The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of N-cadherin in glioblastoma and to establish the relationship of this marker with the clinical and histological findings of gliblastoma. This cross sectional study was conducted on 60 cases of glioblastoma admitted to Kasr El-Eini Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. We determined immunohistochemically the expression of N-cadherin in each case. N-cadherin expression was detected in 53 cases (88.3%). Among the study group, there was a significant association between expression of N-cadherin and tumor histological variant, where cases of Gliosarcoma variant showed the highest Immunoreactive score of N cadherin, while cases of glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma component showed lowest immunoreactive score of N cadherin. These findings need to be further substantiated with a prospective study supported by the use of molecular biological techniques to address the importance of N-cadherin expression as a prognostic factor for glioblastoma patients and may support the development of new therapeutics to control the tumor progression and spread among cases with strong N-cadherin expression. N-cadherin among cases of Glioblastoma is not dependent on factors like age, sex and tumor location.


The information and communication technology (ICT) evolution is aggressively affecting many nations around the world, forcing changes and transformations to business and socioeconomic development plans, reflecting major implications on different economies and contributing to the notions of globalization and the evolution of the global digital economy irrespective of time and distance barriers. ICT is driving the radical transformation and change for individuals, organizations and societies from the marketplace to the cyberspace helping the realization of the digital economy, outsourcing and global outreach. In a fast changing global environment, speed, competition and catering for various diversified cultural elements become key factors for development and growth in the reengineered business environment where electronic commerce (E-commerce) applications promise to grow in volume helping the digital economy to mature and dominate. Egypt, as a developing nation with an economy in transition, started to invest in building its ICT infrastructure since 1985 as a vital tool for development and leading to availing opportunities for E-commerce to grow. This article describes the emergence of E-commerce in Egypt since the mid 1990s and its implications in the marketplace including the challenges faced relating to social, technological, financial, cultural and legal issues and the efforts exerted by different stakeholders including the government, the private sector and the civil society to diffuse E-commerce in Egypt.


in this case report, we aimed to report of emieel. crtra sonocrepbcei and biocIiemical findings of naturally aecu rring radiotucent gellstone and efficacy oi treatment 'Nilli erceceoxicouc acid in a dog . Ari 1l-years-okl, female Col~e dog releITec\with a history of ariorexia , Iethargy and vomiting wa s induded in (he present art icle . At physica l e xamination . rranial abdomen pa in wa s detected on palpa lion . Biochemica l analysis of the blood serum reve eree ure a 28 mg/di . creatjnin 0 ,9 mg/di . ALT 50 IUIL. ALP 350 IUIL. A ST 300 IUIL , GGT 71 1UIL.toial biliru bin 0.5 mgldl. direct bilirub in 0,4 mg/di, ind ireel bilirubin 0,1 mgldl, chof es terol350 mgldl and trigfiserid 2 15 mgldl. Ult ra sonograp hical exam ination reveaieo hyperecogenic uver parenchyma. bile ducl and gal l bladder wall and ins ide \he btadder a 9 mm diameter radioluceni mass without acoustic shadowing arnract. Based on cnnicer. laboratory and ultrasonographical e xamin ation . r&diol ucent gelI stone and choIangitis were diagn o sed. Therapy included ampici lin+sulbactam at a d05a98 of 25 mgtkg twice a da y tm.• for 15 days. me tronidazole at the cIosage o f 10 mg Ik.g q 12 h. metodop romide 2 n'lgI1i.g tm.• q t2 h. ursodeoxyd'iolic acid at the dosage of 10 mglk.g once a day per orany for 1 month. End o f the thirty d ay hepane parenchyma and bile du cts were normal and no ma ss was detected on the ultrasonograpfiic examinauco of the btadder. Biodiemical analysis reveeiee AlP 100 IUII... , A ST 80 IUIL. AlT 30 IUIL . GG T 7 IUIL , chofesterot 164 mgldl and trig li5ef'it 145 mg/di'


of those luminaries of science, whose modest and retiring worth was little known to the general public, but who was all the more highly appreciated in those scientific circles of which he was so distinguished an ornament. The late Robert Brown was the son of a Scottish Episcopalian clergyman, and was born at Montrose on the 21st December 1773. Ilis academical education was acquired first at Marischal College, Aberdeen, and subsequently at the University of Edinburgh, where he completed his medical studies in 1795, and in the same


Recently, face recognition has been widely used in lives, but it can still only maintain good results in specific scenarios. In different tasks, changes in the external environment will cause diversified changes in face images, such as panoramic video. The barrel distortion of the panoramic images generated by the fisheye lens will cause the face images to be deformed to varying degrees around the fisheye image. A new model DCMNet is proposed in this paper and a panoramic face dataset PIFI is created based on the panoramic video system. After experiments are conducted on different datasets, the results show that our model has better results on popular datasets and panoramic dataset.


The fields of gene transfer and expression have recently seen major advances that have made possible a better understanding of basic biologic mechanisms and have brought closer the possibility for gene therapy for the treatment of clinical disease. Vectors derived from murine retroviruses are being developed for use in clinical protocols. In this article we address the recent advances in gene transfer as they relate to progress toward achieving gene therapy for immunodeficiency diseases, specifically for adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency as a cause of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). It now appears that ADA deficiency will be the first disease in which the technique of retroviral-mediated gene therapy will be attempted.


An efficient computational method has been developed for calculating the current density distribution within electroplating cells. The computer program can analyze two-dimensional cells with arbitrary polygonal shapes, as well as three-dimensional axisymmetric cells with arbitrary polygonal cross section. Laplace's equation in the bulk of the cell is coupled to the convective diffusion equation in the boundary layers near the electrodes. Finite-difference and finite-element methods, and infinite sums, are avoided by a boundary integral formulation for the solution of Laplace's equation. The method is illustrated with sample calculations for copper plating of multilayer boards. The predicted copper plating thickness distribution is essentially the same as the primary current distribution.


Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a widely-used therapy for hematologic malignancies and blood disorders. Here, we report an unexpected role of cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in protecting against GVHD development. Administrating recombinant LIF protein (rLIF) protects mice from GVHD-induced tissue damage and lethality without compromising the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity, which is crucial to prevent tumor relapse. We found that rLIF reduces the infiltration and activation of donor immune cells, and protects intestinal stem cells (ISCs) to ameliorate GVHD. Mechanistically, rLIF downregulates IL12-p40 expression in recipient dendritic cells (DCs) post irradiation through activating the STAT1 signaling, which results in decreased MHC-II levels on intestinal epithelial cells and reduced donor T cell activation and infiltration. This study reveals a previously unidentified protective role of LIF for GVHD-induced tissue pathology and provides a potential effective therapeutic strategy to limit tissue pathology without compromising anti-leukemic efficacy.


Orthodromic tetanization produces in the turtle visual cortex two types of reversible plastic changes of electrical responses: facilitation and depression. Posttetanic facilitation is attended with reversible enhancement of evoked postsynaptic potentials and APs; the excitability of the electroexcitable membrane increases: the critical level of depolarization of the evoked spike shifts in the negative direction and its threshold potential decreases. Posttetanic depression is accompanied by a reversible decrease of the amplitude of evoked postsynaptic and spike potentials; the excitability of the electroexcitable membrane decreases: the critical level of depolarization of the evoked spike shifts in the positive direction, and its threshold potential increases. Reversible changes of excitability of the spike generating membrane following tetanization testify to the existence of an active mechanism of spike discharge change.


Lightning indirectly impacts electric equipment or systems through coupling external lightning energy into the interior of shielding enclosures, and induces overcurrent and overvoltage, so internal fields are produced by surface current penetration. However, rules of the surface currents distribution on cylindrical cavities are far from complete. Hence, using the software CST MICROSTRIPES based on the transmission line matrix method, we calculated the surface current distribution of a finite regular circular cylinder and a finite circular cylinder with curved surface. Four conclusions can be drawn from the simulation on the condition that a lightning current pulse is injected into the circular cylinders: For the regular circular cylinder, the transverse surface current distributes evenly along the axial direction and it is stronger on the front edge and the back edge. For the circular cylinder with curved surface, the transverse surface current descends along the axial direction from the end with the small radius to the other end. Both cylinders have axial surface currents distributed with circumferential symmetry. Moreover, for a conical cylinder; the amplitude of surface current is directly proportional to the curvature radius, while for a cone-frustums circular cylinder, the amplitude is inversely proportional to the curvature radius. These conclusions are worthwhile to protecting equipment with structure of circular cylinder against indirect effects of lightning.


We first propose a noise reduction algorithm based on the gradient descent method in order to reconstruct pseudo trajectories in the neighborhood of a true chaotic signal. Then, a modulation-demodulation chaos shift keying (CSK) scheme for data transmission which assumes a priori knowledge of the dynamics of chaotic carriers at the transmitter is developed. The similarity between the reconstructed attractor and that representing the sent symbol at the transmitter could be utilized to detect the sent symbol effectively. We show that this detection method can achieve a bit error rate performance comparable to that of other noncoherent chaos based communication systems.


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A chemical proteomic approach was developed for profiling the noncovalent interactome of isoprenoid chain in the yeast proteome. A chemical probe that harbors a biotin moiety and a photoreactive benzophenone group linked to the terminal of geranyl group was synthesized. Photoaffinity labeling was performed by incubating the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome and the probe under 365 nm UV light. Thirty proteins were identified by immobilized NeutraAvidin enrichment, on‐bead digestion, online 2‐D nano‐LC/MS/MS identification and semi‐quantitative proteomic analysis. As noted by Gene Ontology annotation, the identified proteins demonstrate a wide range of catalytic activity in several biological processes, especially in metabolism and biosynthesis. Further data analysis shows that hydrophobic binding of the synthetic probe is potentially the major interaction force leading to covalent labeling. These results argue that intracellular allosteric interactions conferred by the isoprenoid chain of the corresponding chemical structures may be widespread at an interactomic level.


The social hierarchy of Elizabethan England was
stoutly and exactly "hinged". At every point ranks touched
in the hierarchy, cultural instruments worked to establish a
connection between them. The purpose of the present paper
is to give an anthropological account of two of these cultural
instruments, showing how they served the concept and the
practice of Elizabethan social organization. The cultural
instruments in question are courtesy and child exchange.


The idea that research and teaching are complementary activities is central to the idea of the modern university, developed the 19th century and still dominant today. Despite its importance, the belief that research and teaching should be undertaken jointly has rarely been subject to close examination. The object of this paper is to clarify some of the conceptual issues surrounding the relationship between research and teaching. The main contribution of the paper is the development of an analytical model within which concepts of complementarity and substitutability can be explored.


Scope of the thesis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a challenging disease: due to its heterogeneous nature, there is large variability in disease severity, symptoms and response to therapy. Insight into the activated pathways in RA subgroups and/or predictors of therapy response is of vital importance to unravel its pathology and ultimately enable personalized treatment strategies for RA patients. Type I interferon (IFN) activity has proven to play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Approximately 50% of RA patients displays a type I IFN signature, which has shown to be associated to a poor response to rituximab treatment. The research presented in this thesis was aimed to gain more insight into the clinical utility of the type I IFN signature in RA, as well as into the potential mechanisms behind the type I IFN signature in RA and other autoimmune diseases. The first part of this thesis, which was described in Chapter 2, was focused on the potential clinical applicability of the IFN signature in RA. One question that has been lingering since the IFN signature was described in RA for the first time in 2007, is whether it would be related to clinical parameters, as it appeared to represent a subgroup of patients. In Chapter 2.1, we investigated the association of the IFN signature with disease activity, inflammation parameters, erosive disease and antibody positivity, which did not reveal any significant associations. We did, however, observe downregulation of the signature upon treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sulphasalazine (SSZ) and prednisone (PREDN). Chapters 2.2 and 2.3 were aimed to optimize the previously described type I IFN-based prediction of the response to rituximab treatment in RA patients. In Chapter 2.2, we studied the effect of prednisone use on this prediction. Interference between glucocorticoids (GCs), such as pred-nisone, and type I IFN signaling has previously been demonstrated in vitro, and since the use and dose of oral GCs is highly variable among RA patients prior to the start of treatment with rituximab, we determined what the effect of GC use was on the type I IFN response gene (IRG) expression in relation to the clinical response to rituximab. We demonstrated that expression of the 8 predictive IRGs was suppressed in RA patients who used prednisone at the time of blood collection. This suppression was dependent on prednisone use and most prominent in patients using *10mg/day prednisone. Consequently, the predic-tive performance of …


The fundamental purpose of record keeping is to preserve accurate details of events and establish solid proof that the events have occurred. Trustworthy records are, therefore, those that can be relied upon to provide irrefutable evidence of all the events that have been logged. Such records must be managed from an end-to-end perspective, beginning with their preservation, and including their subsequent discovery and delivery to an agent seeking proof or details of an event.


Following occlusion of the lower 1/3 of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in cats the epicardial ST-segment elevation was depressed obviously by iv paverine 2 or 4 mg/kg as well as K-Mg-aspartate (K-Mg-ASP) 100 mg/kg. But iv K-ASP 100 mg/kg showed no effect. Hence K-Mg-ASP manifested a beneficial effect against myocardial ischemia injury, and the effect of K-ASP was enhanced by the Mg-ASP. The size of myocardial infarction (SMI) caused by occlusion of the upper LAD in rabbits after 24 h was 21±5%, ∑ST 18±8 mV. However, the SMI and ST decreased to 4±3%, 10±4 mV by iv K-Mg-ASP 100mg/kg qid and to 6±3%, 99±6 mV by iv propranolol 0.5 mg/kg qid. It indicated that K-Mg-ASP was as effective as propranolol in diminishing SMI.


Abstract Endonuclear bacteria were observed within Euglena hemichromata cells isolated from a bloom in a small pond in South Korea. Ultrastructural features of the host cell and resident bacteria are presented and a route of infection pathway into host cells proposed. The bacteria are rod shaped, with a thick outer wall and an inner osmiophilic layer, as in gram-negative forms. Endonuclear bacteria are suggested to enter the host cytoplasm from the euglenoid reservoir, where they are taken up by a phagocytotic process, resulting in cytoplasmic bacteria surrounded by a single host membrane. The host cytoplasmic membrane subsequently makes contact and fuses with the host outer nuclear envelope and the bacterium is apparently taken into the nucleus by an invagination of the inner nuclear envelope. Within the host nucleus, endonuclear bacteria are initially surrounded by a single host membrane. Later, the bacteria grow, divide, and lose the host membrane. Bacterial growth and reproduction eventually consume the entire host nuclear region, filling it with bacterial cells. The large number of bacterial cells presumably then break out of the host cell and are free to infect other euglenoids. This type of endonucleobiosis may be involved in the control of euglenoid blooms in nature.


Corn is one of the most important carbohydrate-producing food crops in Indonesia besides rice and wheat. Every year Indonesia can produce a very large amount of corn. It is proven that in 2017 Indonesia can produce 22.59 million tons of corn. This number is very meaningful for the economy in Indonesia. One of the most widely grown corns in Indonesia is pearl corn. However, it is quite difficult to distinguish each variety of corn because the shape and color tend to be the same. One way to find out a corn variety is by utilizing the image processing data for each corn. One of the classification methods used is K-NN. Each corn image is taken the value of area, parimeter, width, length, metric and eccentricity using the Matlab application to determine the shape of a corn, then 250 data are collected. The data that has been collected is divided based on a ratio of 70% training data 30% test data and applying k values, namely 3, 5 and 7. The classification process uses the cloud-based Rstudio application. The results obtained, it is known that the test at k = 3 gets the highest accuracy value compared to other k values. The accuracy obtained is 93.24% followed by recall 91.89% precision 94.44% specificity 94.59% error rate 6.76% and f-measure 0.9315.


This paper describes the development of a vehicle which represents Australian traffic loads in terms of inducing the same effects for a given probability of occurrence. The base statistical data is derived from weigh-in-motion data for 679, 547 vehicles. An optimisation methodology is developed to determine the optimum loading that reproduces the average extreme daily moments and shears due to a single lane of traffic on simply supported and continuous Australian bridges with spans less than 40m. Of the various loading models used around the world, it was found that a vehicle model with fixed axle spacing best represented the effects induced in the bridges by the traffic. The paper discusses the derivation of the T55 and T90 vehicles to represent the traffic loads due to general traffic and road-train traffic respectively. The paper recommends a review of Australiais bridge design loading.


Spatial multiplexing is a key feature for upgrading transmission rate in recent wireless communication systems. However, the performance improvement comes at the cost of decoding complexity. Sphere decoders have shown the distinction to provide the maximum likelihood (ML) solution to this signal detection problem with much lower complexity than the exhaustive search. In this paper, the algorithm of a multi-layer multi-path sphere decoder is proposed. The common information of the same signal carried at different layers can be discovered. Moreover, multiple nodes are visited simultaneously to speed up the search process. Meanwhile, the completeness in the whole search space is still retained to derive the ML solution without conflicts among the different search paths. Simulation results show that more than 50% decoding cycles can be reduced and hence the average throughput can be increased.


User center design arises as an approach and method that lies on the knowledge of some user details, with the aim of producing more familiar and effective graphic interfaces designed specifically for them. This article describes its origins, features and complementary techniques.


With its high metabolic rate and lack of substrate stores, the brain is dependent on a constant supply of oxygen and glucose. If blood flow stops, alterations in brain function occur within seconds and irreversible injury can occur within a few minutes. Many patients admitted to neurosciences intensive care units have acute strokes, are eligible for endovascular procedures, and may need other measures to preserve adequate cerebral blood flow. An understanding of the blood supply, venous drainage, and factors affecting cerebral perfusion is thus pivotal to the practice of neurologic critical care. This chapter reviews the anatomical and physiologic principles governing cerebral circulation and blood flow.


For any finite transformation α of X={1,2,3,…,n},we claim and prove the relation between the index and period of α and the indices and periods of its simplist factors at first.Then,we verify that the directed graphs Γ(α) of α may be disconnected,every connected component Ω of Γ(α) is an equivalence class,Ω has non-empty kernel K(Ω),and K(Ω) is also the set of vertices of the only cycle of Ω.At last,we demonstrate the one-one correspondence between connected components and simplest transformations,and realize the aim to calculate the index and period of α by Γ(α).


Public organizations' performance is directly related to the performance of their employees. Organizations which have high qualified employees enjoy a high level of performance and outcome. However, performance of employees' is highly dependent to their recruitment/selection processes. The better and clear recruitment/selection processes, the more qualified staffs are hired. The current study has been conducted on the effect of recruitment/selection processes on employees' performance in Afghanistan civil service. The research has been done in deductive research approach, and the data is collected through quantitative data collection method. The primary data is gathered by distributing close-ended questionnaires to the job candidates and employees to evaluate the processes recruitment and selection processes and employees' performance. Provided data is analyzed by SPSS version 20. In order to achieve the goal of research, 120 questionnaires have been distributed, and the recruitment/selection processes is taken account as an independent variable and employees' performance as a dependent variable. Furthermore, secondary data is collected through books, articles and particularly annual reports about Afghanistan. Finding shows a high level of correlation between employees' performance and recruitment/selection processes. Therefore, in conclusion chapter, necessary recommendation is given to the IARCSC (Independent Administrative Reforms and Civil Service Commission) for enforcing and improving recruitment/selection processes in order to achieve a better employees' performance.


Katajavuori, Marja. 2014. The effect of nutrition on physiological responses of resistance training in muscle and blood in young men. University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biology of Physical Activity. Master's Thesis in Exercise Physiology. 95 pp. Background. Exercise results in increased blood flow to the active skeletal muscles, which have potential to enhance delivery of nutrients to target receptors. The combined effect of muscular contraction and the increased availability of nutrients have the potential to enhance training responses. The purpose of this study was to examine, if the nutritional variances between individuals are associated with the responses and adaptations of heavy resistance training (RT) in muscle and blood. Methods. The test group consisted of 21 young men (18-30 years) who did not have a regular RT background. They went through supervised RT program practicing two times a week for 21 weeks. Their maximum strength, muscle size, muscle fiber types, body composition and hormonal content of the blood were measured in the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the study. The strength test consisted of bilateral dynamic leg press in David 200-eguipment (David Fitness and Medical, Finland). Muscle biopsies were taken before and after 21 week training period from the vastus lateralis muscle using Bergstrom's 5 mm biopsy needle technique. The muscle fiber types were determined by histochemical ATPase colouring (Brooke & Kaiser 1970). The sizes of the cells were determined by anti-dystrofin antibody. The muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle was determined before and after 21 week training period using magnetic resonance system (MRI) (GE Signa Exite HD 1.5 T) and analyzed with OsiriX (version 2.7.5) software. Blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein before the muscle work, right after exercise, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after exercise. Serum hormones were analyzed with an immunometric chemiluminescence method with an Immulite ® 1000 (DPC, Los Angeles, USA). The dietary diaries were registered during four to five consecutive days around the other measurements. The diaries were analyzed using the Micro Nutrica nutrient analysis software version 3.11 (The Social Insurance Institution of Finland). The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 19 software. Mean value, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, student's t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and regression analysis were used. Results. During 21 weeks of resistance training maximal strength (p 0.05). Conclusions. During the regular RT the consumption of protein increases, however if dietary recommendations are met, the individual differences in protein or carbohydrate consumption do not affect the chronic adaptations in the muscle. The effect of vitamin D on chronic adaptations is interesting and has to be studied more in future. Acute hormonal elevations of testosterone, insulin and cortisol after resistance exercise can be affected by nutrition. Also the changes in body composition during 21 weeks of RT can be affected by nutrition.


This paper is built on the previous versions of hydraulic remote laboratories and shows several enhanced features that can result in more flexible use of remote laboratories and even lead to the collaborative learning when anyone from the group following the experiment can take over the control and perform his/her design procedures.


This article makes an analysis on the connotation,the necessity and importance of discipline echelon construction in vocational colleges,elaborates and probes into the main content and the prevalence of the problems and puts forward the corresponding supporting measures,which plays a guiding role in the teaching management,especially discipline echelon construction in vocational colleges.


A condition caused by inactivating mutation(s) in the paternal allele of the GNAS gene, encoding Gs-alpha, resulting in expression of the Gs-alpha protein from only the maternal allele. Affected individuals have the clinical phenotype of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy without hormone resistance.


E. M., a girl, aged 18, a shoe worker, was brought to us, July 10, with multiple second degree burns on her face, neck and breasts. The patient stated that her work was the numbering and lettering of pieces of leather used in the manufacture of shoes. In opening a bottle of the marking ink, she splashed a liberal quantity over her body. Water and a common alkali soap were used in an attempt to remove the ink stains. When seen by us, the patient, in addition to extensive burns over the major portion of her face, neck and chest, was depressed, weak and suffering from a headache, and presented an increased heart rate with a feeble pulse. Her condition of collapse was out of proportion to the extent of external injury. An odor of phenol (carbolic acid) was present on the patient's clothing, and it was established that this


This paper designs an experiment and find that: 1) harm type has moderating impact on optimal coping strategy;for defensible product harm crises,the best is defensive response;for indefensible product harm crises,accommodative response is the best;2) crisis type and enterprise reputation have moderating impact on coping strategy.At last,the paper point out the limitation.


Summary

To prepare low methoxyl pectin (LMP) from lime peel, acid deesterification at pH 0.5 for 9 hr at 60°C and for 5 hr at 70°C; sodium hydroxide deesterification at 5°C and at pH 10.5 with continuous addition of alkali for 1–2 hr; and ammonia deesterification at 25°C and at pH 10.5 for 2–3 hr or at pH 11.7 for 1–2 hr were suitable. Such LMP had ∼4.5% methoxyl groups and a molecular weight of 40 000–70 000. Precipitation at pH 0.5 to 1.5 after saponification resulted in LMP having good gelling characteristics; precipitation at pH 4.5, as recommended hitherto, impaired the gelling property.

Saponification titre values of the pectin being deesterified and a rapid gel test, based on the sensitivity of the pectin to the calcium, are described to follow the degree of deesterification. The gel test is also indicative of the gelling property of the pectin.


With the large-scale deployment of cloud datacenters, high energy consumption and serious service level agreement (SLA) violations in datacenters have become an increasingly urgent problem to be addressed. Implementing an effective virtual machine (VM) consolidation methods is of great significance to reduce energy consumption and SLA violations. The VM consolidation problem is a well-known NP-hard problem. Meanwhile, efficient VM consolidation should consider multiple factors synthetically, including quality of service, energy consumption, and migration overhead, which is a multi-objective optimization problem. To solve the problem above, we propose a new multi-objective VM consolidation approach based on double thresholds and ant colony system (ACS). The proposed approach leverages double thresholds of CPU utilization to identify the host load status, VM consolidation is triggered when the host is overloaded or underloaded. During consolidation, the approach selects migration VMs and destination hosts simultaneously based on ACS, utilizing diverse selection policies according to the host load status. The extensive experiment is conducted to compare our proposed approach with the state-of-art VM consolidation approaches. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach remarkably reduces energy consumption and optimizes SLA violation rates thus achieving better comprehensive performance.


The freeware program OPAL 2 computes the optical losses associated with the front surface of a Si solar cell. It calculates the losses for any angle of incidence within seconds, where the short computation time is achieved by decoupling the ray tracing from the Fresnel equations. Amongst other morphologies, OPAL 2 can be used to assess the random-pyramid texture of c-Si solar cells, or the `isotexture' of mc-Si solar cells, and to determine (i) the optimal thickness of an antireflection coating with or without encapsulation, (ii) the impact of imperfect texturing, such as non-ideal texture angles, over-etched isotexture, and flat regions, and (iii) the subsequent 1D generation profile in the Si. This paper describes the approach and assumptions employed by OPAL 2 and presents examples that demonstrate the dependence of optical losses on texture quality and incident angle.


COLLGUN, designed to simulate multistage depressed collectors, was optimized by using parallel computing. This work reports the speedups observed on a parallel implementation of the COLLGUN code using CUDA. Were parallelized the solver of the sparse system for the electric scalar potential using the Incomplete Cholesky Conjugate Gradient Method (a) and the determination of the electric field inside each tetrahedron of the mesh (b), and speedups over 3X and 5X were respectively observed.


Anal fistula is a chronic condition that may present de novo or after an acute anorectal abscess. Management goal is to eradicate the fistula and prevent recurrence while maintaining continence. Simple or low anal fistulas are best treated with a primary fistulotomy with excellent healing rates and functional outcomes. The management of complex anal fistulas is more difficult and controversial. No proved surgical procedure has gained acceptable as the gold standard yet. Over the last two decades, many sphincter-preserving procedures were introduced with the common goal of minimizing the injury to the anal sphincter and preserving the optimal function. Recently, a number of new techniques were developed and proposed such as ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT); endorectal advancement flap (EAF); video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT); fistula tract laser closure (FiLAC); fibrin sealants and anal fistula plug (AFP), and adipose-derived stem cells (ASC). There are multiple techniques available for complex anal fistula repair. The best technique is not known yet, and the evidence available suffers from a lack of high-quality data and presents with very few large randomized studies. This review summarizes the management of anal fistulas and the current techniques available. It describes some new technologies, too. Scr Sci Med 2017;49(3):15-18


Abstract This article demonstrates the changes that have occurred in the fashion sector during COVID-19. It outlines the complexity of assessing the liquidity level of retail trade companies. Moreover, it gives an overview of the key information included in the financial statements of fashion companies and highlights key points crucial to determining the liquidity risk of these companies. The article also presents the results of two models; these were estimated using the Arellano–Bover / Blundell–Bond linear dynamic panel-data estimator. Results present the real impact of COVID-19 on the liquidity of Polish fashion and retail trade companies (measured by cash holdings or cash ratio) during the analysed period of time. The analysed data cover the 11 quarters from Q1 2019 to Q3 2021 and were obtained from the quarterly financial statements of the 108 public companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and NewConnect (Poland). The findings show that the fashion sector has lower liquidity than the broader retail trade sector. However, fashion companies during COVID-19 obtained higher cash ratios than retail trade companies. This article is a research-supported summary of the most important aspects of assessing the liquidity of fashion companies in light of the changes that have occurred in the industry due to the COVID-19 crisis.


The temperature dependence of dark conductivity at low temperatures (300-15 K) was studied on a wide microstructural range of well-characterized highly crystallized single phase undoped microcrystalline silicon samples. Our study reveals two different temperature dependences in films having different microstructures. A T^(-0.5) dependence of dark conductivity supporting tunneling of carriers between neighboring conducting crystals, similar to percolation-hopping model proposed for metal-insulator composite systems, is seen in microcrystalline silicon films that are fully crystallized with tightly packed large columnar grains and negligible density deficit. A T^(-0.25)dependence of dark conductivity supporting variable range hopping model with an exponential tail state distribution in the gap is seen in microcrystalline silicon films having mostly small crystalline grains, low degree of conglomeration and relatively higher density deficit. The correlation between the microstructural attributes and conductivity behavior is discussed by analyzing the physical plausibility of the hopping parameters and material properties derived by applying different transport models.


The high penetration rate of smart devices such as storage elements brings new challenges to the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in power systems, which is generally nonconvex and difficult to be solved in real time. This article proposes a set of two fully distributed algorithms by combining the alternating direction method of multipliers and proximal alternating minimization techniques. The first one is a basic distributed algorithm for offline scheduling of 24-h ahead OPF. The other extended one is the warm-starting algorithm by using the offline scheduling solution as the initial point, and the warm-starting algorithm can get converged faster than the basic algorithm. Both algorithms aim to provide a highly feasible solution for the nonconvex OPF problem, and simulation conducted on four radial power systems with batteries has validated the performance of these two algorithms.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and radiographic findings in a patient with sinking skull flap
BACKGROUND: Large decompressive craniectomies may cause postural headaches and neurological deficits due to "sinking skin flap syndrome". Cranioplasty resolves this complication by preventing the brain from collapsing under the force of gravity. The bone flap however, is subject to gradual resorption, loosing continuity with the calvarium and sinking.
DESIGN/METHODS: This 17 year old presented with sudden headaches and obtundation. The imaging confirmed a large bleed due to an AVM causing herniation. She underwent left-sided craniectomy and placement of a right ventricular shunt. When stabilized, she received onyx embolizations for her AVM and cranioplasty using autologous bone flap. She had a remarkable recovery with mild right sided weakness and aphasia. Six months after the procedure, she developed severe headaches which localized to the left side. The headaches worsened in recumbency and improved in upright posture.
RESULTS: The angiograms showed satisfactory obliteration of the AVM. The CT scans demonstrated gradual sinking of the bone flap under the calvarium. Attempts to reverse this by reprogramming the shunt and reducing the amount of CSF drainage failed. She then underwent skull reconstruction with resolution of the headaches.
CONCLUSIONS: Sinking bone syndrome has been recognized recently in a small number of patients surviving major craniectomies. Typically, these patients have orthostatic headaches which worsen in upright posture, attributable to the effects of gravity on the free-moving bone flap. In this case however, trapping of the bone flap under the calvarium caused localized headaches which worsened in recombency, possibly due to crowding of the overlapping bones. The shunt may accentuate this process by creating a vacuum effect. It is prudent not to attribute all headaches to the brain injury and be cognizant of this condition which is easily detectable with periodic imaging. Disclosure: Dr. Assadi Khansare has nothing to disclose. Dr. Walsh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Binning has nothing to disclose.


Stochastic approximation methods have found extensive and diversified applications. Recent emergence of networked systems and cyber-physical systems has generated renewed interest in advancing stochastic approximation into a general framework to support algorithm development for information processing and decisions in such systems. This paper presents a survey on some recent developments in stochastic approximation methods and their applications. Using connected vehicles in platoon formation and coordination as a platform, we highlight some traditional and new methodologies of stochastic approximation algorithms and explain how they can be used to capture essential features in networked systems. Distinct features of networked systems with randomly switching topologies, dynamically evolving parameters, and unknown delays are presented, and control strategies are provided.


The paper illustrates the steps of the earthwork embankment compaction construction of expressway roadbed,including the treatment of the roadbed,the embankment preparation,and the drainage facility of the construction site,analyzes the factors of the roadbed compaction quality,and introduces the construction technique of the roadbed compaction,so as to improve the construction quality of roads from the roadbed earthwork embankment and compaction.


The paper examines the variability of the Shielding Effectiveness of board level shields measured in a reverberation chamber at frequencies from 200 MHz to 20 GHz. Results show that at any particular frequency the Shielding Effectiveness exhibits a typical variability of +20 dB about the mean value.


It is a great pleasure and an honour to play a small part in introducing the EACTS Database as unveiled in this issue of the Journal [1]. The authors and more importantly the multinational constituencies represented are to be congratulated for taking this very important first step in establishing this database. This represents a truly Herculean effort to obtain collaborative agreements with originally 12 countries in 2003 to 29 countries ten years later. The cardiac surgery performed at 366 hospitals is now included in the annual data collection, and collectively, over one million patients have been added to the rolls. Similar to the early steps the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) took with the US National Cardiac Database, the EACTS Database has achieved an important first objective—collecting the data. Without data we are all just another person with an opinion. The authors report that, not surprisingly, given the heterogeneity of the patients, the cultures and the health care systems, there is a wide variety of practice patterns from country to country. Despite this variation, the outcomes, specifically length of stay and raw mortality rates, have improved over the decade of reporting in the face of increasing patient age and comorbidities. The next tricks will be to standardize definitions, perform appropriate modelling to obtain risk-adjusted rates of mortality and morbidity and eventually audit the database. The STS has had several advantages in establishing a database in the US not the least of which is that, for the most part, we all speak the same language. More recently, in the US, there has been an incentive to participate in a national database due to governmental and payor interest/pressure. While similar forces are likely in play on individual national levels for EACTS, the ability to supersede them collectively will only strengthen the efforts for continuous quality improvement, which is needed for improving patient care. Congratulations to EACTS and the introduction of your database is most welcome.


The morfo-functional properties of udder, milk productivity, milk quality, behaviour, reproductional peculiarities and economical efficiency of animals depending on inbreeding methods of black-and-white cows with Holstein sire under the conditions of forest-steppe zone of Middle Volga Region are estimated. It is stated that more effective for cow breeding due to these parameters are reproductional and absorptive crossing


Aside from the views of pioneer thinkers and romantics, perception of the relationship between agriculture and the countryside by the general public has changed this century from acceptance of the status quo, to increasing consciousness of environmental problems. Recent global and European initiatives now form the basis of a strengthened package of anti-surplus and agri-environmental measures, which give some support to the enhancement of biodiversity, for instance by the redesign of fields. More fundamentally, there needs to be a more ecological approach to agricultural systems, and in particular a shift towards organic farming. Prospects for the latter must depend on an increased market share for home-grown organic produce, while both organic farming and wildlife initiatives will in the longer term depend on wider community participation, thus reversing a trend set at the start of the Industrial Revolution.


ABSTRACTThe present paper describes the work done concerning the development of germanium epitaxial tunnel diodes in the Solid State Physics Laboratory. The technique consists essentially of growing a thin layer of P+ germanium on N+ substrates. Scribing and mesa etching of epitaxially grown slices yield a number of identical devices from one slice. This is a great advantage over the alloying technique where each diode has to be individually fabricated. The paper describes the liquid epitaxial growth technique employed and the mesa etching technique which has yielded tunnel diodes in various peak-current ranges. Results on tunnel diode units obtained are discussed.


The interaction of oneand two-layer shells with a compact striker which is made of isotropic steel is simulated numerically. Shell material is orthotropic organoplastic. Axes of symmetry of the orthotropic material are oriented relative to the coordinate system at various angles. In addition, the tensor of elastic constants and the tensor of strength are recalculated. The Vu criterion is used as a criterion of destruction of the anisotropic material. For various impact velocities the influence of orientation of material properties on failure of the orthotropic organoplastic is investigated.


Epithelial transport processes can be described as the sum of passive transport and active transport. The former is the result of physical driving forces such as concentration, or electrical potential differences across the epithelium, and proceeds predominantly via the paracellular pathway. Active transport is coupled directly (primary active) or indirectly (secondary active) to an exergonic chemical reaction (in mammalian cells usually the hydrolysis of ATP). One of the main active transport processes in epithelial cells is the Na + K-ATPase, which generates and maintains a low intracellular sodium concentration, a high intracellular potassium concentration, and a "cell-inside'' negative electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane. The electrochemical potential difference of sodium across the plasma membrane is used as a driving force in secondary active transport systems, the sodium cotransport systems. I n nonepithelial cells such cotransport systems are involved in volume regulation and control of intracellular pH, intracellular calcium and uptake of nutrients. In epithelial cells, which perform unidirectional transcellular transport, these transport systems, as well as others, are additionally involved in bulk transfer of solutes through the cell across the apical (luminal) and basal-lateral (contraluminal) plasma membrane of the cell. In order to achieve the transcellular movement of solutes, the sodium cotransport systems are distributed unevenly within the plasma membrane.' For the sodium-dependent sugar transport in the small intestine and in renal proximal tubule, for example, a sodium-sugar cotransport system is present only in the luminal (brush border) membrane of the epithelial cell.2 The contraluminal membranes contain a sodium-independent facilitated diffusion system for sugars. This transport system differs from the one present in the luminal membrane not only by its lack of sodium dependence, but also by its substrate specificity; the former accepts, for example, 2-deoxy-~-glucose as substrate, whereas the brush border system does not transport 2-deoxy sugars.' The sugar transport in the intestine was the first epithelial transport process postulated to involve a sodium cotransport system: and currently sodium cotransport systems have been demonstrated for the epithelial transport of a broad variety of organic and inorganic solutes. These cotransport systems are compiled in TABLE 1 for the renal tubule (for references see Kinne and Kinne-Saffran'). Four points are noteworthy in considering this table: the stoichiometry of the transport systems, the involvement of additional ions in sodium cotransport, the kind of cotransport performed by the transport system, and the cellular distribution of the transport systems. These points will be discussed below in more detail, because some general principles can be obtained from these findings.


The behavior of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of lhe salivary glands has been shown to be ttnpredictable in lenns of local and distant spread and mortality. We retrospectively studied 35 operations in 34 patients who had had a pathologic diaf^nosis of A CC of the salivary glands and who had been treated over a 20-year period and followed for a minimum of 10 years. We analyzed the effect that different factors had on otttcomes. The site of origin appeared to be an important factor in survival rates: survivitl among patients with tumors that had originated in the parotid gland was fairly good, while survival among those with tumors tlutt originated in the minor salivary glands was significantly worse. TNM staging was another significant factor in suirival. Other poor prognostic indicators were local spread, nodal positivity, distant metastasis, and local and regional recurrence. Radiation and chemotherapy did not appear to be beneficial for patients with advanced disease. We recommend radical surgery with complete resection for all patients with ACC ofthe salivary glands and a careful assessment of the neck in patients with minor salivary gland tumors. Introduction Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant neoplasm ofthe salivary glands. It accounts for most cases of minor salivary gland malignancie,s and a substantial proportion of parotid and submandibular gland malignancies.' The behavior of ACC has been shown to be unpredictable. The tumorhas a significantpropensityforperineural spread and From lhe Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (Dr, Khalif): the Department of Oral and Maxillolacial Surgery (Dr. Anavi and Dr, Calderon). the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Dr, Fienmesser), and the Institute of Oncology (Dr, Marshak). Rabin Medical Center. Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva, Israel; and lhe Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps (Dr, Haviv). Reprint requests.: Avi Khafif". MD. 66 Hashol'tim Si,, Ramat-Hasharon 47210, Israel. Phone; 972-3-S40-0526; fax; 972-3-.*i40-n526:e-mail; khatif@tasmc,health.gov.il or avironit@be/eqinl,net distant metastasis. ACC is associated with a high mortality rate, and it often recurs after prolonged periods of time. On the other hand, some patients survive for a considerable length of time even in the face of distant metastasis.Several factors have been considered indicative of a poor prognosis in patients with ACC. including an advanced tumor stage,'•' a solid histologic type.^^ the presence of nodal metastasis.'' and the presence of positive margins and perineura! spread. Many studies have lacked a satisfactory follow-up period, a fact that may account for the differences in prognosis among them. In an attempt to clarify some ofthe inconsistencies regarding the behavior of ACC, we studied a series of patients who had been followed for 10 to 30 years. Patients and methods From January 1970 through December 1989, 40 patients with ACC ofthe salivary glands were treated at the Beilinson Campus ofthe Rabin Medical Center in Petah-Tikva, Israel. Patients who had been treated within the previous 10 years were excluded from the study to allow for at least 10 years of follow-up. Sufficient data for inclusion in this study were available for 34 patients—17 men and 17 women, aged 22 to 80 years (mean: 57.7). The 34 patients underwent a total of 35 operations. Most of these patients had superficial parotid lesions and they had undergone a superhcial parotidectomy; those who had tumors that involved the deep lobe underwent a total parotidectomy. Preservation of the facial nerve was attempted in all cases unless the nerve was clearly involved in the cancerous process. Submandibular and minor salivary gland tumors were resected with the goal of achieving adequate margins of resection. Lymph node dissection was performed only on patients who were lymphadenopathy-positive at presentation. Follow-up ranged from 10 to 30 years (mean: 15). We compiled data on factors that might influence survival, includingTNM stage, local spread(includingperineural and bone invasion), regional and distant spread, type of treat662 ENT-Ear, Nose & Throat Journal • October 2005 KHAFIF, ANAVI, HAVIV, FIENMESSER. CALDERON, MARSHAK Table 1. Site of origin of ACC of the head and neck in the 34 patients Site Parotid gland Hard palate Maxillary sinus Base of tbe tongue Floor of the mouth Buccal mucosa Submandibular gland Oral tongue Lower lip Ethmoid sinus n (%) 12 (35.3) 6(17.6) 3 (8.8) 3 (8.8) 3 (8.8) 2 (5.9) 2(5.9) 1 (2.9) 1 (2.9) 1 (2.9) ment, local and regional recurrence, and distant metastasis. The impact of" these factors on outcome was evaluated by multiple logistic regression, and the different categories were compared by a chi-square test performed with SigmaStat Statistical Software (SPSS: Chicago). Linear variables were analyzed by linear correlation. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for disease-free survival. Results The most common sites of tumor origin were the parotid gland I35.y/r) and the minor salivary glands ofthe hard palate (17.6%) (table 1). Prior to surgery, the mo.st common complaint at presentation {b5.7^/c) and the most common sign on physical examination (77.1%) was a lump in the involved gland. Other clinical complaints and physical signs were seen much less often; the most common of these were local pain and oral ulcer (8.69f each). Ofthe 34 patients, 22 (64.7%) presented with early cancers (Tl orT2). and the remaining 12 (35.3%) had local or regional advanced disease (T3 or T4) (table 2). Only 4 patients (11.8%) had regional lymph node metastasis at the time of surgery (table 3). and their treatment included neckdissection.Threepatients (8.8%) had distant metastasis. In light ofthe small numbers of patients with regional and distant metastases al presentation, the effect of metastasis on survival could not be evaluated. Histology. Histologic subtyping was available for 21 patients, 4 of whom had predominantly solid tumors. This small number precluded us from making any histologic correlations with any ofthe study parameters. Treatment. All patients underwent surgical resection of their primary tumor, with the exception of 1 patient who had a distant metastasis at presentation; this patient was treated with combined radioand chemotherapy. Two patients underwent 2 operations each. Nineteen patients (55.9%) received adjuvant radiotherapy in addition to surgical excision; 6 of the 19 also received concomitant chemotherapy. Table 2. Relationship of tumor stage to survival in the 34 patients Stage Patients Disease-free survival n n (%) Tl 10 6(60.0) T2 12 6 (50.0) T3 3 1 (33.3) T4 9 1(11.1) p 0.0.^ (ihi-sqimre imalysi\ for linear uswcicilioti). Recurrence and metastasis. Regional recurrence occurred in 12 of the 34 patients (35.3%); 8 of these recurrences developed during follow-up. Distant metastasis developed in 15 patients (44.1%); 3 tnetastases were detected at presentation, and 12 developed during followup. All but 1 of the patients with regional recurrence and all patients with distant metastasis died of disease within 3 years of diagnosis (survival: 8.3 and 0%, respectively). All patients who presented with regional metastasis died of disease during follow-up. The mean length of time to the development of regional recurrence (lO.Oyr) was simitar to the mean length of time to the development ol' distant metastasis (9.7 yr); in both cases, the range was 1 to 30 years. Only 9 ofthe 20 patients (45.0%) who developed a regional recurrence or distant metastasis during follow-up did so during the first 10 years of follow-up; the remaining 11 patienls(55.0%)developedtheirrecurrenceormetastasis between 10 and 20 years of follow-up. Survival. Duringfollow-up, 19ofthe34patients(55.9%) died of their disease and 1 patient {2.97c) remained alive with disease. Ofthe remaining 14 patients. 10 (29.4%) were alive with no evidence of disease and 4 (11.8%) had died of other causes with no evidence of disease; of the latter 4 patients, 2 died 8 years following treatment and 2 died 2 years after treatment. Disease-free survival was similar to overall survival—41.2 and 32.3%, respectively (table 4). Risk factors. Analysis of different risk factors revealed that the site and size ofthe tumor had a significant effect on survival, as did surgical margins: Tumor site. Patients whose tumors originated in the parotid gland (n = 12) had a significantly better survival than those whose primary tumors arose in the minor salivary glands (n = 15) (table 5). The tumors in the remaining 7 patients had originated in the maxillary sinus, base ofthe tongue, or ethmoid sinus. Ttwtor .stage. Patients with larger tumors had a higher mortality rate (p = 0.03) (table 2). Of 9 patients who presented with T4 lesions. 8 (88.9%) died ofthe disease despite surgery and radiotherapy. Large tumors had a greatertendency to spread locally. Local spread (including pcrineural and bone invasion) was found in II patients. 664 ENT-Ear, Nose & Throat Journal October 2005 ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS: A 20-YEAR REVIEW WITH LONGTERM FOLLOW-UP Table 3. TNM staging of ACC of the head and neck prior to 35 operations NO N1 N2 MO M1 Tx* 1 0


need the reminder, but Professor Esberey brings home once again the reflection that successful politicians are rarely nice guys. Unfortunately, the project begins to come unstuck in the last section ('Politicizing the neurosis'), where the author moves less confidently into the larger world of political institutions, and social and economic structures. Sometimes the psychological insights are penetrating, but all too often they attempt to reduce complex events to a focus on Willie's psyche. When dealing with the Liberal party as an institution, for example, this King-centred methodology simply misses too many external factors to make real sense of events. At some point, this sort of thing always becomes a type of argumentum ad hominem. If inside of every fat man there is a thin man struggling to get out, there is inside of Professor Esberey's theoretical framework a fascinating psychological portrait which emerges from time to time.


We demonstrate a novel method capable of achieving ultrafast variable delay. This technique utilizes temporal gratings to vary the timing of optical pulses. Ultrafast, variable optical delays may be used in optical clock recovery circuits, all-optical phase-locked loops, and other applications.


The main cause of poor asthma control is mostly related to the inability of the asthmatic subjects to use their metred‐dose inhaler (pMDI) correctly. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of contentious pMDI verbal‐counselling on the pMDI inhalation technique and pulmonary functions of asthmatics.


Drug information is essential for the proper use of pharmaceuticals. However, drug information could be even more effective and safety further enhanced if it could be more tailored to the individual patient. We therefore conducted a survey on the utilization of patient information by pharmacies with the idea of using the results to make drug information more useful.The survey was sent by fax to Chiba Pharmaceutical Association pharmacies and was returned by fax when completed. The survey focused on the status of patient information in pharmacies. The results were presented as percentages of pharmacies responding in the affirmative to individual survey items, and significance was evaluated by McNemar's test.Patient information was obtained directly from patients by 94.0% of pharmacies, through patient medication journals by 75.6% of pharmacies, and from drug histories by 73.3% of pharmacies. Patient information considered useful included concomitant medications, selected by 92.2% of respondents and allergy history, by 73.5%. Most pharmacies were found to be IT ready, with 92.8 % equipped with a dispensing fee invoicing computer system. Other electronic methods of handling patient information were not widely used.Currently only a small percentage of pharmacies receive patient information from medical institutions. In order to remedy this situation, closer cooperation with medical institutions and widespread introduction of IT systems that facilitate the sharing of patient information are necessary. In addition, more detailed package inserts would be of great benefit to pharmacies aiming to provide drug information that includes patient-specific information.


Many reports have been made on the contraction of the stomach due to hunger, in man and animals. In certain instances the x-ray was used 1 and in others, mechanical contrivances were utilized to record the results. The radiological studies have included the emptying time of the stomach due to hunger. Ivy and Fauley 2 state that hunger or fasting causes the stomach to empty faster in both dog and man. The experiments herein reported were made on normal, healthy rats that were gradually deprived of food over a period of 3 weeks, with no restriction as to the intake of water. This series consisted of 5 rats, averaging 342 gm. in weight. They were at first made to fast for a period of 24 hours and subsequently each rat was fed 2 gm. of normal food a day for a period of 21 days. Two of these rats died, one on the tenth and the other on the fifteenth day of the experiment. All of the rats lost weight, the average weekly loss in weight per rat was 54 gm. The remaining rats of this series on the twenty-first day of starvation were fasted and made to abstain from water for 24 hours and then fed a 10 gm. mixture of 3 parts of buttermilk and one part of barium sulphate and permitted to eat for 20 minutes and then immediately fluoroscoped to ascertain if the stomach was filled. The fluoroscopic observations were continued every 15 minutes until the stomach and small intestines were found empty. The examination of the colon was made at greater intervals of time. Three normal rats were fed the same food over the same time, but the quantity of food per day was 14 gm. per rat which is considered an average normal amount." On the twenty-first day they also were made to fast and abstain from water for 24 hours, when they were given the same mixture as the other rats and examined in a similar manner by means of the x-rays.


Interest in biochar surges In the late 1990s, soil scientist Johannes Lehmann was working in the central Amazon to help restore degraded soils. Other researchers had discovered that the region's fertile terra preta, meaning "black earth" in Portuguese, contained high amounts of charcoal made by ancient civilizations. Zones of the rich, black soil are surrounded by infertile soils. Lehmann had a hunch that the charcoal was responsible for giving the black soils their renowned fertility. In 2000, he added charcoal to degraded Amazonian soil in an outdoor experiment. It greatly increased the fertility of the soil (Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 2006, DOI: 10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5). Today, Lehmann is a professor of soil biogeochemistry and soil fertility at Cornell University and still studies the effects of charcoal on soil. He works with a substance often referred to as biochar. The solid material is formed by decomposing biomass at elevated temperatures


A46-year-old Italianman seropositiveforhumanimmunodefi-ciency virus (HIV) type 1 was admitted to our department witha 3-month history of nonproductive cough and progressivelyworsening dyspnea. The patient was a former heroin addictwith liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus and previouslytreated visceral leishmaniasis and latent syphilis. He was on an-tiretroviral treatment consisting of emtricitabine, tenofovir, andfosamprenavir with an undetectable HIV load and a CD4 T-lymphocyte count of 180 cells/µL. On hospital admission, thepatient was afebrile but short of breath at rest, with a heart rateof 110 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 35 breaths perminute, and oxygen saturation of 80% on room air. Physical ex-amination revealed holoinspiratory wheezing. His oral cavitywas unremarkable. Arterial blood gas showed an arterial pH of7.48, an oxygen partial pressure of 56 mm Hg, and a carbondioxide partial pressure of 28 mm Hg while breathing ambientair. A computed tomographic scan of the chest was performedshowing multiple bilateral pulmonary lesions,somewith acavi-tary appearance (Figure 1). Bronchoscopy demonstrated tra-cheal subocclusion caused by irregular, friable rosy vegetationsextending over 4 cartilaginous rings (Figure 1C). Biopsies wereobtained (Figure 2).What isyour diagnosis?


Comprehensive measurements are being performed within nuclear power plants (three Boiling Water Reactors, BWRs, and four Pressurized Water Reactors, PWRs) to collect radioiodine and other radionuclide data as part of a research project to develop information and test models on emission sources and transport mechanisms to permit greater accuracy in predicting the fate of radioiodine materials within nuclear power plants. This report, on project RP 274-1, contains data accumulated for the period April through August 1975 from the following three BWRs: Oyster Creek (640 MW(e) BWR2-Mark 1), Monticello (545 MW(e), BWR3-Mark 1), and Vermont Yankee (540 MW(e), BWR4-Mark 1). Sampling began in August 1974 and will be completed in December 1975 for the BWRs. PWR measurements have started at the Ginna and the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plants, and the third and fourth plants are in the process of being selected. The PWR measurements will be completed early in 1977. (GRA)


The strategy of Mr Hawke's right-wing critics had been widely publicized beforehand. In the hope of draining support from his left-centre coalition in the elections to the interstate executive, they were to press two allegationsthat the A.C.T.U. leadership since 1969 had, first, exceeded its legitimate functions by authorizing the use of industrial action for &dquo;political&dquo; ends, and, second, neglected to act on other matters of proper concern to the trade unions. Mr Hawke's left-wing critics, on the other hand, intended to support his coalition's candidates in the elections while attempting to have Congress bind the executive to militant action on key issues. Little publicity had been given this strategy partly because it smacked more of a business-as-usual approach; partly because of a prevailing tendency to overlook the considerable differences in outlook between Mr Hawke and his nominal supporters of the


Jana Lenze and Stephan Klasen. 2016. "Does Women's Labor Force Participation Reduce Domestic Violence? Evidence from Jordan." Feminist Economics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2016.1211305 When the above article was first published online Tables 4 and 5 contained errors. The errors have now been corrected in both the print and online versions, to read as follows: The titles of Tables 4 and 5 have been corrected to read: Table 4 LPM of experiencing domestic violence. Table 5 2SLS Probability of experiencing domestic violence, instrumental variable estimation: second stage estimates At the bottom of Table 5, the rows F Test of joint significance First-Stage results-instruments have been transposed, so that 'F test of joint significance' appears below 'First-Stage results-instruments.' The authors apologize for these errors.


Opium plantation and caravan drug trade had been the main economic and social pattern for hundred years in the mountainous Shan States of northern Burma until early 1968, when the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) established its strong military forces along the border with China with substantial assistance from Mao's China, including military advisors and experienced PLA soldiers. With the development of armed revolutionary movement backed by Beijing, large number of Chinese youths smuggled across the border and joined the CPB forces with the aim to liberate Burmese from the so-called feudal exploitation. Various participants such as local warlords, different ethnic groups based in the Shan States, Chinese migrants, and the KMT military remnants were thus forced to be involved in the unfortunate Cold War history of Asia for more than two decades. Based on local records and interviews with former senior CPB military officials in Northern Burma, this paper looks at a number of issues, including how the Maoism was introduced into and propagandized among the CPB forces; What kind of role was played by Mao's China in designing and manipulating the bilateral relations between China and Burma; How Chinese migrants, either old migrants or new ones, were involved in the cruel Cold War of the Burmese jungle, and finally, why the CPB suddenly collapsed with the end of Cold War in the early 1990s.


A successful deep learning-based method for separation of a speech signal from an interfering background audio signal is based on neural network prediction of time-frequency masks which multiply noisy signal's short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to yield the STFT of an enhanced signal. In this paper, we investigate training strategies for mask-prediction based speech-background separation systems. First, we examine the impact of mixing speech and noise files on the fly during training, which enables models to be trained on virtually infinite amount of data. We also investigate the effect of using a novel signal-to-noise ratio related loss function, instead of mean-squared error which is prone to scaling differences among utterances. We evaluate bi-directional long-short term memory (BLSTM) networks as well as a combination of convolutional and BLSTM (CNN+BLSTM) networks for mask prediction and compare performances of real and complex-valued mask prediction. Data-augmented training combined with a novel loss function yields significant improvements in signal to distortion ratio (SDR)and perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) as compared to the best published result on CHiME-2 medium vocabulary data set when using a CNN+BLSTM network.


The image of malaria parasite is an image obtained from result capture by using a digital microscope. Magnification performed is 1000 times. The image of malaria parasite which taken from health laboratory center of Province of North Sumatra was having some noises; hence it needed improvement. Improved image is a process on the image that initially has an image with poor quality or contained noises. In this image improvement operation, the image quality will be improved in order to get better quality. The used method to enhance the image was histogram equalization and contrast stretching. Malaria parasite image data consisted of 60 image data which was consisting of malaria falciparum, vivax, malariae along with its stage such as ring, tropozoit, skizon and gametocyte. Performance evaluation used Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The result is contrast stretching gave better quality in improving the image of malaria parasites.


Objective To study the relationship between osteoporotic hip fracture(OHF) and polymorphism of cytochrome P450c19 genes.Methods By using a group correlation analysis,we made a case-control study of seven single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) sites groupinge and haplotype in 400 OHF patients from Shaanxi Guanzhong population and 400 normal samples as controls.Results A total of 700 samples were successfully genotyped.Correlation analysis identified three blocks and selected seven tag SNPs.According to the variance analysis,rs7167343,rs8031463,and polymorphism of haplotype 3 were associated with hip fracture.Conclusion Cytochrome P450c19 genes have association with the incidence of osteoporotic fracture in the Han population we studied from Shaanxi Guanzhong region.Therefore,cytochrome P450c19 genes may affect the incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture in the Han population from Guanzhong region,Shaanxi Province.


In this work the CdS nanocrystals (NC) photoluminescence quantum efficiency (η) was determined by thermal lens technique. Due the high NC diameter a near-infrared emission is observed and η was determined η ~ 60%.


Wireless communication system uses a plurality of carrier frequencies, each having one associated frequency band. System base station sector transmitter transmits ordinary signaling, such as user data, for example, in the band assigned thereto. Sector base station transmitter, and its frequency band, and transmits a beacon signal into the frequency band used for its ordinary signaling by adjacent sector transmitters periodically. Beacon signal is a short duration high power signal having a sector transmission power concentrated on one or a few tones, can be readily detected. Each beacon signal may be specified for source base station sector transmitter on the basis of the example tone. Mobile nodes that are tuned to a single carrier band, without requiring switching of the carrier band, receiving a plurality of beacon signals, identifies the source by comparing the received strength of the beacon, the handoff make a decision.


Stammerng Q.-What are the causes of stammering ? What treatment is advised for an adult stammerer? Would hypnotherapy be likely to prove helpful ? A.-The precise cause of stammering is not definitely known and is still a matter of controversy. Experience suggests that no single cause is common to all cases. Different factors or a combination of circumstances may give rise to the disorder. Consequently, various theories have been advanced to account for stammering. These include: (1) The theory of "handedness "-that is, the attempt to convert an inherently left-handed child into a right-handed one; this endeavour certainly appears to account for a certain proportion of cases, as left-handed tendencies have been found to be present in 60% of cases. (2) The theory that stammering is purely psychological in origin and dependent on emotional disturbances and maladjustment. This view fails to account for the fact that over 80% of cases are males, a proportion seen in no other form of psychoneurosis. Secondary psychogenic factors are very frequent, such as self-consciousness and fear of ridicule; the observer of these manifestations may have the inevitable tendency to seek psychopathological explanations for the primary speech defect as well as for the secondary manifestations. Other less important theories include neuromuscular imbalance and defective auditory imagery. Hypnotherapy is not likely to prove helpful, and experience shows that any immediate result obtained from hypnosis is very temporary. As regards treatment, no brief general instruction can be formulated and the condition is best treated by a qualified speech therapist. (There is a register of speech therapists, obtainable from the Board of Registration of Medical Auxiliaries at 13.M.A. House.) If, however, any psychological factors are likely to be present, a psychiatrist should be consulted in the first instance.


To explore the links between the youth and politics in the conditions of our time, this article analyzes the students' organization at the University of Buenos Aires, in relation with the economic and social transformation emergency that found their highest point of condensation by the end of 2001. We support the idea that independent groups can be thought of as new spaces for politicization as well as shelters for disappointed young militants, becoming territories for youth's political experimentation.


Extreme learning machine (ELM) is an efficient and practical learning algorithm used for training single hidden layer feed-forward neural networks (SLFNs). ELM can provide good generalization performance at extremely fast learning speed. However, ELM suffers from instability and over-fitting, especially on relatively large datasets. Based on probabilistic SLFNs, an approach of fusion of extreme learning machine (F-ELM) with fuzzy integral is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm consists of three stages. Firstly, the bootstrap technique is employed to generate several subsets of original dataset. Secondly, probabilistic SLFNs are trained with ELM algorithm on each subset. Finally, the trained probabilistic SLFNs are fused with fuzzy integral. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can alleviate to some extent the problems mentioned above, and can increase the prediction accuracy.


In this work an improved large-signal transistor model is developed especially for InP DHBTs based on Agilent ADS SDD model platform. This model includes the nonlinear effects of current blocking and velocity modulation. The model is verified on Vitesse VIP2 300GHz InP/InGaAs DHBTs and the simulation results of different models are compared with measured results. In addition to the validation of single devices, integrated circuits were designed and measured. It is shown that the model presented in this paper has more accurate predictions in circuit nonlinearity than conventional VBIC results.


Those who advocate relaxing regulations that protect health, safety, and the environment in order to save money that is needed for capital investment may be bargaining for a larger bill in the future. The example of Love Canal in New York is offered as a case in point in which proper isolation of Hooker Chemical's wastes would have been relatively inexpensive compared to the present costs of clean up and damage claims. Pollution control costs and benefits can be estimated, although outdated and inappropriate regulations need to be eliminated at the same time. An industrial society needs to determine which of its products and by-products it can afford, but the determination of the price must include societal as well as traditional cost accounting.


Identification of the requirements for a handheld computer in aviation maintenance by Goossen, Kuyper and de Boer. In many MRO departments problems are encountered with the use of manuals, task lists and 'black books' on paper. These problems are a critical factor for aviation safety and productivity in MRO. The NLR (Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory) has proposed a system called PAMELA using handheld computers to overcome many of the problems associated with the use of paper documents in aviation maintenance. The PAMELA concept has not previously been tested in actual practice. This paper presents the results of a study to determine which functions will need to be fulfilled by a handheld computer in aviation maintenance for it to be successfully introduced. Referentie Goossen, M., Kuyper, Y., & de Boer, R.J. (2011), Identification of the requirements for a handheld computer in aviation maintenance, 2nd Air Transport and Operations Symposium (ATOS 2011), Delft, The Netherlands.


This chapter introduces online bulletin board dialogues (OBBDs). It focuses on how to make dialogues work. Besides, in this study, the strategies and principles of conversation design based on media richness theory is discussed to generate a theoretical framework of conversation design. This framework shows that the new ways of adjusting democratic conversations to contemporaneous realities. OBBDs are influenced of several things, such as political pressures, personal aspirations, and so forth, the desire to exercise power, the overriding issues of global need, and ambition. On the other hand, OBBDs build on shifting sands or unfirm earth of feelings and interests. The author hopes that making OBBDs work can help online communication workers find the diverse resources, multicultural experiences, and egalitarian opportunities that open their minds and broaden their perspectives. Furthermore, discussing the main characteristics of bulletin boards for building knowledge networks can construct very powerful paradigm shifts to build online communities with new communication technologies.


Hydrogen and carbon‐13 NMR chemical shifts of five complexes of 1,8‐bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene with strong acids were measured in acetonitrile‐d3 and nitromethane‐d3 and identified by 2D, NOE difference and long‐range enhanced COSY spectra. The assignments of the resonances corresponding to H‐2,7, H‐4,5, C‐3,6 and C‐4,5 obtained in this study differ from those reported previously.


Although superoxide (O2−) plays an important role in vascular diseases, direct measurement of O2− in viable tissue remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to design and validate a procedure to measure O2− generation using freshly isolated aorta.


The study of the properties of solar cells is a relevant topic since the development of solar energy corresponds to the global trend and the course of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the transition to a «green» economy. Various properties of solar cells such as resistivity and surface resistance, carrier lifetime, reflectivity, quantum efficiency, directly affect the efficiency of solar cells. This paper is devoted to obtaining and comprehensive study of solar cells manufactured on the basis of the Kazakhstani silicon of «solar» quality. The study applied: a method of microwave detected photoconductive decay (μ-PCD), four probe methods for measuring resistance, methods for spectrometric analysis of reflection, transmission and photoluminescence coefficients, scanning electron microscopy, and methods for analyzing current-voltage characteristics. The mastered methods of solar cells production are described. A modification of the standard Back Surface Field (BSF) cell line to the Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC) line has been proposed.


Summary Given a polynomial with all real roots, the Polynomial Root Dragging Theorem states that moving one or more roots of the polynomial to the right will cause every critical point to move to the right, or stay fixed. But what happens to the position of a critical point when roots are dragged in opposite directions? In this note we discuss the Polynomial Root Squeezing Theorem, which states that moving two roots, ri and rj, an equal distance toward each other without passing other roots, will cause each critical point to move toward (ri and rj)/2, or remain fixed.


The absolute viscosities of H2, D2, CH4, and CO have been determined from measurements in a capillary‐flow viscometer in the temperature range from —50° to 150°C and at pressures below 200 atm with an average precision of 0.1%. The accuracy of the measurements, with some exceptions, is estimated to be about 0.2%. Comparison of the H2 and D2 viscosities appears to confirm a difference between their intermolecular potentials.


An oscillatory pressure response due to the generation of radiolytic gas voids was observed during a prompt criticality with 10% enriched uranium nitrate solution in the Transient Experiment Critical Facility (TRACY) of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). In order to understand the mechanism of the nuclear thermal-hydraulic behavior in solution fuelcriticality accidents, the mechanism of the oscillatory pressure response was studied using both the measured data and visual observation of the solution behavior. A simplified vibration model for the estimation of the generated volume of radiolytic gas voids was proposed using the measured data of the pressure period and the solution mass. Rapid depressurization experiments with carbonic acid water were also carried out in order to verify the application of the simplified vibration model for radiolytic gas voids. Consequently, the generated volume of radiolytic gas voids for the oscillatory pressure case was correlated as a function of the energy for the generation of gas voids.


Immigration has been central to the creation of the working class in many western European societies, albeit not on a scale comparable to the United States of America. Nowhere was this truer for the period of the "second wind" of industrialization, from the mid-1890s to the Depression, than in France, where low natural population growth and a large, stable peasantry reluctant to leave the land caused acute labor shortages in industry and in commercialized agriculture. By the 1 920s France was second only to the United States of America as an industrialized immigrant society.' The state did little more than facilitate or, with the onset of the Depression, limit this influx. For the most part, the actual process of immigration was left to the collective and individual motivation of the immigrants and to the market forces of the private enterprise economy. In consequence, the conditions and experiences of the immigrants were not the subject of detailed state surveillance, and the records which might allow their exploration are diverse, fragmented, and in all probability very limited-especially in so far as the subjective experience of the immigrants is concerned. Testimony from the immigrants themselves is, understandably, ex-


Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) requires a high Strehl ratio point spread function (PSF) to achieve high resolution, especially in the presence of background fluorescence. The PSF is degraded by aberrations caused by imperfections in the optics, the refractive index mismatch between the sample and coverslip, and the refractive index variations of the sample. These aberrations distort the shape of the PSF and increase the PSF width directly reducing the resolution of STORM. Here we discuss the use of Adaptive Optics (AO) to correct aberrations, maintaining a high Strehl ratio even in thick tissue. Because the intensity fluctuates strongly from frame to frame, image intensity is not a reliable measure of PSF quality, and the choice of a robust optimization metric is critical. We demonstrate the use of genetic algorithms with single molecule imaging for optimization of the wavefront and introduce a metric that is relatively insensitive to image intensity. We demonstrate the correction of the wavefront from measurements of single quantum dots.


When an anhydrous mixture of liquid hydrogen sulphide and liquid sulphur dioxide contained in a sealed tube at -78 °C is gently warmed, the liquid remains clear until the temperature reaches c. -40 °C, when sulphur is slowly deposited. Careful measurements reveal that the two compounds always react in the mole ratio, H2S : SO2 = 3 : 2, which contrasts with the stoichiometric equation 2H2S + SO2 =2H2O + 3S, widely quoted for their reaction in the moist gaseous phase or in aqueous solution. This low temperature reaction forms the basis of a novel high vacuum method for estimating milligram quantities of hydrogen sulphide when in the presence of gases, such as carbon dioxide, whose volatilities are sufficiently similar to preclude the use of normal low-temperature vacuum fractionation methods.


ABSTRACT Are COVID-19 spread and mortality related to different countries' government mobility restriction policies, democratic institutions, and cultural norms? Leveraging data from 140 countries, we find that policy, institutions, and vulnerabilities interact to determine pandemic spread and mortality. A delay in restricting international mobility increases pandemic mortality. Combining vulnerabilities with a delay in domestic mobility restrictions increases mortality. Democratic countries have faster policy responses and lower pandemic mortality, but they also face more adverse effects from a delay in restricting domestic mobility. More individualistic countries have a higher pandemic spread, and their delay in domestic mobility restrictions is associated with higher pandemic mortality.


Kampung Jayengan was formed in the early 19th century, when the royal family asked the jewelers from Martapura to come to Surakarta. Craftsmen were asked to make jewelry for the royal family in collaboration with Chinese ethnic gold entrepreneurs. They settled and married with local residents, so that cultural events took place such as the distribution of 'Samin' porridge and "Jarwana" cultural parade". The Surakarta government established Jayengan as a creative economy industrial area. Constraints that occur: lack of tourism promotion, cultural events only once a year, lack of availability of raw materials, lack of internal support, competition with other industries. The purpose of the research is to make the strategy of tourism development. The study was conducted with interviews and questionnaires to identify activities, authentic values and tourist infrastructure. The identification results are made into a questionnaire variable and then processed into an External Internal Matrix (IE). IE Matrix for Jayengan readiness in cell I, handicraft products in cell IV. It can be concluded that the right strategy is Grow and Build with the development of tourist activities, authentic values and tourist infrastructure. The benefits of this study provide direction in developing strategies for urban villages as tourist destination.


There is a notable tension in the George and Rilke seminar. … All of this affects my dream life in rather adverse ways; every time I was nasty in the seminar, I tremble that the old demon castigates me for this in a dream, and the fear is not always unfounded. —Max Kommerell to Hedwig Kerber-Carossa, 19431 Robert E. Norton, in his magisterial Secret Germany: Stefan George and His Circle, calls the literary scholar and Germanist Max Kommerell (1902–1944) "arguably the most original philosophical literary critic who wrote in German during the twentieth century—second only, perhaps, to Walter Benjamin."2 For…


Indonesia's economic success in the maritime sector have ups and downs, it is normal for the support of the local maritime economy, the maritime economy requires particular expertise in implementation, it is not simple, for example, the handling of ships in ports, may cause high cost economy if mismanaged. Based on the data on the number of schools and colleges based maritime, Indonesia is still difficult to independently manage the maritime economy, this is an indicator of Indonesian human resources of the maritime sector. With the analysis of research and development to generate a clear picture, the author tries to create a script to get the simple conclusion that can be understood reader


This work deals with modeling and controlling the oscillations of a horizontally-supported car under the effect of a nonlinear spring, a damper, and a harmonic excitation external force. The proposed controller is the integral resonant controller (IRC) which is a first order oscillator coupled the car via a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) and a servo-controlled linear actuator(SCLA). The multiple scales perturbation method is used to obtain an approximate solution and stability analyses are carried out. Based on the stability analysis, the optimum values of the controller parameters are recommended in this work for a better control operation. Several response curves are plotted for clarifying the concept of the proposed integral resonant control algorithm.A numerical simulation of the car's motion is achieved by numerically integrating the model equations with the 4th order Rung-Kutta algorithm. The applied controller can treat the severe jumps in the oscillation amplitude where it is suppressed at different conditions of forward and backward sweeping of the amplitude and frequency of the external excitation force.


constantly produce cells from a stem cell reservoir that give rise to proliferating transit amplifying cells, which subsequently differentiate and are positioned in their proper compartments. This process has to be under stringent control to ensure life-long tissue homeostasis. It has now become clear that the same signaling pathways that are important during embryonic development control selfreneving tissues. Canonical Wnt signaling plays a key role in regulating intestinal tissue homeostasis. Moreover the same pathway is disregulated during intestinal tumorogenesis due to mutations of crucial pathway components. Over past years research has focused in revealing the molecular mechanism on how Wnt signaling regulates normal intestinal homeostasis and promotes cancer development. These studies revealed closely linked roles of Wnt signaling in homeostatic selfrenewal and cancer as genetic program induced in colorectal cancer cells is active in native intestinal progenitor cells. This program promotes proliferation and imposes intestinal progenitor cells to cancer phenotype, when ectopically active. The focus of the current research is to reveal the significance and contribution of the individual members in this genetic program of normal intestinal homeostasis and cancer. Here we briefly describe architecture of gastro-intestinal tract and Wnt signaling pathway components. We further summarise recent insights on how Wnt signaling controls intestinal epithelial homeostasis and cancer formation. We then discuss Wnt target genes from their perspective role in cancer formation. At the end we underline the potential importance of Wnt signaling in promoting various regenerative processes and introduce the significance of intestinal epithelial regeneration.


Background: Quality and higher fodder production is one of the important aspects to get higher productivity from live stock. India suffer a net deficiency of 35.6% green fodder, 10.95% dry crop residues and Jammu and Kashmir faces a net deficit of 19% in fodder. The choice to grow cultivated fodder crops during kharif season in Kashmir is limited and are grown generally under rainfed conditions. The major kharif season fodder cereal crops are maize and sorghum and the legume fodder crops are cowpea and soybean. To improve the quality and yield of fodder crops, it is important to standardise production technology for legume fodder crops.
Methods: A field experiment was undertaken at Agronomy Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir during kharif 2019 and 2020 to study the impact of different fertility management practices on productivity and economics of forage soybean. The experiment comprising of seven treatments laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications.
Result: Application of N, P2O5, K2O (30, 90, 45 kg/ha) along with 0.1 tons/ha vermicompost recoded higher green fodder productivity and growth characters of soybean. However application of N, P2O5, K2O (20, 60, 30 kg/ha) was found economically viable option.


Patients choices among birth control methods should be guided by new data on pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID). For example it now appears that studies published in the 1970s overestimated the risk of PID and subsequent infertility in IUD users. There are 4 reasons for this: 1) PID was overdiagnosed in IUD users; 2) controls in many studies used barrier contraceptives or oral contraceptives (OCs) known to have a protective effect against PID; 3) PID occurring soon after IUD insertion was not distinguished from that occurring later; and 4) risk of PID was not evaluated according to IUD type. Recent studies suggest the following conclusions. When Dalkon Shields are excluded the risk of PID and tubal fertility is much lower than was previously assumed. Except during the 1st several months after insertion there is no significantly increased risk of PID. Users having a single sex partner appear to have no increased risk of tubal infertility. And risk of associated tubal infertility is lower in parous than nulliparous women. Careful patient selection remains the key to IUD use. Nulliparous women those having multiple sexual partners and those with a history of PID are generally not good candidates for an IUD. Women who use OCs have only half the risk of developing PID than nonusers and those who do get PID tend to have milder infections. Finally there should be wider dissemination of the fact that women whose sexual partners use condoms gain partial protection from PID. This protection can be enhanced by combining condom or diaphragm use with use of a spermicide. A major obstacle to the diagnosis of PID is the lack of an inexpensive rapid and accurate test for C trachomatis.