reasoning to ascribe beliefs to other agents un less there is evidence to prevent the ascription. Perrault [1987, 1990] and Cohen and Levesque [1985] have also recently explored a belief and speech act logic based on a single explicit default axiom. As our previous work has shown for some years, the default ascription is basically correct, but the phenomena are more complex than are normally captured by an axiomatic approach. ViewGen also avoids certain counter-intuitive assump tions, such as the non-persistence of ignorance about any given proposition p [Perrault, 1990]. Also such systems avoid any individual-dependent criteria for ascription, such as the individual expertise notions in Viewgen (see below). ViewGen's belief space is divided into a number of explicit, topic-specific partitions, called topic environments. ViewGen also generates a type of environment known as a viewpoint. A viewpoint consists of some person's beliefs about some topics, parcelled up into topic environments. Within ViewGen, all beliefs are ul timately beliefs held by the system (e.g., the system's beliefs about France, what the system believes John be lieves about cars, etc.) and so, trivially, lie within the system's viewpoint. The system's view of some topic (say, atoms) is picto rially represented as in Figure 1. This diagram contains Figure 1: The system's view of …


Aim: To study the characteristics of brain activity in male patients with recurrent and bipolar depression. Design: This was a comparative controlled non-randomized experimental clinical study. Materials and Methods: 59 male patients took part in this study before their medication started: 30 with bipolar and 29 with unipolar (recurrent) depression. Control group consisted of 27 healthy male volunteers. All investigated persons were aged 20 to 59 years. The participants had to sort photos of people and animals, of which 80 were neutral images and 80 showed angry/aggressive people or animals. Simple patterns (cues) were displayed two seconds prior to the pictures, and their relationship was not explained. A 128-channel EEG was recorded and brain responses were analyzed in 0–700 ms from cue onset. Differences between the neutral and emotional conditions (emotional modulation, EM) were statistically evaluated. Results: All components in this study (P100, N170/VPP, P200, P380, and LPC/LPP) in various degrees showed EM dependent on the group and on the type of threatening stimuli. Topography of EM for N170/VPP in all groups and both types of stimuli was quite similar. None of the components unambiguously distinguished between the controls and nosographically different depressions. Conclusion: Our results show that in the study of affective disorders and the search for markers for diagnosis, it is necessary not only to take into account the gender of patients, but also to use various cognitive tasks when recording EEG, and also to consider a set of neurophysiological parameters. Keywords: emotional modulation, electroencephalogram, recurrent depression, bipolar depression, visual evoked potentials.


Experiments were conducted in the laboratory, green house and on farmers' fields to determine, the potassium (k) supplying capacity of some soils in Ogun State, Nigeria, using equilibrium parameters as measured by quantity, intensity and activity indices. The result showed that the potassium status of the soils varied widely.


We are all aware that plastic is being used more frequently every day in our lives. Similar to this, there is an increase in the disposal of plastic, which is then deposited in abandoned landfills, endangering both the environment and public health. Therefore, there is a pressing need to cut down on plastic trash. The field tests showed that the plastic wastes could be used in the construction of roads and that they could withstand pressure while being processed properly to strengthen the roads and address environmental issues. This ground- breaking method extends the life of the road while simultaneously strengthening it. This programme gathers data on plastic garbage and sends plastic debris to areas where plastic- made roads are being built. In the near future, we will have robust, resilient, and environmentally friendly roadways that will rid the environment of all types of plastic trash thanks to an environmentally friendly and cost-effective manufacturing process.


The aim of this review paper is to present a general scientific and political argument for the greater enrichment of mink cages. I first give an overview of the animal welfare issues common to many husbandry systems, before assessing how mink farming compares with other sectors. I highlight two ways in which mink farming (like many other forms of farming) could be improved in welfare terms: in its use of restrictive feeding, and the barren, unenriched nature of many animals' cages (common in some countries, though now rare in others). I will also review in more detail what we know – both scientifically and practically – about specific possible enrichments for farmed mink. Even simple enrichments like wire cylinders, year-round straw, and lengths of rope may have marked effect on mink behaviour and welfare, and, especially in a climate where fur-farming seems to be scrutinised more closely and harshly than many other animal sectors, finding functional, cost-effective ways of enriching environments and reducing abnormal repetitive behaviours are to be encouraged. Introduction In this paper I first give a brief overview of the animal welfare issues common to many husbandry systems, before assessing how mink farming compares. I highlight two ways in which mink farming (like many other forms of farming) could be improved in welfare terms: in its use of restrictive feeding, and the barren, unenriched nature of many animals' cages. I review literature on other species to explain why this last is important in terms of both stress reduction and proper forebrain development, and then review the extent to which we see abnormal repetitive behaviour like stereotypic pacing on mink farms. In my plenary talk itself, and also a subsequent companion paper (Mason in prep.), I will additionally review in more detail what we know – both scientifically and practically – about specific possible enrichments for farmed mink. The aim of this present review is to present a more general scientific and political argument for the greater enrichment of minks' cages. Welfare issues in captive animals: on a spectrum from 'good' to 'bad', where does fur farming sit? Animal welfare relates to an animal's affective (colloquially, 'emotional') state: what it feels. Good welfare thus means experiencing positive emotional states and negligible suffering, while poor welfare entails experiencing severe or prolonged states of suffering (e.g., Dawkins 1980, 1990; Mason & Mendl, 1993). Worldwide, more than 22 billion individuals are currently kept by humans for food, for research, for companionship, and in zoos (cf. the few million farmed mink). For these animals, being housed very differently from how they would live if free or wild, is nearly ubiquitous. Although the aims and methods of these various husbandry systems differ, common welfare themes therefore recur. Veterinary expertise, scientific research and common sense all show, for example, that hygiene, vaccination regimes, nutrition, handling regimes, stress and genotype IX International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production — Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, August 19-23, 2008 have major effects on physical health – with animals that are in pain, nauseous, or otherwise in discomfort from disease or injury obviously having poor welfare. Being unable to maintain homeostasis, due to insufficient access to food, water or a suitable thermal environment, causes both psychological stress and welfare problems from impaired physiological functioning. Housing conditions which restrict movement and/or present little opportunity for naturalistic behaviours, are typically non-preferred by animals, induce stress, and cause the development of abnormal repetitive activities like stereotypic pacing and furor featherplucking (all behaviours which I discuss in more detail below). Housing animals in groups, be they mothers with their offspring, or unrelated similar-age conspecifics, may help solve this problem, but often brings with it others: particularly competition for food, and aggression that subordinate animals cannot escape from. Finally, handling, transport and slaughter are often stressful processes for animals. These welfare issues occur and recur in many systems from the familiar to the exotic: laboratory mouse breeding units, poultry farms, pig farms, even timber camps using working elephants – and a myriad others. These recurring welfare concerns have therefore prompted the 'Five Freedoms' (Brambell, 1965) to become generally accepted tenets for ensuring good welfare, across a host of diverse systems; these are: (1) freedom from injury and disease; (2) freedom from hunger, thirst and malnutrition; (3) freedom from fear; (4) freedom from thermal or physical distress; and (5) freedom to express most 'normal' behaviors. These recurring welfare concerns also allow the exchange of ideas, opinions, techniques, data and welfare evaluations between scientists working on similar problems, even when the species and system they are studying varies. Such exchanges would suggest that in many ways, a well-run mink farm compares extremely favourably with many other animal industries -particularly with those in food animal agriculture (cf. Spruijt, 1999; also SCAHAW 2001 and Pedersen et al., 2002; Hansen 2007), but arguably also with many research animal facilities, and even some (the most environmentally restrictive) forms of petand zoo animal housing. For example, infant mink are left with their mothers until they have transitioned to solid food (unlike piglets and calves, for instance); left physically intact (not castrated, branded, tail-clipped, tooth-clipped or given any other type of painful mutilation, unlike e.g. piglets, calves, lambs, laying hens, and many research rodents); and often housed with siblings beyond that. Overall kit mortality to weaning age has been estimated at between 20 and 35% (reviewed SCAHAW 2001); fairly similar to that seen in piglets without farrowing crates (reviewed Mellor & Stafford 2004), and lower than rates seen in some bear and 'big cat' species in zoos (Clubb & Mason, 2003, 2007). Levels of fear are typically low. Mink cages give animals space to move, separate resting/nesting areas, and separation from their faeces (unlike typical poultry, pig and some dairy systems). Stereotypic behavior on mink farms is less prevalent than in say, tethered dry sows, isolated laboratory macaques, or even zoo-housed giraffes (surveyed in Mason & Latham, 2004; Mason et al., 2007), and when mink are well-fed, it is also less time-consuming than that performed by many carnivore species in zoos (Clubb & Mason, 2003, 2007). Adult mink mortality rates are on average 2-5% per year (reviewed SCAHAW 2001); this contrasts with, say the 16-17% first and second litter sows that are culled for lameness (e.g. Gill, 2007; to give just one example; data from intensive dairy cattle or aviary laying hens would provide poorer contrasts still). Finally, mink are hardly ever transported (unlike the vast majority of food animals); and euthanasia is on-farm, and typically an extremely swift process.


Coupled electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been observed with a dual mode control laser. The technique can be used for generating EIT-comb from optical frequency comb.


Bilirubin is a major component of gallstones and the solubility of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) has been shown to play an important role in gallstone formation. The mechanism of gallstone formation and solubilization of UCB is, however, still unknown. Several investigators have attempted to determine the chemical nature of bilirubin which are thought to be closely related to its solubility. Hoivever, there is some controversy over the ionization constants and pK values of carboxyl groups of UCR. In the present study, the effect of pH, the type and concentration of bile salt on UCB solubility were studied and the pK values of bilirubin were calculated. The results were as follows: 1) There are more solubilities with higher bile salt concentrations and with increasing pH, and bile salt plays an important role in solubilizing UCB in bile. 2) Bile salt monomers, dimmers and micelles are equally effective in solubilizing bilirubin. 3) The bilirubin in bile is almost entirely in the monoanion (BH- ) form at physiological pH values.


In this far-reaching exploration of the evolution of warfare in human history, Jack S. Levy and William R. Thompson provide insight into the perennial questions of why and how humans fight. Beginning with the origins of warfare among foraging groups, "The Arc of War" draws on a wealth of empirical data to enhance our understanding of how war began and how it has changed over time. The authors point to the complex interaction of political economy, political and military organization, military technology, and the threat environment - all of which create changing incentives for states and other actors. They conclude that those actors that adapt survive, and those that do not are eliminated. In modern times, warfare between major powers has become exceedingly costly and therefore quite rare, while lesser powers are too weak to fight sustained and decisive wars or to prevent internal rebellions. Conceptually innovative and historically sweeping, "The Arc of War" represents a significant contribution to the existing literature on warfare.


K . N E Y T S , G. H U Y S , M. U Y T T E N D A E L E , J . S W I N G S A N D J . D E B E V E R E . 2000 . Sixty-eight food sam ples were exam ined for the presence o f m esophilic Aeromonas species bo th qualitatively and quantitatively. Aerom onads were isolated from 26% o f the vegetable samples, 70% of the m eat and pou ltry samples and 72% of the fish and shrim ps. N um bers o f motile aerom onads p resen t in the food samples varied from < IO2 cfu g_1 to > 10s cfu g ~ '. G L C analysis o f F A M E s was used to identify a selection o f p resum ptive Aeromonas colonies to fenospccies or genom ic species level. Aeromonas strains belonging to the Aer. caviae com plex, w hich also includes the potentially pathogenic genospecies H G 4 , w ere mostly isolated from vegetables b u t w ere also found in m eat, poultry and fish. In addition, three strains o f the v iru lent taxon Aer. veronii biovar sobria H G 8 were isolated from poultry and m inced m eat. All m em bers o f the Aer. hydrophila com plex, predom inant in th e fish, meat and pou ltry samples, were classified in the non-v iru len t taxon H G 3. A lthough the significance o f Aeromonas in foods rem ains undefined, the isolation o f Aeromonas H G 4 and H G 8 strains from a variety o f retail foods m ay indicate that these p roducts can act as possible vehicles for the dessim ination of food-borne Aeromonas gastroenteritis.


Objective To evaluate the level of IFN-γ in serum of senior citizen with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) when the disease occurs.Methods The level of IFN-γ in serum of 28 senior citizens with AMI(AMI group),38 cases with stable angina(SA group) and 39 normal controls(NC group) was assayed by ELISA method.Results To compare the level of IFN-γ in NC group with SA group,the improvement was no significant difference(P0.05).But the level of IFN-γ in AMI group was less than that in NC group and SA group,the improvement was obvious(P0.001).Conclusion The level of IFN-γ in serum of senior citizen with AMI is reduced and the immune adjustment in body is unbalance.It may have an effect on the forming and progress of AMI.The level of IFN-γ in serum can serve as an index to detect the serious degree of AMI.


Lasers are becoming energy sources of choice for many medical applications. Ability to deliver sufficiently high energy in a short pulse while maintaining required average power ("super pulse") is crucial for a number of surgical procedures. Recent technological advances have made possible implementation of Super Pulse (SP) regimes in Laser Diodes (LD) and Fiber Lasers (FL). This capability may offer numerous advantages over existing techniques. In this work, we have conducted thorough evaluation of two prototype super-pulse LD and FL systems, respectively designed for dentistry (treatment of soft tissues) and urology (lithotripsy), through their comparison with the corresponding "gold standard" commercial systems.Prototype super-pulse LD system for dentistry provided up to 25 W average and up to 150 W peak power at ∼980 nm wavelength. The laser was operated in various modes of control including those with thermal feedback. The following characteristics of the system performance were evaluated: 1) Speed and depth of cutting; 2) Degree of charring and dimensions of coagulative margin. The SP laser diode system was compared with industry-leading conventional diode and CO2 devices. The results indicated that the super-pulse diode laser system yielded increase in speed of controlled cutting by a factor of 2 in comparison with the conventional diode laser and approaching that of CO2 device.Prototype super-pulse Thulium (Tm) FL system for lithotripsy was capable of operation with up to 50 W average and 500 W peak power at ∼1940 nm wavelength. The in vitro experimental setup included a specially designed cuvette allowing quantitative assessment of size distribution of stone fragments and evaluation of the ablation rate. Magnitude of the retropulsion effect was measured as well. The SP Tm fiber laser system was compared with leading Ho:YAG system on the market. The two systems were matched in terms of average power and/or pulse energy. Ablation rate measurements revealed that, depending on stone composition and laser settings, the Tm laser provided between 1.2 and 4.3 times faster ablation than the Ho system. The temperature rise in the cuvette was nearly equal for the two lasers. The average retropulsion distance after a single pulse was substantially shorter with the Tm laser.The results obtained suggest that super-pulse technology implemented in laser diodes and fiber lasers may have significant potential for creating a new standard of care in the field of precision soft and hard tissue surgery in various specialties of medicine.Lasers are becoming energy sources of choice for many medical applications. Ability to deliver sufficiently high energy in a short pulse while maintaining required average power ("super pulse") is crucial for a number of surgical procedures. Recent technological advances have made possible implementation of Super Pulse (SP) regimes in Laser Diodes (LD) and Fiber Lasers (FL). This capability may offer numerous advantages over existing techniques. In this work, we have conducted thorough evaluation of two prototype super-pulse LD and FL systems, respectively designed for dentistry (treatment of soft tissues) and urology (lithotripsy), through their comparison with the corresponding "gold standard" commercial systems.Prototype super-pulse LD system for dentistry provided up to 25 W average and up to 150 W peak power at ∼980 nm wavelength. The laser was operated in various modes of control including those with thermal feedback. The following characteristics of the system performance were evaluated: 1) Speed a...


Cu-doped-CdS and In-doped-CdS cosensitized (Cu-doped-CdS/In-doped-CdS) quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) are introduced here. Different cosensitized sequences, doping ratios, and the thickness (SILAR cycles) of Cu-doped-CdS and In-doped-CdS are discussed. Compared with undoped CdS QDSCs, the short circuit current density, UV-Vis absorption spectra, IPCE (monochromatic incident photon-to-electron conversion), open circuit voltage, and so on are all improved. The photoelectric conversion efficiency has obviously improved from 0.71% to 1.28%.


Numerousstudies basedonthespectral analysis of diastolic sounds showedanincrease inthehighfrequency portion ofthespectrum forpatients withcoronary artery disease (CAD) compared withnormalpatients. Theoverall goalofthis studyis todetect thepresence ofcoronary artery disease inpatients using a noninvasive and inexpensive approach. A commercially available electronic stethoscope wasusedtorecord thediastolic heart sounds frompatients diagnosed withorwithout CAD based ontheir coronary angiography examination. TheFastFourier Transform, a widely usedsignal processing method, wasthen implemented onthediastolic segments. Thepowerratios ofthe energy above130Hztotheenergy below130Hzwerecalculated fornormaland abnormalpatients and compared. Results furthermore confirmed thatpatients withCAD havemoreenergy inthehigher portion oftheir spectrum, resulting inhigher power ratios thanfornormalpatients (p<0.05). Thisapproach ledtoa sensitivity of71%,aspecificity of83%andanoverall accuracy of 73.3%usinganoptimal threshold ratio of1.5.Theseresults suggest thattheproposed system couldbeusedinclinics aspart ofstandard physical examinations. IndexTerms-Coronary arterydisease, FastFourier Transform, occlusions, powerratio, spectral energy.


Starting from an interest in snatching (Schwab and Ostrom 2008) and the role of internalised norms and values (delta parameters) this paper analyses a "snatch game". It looks at the behaviour of customers picking flowers on a field where the payment is based on the honour system. Peoples' choices are observed in a natural real live choice situation, which is not a game. Due to transaction cost reasons, the picking and payment of the flowers is neither observed nor are violations enforced. In such a situation the payment should rely entirely on delta parameters. Therefore, the setting provides an optimal setting for studying them. Various research questions are investigated: Is it appropriate to describe the choice situation as a cost-benefit calculus of the customer? Do different socio-demographic variables result in different internal deltas and therefore payment rates? Do people who also face external deltas have higher payment rates? Does the maximising customer snatches more, the more flowers she picks? The paper provides tentative answers to those questions.


The existing status on removal of natural organic matter in raw water by enhanced coagulation was introduced. The complexity of raw water determines the complexity of its corresponding coagulation process. How to guarantee the removal efficiency is a systematic issue and need to make further study on mechanism of coagulation and dynamics for better simulating and optimising coagulation process


User privacy preservation is critical to prevent many sophisticated attacks that are based on the user's server access patterns and ID-related information. We propose a password-based user authentication scheme that provides strong privacy protection using one-time credentials. It eliminates the possibility of tracing a user's authentication history and hides the user's ID and password even from servers. In addition, it is resistant against user impersonation even if both a server's verification database and a user's smart card storage are disclosed. We also provide a revocation scheme for a user to promptly invalidate the user's credentials on a server when the user's smart card is compromised. The schemes use lightweight operations only such as computing hashes and bitwise XORs.


The utility model discloses a peripheral anti-intrusion system and a protective facility. The peripheral anti-intrusion system comprises a plurality of sensor nodes distributed around a monitored region at intervals, and the sensor nodes are connected and communicated through a controller local area network bus. The protective facility is arranged around the periphery of the monitored region, and the sensor nodes are arranged on the protective facility at intervals. Cables of the controller local area network bus which are connected with the sensor nodes are provided with redundant structures relative to the protective facility. The peripheral anti-intrusion system and the protective facility improve the reliability and construction convenience of products, prolong service life of products, and save cost.


Relevance of the study. Exploring the music of Anna Korsun, who at the moment is one of the most famous, titled and most promising young composers in Europe, the author of the article emphasizes that this allows to learn about the latest processes in European academic music. Considering A. Korsun's Ukrainian origin, this kind of research is especially important for Ukrainian musicology.
The small number of publications, the almost complete absence of scientific works about the composer's creativity in general or about her specific composition determine the novelty of this article, devoted to a detailed analysis of the "Tollers Zelle" for electric guitar and soprano. This is one of the last vocal works of A. Korsun.
The main objective of the study is to identify the musical interpretive potential of the vocal piece "Tollers Zelle".
The methodology in the article is based on methods of structural, linguistic and comparative analysis.
Results. The vocal piece "Tollers Zelle" was written by A. Korsun as an assignment with the obligatory condition of using the text based on some specific poem. The composer placed the text of the selected poem by E. Toller at the end of the work immediately after music and chose the life and creativity of the poet in general as the basis of the image system of the piece. According to the mind of author of this article, the content palette of the work consists of images of stupor, pain, solitude, disorder of consciousness, that are realized through dissonant verticals, glissando technique, expressive character of performance, transformation of electric guitar sound into a voluminous, rattling, and cold one with elements of playfulness using a glass and a toy musical box, making a voice close to the sound of an electric guitar. Versions of almost all performers of "Tollers Zelle" differ in some more loose aspects (the pitch and rhythm lines are non-fixed precisely, tempo "ad libitum") and are close in basic elements — manner of playing and singing, dynamics.
Conclusions. The vocal piece "Tollers Zelle" can be analyzed in aspects of composer's, musicological and performer's interpretation. The composer's interpretation demonstrates an original solution of the assignment condition, that indicates the non-standard thinking of A. Korsun within her aesthetic principles. Musicological interpretation by author of this article finds the main images and musical technical aspects of the piece "Tollers Zelle", its inclusion in the A. Korsun's individual style and also the closeness of almost all performer's versions of the piece.


In measuring system for series capacitor project, current transformer (CT) is fixed very near to bypass breaker, gap, and disconnect switch. So, measuring system is subject to be disturbed if there is operation of switch mentioned above. Optical current transformer (OCT) has great advantage in such condition. In PINGGUO and HECHI projects, OCTs are used and play important role. Unfortunately, some problems still exist in those two projects, even some apparatus are damaged. Tests are carried out on site to find the reason. The results show that, the cable on platform is the main source of disturbance. The performance of measuring system is improved after resolvents are taken. (5 pages)


Pure ZnO and Nd-doped ZnO were prepared via sol-gel method with zinc acetate dehydrate and lithium hydroxide monohydrate as raw material.The samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction,X-ray energy spectrum,UV-Vis spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscope.The photocatalytic performance of different ZnO particles was studied using 15W ultraviolet lamp as the illumination device and unsymmetrical dimethyl-hydrazine as the stimulant pollutant.Effect of the amount of Nd was investigated.The results indicated that doping improved the photocatalytic performance of ZnO,the most active mole ratio being 0.025.When the reaction temperature was 30℃,the degradation rate of UDMH could reach 92% by catalysis of 0.1g/L in 100min.


The regioselective synthesis of 1-benzyl- and 1-methyl-4-vinylimidazole from 4,5-diiodoimidazole is described. Their Diels-Alder reactions with N-phenylmaleimide provide a variety of adducts, including the anticipated enamine and the corresponding aromatized isomer. However, additional products including ene adducts, a bis Diels-Alder adduct and oxidation products were isolated.


As Descartes wondered, will the machines ever be able to think? In this 4th
Industrial Revolution, this scenario is becoming increasingly real. Perhaps, Artificial
Intelligence is its maximum exponent; that which gives rise to contents of an artistic
nature, among others, in an autonomous and independent way from men. But, who
to attribute the ownership of the rights since, a priori, a machine does not need to
be rewarded with an exclusive right over its creation to encourage it to produce?
Throughout this study, we will address the legal challenges to which we are exposed,
through a qualitative analysis, which will dive into the laws of various countries, the
most important decisions of national, European and international courts, and will go
to the thoughts of the most renowned doctrine. All of this with a single purpose: to
shed light on this path towards an unknown intelligence that has come to stay.


SOCIETY UNDER THE OLD REGIME lived in constant dread of food shortages. A common obsession with this ever-recurring problem forged a close bond between the governed and the governors, the people and the police. As the people drew the bulk of their nourishment from grain the police made strenuous efforts to assure a regular supply of it for the sake of social order and well-being. To this end, they subjected the grain trade to controls which were rigorously applied in times of stress and indulgently relaxed in easy times. Given its historical role as capital of France, its enormous size, and the alleged volatility of its population, Paris commanded special attention in the eyes of the royal government. Its police of provisioning was the most elaborate and powerful in the kingdom. 1 In an urban context, a subsistence crisis usually occurred when the price of bread rose and sustained a high level as a result of a shortage of either grain or flour, or both. Characteristically, in such a crisis, bread was rare as well as dear, and of poor quality. Flour crises, due to


This article attempts to spell out the Commission's present position on the following set of questions: according to which normative criteria can European integration, European governance and the Commission's own roles in the two processes be considered legitimate? Taking the 2001 White Paper on Governance as a reference point, it is argued that the Commission is trapped between two sets of claims to legitimacy: one set of claims coming from the Monnet tradition of thought, where the stress is on unity, efficiency, responsibility and impartiality; and a second set of claims coming from the post-Maastricht critique of the Union, which highlight diversity, clarity and democracy. The result has been that the European Commission entered the recent constitutional debate with a set of proposals that did not do much to strengthen its own position in the Union, or to contribute innovative ideas to the debate, which was meant to deal with the great challenges that lie ahead.


Taking into account that the problem of illegal forest felling in Russia has not been solved so far, the article studies the justification for criminalization of illegal forest felling in considerable amount provided for under Part 1, Article 260 of the Criminal Code of the RF ("simple" illegal felling of forest plantations). According to the Criminal law theory de facto such offence aspires to complete or partial decriminalization, however, de jure such offence has been significantly criminalized. Referring to the theory of criminalization and decriminalization, the authors defined that criminal public danger possesses 2 subsystems (object and damage), "simple" illegal felling has got only one so-called subsystem, which is valuable object. The second subsystem (damage) is absent. The authors determined the significant amount of illegal felling by analyzing the judicial practice which in turn fails to meet the requirements of the legislation. In order to prosecute somebody for illegal felling it is enough to prove that the only one pine tree 26 cm in diameter and 16 meters high has been illegally cut down. Offenders are more often prosecuted for illegal felling in significant amount (Part 3, Article 260 of the Criminal Code of the RF) than for offence provided for under Part 1, Article 260 of the Criminal Code of the RF. As for the total number of verdicts rendered based on Part 2 and Part 3 of the given article, they are twice higher than the number of verdicts based on Part 1, Article 260. Nevertheless, the circumstances that are being introduced into this law as qualifying cannot go with the absolute majority of offences and become a kind of "standard norm" for them. The elements which characterize the overwhelming majority of the certain types of offences should be acknowledged as the essential elements of an offence. In this context authors assume that such indicator as the significant amount of felling should be considered as a criminalizing element of illegal felling. "Simple" illegal forest felling is to be decriminalized, so that sanctions of Part 1 and Part 2 of Article 8.28 of the Code of Administrative Offences are to be amended as well: fines should be increased, basic alternative kind of punishment should be implemented such as community service as well as supplementary punishment in a form of confiscation of work tool or the target of administrative offence. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 2021 14(5): 702–717 © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved * Corresponding author E-mail address: email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com ORCID: 0000-0002-9179-1113 (Shishko); 0000-0002-3394-9728 (Starovatova)


The invention discloses an engine crankcase coarse positioning fixture and a positioning method thereof. The fixture comprises a frame, a bottom plate and a plurality of expansion pin components. The bottom plate is mounted on the frame in an up-down movable manner through a driving device. Sliding rails and positioning members are arranged on the bottom plate. The engine crankcase coarse positioning fixture and the positioning method have the advantages of capability of positioning a crankcase reliably so as to meet processing accuracy requirements of technological standards.


Preparation of slurry is the basal and crucial process when fabricating metal oxide gas sensors using screen-printing method.Slurry composed of organic vehicle,functional phase and glass phase.Organic vehicle contains solvent and additive,optimizing organic vehicle through different ratio of solvents and additives.It was found that the optimized solvents composed of w(terpineol)=60%,w(butyl-carbitol-acetate)=30% and w(di-n-butyl phthalate)=10%.At the same time,by adding w(ethyecellulose)=6%,w(Span)=85 and w(butyrolactone 1,4)=1% into the optimized solvents can make the organic vehicle more suitable for screen-printing.Base on the optimized organic vehicle,using nano-ZnO with different grain size and borosilicate as functional phase and glass phase at the weight ratio of 94∶6,we investigate the quality of screen-printed thick films by varying the ZnO grain size,the concentration of solid-phase,the leveling time.It found that the concentration of solid-phase 6.5∶3.5,30 min leveling time is suitable for the purchased nano-ZnO(100 nm).


The Indonesian state has many basic differences that are unique, such as differences in tradition, culture, religion, race, and many other things. Most of the Indonesian people embrace Islam and in civilization in Indonesia, Indonesia needs pioneers who are able to bring about extraordinary changes and progress for individuals and the country. This research points to the determination of the share of Islam in the Indonesian state power. The strategy used in the preparation of this article is the literature study method, both literary sources, such as books, journals, articles, and others. The results of this study indicate that the pattern of Indonesian leadership really needs the role of Islam and also requires a leader like Rasulullah. By being able to emulate the leadership characteristics of the Prophet, the leaders of the Indonesian nation will understand how to do it in accordance with the goal of forming Indonesia into an advanced and prosperous nation. Besides that, their leaders will understand how to make their country much better and know how a prophet Muhammad was clever in leading the nation to become a prosperous nation.


A new scheme based on pulsed linear frequency modulation is proposed to improve the stability and spatial resolution of optical pulse compression reflectometry. 10 cm spatial resolution over 5.4 km measurement range is experimentally demonstrated.


world. Yalta had shown Roosevelt's hopes coupled with Stalin's selfcentred, crafty determination. The agreements reached at Yalta plainly gave China second place. Certainly by then Roosevelt had realized that China could not be a stabilizing force in Asia for years to come; a SovietAmerican partnership in bolstering a strong unified regime under Chiang Kai-shek was thought to be the best answer. Chern suggests that either all-out support for Chiang in 1945 or, alternatively, support for Chiang in south China and de facto recognition of the Communists in north China were possibilities. Anyone with experience of China at that time might question both. The real alternative would have been a link with the Communists such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai wanted and the China specialists urged. But Mao's letter never got to Roosevelt and the possibility that, despite communist success in 1949, there need have been no Sino-Soviet treaty in 1950 remains one of the ifs of history. What is more, the China specialists were never called upon to give evidence before the Committee, not because Hurley's charges were believed but because their conclusions would have led to a complete reversal of Roosevelt's wartime assumptions. China: U. S. Policy since 1945 is a useful quarto-sized compilation of texts and documents, extracts from speeches, and summaries and tables running from the Korean conflict to the Rabbit Meat bill (affecting China) by way of the Sino-Soviet split, a chart of Chinese history and much else to interest the general reader or to remind the specialist. The main substance is a chronology of events, strongest on the later period. There is less nourishment to be had from the compilation edited by Benson Lee Grayson of extracts of opinions about China stretching from Samuel Shaw, who led the first commercial mission to China in 1784, to Cyrus Vance and President Carter on the most recent links. The American Image of China does not emerge very clearly. There are too many quotes from ill-informed presidents or other officials. A superior smile might greet the U.S. Consul General's observation from Hong Kong in 1900 that " the Chinamen of 3000 BC are the identical Chinamen that greeted us at the opening of the treaty ports "; not very illuminating, though. A lengthy introduction by the editor summarizes, Chinese relations with America from the 18th century to the 1980s, serviceable enough, though marred by some errors of which the most egregious is the statement that President Roosevelt, in March 1945, shortly before his death, " sent a cordial letter to Mao Tse-tung responding to comments by the communist leader concerning the post-war situation in China." No sign of the text, alas, in either of the other two books.


The use of frequency-domain methods in the simulation of nonlinear feedback systems is investigated. Because of their inherent structure, one is usually forced to implement time-domain simulations by serial techniques that are not capable of effectively exploiting parallel and vector processing capabilities. Frequency-domain techniques are more likely to give rise to vector and matrix operations which are amenable to parallel and vector processing; however, they are generally less efficient in dealing with nonlinearities. An examination is made of some fundamental theoretical issues concerning the frequency-domain simulation of nonlinear feedback systems and of applications to the transient analysis of power distribution models in which the individual generators are modeled by nonlinear feedback systems.<<ETX>>


The North Pacific Rim is a segment of the circum-Pacific orogenic belt lying along the great circle between Mesoamerica and Indochina. Paleotectonic reconstructions rely upon integration of information about rocks exposed on land, crustal thicknesses, paleolatitudes of crustal blocks, sediment layers cored at sea, and geomagnetic anomalies. Continental margins have been modified by accretion of oceanic materials during subduction, suturing of continental blocks by collision, and opening or trapping of marginal seas. Prior to the breakup of Pangaea, a vast Paleopacific seafloor was built by spreading coeval with the subduction that elsewhere assembled Pangaea. After the breakup of Pangaea, circum-Pacific subduction accreted deformed increments of the Paleopacific seafloor to the edges of continental blocks now along the North Pacific Rim. Cretaceous crustal collisions closed the North Pacific Rim and isolated the Arctic Ocean. Paleogene accretion of the continental Okhotsk block caused subduction to shift from the Bering shelf edge to the Aleutian chain. The elbow in the Emperor-Hawaii hotspot track records a change in Pacific plate motion at about the same time. Current circum-Pacific arcs include east-facing island arcs and west-facing continental arcs in a consistent pattern that implies net westward drift of continental lithosphere with respect to underlying asthenosphere.


In the engineering construction the earthwork is an essential link. Its goal is to make the plane position and the elevation of a building satisfy the design request by digging and filling the earth. Therefore the calculation of the earthwork is quite common in the engineering survey. The caculation is directly related with the engineering construction cost,which helps control the earth ashlars construction progress and fund using,and guarantees the entire project's processing. The CASS7.0 software is adopted with several different algorithms to calculate the earthwork of the first sign section in Fuzhou city artificial lake project. It is found the DEM algorithm calculates more precisely and quickly,and is advantageous for the programming realization.


Background/Case Studies: Recent studies have shown that some frequent apheresis platelet donors (more than 20 donations per year for several years) have T lymphocyte counts below the normal limit (<500 CD4/μL) while other blood cells (including B lymphocytes) remain at normal levels (Gansner et al; Blood. 2019;133:605). This lymphopenia, which persists even after a period of one to two years after having stopped donating platelets, does not appear to be accompanied by an increased susceptibility to infections and cancers (Rahmani et al; Transfusion 2019;59:1644), suggesting that the decline in T lymphocytes in these donors does not affect their immune functions. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign represents a unique opportunity to assess the immune capacity of apheresis platelet donors with lymphopenia. Study Design/Methods: 48 apheresis platelet donors who donate at least 5 times per year to allow a longitudinal follow-up were recruited. At least half of the participants were frequent donors and were more likely to have low CD4 counts. All participants gave their informed consent. The baseline CD4 count was determined by flow cytometry. The level of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies before and after vaccination was measured using an inhouse validated SARS-CoV-2 RBD-ELISA (Perreault et al., Blood 2020;136:2588). Results/Findings: Pre-vaccination counts ranged from 76 to 1537 CD4/μL (median = 375). As of August 13, a sample for antibody analysis was recovered from 42 participants after the first dose of vaccine (median of 36 days post-vaccination) and from 26 participants after their second dose (median of 37 days post-vaccination) with a median interval between the doses of 77 days. Six of the 42 participants had CD4 counts less than 250/μL; 3 became seropositive after the first dose of vaccine. Seroconversion in individuals with CD4 counts between 250 and 500/μL (n=25) and higher than 500/μL (n=11) was observed in 84% and 91% of participants respectively after the first dose. After the second dose of vaccine, all participants analyzed so far (n=26) were seropositive with 5 seroconverters including 2 individuals with counts of 76 and 248 CD4/μL respectively, and 21 that were already seropositive. Sample collection is still ongoing for the remaining participants. All samples will be analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD antibodies but also for neutralization and Fc-mediated effector functions. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that most lymphopenic platelet donors are not immunocompromised, although seroconversion after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine occurred less frequently in individuals with lower CD4 counts. Additional results from the remaining participants will permit to draw a more definitive conclusion on the immune capacity of lymphopenic apheresis platelet donors.


A society in which everybody is the same at the same stage of the life-cycle will exhibit substantial income and wealth inequality. We use this idea to empirically quantify natural inequality – the share of observed inequality attributable to life-cycle profiles of income and wealth. We document that recent increases in inequality in the United States and other developed countries are both larger than observed rates would suggest, and represent a distinct change from the period 1960-1980. Extrapolating our measures forward suggests that natural inequalities will fluctuate over the next 20 years before settling to a new higher level.


Background—In the era of increasing percutaneous treatment options for heart disease, the estimation of surgical risk has become a key factor in selecting optimal treatment strategies. Surgical risk has historically been estimated by physician's subjective assessment and more recently by statistical risk estimates. Methods and Results—We studied 5099 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery at Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center between 1993 and 2010. Operative mortality risk was estimated statistically by the Veterans Affairs mortality risk estimate and subjectively by cardiac surgeons before surgery. Observed mortality rate was 3.3% (168 deaths) at 1 month, 7.1% (360 deaths) at 1 year, and 18.5% (942 deaths) at 5 years after surgery. Physician's risk estimate (mean [SD], 5.6% [4.4]) and statistical risk estimate (4.3% [5.1]) had modest correlation (c-index, 0.56; P<0.001). Both methods modestly overestimated operative mortality risk. Statistical risk estimate was significantly better than physician's risk estimate in separating patients who died from those who survived at 30 days (c-index, 0.78 versus 0.73; P=0.003), at 1 year (c-index, 0.72 versus 0.61; P<0.001), and at 5 years (c-index, 0.72 versus 0.64; P<0.001) after surgery. Physician's risk estimate was higher than statistical risk estimate in all subgroups except high-risk patients. Conclusions—In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, statistical risk estimate is a better method to predict operative and long-term mortality compared with physician's subjective risk estimate. However, both methods modestly overestimate actual operative mortality risk.


Abstract : As the United States transitions towards a national military strategy based on power projection instead of forward deployed armed forces, contingency forces and their capabilities will become increasingly more important. A key capability required to successfully implement a force projection defense strategy is the ability to conduct a forcible entry. In a forcible entry situation, either airborne or amphibious forces could secure a lodgment and prepare for the introduction of follow-on combat forces. This study investigates the requirements USAF airlift forces must meet to successfully support airborne forcible entry operations. It reviews airlift contributions to past airborne operations in World War II, Grenada, and Panama. Then this study surveys the current world situation to determine what distances airlift forces must cover and the threat environments they must penetrate to successfully deliver airborne forces to potential target areas. Potential airborne forcible entry targets are developed by listing countries involved in armed conflict, drug trafficking, or state-sponsored terrorism, and removing littoral areas. This study then determines lift, distance, threat survivability, and training requirements for USAF airlift forces to successfully support airborne forcible entry operations. Airlift, Airborne operations, Parachute operations, Forcible entry, Airfield seizure.


In this paper we assume that there are two ways towards globalisation: one through a regional clustering of states projecting their integration process so as to gradually absorb the neighbouring ones, and another through a multi-centered development acting at the same time on the global arena. The former type is exemplified by Europe's unification, whose final extension, contrary to our expectations, is not limited to the European continent. The latter one appears instead shaped by the activity of multinationals.To describe these processes, both articulated in their phases, we have prepared to series of graphical models, that can be fruitfully used to conceptualise globalisation in the classroom.


Meet three educators who are thankful the days of being forced to write with their wrong hand are long gone.


The ascent of the Social Democrats to power in Germany will alter the country's direction toward a traditional Western alignment. The SPD platform on issues such as security and foreign policy is proof of this trend. Although not yet evident today, this "New Germany" is what the United States and other Western allies will have to face in the near future.


The β‐amyloid peptide (βAP) is a major proteinaceous component of senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid deposits found in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease. βAP is reported to be neurotoxic only when it forms β‐sheet structure and aggregates. In the present study, we report that the neurotoxic core of βAP, βAP‐25‐35 (β25‐35), perturbs liposome membranes, induces membrane current, and exhibits hemolytic activity only in a buffer condition where the peptide forms β‐sheet structure and spontaneously aggregates. In contrast, β25‐35 in its monomeric random coil structure does not perturb lipid membranes significantly, and exhibits no hemolytic activity. Also, the membrane current was inhibited by Congo Red. The ability of β25‐35 to interact with membranes highly correlates with its neurotoxicity reported previously. These results suggest that membrane perturbation by aggregated β25‐35 constitutes the molecular basis of the peptide's neurotoxicity.


Investment diversification has become an inevitable trend with the development of the world economy. In this work, we first compare the K-Nearest Neighbor model, the Artificial Neural Network model, the grey prediction model, and the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory Networks) prediction model for a period of data analysis. The experimental results show that LSTM is superior, and thus LSTM model is selected to forecast the long-term prices in this work. Then, we introduce some indicators, such as convergence divergence ratio and risk coefficient to qualitatively analyze the market price. The five-day moving average method is used to formulate the best trading strategy based on the above-introduced indicators. We apply the commonly used regression indicators (

 R

 2

 and

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 M
 S
 E

 ) to verify the reliability of the prediction model. Then we introduce new strategies to compare the performance of different ones with them. We found that the five-day moving average method achieved 20% higher returns than the other strategies we used for comparison. Considering the fact that transaction costs may change, we perform the polynomial fitting based on existing strategies by changing the commission cost. The results show that a 1% increase in the gold commission will reduce the total return by 24% to 25%, while a 1% increase in the bitcoin commission will only reduce the total return by 7% to 8%.


Objective
To investigate the effects of glioma microenvironment and COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on the phenotypes and function of dendritic cell(DC).

Methods
The expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production were detected in glioma C6 cells treated with different concentration of celecoxib. Monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood and cultured with 200 ng/ml rhGM-CSF and 50 ng/ml rhIL-4, either C6 tumor cells supernatant (TSN) or TSN from C6 cells treated with celecoxib to generate DCs. Cell morphology was observed. Cell phenotype including CD1a, CD80, CD83 and D86 were analyzed on a FACScan. Production of IL-12 in DC supernatant and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation were detected.

Results
The expression of COX-2 and PGE2 production in C6 cells decreased after treated with celecoxib in a concentration dependant manner. Typical DCs were induced in all groups and the expression of CD1a((75.56±2.40)%, (75.09±3.67)%, (76.03±3.43)%), CD83((72.04±3.45)%, (71.44±3.78)%, (73.63±3.31)%)had no difference (P>0.05). Expression of CD80((58.41±3.85)%), CD86((58.22±3.25)%) in DC with TSN obviously decreased compared with normal group((70.36±2.91)%, (69.31±4.29)%, P<0.01) as well as the IL-12 production((137.88±5.33)pg/ml, (186.04±4.76)pg/ml)and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation (P<0.01). Celecoxib increased the expression of CD80, CD86(66.83±2.51, 63.51±5.47, P<0.01) in DC and the same as IL-12 production((170.31±3.46)pg/ml, P<0.01) and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation (P<0.01), which were lower than the normal level.

Conclusion
Glioma microenvironment may induce the celecoxib can inhibit the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 in gliomas cells and improve the phenotypes and function defect of DCs.

Key words:
Celecoxib; Gliomas; Cyclooxygenase-2; Microenvironment; Dendritic cells


Five experienced divers and 15 novice divers completed a complex underwater assembly task and sets of written problems in a water-filled tank and in the ocean. Performance measurements included subtask completion times, problem-solving accuracy, activity analysis, and basic physiological variables. Experienced divers showed essentially unchanged performance between tank and ocean. Novice divers performed slower than the experienced divers in the tank and showed a marked decrement in both assembly time and problem-solving accuracy in the ocean. The results suggest that diving experience improves underwater motor skills rather than work strategy, and that psychological stress was a significant factor even at shallow ocean depths for novices.


In order to survive in the market, managers need to be constantly looking for the best solution that will enable them to survive in the dynamic business environment they face in their daily lives. Today, human resource management is not just hiring and firing people, administering salaries, designing and implementing benefit programs, and implementing the strategic intentions of top management, but also plays an active role in formulating business strategies (Khanka, 2003). This paper focuses on the review of small business literature and the importance of training and productivity development of employees in the small business sector. The structure and program of employee training and development will also be reviewed so that we can finally draw conclusions about how this affects employee performance. Today's global economy is having a major impact on the difficulty of staying competitive and making a profit. Whether it is a company that offers customers a tangible, in fact physical product or a company that offers any service, a trained employee will be much more successful in selling that product, that an employee who has little or no knowledge of it, or no sales knowledge. The training focuses on making employee development activities for their current jobs and the development prepares employees for future roles and responsibilities. Organizations that invest in effective training and human resource development tend to achieve both short-term and long-term benefits. Given previous research on the interference of employee training in the operational process of companies, the purpose of this paper is to continue the study and clarify how companies that invest in employee training should apply, formalize and implement managerial functions in the desired workforce, and at the same time to have a successful functioning.


The lack of talent is one of the most important reasons for China rural areas under-developing. So constructing an overall safeguard system of talent for development in rural areas is needed.The system should include these followings: relieving farmers of the loads to let them receive education; adjusting the courses in the primary and secondary schools to culture the talent with modem views on rural development;making an overall system to lure talent to rural areas.


Summary form only given. This paper presents two advanced business simulations. The winning at design simulation provides a mirror for viewing and studying business's culture. The simulation exposes the use and functioning of vision, coaching, risk taking and partnerships within a business. This simulation helped a leading high-tech firm maintain their entrepreneurial culture while growing eight-fold in just a few years. In further corporate training courses, pre- and post-simulation questionnaires showed significant change in employees' attitudes. The Executive Innovation simulation teaches executives of high-tech firms to manage innovation and R&D. In this simulation a technological breakthrough initiates a competitive ferment that destroys an industry while creating a new one. Executives manage a firm through this process.


1. The range of pH over which arginase exerts a measurable activity is 4–8 to 1l·5.

2. The point of maximum activity is at or near pH 9·8.

3. The pH activity curve is therefore strikingly unsymmetrical.

4. In the alkaline range of its activity, beginning at about pH 8, the enzyme, even in the presence of its substrate, undergoes increasingly rapid destruction.

5. This accounts in all probability for the very rapid fall of activity on the alkaline side of the optimum.

6. The rising limb of the activity curve is not a simple symmetrical S-shaped curve, but has a complex form, closely resembling the titration curves of certain proteins.

7. The possible interpretation to be put upon this observation is briefly discussed.