Polyneuropathy is the syndrome of vibration disease, which occupies one of the leading places in the structure of occupational diseases in industrialized regions. Vibration impact on the body causes a change in neurohumoral control, functional parameters of the nervous system, leads to the development of tissue hypoxia and damage to the cells of various organs. The key direction in the elaboration of means for the prevention of these disorders is the search for new biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. Of particular interest as a medicinal raw material is suffruticous Securinega (Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd.). In the extracts of this plant there were found following biologically active compounds: alkaloids, terpenoids, unsaturated styrenes, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, etc. The most studied alkaloid, securinine, has a wide range of pharmacological activity: anticancer, antimicrobial, and stimulating effects on the central nervous system.
The review describes the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the adaptogenic action of Securinega in various pathological conditions. In vitro and in vivo experiments extracts from Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd. were shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, improve cell metabolism, and have antioxidant properties. It has been established that Securinega can be a potential therapeutic agent for early atherosclerosis, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with systemic neuroinflammatory processes. Continuing the study of the biological effect of the plant can become the base for its scientifically justified preventive use when workers are exposed to harmful production factors, including local and whole-body vibration.
The review was prepared using the MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, and RSCI databases.


.V. SUMMARY The utilization of vitamin A (continuously administered in low doses) from a stabilized dry preparation and from fish liver oil has been compared in experiments with chickens. The preparations have been administered by mixing through the feed and by direct dosing into the beaks of the animals respectively. Two criteria have been used : a storage of vitamin A in the livers, b growth. Modifications, for both methods permitting a quantitative statement of the results, have been develoi»ed. In order to obtain reliable figures, it was necessary to exclude any influence of dif ferences in stability of the preparations investigated. Therefore, in the experiments during which the preparations were administered through the feed, this mixing was performed daily. The results, obtained by means of both criteria, lead to the conclusion that, aside from the question of stability, 1 I.U. of vitaijiin A in the form of the dry preparation, mixed through the feed, has the same biological activity in chickens as 1.3 I.U. of vitamin A in the form of fish liver oil. An experiment in which the mixing took place only once (5 weeks before the start of the experiment) resulted in an "activity ratio" of about 4.


URING the mid 1970s rotating internships disappeared from American postgraduate medical education. Their demise marks a fundamental departure from a long established format. A number ofreasons have been cited for the change that supposedly reflect society's needs and demands and the proliferation of medical knowledge and technology. Adaptation and change in any field is expected and is often necessary to meet changing roles and needs. So it is with medicine. However, eliminating rotating internships and consequently instituting straight internships has not and will not create the changes that medical educators and administrators perceive as necessary if American medicine is to carry out its mission successfully in the late 20th century. In fact, by eliminating rotating internships, we have inadvertently created impediments to our quest for well trained, dedicated, and efficient American physicians. I would not arrogate to myself omniscience in solving this complex problem, but I feel that it is urgent to present a point of view and a case for reorientation in American postgraduate medical education. It is a point of view that may be unpopular because we have gone so far that reorientation would cause much consternation and expense. However, considering the long-term consequences that I see as deriving from our present system, I feel that a change, in the long view, would be worth the temporary disruption. The longer a remedy is withheld, the more difficult the cure. Having graduated from medical school in 1959, I have spent more than 20 years in postgraduate medical education, first as a rotating intern, then as a resident, and finally as a teacher of both residents and medical students. Throughout that time, I have observed a general decline in the ability of house officers to care for the whole patient. The innate intelligence, integrity,


According to the communication method between Omrom CPM2A type PLC and super-computer, how to realize the communication between super-computer and PLC by using MSComm ActiveX in Visual C~(++) environment is introduced in this paper. It also gives details program design process and codes.


cancer-related deaths among men and women (1). Based on the most recent statistics, the 5 year survival rate is about 18% (1). Previous work from our lab has shown that using 3D gelatin hydrogels as a substitute extracellular matrix induces an epithelial to mesenchymal-like transition by A-549 cells (2). It is important to fully characterize the cells from this model system as well as develop models for other stages of the metastatic process. Events to model include dissociation of cells from the primary epithelium, migration into the surrounding tissue, transit through the circulatory system and colonization of a secondary site. The transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype can be influenced by the extracellular matrix that the cells are exposed to (3, 4). The contact with type I collagen induces both a stem cell-like phenotype (3) while fibronectin stimulated metastatic potential and invasion of lung cancer cells (4). Our results with denatured collagen (gelatin hydrogel) supported the observation of Kirkland (2009) producing cells with stem cell-like properties that persisted once the cells were returned to 2D cultures. This seems to mimic the first stage in metastasis, the escape from the epithelial layer. We wished to look for other model systems to mimic other stages in the metastatic process in vitro, to allow a more complete analysis of the progression and drug sensitivity of cells as they move throughout the individual. The aim of this study was to further characterize the phenotype of cells cultured in the presence of fibronectin or a 3D hydrogel.


Executive discretion and dominance in the European Union is salient due to the considerable reinforcement of both political and administrative power in recent years towards types of decision-making that eschew electoral accountability and democratic control. This includes not only new executive actors such as the President of the European Council, the High Representative of Common Foreign and Security Policy and the European External Action Service but also the expansion and intensification of the remit of existing actors such as the Secretariat General of the Council, the European Central Bank, security agencies and committees. At the EU level we have (semi-) autonomous administrative executive power that is not embedded in a democratically elected government at the same level of governance but still adopts decisions with highly relevant political implications. This democratic gap is fed by far-reaching secrecy arrangements and practices exercised in a concerted fashion by various executive actors at different levels of governance and resulting in the blacking out of crucial information and documents – even for parliaments and courts. The more recent security crisis induced accelerated decision-making and security measures with fundamental implications for civil liberties brought to a fore by the Paris attacks combined with the refugee influx. The state of the security exception has been greatly reinforced in Europe – through legislation, both national and supranational. In December 2015, the European Commission adopted a series of measures aimed at transforming the current system of border management into the European Border and Coast Guard.


As a kind of rare earth fluorescent material, the rare earth upconversion nanomaterial can be applied in various fields such as biological detection and imaging, solar cells, and safe positioning, which has attracted wide concerns. In this study, the novel material is applied to the
 preparation of biological nano-fluorescent probes. Due to its broad UV absorption spectrum, cobalt oxyhydroxide is selected and used as a quencher for upconversion nanomaterials. Once the cobalt oxyhydroxide is placed on upconversion nanomaterials, the surface reaction can effectively remove
 the fluorescence reaction of the upconversion nanomaterial. In terms of the molecular miRNA tests for cells and living organisms, the nano-fluorescent probe can reduce the fluorescence intensity of miRNA, while the control group can finish the normal fluorescence reaction. The designed fluorescent
 probe can adjust the contents of cobalt oxyhydroxides and cells to regulate the fluorescence intensity. In terms of the miRNA sensitivity tests, the fluorescence intensity detected by the nano-fluorescent probe is significantly lower than that in the control group, which can be observed through
 the fluorescence recovery tests of the chemical system. After the addition of miRNA obtained from cells or living organisms, the fluorescent probe has apparently changed the fluorescence intensity of miRNA in cells/living organisms. Also, the detection range of miRNA is effectively expanded,
 i.e., the different concentrations of miRNA can be detected by adjusting the ratio of the components of the fluorescent probes, which indicates the excellent sensitivity of the fluorescent probe in detecting miRNA in cells and living organisms. In terms of the miRNA tests for cells, different
 degrees of cancer cells are selected. The fluorescent probe can discriminate the concentration of cancer cells according to fluorescence imaging of cancer cells, thereby further explaining that the fluorescent probe has high-sensitivity in bio-detection.


This study shows how the mix of advertising and research that maximizes net revenue for a commodity can be approximated for given values of market prices, margins and quantities, along with price elasticities of supply and demand, and the elasticity of demand with respect to advertising and the elasticity of supply and the price margin with respect to research.


The voltammetric response of poly(o-toluidine) electrochemically grown films of about 62 nm thick was investigated in the temperature range 218-293 K, using 3.7 M sulfuric acid. The peak current, i p , corresponding to the first oxidation process decreases with temperature. The peak current depends linearly on the sweep rate at all temperatures. At about 260-270 K, a discontinuity in the i p vs. T plot is observed. The peak potential for the anodic sweep shifts in the positive direction as the temperature is decreased and the full peak width at half-maximum, E w , increases as temperature is decreased. On the other hand, for the cathodic sweep, the peak potential just slightly shifts in the positive direction, and E w does not change as the temperature is decreased. In strongly acidic H 2 SO 4 solutions, the voltammetric capacity, i p v -1 , is found to be dependent on anion concentration rather than on pH. The temperature dependence of the voltammetric response is explained on the basis that the oxidation process is controlled by ionic movements into the polymer. As the temperature decreases, ionic movements become hindered and a decrease of the polymer voltammetric capacitive current, associated to the redox process, occurs


A new method to process depressions in DEM data is introduced.It is based on a novel concept of spill elevation and integrating the priority queue data structure into the least-cost search algorithm progressively to determine the spill elevation of every grid.The final DEM data after such a processing procedure are the elevation data without depressions.The algorithm is finished with the support of Standard Template Library.It is not only simple to understand but also faster than the other algorithm in processing the different sizes and resolutions of DEMs and has a good drainage extracted from DEM based on the algorithm.


In order to control gas disaster fundamentally, a new method of the preventing and treating of gas explosion-adiabatic oxygenation was put forward. The basic principle of this method is to dilute the gas with a concentration of close-to-explcosion to below the explosive concentration, and send it into the gas-adiabatic-oxygenation-purifying-system through negative transferring system, and then re-treat the remnant gas, changing the CH 4 in gas into CO 2 and H 2O by oxygenation.The experiment is conducted under the conditions of CH 4≤5% with self-designed sealed gas-adiabatic-oxygenation-purifying equipment.


All spatial active noise control (ANC) systems, when deployed in typical room environments, have time-varying acoustic channels between the secondary sources and the error microphones. The conventional online secondary path modeling techniques, which introduce additive auxiliary random noise to estimate the secondary paths, become challenging especially in a multichannel setup. In this work, we propose to use higher-order variable-directivity sound sources as secondary sources for spatial ANC, in which both the interior residual noise field within the control region and exterior sound field due to secondary source radiation are jointly controlled. The aim of controlling the exterior sound field is to minimize room reverberation generated by the secondary sources so that the secondary paths in the proposed algorithm can be approximated as free-field propagation and thus can be pre-calibrated. The system is implemented in an adaptive manner to track noise variations. The results show that the proposed method can effectively cancel spatial noise field and control exterior sound field at an acceptable low level in time-varying room environments.


Procedure of analytical formation of a complex quantitative estimation of a rating of economic potential of the enterprises in view of external and internal environments of their activity, and also the scale factor of the size of the actives, providing reduction of data of the analysis a comparable kind is stated. The example of an illustration of practical realization of the offered method and comparison of the received results with classical methods of formation of rating estimations is shown.


A hollow circular cylinder made of exponentially graded piezoelectric material, such as PZT_4, is considered. Loading is composed of internal and external pressures, a distributed temperature field due to steady state heat conduction with convective boundary condition, an inertia body force due to rotation with constant angular velocity and a constant electric potential difference between its inner and outer surfaces. The material properties except Poisson's ratio and thermal conduction coefficient are assumed to be exponentially distributed along radius. The governing equation in polarized form is shown to reduce to a second-order ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients for the radial displacement. In this article, a closed form solution is presented for this ODE by employing hypergeometric functions such as Whittaker's M and W functions. Also we have considered four different sets of boundary conditions. The electrothermomechanical induced stresses and the electric potential distributions are investigated for


Most running robots and running models use linear leg springs. Non-linear leg springs have the potential to improve the performance of running robots and models, but it is not clear to what extent. In this paper, the effect of non-linear leg springs on disturbance rejection behavior is investigated. The optimal leg stiffness profile is determined by optimizing the gait sensitivity norm, a measure for disturbance rejection. The results of this optimization show that the optimal leg stiffness profile is strongly non-linear, and that the disturbance rejection is a factor of seven better than it would be with the optimal linear leg stiffness. The cause for this great improvement is that non-linear leg springs allow stable limit cycles that are much further away from the fall modes.


Correct and accurate criminal law qualification is a necessary condition for achieving the objectives of criminal law, a guarantee of the criminal proceedings effectiveness, feasibility and timeliness of procedural actions carried out within it. Nevertheless, making mistakes in this area and insufficient attention to qualification might lead to numerous negative or even detrimental consequences: unjustified criminal prosecution of a person, formation of an incorrect legal position by the prosecution and, consequently, irrational workload of criminal justice authorities, futility (uselessness) of criminal proceedings, avoidance of responsibility by the guilty or imposition of either too lenient or vice versa too severe (disproportionate) punishment on them, and the victims being left in an insecure state etc.

Thus, the article covers the issues of criminal law qualification of fraud and determination features of its objective aspect in case of absence of the property owner (the victim) and damage caused to them.

It is concluded that: 1) Article 190 of CC of Ukraine does not specify on which proprietary right the property should be held, being subject matter of the offence. Subject of crime (the guilty) is not obliged to realize this either. Moreover, property could exist without any legal title, although it does not mean the absence of fraud; 2) for criminal law qualification under Article 190 of CC of Ukraine others' property should be recognized any property which does not belong to the guilty party. In this case it does not matter who is the property owner, or even whether the property has an owner at all (ownerless). The exception is qualification of an act under part 2 of Article 190 of CC of Ukraine, since it involves taking into account the property status of a particular person (the victim). At the same time for criminal law qualification of an act under part 1, 3 or 4 of Article 190 of CC of Ukraine the existence of property owner (the victim) and causing damage to them is not required. The above-mentioned is not a mandatory feature of the objective aspect of fraud.

Key words: criminal law qualification, qualification of an act, Article 190 of CC of Ukraine, fraud, property owner absence, victim absence, damage absence, others' property.


Pathological or problem gambling among young people is a concern among health practitioners, parents, and educators. National prevalence studies suggest that the rate of weekly gambling among college students ranges from 2.6%1 to 23%2. A national survey1 of gambling among more than 10,000 college students suggested that 42% of responding students gambled in the past school year and 2.6% gambled weekly or more frequently. Many young adults who gamble do so as a social activity. Social gambling has been defined by the American Psychiatric Association as "gambling which lasts for a limited amount of time with predetermined acceptable losses"3. However, for some individuals, gambling becomes problematic. Many terms have been used to describe gambling behavior that is persistent and maladaptive and is accompanied by symptoms of impairment (e.g., repeated, unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gambling) and disruption in personal, familial, financial, and/or legal arenas3. Terms used to describe this type of gambling behavior include "pathological gambling," "problem gambling," and "disordered gambling"5. For the purpose of the present study, the term problem gambling is used. Studies of problem gambling estimate the rate among college students ranges from 1.2% to 5.6%4, with results varying depending on proximity to gambling venue, indicating that for some young adults, gambling may be a significant problem. A recent area of research focus has been the effect of the Internet on youth gambling. Internet gambling has the potential to expand the number of gamblers and the severity of problem gambling, particularly for young adults6. Due to the vast number of Internet users, Internet advertising, and easy credit card payment methods, Internet gambling is more accessible than many traditional methods of gambling. A recent study7 that assessed Internet gambling behavior among mainly adult patients who presented to a health clinic demonstrated that 8.1% of the sample endorsed lifetime Internet gambling and that individuals with Internet gambling experience had significantly more gambling problems than individuals without Internet gambling experience. Given the particular risk factors that gambling may pose to young adults2, the purpose of the present study was to examine Internet and pathological gambling among a non-clinical sample of college students. A second purpose was to examine correlates of pathological gambling observed in samples of young adults, including sensation-seeking personality and risky behavior. Sensation-seeking personality, a trait that predisposes an individual to seek out new experiences and to take risks to experience novel, varied, and intense experiences8, has been linked in multiple studies to various types of risky behavior, including problem gambling9. Risky behavior, such as reckless driving, reckless sexual behavior, and alcohol or drug use, has also been demonstrated to be associated with problem gambling behavior9,10. Based on this literature, it was hypothesized that both sensation-seeking personality and risk-taking behavior would be predictors of Internet gambling.


Introduction: One of the complications of surgery operation is deep vein thrombosis. Because of its dangerous side effects, it is important to prevent it. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of deep venous thrombosis in patients with DVT-associated risk factors
Methods: This cross-sectionalstudy was performed on 100 patients at high risk for probability of DVT incidence in accordance with the known risk factors of the attached checklist over one-year interval in the General Surgery Department of Imam Reza hospital. All patients underwent lower extremity bandages during operation and prophylaxis with 5,000 units of subcutaneous heparin every 8 hours after surgery. At day-3 after the operation, the Color Doppler Ultrasound of the lower extremity and the evaluation of Iliac and Femoral and Popliteal venous system in two sides (bilateral) were performed.Descriptive statistics were reported in this study.
Results: Incidence of DVT after surgery was evaluated in one hundred high-risk patients underwent heparin prophylaxis for one year. Both sides of lower extremity venous Duplex Scan was performed on the third day after surgery operation. Only one case with partial subclinical thrombosis of the right femoral vein was found. Meanwhile, heparin did not have any complications.
Conclusions: Although the study seems to require a larger sample size for more accurate evaluations, given the fact that all patients were considered to be at high risk for DVT, the final result for one-percent of DVT incidence in this statistic community can be extended to larger communities with further studies.


The housing boom has helped the current generation of older Australians to be the wealthiest generation yet. Potentially this means that the baby boomers do not need to save as heavily for their retirement, as they will be the beneficiaries of this wealth through intergenerational transfers. However, this may be too simplistic. This paper looks at data on who is currently receiving inheritances and finds that those with the least need have the greatest chance of inheriting a significant amount. In other words, the majority of baby boomers have made a mistake if they are relying on an inheritance to fund their retirement.


Tofu processing by small businesses and small-medium industries in the Nagan Raya district of Aceh province still uses traditional methods, resulting in minimal daily production results, one of the obstacles in the field was found that the lack of tofu production results caused by working tools for cutting tofu still using knives one-eyed (kitchen knife), from the above, in this study, a number of model tools to cut tofu were adapted to suit the needs of the home industry, the stages of research in the study of literature, observation of tofu processing in the home industry, design of three models of tool design and analysis perunit costs and time efficiency assumptions about the performance of the tofu cutting device. Design using software produces three models of tofu cutting tools namely, models I and II with main frame stainless P = 100 cm, L = 100 and T = 5 cm, and model III stainless main frame P = 100 cm, L = 8 cm and T = 5 cm ,. Assumption of tool performance from the three design models with consideration of production costs and cutting speed, then from the results of literature studies and observations of the tofu making process traditionally selected model III which is more in line with the conditions of home industry workers in Nagan Raya district, with the specifications of the Long stainless main frame 100 cm Width 1 cm and Height 5 cm, tofu production capacity with two pieces of 256 pieces and a cutting speed of 150 seconds. Keywords — tofu cutting tools, home industry, analysis perunit costs, cutting speed


Consensus on strategic issues in tourist destination communities is an integral part of the extensive body of literature on destination planning and destination policy making. But while there are numerous contributions addressing methods and concepts for achieving explicit consensus, research on implicit consensus among decision-makers that increases the likelihood of collective action is lacking. This article focuses on individual perceptions of prominent actors in four European Alpine destinations and the question of whether they implicitly agree upon selected strategic dimensions. With the help of network data and the application of formal consensus analysis, the empirical research identifies whether there is one common truth and if so, which actors know the truth best and which are the ones who are bad informants or even create dissent. Despite the earlier and ongoing planning processes in the research sites, which involves most of these actors, and despite the explicitly agreed-upon destination strategies and plans, the results show only partial consensus. Against expectations, the best informants are not the most influential actors but rather those prominent individuals who reside in relatively marginal positions, at hierarchical middle levels and with limited responsibility. The results indicate that the less concerned some individuals are with a strategic dimension, the more likely they give the culturally correct answer, because they do not have to advocate or defend a differentiated position. Additionally, external individuals may catalyze the formation of consensus over time, but only after they have first destabilized stalemate perceptions and positions among the local actors. The article concludes with implications for destination planning that complement the current approaches.


Climate change has become a critical issue in the international policy making agenda. At the UNFCC conference in Bali 2007, countries decided on a roadmap to achieve a 'secure climate future'. Given the commitment to limit the temperature increase to 2° Celsius relative to the preindustrial levels, the EU decided in March 2007, as a first step, a 20% reduction of its GHG emissions by 2020, going to 30% if a comprehensive international agreement can be reached. This study uses the multi-sector multi-region world model GEM-E3 in order to identify the world economic implications of different participation schemes for post Kyoto. The scenarios reported in this paper have contributed to the EU communication on 'Limiting Global Change to 2° Celsius the way ahead to 2020 and beyond'.


There can be no doubt about the increased role of promotional language in the practice of contemporary politics. At the same time education policy has come to be seen in the UK as a key strategy for securing economic prosperity. For this reason there is growing critical interest in the relationship between policy, rhetoric, and the often conflicting demands of economy and society. 'The Language of Education Policy' explores this dynamic in three decades of UK education policy spanning five prime ministers from Heath to Blair. Using critical discourse analysis the book examines the textual dynamics of changing forms of educational governance, and critically examines the tensions and inequalities inherent in shaping a knowledge-based, learning society. By devising a computer-aided method of analysis, this book also presents a means of systematically applying CDA to a large body of historical data. Key themes in the book include the increasing use by New Labour of a personalised, inclusive style of political rhetoric to legitimize contentious policy claims, and the increasing language of 'managerialism' in contemporary governance.


Pregnancy causes physiological and psychological changes, which all affect the woman's life Pregnancy is a load causing alterations not just in the mother's pelvic organs but all over the woman's body. The fetus's physiology is different from that of an adult, but it interacts with the mother's systems, causing adaptation and change of function in her body. These adaptations generally move to minimise the stresses imposed and to provide the best environment for the growing fetus; they are usually interlinked smoothly so that the effects on the function ofthe whole organism are minimised. The changes will be dealt with briefly in this article.


UV radiations are well known cellular stressors. Following exposure to genotoxic factors the cells respond by molecular mechanisms aimed to repair the damages, block the proliferation or trigger cell death. Our study investigates how neuronal differentiation interferes with repair processes following UV-induced genotoxic stress, in a model of dopaminergic neurons (SH-SY5Y). Our work proved a higher level of DNA damage induced by UVC radiation in the dose range of 0.358– 2.150 mJ/cm in differentiated cells compared to the proliferative variants. Cellular viability decreases proportionally with the irradiation dose and post-exposure time and correlates with an increased apoptosis through caspase 3/7 activation. These effects were enhanced in differentiated cells in which we have seen increased DNA damage, incomplete repair, exacerbated viability loss and apoptosis induction.


I have already discovered a simple proof of the Riemann Hypothesis. The hypothesis states that the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function have real part equal to 0.5 . I assume that any such zero is s =a+ bi .I use integral calculus in the first part of the proof. In the second part I employ variational calculus. Through equations (50) to (59) I consider (a) as a fixed exponent , and verify that a = 0.5 .From equation (60) onward I view (a) as a parameter (a <0.5 ) and arrive at a contradiction. At the end of the proof (from equation (73)) and through the assumption that (a) is a parameter, I verify again that a = 0.5.


Summary form only given. Wire explosion process has long been studied due to its ability to produce nanoparticles with high purity, high energy efficiency and feasibility to be used for mass production. In general, a high power pulsed current is passed through a thin wire to vaporize the wire by Joule heating. Plasma will be formed thereafter when the supplied energy is sufficient to sustain the plasma. The whole process is basically achieved by discharging a capacitor through the wire. Investigations have been carried out to determine the effect of various experimental parameters like ambiance pressure, ambiance gases etc. on the characteristics of produced nanoparticles. The effects of the ambient medium (Ar, N2 and He) on the size of the nanoparticles were studied by optical emission spectroscopy (OES)1. It was observed that the size of the nanoparticles formed in Ar ambience increases with increasing pressure, while an opposite trend was observed for the nanoparticles produced in N2 and He ambiences. In our earlier works2-4, we have conceptually demonstrated that the arc plasma formation time is crucial for determining the produced nanoparticle size, which is also responsible for opposite trend observed for Ar and N2/He. It was realized that the expanding vapor of the wire material may be reheated partially or completely by arc plasma depending on the arc plasma formation time. It was also realized that fraction of the wire material may escape from the arc plasma formation region without effected by arc plasma. To understand the mechanism of arc plasma formation and reheating of the vapor, OES and time resolve imaging is carried out. In this report, details of the experiments and the results will be presented.


This paper analyzes the consequences of a shift from a floating to a pegged exchange rate regime on the actual and expected inflation rate, in an environment of asymmetric information. Policymaking is endogenous and the public learns rationally. There are two main findings. First, there is a "honeymoon effect" after the regime change, where inflation is lower than in the long run. Second, the asymmetric information outcome converges to that of symmetric information in the long run.


Over the last decade the Catholic Church in Cuba has experienced a changing relationship with the Castro regime. The Church, it seems, has been able to find more space within which to operate despite the historically significant decades of repression after the 1959 Revolution. The Papal Visit of 1998 further enhanced this growth of the Church in Cuban society and acted as an accelerator of positive change. This thesis examines Church-State relations in Cuba from an international, domestic, and individual perspective focusing mainly on events leading up to and after the Papal visit.


Advances in data storage and image acquisition technologies have enabled the creation of large image datasets. Due to the enormous increase in image database sizes, as well as its vast deployment in various applications, the need for Content Based Image Retrieval development arose. In this paper, an efficient Image Search engine has been developed which retrieves the relevant images in accordance to the query image from the huge miscellaneous database using the color and texture features. Color feature is represented by Dominant Color Descriptor (DCD) which defines the dominant colors within an image along with its percentages. Texture feature extraction is implemented using a novel approach called Localized Gabor Filtering. Ultimately, similarity score between query images and the images in database is calculated using the DCD feature vectors along with the mean and standard deviation of the output filtered images. The retrieved images are displayed in a sorted and ranked manner based using the obtained similarity scores. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more accurate and effective for large database with comparatively smaller feature vector dimensions.


The driving design requirements and resulting design characteristics for a two-phase ammonia system of the Space Shuttle are reviewed with particular attention given to operational and station assembly issues related to system activation and steady-state operation. Design is described at an overall system level and an orbit replaceable unit level. It is concluded that a system flow network must be designed and ammonia pressures must be controlled to acquire waste heat efficiently from all contributing heat sources at a controlled temperature.


Introduction: Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is one of the widely used supervised classification technique to allocate/classify the individuals and also instrumental in comparing diagnostic tests. Generally, to deal with classification problems we need to have knowledge on class labels. In most of the medical scenarios, most of data sets exhibit multi-model patterns in class labels which leads to multi-class classification problems. The main aim of this study is to address on the issue of constructing ROC models when there exists multimodel patterns in the class labels further, to classify the individuals for better diagnosis and also to reduce the complexity of graphical representation of ROC curves in such classification problems.
Methods: A new version of univariate and multivariate ROC models are proposed in the framework of Finite Mixtures, due to the flexibility of identifying and modelling the subcomponents in the heterogeneous populations.
Results: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Disk Hernia datasets are used and simulation studies are also performed. Results show that the proposed models possess better accuracy when compared with Bi-Normal and MROC models with reasonable low 1-Specificity and higher Sensitivity. The ROC curves are depicted in a 2D space rather than higher dimension for multi-class classification problem.
Conclusion: It is suggested that before one proceeds to model ROC curves, it is better to take a look at the density patterns of the study variable(s), which in turn help in explaining the true information between the classes and also provides good amount of "true" accuracy.


The study is intended to develop the measures to introduce the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) project manager (Environmental Assessor), who will be responsible for leading the EIA task. This role requires a quality standard of expertise in the area of natural science, social science, knowledge and technology on environment design mechanism, and the integrated approaches that combine the relevant policies and systems. To facilitate the system, the certificate will be given to the person who is well acquainted with the knowledge on EIA with relevant experiences, thereby authorizing them to coordinate the assessment task for reliable outcome. Hence, the need for introducing the system is very crucial. The EIA project manager, as a guide for an EIA project team, shall be the person who has a comprehensive understanding of the project, the knowledge about the principal for implementation of EIA and the expertise in structuring the management system, with a skill to maintain the good relationship with the people engaged in the project. To that end, it is highly recommended to set up such a certificate system to be incorporated in the college curriculum.


The reproductive performance of 152 grade Hereford cows that were 14 to 15 years of age at either death or slaughter resulted in an observed mean of 9.3 +- 0.3 calves and a calculated mean lifetime reproductive capacity of 10.4 calves. The median was 10 calves and the modal number was 12. As dictated by the criterion ''failure to bear a calf during two successive years,'' 15 years was the age at which over 50 percent of the herd became infertile. Ovaries from 69 fertile and 78 infertile cows were serially sectioned and microscopically examined; the groups did not differ in total germ-cell endowment (P greater than 0.05), and fertile significantly exceeded infertile only in number of growing follicles (P less than 0.01). No intergroup difference occurred in either number or quality of vesicular follicles. The mean germ-cell endowment of 14- to 15-year-old cows was 24 +- 3 thousand (N = 147). Cystic corpus luteum was the apparent principal cause of infertility.


An introduction of photonic band-gap structures is presented discussing the general properties of infinite 1-D systems. Finite systems are then considered together with their linear and nonlinear optical properties.


Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) has been widely adapted to the context of behavioral information security research, but results have not been as consistent as studies in PMT's native disciplines. One construct that may provide greater explanatory power in InfoSec contexts is motivation. One of the key elements of effective applications of PMT is the use of fear appeals, which focus on the danger of an outside threat and may be classified as a more control-oriented (i.e. extrinsic) form of communication. Motivation may provide an interesting counterpoint to prior PMT research by incorporating selfdetermined (i.e. intrinsic) forms of persuasive communication in motivating the end user to perform secure behaviors related to information protection. A research model and experimental design are proposed to capture the differences in end user perceptions due to applications of intrinsic or extrinsic forms of communication. Potential implications for research and practice are discussed.


of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Igor Kamenkovich. No. of pages in text. (118) The discovery of multiple nearly zonal oceanic jets enriches the classical view of mid-latitude ocean circulation, which was thought to be dominated by turbulent eddies and large-scale oceanic gyres. These jets emerge as a result of baroclinic instability and are maintained by baroclinic eddies. Potential importance of interactions of these ocean currents with major topographic features, such as the mid-Atlantic ridge, calls for the studies of the effects of bottom topography on the dynamics of eddies and the eddy-driven jets. The importance of bottom topography in the linear baroclinic instability of zonal flows on the β-plane is examined by using analytical calculations and a quasi-geostrophic (QG) eddy-resolving numerical model. The particular focus is on the effects of a zonal topographic slope, which are compared with the effects of a meridional slope. A zonal slope always destabilizes background zonal flows that are otherwise stable in the absence of topography, regardless of the slope magnitude, whereas the meridional slopes stabilize/destabilize zonal flows only through changing the lower-level background potential vorticity (PV) gradient beyond a known critical value. Growth rates, phase speeds and vertical structure of the growing solutions strongly depend on the slope magnitude. In the numerical simulations configured with an isolated meridional ridge, unstable modes develop on both sides of the ridge and propagate eastward of the ridge, in agreement with our analytical results. In the second part of this study, we describe a novel mechanism for the generation of oceanic alternating jets by topographic ridges. The dynamics of these jets is examined using a baroclinic QG model configured with an isolated meridional ridge. Zonal topographic slopes of the ridge lead to the formation of a system of currents, consisting of mesoscale eddies, meridional currents over the ridge, and multiple zonal jets in the far field. Dynamical analysis shows that transient eddies are vital in sustaining the deep meridional currents, which in turn play a key role in the upper-layer PV balance. The zonal jets owe their existence to the eddy forcing over the ridge but are maintained by the Reynolds and form stresses in the far field. Locally nonzonal mean currents are shown to produce zonal jets in the far field, but the presence of local vorticity source appears to be the truly fundamental cause of jet existence. We conclude that local nonzonality of the mean PV contours, due to either a topographic ridge or a nonzonal background flow, can generate multiple zonal jets through a remote mechanism. Lastly, we explore the relationship between eddies and striations in a baroclinic double gyre ocean. Results show that alternating vertically coherent striations exist in the eastern part of the double gyre in short time mean field. Both the baroclinic QG model simulation and the analysis of altimetry sea level anomalies suggest that striations are intrinsically associated with eddy trains. Eddy vorticity forcing is closely associated with the striations and tends to drive the striations to drift meridionally. The concept of eddies being intrinsically related to striations helps to come up with a better parameterization scheme to represent the effects of eddies/striations in comprehensive models. To my parents, Qiju Han and Shujing Chen.


Human social conduct draws upon focal as well as global connected brain mechanisms. These flexible anatomical routes operate in cooperation and coordination for intelligent behaviors. Cues and inputs from human social interaction are processed with ref-erence to innate and acquired mental framework, and inference is drawn toward generation of appropriate output (response).The focalandglobalconnectionsarebeingcharacterizedwithfunctionalneuroimagingtechnology. Brainmappingapproacheshavefa-cilitated comprehensive understanding of networkneurophysiology. There is increased knowledge of pollution threats to delicate neural architecture operating the social conduct, which is a challenge to the quality of personal and social life. The most vulnerable periods are early developmental stages and later during aging. Such kind of distortion is speculated as a possible basis for the hatred held by Hitler. This article briefly introduces related neurophysiologic and neurotoxicological perspectives; moreover, the interdisciplinary research perspectives relevant to development of preventive and corrective interventions are deliberated upon. Responses include sexual behavior, locomotion, and use of varied tools, and tricks.


Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC/HPTLC) or Planar Chromatography is an established method in food analysis. However, there is hardly any other analytical method where the gap between some general knowledge of the average analyst about the existence of the technique and its high-tech standard of today is that large than in TLC/HPTLC. This article gives a survey of the state-of-the-art TLC/HPTLC with respect to methodological and instrumental aspects.


In Indonesia, about 89.75% of all power stations use fossil fuels, and only 10.25% generation uses renewable energy, i.e., hydropower generation, geothermal power, solar power and wind power. The use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas will cause environmental degradation. To help reduce environmental degradation requires the use of renewable energy such as solar energy through power plants in large quantities. In this paper will discuss solar power technically and economically, in this case, the cost of generation per $\mathrm {k}\mathrm {W}\mathrm {h}$ for each solar generating scheme is rooftop Off-grid photovoltaic (PV) system and on- grid PV system. Two schemes were created to calculate the generation cost per $\mathrm {k}\mathrm {W}\mathrm {h}$ for off-grid and grid-connected PV systems based on component prices for several cities in Indonesia. Electricity generation cost per $\mathrm {k}\mathrm {W}\mathrm {h}$ for off-grid PV systems and grid-connected PV system are respectively 4,644 IDR/kWh and 1,244 IDR/kWh compared to PLN electricity tariff is 1,467.28 IDR/kWh.


Abstract Ninety non insulin dependent male diabetic subjects between 40-50 years, free from serious complications were selected from Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) hospital, Ludhiana to study the effect of supplementation of stevialeaf powder and nutrition counselling on anthropometrics parameters and gain in knowledge of non insulin dependent diabetics. The subjects selected were divided into three groups namely group I, group II and group III having thirty subjects each. Group I subjects were only given medicine prescribed by the doctor, group II subjects were given medicine prescribed by the doctor and nutrition counselling and group III subjects were given medicine, nutrition counselling and stevia leaf powder. One gm of stevialeaf powder was incorporated in 500 mg capsules and were given to the subjects daily during breakfast and lunch for three months. Nutrition education was given to the subjects of group II and III for 3 months after fifteen days interval. It was observed that majority of the subjects in all the three groups had craving for sweet foods, liked fried foods. Frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits by the subjects was increased in Group II and III after nutrition counselling. Physical activity pattern of the subjects of Group II and III was increased after nutrition counselling, significant decrease in weight of the subjects of Group II and III was observed. It was seen that there was a significant increase in knowledge, attitude and practices and hence gain in total knowledge of subjects in Group II and III after three months of the study. While there was a non-significant increase in the knowledge of the subjects of Group I. Hence it can be inferred from the results that supplementation of stevialeaf powder along with nutrition counselling significantly improved the nutritional status of diabetic patients


ABSTRACT The boron heteroatom zeolite catalyst has been modified with silicon compound by Chemical Surface Deposition of Liquid-phase (CLD) technique and the catalytic property of the modified catalyst is studied. Meanwhile, the acidity of the modified zeolite catalysts is characterized through TPD and IR technique, and the fluid adsorption method is used to determine its pore structure. The relationship between the catalytic property of the zeolite catalyst and its pore structure, its acidity has been found. The results of toluene–ethylene alkylation reaction indicate that the selectivity of p-ethyltoluene on the modified zeolite catalyst is higher than that on the zeolite catalyst before silanizated, reaching 94.14%.


After considering the ways in which economic factors affect the design of ships' equipment in general and particularly that of cooling systems, the influence of variation of sea water flow on system first cost is examined. An approximate method is proposed whereby a logical approach can be made to interconnection of heat exchangers on the sea water side so as to minimize the cost of the sea water system as a whole. The economics of some systems using an intermediate cooling circuit are examined, using this method. From the point of view of heat exchanger designers, the authors offer in the paper some suggestions on the provision of reserve capacity in heat exchangers and make some points concerning temperature control and corrosion.


—Attributed graph clustering is one of the most im- portant tasks in graph analysis field, the goal of which is to group nodes with similar representations into the same cluster without manual guidance. Recent studies based on graph contrastive learning have achieved impressive results in processing graph- structured data. However, existing graph contrastive learning based methods 1) do not directly address the clustering task, since the representation learning and clustering process are separated; 2) depend too much on graph data augmentation, which greatly limits the capability of contrastive learning; 3) ignore the contrastive message for subspace clustering. To ac- commodate the aforementioned issues, we propose a generic framework called Dual Contrastive Attributed Graph Clustering Network (DCAGC). In DCAGC, by leveraging Neighborhood Contrast Module, the similarity of the neighbor nodes will be maximized and the quality of the node representation will be improved. Meanwhile, the Contrastive Self-Expression Module is built by minimizing the node representation before and after the reconstruction of the self-expression layer to obtain a discriminative self-expression matrix for spectral clustering. All the modules of DCAGC are trained and optimized in a unified framework, so the learned node representation contains clustering-oriented messages. Extensive experimental results on four attributed graph datasets show the superiority of DCAGC compared with 16 state-of-the-art clustering methods. The code of this paper is available at https://github.com/wangtong627/ Dual-Contrastive-Attributed-Graph-Clustering-Network.


A parallel‐beam geometry with analyzer crystal is used for x‐ray diffraction experiments on fast‐moving machine parts. With this method in rotating samples, like turbine blades, strain can be measured in different directions with respect to the acting force by appropriate choice of the diffraction plane. Stroboscopic gating of the counter allows position‐resolved strain examination. Further applications are diffraction experiments on fluids and melts.


In this paper, we proposed a generative graphical model for unsupervised robust feature selection. The model assumes that the data are independent and identically sampled from a finite mixture of Student-t distribution for dealing with outliers. The Student t-distribution works as the building block for robust clustering and outlier detection. Random variables that represent the features' saliency are included in the model for feature selection. As a result, the model is expected to simultaneously realise unsupervised clustering, feature selection and outlier detection. The inference is carried out by a tree-structured variational Bayes (VB) algorithm. The feature selection capability is realised by estimating the feature saliencies associated with the features. The adoption of full Bayesian treatment in the model realises automatic model selection. Experimental studies showed that the developed algorithm compares favourably against existing unsupervised Bayesian feature selection algorithm in terms of commonly-used internal and external cluster validity indices on controlled experimental settings and benchmark data sets. The controlled experimental study also showed that the developed algorithm is capable of exposing the outliers and finding the optimal number of components (model selection) accurately.


In order to meet the needs of the construction of modern agricultural industry system, production system and management system in China, the new agricultural undergraduate colleges and universities should make corresponding adjustments in the aspects of school orientation, professional structure adjustment, innovation of talent cultivation mode, teaching staff construction and social service mode. Taking Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University as an example, this paper makes a systematic study and practice on the above problems which effectively promotes the speciality-industry cohesion, the teaching process docking production process, the teaching content docking production content. The school has won one second prize for national teaching achievements and three first prizes for provincial teaching achievements. Keywords—modern agricultural industrial system, newly-built agricultural undergraduate colleges, application-oriented talent


An investment strategy in a real options model with a jump-diffusion process is considered. Using an integro-differential equation approach, the optimal stopping problem is converted to a free boundary problem. An analytical formula for the option value and a closed-form solution for the investment exercise threshold are obtained. Furthermore, both upper and lower bounds of the threshold are derived and an approximation for the threshold is developed. Finally, numerical examples are presented.


Solid state, low temperature IR (25–7400 cm−1) and Raman (100–2600 cm−1) spectra were obtained for Np(BH4)4 and Np(BD4)4 from which most of the allowed fundamentals were assigned based on the Td molecular structure. Those assignments were used in a normal coordinate analysis to derive a simple force field using eight primary and five interaction constants. This field is very similar to those found for Zr(BH4)4 and Hf(BH4)4. Isotopic impurity, overtone, and combination bands were identified in the IR spectra with the help of the normal coordinate calculations. Near IR spectra of Zr(BH4)4 and Zr(BD4)4 were taken in the range 7400–4000 cm−1 and the observed absorption bands were assigned as either overtone or combination levels.


Article history: Received on: 01/09/2016 Revised on: 17/10/2016 Accepted on: 04/11/2016 Available online: 28/12/2016 Econazole is an imidazole derivative antifungal drug with distinguished antifungal properties. But the bioavailability of conventional econazole preparations is poor because of poor solubility and lipophilicity or lipophilic nature. Thus frequent application of the preparation is required to maintain therapeutic levels at the site of action. Such repeated doses may produce toxic affects thereby limiting the clinical use of the drug. Citric acid dendrimers give an opportunity to overcome the above limitations by improving its solubilization and drug permeation properties. Thus, the aim of current study is to design citric acid dendrimer hydrogels and study its influence on the drug release and anti-fungal activity of loaded drug. Dendritic architecture and size strongly influences the invitro release and antifungal activity of drug. Antifungal activity of designed Econazole hydrogel was measured by Agar plate diffusion method. Zone of inhibition values showed that citric acid dendrimers considerably enhanced the antifungal activity of Econazole to a greater extent and the effect was more with lower generation hydrogels. The operative mechanism is probably the smaller size (G2) that penetrates the fungal cell membrane more efficiently than higher generation (G3 and G4) hydrogels.


We treated a 73-year-old man with a dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with cortical venous drainage of the left mastoid region using transarterial embolization of the middle meningeal and occipital arteries with n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA). The patient's clinical symptoms improved dramatically. Three months after the procedure, follow-up CT showed resolution of white matter edema and follow-up angiograms showed no evidence of a recurrent AVF. This report indicates that dural AVFs without sinus drainage can be cured solely with transarterial NBCA embolization.


To achieve optimal therapy of antibiotics isonefactor supporting the accuracy in prescribing antibiotics errors in prescribing can cause lack of rationality in the use of antibiotics . Antibiotic was commonly used in the clinicor in private practice doctors but also in the centers of other health services such as polyclinics and hospitals the aim of this study is to assess antibiotic prescribing patterns and the level of rationality the use of antibiotics in adult patients at one center of Yogyakarta on the basis of data prescriptions. This Study used descriptive design with retrospective data collection The data was collected from January to April 2010 Data source is a prescription of antibiotics in adult patients We analyzed the antibiotics prescription in the study based on the selection appropriate dos age frequency and duration. We recruited 320 patients receive ing antibiotics. The of antibiotics used were amoxicillin 64.5 % ampicillin 11.3 % kontrimoksazol 15.9% chloramphenicol 0.6 % metronidazole 2.8 % and etracycline 49 % Most of the Patients received a single antibiotic 97.9 %), while the remaining patients received a combination of antibiotics 2.1 % All prescribing meet appropriate dosage, and frequency except cotrimoxazole (98%) and ampicillin 49%). All prescriptions (100%) improper duration. In general antibiotics prescription for adult patients at one health center in Yogyakarta City is comply with the standard use of antibiotics in Public Health Centers. However, the duration of antibiotic utilization still became the perspective of the health providers in Public Health Centers.


This article presents a collection of research studies completed in Israel using Allen's Cognitive Level leather lacing test and the Riska Object Classification test. The studies use both original and modified versions of the traditional cognitive disability instruments. The data are presented within the context of the latest developments within the field and as a reflection back to the initial work of Allen and her colleagues. Recommendations for clinical and research practice are provided.


As an energy emerging and chemical city,the economy in last ten years has made rapid developmenting Yulin,which also rapidly expands the incomegap between the urban and rural residents.Too large urban-rural income gap is not conducive to the smooth progress of China's economic reform and the further development of the economiy,which will have a serious negative impact on social stability in China. In this paper,through collecting data,using the gap analysis method and gap index,it analyzes the income gap between urban and rural residents in Yulin change characteristics and the income gap between the urban and rural in yulin Shaanxi Province with the same period.The national income gap between the urban and rural launched a comparative analysis,since the reform and opening up in Yulin City,The income gap between the urban and rural change some important aspects,which concluded that the investigation in Yulin widened income gap between the urban and rural internal including source of income,income structure and metastatic income proportion of different also affecting Yulin disparities in urban and rural income expanding system which causes the tax system,financial system and the social security system,etc.


(1) To study the depth of tumor invasion in an oral (tongue and buccal mucosa) carcinoma and its correlation with neck metastasis. (2) To know whether the increase in depth of tumor (depth of invasion) increases the chances of cervical nodal metastasis in the oral tongue and buccal mucosa carcinoma and derive cutoff value of depth of invasion at which the metastasis occurs.

The study was carried out on 14 tongue and 22 buccal mucosa cases to know the correlation between the depth of tumor and neck node metastasis in the oral (tongue and buccal mucosa) carcinoma.

Among 36 cases, 10 cases were pN+. Out of 10 cases, 7 (70%) were having depth ≥12 mm and 30% cases (pN+) having depth between 8 and <10. We found it statistically significant and so as the depth of tumor increases the chances of nodal metastasis increases. We found the cutoff for a depth of invasion in both tongue and buccal mucosa carcinomas as 8 out of 22 patients had DOI >10 mm and among them 4 were pN+ and among 14 tongue cases, 3 cases had DOI >8 mm and all of them were pN+.

For tongue 8 mm and for buccal mucosa, 10 mm of the depth of tumor invasion was calculated as the cutoff depth, above which the incidence of nodal metastasis increases to 75% and 66.66%, respectively.

Depth of tumor is an important prognostic indicator in the tongue and buccal mucosa carcinoma to know the cervical nodal metastasis. Hence for an increase in depth of tumor cases, neck must be addressed along with primary tumor excision. Radiological investigations [ultrasonography (USG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scan] play an important role in nodal metastasis detection hence should be considered in carcinoma of the oral tongue and buccal mucosa especially in clinically N0 neck.

Shah AH, Parikh RP. Clinicopathological Correlation between Depth of Tumor and Neck Node Metastasis in Oral (Tongue and Buccal Mucosa) Carcinoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2021;12(1):6–10.


This paper presents a new method for improving thermal stability of the scale factor in resonator-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Lorentz force magnetometers. The method uses two nominally-identical magnetometers. The first is operated off-resonance in open-loop to measure magnetic field, and the second is operated as a closed-loop oscillator to provide a frequency reference for driving current generation. The proposed operation significantly reduces the effect of the resonator's temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) on the output, improving the sensor's temperature coefficient from 12177 ppm/°C to 508 ppm/°C in a temperature range of 10-60 °C. The sensor operated with a 50 Hz frequency split exhibits a resolution of 0.36 μT/√Hz and measurement bandwidth of 38 Hz, independent from the O-limited mechanical sensor's bandwidth of 3.2 Hz.


We theoretically investigate the temporal characterization of isolated attosecond pulses from angular integrated photoelectron streaking spectra. In this work, our recently developed 'phase retrieval of broadband pulses' (PROBP) algorithm for attosecond pulse retrieval is modified so that photoelectrons emitted over a broad angular range can be used to retrieve the spectral phase of the broadband XUV to x-ray attosecond pulses. Compared to common retrieval methods that utilize photoelectrons only in the forward direction, the inclusion of electrons over a broad angular range has the advantage that stronger signals are analyzed to mitigate the effect of low statistics of photoelectrons for analysis. The present investigation also serves to test the commonly used approximation where the photoelectrons are collected over a finite angular range experimentally, but the theoretical analysis relies on electrons emitted only in the forward direction. Our results show that the extended PROBP method can be used to more accurately retrieve the spectral phase of an attosecond pulse from photoelectrons collected over a wider angular range.


Based on managerial power theory of compensation incentive research, the article focuses on the influence of managerial power on accounting information in the listed companies, which is interacted with controlling shareholder power, and which takes 586 Chinese private listed companies' data from 2007 to 2010 as the research object. The result indicates that managerial power shows a significant negative relationship to accounting conservatism. There is inverted U-linear relationship between ownership concentration and accounting information quality. Compared to the companies with concentrated or diversified ownership, managerial power impacts more negatively on accounting conservatism with statistical significance in companies with moderated ownership. Political connections does reduce accounting conservatism in Chinese private listed companies. But ownership concentration does not significantly affect the political affiliation of China's private listed companies in relation with the quality of accounting information.


As imaging and diagnostic capabilities improve, an increasing number of patients will present for complex surgical procedures requiring a multidisciplinary team approach. Atrial tumour thrombus secondary to intra-abdominal malignancy presents major challenges for both anaesthetic and surgical management. This often requires the use of both cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. We describe the anaesthetic management of two rare intra-bdominal sarcomas with cardiac involvement. Both patients underwent successful radical resection of sarcoma with inferior vena caval thrombectomy. We also review the available literature regarding the management of these patients.


We derive various approximation results in the theory of Hardy spaces on circular domains G. Two applications are given, one to operators which admit a nice representation of H 1 (G), and the other to extremal problems with links to the theory of diierential equations.


is a function ƒ(£) of the sequence £. By a neighborhood of a sequence J: #, #, x, • • • , we shall understand a set iV$ of sequences subject to the following conditions: (i) £ is in Nç; (ii) if rj: y\ j ( 2 ) , yW, • • • is in i\^, then rjv: y(" \ y<\ yW>, • • • and f,: / l \ y ^ , 3,(3)) . . . ^ y ^ X ( , + D ) ^(F+2)^ ^(H-8)f . . . a r e } n jv^for J> = 1 , 2, 3, • • • . Let An(£) and Bn(Ç) be the numerator and denominator, respectively, of the ?zth convergent of ƒ(£) as computed by means of the usual recursion formulas. Put


CHEMRAWN II's future actions committee hopes the recommendations it formulated stemming from the Manila conference will be used by funding institutions to underwrite R&D aimed at the problem addressed by the conference. That problem is one of increasing world food production twofold and preferably three-to fourfold during the next several decades—and doing it without adding substantially to the amount of land now under cultivation. An increase of that magnitude is required if the 8 billion people expected to be living by the year 2015 are to be fed adequately. By happy coincidence the conference is about to bear its first fruit. As officials of CHEMRAWN II and its future actions committee were releasing the conference recommendations at a press conference in Washington, D.C, late last month (C&EN, Aug. 1, page 4), a group at the National Academy of Sciences was putting together the recommendations from a workshop of its own held afterward nearby. The workshop ...


(H denotes complex conjugate transpose) is a real number. C. R. Rao of the Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, suggested to us the problem of maximizing (or minimizing) 4(x) for complex x on the unit sphere S = { x: xfx = 1 }. Since 4? is a continuous function on the compact set S, such maxima and minima always exist. We here extend the problem to include finding all stationary values of 4?. In summary, our problem is:


We describe the rational development of a design for pleochroic molecular solids, by using C-Iπ halogen bonds to pre-organise different chromophores in a cocrystal. Using the structure of a known naphthalene cocrystal as a blueprint, we demonstrate how a highly robust C-Iπ motif permits the systematic exchange of original cocrystal components with azobenzene and azulene, resulting in optically interesting dichroic or pleochroic materials.


In the beginning of XXI century a fundamental formalized tendency in contemporary architecture might be discovered. An artistic image of a building does not only take the foreground, but moreover becomes more essential than its functions and other architectural aspects. The change of priorities in perception and evaluation of contemporary architecture is taking its place. It affects temporary objects of architecture in the first place, which are primarily created and perceived as art objects. Nevertheless, buildings created for long-term usage as well often bring their artistic components to the foreground - color theory, texture, symbolism. In the article the attempt is made to trace the underlined tendency and analyze possible outcomes.


The technology for shield-cable SGEMP response in low X-ray radiation was introduced,the SGEMP response for representative-cable was researched with two way which includes the experiment of X-ray response in DPF low flux X-ray radiation and the experiment of current- injection in laboratory.The result shows that research way is applicable for cable response research,and the difficulty by lack of high-flux X-ray was solved


Shen Quanqi and Song Zhiwen are two well-known court poets in the early Tang Dynasty.When exiled in the south,they created many poems with high artistic achievement.The paper highlights their poems' aesthetics from three perspectives: the reconstructions of lyric poetry,combining emotions with the environment and featuring the sense of tragedy;the skillful use of tactics,reflecting the complicated inner world of the poets;and the change of language styles,shifting gradually from the previous elegant style into the fresh and indirect style.


The seas in Indonesia are so wide and its natural wealth (fish) just can be explored and exploited by the ships which are owned by corporation. Those ships are potential to do illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing. Even though corporation might commit a crime but the corporation can not be asked yet for the criminal liability. Nevertheless, criminal liability is charged to corporation's staff. This research is included as normative research based on the study of law material. Stipulation of Article 101 Law Number 45 year 2009 jo Law Number 31 year 2004 on fishery, state that the claim and sanction in fishery criminal case which done by corporation will be given to corporation's staff in form of fine penalty and added third of the given penalty. This is a reverse of criminal law because the other fields make corporation as the doer and can be asked for their responsibility. The theory development on criminal corporation liability seems does not followed by law maker. Consequently, there is no deterrent effect towards the doer of fishery criminal corporation cases. It needs law amendment and insert the corporation criminal liability clause, so there is a visible deterrent effect for the doer.


Today it is common for map-reduce programs to be created from higher-level programming systems, which is often an implementation of SQL. In this paper, we propose an optimized method of translating SQL query to map-reduce tasks, which can be performed more efficiently by distributed computing systems. Our method introduces an optimization strategy which is generally applied in the procedure of merging query-plan-tree, an intermediate data structure derived from SQL abstract-syntax-tree, and this mainly helps us to achieve a considerable reduction on the number of generated mapreduce tasks and efficiency improvement of map-reduce implementation. Experimental evaluations performed by means of TPC-H tests show that our method significantly outperforms Hive in terms of reliability and efficiency.


The cultivation of strawberry plants in substrate, also known as semi-hydroponic, has been used by family farmers of Serra Gaucha and Vale do Rio Cai, which are important producers centers of strawberry in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. With the aim of produce food in a sustainable way, without the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, it was developed an organic strawberry production system. In this system, plants are cultivated inside "bags/pillows" (slabs), arranged on countertops in protected environment, and then it is added a mixture of organic compounds. The plants nutrition is performed through the fertigation with a mixture of boiled bird manure and biofertilizer. This experience allowed the harvest of fruits of better quality and for a longer period if compared to the cultivation in soil. The system provided better working conditions for producers, regarding to ergonomics, improving the efficiency of labor.


Large quantities of pineapple peel waste are discarded every year that can be used for extraction of useful textile functionalization chemicals. In the present work, pineapple peel extract (PPE) was used for simultaneous dyeing and multifunctional finishing of wool fabric. The PPE was used for dyeing wool fabrics, with and without mordants. The dyed fabrics were characterized and evaluated for color values and fastness properties. The functional properties of the dyed fabrics viz. antibacterial activity, UV protection, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. It was confirmed that wool fabric can be dyed using pineapple peel extract without mordants; however, additional color strength can be gained using pre-mordanting. The dyed fabrics showed light shades with good fastness properties along with excellent functional properties.


In addition to steroid hormones the maturating fol licles in ewes produce oxyto- cin (OXT) which exerts, by local and central effect s, the influence on folliculogenesis. Several previous studies have revealed that short-t erm treatment with OXT in such spe- cies as rats and cattle stimulates gonadotropin sec retion. Furthermore, it has been indi- cated that OXT can reduce estrogen production. Both of these effects can favour the ovu- lation rate (OR). The goal of this study was to reve al the effect of prolonged injections of the OXT (0,1 I.U. every 30 min per 12 h, i.m. and i.v. ) on the ovulation rate and contents of leptin and estradiol (E 2) during the oestrus in ewes. Within 2 h of OXT administration both i.m. and i.v ., the level of leptin started to increase but E 2 at the same time decreased. More pronounced differences were observed when OXT was given intravenously. Under the influence of OXT given i.m. or i.v. the ovulation rate rose by up to 0,15 and 0,30 ova per ewe respectively. These results are consistent with the assumption that OXT may mo- dulate the selection of premature follicles in the last phase before ovulation.


Abstract:This article examines the literary representation of women's social networks in comedy. I combine evidence from Aristophanes, Menander, Plautus, and Terence to answer two fundamental questions: 1) Who is in a woman's social network? 2) What activities do women engage in together? Finally, I discuss the literary representation of women's networks more broadly, focusing on four sample plays, which I selected for the size, strength, or composition of the women's social network. Because of the androcentric nature of the genre, women's relationships are imagined as analogous to or intertwined with those of men.


Worldwide, "ethnic problems", "religion crisis", and "regional conflicts" are displacing a large number of refugees and immigrants which is always associated with poverty and also generating bad conditions of living in societies (Schmitz, et al. 2003). The urban poor and the immigrants with their children in-fact the entire families are facing difficulties due to some circumstances beyond their control. Their housing situations and well-beings are becoming worst and worst everyday due to lack of finance, high cultural influences or minimal social understanding of good housing effects. Helping to provide jobs, accommodations or educational programs and practices of survivals to the lowincome households or the urban poor and immigrants is always a worldwide challenge to most national governments, especially in countries where most citizens are adequately fed (Downs, 1969). However, even in other places with comparatively large public housing programs for the financially incapacitated citizens, still it is extremely hard to gain access to some sort of formal shelter for all (Bredenoord & Lindert, 2009). Therefore, to this end, limited number of professional institutions, NonGovernmental organizations tightly embraced the concept of empowerment or personal determination as guiding principles to assist the urban poor and the immigrants.


This article describes how the variables of time and space overlap based on drinking as a social practice. The neighborhood, as the territoriality of Mexico City, is an emblem of urban life, its nights and days are constrained to what those who live in the neighborhood make of them. Drinking is the predominant practice of the night. What animates its approach from a point where it had not been approached before, is as a ritual, which throughout the history of humanity has preserved a matrix of meaning, the feeling of being together, of being a neighborhood. The course of my research and the reflexivity that guided the exercise elaborating the connection between theory and the study terrain, where the instrument for proximity was my own sociocultural background, are also discussed. The reflection derived is backed by territorial humanist constructivism.


To establish a quantitative method to determine the content of gallic acid in Shiwei Hezi powder.The content of gallic acid in Shiweihezi powder was determined by RP-HPLC.The separation was performed on Kromasil C18column with a mobile phase of methanol-water(5∶95) and detected at wavelength of 274 nm.Results showed that the linearity range of the gallic acid content in gallic acid in Shiwei Hezi powder was 0.020 6-0.247 2 μg and the average recovery of gallic acid was 99.6%,RSD was 1.6%.


This study presents design of 2D nonseparable Perfect Reconstruction Filter Bank (PRFB) for two different sampling lattices: the quincuncial and rectangular. In quincunx case z-domain PR conditions are mapped into Bernstein-x domain. Desired power spectrum of 2D nonseparable filter is approximated by using Bernstein polynomial. Since we introduce mapping from complex periodic domain to real polynomial domain, PRFB design in Bernstein-x domain is much easier to handle. The parametric solution for 2D nonseparable design technique is obtained with desired regularity for quincunx sampling lattices. This technique allows us to design of 2D wavelet transform. For rectangular downsampling, the use of signed shuffling operations to obtain a PRFB from a low pass filter enables the reduction of PR conditions. This design technique leads us to efficient implementation structure since all the filters in the bank have the same coefficients with sign and position changes. This structure overcomes the high complexity problem that is the major shortcoming of 2D nonseparable filter banks. Designed filter banks are tested on 2D image models and real images in terms of compaction performance. It has been shown that nonseparable design can outperform separable ones in the application of data compression.


Antihyperglycemic activity studies were conducted by oral glucose tolerance tests in glucose-loaded Swiss albino mice with crude methanol extract of leaves of Madhuca indica and stems of Paederia foetida. The leaf extract of Madhuca indica, when administered to mice at dose levels of 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight demonstrated dose-dependent and significant reductions in serum glucose levels at the three higher doses. Serum glucose levels were reduced by 22.2, 25.8, and 36.3%, respectively, at doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg extract/kg body weight. In comparison, the standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, reduced serum glucose levels by 35.9%, which is approximately equivalent to that obtained with the highest dose of Madhuca indica leaf extract. Crude methanol extracts of stems of Paederia foetida also exhibited significant and dose-dependent reductions in serum glucose levels when administered to glucose-loaded mice. The extract at the four different doses of 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight, reduced serum glucose levels by 7.7, 25.3, 31.0, and 31.2%, respectively. Overall, the results demonstrate significant antihyperglycemic activities of leaves of Madhuca indica and stems of Paederia foetida.


Introduction: The increase in the intensity of wood harvesting has a negative influence
on ecosystem functions of soils in temperate and boreal forests. Objective: To understand the impacts of intensive and extensive forest management
methods on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils, and consequences
on nutrient availability and stabilization processes in temperate and boreal forests. Results and discussion: Intensive forest management methods can generate greater
imbalance in the processes of availability and stabilization of nutrients, compared to
selective methods. The impact is reflected in the deterioration of soil structure and the
decrease of nutrient reserves and microbial communities. These damages affect fertility
and functionality of soil, decreasing long-term productivity. Affectations depend on the
intensity of biomass extracted, environmental conditions and site preparation. This
makes evident the need to monitor forest management and its impact on soil ecology in
temperate forests, which maintains long-term productivity and ensures the availability of
wood volumes. Conclusion: In Mexico, the impact of forest management has been scarcely analyzed
and it is indispensable to understand the functional changes in the processes that
determine soil fertility and forest productivity.


(4) For every function yielding functionf holds Subf rng f = rng f . (5) For all setsA, B, x and for every functionf such thatx∈ A and f ∈ BA holds f (x) ∈ B. (6) For all setsA, B, C such that ifC = / 0, thenB = / 0 or A = / 0 and for every functionf from A into CB holds domκ f (κ) = A 7−→ B. Let us mention that / 0 is function yielding. In the sequel n denotes a natural number and p, q, r denote elements of HP-WFF. The following proposition is true


Image processing techniques are increasingly applied in sorting applications of agricultural products. This work has assessed the use of image processing for inspecting surface color of two Thai mango cultivars. A computer vision system (CVS) was developed and experiments were conducted to monitor peel color change during the ripening process. Conversion of RGB to CIE-LAB values was done via image processing and prediction models were developed to estimate color parameters from CVS data. Performance evaluations showed insufficient prediction for L values (R2 = 0.42-0.58), but better results for A and B values (R2 = 0.90-0.95 and 0.80-0.82, respectively). Compared to the calculated color values hue angle and chroma, a yellowness index computed from intermediate XYZ values was found to be much more adept at accurately predicting peel color from CVS data. Correlations were strong for both cultivars (R2 = 0.93 for 'Nam Dokmai' and R2 = 0.95 for 'Maha Chanok'). Results from classification analysis indicated satisfactory results for classifying fruits according to ripeness based on yellowness. Success rates of true positives in the categories unripe, ripe and overripe ranged 72%-92% for 'Nam Dokmai' and 98%-100% for 'Maha Chanok'. Therefore, it was shown that the CVS was capable of producing accurate color values for the two mango cultivars investigated. The findings of this study can be incorporated for development of a robust system for quality prediction and establishment of a CVS for automatic grading and sorting of mangos.
Keywords: mango, peel color, computer vision, image processing, fruit quality, Thailand
DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20160901.1861

Citation: Nagle M, Intani K, Romano G, Mahayothee B, Sardsud V, Muller J. Determination of surface color of 'all yellow' mango cultivars using computer vision. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(1): 42-50.


Sisal fiber-reinforced epoxy composites having three different fiber orientations, namely LL, LT, TT mentioned in the text were prepared and tested for their high stress abrasive wear behavior. Effect of fiber orientation, sliding distance, and load on abrasive wear of sisal–epoxy composites have been determined. Wear data of composites have been compared with the pure epoxy. Incorporation of fibers decreases the wear rate of epoxy resin, which varies with the fiber orientation. Wear rate in case of TT composite is found minimum as compared to other two composites. Wear rate follows the following trend, WTT < WLT < WLL. Owing to minimum exposed area of fiber to the sliding asperities, lowest wear rate occurs in the case of TT composite. Increase of load and sliding distance increases the wear volume in all the composites, because of the progressive loss of material. Wear mechanism has been discussed by using SEM micrographs of the worn surfaces. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:437–441, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.


The static shift affects the interpretation of the deep electrical conductor,so we must appropriate correct it.Considering on the lateral correlation of spatial structure of the geologic section,we introduce the cokriging of geostatistical to correction the distortion apparent resistivity section and phase section.In this paper,according to cokriging's rule and united the two type model of CSAMT,we compiled the software about the static correction of CSAMT data.We have tested the theory pattern.It shows the method is more effective.


The large scale deployment of multi-antenna wireless networks in homes and office buildings introduces new privacy concerns for people residing in these spaces. By measuring the signal strength using receivers placed outside the premises, an attacker can track the movement of people inside. One way to defend against such an attack is to have the signal strengths of the transmitters vary (sometimes reducing to zero) according to some randomized schedule. We show that the question of finding the schedule that minimizes the worst-case "privacy loss" can be formulated as a constant-sum Stackelberg game between an attacker, whose goal is to place receivers in order to learn the movement of users, and a defender who tries to prevent the attacker while maintaining the connectivity and QoS requirements of the network. We introduce a flexible framework that enables us to capture the constraints of the attacker and the defender. The framework allows us to capture features of modern wireless systems such as directional antennas and also allows us to plug in different path-loss models with minimal changes to the setup. We then formulate the problem of finding the optimal defender strategy as a linear program and show that it can be solved efficiently. We also perform numerical evaluations on how the payoffs are affected as the requirements of the defender and the resources the attacker can afford to exhaust change.


Objective To explore the efficacy,technique and complication of endovascular embolization in intracranial aneurysms with Matrix detachable coils.Methods Forty five patients with 47 intracranial aneurysms had been treated by Matrix Detachable Coils embolization.Results All aneurysms were successfully embolized by the endovascular procedure with a complete occlusion in 33 aneurysms,95% occlusion in 10,90% occlusion in 3 and less than 80% occlusion in 1.Follow-up cerebral angiography demonstrated an enlargement of the remnant cavity in 3 aneurysms with initial incomplete occlusions.Five cases suffered from complications relative to the procedure,including 2 aneurysm rupture,1 acute cerebral angiospasm and 2 over embolization during the procedure.Conclusion Matrix detachable coils embolization is a safe modality for the treatment of intracranial aneurysm, follow-up cerebral angiography is essential for evaluation of its efficacy.


The poor bioavailability and therapeutic response exhibited by conventional ophthalmic solutions due to rapid precorneal elimination of the drug may be overcome by use of in –situ gel forming system that are instilled as a drops into the eye and it undergoes a sol-gel transition in the cul-de-sac. The present work describes the formulation and evaluation of an ophthalmic delivery system of an antibacterial agent, ciprofloxacin, which is used in the treatment of eye infection such as dacrocystitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration and blepharitis, based on the concepts of pH-triggered in-situ gelation, thermo reversible gelation and Ion activated system. Poly acrylic acid (Carbopol 940) was used as the gelling agent in combination of hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, which acted as a viscosity-enhancing agent. (pH-triggered system). Pluronic F-127 (14%) was used as the thermal reversible gelation in combination of HPMC (1.5%) incorporation of HPMC was to reduce the concentration of pluronic required for in-situ gelling property, with 25% w/w pluronic F-127 reported to form good gels. Gellan gum (Gelrite) is an anionic exocellular polysaccharide by the bacterium pseudo Monas elodea, having the characteristic property cation-induced gelation (0.6%). The developed formulation was therapeutically efficacious, stable, non irritant and provided sustained release of the drug over an 6 hours period, but Gelrite formulation showing long duration of release followed by combination of carbopol, HPMC and pluronic F-127 & HPMC. The developed system is thus a viable alternative to conventional eye drops.


After long period of settlement of Ginkgo biloba in Dandong area of Liaoning Province of China,it had fully accustoms itself to the weather conditions,and a steadily situation appeared in its growth.Presently,more than 10 kinds of it have already settled in there.We made an investigation to determine the order of them according to their scores which they have got in growth.The result is that big plum made the highest score,next in turn are small plum core,fingered citron,big round bell,big golden pendant,big potato,big ginkgo,longan,egg fingered citron,Dongting King.


Abstract: Estimating soil nitrogen (N) mineralization is critical to balance fertilizer N requirements and their environmental impacts. In this study, net N mineralization was examined in soils under different crop rotations with each phase of the rotation present every year with biologically based incubations in 2011 and 2015. Net N mineralization was significantly different among treatments when the current crop was soybean, and the effect was dependent upon the previous crop and the cropping sequence. In particular, net increases in inorganic N were greater when the previous crop was winter wheat with or without red clover than if it were corn, and greater for the first year of soybean compared with the second year for rotations with two consecutive years of soybean in the 2011 incubation. However, cropping history did not influence net soil N mineralization when the current crop was corn, winter wheat, or winter wheat with red clover. In 2015, the presence of red clover in the rotation increased net N mineralization in all phases of the rotation. These results suggest both current and previous crops should be considered when estimating the N supplying capacity (net mineralization) of the soil. Net mineralizable N was found to be significantly correlated with total amino sugars (P < 0.001), glucosamine (P < 0.001), and galactosamine (P = 0.003), which suggests that amino sugars could be used as an indicator of the N supplying capacity of soil.


Supercapacitors (SCs) are promising devices for meeting the future demand of sustainable energy conversion and storage. Here, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), polyaniline (PANI) and carbon cloth (CC) were used to fabricate SCs electrodes. CNFs and CNTs were constructed into networks and served as the skeleton for depositing polyaniline nanowires (PANI-NWs). The vacuum filtration method contributed to the construction of a three-dimensional network structure for CNFs and CNTs. CC was used as a flexible current collector in the electrode. In-situ polymerization was performed to polymerize PANI on the surface of CNFs, CNTs and CC to form a three-dimensional porous film-current collector structure (CCPC electrodes). Electrochemical measurements showed that the CCPC electrode exhibited a low charge transfer resistance of 1.50 Ω, as well as excellent specific capacitance of 318 F g−1 at a scan rate of 10 mA s−1. In addition, it exhibited 72.09% retention of the initial value after 1000 cycles of testing. Overall, this work provides a strategy for the fabrication of a porous network film-soft current collector electrode for supercapacitors.


Several groups have proposed the use of multiwindow (usually dual window) techniques for scatter correction in SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) and conventional gamma camera imaging. The authors have developed a technique for constrained deconvolution of the primary photopeak from the observed spectrum using multiple (5-30) windows. They have tested it both with simulations and with a modified gamma camera capable of recording x, y, and E information inlist mode, which enables postprocessing of the data for scatter correction.<<ETX>>


This paper presents the application of artificial immune system (AIS) intelligent algorithm for multiple output optimization of two passes dry CNC turning operation. In this work, a mild steel work piece type (A36) and tungsten carbide insert cutting tool type (SPG4220) use for theoretical calculations. Three types of objective functions are utilized as optimization criteria, the first one estimate the chip-tool interface temperature where the heat is generated due to rubbing or shearing between the chip and cutting tool rake face. The second and third objective functions calculate the work piece surface roughness and operation cutting time respectively. Optimum values of machining parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) are calculated by AIS algorithm to achieve the requirements of ideal chip- tool interface temperature, work piece surface roughness and operating cutting time. The ideal values (4.9 mm depth of cut, 1.3 mm /rev feed rate and 79 m / min cutting force) accomplished an ideal performance of (132 Cо cutting temperature, 0.0005µm surface roughness and 0.45 S cutting time). The results illustrate that the feed rate has a huge affect on cutting time and surface roughness and the cutting speed largely affects on the cutting time while the depth of cut is more affect on the surface roughness