We determine single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thermal conductivity and tunable flattening dynamics at heat flux ranging from 0.01 to 0.3 W/m 2 subject to different thermal loading of 5 to 50 K/nm, using a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with true carbon potentials. The numerical model adopts Morse bending, a harmonic cosine, and a torsion potential. The applied Nose-Hoover thermostate describes atomic interactions taking place between the atoms. Hot and cold temperature reservoirs are respectively imposed on both computational domain sides to establish the temperature gradient along the carbon nanotube. Atoms at the interface exhibit transient behavior and undergo an exponential type decay with exerted temperature gradient. The thermal impact causes system fluctuation in the initial 3 ps leading to a transport region temperature as high as 600 K. The thermal relaxation process reduces impact energy influence after 30 ps and leads to Maxwell's distribution. Steady-state constant heat flux is observed after thermal equilibrium. Furthermore, the temperature curves show distinct high disturbance at initial time and linear distribution along the tube axial direction after steady state. Results suggest that thermal conductivity value increases with increasing CNTs subjected to thermal loading up to a temperature gradient of at least ~41.3 K/A, representing thermal gradient convergence at heat conduction value 1258 W/mK. Simulation results yield precise understanding of nanoscale transient heat transfer characteristics in a single-wall carbon nanotube. Last, it is shown that given a thermal loading of sufficient intensity, the initial round cross section of the hot end of the nanotube transits through a series of triangular-like states to a flattened, rectangular configuration. As time elapses, the cross section oscillates between two fully perpendicular flattened states at a frequency that increases linearly with the intensity of the applied thermal load. (Cont'd.)


Preface Dear ladies and gentlemen, On 6th and 7th of April 2017 took place the "International Materials Research Meeting in the Greater Region" at the Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany. This meeting corresponded to the 9th EEIGM International Conference on Advanced Materials Research and it was intended as a meeting place for researchers of the Greater Region as well as their partners of the different cooperation activities, like the EEIGM program, the 'Erasmus Mundus' Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Master program (AMASE), the 'Erasmus Mundus' Doctoral Program in Materials Science and Engineering (DocMASE) and the CREATe-Network. On this meeting, 72 participants from 15 countries and 24 institutions discussed and exchanged ideas on the latest trends in the characterization of materials and surface modifications. Different aspects of the material research of metals, ceramics, polymers and biomaterials were presented. As a conclusion of the meeting, the new astronaut of the European Space Agency Dr. Matthias Maurer, who is an alumni of the Saarland University and the EEIGM, held an exciting presentation about his activities. Following the publication of selected papers of the 2009 meeting in Volume 5 and 2012 meeting in Volume 31 of this journal, it is a great pleasure to present this selection of 9 articles to the readers of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. The editors are thankful to all of the reviewers for reviewing the papers. Special praise is also given to the sponsors of the conference: European Commission within the program Erasmus Mundus (AMASE and DocMASE), Erasmus+ (AMASE), and Horizon2020 (CREATe-Network, Grant agreement No 644013): the DAAD (Alumni Program), and the German-French University (PhD-Track). List of Author signatures, Conference topics, Organization, Conference impressions and list of the participants are available in this PDF.


A commentary with the aforementioned title, published in the January/February 2000 issue (Volume 11, Number 1) of this publication, elicited an unusually heavy response, both in support of and challenging the commentary's point of view. This brief reprints one of the letters. While the authors of the letter take the authors of the commentary to task for being too skeptical about efforts to reduce automobile use, the measured tone of their rebuttal is a departure from the uncritical promotion of demand management that has characterized this debate in the past. The authors of the letter agree that the automobile will continue to be a dominant mode of transportation, but contend that the commentary's call to "civilize" the automobile offers no solutions to the mobility and congestion problems that are challenging the nation. They argue that the commentary's dismissive conclusions about a limited number of transportation demand management (TDM) strategies, including voluntary TDM programs, carpool lanes, mass transit, and land use and urban design strategies, are unfounded and highly misleading. They conclude that a menu of integrated transportation strategies must be used--each where most appropriate--to respond to major transportation challenges in the future.


A CMOS compatible absolute pressure sensor with extend floating gate is developed with simple circuitry to realize high sensitivity, linearity, and manufacturability. The pressure sensitive membrane formation is based on the standard CMOS process with simple metal sacrificial layer removal step, which is very cost-efficient and fully CMOS compatible, enabling monolithic integration of circuitry. ANSYS and SPICE simulation results show that the proposed sensor can worked properly under 500K Pa, and the square sensing membrane of 100x100 μm 2 shows a good linearity over a pressure change ranging from 5 Pa to 500K Pa.


SummaryA urachal cyst in a 13-year-old boy presented with symptoms of abdominal pain and microscopic haematuria was removed laparoscopically. The case is presented and the procedure is discussed.


One of the great obstacles to the development of a theory of human nature that would command scientific respect has been the bitter dispute between the biological and cultural scientists themselves. This argument has been going on since the nineteenth century and instead of being bridged, the gap between the two camps is ever widening. To judge by the intransigence and bitterness of the dispute, it has all the earmarks of a battle about basic


Abstract : The gas phase chemistry of nitric oxide is reviewed for reactions of importance below about 300 C. Included are reactions of vibrationally and electronically excited NO and the reactions of NO with stable molecules, electronically excited molecules, atoms, ions, and radicals. The fate of nitroso compounds is also discussed. (Author)


Tiled displays fill the increasingly important need to display very large images. As these displays become more common, the ability to objectively measure their visual quality becomes more important. One cost of the size flexibility offered by these displays is the grid-type distortion created by the gaps between each sub-display's active area. General purpose Image Quality Assessment (IQA) metrics are commonly used to measure the visual quality effect of image distortions such as blur and white noise, but no research has been performed to determine their suitability for tiling distortions. This paper addresses that research gap by creating a new image quality database specifically targeting tiled images. Common state-of-the-art IQA metrics are tested against this new database and their performances are compared between tiled distortions and `traditional' image distortions.


A study on the microeconomic variables for the past 20 years from 1987 - 2006 compasses then growth of tourism industry. The study is to show how well Malaysia's performance in tourism industry. The effects of microeconomics changes that affect growth of tourism industry will be analyzed using regression analysis. Microeconomic variables selected for the studies that affect growth of tourism industry are foreign direct investment, employment anf inflation. The secondary data used in this research includes journals, Internet, reference books, Tourism Malaysia Annual Report and Tourism Malaysia Quarterly Bulletin. Finally, the result from all relevant analysis showed there is significant impact between foreign direct investment, employment and infaltion in explaining growth of tourism industry in Malaysia. Hopefully, this study can give some guidelines and information on the growth of tourism industry in Malaysia.


This study investigated the influence of deterrents to participation and attitudes toward adult education on small business managers' participation in adult educational activities. It involved 600 small business managers in Nebraska. Usable data packets were received from 302 individuals for a response rate of 50.3%. The data were collected with the Adult Attitudes Toward Continuing Education Scale (AACES), the Deterrents to Participation Scale-General (DPS-G), and a demographic data sheet. The data were organized to facilitate statistical analysis. The statistical analysis included correlational analysis, factor analysis, and discriminant analysis. Since the AACES and DPS-G were newly constructed, it was necessary to check their overall reliability, construct validity, and content validity with the small business population. This study found that the AACES and DPS-G were both reliable instruments. In addition, the AACES was found to possess content and construct validity. However, while the DPS-G possessed construct validity, it did not possess content validity. The SPSS factor analysis program was used to analyze the factors underlying the AACES and DPS-G. Three orthogonal factors were identified on the AACES which were labeled Personal Need and Benefit, Formal Learning, and Participation in Continuing Education. Four orthogonal factors were identified on the DPS-G which were labeled Personal Problems, Course Structure, Self-Concept, and Time. Discriminant analysis was done with select demographics along with the total score from the AACES and DPS-G. A second discriminant analysis was done with select demographics along with the underlying factors on the AACES and DPS-G. In the first discriminant analysis it was found that attitudes toward adult education were the most powerful discriminators of adult education participation. The second discriminant analysis revealed that attitudes toward participating in formal continuing education and Time were the most powerful discriminators of participants and nonparticipants in adult educational activities. INFLUENCE OF BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION AND ATTITUDES TOWARD ADULT EDUCATION ON SMALL BUSINESS MANAGERS' PARTICIPATION IN ADULT EDUCATION by Charles Gunnard Ericksen, Jr. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana June 1990


A rapid, simple and single stereo selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for enantiomers of palonosetron hydrochloride (PALO) and its process related chiral impurities. A computer simulating software was used for the development of chiral method. The developed method was able to separate not only the enantiomers of palonosetron hydrochloride but also its process related chiral impurities within 12 min. The chromatographic separation was carried out by normal phase chromatography using a 3 µm column of cellulose based chiral stationary phase (Chiralcel-OD 250mm × 4.6mm) with a mobile phase comprised of n-hexane: ethanol: methanol: heptafluoro butyric acid: diethyl amine (70:15:15:0.05:0.1, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The effects of additive concentration as well as nature of polar organic modifier, flow rate, and temperature on enantioselectivity were investigated. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the palonosetron isomers and its related chiral impurities were found to be in the range 0.06-0.10 µg/mL and 0.14 - 0.24 µg/mL respectively. The method showed excellent linearity (R2 > 0.998) over a range of 0.14 to 1.125 µg/mL. The percentage recovery of the isomers in bulk drug samples ranged from 87.0 to 116.0.


The chemical warfare agents and neurotoxic agents are an important threat to people all over the world, and require special attention because they are highly dangerous. Most of these agents are neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds (OP), which inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is responsible for controlling the transmission of nerve impulses. To be inhibited by these compounds, AChE can sometimes be reactivated using cationic oximes, which are the most used substances for this reactivation. Until today there have not been discovered agents for complete treatment of poisoning by all OPs. For this reason, the treatment of intoxicated people requires the determination of the absorbed OP, in order to select the appropriate activator, a process that usually requires long time and may cause death. Therefore, this study aims to do a review on the OPs used as chemical warfare agents and the process of inhibition and reactivation of AChE, especially to motivate the development of new agents for defense against chemical weapons, a process that is very important for protecting all humanity.


This paper offers a framework for the sociological study of formal education, with particular reference to the social history of the United States. After a brief discussion of American interpretations of the role of education in society, the paper focuses on how groups and individuals have shaped and used formal education as part of their efforts to achieve social mobility or maintain positions on the social scene. The social groups which sponsor educational programs, the professional groups which do the teaching, and the students who constitute their clienteles are explored in turn, with special attention to the educational consequences of conflicting social interests. To THE GREAT disadvantage of those working in the sociology of education, the problem of the relation of education to the society as a whole has been out of fashion for about fifty years. Since the period when many social theorists abandoned their strong and explicit interest in social reform, the social analysis of education has appeared as either a marginal topic in the work of general sociologists or a vital but narrowed problem in research (by sociologists of education and others) on public schooling, higher education, and the few other educational areas to which public concern has directed attention.' In the spirit of broadening argument and research, this paper offers a framework or series of questions for the sociological study of education-a way of analyzing how new kinds of formal education arise and how they acquire their particular characteristics. My approach is socio-historic, focusing on how long-term American social patterns have helped to shape American education. The notion of education which I employ is purposefully broad, although this particular discussion concentrates on formal education. I have not attempted a "complete" interpretation of American education. Rather, I have tried to point out crucial questions which


The invention discloses a hard block shaping clamp for a copper weaving wire after spot welding. The hard block shaping clamp comprises a base and a support table, wherein the support table is positioned in the center part of the base and is fixedly connected with the base, the two ends of the base are provided with a support frame, a spring is sheathed on the support frame, in addition, the upper end of the spring is provided with an upper module capable of upwards and downwards sliding, the middle part of the upper module is provided with a press head, the lower end of the upper module is pasted with inclined press blocks arranged at two ends of the support table, a through hole is formed in the transverse direction of the support table, a reset spring is arranged in the through hole, and the left end and the right end of the reset spring are respectively connected with the inclined press blocks arranged at two ends of the support table. The hard block shaping clamp for the copper weaving wire after spot welding effectively solves the problems that the appearance and the dimension of hard blocks of the copper weaving wire after the spot welding are difficult to control, the consistency after the assembly is poor, and the gap is large. The hard block shaping clamp has the advantages that the structure is simple, and the realization is easy.


(57) Abstract: reducing kinetic friction, to prevent corrosion and swelling, reduce impact noise by water and an aqueous solution contacting the surface coating composition for absorbing water impact, novolak type polyhydroxystyrene having a polymer containing. Embodiments of the composition, for example antifouling agent, including gel coat material or an epoxy. The present composition preferably also comprises a method of applying a suitable solvent such as an alcohol or a solution form with an aqueous solution contact surface such dissolved in a low molecular weight oxygenated hydrocarbon as ketones. When applying the present composition to the water surface or water contacting surface, the contact angle significantly reduces the increases the speed, hydrophilic surface can be obtained that and improved fuel efficiency.


A sensitive and precise method is presented for the determination of As(III) by differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammery (DPASV). This method is based on the co-deposition of As(III) with Bi(III) onto a basal-plane type of pyrolytic graphite substrate at an accumulation step. DPASV studies indicate that the As was oxidized with anodic scans to give an enhanced anodic peak at about 500 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Addition of L-cysteine to test solutions was found to be highly effective to obtain reproducible oxidation responses due to As(0) → As(III). A linear relationship between the anodic stripping peak-current ratio (I As/I Bi) and As(III) concentration was observed over the concentration range from 0.0200 µg L−1 to 18.0 µg L−1. The detection limit of As(III) was 0.012 µg L−1 at a deposition time of 180 s. The relative standard deviation was 2.85% (n = 8) at a concentration of 10.0 µg L−1 As(III). Analytical results demonstrate that the determination of As(III) in real water samples is possible by the proposed method.


Objective:To study the influence of Costimulatory Blockade CTLA4Ig combined with rapamycin(RPM)on the survival of renal allografts in rats.Methods:BN→Lewis rat kidney transplantation was performed.The recipients were grouped into group1(control),group2(CTLA4Ig),group3(rapamycin,RPM) and group4(CTLA4Ig+RPM).The survival of renal allografts,serum creatinine of the recipients and the pathological changes of the allografts were observed.Results:Significantly prolonged allografts survival time was seen in group 2,3 and 4 compared with control,with the longest in group 4.The lowest serum creatinine and fewest lymphocytes infiltrating grafts were also seen in group4.Conclusion:Combined use of CTLA4Ig and rapamycin(RPM)may suppress renal allograft rejection effectively and promote further prolongation of the survival of renal allografts.


Let $G_n$ be an $n \times n$ matrix with real i.i.d. $N(0,1/n)$ entries, let $A$ be a real $n \times n$ matrix with $\Vert A \Vert \le 1$, and let $\gamma \in (0,1)$. We show that with probability $0.99$, $A + \gamma G_n$ has all of its eigenvalue condition numbers bounded by $O\left(n^{5/2}/\gamma^{3/2}\right)$ and eigenvector condition number bounded by $O\left(n^3 /\gamma^{3/2}\right)$. Furthermore, we show that for any $s > 0$, the probability that $A + \gamma G_n$ has two eigenvalues within distance at most $s$ of each other is $O\left(n^4 s^{1/3}/\gamma^{5/2}\right).$ In fact, we show the above statements hold in the more general setting of non-Gaussian perturbations with real, independent, absolutely continuous entries with a finite moment assumption and appropriate normalization.
This extends the previous work [Banks et al. 2019] which proved an eigenvector condition number bound of $O\left(n^{3/2} / \gamma\right)$ for the simpler case of {\em complex} i.i.d. Gaussian matrix perturbations. The case of real perturbations introduces several challenges stemming from the weaker anticoncentration properties of real vs. complex random variables. A key ingredient in our proof is new lower tail bounds on the small singular values of the complex shifts $z-(A+\gamma G_n)$ which recover the tail behavior of the complex Ginibre ensemble when $\Im z\neq 0$. This yields sharp control on the area of the pseudospectrum $\Lambda_\epsilon(A+\gamma G_n)$ in terms of the pseudospectral parameter $\epsilon>0$, which is sufficient to bound the overlaps and eigenvector condition number via a limiting argument.


The Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG Groningen, Netherlands: tel 31 50 636 259; fax 31 50 636 226; email f.n.stokman®ppsw.rug.nl) will celebrate its tenth anniversary in June with an international conference on &dquo;Solidarity and Inequality: Trends, Theory and Policy&dquo; (see &dquo;New Meetings&dquo; in this issue of the


The Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen is bigger today than it used to be when it was the Institute for Theoretical Physics. The name changed in 1965, when the founder's name was added, but the program remains about the same as it was in earlier days. The word "theoretical" was meant to mean "basic" as opposed to "applied," and its disappearance implies no change.


For use in train performance, a system for providing at least one of train information and track the feature information, the system determines the time from the start time of the train position and the travel path of the track segment comprising a first element. Sensors that measure at least one operating state of the of the track characterization element, and the train the locomotive of providing a track segment information is also included. Database is provided to store the operation information about the track segment information and at least one of the locomotives. The processor is also included, the first element, the track characterization element, said sensor and to correlate information from said database, using said database, according to one or more operational criteria for the train, of the train performance the to be able to produce a travel plan to be optimized. .FIELD 1


A sufficiently intense electromagnetic wave, incident into a plasma, can decay into two electron plasma waves near quarter critical density layer of the plasma. This two-plasmon decay instability has been a hot topic mainly due to relevance to laser fusion in that the instability produces hot electrons causing a preheat problem. It has been known that configuration of wave vectors of the three waves involved in the instability is described by a hyperbola. However, recently there appeared a theoretical result that above a certain temperature (depending on density of the plasma) the configuration of waves should be described by a lemniscate rather than by a hyperbola. 1, 2 Thus the combined hyperbolalemniscate curve should be used in describing the configuration.


Book review
The 14th book of the old Turkish literature studies series, which has attracted attention with its researches presenting different subjects, has recently met with the reader, titled "Tunes from Divan: literature-music relations with different dimensions". In the work, which also includes interdisciplinary researches, the interest of literature-music from different authors, music-word context, mode theory, methods of composing music, musical treatments, method-meter relationship, lyrics, music elements in divan poetry, janissary amorous, etc. subjects are included.
Since it is important to introduce the work, which will attract the attention of both literature and music researchers, in our study, attention was drawn to some noticeable issues as well as evaluations about the content of the book.


Purpose – This paper aims to explain the importance of a do not call (DNC) regulations compliance program for broker‐dealers and other investment companies as part of an overall Sarbanes‐Oxley (SOX) compliance strategy.Design/methodology/approach – The paper explains why an effective DNC Regulations compliance program is needed, the consequences of violations, and the control objectives an effective DNC solution should address.Findings – A DNC solution needs to address the risks of a lack of necessary functionality, circumvention, security, failure, and insufficient monitoring. In 2004, the SEC approved amendments to Rule G‐39 that require broker‐dealers to comply with the Federal Trade Commissions DNC rules. In conjunction, the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board also issued clear guidance on required DNC compliance. Thus, this topic is of key importance to broker‐dealers and other investment professionals, especially publicly traded firms. In light of current events, control structures within investme...


The use of paramagnetic contrast agent Primovist (Gadoxetate disodium) can significantly enhyance the ability of MRI diagnosis of focal liver formations, to assess the functional state of the liver and biliary system.


A process is disclosed for preserving paper involving the following steps: (a) a plurality of paper layers in contact with one another at least in regions is simultaneously brought into contact with a preservative fluid containing polycondensates based on one or more hydrolytic polycondensation-capable compounds of elements M of main groups III-V and sub-groups II-IV of the periodic table; in said polycondensates, at least one organic group (G) with at least two carbon atoms and for each carbon atom at least one atom selected from hydrogen or fluorine and without polar substituents is bound, either directly via one of the carbon atoms or via a connecting group A, to at least 0.1 % of the central atoms M; and (b) the paper thus treated with the preservative fluid is dried and/or hardened. In one example of the production of the preservative fluid, 27 g (1.5 mol) of water were stirred into a solution of 55.8 g (0.2 mol) of gamma -glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane and 5.1 g (0.01 mol) of1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoroctyltriethoxysilane. The reaction mixture was then heated for six hours under reflux conditions. 20 g (0.08 Mol) of bisphenol S were added to the by then single-phase solution which was then diluted with 100, 150 or 200 g ethanol. After the bisphenol S had dissolved, 0.8 g (0.001 Mol) of 1-methylimidazole were added as a cross-linking catalyst and the reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. For coating, the solution was poured into a crystallisation dish.


We report record output pulse energies from a cryogenic 8-pass Yb:YLF amplifier system operating at 10 Hz repetition rate. When seeded with 20-mJ, 1-ns stretched pulses, the amplifier produced output pulses with 305 mJ of energy at 1018.5 nm with a spectral width supporting sub-ps pulse-duration. The output beam profile was quite symmetric and had a measured beam quality factor (M2) of ∼1.45. To achieve this performance, the diameter of the beam inside the gain element is gradually increased via an adjustable telescope from around 4.6 mm to 6.2 mm. This enables adjustment of the fluence to a moderate value in subsequent passes: high enough for efficient extraction and low enough to prevent laser induced damage. To our knowledge, this is the highest pulse energy reported from cryogenically cooled Yb:YLF amplifiers to date. Further scaling in peak power and repetition rate is anticipated in future work.


Dronedarone Hydrochloride is a drug used to treat arrhythmias, i.e., to treat improper rhythmicity of heart. It works by controlling heart's rhythm i.e., it alters the continuous progression of electrical signal in the heart. Normal heart rhythm can be restored by this process of Dronedarone HCl. For the determination of Dronedarone HCl in pharmaceutical dosage form and bulk form, several analytical methods including HPTLC, UV and HPLC has been developed. Methods indicating human plasma stability and impurity profiling are also described for Sathish Babu Pa, Neha Jaiswal Ja, Anand Babu Ka*, Sujatha Ka, Chitra Ka Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Dronedarone HCl. For qualitative and quantitative estimation of Dronedarone HCl these analytical methods can be used and it can also be used for its related degradants in bulk formulations and biological fluids. The following study depicts the review on analytical methods which includes to estimate the anti-arrhythmic drug, Dronedarone HCl.


Republicans took control of the US Senate in the 4 November mid-term elections, giving the party control of both chambers of Congress for the first time in eight years.

By the end of the night Republicans had taken seven Senate seats from the Democrats, giving the party control of 52 of the 100 seats in the chamber. In Alaska the Republican Dan Sullivan has a strong lead, but his opponent, the Democratic incumbent, Mark Begich, has declined to concede pending the count of absentee ballots. In Louisiana the incumbent Democrat, Mary Landrieu, …


In recent years, some unmanned operation systems for the hydraulic excavator are required and some systems are already developed. However, it is difficult to realize effective operation utilizing such systems, because the operator cannot sense ground condition. The skillful operator adaptive their operation to the excavating environment based on the experience, and realizing the efficient excavating. In this paper, we described the experiment for extracting operator's skill for controlling unmanned hydraulic excavator. We compare the operation of skillful with non-skillful operator and discuss the result for the modeling of operator's skill. From these results, we have revealed that skillful operator realizes unified trajectories of the bucket with quick moving and this causes the efficient performance.


A data processing method and device, and a storage medium. The method comprises: acquiring a first buffer characteristic parameter corresponding to at least one memory (101); acquiring a second buffer characteristic parameter corresponding to at least one memory bank, the at least one memory bank being provided in the at least one memory (102); when it is determined that there is first data written into the at least one memory bank in the at least one memory, adjusting the first buffer characteristic parameter corresponding to the memory and adjusting the second buffer characteristic parameter corresponding to the memory bank, according to information about an address into which the first data is written (103); and when it is determined that there is second data read out of the at least one memory bank in the at least one memory, adjusting the first buffer characteristic parameter corresponding to the memory and adjusting the second buffer characteristic parameter corresponding to the memory bank, according to information about the address out of which the second data is read (104).


: One of the major limitations of driver authentication and identification systems proposed in the literature is the need to retrain the models every time a new driver need to be identified. In this context, this work aims to present a novel application of siamese neural networks (SNN) for driver authentication, exploiting the ability of this network topology to create a feature space that facilitates discriminating drivers, even when such drivers are not in the training set. With the space created by SNN and distance-based techniques it was possible to discriminate the authenticity of drivers with an AUC (Area Under the Curve) higher than 99%. Resumo condutores n˜ao est˜ao no conjunto de treinamento. Com o espa¸co criado pela RNS e t´ecnicas baseadas em distˆancia foi poss´ıvel discriminar a autenticidade de condutores com uma AUC ( Area Under The Curve ) superior a 99%.


Two simulations were conducted to study the effect of dynamic perspective displays on performance measures collected during simulated flight. The first study was a pure altitude regulation task with simple first order plant dynamics. In the second simulation, pilots performed two basic rotary-wing flight tasks with dynamic perspective displays projected out-the-window (panoramic head up display) or on a panel mounted simulation of a sensor display. The data from the two studies, taken together, show that when such displays are used during flight, they will not degrade performance; and, under certain display configurations, they will minimize flight control errors.


The use of the finite element concept in the time domain has resulted in a reinterpretation of many previously recorded recurrence formulae and the discovery of new ones. An important new feature common to all such schemes is the fact that a weighted forcing term is used. This precludes the application of unrealistic forcing terms resulting in a direct finite difference derivation and 'smooths' oscillation due to sudden changes of boundary condition. This problem is discussed in the context of various two- and three-level time schemes.


The critical contribution of aquaporin-2 (AQP) to water homeostasis in mammals is highlighted by the severe concentrating defects seen in humans with mutations in the AQP2 gene and in mice that are AQP2 null or have loss-of-function mutations in AQP2 .[1][1],[2][2] The role of the antidiuretic


Jet grouting has become a common method of ground improvement for microtunneling (MT) and horizontal directional drilling (HDD) in difficult ground conditions. Both MT and HDD performance is evaluated for two recent major Honolulu projects with complex geologic conditions where jet grouting served both temporary and permanent roles. While similar concepts have been applied with jet grouting at other microtunnel or tunnel sites, quantitative evaluation of improved MT or HDD performance appears lacking in literature. Effects from variations in jet grout column designs are presented based on field observations and collected data. Performance evaluation criteria is discussed for grouting and trenchless projects, illustrating benefits of combined uses.


A sulfonated aromatic stain resist chemical consisting of the condensation product of phenol sulfonic acid, dihydroxy diphenol sulfone, and formaldehyde was separated by semi-prep scale reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Stain resistance activity was demonstrated in only two of the ten fractions that were isolated, with very slight activity in another two fractions. The active stain resist component is a low molecular weight condensation product of the sulfonic acid and sulfone with the phenolic groups converted to alkyl aryl ethers. The active component comprises only about 10% of the total weight of the stain resist chemical.


1 The state of being single among women and men is not new. Even 100 years ago, the American and German populations included singles or people who lived alone. Publicly they were associated with mostly negative images. However since the 1930s, several terms- including the bachelor and the single girl - emerged in which singles were connotated positively within mainstream discourse (Chudacoff).The emerging playboy of the 1930s belongs to the category of the bachelor, as well - that man who prefers playing and consuming to working and getting married (Kimmel 255). He prefers 'consuming' his counterpart, the working, urban young woman, the Single Girl. From a popcultural standpoint, the icons of this phenomenon would be the movie-couple Rock Hudson and Doris Day. Throughout history this phenomenon can be located before the global economic crisis of the 1920s in the shape of the so-called flapper girls. After World War II there was a resurgence for the verve of tough women. It was the era of the single girls, who demanded, like Rosalind Russel in His Girl Friday, 'take me as I am instead of changing me' (Faludi).2 However, was this single girl phenomenon just a temporary fashion, does it represent movie characters of the post-war era or was it a social movement that we can consider feminist? There is no general definition of what a so-called single girl represents - besides the fact that she lived on her own - as she is defined by heterogeneity. If one takes the socio-scientific state of research into consideration, the scientific community is at odds and three terms can be found to describe the state of living alone. According to Bachmann, the terms for being single and living alone seem to exist as semantic metamorphoses which are rarely comprehensible, and that everyone can apply when it comes to the subject of a "disengaged life". In this essay, the term single will be applied for any form of a solitary life. Even though the more neutral word 'single' substituted the terms Bachelor and Spinster from the 1960s onwards, the term Bachelor will be used for solitary men, as we want to place he phenomenon of the single-girls as well as the Bachelor in a historical perspective. Further we use the term phenomenon for solitary women within the USA and we will be discussing at least briefly about the German solitary women as a social movement. Sidney Torrows claims that social movements are characterized by people who do not participate in the political and public sphere are now involved in the active shaping of the latter. According to this claim, one could argue that the single girls in Germany after World War II were a social and to some extent feminist movement, whereas one has to speak of the US single girls as a phenomenon since social phenomena are only to be understood within their process-related structural frame, according to the sociologist Norbert Elias. Within these structures the participants form constellations that are within and in relation to society subordinated to a mutual alteration. This way of looking upon single women from a historical perspective is neglected in academic literature so far. Disengaged women, who in a way can be considered to be marginalized in society to date, are a global socio-cultural phenomenon. Their history reaches far into the past. Within historical discourse, these women were confronted with several stereotypes. At the turn of the century it was above all the self-dependent immigrant women in the USA who caused the American women of the Victorian era quite a headache. Using a racist morality, the latter fiercely fought the former. At this point it is crucial to mention that this marginal group possessed the power to constitute an independent community. After World War II, white middle-class women moved into the discourse of an independent and consumption-oriented femininity. Here in the discourse, consumption primarily refers to the consumption of sex.3 In Germany the situation was a bit different. …


A simple, hi-sensitive, accurate, precise and specific UPLC method was developed for the identification and quantification of antioxidant from complex dosage forms. The chromatographic separation employs the isocratic elution by using C 18 column by using the mobile phase containing mixture of Methanol, Acetonitrile, Tetrahydrofuran and Buffer, with the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The analyte was detected and quantified at the wavelength of 291 nm by using photo diode array detector. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and found to be specific, precise, linear and accurate. The peak purity of analyte with the aid of photo diode array detector was satisfactory. Hence this method was concluded that stability indicating method. Key Words: Antioxidant, Complex Molecules, Stability Indicating UPLC method.


Consumption of biofortified foods such as sweet potatoes with high content of β-carotene may reduce deficiency of this micronutrient. The development of biofortified sweet potato chips expands the distribution and offers an alternative to the consumption of this product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal blanching methods (steam and in boiling water) in β-carotene retention in the production of dehydrated biofortified sweet potato chips with air circulation at 65°C. The raw material, the chips blanched in steam and in boiling water had a content of β-carotene of 501.86 ± 53.65, 490.23 ± 30.00 and 473.91 ± 11.43 µg g-1 (d.b.) respectively. The retention of β-carotene for steam and boiling water blanching was 97.7 and 94.4% respectively. The blanching conditions followed by drying used in the processing to obtain sweet potato chips were adequate as they resulted in β-carotene high retention.


The marketing environment is evolving and is prone to transformation more often than ever, due to the new digital era and rapid technological development;therefore, companies, along with marketers, are constantly trying to improve consumer experience, in an effort to fulfill their customers` needs and desires accordingly.Studying the consumer behavior of Generation Z is crucial for online marketers due to the fact that they are starting to gain significant purchasing power and have become a target audience for retailers worldwide. Through this article, we aim to find out insights regarding consumption habits, preferences of shopping methods, preferred channels, attitudes, perceptions regarding certain influencing factors of Generation Z consumers, focusing on online marketing elements. The research instrument was a survey created through the Google Forms platform which was distributed exclusively to Generation Z respondents via online channels.The survey was completed by a total number of 125 respondents and the obtained results were presented in the form of a descriptive analysis.The main results show that Gen Z consumers are more likely to use online channels in their buying process(as a means of information) and are influenced by a different range of factors than previous generations.Other elements that we focused on were the preffered online shopping channels, shopping habits according to various product categories, attitude towards brands and willingness to pay. Apart from the scientific contribution, this study can have as possible practical implications the development and customization of new marketing directions by companies, with the aim of targeting this audience of great interest, namely Gen Z.


Key Points The ASH Research Collaborative includes a patient-level data platform for SCD and MM, expanding to other conditions in the future. The ASH Research Collaborative gathers input from patients, clinicians, researchers, industry, and government representatives.


Provided is a white rigid decorative member which has significantly improved scratch resistance and wear resistance and which has a high-grade color tone. Also provided is a product which can have a color tone, corrosion resistance, and etching performance that have been controlled at will. This white rigid decorative member is configured using films of alloys of a metal which shows high adhesion to metals and has high brightness (metal having poor corrosion resistance; Mo or W), a metal which gives a high-hardness film and has high corrosion resistance (metal having poor adhesion; Nb or Ta), and a metal which enhances corrosion resistance (Cr, Ti, Hf, or Zr). The decorative member is configured of a base and, formed thereon, an alloy adhesion layer which shows high adhesion, a gradient-alloy adhesion layer deposited while increasing the content of a reactant gas in a gradient manner, a wear-resistant layer having high hardness, and a topping-alloy gradient layer deposited while reducing the content of a reactant gas in a gradient manner.


Abstract. The heterometallic complex [Co2Ni2(OH)2(O2CtBu)6(HOEt)6]·2EtOH (1) with a so called butterfly structural motif was prepared by reaction of the homometallic precursor complexes [Co2(H2O)(O2CtBu)4(HO2CtBu)4] and [Ni2(H2O)(O2CtBu)4(HO2CtBu)4] in an one to one ratio under elevate temperature. Complex 1 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy, elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The magnetic data show an overall antiferromagnetic behavior, which can be explained with three different coupling constants, resulting in a paramagnetic ground state.


Evolution in the context surrounding French highway projects was significant at the end of the 20th Century. This evolution involved increasing constraints, primarily environmental (reflected by legislation such as the law on water, etc.) and economic, as well as concerns for the safety of both users and operators. These developments influenced strongly the body of engineering literature (guides, codes, etc.), which was fundamentally renewed and complemented during the final decade. Moreover, "standards" are today increasingly questioned. This may be explained by changes in the contexts--institutional, socioeconomic, and legal--surrounding their utilization. Positions require explanation if they are to be accessible, understood and ultimately accepted by all players. Formal presentation of justifications satisfies a number of aims: reinforcing the credibility of recommendations, enhancing their appropriation, favoring their enlightened application, facilitating their maintenance and subsequent development. In concrete terms, this is reflected in a number of ways: direct inclusion of justification in guides, drafting of specific explanatory documentation or, again, compilation of answers to all the (very numerous!) questions raised during consultation phases involving the whole engineering community. A number of recent French publications bear witness to these developments.


Introduction: Superior Orbital Fissure (SOF) is the major gateway into the orbit from the cranial cavity. Important nerves and vessels pass through it. Variation in the shape and its measurements greatly influence the course and distribution of these structures. Aim: To study the dried human skulls and observe the shape of the SOF and to measure the supero-medial and supero-lateral edges along with the distance between them. Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional, conducted over a period of one year starting from July 2019 to June 2020 at Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, on fifty- one dried human skulls which were thoroughly examined and their shape was noted and photographed. The measurements were taken using Vernier calliper and statistically analysed using Microsoft Excel with frequency (n) and percentage (%) analysis. Results: The predominant shape was type VI on both right and left sides. The mean superomedial edge height was 10.07±0.85 mm on right and 9.72±0.71 mm on left side. The mean superolateral edge height was 3.76±0.75 mm on right and 3.65±0.87mm on left side. The mean distance between superomedial to superolateral edges was 19.52±0.65 mm on right side and 19.01±0.65 mm on left side. Conclusion: Nine different shapes of superior orbital fissure were found in the study and type VI was the most frequently observed shape. The study did not find any difference between the widths of the right and the left SOF in dried human skulls.


A modular PET detector system with variable geometry, BioPET, has been constructed to specifically study plant-microorganism-environment complexes. While the modular design in combination with rotation and translation mechanics provides greater flexibility in detector arrangement, adaptive data processing and image reconstruction methods are needed for such a transformable system. In this work, we developed a data processing pipeline by making used of a generic, modular, and extensible platform for tomography reconstruction, CASToR, and applied the process to evaluate performance of BioPET in rotational and stationary modes. The NEMA NU 4-2008 image quality phantom was utilized for analysis of recovery coefficients, spillover ratios, uniformity, and their relationship to selected reconstruction parameters. The rotational mode outperforms the stationary mode in exhibiting lower spillover effect as well as in reconstructing the activity concentration of smaller features, although partial volume effect is evidenced in both modes. The behaviour of the performance indices as a function of the selected reconstruction parameters is found specific to each detection mode. The procedure and the image quality characterization presented in this work are driving the development and optimization of data processing, image reconstruction and correction framework towards quantitative image analysis for PET systems with flexible geometry.


RFID in libraries is largely used for basic stock control. This presentation to the RFID conference considers what else it could be used for to increase our return on investment and reinvigorate our library spaces.


This document represents the Corrective Action Plan for underground storage tank 2331-U, previously located at Building 9201-1, Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Tank 2331-U, was removed on December 14, 1988. Based on the determination that groundwater at the Building 9201-1 Site is classified as a nondrinking water source, the applicable TDEC Closure Action Levels for remediation of petroleum contaminated groundwater at the facility are 0.070 ppm for benzene and 1.0 ppm for total petroleum hydrocarbons. Analytical results for groundwater samples collected during investigations at the Building 9201-1 Site suggest that an area of groundwater contamination exceeding applicable action levels, and measuring approximately 1,500 ft{sup 2}, extends from the Building 9201-1 former tank pit east/southeast toward Building 9105. A wide variety of corrective action responses and options were evaluated for possible remediation of petroleum contaminated soils and groundwater at the Building 9201-1 Site. The recommended corrective action approach for groundwater involves extraction of contaminated groundwater through recovery wells, treatment using aeration, and release of treated groundwater into the Y-12 Plant storm sewer system. If aeration is found to be inadequate, then in-line carbon filtration of the groundwater will be implemented. Based on screening criteria established for the evaluation process,more » a combination of corrective action options was selected to accomplish soil remediation at the facility. The recommended corrective action approach for soils at the Building 9201-1 Site involves initial excavation and confirmatory sampling of contaminated soils from impact areas, land aeration of these soils at a suitable treatment bed, and final disposal of the treated soils in place at the treatment bed site. If land aeration is found to be unsuccessful in completing remediation of the contaminated soils, then bioremediation will be implemented at the treatment bed.« less


This study designs the users' interest degree evaluation index to fulfill the users' real needs,which includes: the user attention of commodity,hot commodity and offer commodity,and constructs User Interest Degree Model which is used to justify the high and low of the user interest degree.The paper also presents the personalization approach,covering operations add and deleting nodes(branches).The improved e-catalog is more satisfying to the users' needs and wants than the former for enterprises,and would help the enterprises to complete the recommendation of their related products.


SUBTITLE: ORIGINALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN OFFSHORE OPERATIONS, THE S-76 HAS BEEN CONTINUOUSLY IMPROVED SINCE IT FIRST FLEW 25 YEARS AGO AND TODAY REMAINS THE LEADING BUSINESS HELICOPTER.


he poses quietly and sometimes devastatingly. But at other times his balanced considerations are a bit lifeless. Perhaps the problem is that he chose to analyze each man's thought chronologically, book by book. This tends to turn his chapters into excellent book reports. King also may be faulted for a curious emphasis in a book about sexual radicals: he seriously neglects Brown, while dealing at length with Goodman, a mild sexual radical at most. In fact, King's chapter on Goodman is fascinating and revealing, but his brief consideration of Brown is less successful. He does not enter Brown's world, nor does he seem to want to. There is little evidence that King appreciates Brown's puzzling, but also dazzling, creativity. Consequently, King does not give us a full sense of Brown, and since Brown is surely the most radical thinker of the group, this is a disappointment. When one finishes King's The Party of Eros, however, one knows he has read a book that is learned, thoughtful, and balanced.


The table data for R-T dependence of NTC resistors (NTCRs), which have resistance RN = 10000 W at a temperature of 25 °C and limits of error p ; 0, 2 °C in the range (0 to 70) °C [1-4], are analysed. The determination of two approximation curves is described: a three-parameters (abbreviated as AC1) and a two-parameters (AC2). These curves are compared with the three-parameters Steinhart-Hart equation (SH ; 15 mK for the range (0 to 70) °C. Therefore, presented two-parameters approximation curve AC2 can be very convenient for the use with some NTCRs for the calculation of unknown temperature from the measured resistance.


Severe droughts have brought an impact to many areas in Indonesia: diminishing water supply. Factors that contribute are mainly deforestation and unregulated ground water drilling. With an increasing population, the demand for water is also escalating. As a consequence, many residential areas and industries are extracting ground water to fulfill their daily demands. This has led to the depletion of ground water down to a significant low level. The city of Bandung is dangerously critical in terms of ground water supply as it is predicted to be dry in 2025 (ADB, 2016). Driven with a sense of urgency, this project aims to provide an option for urban households of north Bandung to manage surface water by rainwater harvesting, using rain barrels. It is a system that collects rainwater runoff for later use. Rain barrels can be especially important in arid or heavily populated urban areas to reduce demands on increasingly limited water supply. Rainwater harvesting systems are measured by the area for collecting water (in m2 or ft2) and the volume of water they store (in liters or gallons) (Feehan et al., 2014). To size a system for a site, areas chosen for the rainwater collecting site should have enough volume of water for occupants, given the site's rainfall patterns. Data is required to calculate the rainwater harvest rate, occupants' needs, rainfall and efficiency (www.watercache.com). In addition, the system should also include a filter so water can be used for washing. Once the data is collected, then the cost of installing the system can be estimated, where the cost can be applied to individual households or shared in communities. The application of a rainwater harvesting system can be a sustainable solution in areas where water is scarce, as well as a positive environmental impact in the long run.


On state-of-the-art neuromorphic hardware small LIF networks are able to perform Neural Sampling. It is crucial that the single neurons are supplied with stochastic background noise. This is modeled as a set of spike trains originated from a Poisson process. In the current hardware generation, this Poisson noise has to be generated externally. Alternatively, one has to fall back on Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs), which are able to generate background noise for small network sizes and short times on chip. This thesis aims to investigate the influence sampling with LFSR generated background noise has. Second, several LFSR architectures are investigated, which are able to generate decorrelated spike trains under the constraint of using as few LFSRs as possible. One approach bases on a kind of Cox Processes: Poisson Processes with Bernoulli trials as stochastic rate. A second approach uses modified Gold-Code generators, which are able to generate background noise for a small LIF neuron network with only two registers and a minor loss in sampling quality.


In 1986 the Bellgreen Bassmasters Club of Russellville, Alabama, requested TVA to consider changing operating guide curves for Cedar Creek and Little Bear Creek Reservoirs in northern Alabama. In response an operating alternative was selected with potential for increasing the multi-purpose recreational benefits of the reservoirs, while retaining adequate storage for flood control purposes. Beginning in 1988 and continuing through 1991, summer recreational pool levels on both Cedar Creek and Little Bear Creek Reservoirs were extended for about six weeks from October 1 to November 15. Extension of summer pool elevations is commonly perceived as enhancing recreational value of reservoirs in the Tennessee River system (TVA 1991). Additionally, winter minimum pool elevations were raised to 608 (formerly 603) and 566 (formerly 560) at Little Bear Creek and Cedar Creek Reservoirs, respectively. This report discusses the environment and economic impacts these changes have influenced.


In this paper, we showed the methods of computing normal forms for high dimensional nonlinear maps theoretically. In particular, for those whose linear parts in the critical points are diagonalizable. The methods are constructive and quite applicable. Meanwhile, two examples are given.


TC-2 ot Double Star Program (DSP) was successfully Iaunched from Taiiyuan Satellite Launch Center of 15:05 on July 25,2004,and was put into the polar orbit with perigee of 681.7156 km and apogee of 38278.89 km.China National Space Administration (CNSA) made on


INTRODUCTION CONSIDERABLE information concerning the metabolism of the 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) has accumulated as a result of the introduction of methods for measuring the free material in various body fluids (1). However, a sizable fraction of the total 17-OHCS in the plasma and the major portion of the 17-OHCS in the urine are not measured by these methods because the corticoids are esterified with glucuronic acid. The recent development of methods for the estimation of 17-OHCS conjugated with glucuronic acid (2) has made possible an extension of our knowledge of 17-OHCS metabolism. Techniques for the measurement of free and conjugated 17-OHCS have been employed in our laboratory to study 17-OHCS metabolism in a variety of clinical situations. The results of such studies in normal human subjects arc presented in this communication. These observations will be compared in subsequent papers with observations made in patients with thyroid (3), liver (4) and kidney (5) disease.


Fragile X syndrome, the leading known cause of heritable mental retardation, is associated with mutations of the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. Neurobiological research has characterized several gene-brain-function correlations in fragile X syndrome, although no complete pathogenic mechanisms have yet been elucidated. This report summarizes current knowledge of the neurobiology of fragile X syndrome. Published research findings are presented along with a discussion of the relevance of neurobiological data to the neurobehavioral phenotype and genetic mechanisms associated with the FMR1 mutation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


This paper examines Hegel's claim that philosophy "has no other object than God" as a claim about the essentiality of the idea of God to philosophy. on this idealist interpretation, even atheistic philosophies would presuppose rationally evaluable ideas of God, despite denials of the existence of anything corresponding to those ideas. This interpretation is then applied to Hegel's version of idealism in relation to those of two predecessors, leibniz and Kant. Hegel criticizes the idea of the Christian God present within his predecessors in terms of his own heterodox reading of the Trinity in order to resolve a paradox affecting them – the "paradox of perspectivism". Hegel makes claims about the relation of philosophy to religion that might raise concerns for those who want to locate his philosophy generally within the modern enlightenment tradition. For example, at the outset of his Lectures on Aesthetics he claims that philosophy "has no other object but God and so is essentially rational theology".1 What might seem to placate worries here is that Hegel of course differentiates between the forms of religious and philosophical cognition in which such a content is presented: while religion grasps this content in the form of imagistic 1 G. W. F. Hegel, Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art, trans. T. m. Knox (oxford: oxford university Press, 1975), p. 101. original German: G. W. F. Hegel, Werke in zwanig Bänden, edited by eva moldenhauer and Karl markus michel (Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am main, 1969), vol. 13, p. 139. (Hereafter given in parentheses by volume and page numbers.) Philosophy, along with art and religion, belongs to what he refers to as "Absolute Spirit", and these three realms having this same content – God – "differ only in the forms in which they bring home to consciousness their object, the Absolute." Ibid.


Many organizations apply EA as part of their IT management and planning activities. From their perspective, it would seem that EA should play an important role in strategic planning, alignment and prioritization. Today we know the four top EA frameworks, which are often used in preparing the EA. The four top EA frameworks are the Zachman, Gartner, TOGAF and FEA. But in reality we have to be sure whether the four top EA frameworks can be directly adopted into organizations. To answer these questions, we conducted a study of the basic functions and staging in the development of EA in order to obtain certainty on the indicators and requirements in main components of EA methodology development.In this study we will use qualitative methods with a strategy of inquiry using grounded theory. This process involves using multiple stages of data collection and refinements and finding interrelationship of categories of information. Two primary characteristics of this method are the constant comparison of data with emerging categories and theoretical sampling of different perspective to maximize the similarities and the differences of information.


In this issue of Blood, Scheinberg et al investigate moderate-dose cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) in treatment-naive patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The study was stopped for safety reasons.1


This essay will survey Gurdjieff's central ideas, locate his sources and delineate the main reasons for his "Work"; explain chief methods and evaluate his place in the history of ideas and in the contemporary visions of human condition. His life, one of the great adventure stories of the 20th century is not our concern ( an interested reader can consult Riordan-Speeth's book (1) as the best introduction to all things Gurdjieffian ) ours is a more critical and investigative, even inquisitive approach.


Foodservice operators have being facing challenges from competitors as well as consumer's demands along with the growing market. Customers in particular are more than ever before looking for new and unique experiences. To meet these challenges, company has to emphasize and accommodate ''innovation'' in their business to provide alternative and better services as compared to their competitors. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between employees charged behaviors and the incentive practices implemented by the companies, to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of the practices on the arouse of employee's charged behavior. Results of this study showed that foodservice companies have implemented incentive practices to provide their employees the channel to bring out new ideas during their work. Among the practices, 'Vision communication' was the most implemented one in foodservice companies, while 'Study group' was the least implemented. The results also confirmed that the implementation of incentive practices increased the charged behavior of employees. However, the practices with higher level of implementation did not necessarily showed higher correlation to employees' charged behavior. The practice of '15% time program' was found to have the highest impact to the employees' charged behavior. Managerial implementations were suggested to the foodservice company, in order to increase their employees' charged behavior and, therefore, enhance their service innovation performance.


A review of 72 patients with chest injuries admitted to Tikur Anbessa Hospital in  Ethiopia between February 1996 and February 1999 was undertaken. All but one  patient were treated with chest drainage. Approximately 85% of the patients were succesfully treated with chest drains leaving no residual defects. This simple, effective and affordable equipment should be made available in all hospitals. Chest drainage is a life-saving procedure for patients with chest injuries which all doctors should be  confident with. Kev words: chest injury, chest drain, associated injuries.


To improve the capability of low voltage ride-through of direct-driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator(D-PMSG),the signal of grid side and generator side power difference was applied to outer loop to keep DC voltage stable and based on the degree that voltage dipped to export reactive power and active power.The simulation results show that the method can improve the D-PMSG wind power system low voltage through capability,limit the DC voltage and increase reactive power output when the grid side voltage dips within the 20%.


In this paper, we propose a method combining a deconvolution algorithm and a feedback modification to design a freeform lens for structured light illumination. The deconvolution algorithm can alleviate the blur effect caused by the extended light source and the feedback modification can further improve the quality of the structured light by iteration. A lens for a linear sinusoidal pattern is designed by the proposed method. Simulation results show the contrast is 89%, compared to 57% achieved by the conventional design method.


The key aspects and features of a professional development record book produced by the Institution of Electric Engineers, designed to enable engineers of all ages, levels and disciplines to tailor their personal Continuing professional development (CPD), plan their careers and maintain a record of their aims and achievements are discussed. The different ways in which the record book will be of assistance are highlighted.


It is now just 21 years since the dipping phenomenon was described in a letter to The Lancet. 1 In a cohort of 123 consecutive patients who had ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurement (ABPM) performed, the majority (83%) were dippers on the basis of having a difference of ≥10/5 mmHg between day and nighttime BPs, with 17% being nondippers. The nondippers had a significantly higher frequency of stroke than dippers, and the concluding challenge that research should turn its attention to the prognostic and therapeutic implications of this finding was taken up with an alacrity that has resulted in much debate over 2 decades.

The reproducibility of the dipping phenomenon,2 how it should best be defined,3 its hemodynamic physiology,4 its relationship to daytime activity5 and to the quality of sleep,6 and its relationship to other surrogate end points, such as arterial stiffness,7 have all been the subject of considerable research that continues apace. However, the 2 topics of greatest interest to clinical practice are the importance of the dipping phenomena as markers of future outcome8 and the therapeutic implications of 24-hour BP control.9 The importance of these issues is now well recognized, and it follows, therefore, that managing hypertension without ABPM is no longer acceptable. This being so, the next logical step in the debate is the implementation of ABPM in primary care and an analysis of the benefits of such an approach to hypertension management.10

In this regard, we must be grateful to our Spanish …


: This paper presents the results of Static analysis and Design of retaining wall with and without shelves. Cantilever retaining wall with pressure relief shelves is considered as a special type of retaining wall. The concept of providing pressure relief shelves on the backfill side of a R.C.C retaining wall reduces the total earth pressure on the wall, which results in a reduced thickness of the wall and ultimately i0n an economic design of a cantilever wall. The conclusions in this thesis drawn based on the discussion and results obtained analytically and using Staad-Pro. model study. The pressure distribution diagram changes much due to addition of shelves. The pressure relief shelves have been extend up to the failure plane to achieve the stability of the structure. In practice, there is limitation of using more number of shelves, but up to three shelve may be used economically for high retaining walls. It is also observed that, the average saving in cost of construction is 15% to 25% by the provision of relief shelves over the conventional cantilever retaining wall. Analytical results of active earth pressure, nodal reactions, and bending moments with pressure relief shelves have been close agreement with the Staad-Pro. Software result.


ABSTRACT In this introduction, we emphasize the urgency of centering bodyminds and communities whose lives and experiences have been disregarded, or viewed as disposable, in medical and technical communication. With an expansive vision of health, we set the interdisciplinary stage for authors who answer the call of multiply-marginalized scholars working in (and beyond) medical rhetorics to reimagine health-related research that centers the perspectives, experiences, and embodied realities of multiply-marginalized communities (Jones, 2020; Walton, Moore, Jones 2019).


The existing teaching model of liberal arts is a kind of knowledge education,and the goal lies in giving the existing knowledge to students,whose theory is based on the agricultural society's economy.In time of agricultural society,knowledge,generally speaking,was limited,while encyclopedia-like Master was possible to arrive on earth.When the history of mankind enters the modern society,especially the information society,the way to get information and information sources is inconceivable easy and rich.Such society needs persons who master a kind of knowledge,but talents who can gain new knowledge and create new knowledge.So the modern education could be no way a passive education,but a kind of "the knowledge supermarket" or knowledge "hunting ground".This kind of time transformation should bring about the fundamental change of education idea and education model of liberal arts.


It describes the different 3D techniques of imaging and uses of Conebeam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in dentistry and specially in orthodontics, CBCT equipment has a greatly reduced physical footprint and is approximately one quarter to one fifth the cost of conventional CT. CBCT provides images of highly contrasting structures and is therefore particularly well suited for the imaging of osseous structures of the craniofacial area. Uses of cbct is increase in different branch in dentistry, it is use in RCT, impacted teeth, cephlometic, air way analysis.


The motion of an ion cloud which is produced by a corona discharge with a high voltage pulse of a short duration and is introduced into parallel plate electrodes is calculated numerically. The ion cloud initially placed at the tip of a needle electrode is simulated by a number of ring charges and the trajectories of individual ring charges are calculated by using electric field strength obtained with a charge simulation method. Not only movement of the ion cloud but also the waveform of the induced current flowing through a ring electrode located at the center of the parallel plate electrode are simulated and analyzed. The ion cloud with an initial diameter of 0.5 mm expands to 5 mm by electrostatic repulsion within 10 /spl mu/s after the beginning of drift. During drifting toward the counter electrode. The ion cloud extends wider to around the diameter of around 20 to 25 mm. The size and velocity of ion clouds agree with those estimated by experiments and the waveform of induced current obtained by experiments is reproduced by this simulation.<<ETX>>


Drawing upon original survey research this article seeks to identify the generative processes that influence perceptions of the police in the context of an inner-city neighbourhood in Northern Ireland that has been affected by increases in crime and disorder in the aftermath of the peace process. Conceptually we draw upon recent research from England and Wales that outlines confidence in the police in terms of instrumental and expressive dimensions. We apply this framework and consider whether it provides a useful template for understanding the post-conflict dynamics of police–community relations in our study area. Contrary to much received wisdom our analysis suggests that instrumental concerns about crime and illegal activity are a more influential predictor of attitudes to the police than expressive concerns with disorder and anti-social behaviour. Consequently our discussion points to the variance in local and national survey data and questions the degree to which the latter can usefully inform our understanding of trends and developments in discrete micro-spaces. Our conclusion outlines the potential policy implications for state policing practice in deprived urban spaces.


A circulating cooler of temp-difference semiconductor is composed of at least one temp-difference semiconductor, cooling system matched with said temp-difference semiconductor, and a heat radiator. Said cooling system consists of open cavity, pipeline, water pump and heat conducting medium. Said temp-difference semiconductor is fixed to the opening of said open cavity to enclose the cavity. Its advantages are simple structure, small size, light weight, low cost and high heat dissipating efficiency.


Enterprise business planning system includes a plurality of application servers, the administration console for generating a deployment map for coupling each of a set of enterprise planning models for each set of the application server. The administration console, either automatically or in response to an input from a system administrator, can be precisely controlled deployment of computer resources to the enterprise planning. Administration Console may adjust the deployment map based on deadlines approaching for corporate planning activities. When managing tasks coupled with corporate planning activities, the administration console divides the task into a number of jobs, it binds to slice having different model according to the organization hierarchy defined for each job by the model. As a result, it is possible to precisely control the allocation of computer resources to business activities can be adjusted to suit the current needs in the organizational hierarchy.


Our study has some limitations. First, we compared the results of our CT-guided 1 approach with patients undergoing anatomical landmark-based EVD implantation within 2 the CT unit serving as the control cohort. The smaller ventricles and more pronounced 3 midline shift in the CT-guided group could point to a selection bias. It is therefore 4 important to emphasize, that the CT-guided approach was exclusively used after the first 5 successful attempt in May 2015. The retrospective study design that included only 6 patients within our CT unit was chosen, as it enabled an analysis of the exact number of 7 misplaced drains and insertion attempts as well as the time of the procedure. These 8 parameters were not systematically documented in our patients` charts undergoing 9 freehand EVD implantation outside the CT unit or operating room and could not have 10 been reliably analysed in these patients. It might be argued that our controls are already 11 selected cases who were implanted under special conditions within the CT unit and, 12 do not generalizable control cohort for freehand implantation. 13


Loss of honesty and credit in ideology, study and life indicates both college students'ideological and ethic level and weakness of ideological and ethic education in institutions of higher learning. College students lose honesty and credit for three reasons: negative influence of society, improper college ethical education and lack of systematic ideological education. Relevant countermeasures are as follows: creating favorable social credit atmosphere, intensifying ethic education on honesty and credit among college students, bringing the example role of teachers into full play, establishing each individual college student's credit records etc.


The purpose of this thesis is to focus on leadership in UNINETT AS and the competences and knowledge used by management in this knowledge-based company. I am researching if it is possible for discipline-oriented leaders to change their focus toward strategic leadership. The basis for the results and findings in this thesis are a survey among employees, and indepth interviews with five leaders in UNINETT AS. I have surveyed leadership and its evolution in the company. I have considered knowledge management and strategic management and their importance for the company. I find this interesting to consider in relation to knowledge management theory. I my opinion this is critical in the development of the people working in the organization, the organization itself and its environment. I consider the evolution of leadership in relation to six research questions and consider them in the theoretical knowledge management context. The results from the survey show that management in this knowledge-based company largely base their leadership on their discipline, strategic management, organization culture, knowledge management, and silent knowledge. I find that the ability and possibilities for leaders to succeed in our knowledge-based society are dependent on their abilities to assimilate and absorb modern management style. The need for leadership does not disappear with flat organization structures and independent, knowledgeable employees, but a different form of leadership is required; the ability to acknowledge and develop people, which I consider paramount in the knowledgebased company. Furthermore, a clear goal and common vision and strategy for the company is very important for the company's strategic development and leadership practice. I find that the management structure/pyramid in this knowledge-based company is upside down in relation to traditional management structures/pyramids in Taylor's Scientific Management, placing the knowledge employee on top of the hierarchy. This leads to a change of power where knowledge leaders become facilitators and contribute to knowledge creation and knowledge sharing. This structure enables the company to succeed with its goal achievements, and contributes to that this knowledge-intensive company can succeed with a low degree of authority management.


Metal nanoparticles have revolutionized the beauty industry by offering antimicrobial properties, enhanced product performance, improved texture, and targeted delivery of active ingredients. These nanoparticles exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and offer potential in wound healing, acne treatment, and skin whitening and anti-aging formulations. Gold nanoparticles have gained attention in skin whitening and anti-aging formulations due to their unique optical properties. Metal nanoparticles also provide photoprotection in sunscreens and other photoprotective products by absorbing or scattering harmful UV radiation. However, safety concerns, long-term effects, skin penetration, accumulation, and systemic toxicity require further evaluation. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, understanding efficacy and mechanisms of action, and addressing safety concerns to unlock the full potential of metal nanoparticles in cosmetology.


A compilation, review and analysis of the current state of art of different theoretical and practical aspects on the design and evaluation of geothermal steam separators, up to 2014, is presented in this paper. In addition, various computational work tools for designing and evaluating the behavior of geothermal steam separators are included. Most of these programs are based on the theory Lazalde-Crabtree to validate its operation, which is fundamental and applicable reference work for this end.


Based on the field expedition within recent years in Fujian Province,the new records of vascular plants were discovered. The two newly recorded genera are Brasenia Schreb. and Asyneuma Griseb. et Schenk.,and the six newly recorded species are Brasenia schreberi J. F. Gmel.,Asyneuma chinense D. Y. Hong,Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth.,Dicranopteris tetraphylla (Rosenst.) C. M. Kuo,Dalbegia benthamii Prain,Galium paradoxum Maxim. The new records have been described in detail.


Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6. If the air is polluted by oxides of sulfur and nitrogen that result from the burning of fossil fuels, these pollutants can cause the rain to become more acidic. When acid rain falls in a lake, it can lower the pH of the lake water, causing problems for the plants and animals that live there. In this Activity, students simulate acid rain falling on lakes by adding vinegar to bowls of water. Several of the bowls contain solids such as crushed chalk, sand, and lime. Students determine if the solids affect the acidity of each solution over the course of two days by periodically removing samples of each solution for testing with red cabbage indicator.


Perhaps the most pivotal factor in the psycholo gy of modern China has been the conflict subsystem of Chi nese behavior. As a framework for studying this system, the extensive data on some six hundred prominent individuals of the 1900-1950 period contained in the Biographical Diction ary o f Republican China furnish a logical data base and point of departure. Turning first to the conceptual foundations, we identify "face" as a guiding tenet, characterized by interper sonal definition and conventionalistic structure, but also stress the high flexibility of Chinese decision-makers under conditions where such concepts as honor, ethics, and morality often ob scure the objective self-interest of the Western strategist. From these axiomatic bases, the Chinese view of strategy in the co-ordinate system of space-time is analyzed. Finally, the general Chinese system of operational strategy is identified as a manipulative mechanism. Chinese emphasis on influencing the opponent's view of reality, his utility orderings, and turn ing these to one's own advantage is set against Western empha sis on the physical aspects of the objective situation. In this connection, strategy and its mechanisms are related to prob lems in communication and signaling, and avenues for future research are suggested.


The purpose of this research is to examinethe effect of the return on assets, free cash flow, debt to equity ratio, sales growth to dividen policy on property and real estate companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2014-2016. The population in this research are property and real estate companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange active from 2014 to 2016 with a sample of 18 companies. Based on analysis, it can be concluded that free cash flow positive and significant effect on dividen policy. Return on assets, debt to equity ratio and sales growth does not effect on dividen policy.


Chiral amines are highly valuable functionalised molecules which play an important role in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and chemical industry. To produce these interesting compounds, chemical synthesis pathways are typically used. However, these chemical methods are operated under high temperatures and pressures, are air- and water-sensitive, and need highly flammable metal-organic reagents or heavy metals. The chemical approach thus requires specialised (and expensive) equipment and has a large environmental impact. To overcome these drawbacks, enzymatic processes have recently received increased attention to produce these chiral amines. However, the low productivity of enzymatic processes hampers the widespread industrial implementation of such enzymatic processes.
In this dissertation, the aim is to make the enzymatic production of chiral amines more productive by using model-based analyses which allow to build process knowledge. First, the kinetic behaviour of the enzyme (i.e. ω-transaminase) is identified using an optimal experimental design approach, allowing a more accurate estimation of the kinetic parameters from the experimental data. Second, a generic methodology is developed to identify mass transfer limitations in microreactors. These mass transfer limitations reduce the reactor performance and should therefore be minimised. The use of the generic methodology allows to estimate productivity losses due to these mass transfer limitations. Finally, the estimation of kinetic parameters under mass transfer limited conditions is investigated. It is shown that accurate kinetic parameter estimates can be obtained under mass transfer limited conditions, but this is highly dependent on the experimental design.
The results of this dissertation allow to speed up kinetic characterisation of enzymes and to improve overall productivity by reducing mass transfer limitations.


and lower esophagus. Th ere was also severe esophagitis in the upper esophagus. Hemostasis was successfully achieved with submucosal epinephrine injection and HemoClip placement. However, due to the history hemophilia and recurrent esophageal diverticular bleeding, the patient underwent Ivory Lewis esophagectomy, jejunostomy and pyloromyotomy. Pathology revealed multiple cysts and pseudodiverticulum consistent with Esophageal Intramural Pseudodiverticulum. Th ere have been no further episodes of gastrointestinal hemorrhage since surgery. Conclusions: We present an uncommon case of extensive esophageal Intramural pseudodiverticulosis. Th is condition is generally asymptomatic, but can result in life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Surgical resection provides defi nitive therapy from complications. In this case, the patient had recurrent hospitalizations due to esophageal diverticular bleeding.


Background: Beijing You-chicken with a unique flavor and rich nutrition is an excellent local chicken breed in China. Clarifying the change of volatile odor during the storage of chicken is helpful to assist in judging the freshness of chicken.
Methods: The total viable count (TVC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), lightness value L* and thiobarbituric acid reactive rubstances (TBARS) of chicken breast were measured at 4oC and 25oC, respectively. And the electronic nose and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology were used to determine the changes of volatile compounds during storage.
Result: Significant changes of the volatile compounds were observed on first day at 25oC and the 8th day at 4oC of storage, which agreed with the results evaluated by detection of physicochemical indicators. The results of this study could serve as a theoretical basis for future research on detecting changes in chicken freshness by using the electronic nose and GC-MS technology.


Tritium has been used to directly measure the exchangeable hydrogen in bleached softwood kraft pulp. The hydrogen atoms associated with hydroxyl groups in pulp or with water contained in the pulp can dissociate and exchange with the hydrogen atoms in bulk water. Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen and behaves almost identically to it. The distribution of tritium between pulp and water (k pw ) can be easily measured and becomes an index of the protons available for hydrogen bonding. Bleached kraft pulp was refined in a PFI mill to a range of freenesses. Tritiated water was added and the amount exchanged measured. There was a slight steady increase in k pw until approximately 300 CSF; k pw then rose sharply between 300 CSF and 100 CSF. This rise appears to correlate with FSP. It is likely that the action of refining on the fiber reaches a threshold at about 300 CSF causing the fiber surface to break open creating exponentially more surface area. This theory is visually confirmed through light microscopy. The slow increase in fibrillation of the fibers above 300 CSF correlates with the increase in k pw . Beyond the threshold of 300 CSF a dramatic difference in fibrillation is shown, also corresponding with the large increase in k pw . The freeness difference around 300 CSF is small, but the change in fiber properties is extreme within this region. This change in properties could lead to sheet breaks and other disruptions when producing products around the threshold. This study leads to a better understanding of how fiber changes during refining, resulting in a practical benefit of target freeness determination. Presently, freeness is selected based on product quality and on some measure of runnability. Yet, there are other considerations, demonstrated by the extreme change in fiber properties around 300 CSF.


We can improve the sense of reality by CVE used in distance learning. This paper discusses how to build the CVLE and studies the way of dividing the user into several groups by Grid Computing. The communication data can be dealt on perceived strength. We can raise the utilization rate of the internet resource by building a logical network architecture.


The concrete dam's temperature conduct modulus change with the passing time.In order to study the change regularity of parameter re-demonstration with the passing time,this article re-demonstrate the temperature conduct modulus stagely through prototypical observetive materials,so as to draw up the change regularity of concrete dam's parameters re-demonstration,which change along with the time.


Purpose

– This paper aims to explore how collaboration influences supply chain resilience. Collaborative activities and their underlying mechanisms in relation to visibility, velocity and flexibility are investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

– An exploratory case study consisting of eight buyer–supplier relationships in the food processing industry was conducted.

Findings

– Key findings show how specific collaborative activities (information-sharing, collaborative communication, mutually created knowledge and joint relationship efforts) increase supply chain resilience via increased visibility, velocity and flexibility. Underlying mechanisms and interdependencies of these factors within the supply chain network are identified.

Originality/value

– This is one of the first papers to provide in-depth insights into collaboration as a formative element of resilience in a supply chain setting. A series of propositions explain the specific influence of collaborative activities on supply chain resilience beyond a single company perspective.


A central tenet of the New Economic Sociology is that trust is a central factor in the sound functioning of markets. Previous research has mainly used a national-scale network approach to argue that personal relations generate trust in market relations. In contrast, this article shows, from a comparative perspective, how political structures influence consumer trust. First, using aggregate data, it shows how consumer trust in markets varies across the 28 European Union (EU) member states. Second, it uses regression models to examine the effects of varying levels of political embeddedness on consumer trust, taking consumer policy as a proxy. The results support the view that it is not only personal relations that generate trust in market relations but also political structures. This argument echoes institutional economic sociological approaches, and it adds to them a trust dimension. It furthermore encourages a more finely grained comparative analysis to better account for the effects of social macrostructures on trust.


The original multi-target multi-Bernoulli (MeMBer) filter for multi-target tracking (MTT) is shown analytically to have a significant bias in its cardinality estimation. A novel cardinality balance multi-Bernoulli (CBMeMBer) filter reduces the cardinality bias by calculating the exact cardinality of the posterior probability generating functional (PGFl) without the second assumption of the original MeMBer filter. However, the CBMeMBer filter can only have a good performance under a high detection probability, and retains the first assumption of the MeMBer filter, which requires measurements that are well separated in the surveillance region. An improved MeMBer filter proposed by Baser et al. alleviates the cardinality bias by modifying the legacy tracks. Although the cardinality is balanced, the improved algorithm employs a low clutter density approximation. In this paper, we propose a novel structure for a multi-Bernoulli filter without a cardinality bias, termed as a novel multi-Bernoulli (N-MB) filter. We remove the approximations employed in the original MeMBer filter, and consequently, the N-MB filter performs well in a high clutter intensity and low signal-to-noise environment. Numerical simulations highlight the improved tracking performance of the proposed filter.


In this paper, we study the effect of a BGaN back-barrier on the DC and RF performances of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor. Using TCAD Silvaco, we examine some variations of thickness and boron concentration in the BGaN back-barrier layer. First, we fix the thickness of the back-barrier layer at 5 nm and we vary the concentration of the boron in BGaN from 1% to 4%. Second, we fix the concentration of the boron in BGaN to only 2% and we vary the thickness of the back-barrier layer from 20 nm to 110 nm. The BGaN back-barrier layer creates an electrostatic barrier under the channel layer and improves the performances of the device by improving the electron confinement in the two-dimensional electron gas. The DC and AC characteristics are improved, respectively, by a greater concentration of boron and by a thicker BGaN layer. For 4% boron concentration and 5 nm thick back-barrier layer, we obtain a maximum drain current of 1.1 A, a maximum transconductance of 480 mS mm−1, a cut-off frequency of 119 GHz, and a maximum oscillation frequency of 311 GHz.


India has got 192 billion tonnes of coal reserves but
majority are of high ash. Due to intimate mixing of ash forming minerals with coal seams, beneficiation of such coal results in poor separation efficiency. This paper deals with the available resources of coal, their chara-cteristics and problems associated with beneficiation of high ash Indian coals. The present coal cleaning practice is discussed with a reference to studies carried out at NML. The different emerging coal beneficiation techno-logies are discussed.The need of development and adoption of suitable technology and modification of the existing
washeries are emphasized.


ABSTRACT Introduction: There are clinical and economic benefits to incorporating clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) in patient care interventions in the clinical pharmacy setting. However, user dissatisfaction and resistance to HIT can prevent optimal use of such systems, particularly when users employ system workarounds and overrides. Objectives: The present study applied a modified version of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to evaluate the disposition and satisfaction with CDSS among clinical pharmacists who perform surveillance to identify potential medication therapy interventions on patients in the hospital setting. Methods: A survey of clinical pharmacists (N = 48) was conducted. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to analyze the influence of the UTAUT-related variables on behavioral intention and satisfaction with CDSS among clinical pharmacists. Results: While behavioral intention did not predict actual use of HIT, facilitating conditions had a direct effect on pharmacists' use of CDSS. Likewise, satisfaction with CDSS was found to have a direct effect on use, with more satisfied users being less inclined to employ workarounds or overrides of the system. Conclusion: Based on the findings, organizational structures that facilitate CDSS use and user satisfaction affect the extent to which pharmacy and health care management maximize use in the clinical pharmacy setting.


Mesophyll protoplasts from Brassica oleracea, B. napus, Nicotiana tobaccum and Solanum tuberosum were isolated and subjected to uttracentrifugation at 65000g for 30 min in percoll solutions containing various strengths of salt and osmotic stabilizing agents. After centrifugation, the self-generated percoll gradients were evaluated for their effectiveness in protoplast evacuolation and enucleation. The vacuoles, cell debris, evacuolated protoplasts and enucleated protoplasts were separated. Factors that affected evacuolation and enucleation in the percoll gradients were described. Mesophyll protoplasts produced by epidermis peeling and short enzyme incubation periods were more easily evacuolated and enucleated than those produced by leaf-slicing and long incubation periods. Lower centrifugal force at 25000g for 80 min was also successful in evacuolating and enucleating the mesophyll protoplasts. A green band that contained nearly pure evacuolated protoplasts, of which 45% were enucleated protoplasts, was obtained from the self-generated percoll gradient. Rhodamine 123 staining of mitochondria indicated that the evacuolated protoplasts were metabolically active and were capable of regenerating the vacuole and cell wall. Cell divisions were also observed when the evacuolated protoplasts were cultured.