Although there is considerable literature discussing influence of environmental concern in the general population, and some literature specific to certain populations, to date there has not been a study that investigates the influences on environmental concern and career path for environmental scientists. With complex environmental issues becoming an increasing global concern, such information could be critical to developing strategies to encourage individuals to choose a career in environmental science. This study investigates the influences on environmental concern and career choice of Canadian environmental scientists. It offers insight into motivations for work, and contributes to understanding the sociology of the profession.


We evaluate the form factors describing the semileptonic decays $\bar{B^0}\to J/\psi (\eta_c) D^+ \ell^- \bar \nu_\ell$, within the framework of a QCD relativistic potential model. This decay is complementary to $\bar{B^0}\to J/\psi (\eta_c) D^+ \pi^-$ in a phase space region where a pion factors out.We estimate the branching ratio for these semileptonic and nonleptonic channels, finding $\mathcal{BR}(\bar{B^0} \to J/\psi (\eta_c) D^+ \ell \nu_\ell) \simeq 10^{-13}$, $\mathcal{BR}(\bar{B^0} \to J/\psi D^+ \pi^-) = 3.1 \times 10^{-8}$ and $\mathcal{BR}(\bar{B^0} \to \eta_c D^+ \pi^-) = 3.5 \times 10^{-8}$.


ABSTRACT— Two patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) who experienced a delayed contralateral hemiparesis, the so‐called crossed zoster syndrome, are described. Particular emphasis is paid to the cerebral blood flow (CBF) findings studied with the Xenon‐133 inhalation technique using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In a 40‐year‐old female with right‐sided hemiparesis, angiography showed multiple segmental narrowings of the intracerebral arteries. Cerebral computer tomography (CT) scans were normal. The CBF studied 11 months after the HZO showed a generalized reduction of flow which, however, was more pronounced in the left hemisphere. On re‐examination 8 months later both the mean hemispheric flow and regional CBF (rCBF) had increased to normal values. In a 66‐year‐old male with dysphasia and right‐sided hemiparesis, cerebral CT scans demonstrated two small deep left‐sided infarcts. CBF examination showed a generalized reduction of flow in the left hemisphere. The flow was slightly increased on re‐examination 12 months later. These findings suggest that the Xenon‐133 inhalation method represents a useful way to demonstrate the CBF pattern in this group of patients.


Cardinal Elio Sgreccia kindly accepted to answer some questions with which I want to emphasize his extraordinary thought about human dignity through the Ontological Personalism. In this interview, he reveals the philosophical tradition that come before him, the thinkers in which he has supported and the dignitaries who have enlighten his development like Paul VI and John Paul II. He shows us the linearity of his thought and the transparency of his reflection, which has resulted, among others, in his Manual of Bioethics, its content, development and application. Primarily in this reflection is the issue of dignity of the person and its ontological foundation


Purpose: To present a new, small-incision, sutureless surgical technique for the repair of subconjunctival fat proplase. Methods: This is a retrospective interventional case series. Four eyes of 3 patients who presented with prolapsed subconjunctival fat were surgically repaired using a small-incision, sutureless technique with fibrin glue. No prolapsed subconjunctival fat was excised. Results: The surgical treatment of prolapsed subconjunctival fat using a small-incision, sutureless technique with fibrin glue was successful in all 4 eyes. There have been no cases of recurrence of the prolapsed subconjunctival fat with a mean follow up of 31 months. Conclusions: Small-incision, sutureless repositioning of subconjunctival fat using fibrin glue is an effective new surgical technique for the management of prolapsed subconjunctival fat.


Recent advances in military technology are forcing radical revisions in Western thinking on the interconnection between war and the economic process. Concepts established by the experience of World Wars I and II have suffered a near-total eclipse. The thermo-nuclear bomb and the ICBM leave little room for the traditional notion of the "economic potential" that furnishes a nation with a "mobilization base" capable of providing the sinews of war in protracted struggles of attrition.


It is admitted that an overall comparison between Chinese philosophies and western philosophies is hard to make due to their different backgrounds,complex systems and rich connotations.Language philosophy in 20th century has broken through the theory of "language as a vehicle" and regards language as a power of constructing existence.An analysis of Heidegger's Language Ontology,one of the important theories of western philosophies,and the philosophical thoughts of Tao in China will provide an new angle to make a comparative study between the above two philosophies.


Inspite of the tremendous growth and baffling figur es of production in Indian poultry sector, there are several constra ints affecting future growth of the poultry industry, among which temperature-associated environmental challenges, especially hot climate im poses severe stress on birds and leads to reduced performance. Therefore, reviewing the impacts of heat stress on poultry productions or its recipr ocal effects seems to be the priority research area in the present scenario. The purpose of this article is to review the physiology of birds with respect to h ot climate and its detrimental effects on poultry production system.


X-rays, just like visible light, are photons or electromagnetic radiation, but at much higher energies and outside of the range of our vision. Because of the wavelength of typical Xrays (on the order of a nanometer), they readily interact with objects of similar size such as individual molecules or atoms. This property makes them particularly useful in transmission imaging. Figure 1 is a cartoon of a typical x-ray radiographic experiment or procedure. An x-ray beam is produced with known energy and geometric characteristics. The beam is aimed at a region of interest. The photons interact with matter in the region of interest, changing the intensity, energy and geometry of the beam. A detector measures the pattern (and possibly the distribution) of incident energy. The detection data, when compared to the incident beam characteristics, contains the known signature of the region of interest. We consider the mathematics and some of the physics involved in each step with the goal of modeling a radiographic transformation appropriate for mixed soft and hard tissue axial tomography of the human body.


This paper will summarize the results of treatment obtained at the Radiumhemmet in cooperation with several Swedish surgical depart ments in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma, admitted during a 15-year period from 1929 through 1943. Our results are gained by means of conservative surgery in combination with irradiation. This analysis was performed with a view to elucidating factors of importance and possible deficiencies in present principles of treatment in order to im prove future methods. For this reason, data regarding the indications for palliative treatment by surgery and radiation as well as records of many peculiar cases have been omitted. Detailed clinical reviews by MIESCHER (45), MOIR et al. (47), PACK & LIVINGSTON, and others (1, 3, 4, 9, 34) cover all pertinent aspects. The report was limited to melanomas of the skin in order to avoid cases with regional gland stations inaccessible to clinical classification. The tables are for comparison kept close to those published by PACK, PERZIK & SCHARNAGEL (54), who reviewed 862 cases seen at the Memorial Hospital from 1917 to 1946. For previous re ports from Radiumhemmet the readers are referred to a paper by SCHARNAGEL (61) on cutaneous melanomas treated between 1921 and 1930, and further the epibulbar melanomas have been dealt with by LARSSON


Objective:To summarize clinical experience of MEBT/MEBO in treating all kinds of degree burns and scalds wounds.Method:Retrospectively reviewing clinical data of all kinds of degree bums wounds collected from Mar. 1997 to Nov.2006.Results:Total collected 416 bums and scalds patients,all were treated with MEBT/MEBO.Of them, 3 gunpowder bum patients died of multiple system organ failure caused by sever respiratory burns and explosive injury com- plications.Rest other 413 cases were healed;shortest healing time was 6 days for superficial second degree wounds,lon- gest was 13 days;deep second degree wounds healed within 19 days;the longest healing time was 78 days;extensive deep second degree and third degree wounds healed well.9 cases of deep third degree burns healed with pnnctiform shape skin auto grafting at the late stage of granulation wound formed.Rest others healed spontaneously.Conclusion:MEBT is appli- cable to all kinds of degree burn wounds with obvious efficacy,easy to grasp and convenient to use.


An efficient temperature stratification heat exchange energy storage water tank with internally arranged phase change thermal storage materials comprises an energy storage tank body, layered heat exchange coils, inlet and outlet baffle plates and thermal storage balls, wherein the phase change thermal storage materials are arranged inside the thermal storage balls, a gas exhaust valve and a blow-down valve are arranged on the energy storage tank body, a water inlet of a heat exchanger, an inlet of a hot water pipe coming from a heat collector, and hot water outlets heading to users are located on the upper portion of the energy storage tank body, and a water outlet of the heat exchanger, low-temperature water inlets from the users, and low-temperature water outlets heading to the heat collector are located on the lower portion of the energy storage tank body. The efficient temperature stratification heat exchange energy storage water tank with the internally arranged phase change thermal storage materials is characterized in that the heat exchange coils are arranged in three layers inside the energy storage tank body and divide the energy storage tank body into three layers, the three layers are a high temperature region, a medium temperature region and a low temperature region sequentially from top to bottom, the phase change thermal storage materials are encapsulated inside the small thermal storage balls, a certain space is left in each thermal storage ball for size changes, when heat is stored, the phase change thermal storage materials turn into the liquid phase from the solid phase, and when the heat is discharged, the phase change thermal storage materials change reversely. All the inlets and the outlets directly connected with the energy storage tank body are provided with the inlet and outlet baffle plates.


Compounds of formula (I) are claimed. In the formula, R It is selected from the group consisting of. Compounds are inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), hypertension, inflammation, adult respiratory distress syndrome; useful for the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome and arthritis; diabetic complications; end-stage renal disease.


The development of screw expander technology tends to be on the rise and the patent number quickly increased between 2009 and 2012. America and Germany occupy the leading position in the screw expander technology. The screw expander technology in China develops quickly and holds a space in this field,but there is a gap in the quality of core patent and ratio compared with America and Europe.


Evolution of co-management practices for forests and protected areas ( PAs) is presented for South Asian region in order to comprehend the present co-management scenario in the region in general and Bangladesh in particular. This follows a review of current patterns of co-managing PAs in six main South Asian countries (India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bhutan and Bangladesh) with a view to discern enabling co-management policy issues and challenges. The relevance of emerging lessons is examined for Bangladesh in order to help decide future co-management priorities for the PAs. Co-management approach is particularly found suitable for Bangladesh PAs that are intimately interspersed with local communities, who practice cultivation and depend on forests for their livelihood. The protection of PAs and constituent biodiversity against biotic pressure cannot be effectively checked without establishing gainful partnerships with local stakeholders. More natural forest areas should be brought under PAs where co-management practices for in-situ biodiversity conservation should be implemented.


The utility model relates to a bamboo-wood composite multi-ply which uses bamboo sheets as a surface material and uses veneers as a sandwich layer material; the veneers is processed by a Chinese red pine, or intermediate cutting materials of other tree species with a small diameter class or a brushwood. The utility model is characterized in that two layers of face plates and multilayer core plate are basically and longitudinally arranged and assembled according to the same fibre direction. A wooden rotary cut thin veneer, both sides of which are coated with glue is respectively arranged between the bamboo sheet and the veneer, and between the veneer and the veneer. Compared with the bamboo plywood, the bamboo-wood composite multi-ply with a new structure has the advantages of light weight, high strength, reasonable material use, economization, easy fabrication, easy guarantee of the gluing quality, etc.


Silent submission : formation of foreign policy in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania : period from mid- 1920s to annexation in 1940


Over the last two decades, the field of ultrasound elastography has offered several noninvasive techniques to measure elasticity of various tissues with the aim of producing a clinical tool that would identify pathology based on variation in tissue elasticity1. The potential of this rapidly evolving field is evidenced by the numerous clinical studies reporting alterations in liver, breast, kidney, prostate and thyroid elasticity due to various disease processes such as fibrosis and cancer1.

We read with interest the article entitled "Evaluation of liver tumors using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography and correlation with histologic data" by Frulio, et al2. However, throughout this article we noted a substantial error in the reporting of the elastography results. The authors used an elastography method called acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography which uses focused ultrasound to produce shear waves in the tissue. (This method should be distinguished from the ARFI imaging method that maps the displacement from radiation force-based excitations3). The shear wave motion is then tracked with pulse-echo ultrasound and Doppler processing. The shear wave speed, cs, is related to the shear modulus, μ, of the tissue by the relationship, cs=μ∕ρ, where ρ is the mass density of the tissue. While the paper presents important clinical findings on the use of this elastography mode for examining liver tumors, we have also noticed several physical misconceptions and nomenclatorial inaccuracies that, with the future of the development of the field in mind, we feel are necessary to address.

The device used in this study was the Siemens Acuson S2000 (Siemens AG, Berlin, Germany) which reports the shear wave speed in m/s4. Frulio and colleagues have made a fundamental error in their reporting of tissue stiffness in units of m/s, which are units of speed not stiffness, and this error is consistently applied throughout the paper.

Briefly, we review the different quantities that are measured using elasticity imaging techniques to understand this error. The shear modulus is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain which has units of Pascals (Pa) or Newtons per square meter (N/m2) and is a fundamental material property of the tissue. The modulus measures the resistance to shear elastic deformation. In significant numbers of papers in the literature, the term stiffness is used instead of modulus. Stiffness, defined as the force over displacement and having units of N/m, is a measure of rigidity of an object and is influenced by its structure. For example, if two cylinders of the same material (i.e., modulus) with equal height but different diameters are pushed with the same force along the height direction, the one with the larger diameter will deform less than the one with the smaller diameter, and the cylinder with the larger diameter will appear stiffer even though both cylinders are made with material having the same modulus. In cases that include materials of the same size and shape, then the material with the higher elastic modulus will feel stiffer than the one with lower modulus.

Unfortunately, this discrepancy of reporting tissue stiffness in units of shear wave speed is not isolated to a single article using the Siemens machine with the Virtual Touch Quantification. In fact, a literature review found 12 other articles with a similar error in calling the shear wave velocity in units of m/s tissue stiffness5-16. In most of these cited articles, the description in the text is sometimes correct, but the graphs may have inappropriate labels. These types of errors range from minor occurrences such as labeling a plot with "liver stiffness measurement by ARFI elastography (m/s)" or something similar5, 6, 13, 15 to outright labeling as "Stiffness (m/s)"2, 14, 16, mean liver stiffness (LS) in m/s,7-10, tissue elasticity in m/s11, ARFI liver elastography12. Although, the authors consistently use the values associated with the shear wave speeds throughout their respective papers for statistical analysis and discrimination of advanced pathology versus normal tissue or early pathology, the confusion of the terms remains.

Other devices that provide a quantitative measure of the tissue stiffness include the FibroScan device (Echosens, Paris, France) and the Aixplorer ultrasound scanner (SuperSonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France). The FibroScan device employs a method called transient elastography17 and the Aixplorer utilizes a method called supersonic shear imaging18. Both of these devices report the Young's modulus values in units of kilopascals (kPa = kN/m2). However, the Aixplorer has recently been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for reporting of an adjustable numerical speed scale for the shear wave speeds measured19. Therefore, users may be susceptible to making a similar type of error if the shear wave speed is used for reporting "stiffness".

Magnetic resonance elastography is another method that uses mechanical vibration to create shear waves in different organs and then uses magnetic resonance imaging methods to measure the shear wave propagation20. In a number of studies, the shear modulus, μ, also referred to in many papers as the shear stiffness, is reported21-23. The shear modulus in an elastic, homogeneous, isotropic, and incompressible tissue is related to the Young's modulus, E, by E ≈ 3μ.

It should be noted that reporting the shear wave speed along with the frequency characteristics of the shear wave is the most appropriate so that results may be interpreted fairly between different studies. The frequency information is important because of the influence of the viscosity and geometry of soft tissues which causes the shear wave speed to vary with frequency24-27.

The scientific fallacy stemming from not discerning stiffness, shear modulus and shear wave speed as distinct physical phenomena does not obscure the clinical relevance and statistical analysis of the changes in shear wave velocity through various disease states. However, neglecting the relationship between the quantities speed, stiffness and the modulus and the importance of reporting the frequency makes it difficult to compare the results of a study with others conducted with the same device or studies performed with other devices in the field.

These errors have been reported in numerous clinically-oriented journals with 2011 impact factors that range from 1.25-3.8228. The field of clinical quantitative ultrasound-based elasticity imaging has been growing over the past few years. This is evidenced that just in the Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine for issues ranging from January 2012-January 2013 there were 11 articles or letters addressing this field. The number of articles will only grow as the field expands so it is important to recognize these errors now so that the integrity of the field is maintained.

Finally, we need to address how to avoid these types of errors in the literature in the future. There are five groups or institutions that need to be involved in this process including the authors, the device manufacturers, basic scientists, journal reviewers, and journal editorial staff. First, the authors of an article should take responsibility to accurately report their results which requires a basic knowledge of what the ultrasound device is actually measuring and reporting. It was observed that in the articles cited for containing these aforementioned discrepancies generally came from authors with M.D. degrees that identify with clinical departments. It may be the case that these clinicians may not have a strong foundation in the physics involved in the measurement techniques so the nuances of reporting shear wave speed versus tissue stiffness may be missed.

Second, the device manufacturers that have elastography modes may need to offer more education on the different elastography modes that are employed on their systems. In addition, a consensus within in the industry on what to report would help to alleviate these discrepancies. Recently, the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) established the Ultrasound Shear Wave Speed Technical Committee to work on the standardization of quantitative elasticity measurements for clinical use29. As these elastography modes are introduced more prevalently into clinical practice the sonographers and physicians need to understand what the machine is reporting.

Third, basic scientists that work in the elastography field need to provide the clearest descriptions of their methods within the engineering and basic science community as well as when they interact with clinicians who will use these devices on a daily basis.

Lastly, the final gatekeepers for publication and dissemination of research results are journal reviewers and the editorial staff of the journal, including the associate editors as well as the editor-in-chief. The reviewers and editors need to be sensitive to this type of error, particularly for a method that is now emerging into clinical studies.

Elasticity measurement and imaging have strong potential to make an impact in clinical care, particularly as the devices for making these types of measurements become more prevalent. The integrity of the measurement must be maintained to have sufficient meaning for use in diagnosis and that means having a more complete understanding of the fundamental properties that are being measured. This responsibility is shared by many within the scientific community, particularly basic scientists and engineers, device manufacturers, clinical scientists and reviewers and editors associated with the reporting and dissemination of biomedical study results.


In recent years, important policy developments have impacted the electricity market in the European Union (EU), affecting the cost of energy and resulting in changes to countries' electricity generation mix. This paper details the Spanish and Portuguese attempts to transition to a cleaner energy economy. At the end of the last century, Iberian countries started the process of liberalizing their electricity market and promoting the use of renewable energies in the electricity mix. Their objectives included establishing a "greener" energy supply, opening new employment opportunities, reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels, and pursuing a more sustainable economy and society. Assuming a leading role in the energy transition process has been a novel and challenging endeavor for both countries. The economic crisis only increased those challenges, leading to mixed results. In addition to covering the evolution of the Iberian electricity sector, this paper identifies key considerations for the future. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Ramon Bueno and Jonathan Harris for commenting on earlier drafts and providing valuable edits to this paper, as well as Paula Angel and Erin Coutts for the translation and formatting of the working paper. Funding for this project was provided by the Junta de Extremadura through a 2016-2017 travel grant for teachers and researchers. 1 Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University and University of Extremadura (Spain) Email: email@example.com 2 University of A Coruna (Spain) 3 University of Oviedo (Spain) Photo: Javier Joló Recio GDAE Working Paper 17-01: Iberian Electricity Sector


Facial expression recognition is a challenging problem in real-world scenarios owing to obstacles of illumination, occlusion, pose variations, and low-quality images. Recent works have paid attention to the concept of the region of interest (RoI) to strengthen local regional features in the presentation of facial expressions. However, the regions are mostly assigned by general experience; for example, the average areas of the eyes, mouth, and nose. In addition, features in the RoI are extracted from cropped patches. This operation is repeated and inefficient because RoI areas mostly overlap. This paper presents a region-based convolutional neural network for the recognition of facial expression named R-FENet. The proposed network is constructed on the basis of ResNet and predefined expert knowledge according to the Facial Action Coding System. To locate the region related to facial expression, three RoI groups (i.e., the upper, middle, and lower facial RoIs) including seven RoI areas are delimited according to the semantic relationship between action units and facial expression. Furthermore, aiming to avoid extracting features from the original image, the RoI pooling layer is used to extract RoI features. The proposed R-FENet is validated on two public datasets of facial expression captured in the wild: AffectNet and SFEW. Experiments show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results with accuracy of 60.95% on AffectNet and 55.97% on SFEW, relative to single-model methods.


To stabilize ion source discharge electricity,Ion source discharge electricity property is investigated.Through compare for on hand power supply,according to discharge electricity property,facilitate circuit to exert maximum,none of the capacity is wasted,we have designed a power supply of maintain ion source discharge electrictity steady furthermore little volume,light weight,high efficiency.


Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that becomes functional when any two of its five component proteins (p50, p52, p65, c-Rel, and RelB) join together. NF-κB plays an important role in bringing out cell proliferation, or cell growth. When NF-κB malfunctions and becomes hyperactive, excessive NF-κB activity promotes abnormally high cell growth, which is a symptom of cancer. Because of its tie to cancer, NF-κB is commonly subjected to modification to curb cancer growth. In this project, each component protein of NF- κB was degraded via a method called RNAi to see if it would have any negative influence on NF-κB activity of glioblastoma, or brain cancer, cells. It was found that degradation of p50 and p52 significantly reduced NF-κB activity while the remaining three failed to produce significant reduction.


The authors show the responsibility of antimitotic chemotherapy on the disturbances in dental development in the young children. They insist on doing an odonto-stomatologic check-up at the beginning of the treatment and to keep a constant watch during the treatment and until the end of dental evolution.


Against the background of multi-regional economic cooperation including the Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Cooperation and the M-shaped China-ASEAN economic cooperation,the Xijiang River Basin should develop itself and take part in the multi-regional cooperation by relying on its own geographical advantages,rich natural resources,rich history and culture,age-old economic development and rich experiences in foreign cooperation,relying on the golden watercourse of the Xijiang River and its solid industrial foundation,reorganizing the resources and industries of the cities and counties,making appropriate planning of agriculture,industry,trade,and tourism,improving its own capacity and competitiveness,and enhancing cooperation and exchanges with the economically developed regions.


MOTIVATION
We developed an algorithm to reconstruct ancestral sequences, taking into account the rate variation among sites of the protein sequences. Our algorithm maximizes the joint probability of the ancestral sequences, assuming that the rate is gamma distributed among sites. Our algorithm probably finds the global maximum. The use of 'joint' reconstruction is motivated by studies that use the sequences at all the internal nodes in a phylogenetic tree, such as, for instance, the inference of patterns of amino-acid replacement, or tracing the biochemical changes that occurred during the evolution of a given protein family.

RESULTS
We give an algorithm that guarantees finding the global maximum. The efficient search method makes our method applicable to datasets with large number sequences. We analyze ancestral sequences of five gene families, exploring the effect of the amount of among-site-rate-variation, and the degree of sequence divergence on the resulting ancestral states.

AVAILABILITY AND SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
http://evolu3.ism.ac.jp/~tal/

CONTACT
firstname.lastname@example.com


With support from LANL's Technology Commercialization Office we have built a prototype of the module on Legendre polynomials. Using a previously built style template, there were no serious problems in making this conversion. To ensure that the student actually does the exercises, we devised a model that requires that equation elements be dragged into a solution box in correct order before credit is given for doing that exercise.


summary Teaching an athlete how to perform a clean correctly can be a challenging task. Because of this some coaches avoid including the clean in the training programs they design. By breaking the process down into 12 steps, however, the teaching process becomes a more manageable task.


The challenge for Product Recall Insurance companies and their policyholders to manually explore their customer product's defects from online customer reviews (OCR) delays product risk analysis and product recall recovery processes. In today's product life cycle, product recall events happen almost every day and there is no practical method to automatically transfer the massive amount of valuable online customer reviews, such as defect information, performance issue, and serviceability feedback, to the Product Recall Insurance team as well as their policyholders' engineers to analyze the product risk and evaluate their premium. This lack of early risk analysis and defect detection mechanism often increases the risks of a product recall and cost of claims for both the insurers and policyholder, potentially causing billions of dollars in economic loss, liability resulting from the bodily injury, and loss of company credibility. This research explores two different kinds of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models and one Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model to extract product defect information from OCRs. This research also proposes a novel approach, combined with RNN and LDA models, to provide the insurers and the policyholders with an early view of product defects. The proposed approach first employs the RNN models for sentiment analysis on customer reviews to identify negative reviews and reviews that mention product defects, then applies the LDA model to retrieve a summary of key defect insight words from these reviews. Results of this research show that both the insurers and the policyholders can discover early signs of potential defects and opportunities for improvement when using this novel approach on eight of the bestselling Amazon home furnishing products. This combined approach can locate the keywords of these products' defects and issues that customers mentioned the most in their OCRs, which allows the insurers and the policyholders to take required mitigation actions earlier, proactively stop the diffusion of the detective products, and hence lower the cost of claim and premium.


Through its industrial applications potential (i.e. drying, stress relief, structural modification for impregnation, bending and surface treatments to enhance coating), microwave processing could offer a powerful materialprocessing tool to wood industry. In order to scale up a microwave process, the development of the exploratory process to production scale has to be performed. This research basically depends on microwave-material interaction understanding. The main effect of microwave-material interaction is the conversion of microwave energy into heat within the material due to the absorption of the electromagnetic energy through the dielectric properties of the material. Wood is a very complex material with poor thermal conductivity and permeability. As a result, under the various industrial microwave processes, temperature within wood may range from 100o to 170oC giving rise to internal wood pressure of up to 7 atm. Variety of methods for measuring the relative complex permittivity has been described in the specialised literature. However, to obtain the dielectric properties of wood which are relevant to microwave heating, measurements at elevated temperatures and pressures have to be performed. Such research has not been undertaken before and requires the design of new equipment. The aim of this paper is to present a specially made device and the appropriate measuring procedure for measuring the dielectric properties of wood under high temperatures and pressures. To measure the dielectric permittivity of wood at microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz and under high temperatures and pressures, the short-circuit line measurement technique was selected due to its well suitability for high temperature measurements. The experimental set-up (Figure 1) consists of a VNA (HP 8720C) system connected to a standard waveguide which for high pressure and temperature convenience was extended with a special designed high-pressure cavity. Used as the sample holder, the cavity was manufactured from stainless steel waveguide with build-in pressure applicator and Pyrex pressure window (transparent to microwave and resistant to 150°C and 5 atm.). The cavity is ended with an attachable fixed short-circuit. The sample temperature is progressively increased by means of an electrical heater placed underneath the sample holder. An immersion probe inserted within the sample detects and reads the temperature. As the measurement aim is to simultaneously perform internal wood temperature and pressure of about 150°C and 5 atm. respectively, air pressure is applied inside the cavity and it is controlled by the pressure gauge. Figure 1: Experimental set-up For such configuration, when a wood sample of a certain thickness, which perfectly fits the sample holder cross section, is placed to the left of the shortcircuit, the VNA system measures the 1-port scattering parameters (which in this case is the reflection coefficient S11). Since the reflectivity at a point within the transmission line is related to the impedance at that point, the procedure used to determine the wood sample permittivity is based on the impedance change caused by the presence of the wood within the rectangular cavity. To solve the final Fiber optic thermometer Specimen holder VNA (HP 8720C) Electrical heater Temperature probe equation (a transcendental equation in the complex plan) which involves the sample length and reflection coefficient and from which the value of permittivity is extracted, a computer program solver was developed. Through its configuration, the solver gives all solutions in a given domain of the complex plane and each solution is obtained within an accuracy of 10. However, since the number of solutions is infinite, one has to make sure that the "right" physical solution for permittivity is one of the numerical solutions obtained. In principle, to peak the physical solution among all the mathematical solutions of the transcendental equation, another sample with a different thickness should be measured. The experience could also point out the physical solution. The method described above is suitable for measuring the dielectric permittivity of wood as long as the calibration of the measuring device includes elements like pressure windows, pumping air holes, etc. However, a special attention has to be directed to the measuring device calibration. Due to the thermal expansion of the pressure cavity components, the initial calibration precision is changing during the measurement process and will directly affect the results accuracy. Several measurements were performed on Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) wood samples with oven dry density of 0.75g/cm and different moisture contents (MCs). First results for permittivity (Fig. 2) were obtained in radial direction and for different temperatures and related pressures. Figure 2: Mountain Ash dielectric parameters at high temperatures and pressures Dielectric Parameters Mountain Ash: ρ0=0.75 g/cm , radial direction -


INTRODUCTION The status of the garter snake on Santa Catalina Island has long been in doubt. Prior to 1974, only two specimens had ever been reported: one, in the California Academy of Sciences collection, from "Avalon" (Fitch 1940); the other, in the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, taken from "Middle Ranch" in 1941. During the ensuing 33 years, no new specimens were reported and the regrettable lack of documentation accompanying the recorded examples gave no additional clues. Even Fitch (1940), after thoroughly describing the single specimen available to him, stated: It seems improbable that an endemic population of garter snakes exists on Santa Catalina Island, and the specimen described above may be an abnormally marked individual brought there from the mainland through human agency. So matters stood for many years, although herpetologists continued to list this species as part of the Santa Catalina Island fauna (Savage' 1967, Stebbins 1966, 1972). On the southern California mainland, the two-striped garter snake (Thamnophis couchi hammondi) is strictly confined to the vicinity of fairly permanent fresh water. While not really rare, populations are generally isolated from one another, occurring along canyon streams in the mountain foothills. Garter snakes were also formerly found in rivers, sloughs, and ponds in valleys and along the coast, but these habitats have been largely destroyed by urbanization. Throughout its range, the two-striped garter snake is thoroughly aquatic. It swims an.d dives well, and, although it may bask at the water's edge, it always takes refuge in the water"';'hen alarmed. As might be expected, its food consists of frogs, tadpoles, small fishes, salamanders, and earthworms. In August 1974, I began a search of possible locations where populations might still occur and made inquiries of various persons fami liar with the natural history ofSanta Catalina Island. Natural permanent bodies of water are few on Santa Catalina. Although a number of manmade ponds and reservoirs have been constructed, I reasoned that if garter snakes were truly native 10 the island, they would have had to occupy one of the natural streams or ponds antedating the first arrival of Europeans. Pursuing the" Avalon" record, I was told that the nearest natural body of water was Echo Lake, a small isolated pond in a valley about 315 m above White's Landing (Fig. I). Whatever Echo Lake once may have been, it has now been grazed barren of vegetation and trampled into a foul, muddy quagmire by goats, bison, and hogs-a totally unsuitable habitat for garter snakes. A. Douglas Propst, then General Manager of the Wrigley holdings on Santa Catalina and now President of the Santa Catalina Island Conservancy, was extremely helpful in pointing OUl the canyons with springs and permanent water, all of which drain the west and southwest slopes of the island. Tbese include Little Springs, Big Springs, Cottonwood, Middle, Fern, Bullrush. and Silver Canyons. Later, Mr. Propst visited several of these with me. While making further


Scholars Portal, a service of the Ontario Council of University Libraries, provides multiple levels of access and preservation to scholarly packages of Ebooks. We have created an in-house custom modification of the Book Interchange Tag Suite (BITS, a sister vocabulary to the Journal Article Tag Suite, JATS) to describe EBooks. A recent strategic decision to host government information has posed several challenges with our BITS modification and required a new in-house schema to accommodate specific metadata requirements posed by the somehow different nature of govinfo content. We'll look at some of these challenges, then examine ways BITS can accommodate metadata that isn't necessarily standard Ebook metadata.


Abstract The paper draws on a conceptual analysis of justice in discussing the power of rational choice justifications of conceptions of justice. It is argued that the concept of justice can be reduced to two independent moral dimensions. From this conceptual thesis a simple conceptional criterion is derived which any powerful theory of justice must satisfy. An attempt is made to use this fundamental criterion in evaluating a wide variety of rational choice theories of justice. It is shown that there is but one variant of the rational choice approach which in substantiating principles of justice does not violate this criterion.


Silver–silver halides (Ag-AgX, X = Cl, Br, I) have emerged as a new type of visible-light photocatalyst for solar-to-chemical transformations. The key to improving the activity of the "plasmonic photocatalyts" is the compatibility of local electric field enhancement (LEFE) and effective utilization of the sunlight as the energy source. A Ag nanoparticle (NP) possesses an intense LEFE effect, while the absorption peak is situated near the blue edge of the visible region. On the other hand, the Au NP has an absorption matching well the solar spectrum, but the LEFE is much smaller than that of a Ag NP. The optical property of a Aux-Ag1–x alloy NP varies between those of Ag and Au NPs depending on the composition x, and thus, Aux-Ag1–x alloy NP-incorporated AgX (Aux-Ag1–x@AgX) can be a promising plasmonic photocatalyst. At the first step, gold ion-doped AgBr NPs are formed on mesoporous TiO2 film by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. At the second step, UV-light irradiation (λ ...


This article arises out of experience teaching Sikhism to undergraduates and critical reflection on professional practice in terms of the representation of Sikhism in scholarship and education. Such experience and reflection reveal that Sikhism tends to be represented in the form of the Khalsa and that the understanding of the Khalsa is modern in character. Hence this article identifies the origins of current orthodoxy in the campaigning activities of Tat Khalsa and identifies how Tat Khalsa style orthodoxy has influenced research and teaching. In so doing, it examines the history of Sikh Studies but especially the debate surrounding Hew McLeod which shows how controversial it is to challenge the consensus. It also reviews school textbooks and school and examination syllabuses in order to demonstrate a pro-Khalsa bias. This article concludes by setting out how research and teaching can provide a fuller and fairer picture of Sikhism by taking seriously diversity and plurality, for example, by the inclusion of other movements and popular practice.


Data from the Ministry of Cooperative, UMKM, and UB (Large Enterprises )in 2018 shows an increase in the number of MSMEs with a proportion of 0,98% of 64.199.60,6 and in 2019 it has grown to 65.471.134. The increased number of  MSMEs is the reason for the importance marketing strategies by MSMEs too penetrate more and more market competition. This study aims to analyze the internal and external factors that influence the business development strategy in MSME SHE'S Kitchen using the SOAR (Strength, Opportunities, Aspiration, and Result and BMC (Business Model Canvas) Methods of strategic planning that identifies and analyze a strength an opportunity so that it can produce aspirations, goals, strategies, and commitment to get the resulting desire by the company. In addition, this research also aims to provide BMC tourism as well as appropriate business transformation designs to be developed in SHE'S Kitchen UMKM. The result of this study obtained 10 alternative strategies based on SOAR matrix analysis and there were additional 6 BMC Strategy components, namely key resources, value propositions, customer relationships, customer segments, and revenue streams.


Evidence of poor academic achievement of senior secondary school students abounds in literature and can be seen in the rate of failure of students in the national examinations organised by WAEC, NECO and JAMB. Achievement is likely to be enhanced if students are engaged. Student engagement, which is the students' psychological investment in an effort directed towards learning, understanding or mastering the knowledge, skills or crafts that academic work is intended to promote, has been identified as one of the few factors that consistently and positively influence educational outcomes for adolescents. The more engaged a student is, the better he performs at school. The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of engagement of students with their cognitive (academic) achievement in Economics in secondary schools in Anambra State. Guided by three research questions and three hypotheses, the study adopted a correlation Survey Design. The population for the study comprised 4,937 students of senior secondary schools in Anambra State. Out of this, a sample size of 200 students in 10 boys' schools and 10 girls' schools was taken. The Student Engagement Questionnaire (SEQ), measuring the three engagement types and as well as Economics Achievement Test (EAT) were used for data collection. The reliability index was determined using Factor Analysis. Data were collected and analyzed using aggregate scores and mean to answer the research questions and the regression analysis to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed among others that there is a high engagement among senior secondary school students in the state. Since the three engagement types had mean scores above 2.50, it is therefore concluded that the more engaged a student is, the better he/she achieves in school. Out of the three engagement types measured, the students reported moderate in cognitive but high in behavioural and emotional engagements. One can therefore conclude that moderate engagement may be sufficient for a good academic achievement. It was thus recommended among others that a campaign which focuses on the importance of school and the consequences of disengagement from school be carried out regularly by the government agencies and other stakeholders in education. If students can be made to see the link between working hard at school and being successful in life, engagement levels will be significantly raised and academic achievement be greatly enhanced.


Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is a rare hypersensitivity reaction to drugs, characterised by widespread erythema, full-thickness epidermal necrosis with mucosal involvement, and extensive apoptosis. It is a dermatological emergency and can be lethal if not promptly treated. The use of steroids in managing TEN is controversial since no gold standard therapy exists. However, a single dose of subcutaneous injection of Etanercept (a Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor) at a dosage of 50 mg has shown promise in preventing mortality and reducing hospital stay. The authors present a case series of six TEN patients, out of which three received a single dose of Etanercept injection. All patients who received Etanercept showed a positive response, achieving complete re-epithelialisation with a median healing time of nine days. In conclusion, injection of Etanercept, a TNF-α inhibitor, effectively inhibits Fas-Fas ligand activation, thus preventing apoptosis and extensive necrosis.


Abstract Two terrestrial brachyuran grapsid crabs are recorded from the Taveuni Is. in the Fiji group: Sesarma (Sesarmops) impressum, and Geograpsus crinipes. These new records, plus previous records of grapsid crabs (S. (Parasesarma) lenzii, S. (P.) leptosoma, S. (Labuanium) rotundatum, S. (Neosarmatium) smithii, S. (Labuartium) trapezoideum, S. (Perisesarma) bidens, Geograpsus grayi, Varuna litterata) and the gecarcinid crabs (Cardisoma longipes, C. carnifex, C. hirtipes and Gecarcoidea lalandii), bring the total known Fiji fauna to fourteen species. Further collecting is likely to reveal many more species.


During the past 40 years many investigators have contributed to the development of modern fluid therapy. However, Gamble did more to bring the various ideas into a coherent picture of the behavior of body water and electrolytes than anyone. He was responsible for many of the fundamental concepts. His way of looking at extracellular fluids was his great contribution and provides the basis for modern fluid therapy. He was one of the greatest medical writers, showing a rare ability of expressing his ideas in words and a superb facility in designing appropriate diagrams to illustrate complex relationships. Nevertheless, recent medical students are often confused by the meanings of the terms, acid and base, in his papers and have difficulty in following his description of the regulation of acid-base equilibrium. The confusion is understandable because acid and base are defined by Lowry1 and Bronsted2 in a way that gives these terms an almost opposite meaning. However, present definitions do not indicate that these terms were incorrectly used in the past. Words often take on new meanings—even completely contrary ones. Until very recently, practically all medical writers discussed body water and electrolytes using the same terminology and concepts as Gamble. Much will be lost to modern medicine if the original papers of this period are considered misleading or incomprehensible owing to a difference in terminology. For this reason it is important to re-examine the basis of fluid therapy as developed by Gamble in the light of contemporary chemical concepts and terminology. When Gamble started his life work in 1910, the essential basis for our understanding of the behavior of solutions of electrolytes was established.


Abstract Changes in population and family structures are altering the provision of care for dependent older people. In Southern European countries like Spain, such care is still largely provided by family, typically spouses and adult daughters. However, an increasing proportion of women have entered the labour force, thereby affecting their availability. To study the demand and supply balance of informal care and to quantify the need for formal care when there is a deficit, we have developed a mixed microsimulation–agent-based model (ABM). Based on nuptiality, fertility and mortality levels of cohorts born at ten-year intervals between 1908 and 1968, the model starts with a microsimulation of the lifecycle of individuals and their close relatives until death. The ABM then determines the amount of time available or needed to care for family members, starting from age 50. Estimates are derived from Spanish survey data on employment, disability and time of care received. Surprisingly, results show that the family care deficit was greater in the older cohorts due to higher mortality and thus a greater impact of widowhood. However, for future elderly persons, we foresee that persistent below-replacement fertility and, paradoxically, the prolongation of the lifespan of couples will increase the demand for formal care as there will be more couples with both members incapacitated but without children to take care of them.


Youth centers both develop youths' sense of citizenship and their social integration and discourage their delinquency. These centers, numerous in Hong Kong, provide essential social services for youths. Promoting youths' continuous participation in youth centers is, therefore, a recurrent issue in Hong Kong. A model—the sequential specificity model—appears to be useful in addressing this goal. This model differentiates the sequence of participation and the corresponding specific and nonspecific determinants. Knowledge and the attitude toward youth center services are specific determinants hypothesized to affect participants' participation intention more strongly than nonparticipants'. Analysis of data from a sample of 1,755 high school students in Hong Kong supports this hypothesis.


Let $\Gamma$ be a countable group acting on a countable set $X$ by permutations. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the action to have a quasi-invariant mean with a given cocycle. This can be viewed as a combinatorial analogue of the condition for the existence of a quasi-invariant measure in the Borel case given by Miller. Then we show a geometric condition that guarantees that the corresponding action on the Stone-\v{C}ech compactification is Zimmer amenable. The geometric condition (weighted hyperfiniteness) resembles Property A. We do not know the exact relation between the two notions, however, we can show that amenable groups and groups of finite asymptotic dimension are weighted hyperfinite.


Aim: Percutaneus coronary intervention (PCI) is recommended as the first choice in saphenous vein graft (SVG) occlusions because of the high mortality linked with repeated coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG). We observed percutaneous interventions performed in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a CABG history in terms of both shortand long-term efficacy and safety. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively at a single center. In total, 95 patients with a CABG history who were admitted to our hospital with an AMI and received PCI were included in the study. Results: In-hospital deaths occurred in 4 (4.2%) patients, 30-day major adverse cardiac event (MACE) were present in 8 (8.4%) patients, and 6 (6.3%) patients experienced firstyear target vessel revascularization (TVR). A significant difference was not observed in in-hospital death, 30-days MACE, 1-year TVR and 1-year MACE rates among the patient groups who had PCI in the graft vessel or native vessel. Conclusion: Our study revealed that a significant difference was not present in terms of MACE in the intervention of SVGs or native coronary arteries. Diabetes mellitus (DM) should be kept in mind as a predictive factor.


To describe indicators of health and well‐being for New Zealand secondary school students; explore changes between 2001, 2007 and 2012; and compare these findings to international estimates.


Objective: To explore the relationship of general self-efficacy,coping styles and mental health.Methods: The General Self-efficacy Scale,Coping Style Questionnaire and SCL-90 were administered to 598 freshmen who came from earthquake-stricken areas with questionnaire study.Results: There were significant correlations among general self-efficacy,coping styles and mental health(P0.05 or P0.001);General self-efficacy of freshmen who came from earthquake-stricken areas could not only predict mental health directly,but also by the mediating role of positive coping styles in directly.Conclusion: Coping styles is a partial intermediary factor between general self-efficacy and mental health in freshmen who came from earthquake-stricken areas.


The first demonstration of a new S-shaped single-mode fiber loop resonator is presented. The S-shaped fiber loop resonator is made with a nonplanar 3 × 3 fiber directional coupler and two fiber delay lines. Expressions for the circulating (resonant) fields and the transmitted and reflected output fields are derived. Theoretical and experimental results show that this fiber loop resonator may have potential applications as a spectral filter and a closely spaced two-channel wavelength division multi/demultiplexer.


The political civilization of contemporary China is defined as "political emancipation aimed at human liberation".This is not only a theoretical definition,but also the needs of the development of practical social life.The issue of basic civil rights is an internal aspect of the market economy system.To protect the basic civil rights means to maintain the integrity and perfection of the marketing economic system.This is exactly the core idea of political emancipation under circumstances of a basic system of socialism.The problem of polarization between the rich and the poor is highly correlated to the operation of marketing mechanism.The solution to this problem is closely related to the fundamental nature of socialist society and its ultimate value.This is the crucial difference between socialist political civilization and capitalist political civilization.


Project supported by: A program of the OMAFRA-U of G H ow can you use this research? Researching the growing characteristics of vines is important for winemakers. It helps understand how to grow better fruit and how the growing characteristics affect the wine produced. This research looked at vine water status – either high or low. Vine water status had a major impact on vine size, berry weight and wine sensory characteristics. W hat you need to know:


The medical assistant will find it easier to deal with emotionally disturbed patients if she keeps in mind the reasons behind their irrational behavior. Warmth, courtesy and friendliness are correct and necessary; anger, curtness and rudeness are never justified. Intuition, tact and judgment must be exercised, particularly in conversations on the telephone.


I T ' is only recently that the part played by Sir Edmund Head in preparing the way for confederation has received due recognition from historians. The investigations of Professor Chester Martin, x and Dr. W. M. Whitelaw 2 in particular have now shown, however, that Head deserves credit as one of the ablest thinkers on the subject of British North American union during the 1850's when it first began to emerge into the realm of practical politics. As we trace his activity throughout the decade, we note immediately that it falls into two periods, separated by a gap of some four years. The first, while he was lieutenantgovernor of New Brunswick, lasted until 1852. At that time the central feature of all plans for uniting British North America was the building of an Intercolonial Railway to act as a band of steel drawing the provinces together. When the railway negotiations ended in a fiasco, hope of union had to be abandoned. It was not until two years after his appointment as governorgeneral of Canada that Head again drew attention to the subject. Then, on September 3, 1856, he wrote a private and confidential despatch to the colonial secretary, Henry Labouchere, beginning as follows:


Already by Pindar's day the term 'Boeotian pig' was an old reproach, and indeed Boeotia was 'a slow canton, as the nimble Attics would say, a glorious climate for eels, but a bad air for brains.' My choice of title does not, however, stop there. Anyone brought up in Scotland or in the north of England will know the word 'pig' in another meaning than the usual, will know it as a pot, a jar, a crock, and the use of this meaning in the phrase 'Pig and Whistle' is perhaps more widely known. Porcelain also establishes a connexion between pigs and pottery. Boeotian pottery is the Cinderella of the local schools, offering few of the usual attractive groups and classes of work which distinguish most other centres, and much of the potting and painting done in Boeotia is indeed poor or mediocre. It has, however, an interest of its own which makes it worth looking at—the interest one can take in seeing first-rate work copied and adapted for local use and in noting the influence of more brilliant craftsmen on their less well-endowed neighbours. Part of the trouble with looking at Boeotia is that we see Greek pottery through the eyes of Athens; we have come to judge Greek work by the standard of Athens and to consider that a different approach means necessarily an incompetent attempt at mimicking Athenian work. In many cases this is so, for the influence of Attic work on the less original centres was widespread and rarely good. Occasionally a Boeotian artist produced work which rivals Attic, but this is uncommon, and it is more likely that such an artist was an immigrant Athenian. We may also run into the danger of regarding 'Boeotian' as having the same range in meaning as 'Athenian', whereas we are really dealing with different local centres, e.g. Thebes, Tanagra, Coroneia, Thespiai. Thus we must not expect a continuous tradition of development along a single line, and this makes dating hazardous. Boeotian artists did produce local work which is distinctive, and they used the basic techniques of black-figure and red-figure in ways and combinations different from their neighbours; they also had their own variations with added white and purple. For shapes too they preferred a slightly different range and their own local variations.


Because damage identification results based on the Lamb waves propagation approach can be influenced by varying environmental and operational conditions, development of a robust monitoring system with no need of the prior measured data of the structure has gained much attention recently. The instantaneous baseline damage detection technique is one of the promising methods that overcome the mentioned obstacles. For this, the material properties, electromechanical characteristics, and the geometric features must be identical. Also, sensor distances in similar paths and the geometric dimensions of the transducers must be the same. So, implementing the instantaneous baseline damage identification in complex structures is rather complicated due to the inherent non‐homogeneities involved. To ease the complexity, this article proposes a semi‐instantaneous baseline damage identification approach by modifying an existing instantaneous baseline method. This is used to detect and characterize fatigue cracks that initiate around the rivet holes of lap joint structures. In this method, an active sensing network is mounted on the lap joint, and a robust and effective feature called energy ratio change is extracted from the collected time‐domain signals using the wavelet transform. The introduced "identicality coefficient" for all the sensing paths in pristine condition of the structure is obtained and used to remove any inequalities that may occur to the signals of each path. The obtained results show that the proposed method can detect fatigue cracks around the lap joint rivet holes and estimate the crack size. An experiment as well as numerical simulations is performed to verify the method.


Background: The twinning programme, an international collaborative education system with credit transfer scheme, is growing increasingly. Aims: To determine the association between academic banding classification on admission and the end-point academic achievement and to identify predictor(s) for the end-point academic achievement in the twinning programme. Method: A descriptive analysis of the database of 546 students in the twinning programme (2003-2007). Results: A significant positive association was found between the students' banding classification on admission to the admiss ion university, International Medical University and their award on the first attempt at the degree-awarding university, University Strathclyde (UoS) in the United Kingdom ( r = .113, p = 0.009). The credit-mark average from semester 1 through semester 5 in the admission university was the only significant predictor of the likelihood of end-point success in the twining programme (Odds ratio, 3.9; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The academic performance in the pre-university institution and the admission institution were crucial for subsequent success in the twinning programme.


The authors study a generalized thin film equation. Under some assumptions on the initial value, the existence of weak solutions is established by the time-discrete method. The uniqueness and asymptotic behavior of solutions are also discussed.


In the Capacitated Facility Location Problem (CFLP) the goal is to optimally place facilities at the vertices of a transportation network graph in order to minimize the total facility opening and transportation costs while considering additional restrictions on the facility capacities. The general problem is NP-hard. In this paper we study a special case of the CFLP, where the input transportation network graph is a line graph. We show how to improve the running-time of the best known pseudopolynomial-time algorithm for the CFLP on a line graph from [Mirchandani et al., 1996] by one order.


Responses from 1452 of 3827 members of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL) surveyed in 1979 were compared with a 1976 AAGL survey to determine U.S. trends in laparoscopy. Responses showed that from 1976-1979 use of unipolar coagulation decreased from 63% to 30%, bipolar coagulation use increased from 20% to 43%, ring use increased from 16% to 24%, and clip use increased from 1% to 3%. Bipolar coagulation will probably completely replace the unipolar method because of greater safety, i.e., avoidance of a high voltage current needing to seek ground through the body. The 1979 data for ectopic pregnancies following sterilization could not be compared with 1976, but the 1979 data show that the rate of ectopic to total pregnancies exceeded 40% for each of the more destructive methods (both unipolar coagulation methods and bipolar, coagulation, and division). The rate of ectopic pregnancies to total pregnancies for the less destructive methods ranged from 4% (spring clip) to 29% (bipolar, coagulation only). The ratio of reversal requests (3613) to the number of sterilizations performed (88,986) in 1979 is approximately 2% higher than that in 1976. Complication and mortality rates following laparoscopic sterilization and diagnosis have dropped from 2.7 complications/1000 sterilizations in 1976 to 1.8/1000 in 1979, from 5.4 complications/1000 diagnostic procedures to 2.6/1000 in 1979, and from 4 deaths/100,000 sterilizations in 1976 to 2/100,000 in 1979. No deaths from laparoscopic diagnosis were reported in either survey. An editorial note by Richard Soderstrom points out that without data on the time interval between sterilization and pregnancy, comparisons of pregnancy rates between the older and newer methods are not valid.


Empirical evidence, obtained from nonparametric estimation of the income distribution, exhibits strong heterogeneity in most populations of interest. It is common, therefore, to suspect that the population is composed of several homogeneous sub-populations. Such an assumption leads us to consider mixed income distributions whose components feature the distributions of the incomes of a particular homogeneous subpopulation. A model with mixing probabilities that are allowed to vary with exogenous individual variables that characterize each subpopulation is developed. This model simultaneously provides a flexible estimation of the income distribution, a breakdown into several subpopulations and an explanation of income heterogeneity.


This letter presents a hybrid real-time camera pose estimation framework with a novel partitioning scheme and introduces motion averaging to monocular Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems. Breaking through the limitations of fixed-size temporal partitioning in many conventional SLAM pipelines, our approach significantly improves the accuracy of local bundle adjustment by gathering spatially-strongly-connected cameras into each block. With the dynamic initialization using intermediate computation values, we improve the Levenberg-Marquardt solver to further enhance the efficiency of the local optimization. Moreover, the dense data association between blocks by our co-visibility-based partitioning enables us to explore and implement motion averaging to efficiently align the blocks globally, updating camera motion estimations on-the-fly. Experiments on benchmarks convincingly demonstrate the practicality and robustness of our proposed approach by significantly outperforming conventional approaches.


Digital platforms, such as social commerce websites, allow users to buy, interact and socialize anytime and anywhere. In this environment, users' experience and purchase decision-making process is impacted by the online information of the websites, most part of it generated and shared by other users. Therefore, online consumer reviews (OCR) have a valence –positive, negative or neutral– based on users' experience. According to Emotional Contagion theory, states of mood can be transferred from one person to the other. Hence, users' previous experiences through OCR valence could affect other users' states of mind. With the purpose of boosting positive optimal experiences based on Flow theory, this research main objective is to analyze how OCR valence (mainly positive, mainly negative, balanced valence and neutral OCR) can lead to different states of mind (boredom, anxiety, flow and apathy). This research is split into two studies. Study 1, through a qualitative research, explores users' perceptions and utilization of OCR, helping to design study 2. Study 2 presents an experiment-based neurological research recording brain electrical activity with electroencephalogram (EEG). Currently, data analysis is in progress.


After the murders of three preschool children in the space of a few weeks, Israel's government is to seek better ways to monitor children between the time they finish getting their vaccinations before the age of 2 years and their entry into kindergarten at 5 or school at 6. The mothers of two of the children have been charged with the children's murder, while the grandfather of a third has been arrested and is expected to be charged this week.

Israeli children are not bound by law to …


Heatwave events are expected to become more frequent and intense in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the future. However, our knowledge of the impacts of these extreme temperature events on ecosystem functions is still limited. We investigated the responses of ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP) to heatwaves for nine sites encompassing a wide variety of ecosystem types with long-term (i.e., >7 years) flux and meteorological observations at northern mid-latitudes. Our results showed that GPP was depressed during heatwaves for most ecosystems except the C4 sites. The evaporative stress index (ESI) was the primary variable responsible for the changes in GPP during heatwaves across the nine ecosystems. Furthermore, forest ecosystems were more resistant and resilient to heatwaves than other ecosystems. Additionally, the asymmetric diurnal pattern of GPP in forest ecosystems was attributed to xylem refilling and high water storage capacity, indicating that GPP was more sensitive to heatwaves in the afternoon. Interestingly, C4 herbaceous ecosystems could promote canopy stomatal conductance (Gc) for avoiding leaf burn and tissue damage during heatwaves. The herbaceous ecosystems had weaker stomatal control on water loss during heatwaves and were more vulnerable to heatwaves owing to the water stress afterwards. This research highlighted the importance of ecosystem type and plant functional type in determining the responses of photosynthesis to heatwaves. Understanding the post-effect after heatwaves is also vital for comprehensively assessing the impacts of heatwaves on ecosystem functions.


Sympathetic critics of the world-systems perspective have emphasized the power of local conflict and culture to shape global structures. The critique has nevertheless left the main features of the global structural model intact. Two alternative approaches— institutional analysis and postcolonial cultural theory—offer important insights into how we might push the critique further. These alternative approaches, however, en-counter some similar theoretical problems: in particular, persistent analytical splits between global and local forces and between culture and economy. Analysis of these problems leads to an outline and discussion of a fourth approach: institutional world history.


Analysis of gate control circuits by an operator method and description of external actions by unit step functions in the open switch interval allow to estimate transient processes in the whole time domain. It is shown, that transient processes in voltage gate control systems depend on thyristor making angle.


(1854). XIV. On the action of alkalies on rocks. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 7, No. 43, pp. 100-101.


Selecting a small subset out of the thousands of genes in microarray data is important for accurate classification of phenotypes. In this paper, we propose a flexible rank-based nonparametric procedure for gene selection from microarray data. In the method we propose a statistic for testing whether area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for each gene is equal to 0.5 allowing different variance for each gene. The contribution to this "single gene" statistic is the studentization of the empirical AUC, which takes into account the variances associated with each gene in the experiment. Delong et al. proposed a nonparametric procedure for calculating a consistent variance estimator of the AUC. We use their variance estimation technique to get a test statistic, and we focus on the primary step in the gene selection process, namely, the ranking of genes with respect to a statistical measure of differential expression. Two real datasets are analyzed to illustrate the methods and a simulation study is carried out to assess the relative performance of different statistical gene ranking measures. The work includes how to use the variance information to produce a list of significant targets and assess differential gene expressions under two conditions. The proposed method does not involve complicated formulas and does not require advanced programming skills. We conclude that the proposed methods offer useful analytical tools for identifying differentially expressed genes for further biological and clinical analysis.


The paper points out the signification of feature based CAD system for the integration of CAD/CAPP/CAM;researches the developing methods and approaches of feature based CAD system; illustrates the classification of boxy parts'manufacturing feature and the approach of information representation


A novel bio-inspired optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper namely barnacles mating optimizer (BMO) algorithm. The main inspiration of BMO is originated from the mating behavior of barnacles in nature. Barnacles are hermaphroditic micro-organisms which have both male and female sex reproductions. To create new off-springs, they must be fertilized by a neighbor. They are well-known for their long penises, about seven times the length of their bodies to cope with the changing tides and sedentary lifestyle. In BMO, the selection of barnacle's parents is decided randomly by the length of barnacle's penis to create new off-springs. The exploitation and exploration processes are the generation of new off-springs inspired by the Hardy-Weinberg principle and sperm cast situation, respectively. The effectiveness of proposed BMO is tested through a set of benchmark multi-dimensional functions which the global and local minimum are known. Comparisons with other recent algorithms also will be presented in this paper.


Countries in Southeast Asia for the purposes of this case study include Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Th ailand, and Vietnam. Rice, oil palm, and maize are the three most important agricultural crops in the region (Figure 1) (FAO, 2007). Th ese three crops account for 75-80% of the fertilizer consumption in Southeast Asia. Rice production increased slightly from 162 million metric tonnes (Mt) in 2004 to 167 Mt in 2005. Maize production increased slightly from 25.7 Mt in 2004 to 26.2 Mt in 2005. Maize is also expected to gain further importance because of a high demand for animal feeds in the region and beyond. Oil palm fruit bunch production has increased sharply with an average growth rate of 13% during the 10-year period 1996-2005. Th e total oil palm fruit bunch production increased from 136 Mt in 2004 to 145 Mt in 2005. Indonesia is the top producer of maize and rice among the eight Southeast Asian countries (FAO, 2007). In 2005, rice production was 54 Mt and maize production was 12 Mt in Indonesia. Malaysia and Indonesia dominated the oil palm sector with a production in 2005 of 76 Mt in Malaysia and 64 Mt in Indonesia (FAO, 2007).


The present invention includes a first user interface (UI) display module for displaying the medical chart page containing selectable items related to patient management, discloses a system for sample analysis and medical data acquisition for patient management. The first UI display module displays a set of medical delivery system associated with the medical delivery options selectable items, one of the medical delivery system is selected from among them. The system, in order to display the parameter field for entering operation data associated with the selected medical delivery system, including a second UI display module in communication with the first UI display module. Medical data, depending configured analyzers to perform an analysis of the sample from the patient, is obtained from the patient. Medical data is analyzed according to the input operation data. The system for displaying the sample analysis results, including an analysis display module in communication with at least a first UI display module.


THE BLACK LAW JOURNAL The delivery of legal services to black people must ultimately be de- fined and controlled by the black community. Accordingly, it is incumbent upon black lawyers in the 1980's also to create institutions designed to de- liver legal services in a manner which would impart power to black people. By definition, lawyering of this nature cannot be delivered through the tradi- tional vehicles of the solo practice or litigation-oriented law firm. New structures must be designed, utilizing and combining the expertise of legal and nonlegal personnel such as economists, architects and community or- ganizers. In light of this, black law students should not limit their legal edu- cation to the study of law, but should also acquaint themselves with other related disciplines. There is an unpleasant irony about recognizing the need to build at a time in our history when our existing resources are declining and our past gains are under attack. However, our struggle has never been easy and per- haps our current desperation will lend us the courage to question past as- sumptions and engage in more creative solutions. If it does we must develop not only a new collective direction towards building independent institu- tions, but there must also be new community minded and highly skilled black lawyers to help pave the way. TWO-WAY VISION Gilbert Ware Look Back and Be Proud, Look Ahead and Achieve Poster Enid Bas Library St. Thomas, V.I. When I think about history, I think about parenthood. Often the acknowledgment of parenthood is an exercise in braggadocio rather than an acceptance of responsibility. One result is the constant human condition that stimulated Albert Camus' plea. Camus says, [plerhaps we cannot prevent this from being a world in which children are tortured. But we can reduce the number of tortured chil- dren. And if you don't help us, who else in the world can help us do this? ' When I think about black judicial history, I substitute people for children, restrict we and you to Afro-Americans who are or aspire to be lawyers, and pray that they respond favorably to the altered-but, I hope, unadulterated-plea from Albert Camus. Judge William H. Hastie offers very sound logic with regard to black judicial history. Judge Hastie states, [slomeone has written that whom the gods would destroy they first deprive of a sense of history. I think this is true. For history informs us of past mistakes from which we can learn with- 1. R.F. KENNEDY, Dedication, To SEEK A NEWER WORLD (1967).


A survey of Pythium spp. from carrot-growing regions of Australia showed that P. sulcatum was the most common pathogenic species and occurred in all Australian states. It was isolated from carrots with a range of symptoms including cavity spot, and brown, discoloured, forked or hairy roots. Hordeum murinum P. violae was also isolated from tissue with cavity spot symptoms, but only from South Australia and from properties along the Murray River in Victoria. All P. violae isolates tested were pathogenic. This is the first record of P. violae from Australian carrots. Some isolates of P. irregulare, P. ultimum, Pythium HS-group and Pythium 'D' were also pathogenic in in vitro tests. RAPD analysis of a subset of Australian P. sulcatum isolates showed that they clustered into two clades. The type and isotype formed a third clade. Isolates from Tasmania were in clade 1, isolates from Queensland and southern Victoria were in clade 2; isolates from New South Wales, Western Australia and the Murray River basin were in both clades. Comparisons between RAPD clades showed that isolates differed in growth rate and oospore diameter but not in oogonium diameter. Australian isolates of P. sulcatum are plerotic, whereas the type is aplerotic. The restricted host range of P. sulcatum, its genetic diversity, together with the small number of sites where carrots are grown, indicate that it may be a pathogen of native Apiaceae that has become a pathogen of carrots.


This study describes and evaluates the methods developed for the module for the analysis of problems of the closed subject system of answers to questions for the Kazakh language. Question analysis is one of the most important components of a quality control system to obtain the information needed to determine what is being asked and how to answer it. Therefore, we propose new methods of problem analysis in two main problems, namely rule-based and hidden Markov model based on the integration of systematic classification, focus extraction and question classifiers, both of which depend on the relationship between words in the problem. uses the ratio. It also compares these solutions with basic models. This study also manually presents the gold standard aggregated and annotated data for further research in this area.


A new species of Rustia from Ecuador (Esmeraldas Province), R. bilsana, is described and illustrated. The new species is represented by trees endemic to the cloud forests of northwestern Ecuador, and is easily recognizable by having floral buds pointed at the apex, capsules widely obovoid, inflorescences 16-26 cm long, and purple corollas. RESUMEN. Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Rustia del Ecuador (Provincia de Esmeraldas), R. bilsana. La nueva especie esti representada por grboles endamicos de los bosques nublados del Noroeste del Ecuador, y es fcilmente distinguible por sus botones florales agudos, cipsulas anchamente obovoides, inflorescencias 16-26 cm de largo y corolas color pdirpura. Rustia is a genus of approximately 14 species of shrubs and trees, ranging from Costa Rica to southern Brazil. This genus is unique in having terminally poricidal anthers and pellucid-punctate leaves. Its sister genus, Tresanthera, is represented by trees endemic to the coastal forests of Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago; it also has pellucid-punctate leaves but has laterally poricidal anthers. A full monographic treatment of Rustia is given by Delprete (in press-1999), and an account of the species present in Ecuador has been prepared by Delprete (1998). Rustia and Tresanthera have traditionally been placed in the tribe Condamineeae, but this tribe has been shown to be paraphyletic (Delprete, 1996b), and both genera are included in the tentatively delimited tribe Rondeletieae (Delprete, 1996b). Ecuador has the highest number of species of Rustia (6 out of a total of 14), representing the center of diversity for this genus. The high degree of biodiversity in Ecuador is correlated with the varied vegetational zones present in the country, the adaptation of the species to certain ecological niches, and the latitude being near the equator. In the case of Rustia, one species (R. occidentalis (Bentham) Hemsley) is a shrub endemic to coastal swamps, two are trees found in the wet forests of the western slopes of the Andes (R. alba Delprete from Carci Province and R. bilsana Delprete described below, from Esmeralda Province) and the remaining three (R. schunkeana Delprete, R. viridflora Delprete, and R. rubra Standley ex D. Simpson) are trees occurring on the forested slopes of the Amazonian region. During routine identification of Rubiaceae from Ecuador, while I was still a doctoral student at the University of Texas at Austin in fall 1995, a specimen (Clark, Bass & Pitman 139) of Rustia caught my attention. It was collected at the Bilsa Biological Station, and it was clearly an undescribed species of this genus. Several other species of Rustia occurring in Ecuador have recently been described (Delprete, 1995, 1996a), and the taxonomic position of the genus has been analyzed (Delprete, 1996b). The only specimen (Clark et al. 139) known to me in fall 1995 had inflorescences with only a few old flowers and immature fruits. One year later, John Clark returned to the original site in order to provide complete herbarium specimens (Clark 2979), pickled flowers for morphological studies, and photographs (see Fig. 2). The new species is still known only from the Bilsa Biological Station. The Bilsa Biological Station is a nature preserve of approximately 2500 ha, with an altitudinal range from 300 to 800 m and is located in the Mache Mountains portion of the northwestern province of Esmeraldas. Bilsa was founded in 1994 by the Jatun Sacha Foundation in memory of the late biologists Al Gentry (botanist) and Ted Parker (ornithologist), who died in an airplane crash in the Ecuadorian mountains. This reserve represents one of the few remnant patches of premontane wet forest in northwestern South America, of which less than 1% remains. This premontane forest ecosystem is extremely endangered and quickly disappearing due to farming practices and indiscriminate logging. The Bilsa reserve houses a unique composition of flora and fauna, with elements related to both the coastal rainforest of Colombian Choc6 Province and Andean cloud forests, and many of i s species are rare or still unknown to science. The NovoN 8: 231-234. 1998. This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Sun, 04 Jun 2017 17:46:04 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


his Anatolian home, so far as I know, he is [possibly, but not certainly] mentioned on one Lydian-Greek inscription. This fact calls for explanation, and the following explanation may be offered. The old name of the god, the name of power, was used by speakers of the native languages; by speakers of Greek it was used only in the mysteries. This was in itself a reason for its suppression on public monuments; a further reason for the use of Greek divine names in the public and official cult (the one almost exclusively represented in epigraphy) is that Greek was the official language of the cities of Asia Minor and the language of all educated people. The Lydian inscription referred to above [if it mentions Attis] mentions Attis in connexion with the mysteries. That the god who is called Men (which in this connexion may be classed with Greek names) in Greek dedications and curse-formulae in Phrygia continued to be called Attis by those who used the Phrygian language is definitely proved by the Neo-Phrygian inscriptions, in many of which the violator of the tomb is devoted to Attis—Attie tetikmenos eitou. Readers of Demosthenes will remember his description (in the De Corona, § 260) of the Phrygian mysteries as practised at Athens, in which the initiate is said to dance to the refrain " Hyes Attes Attes Hyes"; this contemptuous description is of value as showing that in one case the native Anatolian name of a god was invoked in the mysteries. From this instance we may confidently deduce the general practice.'


Evaluating Pre-Treatment IMRT & VMAT QA Techniques Quantitatively Using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Analysis by Allison Lorraine Mitchell Graduate Program in Medical Physics Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Justus Adamson, Supervisor ___________________________ Mark Oldham, Chair ___________________________ Robert Reiman An abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Graduate Program in Medical Physics in the Graduate School of Duke University 2013 Copyright by Allison Lorraine Mitchell 2013


Background: Green spaces are reported to improve health status, including beneficial effects on pregnancy outcomes. Despite the suggestions of air pollution–related health benefits of green spaces, there is no available evidence on the impact of greenness on personal exposure to air pollution. Objectives: We investigated the association between surrounding greenness and personal exposure to air pollution among pregnant women and to explore the potential mechanisms, if any, behind this association. Methods: In total, 65 rounds of sampling were carried out for 54 pregnant women who resided in Barcelona during 2008–2009. Each round consisted of a 2-day measurement of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and a 1-week measurement of nitric oxides collected simultaneously at both the personal and microenvironmental levels. The study participants were also asked to fill out a time–microenvironment–activity diary during the sampling period. We used satellite retrievals to determine the surrounding greenness as the average of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in a buffer of 100 m around each maternal residential address. We estimated the impact of surrounding greenness on personal exposure levels, home-outdoor and home-indoor pollutant levels, and maternal time-activity. Results: Higher residential surrounding greenness was associated with lower personal, home-indoor, and home-outdoor PM2.5 levels, and more time spent at home-outdoor. Conclusions: We found lower levels of personal exposure to air pollution among pregnant women residing in greener areas. This finding may be partly explained by lower home-indoor pollutant levels and more time spent in less polluted home-outdoor environment by pregnant women in greener areas.


The article covers the study of the influence of quartziferous additives on composition, structure of neo-crystallization and hydration of clinker minerals. It has been proven that adding chalk into composite binder composition creates conditions for the formation of a cement stone at the microand nanoscale and shows some activity (hydraulic or pozzolanic) increasing the total content of new formations in the hardening binder. High Reaction Activity of Nano-Size Phase of Silica Composite Binder Evgenii Glagolev, Liudmila Suleimanova and Valerii Lesovik Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shoukhov, Belgorod, RUSSIA


A new species of sand fly, Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) falcaorum is described from an amber originated from the northern mountain range of Dominican Republic. The male sand fly specimen is well preserved and most features used in Phlebotominae taxonomy are seen with remarkable clarity.


That Jia Jing、long qing years,swells up celebrates 50,is that the bright dynasty marches from flourishing age to waning turning point.Song Jiang scholar expecting that in this period of time who lives,spirit although still,the poem liquor responsory,can of musical instrument observe a bend,do sightseeing among hills and up and down rivers,usually some history of scholar misery consciousness and intense reality show solicitude,the yoke using their unconventional history difficult to.To such an extent even their heart worries about land under heaven,attain practical use after the world.The body is served in the court and the commonalty,in the country;The leisure place province in the countryside,brings benefit to in one's native place.At the same time,their hobby collection of books,the family hide ten thousand roll,the bodies such as peeping at anything,writing to such an extent as learned and capable after the history subset,tripod cauldron Yi nationality painting and calligraphy.Later,Dong Qichang paintings,science master Xu Guang qi,Famous poems Chen Zi long,Ancient rare child in their respective fields on the shoulders peak,as if one finally bright pearl shining through the ages,and writing in the Ming Dynasty of Songjiang brilliant.


The Mercury Reduction Project for the Greater Milwaukee Area is a joint effort of the Pollution Prevention Partnership, Milwaukee Metropolitan Seweage District (MMSD) and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Estimates of the amounts of mercury present, used and/or annually released to air, land and water within the MMSD service area are provided for 25 source sectors. This 420 square mile area (including Milwaukee County and parts of Waukesha, Racine, Ozaukee and Washington Counties) is home to just over 1 million people. The tables and figures summarize the relative amounts of mercury: annually released from purposeful uses; annually released due to trace impurities; and present or in use from the various source sectors in the Greater Milwaukee Area.


Triassic in Southern Qilian basin has been divided into 3 stratigraphic districts with the study of large quantity of geologic sections mainly based on paleotectonic setting, basement characters, tectonic deformation, magmatic activity, sedimentary formation, paleao biota attributes, as well as extent of stratigraphy development and contact relation; upon which, also given is a discussion on the environmental framework of the original Carboniferous Jurassic in Southern Qilian basin and Petro Geological Features


organizations, are at present (1931-1932) in the midst of the adverse swing of an economic cycle of almost universal extent. In consequence, they are passing through difficulty conditions characterized in general by diminished new business, higher mortality than during the last decennium, sharp increases in lapse and surrender rates, and, closely related to the last mentioned, an unprecedented demand for loan and surrender values. The effect of these


Investments are made to obtain future benefits. Stocks are one of the most popular investments in the capital market. The advantage that can be obtained from the stock investment is stock returns, where the returns obtained can be positive or negative. This study aims to analyze the influence of fundamental and macroeconomic factors on stock returns of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2019. This study used secondary data and the sample of this research was 37 manufacturing companies obtained through the purposive sampling method with panel regression as the data analysis. The results showed that the fundamental factors that affect stock returns are Price to Book Value (PBV), while the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Price to Earnings Ratio (PER) do not affect manufacturing stock returns. Some macroeconomic factors such as inflation, the BI Rate, and changes in world oil prices proved to not affect the stock returns of manufacturing companies. This research implies that manufacturing companies need to pay attention to Price to Book Value (PBV) in determining stock returns.


CONTEXT
Anterior instability and impingement are common in overhead athletes and have been associated with decreases in internal rotation (IR) and increases in external rotation (ER) motion. However, the chronology and the effect of different female sports on these conditions have yet to be determined.

OBJECTIVE
To measure glenohumeral IR and ER rotation, total range of motion, and scapular position in female overhead athletes over a single competitive season.

DESIGN
Multiple group pretest-posttest study.

SETTING
High school.

PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
Thirty-six female overhead athletes (age = 15.29 +/- 1.18 years, height = 164.16 +/- 7.14 cm, mass = 58.24 +/- 9.54 kg) with no history of shoulder or elbow surgery participating in high school swimming, volleyball, or tennis.

INTERVENTION(S)
Participants were measured for all dependent variables at preseason and postseason.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Participants were measured for glenohumeral IR and ER with the scapula stabilized. Total glenohumeral range of motion was calculated as the sum of IR and ER. Scapular upward rotation was measured at 0 degrees , 60 degrees , 90 degrees , and 120 degrees of glenohumeral abduction in the scapular plane, and scapular protraction was measured at 0 degrees , 45 degrees (hands on hips), and 90 degrees of glenohumeral abduction.

RESULTS
Internal rotation decreased from preseason to postseason (P = .012). Swimmers had less IR than both volleyball and tennis players (P = .001). External rotation also decreased in the swimmers (P = .001). Overall, preseason to postseason total motion decreased for athletes participating in swimming (P = .001) and tennis (P = .019). For all participants, preseason to postseason scapular protraction at 45 degrees glenohumeral abduction decreased (P = .007).

CONCLUSIONS
Female overhead athletes demonstrated decreases in IR after only one competitive season. Clinically, our results indicate that overhead athletes should be monitored for motion changes throughout their competitive seasons.