The fabrication of thin-film transistors based on amorphous silicon has been. Membrane process to create a simple and large-area amorphous silicon city, but does not apply to the display excellent electrical properties is difficult. Accordingly, the next generation of traffic register transparent transistors using oxide thin films and low-temperature grown spotlighted transparent oxide semiconductor prepared using a variety of transparent, flexible transistor applications is transparent, relatively high mobility and the possibility of low-temperature process, based on the characteristics transistor the application is possible. However, the mobility of the oxide thin film is limited. In this study, we will improve the mobility through the overlapping both of Oxide Thin Film and Transferred CVD Graphene[1]. ZnO, In2O3, SnO2 channel layer of a thin-film transistor manufacturing of Oxide-based and is mainly used for materials with better characteristics, and research continues. Transistor active layer InZnO thin films[2] by Spin-Coating Method and CVD Graphene as also active layer by transfer method using PMMA. Al as the electrode material, using a metal mask up manufacturing In this study, 20nm SiO2 layer on the top of the Si substrate to the electric arc furnace was changed by the following was Fabricated device, the electrical characteristics were measured using 4point probe ID-VD using Kethely 4156B transistor performance as measured by ID-VG measurements. References [1] Jinseong Heo, Nano Lett., 13, pp 5967–5971(2013). [2] Toshio Kamiya, Journal of Technology, 5(7), pp 273–288(2009). Figures Electrode 2 Electrode 1 InZnO CVD Graphene Si substrate Gate SiO 2 Au Al Overlap Area


This is a collection of 27 papers presented at a conference on the methods and models used in the study of the health transition. They are organized into sections covering outcome measures including biomedical methods data sources and methods and the measurement of the geographic clustering of disability and disease; microlevel models and methods; aggregate and institutional models including the evaluation of social policy effects on health; the contribution of specific disciplines such as anthropology and epidemiology; and the lessons learned from multimethod approaches. The geographic focus of most of the papers is on developing countries.


Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by impaired metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins. It is pandemic disease. The number of people with diabetes is increasing worldwide. Theoretical part of this diploma thesis is focused on characteristic of diabetes, healing methods which are usually used to cure this disease and education of patient with diabetes mellitus. Purpose of this thesis is to prove which healing method is most often used, find out knowledge of answerers and create education material for patients with this disease.


Samuel Kevan's mixture of spiritual journal, autobiography, and diary offers an intimate view of late Georgian laboring-class domesticity from the perspective of a Scot who migrated to London. While Kevan attempted to pattern his life after radical Presbyterian divines of the Restoration era in daily self-examination, the lack of a congenial religious community left him untethered. This essay attempts to make sense of his hints of an improper relationship with his granddaughter by examining the role that women played in his life. Kevan's writings raise interpretive questions regarding the value of self-writings in determining typical experience and constructing historical models.


Workforce management has become increasingly important for both the public sector and private companies. Workforce optimization encompasses all aspects of managing the complete workforce lifecycle. The goal is to optimize the performance of staff on both financial efficiency and customer satisfaction. This paper presents a successful process to optimize employer and employee satisfaction simultaneously. The slightly improved PEAST algorithm is used to roster nurses in a Finnish Hospital. The results show that it is possible to successfully optimize employer and employee satisfaction simultaneously. The generated schedules are highly acceptable for the hospital's administration. The algorithm has been integrated into the market-leading workforce management software in Finland. The paper also introduces three simple test problems which will help researchers to test the value of their optimization methods. 


Once every 13 or 17 years within eastern North American deciduous forests, billions of periodical cicadas concurrently emerge from the soil and briefly satiate a diverse array of naive consumers, offering a rare opportunity to assess the cascading impacts of an ecosystem-wide resource pulse on a complex food web. We quantified the effects of the 2021 Brood X emergence and report that more than 80 bird species opportunistically switched their foraging to include cicadas, releasing herbivorous insects from predation and essentially doubling both caterpillar densities and accumulated herbivory levels on host oak trees. These short-lived but massive emergence events help us to understand how resource pulses can rewire interaction webs and disrupt energy flows in ecosystems, with potentially long-lasting effects. Description Editor's summary Periodical cicadas emerge en masse every 13 or 17 years, bringing not just a continuous drone of noise but also an influx of food for birds and other predators. Getman-Pickering et al. performed a set of experiments in the years before, after, and during the 2021 Brood X cicada emergence to determine how this addition of resources affected trophic dynamics in an eastern US forest (see the Perspective by Parker). They found that, compared with nonemergence years, cicada emergence led to lower caterpillar predation by birds, higher caterpillar densities, and lower herbivory rates on oak saplings. As birds opportunistically switched to cicada prey, their control over herbivory declined, showing the far-reaching short-term impacts of a resource pulse. —Bianca Lopez A temporary abundance of cicadas reduces caterpillar predation by birds and increases herbivory on saplings in a US forest.


Adsorption on activated carbon is an efficient method for the removal of toxic dyes. However, since commercially available charcoal is quite expensive, activated carbon obtained from agricultural by-products may serve as a good replacement. In this study, activated carbon was prepared from pepper peduncle, an agricultural waste product, by microwave activation. The synthesized carbon was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis techniques. It was then used for the adsorption of methylene blue dye from an aqueous solution, which was studied as a function of the dye concentration, contact time, and temperature. The adsorption data were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics was studied by employing first- and second-order kinetic models, and it was found that the adsorption of methylene blue on the synthesized activated carbon follows a second-order kinetic model. Effect of temperature on the adsorption process was studied, and the thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy, change in enthalpy, entropy, and free energy of adsorption were calculated on the basis of the absolute theory of reaction rate expressions. About 99.5–91.8% of the dye was removed for an initial dye concentration in the range 20–100 mg/g in 1 h. Thus the synthesized activated carbon was found to be very efficient in adsorbing the dye.


The classification of heart diseases depends on the correct identification of S1 and S2 segments. Without the ECG reference signal, segmentation methods become naturally more complicated. In the hospital environment, the heart sounds collected from the patients through the stethoscope carry unrequired environmental sounds such as ambient noise, speech, wheezing, and friction. Besides, depending on the heart condition, noise like murmur is also included in these heart sounds. Discrete Wavelet Transform and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) have been used as a hybrid solution for the filtering of the noise content of basic heart sounds. In order to determine S1-S2 locations, heart rate and systolic time intervals were predicted by using signal autocorrelation. As a result of this proposed algorithm, S1 and S2 sounds were detected with 98.19% precision and 98.52% recall for normal heart sounds, while S1 and S2 were detected with precision of 94.31% and recall of 96.92% for abnormal heart sounds.


In the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam Ibn ʿArabī presents us with several linguistic explanations about the meanings of specific words and expressions (mostly Koranic occurrences). From a contemporary linguistic perspective, many of those explanations would be classified within the category of paretymologies or folk etymologies. In the present contribution we will examine the paretymologies in Ibn ʿArabī's Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam against some aspects of the Islamic linguistic thought, as specifically developed by Ibn ʿArabī, and try to make explicit the epistemological and theoretical framework standing behind those disputable etymologies. In so doing we will attempt to show how, far from simply being the product of popular fantasy or fanciful speculations, Ibn ʿArabī's semantic explanations appear as highly sophisticated hermeneutic practices, grounded in a thorough knowledge of various language-related branches of Islamic science, and consistent with the metaphysical vision of language emerging from the Andalusian master's speculations on the nature of the sacred text and on the linguistic structure of revelation.


In this report we present the result from interviews and
document analyses of current and planned information and
communication techniology projects with police forces from 10
European countries and from interviews with technology vendors
in the field of ICT for policing


The validity of diametral compression as an effective means of determining the tensile strength of spherical ceramic bodies has often been questioned. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the original work, as well as alternative studies that suggest shortcomings of the original method, is made. For comparative purposes, data recently collected via diametral compression on aluminosilicate aggregates is presented in the context of these latter works and compared with the original methodology. Overall, results indicate that the diametral compression test can indeed provide an accurate measure of tensile strength when several important test criteria are met.


Edmund Gettier's famous 1963 paper "Is Justified, True Belief Knowledge?" has had an enormous impact on epistemology. What has not been acknowledged to date is that Argentine author Jorge Luis Borges had the same characterization of justified, true belief (JTB) as something short of knowledge in his 1948 short story "Emma Zunz." And not only did Borges's insight precede Gettier's paper by more than a decade, but "Emma Zunz" also suggests that imaginative writing may be inherently better than philosophical treatises at establishing both the validity and the consequence of counterexamples to the JTB formula for knowledge.


Background. Poverty is a state or condition in which a person or community lacks the capital required to meet their needs. Whereas, social capital has been described as a vital asset for poverty alleviation since it can provide access to that which is lacking; capital. This study suggests evidences that the poor farmers could benefit more from social capital. Objective. This study was conducted to assess the impact of social capital on poverty alleviation among cocoa producing households in Southwestern, Nigeria. Methodology. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 300 cocoa-producing households for the study. Data were analyzed using social capital indices, FGT index, the Probit model and two-stage least square model. Results. The results revealed that cash contribution (0.478), labour contribution (0.556), decision-making (0.882), meeting attendance (0.920), heterogeneity (0.659) and density of membership (0.661) are the major dimensions of social capital available to cocoa-producing households. The results of the Probit model revealed that age of household head, gender, household size, years of experience, farm income, and farm size were the main determining factors of participating in SCNs. The Foster, Greer and Thorbecke index revealed that 65% of the sample households are poor. Out of the poor households, 42% are moderately poor and 23% are core poor. The results further revealed that factors including age, square of age, household size, years of education, farm income, farm size, cash contribution, labour contribution, decision making, meeting attendance, aggregate social capital and instrumented social capital significantly influenced cocoa-producing households' expenditure. Implications. The paper adds evidence for a better understanding of nexus between social capital networks and poverty alleviations. Conclusions. The study concluded that social capital alleviates poverty among cocoa-producing households. This means that policy strategy aimed toward alleviating poverty among cocoa-producing households must consider their social capital.


Water distribution uniformity remains one of the most used criteria for irrigation performance evaluation. In this paper, the effects of emitters' discharges spatial-temporal variations on water supply and salt accumulation underneath trickle irrigated crop were assessed. The survey was performed in a private tomato plot in Kalaat El Andalous district (northern-east of Tunisia). Emitters' discharges spatial variation measurements were made according to Keller and Karmeli method. These measurements were repeated four times throughout irrigation season. Recorded results show that outlets flow rates were significantly lower (-23% to -62%) than their nominal value (4 l/h) for all tested emitters. In fact, emitters' discharges heterogeneity, recorded within four sites, were 3 l/h, 2.5 l/h, 2 l/h and 1.5 l/h. Nevertheless, for the same locus, emitter discharge variation ranged between -3% and +3% during the irrigation season. Consequently, applied water amounts were ranging between -48% to +6% of the needed water volume with an average uniformity coefficient of 71%. Because of such water supply spatial-temporal heterogeneity, salts leaching fractions were ranging between 8% and 69% of the total loaded salts amount whereas accumulated fractions were ranging between 21% and 90%.


An efficient timing synchronization technique for a low complexity FFT based multi-carrier direct sequence spread spectrum IF/baseband transceiver is presented. The timing synchronization control loop consists of a robust acquisition loop and a tracking loop that eliminates the timing phase offset caused by the transmission delay, sampling error, and channel noise. The acquisition loop reduces the probability of false lock by continuous threshold checking and adjusting process. Both the acquisition and the tracking loop incorporate a simple feedback mechanism for a practical VLSI transceiver implementation. The effect of the sampling offset on the performance of the timing acquisition is discussed. The highest operating speed of the receiver is the Nyquist sampling rate, but the entire synchronization is performed using the low speed baseband signals. The performance of the synchronization under an additive white Gaussian noise channel is assumed.


Among all segments of cultural tourism in Spain, one of the newest and with great potential for growth is shopping tourism. The International Tourism Trade Fair (FITUR) 2015, for the first time created a new section "FITUR SHOPPING", indicating that model of tourism for the new trend of the future tourism industry. Today around the world, including Spain is trying to attract attention and is implementing a plan according to the Tourism Institute of Spain (Tourspain) to analyze and get more shopping tourists from emerging markets. In this case, Chinese tourists remain the world's most valuable shoppers and with their particularity shopping habit. Therefore, this Asian market could be an important destination for cultural tourism studies for major Spanish cities and perform to achieve the rapidly increasing market of shopping tourism.


The pig gene corresponding to a mouse protein known to cause susceptibility to infection by several different bacteria (NRAMP1) was cloned and the entire protein coding region sequenced. The pig protein encoded within this gene is highly similar to the mouse and human NRAMP1. A preliminary expression profile of pig NRAMP1 indicates it is expressed in spleen, a rich source of immune cells, and may be expressed in other tissues at low levels. Taken together, these data strongly indicate that the newly cloned gene has a similar physiological function in pigs to that seen for mouse NRAMP1. With this new information, the association of NRAMP1 to Salmonella infection in pigs can be tested.


The urinary tree flow in 180 healthy schoolchildren aged 7‐16 years was examined with a new kind of uroflowmeter. The examinations were performed at ordinary school toilets and each child presented at least two registrations. Besides the shape of the flow curve, the urinary flow was evaluated by the parameters voided volume, maximum flow rate, average flow rate. How at 1 second and at 0.5 seconds, time to maximum How. and voiding time. All parameters were related to sex. age. and body parameters.


Abstract Three-dimensional structures of temperature focused on Dome Fuji and east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, simulated in a three-dimensional shallow ice model, are reported. With a geothermal heat flux of 54.6 mWm–2, as used in several modelling studies of the Antarctic ice sheet, and an enhancement factor of 1.3, which is smaller than in previous studies, the model result taking into account the glacial cycles is in good agreement with the borehole temperature and surface topography at Dome Fuji. The basal temperature at Dome Fuji must be at or very close to the pressure-melting point. The simulated amplitude of basal temperature through glacial/interglacial cycles is <1 K.


In this work we critically compare electrochemical stability and specific capacitance of the three-dimensional (3D) polypyrrole membrane and the dense polypyrrole film fabricated at the same conditions. Herein, we concern about study the influence of the electrode morphology on the kinetics of diffusion process by analyzing voltammetry, coulometry and impedance response. This allows us to calculate well-sustained values of the diffusion coefficient, specific capacitance and diffusion resistance, which summarize equilibrium parameters. The ultra-thin walls, uniform porosity and well-ordered structure called "inverse opal" ensure an efficient mass transport and fast charge exchange of the porous polypyrrole resulting in superior electrochemical performance. The calculated diffusion coefficient of anion doping process in 3D polypyrrole is more than two orders of magnitude higher comparing to the control sample. The improved electrochemical stability at high anodic potential is correlated with unique porous and dynamic structure of the polymer that is capable of handling volumetric changes upon electrode polarization. An effective diffusion length for the porous PPy remains unchanged during degradation process (overoxidation) and is significantly smaller in comparison to the dense polymer film, indicating that the degradation process for the porous system is somewhat hindered. This work provides an important insight for fast and scalable synthesis of 3D polymer electrode with improved electrochemical activity and stability for the future energy storage applications.


In the Protagoras Socrates presents model of knowledge as the measuring art – metretike techne. It allows us to choose correctly between pleasure and pain, identified with good and evil. This paper contains two arguments against the thesis that measuring knowledge plays in the Protagoras role of a true ethical proposal. The first argument refers to sophists' enthusiasm for measuring knowledge. The second one refers to the distinction between "measuring knowledge" and ethical knowledge in general, present in the dialogue.


Collective human behavior drives a wide range of phenomena in the modern world, from spikes in mobile phone usage and online traffic to fluctuating demands on transportation and emergency response infrastructure. However, while the correlated activity of one or two individuals is partially understood, it remains unclear if and how these simple low-order correlations give rise to the complex large-scale patterns characteristic of human experience. Here we show that networks of email and private message correspondence exhibit surges of collective activity, which cannot be explained by assuming that humans act independently. Intuitively, this collective behavior could arise from complicated correlations between large groups of users, or from shared daily and weekly rhythms. Instead, we find that the network activity is quantitatively and robustly described by a maximum entropy model that depends only on simple pairwise correlations. Remarkably, we find that the functional interactions in the model, which are learned exclusively from the timing of people's actions, are closely related to the ground-truth topology of correspondence in the population. Together, these results suggest that large-scale patterns of activity emerge organically from pairwise correlations, which, in turn, are largely driven by direct inter-human communication.


We develop two indicators of the intergenerational transmission of employers with the intention of measuring the role of parental networks and investments of firm specific human capital in determining whether sons are employed at the same firm as their fathers. Using a large administrative data base on a cohort of young Canadian men we find that about 40% have at some point been employed with an employer for whom their father also worked, and that about six percent have as their main employer in adulthood the same main employer their fathers had 15 to 20 years earlier. Linear probability models are estimated to examine the determinants of the intergenerational transmission of employers as motivated by theory. We find that the intergenerational transmission of employers follows patterns over the life-cycle and the father's earnings distribution that are predicted by job search and human capital theories.


A digitally controlled phase-locked loop (DCPLL) is described. The DCPLL has basically the same structure as a conventional analog PLL except for a tracking analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The tracking ADC generates the control signal for voltage controlled oscillator. Since the DCPLL employs neither digitally controlled oscillator nor time-to-digital converter - the key building blocks of digital PLL (DPLL), there is no need for the trade-off between jitter, power consumption and silicon area. The DCPLL was implemented in a 0.18mum CMOS process and the active area is 0.35 mm2. The DCPLL consumes 59mW during the normal operation and 984muW during the power-down mode from a 1.8V supply. The DCPLL shows 16.8ps rms jitter


To increase gold recovery in sulphur-bearing gold concentrates and fully utilize valuable elements in the ores at Zhongyuan Gold Smeltery in Henan Province,the roasting slag was firstly leached with sulphuric acid and the leaching rate of iron reached above 95%.Then gold was leached by cyanidation with roasting slag and the leaching rate of gold reached above 98%.Iron oxide red was produced with iron leaching solution,with product quality up to national standard.


A new dynamic test mechanism has been developed in the unsteady low-speed wind tunnel at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics to enhance the abilities of experiments in the unsteady flow cases. The structure of the new test mechanism is described in detail in this paper and the equations used to control the performance of test model's motions are also listed here. Then a wing-body model was tested in the new test system for the first time, including the forced oscillation tests and free-to-roll test at high angle of attack region. The test results are also discussed.


This study analyzes the effectiveness of smart classroom teaching on the achievement in chemistry of secondary school students. . The study investigated 320 Class IX students from Amritsar city. Achievement test in Chemistry of 50 items was used to collect the data. Experimental group was taught in smart classrooms and control group was taught by conventional mode of instruction. The results revealed that students achieved higher when taught in smart classes as compared to conventional mode of instruction. Learning styles of students did not affect their achievement in experimental and control group. No interaction effect of instructional strategies and learning style was found.


Articles Abortion in Jewish Religious Law: Neighborly Love, Imago Dei, and a Hypothesis on the Medieval Blood Libel, Y. Michael Barilan Problematic Mixings: Foods and other Prohibited Substances in Rabbinic Legislation, David Kraemer On the Redaction of the Talmudic Sugyah "Zeh neheneh ve-zeh lo haser" (BQ 20a-21a), Avinoam Cohen Rabbi Dosa and the Rabbis Differ: Messiah ben Joseph in the Babylonian Talmud, David C. Mitchell Planting Christian Trees in Jewish Soil, Herbert W. Basser Paul and Gamaliel, Bruce Chilton and Jacob Neusner The Poet and the Tower-Builders: A Translation and Analysis of Yannai's Piyyut for Genesis 11, Laura Lieber Reflections on the Study of Women Status and Identity in the Religious Zionist Movement, Dov Schwartz and Judith Tydor Baumel Judaisms in Modern Times: Toward a General Theory, Jacob Neusner Symposium, George W.E. Nickelsburg in Perspective Of Enoch, Nickelsburg, and Other Scribes of Righteousness, Richard A. Horsley Perspectives on George W.E. Nickelsburg in Perspective, Benjamin Wright A Scribe of All Signs of Wisdom: Reflections on George W.E. Nickelsburg in Perspective, Matthias Henze Review Essays John S. Lucas, Astrology and Numerology in Medieval and Early Modern Catalonia, Meir Bar-Ilan Alexander Samely, Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture in the Mishnah, Mayer I. Gruber The Oeuvre of Jonathan Z. Smith, Jacob Neusner Book Reviews Mark B. Shapiro, The Limits of Orthodox Theology: Maimonides' Thirteen Principles Reappraised, Dov Schwartz Maren Niehoff, Philo on Jewish Identity and Culture, Jacob Neusner Jonathan D. Sarna, American Judaism. A History, Jacob Neusner Joel M. Hoffman, In the Beginning. A Short History of the Hebrew Language, Jacob Neusner David Ellenson, After Emancipation. Jewish Religious Responses to Modernity, Jacob Neusner


The development of novel Bis-GMA derivatives incorporated as base monomers in resin-based composites (RBCs) may offer a potential reduction in polymerization stresses generated in the tooth/restoration complex compared with conventional Bis-GMA. The hypothesis of the current study was that RBCs based on either a urethane derivative of Bis-GMA (Bis-GMA1) or a Bis-GMA superior oligomer (Bis-GMA2) would produce less cuspal deformation and less cervical enamel microleakage than RBCs based on a conventional Bis-GMA. Standardized MOD cavities were prepared in extracted upper premolars (n = 9) and restored with each of the three experimental RBCs. The cuspal deformation of premolars was recorded during and post-irradiation using direct current differential transformer (DCDT) displacement transducers, and data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests at a p < 0.05 level of significance. The polymerization process of the three RBCs determined cuspal extension during exposure to irradiation, followed by cuspal deflection when the light source was turned off. Both composites containing Bis-GMA derivative monomers were determined to result in significantly reduced cuspal extension compared to the composite based on Bis-GMA. Only the composite based on Bis-GMA2 monomer generated a significantly reduced cuspal deflection compared to the composite based on Bis-GMA. No dye penetration was detected at the cervical enamel margin of any restoration.


1 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea 2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea 3 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea 4 Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea


Abstract Data collected from 736 fourth, fifth, and sixth grade children using Martens SCAT-C yielded moderately high values of split half reliability. Internal consistency coefficients were relatively high (.81 to .85) and similar to the values reported in the Martens test manual when calculated using the appropriate test, eliminating use of the KR-20. The SCAT-C was also found to be generalizable to fourth grade populations even though originally its use was not intended with this age group.


The US Oakland (ZOA) Oceanic Air Route Traffic Command Center (ARTCC) has been providing Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLQ service to Future Aviation Navigation System (FANS)-1/A aircraft since 1999. Currently, about 28% of the Oakland oceanic flights are FANS-1/A capable and 98% of these flights use CPDLC to communicate with controllers. The rest of the oceanic flights continue to communicate with controllers via a third-party radio operator (RO) using high frequency (HF) voice. Prior to implementation, FANS-1/A CPDLC was expected to provide a number of benefits to the oceanic flights, including reduced communications time and improved air traffic control (ATC) services. The fixed format CPDLC messages allow the ground ATC decision support tools to evaluate most flight plan change requests for conflicts automatically, and it was anticipated that this would enable controllers to respond to flight plan change requests more quickly. This paper compares the ATC service quality provided to FANS-1/A and HF flights and examines particular operational areas to see if benefits have been achieved and to what level.


Analysis of the relation between maintaining characteristics of a strain and the changed factors is a significant topic in agriculture. We investigated the light colour eggs of silkworm race "Xiafang", the result indicates that tannish brown egg in whole batch and mixed with little green eggs within batch are the two main types of light colour eggs. It is caused by the difference of pigment of serous membrane in the eggs. Laminar analysis the pigment of eggs in typical batch of the light colour eggs and dark colour eggs batch showed that eggs of the latter are shortage of deep yellow pigments of the dark colour eggs. The development progress of the larval in the light colour batch is shorter than the dark one, but the body weight and health of the larvals is no obviously difference between them. Cocooning of parent silkworm and cocoon quality of light colour batch is no obviously difference compared with dark colour eggs too. The Amount of Egg Laying of the female moth in light colour batch is more than that of the dark one obviously, but the quality of silkworm eggs, such as fertility rate, rate of good eggs and hatchability of hibernating egg are lower than the latter, meanwhile, The uniform degree of embryonic development of light colour eggs is also lower than that of dark one slightly. Therefore, it is consider that light colour eggs don't influence the rearing performance obversily, but is may be made a certain effect on propagation coefficient. In addition, investigating egg color of silkworm rearing with mulberry leaves daubed bleaching liquid and the control indicated brown egg has no necessary relation with mulberry leaves daubed bleaching liquid, but mulberry leaves daubed bleaching liquid seems to increase egg color discrepancy.


The physico-chemical properties of akaganeite are known to be modified when formed in the presence of ions, but there are no reports on these effects for arsenic, antimony and mercury.


The study focuses on the traditional concept of the inferno and its influence on Taiwanese folksongs. At first, we states the important representative of the infernal concept by three parts. They include the deity of Taizen, the buddhistic hell and the ten kings in Hell. After that, we analyze the three types of the infernal representation in Taiwanese folksongs including the following the traditional concept, the folksong singers' creating, the adaption from the popular novels.


The subjects of the two texts analysed in this article are two highly significant recent historical events: the death of Lady Diana in a car crash after being chased by paparazzi on 31 August 1997 and the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City on 11 September 2001, which are addressed by the Italian writer Beppe Sebaste and the French writer Frédéric Beigbeder, respectively. An analysis of each text shows that they not only examine the events in question through reportage, but they are also strongly personal and subjective. Both texts also put forward literary writers to help 'read' extensively mediated events, provoking reflection on how news travels and is mediated in increasingly immediate ways in today's world, while also harking back to New Journalism. They could be called 'unidentified narrative objects', a label I borrow from the Italian writer Roberto Bui, alias Wu Ming 1, who has applied it to a corpus of recent Italian texts (including that of Sebaste), that combine modes of writing – such as journalism, history, detective fiction and life-writing – often blurring the boundaries between fiction and nonfiction, in order to more effectively draw their readers' attention to the national and global issues they address. Here, I extend the term unidentified narrative objects beyond Italy's borders to the work of Beigbeder and others, suggesting that such hybridity is connected to how we process the world around us today and a new iteration of literary journalism.


A new injector superconducting RF (SRF) cryounit with one new 2-cell, E=0.6 cavity plus one refurbished 7- cell, E=0.97, C100 style cavity has been re-designed and optimized for the engineering compatibility of existing module for CEBAF operation. The optimization of 2-cell cavity shape for longitudinal beam dynamics of acceleration from 200 keV to 533 keV and the minimization of transverse kick due to the waveguide couplers to less than 1 mrad have been considered. Operating at 1497 MHz, two cavities have been designed into the same footprint of the CEBAF original quarter cryomodule to deliver an injection beam energy of 5 MeV with less than 0.27 o rms bunch length and a maximum energy spread of 5 keV. SPECIFICATION AND LAYOUT The new SRF booster section of the CEBFA injector after the bunching and capture sections has been designed and built recently until the cavity qualifications. This cryounit used to be two 5-cell cavities built within a quarter CEBAF cryomodule. In order to overcome the difficulties during the beam tuning up operation for the CEBAF injection particularly for the new 12 GeV machine, this new unit contains a low beta cavity which can handle the low energy electron beam (~200 keV) well both in bunching and acceleration processes without blowing emittance up. After electrons reaching nearly relativistic (E|0.9), acceleration can be taken by new C100 style cavity in high gradient and later E=1 cryomodule. The beam dynamic analysis has been done by using the scheme of Figure 1, i.e. a 2-cell, low E cavity plus a 7-cell, E=0.97 cavity. The RF design including the fundamental power coupler (FPC), HOM damping and frequency tuning has been considered for the engineering compatibility of existing quarter cryomodule and also the beam dynamic requirement. Table 1 lists the design specification derived from the beam dynamic analysis and beam user requirement. The minimization of transverse RF kick induced by the FPCs without a skew quadruple effect (x-y coupling) on the beam trajectory is critical for the cavity design. The cavity electric field was specified in the peak value in the middle of cavity cell on beam axis. Conversion of these values into the cavity gradients Eacc including transit time factor (TTF) or beam voltages Vc can be seen in Table 1. The RF structure has been Figure 1: Top view of new injector cryounit, electrons beam runs from the left of 2-cell to the right of 7-cell.


The purpose of this paper is to assess the feasibility of predicting customer churn using eye-tracking data. The eye- movements of 175 respondents were tracked when they were looking at advertisements of three mobile operators. These data are combined with data that indicate whether or not a customer has churned in the one year period following the collection of the eye tracking data. For the analysis we used Random Forest and leave-one-out cross validation. In addition, at each fold we used variable selection for Random Forest. An AUC of 0.598 was obtained. On the eve of the commoditization of eye-tracking hardware this is an especially valuable insight. The findings denote that the upcoming integration of eye-tracking in cell phones can create a viable data source for predictive Customer Relationship Management. The contribution of this paper is that it is the first to use eye-tracking data in a predictive customer intelligence context.


Under a high pressure of the fuel gases also, the secondary, and more precisely the pressure regulator can be a target pressure, and also provides a gas pressure regulating valve capable of preventing leakage of fuel gas into the atmosphere. Electromagnetic pressure regulating valve (1), is capable of pressure regulating valve body (14) provided, and the secondary pressure (p Valve means (14) is supported by a sliding bearing member 18, are the two sides of the bearing member 18 is closed by the diaphragm seal 19 and the low pressure sealing member 20. Diaphragm seal 19, by the secondary hydraulic pressure (p A buffer chamber that is connected to the valve body 14. The sealing rod (29) a primary port (12a) times the pressure chamber 30 is formed in the housing 12 is provided with a second port (12c) connected to the by insertion into ( 35) it is formed. Between the buffer chamber 35 and fold the pressure chamber 30 has been closed by a high pressure seal member (32).


Dinuclear rhodium(I) η 2 :η 2 -cycloocta-1,5-diene (series a ) and η 2 :η 2 -norborna-2,5-diene (series b ) complexes with μ-RCOO - ligands, where R is linear C 21 H 43 (complexes 1a , 1b ), CH 2 CMe 3 ( 2a , 2b ), 1-adamantyl ( 3a , 3b ) and benzyl ( 4a , 4b ), have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Structures of complexes 2b , 3a and 4a were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes prepared show low to moderate catalytic activity in polymerization of phenylacetylene in THF giving high- cis-transoid polymers, but they show only oligomerization activity in dichloromethane.


It was shown that the dependence of maximal productivity of binary rectification column on heat consumption taking into account the irreversibility of heat and mass transfer can be charaterized with two generalized parameters. The system of automatic supporting of column regime corresponding to its maximum productivety was proposed.


We investigated the molecular phylogeny and genetic differences among local populations of Korean Hemiculter fishes based on their mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. Our results indicated that Hemiculter leucisculus populations in China were clearly divided into two groups. The first group (Group 1) included the populations of the Yangtze River and its surrounding areas (including the Qiantangjiang, Lingjiang, Jiulongjiang, and Minjiang rivers); the second group (Group 2) contained local populations from southern China (including the Nanliujiang, Zhujiang, Wanquanhe, Qianjiang, and Nandujiang rivers). The Korean Hemiculter eigenmanni differed in its cytochrome b gene sequence by 0.6-1.0% from the Chinese H. leucisculus (Group 1), which inhabited the Yangtze River and its surrounding areas, suggesting they were phylogenetically close and likely to be the same species. The Korean H. leucisculus differed from the Chinese H. leucisculus (both Groups 1 and 2) by 8.1-9.5%, indicating a very distant phylogenetic relationship; however, the Korean H. leucisculus differed from Hemiculter bleekeri by only 0.5-0.7%, showing intraspecific nucleotide differences. We conclude that the taxonomic relationship between the Korean H. leucisculus and H. bleekeri requires further investigation using type specimens.


Efficient and durable electrochemical energy conversion solid oxide cell systems can be achieved only by a proper integration technology with a suitable joining and coating materials choice and processing. A crucial aspect in solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) devices is given by the design of stable and reliable glass sealants and ceramic coatings, which must be used to join and coat dissimilar materials. In SOEC planar configuration, the repeating units are combined together with the help of metallic interconnect. Sealants are also necessary in order to avoid the mixing and leakage of gases at both electrodes of cell. Glass-ceramic based sealants are the best choice thanks to the possibility of tuning their properties by adjusting their composition. For SOEC interconnects, the high Cr steels are most commonly used due to their remarkable properties in terms of high electrical conductivity and low cost. However, the Cr diffusion and evaporation from the interconnect cause poisoning of the other cell components. This PhD research has been focused on two topics; i.e. synthesis of novel glass-ceramic based sealants and deposition of protective coatings on steel interconnect to avoid Cr diffusion. In this context different novel glass-ceramic sealants were designed and characterized to work in the real SOEC conditions and at the working temperature of 850 °C. The glass-ceramic sealants have been divided in to three series, depending either on the type of used modifiers or their respective concentration. The first and second series have SrO as main modifier, while the third series contains BaO. The crystallization and sintering behavior of glasses were analyzed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and heating stage microscopy (HSM). The coefficient of thermal expansions (CTE) of as-casted glasses and respective glass-ceramics were measured by dilatometer. The compatibility of different glass-ceramics with the bare Crofer22APU interconnect and 3YSZ electrolyte was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) after joining and thermal ageing (1000 hours, 850 °C). XRD analyses were carried out to investigate the crystalline phases in the as-joined and thermally aged glass-ceramics (1000 hours, 850 °C). The mechanical characterization of the glass-ceramics sandwiched between two Crofer22APU plates, was carried out at room temperature and 850°C. The electrical resistivity of the Crofer22APU/glass-ceramic/Crofer22APU joined samples was measured for 1000-3000 hours at 850 °C under the applied voltage of 1.7 V. In addition to static air, the electrical resistivity was also measured in dual atmosphere (simultaneously applied reducing and oxidizing) to simulate the working conditions of an SOEC. The SEM-EDS post mortem analyses were carried out to investigate the compatibility and any possible chemical interaction between glass-ceramics and the Crofer22APU. In order to deposit the glass at industrial scale, a new glass paste was formulated and deposited on the real dimensioned (16 cm x 18cm) Crofer22APU interconnects by a stencil printing technique. Mn1.5Co1.5O4 (MCO) spinel coating was deposited on the bare Crofer22APU substrate by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The EDP process was also scaled up to coat the real dimensioned Crofer22APU plates. The morphology, uniformity and thickness of the as-deposited coatings on the flat and corrugated Crofer22APU substrates were analyzed by SEM. The area specific resistance (ASR) of MCO coated Crofer22APU was measured for 8600 hours at 850 °C, followed by the SEM-EDS post mortem analyses. CuO was also co-deposited with MCO by EPD process in order to investigate the properties of Cu-doped MCO. The morphology of the CuO doped MCO coating was studied by SEM and XRD after different sintering treatments. The effect of different concentrations of CuO doping on the densification, ASR and corrosion rate of MCO was also investigated for 2000 hours. Besides conventional sintering, flash sintering technique was also carried out to understand its effects on the densification of coatings. This study shows that a suitable SrO/SiO2 and BaO/SiO2 ratio is very important to obtain the desired high CTE crystalline phases in SrO and BaO glass-ceramics respectively. Besides SrO/SiO2 and BaO/SiO2, a right balance of all constituents of a glass system, is also requited in order to avoid the formation of detrimental phases, such as Ba or Sr chromates. With a proper SrO/SiO2 and BaO/SiO2, the high CTE crystalline phases were formed in the 2 and 3 series glasses respectively. The newly designed glass-ceramic sealants showed excellent properties in terms of their sintering ability and thermo-mechanical compatibility. The coefficient of thermal expansions (CTEs) of the as-joined and thermally aged glass-ceramics were closely matching with CTEs of other cell components. The long term testing showed that the Crofer22APU/glassceramic/Crofer22APU joined samples based on all glass systems, showed electrical resistivity higher than 10 Ω.cm, thus suitable for the SOEC applications to ensure electrical insulation. No evidence was found about the corrosion or chemical interaction between the glass-ceramic sealants and Crofer22APU interconnects after the long term electrical resistivity test in dual atmosphere at 850 °C. Owing to these properties, these glass systems were found to be quite promising to be used as sealants in the SOEC conditions. The newly formulated glass paste also showed good rheological properties that make it suitable to deposit by stencil printing. However, some further modifications in the recipe of glass paste would be required for further optimization. The EPD deposited Mn1.5Co1.5O4 (MCO) spinel coating are quite uniform on the flat and corrugated Crofer22APU surfaces. The MCO coating has a thickness of ~ 10-15 μm after sintering. After suitable sintering treatment, MCO spinel showed low ASR (15-25 mΩ.cm) up to 5000 hours at 850 °C. The Cu doping was found to improve the sintering of the MCO spinel, however no significant effect of Cu doping on the ASR of MCO was noticeable. Moreover, the flash sintering was found to be a suitable technique to improve the densification of the coatings without formation of Cr oxide scale. No crack or delamination at the Crofer22APU/coating interface was observed as a result of the rapid heating/cooling carried out during the flash sintering. The experiments reported in this PhD thesis were carried out in the framework of CoACH and GrInHy projects and under the co-supervision of Dr. Christian Walter (Sunfire GmbH, Dresden, Germany).


By meeting environmental conditions favorable genus Penicillium fungi can colonize different art media with organic or inorganic, which makes no proper treatment they undergo a series of aesthetic and structural damage. To identify an effective method to eradicate fungal hyphae have grown vegetative spp Penicilium a basal medium (MB) obtained in 1000 ml distilled water and 30 g sucrose, solidified with 7 g of agar agar. To determine their evolution under the influence of different amounts of borax I added the following experimental getting MB: M-MB control (control), devoid of borax, V1-MB supplemented with 0.05 mg / l borax, V2-MB supplemented with 0.10 mg / l borax, V3MB supplemented with 0.15 mg / l borax and V4-MB supplemented with 0.20 mg / l borax, V5-MB supplemented with 0.25 mg / l borax. After 15 days of insemination we found that the presence in the culture medium to a concentration of 0.25 mg / l borax inhibited the utmost growth and development of Penicilium spp micelle surface coverage of the culture medium was reduced by 79%, compared to controls, but the amount of borax added was not sufficient to eradicate the fungus attack.


The feasibility of differentiating three Rabi crops viz., wheat, potato and sunflower, based on their spectral reflectance in the red and infrared region was studied in the crop season of the year 1998–99. The spectral indices like Simple Difference Index (SDI), Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI) were computed from spectral reflectance measurements to identify the most sensitive vegetation index as an indicator of growth of these crops. The results indicate that: Crop canopy on an average reflects about 10 per cent of red radiation and 70 per cent of infrared radiations and thus red and infrared are the two most important regions which provide valuable information about the vigour status of the crop canopy; PVI is the most sensitive index followed by RVI and NDVI for differentiation of crops under consideration.


Assessments have quantified the burden of air pollution at the national scale in China; air quality managers would benefit from assessments that disaggregate health impacts over regions and time. The air quality in Hangzhou City, which is one of the central cities of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, was not in great condition. We used the monitoring sites data and MODIS remote-sensing Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) for the inversion of the PM2.5 concentration map for all four seasons in 2015. Next, we combined the land use data, population density data, and school data (kindergarten, primary school, and middle school) to analyze their correlation; we found that the seasonal variation characteristics of PM2.5 concentration distribution was winter > spring > autumn > summer. For the different land use type in winter and spring, 59.86% and 56.62% land area showed the PM2.5 >50μg/m , respectively. In autumn, 54.38% of the land area exposure was PM2.5 35~50μg/m. In summer, the PM2.5 concentration was lowest, at 70.01%, and the land surface area showed PM2.5 <35μg/m . Increasing the forest landscape performs the function of absorbing and filtering the particulate air pollution, resulting in high PM2.5 concentration at this landscape. It was also discovered that only 9.06% of the population lived in an environment that met the national air quality standards. Specifically, only 1.66% (14,055) of infants and juveniles were living in PM2.5 <35μg/m . Considering the lag health effects of long-term PM2.5 exposure, it is necessary to track these infants' and juveniles' health conditions from now until they enter into adulthood. This should enable us to more effectively eliminate the PM2.5 that is harmful to our health. We firmly believe that not only in Hangzhou, but also spanning all of China, many infants and juveniles live in a severely polluted environment in which we need to pay close attention, as their future health is directly relative to the future prosperity of the country as a whole.


A connection between the theory of formal groups and arithmetic number theory is established. In particular, it is shown how to construct general Almkvist–Meurman–type congruences for the universal Bernoulli polynomials that are related with the Lazard universal formal group [31]-[33]. Their role in the theory of L–genera for multiplicative sequences is illustrated. As an application, sequences of integer numbers are constructed. New congruences are also obtained, useful to compute special values of a new class of Riemann–Hurwitz–type zeta functions.


Greenhouse studies on soybean–barnyard grass (BG) interaction showed that soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr. Vansoy) had a strong suppressing effect on plant height, and dry matter productivity, of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.). The least increase in the dry matter of BG occurred when they were planted with 6- to 10-wk-old soybean plants. There was a three- to fourfold increase in the total productivity of BG during the last 5 wk (11–15 wk) of its competition with soybeans. Barnyard grass plants growing with soybeans did not produce any caryopses when they were planted with 3-, 4-, and 5-wk-old soybeans in comparison to soybean-free control.


When they are collinear, projective spaces set with five pairs of biuni-vocally associated points are general. In order to map quadrics (II degree surfaces), in these spaces, the absolute conic was used. Geometrical position of all the absolute points in the infinitely distant plane of one space, i.e. an absolute conic of space cannot be graphically represented. To the infinitely distant planes are associated by the vanishing planes, and the absolute conics are associated by the conic in the vanishing planes, that is, figures of the absolute conics. Prior to mapping the quadrics, it is necessary to constructively determine the characteristics parameters such as the vanishing planes, axes and centers of space, and then the figures of the absolute conics, in the vanishing planes of both spaces. In order to constructively determine the figure of the absolute conic in the second space, a sphere in the first space was used, which maps into a rotating ellipsoid in the second space. The center of the sphere is on the axis of the first space, and the infinitely distant plane intersects it along the absolute conic. The associated rotational ellipsoid, whose center is on the axis of the seconds space is intersected by the vanishing plane of the first space along the imaginary circumference aI, whose real representative is circumference az. The circumference aI is the figure of the absolute conic of the first space. General collinear spaces are presented in a pair of Monge's projections.


The paper deals with two types of the compensating for asymmetry between language systems and conceptual pictures of the world in polylingual and polycultural interaction situation. One of them is the adoption of the Turkic words by the regional variant of the Russian language in Bashkortostan. The another type is the blending of the Russian and Bashkir languages in a bilingual and polylingual speakers's speech. It's shown that the mass adoptions lead to leveling of the language variety.


Mimicry systems can be classified by the nature of fitness benefits obtained by the mimic, namely increased mating opportunities (reproductive), increased foraging potential (aggressive), or reduced predation risk (protective). However, there is increasing evidence that mimicry categories are not mutually exclusive and mimics can obtain benefits from more than 1 category. Here, I provide evidence that an aggressive mimic, the bluestriped fangblenny Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos, also benefits from reduced predation risk by resembling the juvenile cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus, which are thought to be relatively immune from predation due to the mutualistic nature of cleaner–client interactions. Instead of removing ectoparasites from larger reef fish, bluestriped fangblennies approach and attack reef fish removing scales and dermal tissue. Fangblennies can switch between their mimic and nonmimic coloration within 5–10min, depending on whether their model (the cleaner wrasse) is present or absent. I found that mimic fangblennies increased their risk-taking behavior toward potential predators compared with nonmimic fangblennies. Mimics were also more likely to attack other reef fish in the presence of predators compared with nonmimics. Animals should only increase risk-taking behavior when they perceive the threat of predation to be low. Therefore, this study provides important evidence that cleaner coloration provides protection from predation to both cleaner fish and their mimics, and the benefits of aggressive mimicry of cleaner wrasse have to be reevaluated in the light of these data.


REPORT OF A CASE A 61-year-old woman presented for evaluation of erythematous papules in the axillae. She stated that the lesions appeared during puberty, with no increase in number. Their size grew to some extent. The lesions were symptomless. Her family history was unremarkable, and her medical history showed only moderate hypercholesterolemia. She denied use of topical products, allergies, and depilatory maneuvers at the time of presentation. She never received treatment for these lesions. Physical examination disclosed multiple, well-demarcated, round-to-oval papules on both axillary vaults. These were 1- to 5-mm, reddish brown, nontender, and fleshy ( Figures 1 and 2 ). The papules coalesced in the center of the vault, and alopecia was visible. Xanthelasmas were present in the inner canthus of both eyes. No lesions were found in any other folds. The genital area was also spared. A punch biopsy specimen was obtained from a lesion in her right axilla ( Figure 3 ). What is your diagnosis?


Rail vehicle interior noise influences passengers ride comfort directly. The classification and causes of rail vehicle interior noise were summarized. And, the corresponding control measures were put forward.


Pneumothorax as a sequela of vaping is a relatively recent complication being described in the literature. Smoking has classically been associated with an increased risk of pneumothorax, and emerging evidence is showing that electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) likely carry some of the same risks. Since e‐cigarettes increased in popularity, especially among the adolescent population, there has been a reported increased incidence of lung injury, including pneumothorax. We present a case of a 15‐year‐old female with a history of e‐cigarette use admitted for recurrent pneumothorax with failure to re‐expand requiring surgical intervention.


This study focuses on the availability or otherwise of specific training programmes for adolescents and adult children of alcoholics in the East Cost Health Board Area.

A literature review was conducted to ascertain the impact of family alcoholism on children growing up in an alcoholic environment. Three research methodologies are used in the course of this study: Action research, Participatory Research and Feminist Research. An open-discussion format and prompt questions were used when interviewing the three study participants, who were all drawn from the Sandyford Adolescent and Adult Children of Alcoholics Group.

The findings of this study would indicate that, in the East Coast Health Board Area, there are no specific training programmes in place for adolescent and adult children of alcoholics. All three participants agreed that there was a need for such programmes to help them resolve outstanding personal issues. These programmes would need to be implemented at a community level, as there is a wide agreement between statutory bodies and voluntary organisations that the community is the most suitable arena for the educational needs of those affected by alcoholism.

This study concludes that various community figures need to be involved in the promotion of such information. These include adult educators, teachers, doctors, community workers and voluntary groups. Target areas such as schools, colleges, community resource centres, doctors' surgeries and the media need to be involved at an early stage of any intervention programme if it is to be successful.


In this experiment, in connection with the cavitation microjet, the behavior of a model microjet, produced by a water capsule, is photographed by a high-speed camera and its impact pressure is measured by a piezo-type pressure transducer. When the model microjet, whose diameter is 1.3 to 1.7 mm and impact velocity is 85 to 115 m/s, impacts directly against the solid wall, an impact pressure of 10 to 15 MPa is measured. The impact pressure, however, decreases very much, when a water layer exists on the solid wall and its thickness is greater than 1.5 mm. The measured time of the maximum impact pressure, detected on the solid wall, coinsides with our previous experimental results, obtained by the photoelastic method. Moreover it is shown that most of the test pieces of pure aluminum are damaged by the model microjet, whose diameter is 1.3 to 1.7 mm and velocity is 85 to 120 m/s, and that the damage pattern is clearly influenced by the shape of the microjet front.


Quince is the rich source of metabolites with interesting biological properties. In vitro antioxidant capability of methanolic extract of the different fractions of quince (peel, pulp seeds and mucilage) was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, Total phenolics, Reducing power, FRAP value and H2O2 scavenging activities. The results obtained for DPPH (43.20%-69.40%), TPC (41.23 mg GAE/100 g-97.51 mg GAE/100 g) RP (31.90%-74.40%) FRAP (0.63 µM-1.16 µM) and H2O2 activity (14.2%-34.2%) revealed a significant difference in antioxidant properties among fractions. The results indicate that peel and seeds which otherwise are wasted, are effective in scavenging free radicals and can serve as potential antioxidants.


ABSTRACTA very high contrast storage effect has been electrically induced in a series of smectic side chain polysiloxanes. This effect is stable over a wide range of temperatures above Tg. The contrast is provided by an optically transparent field aligned texture and a non-aligned scattering texture. The effect is erased by heating the sample above its clearing point and a comparison has been made with a monomeric smectic.


The invention provides an embedded junction box opening plastering device which comprises a hollow column, a plurality of movable plates, a plurality of retaining sheets and a spring mechanism. The upper half portion of the hollow column is provided with a plurality of windows, the lower half portion of the hollow column is provided with a plurality of containing grooves, and each containing groove is used for containing threaded-hole posts in an embedded junction box; the movable plates are mounted in the windows of the hollow column through hinges respectively, and each movable plate is capable of rotating around one own side; the retaining sheets are mounted at the edges of the movable plates respectively to prevent the movable plates rotating outwards from extending out of the outer lateral side of the hollow column; and the spring mechanism is contained in the hollow column and applies outward force to each movable plate. The shape and size of the outer lateral side of the hollow column enable the outer lateral side of the hollow column to be in close fit with the inner wall of the embedded junction box when the hollow column is inserted into the embedded junction box. Using the embedded junction box opening plastering device can conveniently form a qualified plastered opening shape for one time when an embedded junction box opening is plastered.


Five lignan compounds,sehisantherin A(I_a),B(II_a), C(III_a),D(IV_a)and E(V_a)have been isolated from the fruits of Hua-Zhong-Wu-Wei-Zi(Schisandra sphenantheraRehd et Wils)(Magnoliaceae).In preliminary clinical trials,schisantherin A,B,Cand D showed signifieant effect in lowering the serum glutamie pyruvic transaminase(SGPT)level of the patients suffering from chronic virus hepatitis.The same effect has also been observed in experimental abnormal high SGPTlevel animals induced by carbon tetrachloride.The physical properties and the NMR data of sohisantherin A,B,C,D and E aregiven in Tab.1 and 2.The structure of schisantherin A reported previously is revised as follows,namelythe position of methylenedioxy group should be at 12,13(as I_a or I_b)instead of at 13,14,based on the following evidences,i.e.the studies of I_a and its related compoundson nuclear Overhauser effect(NOE)(Tab.3 and 4),solvent effect of methoxy protons(Tab.5) and chemical degradations (Chatt I).For the same reason,the publishedstructures of γ-schisandrin and wuweizisu C should be VI and VII respectively.Thestructures of schisantherin B,C,D and E are established as II_a,III_a,IV_a and V_arespectively,whose conformations(shown as II_b, III_b, IV_b and V_b respectively) werethe same as schisantherin A(I_b).When this work was finished,a communication on the chemistry of gomisia A,B,and C isolated from Schisandra chinensis Baill was published by Japanese chemists.It seems tha~+, gomisin B and C may be identical with schisantherin B and Arespectively,but schisantherin C,D and E have never been reported in the literatureso far.


Objective: To Analysis on psychological pressure of college football players. Method: Theoretical research and interview method. Process: Firstly, the source of psychological stress of college football players is analyzed in the competition. Secondly, a survey of sources of psychological stress and coping strategies are carried out for 21 football players from Sichuan University. Thirdly, the results of psychological stress sources and coping strategies are obtained. Finally, he method of psychological training for soccer players is studied. Result& Analysis: After the investigation, we found that the psychological pressure of college football players is a variety of sources in the competition. Among them, the game's pressure is the most important, accounting for 50%. Most athletes can take positive coping strategies for psychological stress. But there are still close to 40% of athletes to take a negative coping strategies. Result: Colleges and universities should take active and effective psychological training for football players.


Uneven Gap Electron pairs that are responsible for the phenomenon of superconductivity can only be broken by investing a finite amount of energy, called the energy gap. The size of the gap may depend on the position on the Fermi surface; in cuprates, the gap completely disappears at certain points. What happens in the pnictide superconductors is still a subject of debate, not least because there appear to be differences between the different pnictide families. Allan et al. (p. 563) used scanning tunneling spectroscopy to study the compound LiFeAs. The gap was mapped on three of the five bands on which the Fermi surface resides and was found to be anisotropic in momentum space. The energy needed to break up electron pairs in a pnictide superconductor depends on position on the Fermi surface. If strong electron-electron interactions between neighboring Fe atoms mediate the Cooper pairing in iron-pnictide superconductors, then specific and distinct anisotropic superconducting energy gaps Δi(k⃗) should appear on the different electronic bands i. Here, we introduce intraband Bogoliubov quasiparticle scattering interference (QPI) techniques for determination of Δik⃗. in such materials, focusing on lithium iron arsenide (LiFeAs). We identify the three hole-like bands assigned previously as γ, α2, and α1, and we determine the anisotropy, magnitude, and relative orientations of their Δik⃗. These measurements will advance quantitative theoretical analysis of the mechanism of Cooper pairing in iron-based superconductivity.


Provding a high level of durability of heat exchange equipment of water-cooled reactors under local stochastic temperature pulsations is an important scientific and technical problem for the nuclear power industry. Temperature pulsations produced by mixing non-isothermal coolant flows with high temperature gradient are most dangerous. This work is an experimental study of temperature and stress-strain state of a tube sample under local stochastic temperature pulsations caused by mixing of coolant flows.To solve the problems posed, aY-junction with «counter injection» was built, which was included in the thermal-hydraulic research facility. The design of theY-junction allows study of the thermal-hydraulic characteristics and durability of tube samples made of austenitic steel of 60 × 5 мм. Some tube samples had developed for measuring the temperature, stress-strain state of tube material and temperature field of coolant flow in mixing zone of single-phase coolants with different temperatures. Measuring tube samples were equipped with micro thermocouples and strain gauges.The experimental data of temperature pulsations, time-averaged temperature field in the coolant flow and on the outer surface of the sample were obtained, and statistical and spectral correlation characteristics of temperature pulsations were analyzed. According to results of measuring the relative strain, values of stresses were calculated.Devices and research techniques are developed. The combination of coolant flows parameters that provide thermal load of the metal surface at the highest level of stress intensity amplitude was obtained. The study results are used to verify the method for evaluating fatigue of reactor installations materials under stochastic temperature pulsations.


Study Design. An experimental animal study to achieve posterolateral intertransverse process spine fusion with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein in combination with a new delivery system. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of a new synthetic biodegradable bone-inducing material containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) as a bone-graft substitute for posterolateral intertransverse process fusion in a rabbit model. Summary of Background Data. rhBMP-2, a powerful bone-inducing cytokine, has been used as a bone graft substitute in combination with animal-derived collagen to achieve spinal fusion in animal models. However, the minimum dose of rhBMP-2 required to obtain solid posterolateral intertransverse process fusion was high on the basis of previous reports (>100 &mgr;g in rabbit models). To improve the efficacy, performance of rhBMP-2, and the safety of the delivery system for this protein, a more sophisticated system is required. Methods. To fabricate one implant for one-side L4–L5 intertransverse process fusion, &bgr;-tricalcium phosphate (&bgr;-TCP) powder (300 &mgr;g), a polymer gel (PLA-DX-PEG block copolymer; 300 &mgr;g) and rhBMP-2 (7.5, 15, or 30 &mgr;g) were mixed and manually shaped to resemble a rod. Through a posterolateral approach, two implants were placed on both sides (1 per side) by surgery so as to bridge the transverse processes of adult New Zealand white rabbits (n = 27). In control animals, implants without rhBMP or autogenous cortico-cancellous bone chips from the iliaccrest were placed in a similar location. The lumbar vertebrae were recovered 6 weeks after surgery. The posterolateral fusion was examined by manual palpation, radiography, biomechanical testing, and histology. Results. Rabbits that received 15 or 30 &mgr;g of rhBMP-2 showed consistent fusion. However, solid fusion was seen in 2 of 5 rabbits with autografting and rabbits that received 7.5 &mgr;g of rhBMP-2. Fusion was not observed in the rabbits that did not receive rhBMP-2. Conclusions. Consistent spinal fusion was obtained by implanting a biodegradable bone-inducing implant composed of &bgr;-TCP, PLA-DX-PEG, and rhBMP-2 within a period of 6 weeks. The rhBMP-2 doses required for the spinal fusion were significantly lower than those reported previously.


Summary form only given. We report on the design, fabrication and testing of a back-illuminated, voltage bias selectable, dual band deep ultraviolet (UV) AlGaN photodetector for integration into space spectroscopic instrumentation. The photodetector can separate UV-A and UV-B band radiation by bias switching a two terminal n-p-n homojunction structure that is fabricated in the same pixel. When a forward bias is applied between the top and bottom electrodes, the detector can sense UV-A and reject UV-B band radiation. Alternatively, under reverse bias, the photodetector can sense UV-B and reject UV-A band radiation. The proof-of-concept design presented here shows that it is feasible to fabricate a dual-band deep UV photodetector based on the current state-of-art AlGaN material growth and fabrication technologies.


Anti-corruption movements play a vital role in democratic development. From the American Gilded Age to global demonstrations in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, these movements seek to combat malfeasance in government and improve accountability. While this collective action remains a constant, how government elites perceive and respond to such agitation, varies. My dissertation tackles this puzzle head-on: Why do some democratic governments respond more tolerantly than others to anti-corruption movements? To answer this research question, I examine variation across time in two cases within the world's largest democracy: India. I compare the Congress Party government's suppressive response to the Jayaprakash Narayan movement in 1975, and the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance government's tolerant response to the India Against Corruption movement in 2012. For developing democracies such as India, comparativist scholarship gives primacy to external, material interests – such as votes and rents – as proximately shaping government behavior. Although these logics explain elite decision-making around elections and the predictability of pork barrel politics, they fall short in explaining government conduct during credibility crises, such as when facing nationwide anti-corruption movements. In such instances of high political uncertainty, I argue, it is the absence or presence of an ideological checks and balance mechanism among decision-making elites in government that shapes suppression or tolerance respectively. This mechanism is produced from the interaction between structure (multi-party coalition) and agency (divergent cognitive frames in positions of authority). In this dissertation, elites analyze the anti-corruption movement and form policy prescriptions based on their frames around social and economic development as well as their concepts of the nation. My research consists of over 110 individual interviews with state elites, including the Prime Minister, cabinet ministers, party leaders, and senior bureaucrats among other officials for the contemporary case; and a broad compilation of private letters, diplomatic cables and reports, and speeches collected from three national archives for the historical study. To my knowledge this is the first data-driven study of Indian politics that precisely demonstrates how ideology acts as a constraint on government behavior in a credibility crisis. On a broader level, my findings contribute to the recently renewed debate in political science as to why democracies sometimes behave illiberally.


This research was conducted with the aims to find out how far the mathematics learning ability of elementary school students during the learning transition. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method, with the samples used as the subject of this research as many as 3 elementary school students and the sampling technique used is purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of the students' mathematics learning ability tests conducted in this research, it was found that the FR subject got a score of 96 in the very good category, the MS subject got a score of 78 in the good category, and the ZV subject got a score of 80 in the good category. The avarage score of the students' mathematics learning ability test results in this research was 84.6. Based on this, it is known that the mathematics learning ability of elementary school students during the learning transition period is currently in the good category.


This letter presents a fault location technique for three-terminal hybrid AC transmission lines with one off-service line branch by using synchrophasor data obtained from buses which are connected to in-service line branches. The proposed method adopts the two-terminal fault location technique to identify the faulted line branch and locate the fault point when a fault exists on the in-service line branch. Contrarily, if a fault exists on the off-service line branch, the apparent reactance that is obtained from synchronized voltage and current phasor sets of the junction point P, and sequence networks are both chosen to calculate the exact fault point. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed idea has high accuracy under different fault types and resistance.


The invention relates to a method (1) for the automated creation of a data set (4), which characterizes a technical drawing (2) having symbols (S1...s6) and lines (l1...l8) connecting the symbols (s1...s6), from the drawing (2), comprising the following steps performed in a computer system: a) scanning the technical drawing (2), b) identifying the symbols (s1...s6) in the technical drawing (2) and storing nodes representing the respective symbols (s1...s6) in the data set (4), c) identifying lines (l1...l8) each connecting at least two symbols (s1...s6) in the technical drawing (2) and storing connections representing the respective lines (l1...l8) in the data set (4), wherein at least two end points are associated with each connection and one of the nodes that represent the symbols (s1...s6) connected by the particular line (l1...l8) is associated with each end point, d) providing a symbol library (8) having a plurality of symbol types (st1...st7) and symbol data (10) associated with each symbol type (st1...st7), e) associating exactly one symbol type (st1...st7) from the symbol library (8) with each node at least on the basis of the symbol data (10) and storing the associated symbol types (st1...st7) for the respective nodes in the data set (4), should make it possible to automatically extract semantic information and relationships from vectorized data of a technical drawing such that said semantic information and relationships are available for further processing. For this purpose, step d) comprises storing a number of connection points (a1...a3) having connection-point data (12) associated with each connection point (a1...a3) for a number of the symbol types (st1...st7) in the symbol library (8), and step e) comprises associating exactly one connection point (a1...a3) with each of a number of end points at least on the basis of the connection-point data (12) and storing the respective associated connection points (a1...a3) for the end points in the data set (4).


A system is described to simulate and visualise the trajectory and fate of oil spills. The system uses a GIS to store the geo-referenced information, such as bathimerry and mean conditions of wind, currents and waves. It includes also the physico-chemical properties of the most common crude oils. The computation of the weathering of the spill and its trajectory is performed by different modules that can be used operationally with forecasted met-ocean conditions. However it can also be used with the mean conditions resident in the system while forecast data is not available.


We previously reported that parasympathetically‐mediated bradycardia in response to white noise sound (WNS) exposure in conscious rats was suppressed by muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, microinjected into the lateral/ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (l/vlPAG). This finding prompted us to determine if the rat l/vlPAG is activated by the WNS exposure. Rats were exposed to 30‐min WNS at 90 dB, which evoked freezing behavior, an index of fear. We examined the distribution of cells expressing Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, in the WNS‐exposed rats and control rats which had not been exposed to WNS (N=6 for each). The WNS exposure significantly (P<0.05) increased Fos positive cells in l/vlPAG, as well as dorsolateral PAG, as compared to the control. Subsequently, we investigated if Fos positive cells in the PAG after the WNS exposure in rats would be immunolabeled with cholera toxin b‐subunit, a retrograde tracer, previously microinjected into the nucleus ambiguus (NA) (N=2). Our pilot data suggested that there were neuronal projections from l/vlPAG to NA which were activated by the WNS exposure. In conclusion, the l/vlPAG‐NA pathway may play a role in evoking bradycardia in response to exposure of WNS. Supported by JSPS Kaken 26670112.


1. 124 cases were found out from 8047 persons who received the mass examination and the discovering rate was 1.5 per cent. 2. 140 cases were checked to be diabetics from 645 persons by their family trees examination with the discovering rate of 23 per cent. 3. Diabetics were found with the discovering rate of 25.6 per cent among persons whose mothers or fathers suffered from diabetes and with 21.13 per cent among persons whose parents had no diabetes. And the former per cent was higher a little than the latter. 4. The rate of having diabetes in their young age was higher among persons in so-called diabetes family trees than in the normal trees, and the death of some persons by the above diabetes of early age was noticed. 5. There were found 9 family trees which had cases more than 3 respectively and 4 family trees which had cases more than 4 being pointed out to be the deep and thick diabetes family trees. 6. It is very necessary to conduct the family trees investigation on the occasion of mass clinical examination. Its reason is as follows: We can find out new cases, especially the early age cases under 30 ages, and that, serious cases among rather small number of persons, and the persons, involving diabetics and non-diabetics, in the diabetes family trees should take care of their own meals from point of the so-called preventing medicine.


In this work, we propose to transfer a soil moisture-based wireless sensor network (SM-WSN) to support the reduction of irrigation water consume in the Tuscany region (Italy). The SM-WSN was designed and validated in a commercial pear orchard during two growing seasons (2019-2020) in which the smart irrigation strategy was implemented and applied.

Initially, the micro irrigation system was assessed based on its performance in terms of water distribution uniformity (DU) evaluated with field measurements of emitter flow rates. Then, a zoning analysis was carried out to divide the orchard into homogeneous areas according to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) detected with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and GIS tools. These areas were used to define the topology of the SM-WSN and to investigate how water distribution uniformity can affect the vigour of the trees. A total of 6 “drill & drop” capacitance probes (Sentek Pty Ltd, Stepney, Australia) were installed in the field, after following a simplified laboratory calibration procedure. The hardware and the smartphone-based application, AgriNET, used to download from remote the sensors’ readings were provided by Tuctronics (Walla Walla, Washington, USA).

Assuming that the zoning outcome was only associated with the soil spatial variability, the effect of DU on the vigour of the trees has been identified. Moreover, unlike the ordinary irrigation scheduling applied in the farm, the smart system allowed maintaining the soil water content within a pre-defined optimal range, in which the upper and lower limits corresponded respectively to the soil field capacity and the threshold below which water stress occurs. Based on the smart irrigation management, a water-saving up to 50% of the total water supplied with ordinary scheduling was achieved during both the investigated growing seasons. Moreover, the quality of the productions (i.e °Brix, fruit size and firmness) were in line with the standard required by the farmer. The adoption of the new technology, aiming at identifying the most appropriate irrigation management, has the potential to generate positive economic returns and to reduce the environmental impacts.


The use of reflective learning journals to encourage higher order learning outcomes is a growing area in higher education research and practice. However, without a unified and clear definition of reflection, identifying and assessing reflection is problematic for educators. In an attempt to address this issue, in 1999 Kember and colleagues devised a coding scheme based on the work of Mezirow, to identify and assess levels of reflective thinking in students' written journals. We evaluated the usefulness of this coding scheme in a business education context. Findings revealed that the scheme was useful in identifying categories of reflective thinking. Inter‐coder agreement was 0.802 which is satisfactory. On average, 65% of the journal content was coded as non‐reflection and 35% as reflection. A further outcome of the research was to refine the coding scheme and to provide suggestions for its application in teaching practice.


Within the digital culture, the increasing internet consumption and the constant development of technology, especially smartphones have made cyber awareness turn to be increasingly urgent. This study focuses on comparing the level of cyber security awareness, knowledge and behavior among university students in general and between Hungary and Vietnam in particular. Research data was collected, using a set of questionnaires and the 313 responses from University Students, in different school years and fields of study, in Hungary and Vietnam. Quantitative analysis was conducted using SPSS. Results show that all respondents possess a lack of knowledge of cyber security, leading to a low level of cyber threat awareness, beyond the differences in respondent countries. However, there are minor differences in the behavior, between respondents in Hungary and Vietnam, which were measured through four dimensions of cyber security: malware items, password usage issues, social engineering and online scam issues. This research helps to raise awareness of differences in cyber security mindfulness, due to cultural characteristics, that can be considered, when developing global mega-systems, such as, social platforms.


In the previous chapter attention has been focused on the syntheses, spectral and structural characterization of bridged expanded porphyrins. In order to avoid twist in the expanded porphyrins, we adopted the bridging strategies. As expected, the bridged expanded porphyrins such as thiophene bridged hexaphyrins and dithienothiophene bridged octaphyrins maintained planar structure. To maintain planarity, in addition to bridging strategies in this chapter, we have focused on another strategy, called fusion. There are series of fused expanded porphyrins are known in the literature [51-53, 101-104] and such a macrocycles were briefly discussed in the first chapter. There are two strategies adopted so far in the literature for the synthesis of fused expanded porphyrinoids. In the first strategy, the fused ring is generated during the final condensation or synthesized after macrocyclic formation 1 (Chart 1). In this case, there is no control for the fused ring formation. In the second strategy, the fusion is introduced in the starting material itself. For example, Lee and co-workers reported the benzodipyrrole sapphyrin 2 [51] and Sessler and co-workers synthesized the dioxobenzosapphyrin 3 [52]. Recently, our group also has demonstrated the synthesis of electron rich core dithienothiophene modified singly and doubly fused 4 rubyrins [53].


literature review, and meta-analysis. 1 This is followed by a look at key features of qualitative metasynthesis as currently used within health sciences, and an explanation of how and why it can be expanded into a theory-based methodology


Key Points Question Can telemedicine visits for patients with cancer help in reducing carbon emissions? Findings This cross-sectional study included 49 329 telemedicine visits at a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated comprehensive cancer center from April 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. For patients living within a driving distance of 60 minutes from the cancer center, an estimated 424 471 kg carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were saved (per-visit mean savings of 19.8 kg CO2 emissions) due to telemedicine, the equivalent of 91.5 passenger vehicles driven for 1 year. For patients whose driving distance was greater than 60 minutes, 2 744 248 kg CO2 emissions were saved (per-visit mean savings of 98.6 kg CO2 emissions), the equivalent of 591 passenger vehicles driven for 1 year. Meaning These results highlight the carbon emissions savings that could be gained with the increased use of telemedicine in oncology. This has important implications in reducing health care–related carbon footprint.


For many years the borders between Israel and its neighbouring countries have been strongly marked and heavily fortified boundaries which have functioned as a significant impediment to tourism. Since the 1980s, new border agreements have been established between Israel and some of its neighbouring countries. However, even though co-operative tourism agreements have been signed, crossing borders and the development of border tourism have not reached a desirable level of normalization as they have in other cross-border regions of the world. This report is a summery of the conference 'Border Tourism and Regional Development at the Frontier of Israel and its Neighboring Countries'. The conference was held on March 21, 2006, at the Sheraton Moriah Hotel in Tiberias, Israel. It brought together tourism researchers and professionals from throughout Israel and abroad. The conference was organized by the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Studies at the Kinneret College on the Sea of Galilee, with assistance and sponsorship of several partners. The main aim of the conference was to understand the nature of and prospects for developing border tourism as it is implemented on an international level in the age of globalization. A second objective was to analyse the possibilities of applying this understanding to develop regional/international tourism between Israel and its neighbouring countries. The primary themes discussed at the conference included regional co-operation in border tourism with global case studies of success, border tourism planning and management focusing on Israel compared to other international case studies, evaluating the impacts of border tourism, the economic aspects of developing border-related tourism, and the extent to which the international border experience is practical for developing regional tourism in the border areas of Israel (i.e. the Jordan Valley and northern Israel near the borders with Lebanon, Syria and Jordan and the Negev and southern Israel near the Egyptian border). Dallen Timothy, the conference keynote speaker, examined the ideas, concepts, practices and assumptions associated with border-based tourism throughout the world. Conceptually, he discussed border tourism from the perspective of areas of conflict,


The aim of this study was to fabricate novel microparticles (MPs) for efficient and long-term delivery of amikacin (AMI). The emulsification method proposed for encapsulating AMI employed low-molecular-weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic acid-co-polyethylene glycol) (PLA–PEG), both supplemented with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The diameters of the particles obtained were determined as less than 30 μm. Based on an in-vitro release study, it was proven that the MPs (both PLA/PVA- and PLA–PEG/PVA-based) demonstrated long-term AMI release (2 months), the kinetics of which adhered to the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The loading efficiencies of AMI in the study were determined at the followings levels: 36.5 ± 1.5 μg/mg for the PLA-based MPs and 106 ± 32 μg/mg for the PLA–PEG-based MPs. These values were relatively high and draw parallels with studies published on the encapsulation of aminoglycosides. The MPs provided antimicrobial action against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial strains. The materials were also comprehensively characterized by the following methods: differential scanning calorimetry; gel permeation chromatography; scanning electron microscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–attenuated total reflectance; energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence; and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. The findings of this study contribute toward discerning new means for conducting targeted therapy with polar, broad spectrum antibiotics.


Because of the discrete conductance steps in split-gate GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum point contacts and wires they are commonly referred to as one-dimensional (1D) systems. We discuss what is meant by this characterization by analysing the local density of states (DOS). For realistic device parameters we find that the local DOS may deviate substantially from the ideal 1D case, which indicates that the Lieb–Mattis theorem (Lieb and Mattis 1962 Phys. Rev. 125 164), frequently referred to in the present context, does not apply in an obvious way. Spontaneous magnetization due to interactions is therefore feasible, in particular in the vicinity of sublevel thresholds and the associated low electron sub-band densities.


Deployable mesh reflectors for future communication and observation applications are required to have high gain and high directivity. In order to support these new missions, high surface accuracy reflectors are necessitated. The form-finding analysis for deployable mesh reflectors becomes more vital. It is to determine the equilibrium tension-forces in cables as well as the initial surface profile to assure the required surface accuracy. After reviewing some previously available form-finding methods, a new form-finding analysis approach is presented by this paper. This new approach has two steps. The first step is to investigate the tension-force distribution only for the cable net structure by assuming all circumferential nodes connected to the supporting truss are fixed. The second step is to optimize the tensionforce distribution of boundary cables which are directly connected to the supporting truss; the elastic deformation of the supporting truss can thus be compensated. A numerical example has been carried out and the simulation results have demonstrated this two-step form-finding method. It not only can guarantee the reflector surface matches the one by design, but also can warrant all cable tension-forces fall in a specified range.


(Grube, 1840), is used by many local residents in the Langgur waters as food. But in the collection the fishermen capture them before the spawn. The practices might decline in catches since the purpose of the worms to surface is to release gametes. Therefore, the catching period needs to be regulated based on bio-ecological aspects. The purpose of this study was to observe the dynamics of P. cultrifera worm catches, to analyze distribution of egg diameter, fecundity, and spawning peaks and to establish catching regulation. S ampling was carried out every month in June 2010 through May 2011 in the Langgur waters using a line transect sampling method along the shoreline. At any time of collection, samples were weighed to determine the biomass, then 5% of the samples preserved in 50% alcohol solution. From the samples preserved were taken 10 and 40 individuals respectively for egg diameter measurement and fecundity determination. The highest biomass was obtained in S eptember of 6346 g that indicated the spawning peak. The largest eggs were 110 μm and the highest fecundity of 27,000 eggs was obtained in October. The dynamics of the catch showed that mature gametes can be found throughout the year. Juvenile individuals were available only from June to August. Thus, the correct closing period for catching the P. cultrifera worms would be from June to October. I. INTRODUCTION SOUTHEAST Maluku regency geographically consists of two island groups namely the Kei and Aru is lands. Ecologically, the Kei islands cluster was dominated by coral reefs of hard rocky substrate. The Kei islands consist of the Greater Kei Islands and the Lesser Kei Islands (Nuhuroa and Dullah Island). The area of the Greater Kei Islands is 581 km² while area of the Lesser Kei Islands is 3,468 km² [1]. Langgur waters are located in the Lesser Kei Islands with recede distance ± 50-300 m. One of biological aquatic resources in Langgur waters is marine worms of Polychaeta class known by the locals as "lawar" or in the Keian language is called "S'u". This marine worm (Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840)) is in the Nereidae family. The P. cultrifera worms can be found in clean and clear waters, algae covered rocky corals, hollow corals, and in undamaged reefs. P. cultrifera worm is used by the Langgur community as one of the popular traditional food for generations. Until now this marine worm is used as the …