Aging is a multifactorial process characterized by a constant and relentless decline of the structure, functions and consequently of muscle performance.
One of the most obvious effects of aging in humans is the reduction of muscle mass, known as sarcopenia, which its development changes from individual to individual and which leads to reduced functional capacity (strength and resistance). Factors that contribute to the progress of this state are the decrease in both the number and size of myofibers and the amount of motoneurons that innervate the muscle fibers. Histological examinations carried out on the muscles of the elderly have demonstrated that denervation can contribute to atrophy and in addition the immobility and a life of sedentary accelerates the process, while the physical exercise protects in part from the effects of aging. Several studies have shown that regular exercise can prolong life expectancy and slow the effects of aging. At the molecular level calcium, and consequently the sarcoplasmic reticulum, plays a vital role in metabolic processes and structural adaptation of muscle through the activation of specific signaling pathways, in response to the type of stimulus received. This thesis focuses precisely on the benefits of physical exercise and whether these can be compared to those obtained by using a training protocol induced by electrostimulation. This could be useful in rehabilitation as exercise, especially in the elderly, it is not always applicable due to pathological and psychological problems.
To determine the effects of aging and to correlate them with different lifestyles were studied the vastus lateralis muscle of three distinct groups of people (a) healthy sedentary seniors (b) healthy seniors with at least 30 years of regular exercise (c) young athletes. In these subjects muscle was characterized in relation to age and type of exercise to determine the effects of the voluntary exercise on the progress of sarcopenia during aging. From the data obtained through a series of functional tests was showed that the physically active seniors have characteristics most similar to young compared to the sedentary group of the same age. This is evidence of the fact that physically active seniors are a very powerful and performing group and it's possible to compare them to master athletes of the same age. Morphological analysis and histological studies have shown that the sedentary seniors present more denervated fibers than the other two groups, and that the physically active seniors have a significantly higher percentage of slow fibers, which, however, does not depend by the type of exercise done. Also it was detected in all three groups fibers that coexpress both myosin fast and slow and specifically the group of the sedentary seniors presents an higher percentage of coexpressing fibers than the other two groups. However, the serial sections of sedentary seniors showed the presence of coexpressing fibers of small dimensions and angled (denervated); therefore, this fact suggests that these fibers are slow fibers that coexpress fast myosin isoforms through default myogenic programs. On the contrary, the coexpressing muscle fibers in the physically active seniors are similar in size to the innervated "pure" muscle fibers, only fast or only slow. Based on the results obtained high levels of exercise appear to have beneficial effects on reinnervation of muscle fibers, resulting in conservation of muscle function, size and structure, thus delaying the functional decline and loss of independence which are common in older people.
However, some pathological conditions and also some psychological situations, typical of the elderly, limit the ability to perform physical activity. It is therefore necessary to find an alternative to physical exercise that can maintain the beneficial properties, and above all that can be safe; these features can all be found in electrostimulation (ES). To determine whether this type of therapy can be effective in the elderly was also developed a study to define the effects of ES on aged human muscle, compared with a group of seniors the performed a voluntary strength training program (Leg Press, LP), for a period of nine weeks. In both groups of seniors, after the two workouts, it was noted an improvement in functional parameters, but only those who received the ES treatment presented an increase in the maximum isometric strength of the muscles vastus lateralis. Electrostimulation, unlike the LP, has kept unchanged the overall average size of the fibers, while there was an increment of the diameter and the number of fast fibers and a decrement of both parameters in slow type fibers. Of note, no sign of fibrosis and/or infiltration of inflammatory cells was detected in the treated muscles for both types of training. In addition, analysis of ultrastructure not viewed any alteration of muscle structure before and after treatment.
After both treatments of ES and LP was recorded an activation of both the pathway of calcineurin/NFAT and calcium calmodulin dependent kinase (CaMKII), both key points for muscle remodeling. The quantitative evaluation of all the proteins that constitute the sarcoplasmic reticulum, shows a significant increment in protein levels of SERCA2 and Sarcalumenin and a decrement CASQ1 after ES, while after LP there were no significant changes. Analysis of quantitative PCR (qPCR) were made in order to clarify whether the level of Sarcalumenin SERCA2 and CASQ RNA are regulated by electrostimulation. None of the genes is up-regulated or down-regulated in a statistically significant way by the ES training, suggesting a regulation at the post transcriptional level. The vastus lateralis muscle is a mixture of different types of muscle fibers, consequently, the increase in the average quantity of SERCA2 and Sarcalumenin in total homogenates can be attributed to all the fibers or to a specific subpopulation (ie, slow twitch fibers or intermediate oxidative fibers IIA). To see if the increase in SERCA2 is against fast fibers in muscles treated by electrostimulation, it was developed a protocol immunofluorescence to assess the co-expression of myosin fast and SERCA2. After the ES the number of mixed fiber SERCA2/fast myosin is significantly increased, but was unchanged after LP. From the analysis of the intensity of fluorescence of fast myosin it was found that certain fast-twitch fibers exhibit a lower signal of fast myosin respectively in sections post ES and post LP and about 50% of such fibers were also positive SERCA2. From these observations we conclude that the mixed fibers for fast myosin/SERCA2 are a heterogeneous population and a part of these fibers probably expresses both isoforms of myosin.
In conclusion, in this thesis were developed experimental protocols that have allowed to identify some favorable changes induced by physical exercise in the seniors. Moreover, thanks to the stabilization of the nuclear translocation of NFATc1 that remains even after several days last training session, it can be assign to the role of biomarker of inactivity (NFATc1 cytoplasmic) and activation "muscle" (myonuclear translocation), whether induced from ES or LP . Also for the first time it was shown that the ES is able to neuro-modulate with beneficial effects for the quality of the muscle, the mobility and the functional performances of the seniors. Thus the ES may be a viable approach to counter the problems and the atrophy of the muscle caused by the aging process both for healthy seniors and subjects to chronic health conditions, having as ultimate goal to improve lifestyle.


In distributed wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the energy restriction of sensor nodes is always the bottleneck and limits the network lifetime. Emerging energy harvesting techniques can be potential solutions. The energy obtained from the renewable energy source, on the other hand, is not stable. In this paper, we consider the coefficients estimation problem in a WSN with renewable energy source. The limited and unstable power supply prevents sensor nodes from transmitting all collected data to the fusion center. We develop an optimal data censoring strategy for the estimation problem. Firstly, the behavior of the incoming renewable energy source is learned from historical data through Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks. Then the amount of available energy for the next period is predicted. The optimal data censoring strategy is developed and updated based on the available energy. We show that the proposed algorithm can fully enjoy the benefit of renewable energy with extended network lifetime as well as satisfactory estimation performance.


The Westralian Dhufish (Glaucosoma hebraicum) is a highly sought after recreational and commercial fishing species in Western Australia. Current management of the Westralian Dhufish involves a bag limit and the releasing of undersized fish. However, the returning of undersized fish will be of no service to the conservation of the fishery if the fish die from the effects of the depressurisation during capture. This report describes an experiment to test the hypotheses that upon capture, Westralian Dhufish sustain damage caused by decompression sickness and that the damage sustained increases with increasing depth. 30 fish were caught from two depth categories. 15 fish were caught in water less than 20 metres (shallow category) and 15 in water deeper than 20 metres (deep category). Gross pathology examination was performed immediately after capture and samples of the heart, liver, kidney and spleen were removed for histopathology examination back in the laboratory. Acute damage was assessed based on the degree of bubble formation, clotting and haemorrhaging (symptoms of decompression sickness) in the various tissues. Bubbles, clotting and haemorrhaging were found in all fish from both depth categories. Bubbles were often occluding blood vessels and several empty and broken blood vessels were noted. Exophthalmia and rupture of the swim bladder occurred in some of the deep-water fish. The mean damage scores for the deep-water fish were all higher than the scores for the shallow water fish. In conclusion, both hypotheses were supported in that all fish sustain damage from decompression sickness upon capture and the damage for deep-water fish is greater than the damage for shallow water fish. Further research is required to determine the long-term survival of Westralian Dhufish after being caught and released. DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DHUFISH AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT UNIT, WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MARITIME TRAINING CENTRE A2 Acknowledgments Firstly, I must thank my supervisor, Dr Roberta Bencini, for her patience and guidance through the course of this study. Secondly, I wish to thank my co-supervisor, Dr Brian Jones at Agriculture Western Australia who helped me set up the project and guided me through the results and analysis. His knowledge and assistance has been invaluable to the smooth running of this project. I also thank the staff at Agriculture Western Australia who made the histopathology slides. Thankyou to Franz Van der Poll for taking me fishing and for assisting me with the examination of the fish. I also thank Franz and his wife Mary for their hospitality while I was up at Ledge Point. I would also like to thank Greg Jenkins and the Fremantle Maritime Centre for setting up this project and helping me organise the fishing. Thankyou to the Recreational Fishing Advisory Committee for funding this project. I hope you are pleased with the results. Thankyou to John Beasley and the Animal Science group for assisting me with transport, cameras and film. Finally, I must thank my family and friends, especially Jessica Patterson, for supporting me and putting up with my stress. DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DHUFISH AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT UNIT, WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MARITIME TRAINING CENTRE A3


Photographed and Written by David L. Parker, MD, MPH According to the World Health Organization (WHO), isolated pockets of leprosy remain within nine countries. However, even casual conversations dur ing the course of developing this photographic essay indicate that there may be underreporting of the illness in regions of the Indian subcontinent and elsewhere.1 The fact is, leprosy remains an enigmatic but treatable infectious disease, and multidrug therapy and early detection remain the keys to its con trol and elimination.


How to cite this article: Suresh Ramasubban. COVID Collateral: "Don't Forget the Diligent Healthcare Worker". Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(8):613–614.


Concentration dependence of emission properties and lifetimes of Tm3+ doped tellurite glasses in telecommunication wavelength region were investigated. According to Judd-Ofelt analysis, it was clarified that the quantum efficiency of 1.46μm in Tm3+-doped tellurite glasses was almost equal to that in fluoride glasses, which were used as host materials for Tm3+-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA). The emission intensity ratio of the 1.80μm band to the 1.46μm band increased with increasing Tm3+ content. Moreover, the lifetimes of the 3H4 level decreased rapidly with increasing Tm3+ content. These results show that tellurite glass is useful as host materials of TDFA and in order to achieve a high quantum efficiency of 1.46μm emission in tellurite glasses, the concentration of Tm3+ should be low so that cross relaxation can be suppressed.


The problem was the learning result in economic. The purpose of this study to boost the student economic learning result class XI IPS SMA Swa Bina Karya Medan 2012/2013 Academic Year. With the application Model Type of Group Investigation.
The research was conducted at SMA Swa Bina Karya located on Jl. Pelajar No.1 Pulo Brayan Bengkel Medan. Subject in this study were students in grate XI IPS whit number of 29 student. This research is classroom action research that consisted of 2 circulation, at each circulation consist of 4 step they are planning, action, observation and reflection. Data collection techniquies by using the test. Meanwhile, data analisys techniques using data reduction and data presentation.
The result showed that the pretest prior to the holding action on siklus I are as many as 10 students (34%) with an average of 57,93 with meet the standarts of thoroughness learn. After I held the cycle of students who completed a total 18 students (62%) with an average of 69,3 and the second cycle students completes as many 25 students (86%) with an average of 74,48.
 Based on the description above concluded thet the application in Group Investigation can increase economic learning outcomes of students in class XI IPS SMA Swa Bina Karya Medan 2012/2013 Academic Year.


Cohabitation is a common social phenomena which exists in the identity relationship in China and other countries. This thesis analyses the past and current situation of cohabitation and its lagal protection in China, compares the legal protection of cohabitation in Taiwan, Japan and other countries in Europe and America, makes a brief research on the legal protection of premarital cohabitation in our country. This is also a new subject in the fields of Marriage Law in China and Personal Law in western countries.


Recorded in Ithaca, NY by Cornell University., Sponsored by: The Arab Club., Speaker(s): Ambassador Maksoud is the permanent observer of the League of Arab States to the United Nations, and chief representative of the Arab League to the United States., Lecture, April 18, 1988.


Abstract This paper relies on hitherto unexplored archival sources to understand the origin of differentiated systems for collecting salt revenue in different regions of colonial India. It finds that the government's salt policies, both reactive and proactive, established its control over salt sources and supply, which resulted in higher revenue, replaced indigenous salt with British salt in Bengal and stifled the salt industry in many regions. In the process, salt, an everyday condiment, was transformed into a source of revenue, then into a commodity and, finally, into a political tool in the hands of the government and Indians.


Summary. In this randomized prospective study, we determined the conception rate following intra‐uterine insemination with washed and prepared sperm, or with the first portion of a split ejaculate, in couples with longstanding male (n = 27, 70 treatment cycles) or cervical infertility (n = 14, 29 treatment cycles). Folliculogenesis and ovulation were induced by human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin. Significantly more couples conceived in the male infertility group following intra‐uterine insemination with washed sperm, than after intrauterine insemination with split ejaculate (9 vs. 2; P<0.05), while no difference in pregnancy rate (2 vs. 2) was found by the two intra‐uterine insemination methods in the cervical infertility group.


aggressive malignancy arising from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma was first reported in 1986 by Frierson et al, and since then less than 100 cases have been reported in the literature.1 One previous pediatric case has been described in a 12-year-old boy in India.2 Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma is histologically classified as part of a spectrum of neuroendocrine carcinomas originating from the Schneiderian epithelium or the nasal ectoderm in the paranasal sinuses.1 Here, we report only the second case of SNUC to arise in childhood involving a teenager with disease arising from the nasal cavity and extending through the paranasal air sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa and brain.


Objectives:  It has been demonstrated that a series of strategies supervised by a geriatrician can reduce the incidence of delirium in elderly hip fracture patients. The aims of this project were to determine if a geriatric registrar could introduce these strategies and alter the incidence of delirium in our orthopaedic unit.


College seniors participated in an ethnographic interview study about their academic motivations. It was found that grades and graduation are 2 primary distal target goals that motivate their academic efforts during the senior year. A variety of proximal factors were also reported to affect the seniors' motivation. These factors can be divided into students' internal and external factors. Among the internal factors are student characteristics (e.g., social class, expectations) and student beliefs (e.g., belief about control, belief about learning and mastery), whereas the external factors comprise academic-related factors (i.e., course-, examination-, and assignment-related characteristics, reward, and feedback), social factors (i.e., instructors, family members, and peers), general college environment (i.e., physical environment, academic associations, and internship/volunteer opportunities), and extracurricular activities (i.e., fraternities/sororities and sports participation). These results suggest that there is much to learn about academic motivation during the college years. In particular, there is a need for research employing methodologies other than quantitative, survey-based method that can capture the complexities of motivation during college.


The invention discloses a method for depositing gold nanoparticles on a silicon surface by a wet process and relates to silicon surface treatment. The method comprises the steps of adopting a silicon material as a substrate, and firstly repeatedly cleaning the surface of the substrate to remove organic matters, inorganic matters and an SiO2 oxidation layer on the silicon surface; then directly immersing the silicon material into absolute ethyl alcohol solution containing assembling molecules, introducing nitrogen or argon for gas protection, and carrying out self-assembling modification on the molecules of the silicon surface; and finally immersing the silicon material self subjected to self-assembling modification by the molecules into a chemical gold-plated groove to carry out wet-process reduction reaction, and uniformly depositing the gold nanoparticles on the silicon surface by the wet process. According to the method disclosed by the invention, by synergistic and compact treatment, the gold nanoparticles with small diameters, uniform distribution and high density can be directly formed on the surface of the silicon substrate with any shape; the diameters of the nanoparticles are about 5-25nm; and the nanoparticles and the silicon substrate can be well bonded.


Economic diplomacy promotes a state's national interest through economic apparatuses. China has efficiently applied this craft in Central Asia and other parts of the world through infrastructure development projects which in turn would make China better off in energy, economy and security. The Central Asian Republic of Kazakhstan is the largest land-locked country in the world which shares a long border with China. This former Soviet Republic has pivotal strategic potential due to its location and massive natural reserves. Since China's energy needs are ever-increasing because of its enormous industrial capacity so she is preferably considering Kazakhstan for energy partnership. Two out of six economic corridors of "Belt & Road Initiative" (BRI) of China are also passing through Kazakh Republic. These considerations make Kazakhstan specifically and Central Asia generally a centre of China's attention. In that perspective, the instant study investigates China's economic policy towards Kazakhstan. A qualitative method of reasoning is followed to find the results. It reveals that Kazakhstan has obtained a central role in fulfilling the energy requirements of China.


Hypothesis: Epithelial migration on the external auditory canal (EAC) wall is abnormal in ears with keratosis obturans (KO). Background: Earlier studies of epithelial migration have focused on the tympanic membrane with scattered information available for epithelial migration on canal walls. This study was undertaken to observe the epithelial migration on the EAC wall in normal ears and in ears with KO. Methods: Twenty-five subjects with normal ears and 4 with KO were recruited for the study. Colored ink dots were placed around the tympanic annulus at the 12, 3, 6, and 9 o'clock positions. Migration patterns and the rate of travel of these ink dots were examined and photographed until the ink dots reached the bony cartilaginous junction. Results: Fifteen healthy subjects and 1 with bilateral KO completed the study. The ink dots migrated laterally, with a rate of migration in normal ears between 42 and 205 &mgr;m/d. The mean rates for each quadrant, measured clockwise from the 12 o'clock position, were 104.93, 89.80, 72.67, and 109.93 &mgr;m/d, respectively. The pathologic ears exhibited a rate between 88 and 140 &mgr;m/d, and at approximately 4 to 12 weeks after ink application, areas of abnormal desquamation were apparent at the inferior quadrant, leading to a halt in the migration of the ink dot once it reached these sites. Conclusion: Epithelial migration occurred in an almost linear pattern in all quadrants, but the speed of migration was relatively slower in the anterior and inferior quadrants of a normal EAC. In the single KO patient, there were areas of normal migration and areas of abnormal keratin resurfacing at the inferior quadrant, which interfered with the migration of ink dots.


The UK public sector cannot protect itself from the "ultimately untransferable" business risk of private contractors failing to deliver a key public service, concludes a report from the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts. Better evaluation is needed over the lifetime of private finance initiative (PFI) schemes to ensure value for money, it says.

Allyson Pollock, professor of health policy at University College London, who has been attacked for criticising the initiative (8 June, p 1354), commented: "This is a vindication of …


Following the recent global financial crisis, regulators have recognized the importance of stress testing, in part due to the impact of model risk, and have implemented supervisory requirements in both the revised Basel framework and the Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) program. We contribute to the literature by developing a Bayesian-based credit risk stress-testing methodology, which can be implemented by small-to-medium-sized banks, as well as presenting empirical results using data from the recent CCAR implementations. Through the application of a Bayesian model, we can formally incorporate exogenous scenarios and also quantify the uncertainty in model output that results from stochastic model inputs. We contribute to the model validation literature by comparing the proportional model risk buffer measure of the severely adverse cumulative nine-quarter loss estimate – a common way to estimate, being a measure of statistical uncertainty generated by a model – obtained from our empirical implementation of the Bayesian to the frequentist model. We find it to be 40% higher in the former than in the latter. As for the model validation exercise, the Bayesian model outperforms the frequentist model statistically significantly, according to the cumulative percentage error metric, by 2% (1.5%) over the entire sample (downturn period).


Fast atom bombardment quadrupole mass spectrometry (F.A.B.Q.M.S.) is shown to have considerable benefit for the production of structural mass spectral data from non-volatile organic compounds.


Preferences for primary goods, such as food items, are variable and depend on current physiological state. Decisions on cultural goods, entailing no direct physiological consequence, rely on the same neural underpinnings of valuation and choice than primary goods. Here, we test whether subjective preferences for cultural goods inherit a functional link with the neural circuitry monitoring physiological variables. Using magnetoencephalography in human participants choosing between two movies, we measured heartbeat-evoked responses (HERs), which index the cortical monitoring of cardiac contractions. Trial-by-trial fluctuations in HERs, measured before option presentation, influenced the subsequent neural encoding of subjective value in ventro-medial prefrontal cortex - a region involved both in valuation and cardiac monitoring. The neural interaction between HERs and value encoding enhanced trial-by-trial choice precision and predicted inter-individual differences in choice consistency. The enhanced monitoring of physiological variables thus supports more stable representations of subjective, self-related cognitive information.


In the title ion-pair complex, (C12H14N2)[Cu(C4N2S2)2], the complex anion exhibits a highly twisted coordination environment around the tetracoordinated CuII atom. The dihedral angles between the 1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolato ligands and between the two pyridine rings in the cation are 37.49 (3) and 29.18 (10)°, respectively. Weak C—H⋯N and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into a three-dimensional network.


SNR scalability, used in two-layer video coding, guarantees good base quality pictures at the expense of increased overall bit-rate. By understanding the inherent inefficiencies of enhancement layer coding we have developed an optimisation method called optimal coefficient adjustment in order to reduce overall bit-rates to levels consistent with single-layer operation.


Presentation of Case A 23-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the feet. He was in excellent health until one year previously, when he began to travel in Europe and reduced his customary heavy intake of milk. Several months later he began to experience pain in the soles of both feet. X-ray examination yvas reported to be negative, and the local injection of adrenocorticosteroid gave no relief. During the succeeding months the pain gradually worsened, and low-back pain developed, accompanied by tightness and aching in the chest and shoulders that was aggravated by coughing, deep breathing . . .


: The goal of this work is to develop an analytical computational model to represent the behaviour of a solar still of single basin, which is assisted with extra energy from an integral collector storage system with cylindrical polycarbonate cover. The input-output method and heat transfer equations have been used to evaluate the energetic interchanges and the distillate production performed by the equipment. Simulations were run with the computational model using climatic data from experiments made in a prototype mounted in the Solar Energy Laboratory of the UNRC. The obtained results by the simulations were compared with results experimentally obtained, in order to validate the model. Both, the experimental and simulated results were analyzed in terms of the quantity of distillate obtained as a function of time. The comparisons are shown here by means of plots, where a good agreement between measured and simulated values is observed.


A classic problem in enumerative combinatorics is to count the number of derangements, that is, permutations with no fixed point. Inspired by a recent generalization to facet derangements of the hypercube by Gordon and McMahon, we generalize this problem to enumerating derangements in the wreath product of any finite cyclic group with the symmetric group. We also give q - and ( q, t )-analogs for cyclic derangements, generalizing results of Gessel, Brenti and Chow.


Background:The availability of monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor &agr; has revolutionized management of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. However, limited data exist regarding comparative effectiveness of these agents to inform clinical practice. Methods:This study consisted of patients with CD or ulcerative colitis initiation either infliximab (IFX) or adalimumab (ADA) between 1998 and 2010. A validated likelihood of nonresponse classification score using frequency of narrative mentions of relevant symptoms in the electronic health record was applied to assess comparative effectiveness at 1 year. Inflammatory bowel disease–related surgery, hospitalization, and use of steroids were determined during this period. Results:Our final cohort included 1060 new initiations of IFX (68% for CD) and 391 of ADA (79% for CD). In CD, the likelihood of nonresponse was higher in ADA than IFX (odds ratio, 1.62 and 95% CI, 1.21–2.17). Similar differences favoring efficacy of IFX were observed for the individual symptoms of diarrhea, pain, bleeding, and fatigue. However, there was no difference in inflammatory bowel disease–related surgery, hospitalizations, or prednisone use within 1 year after initiation of IFX or ADA in CD. There was no difference in narrative or codified outcomes between the 2 agents in ulcerative colitis. Conclusions:We identified a modestly higher likelihood of symptomatic nonresponse at 1 year for ADA compared with IFX in patients with CD. However, there were no differences in inflammatory bowel disease–related surgery or hospitalizations, suggesting these treatments are broadly comparable in effectiveness in routine clinical practice.


Abstract
 This research is based on an integrated approach to understanding factors influencing soccer season ticket holders' satisfaction. It attempts to extend the theoretical and empirical evidence on the causal relationships between club's image, motives to attend to a home match and to purchase to a season ticket, and satisfaction. These relationships were empirically validated using a structural equations modeling. Results indicate that both club image and motives lead to higher satisfaction among season ticket holders. Furthermore, the effect of a cognitively oriented motive (expressing financial advantages) is twice as strong as the effect of the motive linked with the image of a major club, which is both cognitively and emotionally driven. In addition, implications for sport marketers are discussed and suggestions are made for possible future research.


We describe a modified method for assay of t-aminocaproic acid. Serum or cerebrospinal fluid is deproteinized, followed by cation-exchange column-chromatography, and N-trifluoroacetyl-n-butyl derivativesof amino acids are formed and separatedby gas chromatography.Tranexamic acid,a nonproteinamino acid,was used as an internal standard.The assay issensitiveand precise,and results correlate adequately with those obtained with an automated amino acid analyzer (ion-exchange chromatography).


The topic of bachelor thesis with the title Financing of Cultural Monuments Preservation is to analyze the current state of financing of cultural monuments in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part summarizes the basic definitions of conservation, the relevant legislation, organizational structure of conservation, the rights and obligations of owners of cultural monuments and cultural heritage funding mechanism. The second part demonstrates theoretical finding on a specific monument, the Cathedral of St. Wenceslas in Olomouc. Analysis of specific financing situation in the protection and restoration of cultural monuments and its maintenance is compared with other financing options. The result is to find appropriate means for financial security of cultural monuments and their use of the owner of the Cathedral St. Wenceslas.


Internal control review towards the revenue cycle is required to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the existing management in order to support the achievement of company goals, and provide recommendations to allow corrective actions. These should be taken in order to review the role of internal control in increasing sale performance. This research used descriptive study method which could help to think systematically about various variables on a particular situation, to provide ideas for further research and to make simple decisions from the research that was done. Data collection techniques conducted were literature study and field study at Bandung Plastic company. Based on the result of internal control analysis, it was discovered that internal control set by the company will help company to handle loss of bad debt expenses, avoid fictitious sales, reduce improper sales target, reduce re-delivery cost, reduce erroneous task, and reduce environmental pollution.


The rejection rate of seeds at a seed company is approximately 5% of total sorted seeds. Rejected seeds is difficult to treat and caused the problem in the environment. This research aims to produce carbon or biochar from rejected bitter melon seeds by pyrolysis method. The functional groups on the carbon formed was observed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR). The pyrolysis was carried out at temperature variations of 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C for 60 minutes. The yield of carbon using pyrolysis at temperature of 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C were 34,65%, 26,09%, and 24,22%, respectively. The results of FTIR spectrophotometer analysis on pyrolyzed carbon contain several functional groups of O–H, C=C, and C–O. This produced char can be recycled back to agriculture land as biochar for soil improvement.


Two problems that are often studied and researches in computer science algorithms are the knapsack problem and the shortest paths on weighted graphs problem. Their combination is often addressed by dynamic programming solutions for the knapsack problem, using shortest path problem, with the creation of a knapsack graph. But these researches consider only two aspects of weight and value for an item/vertex, and here we address a different kind of problem in which we are taking into consideration three properties: item weight, item value and edge weight (that connects two items, but its weight is not depended on its vertices). Every vertex in this specific graph is a set of knapsack items. This situation is viable for real-life circumstances, in which a path has a non-dependent attribute (physical distance, travel time, etc.), and there are different kinds of items to be picked in different locations on this path. The problem presented here is finding the most efficient path between two vertices (source and target), in three aspects- minimal edge wise, maximum knapsack value wise, and a combination of maximal efficiency for both properties. An algorithm for finding these optimal paths is presented here along with specific explanations on its decision stages, and several examples for it.


Self-regulated learning (SRL) has become a pivotal construct in contemporary accounts of effective academic learning. I examine several areas of theory and empirical research, which are not prominently cited in educational psychology's research into SRL, that reveal new details of what SRL is and how students develop productive SRL. I interpret findings from these investigations to suggest that nondeliberative, knowledge-based elements are inherent in the processes of SRL, and in learning more generally. Several topics for future research are sketched based on an assumption that learning effectively by oneself will remain a goal of education and can be an especially revealing context in which to research SRL.


Weaving scale is a kind of evaluating instrument,which is objective,actual and scientific.How do we apply method and principle of psychological measurement into the process of weaving life events scale of negative emotion?At present,available scales need to be considered important factor of diseases of negative emotions causing,besides considered many theoretical and technical problem.


"Intimate Enemies" is a brilliant study of the transformation of Bolshevik Party ideology, language, and power relations during the crucial period leading up to Stalin's seizure of power. Combining extensive research in recently opened Soviet archives with an insight rereading of intra-Party struggles, Igal Halfin uncovers this evolution in the language of Bolshevism. This language defined the methods for judging true party loyalty - in what Halfin describes as an examination of the 'hermeneutics of the soul,' and became the basis for prosecuting the Party's enemies, particularly the "intimate enemies" within the Party itself. Halfin argues that Bolshevism - which claimed sole access to truth and morality - ultimately demonized its enemies and became in effect a theology that facilitated a monumental power shift.


Hydrological parameters like overland flow, soil loss and nutrient losses can be studied by using different watershed models. However, all these models vary significantly in their analysis of parameters, input and output flexibility, scale accountability, processing ability, computational efficiency and capability of modeling the changes in catchments. This paper reviews different watershed models used for analyzing overland flow, soil loss and sediment yield with their shortcomings and strengths. These watershed models are described briefly along with their capabilities and shortcomings with their examples of applications, results and comparisons. An outcome of these discussions is presented in tabular format as a screening tool to allow the researchers and decision makers to choose the appropriate watershed model for the specific purpose.


Starting from a multipole expansion of intramolecular Coulomb interactions, we present configuration interaction calculations of the molecular energy terms of the hole configurations (hu+)m, m=2–5, of C60m+ cations, of the electron configurations t1un, n=2–4, of the C60n− anions, and of the exciton configurations (hu+t1u−), (hu+t1g−) of the neutral C60 molecule. The ground state of C602− is either 3T1g or 1Ag, depending on the energy separation between t1g and t1u levels. There are three close (∼0.03 eV) low lying spin triplets 3T1g, 3Gg, 3T2g for C602+, and three spin quartets 4T1u, 4Gu, 4T2u for C603+, which can be subjected to the Jahn–Teller effect. The number of low lying nearly degenerate states is largest for m=3 holes. We have calculated the magnetic moments of the hole and electron configurations and found that they are independent of molecular orientation with respect to an external magnetic field. The coupling of spin and orbital momenta differs from the atomic case. We analyze the electronic d...


In this paper the author discusses two dominant paradigms that currently frame theory building and research practice, both in the discipline of development‐communication and in the discipline of development‐education: the modernist paradigm and the dependency paradigm. The discussion about the limits of both orientations clears the way for the multiplicity paradigm which attempts to transcend the shortcomings of the major paradigms. Furthermore, it is argued that the emergence of the multiplicity paradigm is influenced by the interpretative or communicative turn in social science. The interpretative approach pays special attention to the role of human beings as 'actors' in the social construction of reality. In addition to these arguments, the author refers to action research as a valuable methodology for development‐communication and development‐education. Finally, these considerations are completed with a critical evaluation of a research‐project which the author finished some years ago.


As the online dissemination of scholarly outputs gets faster and easier, altmetrics, social media based indices, have emerged alongside traditional metrics for research evaluation. In a two‐phase survey, we investigate scholars' familiarity and usage of traditional metrics and altmetrics. In this paper, we present the second phase with 448 participants. We found few traditional metrics, like the Journal Impact Factor and number of citations, are familiar to and often used by scholars for research evaluation. Among altmetrics, only views/downloads, readers, and followers are known to more than half the respondents. Unseen benefits and lack of time are hindrances to using metrics for the evaluation of research outputs. Although social media are well‐known, scholars prefer promoting their research by publishing in journals and attending conferences. We found social media usage, perceived ease of use and usefulness of altmetrics affect the usage of altmetrics. Findings suggest altmetrics have attracted attention in academia and could be considered complementary to traditional metrics. We acknowledge that due to the limited sample size, statistics and demographics in this study, findings cannot be said to be representative of the entire academic population worldwide. Future studies are needed that cover a wider range of academic disciplines around the world.


In this paper we show that the fundamental group Y of the von Neumann algebra Y(Fo) of a free (noncommutative) group with infinitely many generators is R+ \ {O}. This extends the result of Voiculescu who previously proved [26, 27] that Q+ \ {0} is contained in 9(Y(F )) . This solves a classical problem in the harmonic analysis of the free group F . In particular, it follows that there exists subfactors of _(F7o) with index s for every s E [4, oo) . We will use the noncommutative (quantum) probabilistic approach introduced in Voiculescu's paper. Von Neumann algebras were introduced by Murray and von Neumann in the early thirties to provide a framework for quantum physics. As formulated by Heisenberg, quantization amounts to replacing the algebra of "observable" functions on the phase space of a classical system by a noncommuting algebra of infinite matrices, or more precisely, operators on a Hilbert space. By definition, a von Neumann algebra is a weakly closed, selfadjoint algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space that contains the identity operator. Where as any commutative von Neumann algebra is *-isomorphic to the algebra of bounded functions on a measure space, the structure of the noncommutative algebras is much more subtle. The simplest noncommutative von Neumann algebras are the n x n matrix algebras and the "hyperfinite algebras," i.e., the inductive limits of matrix algebras. Von Neumann algebras have provided a very powerful tool for studying noncommutative ergodic theory. More recently, Vaughan Jones has shown [13, 14] that the study of inclusions of von Neumann algebras naturally leads to new polynomial invariants for knot theory and to solutions of the Yang Baxter equation. Murray and von Neumann began by distinguishing three "type" classes for von Neumann algebras. Restricting to factors (von Neumann algebras with trivial center) on a separable Hilbert space, the type In factors have a dimension function on the projections (i.e., selfadjoint idempotents) which assumes the values {0, 1, ... , n} (n < oc). Type II, (resp., II. ) algebras also have a dimension function, which assumes the values in [0,1] (resp., [0, oo] ). Such


In this paper a reliable multicasting architecture presented. This architecture operates using a Multicasting Firewall over the Multicast Control Protocol (MCP). Our aim was to evaluate the transition times of specific packets such as the IGMPv2 reports in the proposed multicasting network. In our study, multicasting experiments presented and analyzed. The obtained results of our experiments clearly show that the average validation times of IGMP reports on the Multicast Control Server smoothly increase versus the number of clients.


There is provided a carrier for use in enteral administration of biologically active compounds, said carrier comprises an effective amount of one or more of one or more phosphate derivatives of electron transfer agents.


Background: Preschool age children are a period of growth for a child. Caries problem is a case experienced by preschoolers. This condition is very concerning considering that preschool children still need the role of parents in caring for their health, especially dental health. In this case, parental knowledge is needed in guiding and giving more attention so that children do not experience caries. Research objective: to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of oral health and caries experience in preschool children at PAUD Al-Jihad, Subang Regency. Methods: research with a cross-sectional design, a population of 40 people, consisting of 20 Al-Jihad PAUD students and 20 students' parents, sampling using non-random sampling method. Data was collected by examining dental caries in children and distributing a list of questions (questionnaire) to the child's parents. Data were analyzed using the chi-square statistical test. The results showed that most of the parents' knowledge about dental and oral health of preschool children in PAUD Al-Jihad was mostly moderate (40%), caries experience in preschool children was mostly with high criteria (55%), there was a relationship between parental knowledge and experience. caries in preschool children (p=0.01<α: 0.05). In this study it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the level of dental and oral health knowledge and caries experience in preschool children at PAUD Al-Jihad, Subang Regency. It is recommended to carry out dental and oral health counseling to parents so that it is hoped that it can increase public knowledge and awareness in maintaining dental and oral health.


Learning technologies should be designed in a way that facilitates student knowledge construction. While much of the learning technology literature often focuses on retention of content, less is known about the theories and models that influence how learners perceive and react to the interface. In this chapter, we describe the theoretical tenets of flow theory and its application for learning experience design, especially for gamified learning environments. We then present a design case that details how flow theory was applied towards the redesign of an online professional development course. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed.


Although hemihepatic portal vein embolization (PVE) has been used preoperatively to extend indications for hepatectomy in patients with colorectal metastases, the effects of this procedure on tumor growth and outcome remain controversial. To address this issue, we assessed the proliferative activity of intrahepatic metastases after PVE and the long‐term outcome of this procedure. Eighteen patients with colorectal metastases underwent preoperative PVE between 1996 and 2000 (PVE group). Twenty‐nine patients who underwent major hepatic resection without PVE served as control (non‐PVE group). The hepatic parenchymal fraction of the left lobe had significantly increased from 38.1 ± 3.2% to 45.9 ± 2.9% 3 weeks after PVE (+20.5%, P < .0001). Tumor volume and percent tumor volume had also significantly increased from 223 ± 89 mL to 270 ± 97 mL (+20.8%, P = .016) and from 13.7 + 4.3% to 16.2 + 4.9% (+18.5%, P = .014), respectively. There was no apparent correlation between the increase in parenchymal volume and that in tumor volume. The Ki‐67 labeling index of metastatic lesions was 46.6 ± 7.2% in the PVE group and 35.4 ± 12.6% in the non‐PVE group (P = .013). Long‐term survival was similar in the PVE and non‐PVE groups, however, disease‐free survival was significantly poorer in the PVE group than in the non‐PVE group (P = .004). We conclude that PVE increases tumor growth and probably is associated with enhanced recurrence of disease. Although PVE is effective in extending indications for surgery, patient selection for PVE should be cautious.


Methyl 2-methyl-4-aryl-5-oxo-1H,4H-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylates 4a-d and methyl 2-methyl-4-aryl-5-oxo-1H-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopcnteno[b]pyridine-3-carboxylates 6a-e have been synthesized by the condensation of cyclic 1,3-diones with aromatic aldehydes and β-aminocrotonate using thermal and ultrasound irradiation methods.


Lung involvement is a prevalent extraarticular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that remains a significant clinical challenge. Few studies have comprehensively quantified lung abnormalities of RA patients using artificial intelligence-based (AI) technology.The aim of this study was to quantify lung lesions in RA patients and classify them based on their lung parameters.An AI-based quantitative computed tomography (CT) image analysis software (AIQCT) was applied to high-resolution CT scans of RA patients in a cross-sectional manner. AIQCT automatically classified and quantified 10 types of parenchymal image patterns, expressing the volumes as percentages of total lung volume [1]. Hierarchical Ward's linkage clustering based on these patterns identified five clusters. Visual assessments (ILD, and airway lesions) of HRCT and clinical phenotypes were assessed.A total of 408 RA patients were included in the study. The lung profiles of the five clusters were as follows: Cluster I (68.6%), characterized by nearly normal lungs; Cluster II (23.5%), characterized by slight lung lesions with honeycombs or ground-glass opacities (GGOs); Cluster III (5.6%), characterized by the predominance of GGOs; Cluster IV (1.0%), characterized by a predominant hyperlucent area; and Cluster V (1.2%), characterized by extensive lung abnormalities (Figure 1, Table 1). The number of patients in each cluster with ILD and airway lesions, based on visual assessments, were as follows: [ILD] Cluster I, 11/280 (3.9%), Cluster II, 19/96 (19.8%), Cluster III, 5/23 (21.7%), Cluster IV, 0/4 (0%), and Cluster V, 5/5 (100%) (p < 0.001): [airway lesions] Cluster I, 31/280 (11.1%), Cluster II, 29/96 (30.2%), Cluster III, 6/23 (26.1%), Cluster IV, 0/4 (0%), and Cluster V, 1/5 (20%) (p < 0.001). Clinical characteristics of each cluster were described in Table 1. The disease activity of RA in each cluster were as follows: [DAS28ESR, mean (SD)] Cluster I, 2.4 (1.0), Cluster II, 3.0 (1.2), Cluster III, 2.8 (1.0), Cluster IV, 2.2 (0.7), and Cluster V, 3.0 (0.8) (p < 0.001); [HAQ, mean (SD)] Cluster I, 0.4 (0.6), Cluster II, 0.9 (0.9), Cluster III, 1.1 (0.9), Cluster IV, 0.3 (0.3), and Cluster V, 0.8 (0.9) (p < 0.001).This study is the first to classify lung lesions in comprehensive RA patients using quantitative data derived from novel AI technology. The AIQCT-derived clustering of RA patients appears to be associated with their clinical backgrounds and characteristics.[1] Ann Am Thorac Soc 2022;19:399-406Table 1.Scores of ten lung parenchymal image patterns and clinical characteristics in each cluster.ClusterI (n=280)II (n=96)III (n=23)IV (n=4)V (n=5)p valueAIQCT lung score (%), mean (SD)Normal92.6 (1.5)90.7 (2.5)87.4 (1.8)76.3 (5.1)80.2 (1.6)<0.001GGOs0.7 (0.3)1.0 (0.4)2.9 (1.4)0.6 (0.3)2.4 (0.5)<0.001Reticulation0.1 (0.1)0.4 (0.4)0.5 (0.5)0.2 (0.2)3.8 (3.3)<0.001Consolidation0.1 (0.05)0.3 (0.3)0.3 (0.2)0.4 (0.6)1.6 (1.1)<0.001Honeycombs0 (0.02)0.08 (0.2)0.01 (0.02)0.07 (0.05)1.7 (1.8)<0.001Small nodules0.1 (0.06)0.3 (0.2)0.5 (0.6)0.1 (0.04)0.5 (0.4)<0.001Interlobular septum0.1 (0.06)0.3 (0.2)0.4 (0.3)0.1 (0.07)0.5 (0.3)<0.001Hyperluency0.1 (0.3)0.7 (1.6)0.1 (0.1)17.1 (3.9)0.4 (0.4)<0.001Bronchi1.8 (0.4)2.3 (0.6)2.5 (0.7)1.9 (0.3)4.2 (1.4)<0.001Blood vessels4.4 (1.0)4 (1.1)5.5 (1.1)3.3 (0.6)4.7 (0.5)<0.001Age, mean (SD)62.9 (12.0)72.2 (8.0)70.4 (9.9)68.5 (4.8)60.0 (8.0)<0.001Sex; female, n (%)240 (86)81 (84)19 (83)1 (25)5 (100)0.015Smoking history, n (%)94 (34)25 (26)8 (35)4 (100)0 (0)0.019RF titer, mean (SD)94 (165)151 (216)184 (328)120 (130)288 (425)0.012ACPA titer, mean (SD)132 (189)181 (306)132 (161)92 (41)677 (1018)<0.001MTX, n (%)201 (72)64 (67)13 (57)3 (75)1 (20)0.065PSL, n (%)45 (16)32 (33)8 (35)1 (25)4 (80)<0.001bDMARDs, n (%)136 (49)45 (47)9 (39)2 (50)5 (100)0.183Figure 1.Clustering constellation tree diagram for ten lung parenchymal HRCT image patterns of rheumatoid arthritis.NIL.Yoichi Nakayama: None declared, Ran Nakashima: None declared, Tomohiro Handa: None declared, Kiminobu Tanizawa: None declared, Hideo Onizawa: None declared, Takayuki Fujii: None declared, Koichi Murata Speakers bureau: AbbVie GK, Eisai Co., Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Pfizer Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., and Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp., Grant/research support from: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd, Kosaku Murakami: None declared, Akira Onishi: None declared, Masao Tanaka: None declared, Mirei Shirakashi: None declared, Ryosuke Hiwa: None declared, Hideaki Tsuji: None declared, Koji Kitagori: None declared, Syuji Akizuki: None declared, Hajime Yoshifuji: None declared, Akio Morinobu: None declared.


Feature matching is often used for image alignment. It, however, isconsidered as motion estimation problem in case of video. In that case we need only a motion vector in an image. Then we can compute the distance between two images although the images are far away each other. So we propose affine transformation from camera motion for spatial positioning of frames and aligning those frames. The data from this method can be useful for calculating the distance, stabilizing video, photographing panorama and so on.


The study was conducted to evaluate effects of weed managements after false seedbed on the weed control and growth of spring and fall cabbages (Brassica oleracea L.) in an organic upland in 2013. Weed managements included rake, flame, PE mulch, and none treatment. The weed occurrence was not effectively controlled by rake treatment but controlled by flame treatment in spring and fall cultivation. PE mulch plots had 30% of tip-burn in spring cultivation. Weed managements after false seedbed were similar fresh weight, leaf number, and cabbage yield to the conventional PE mulch. Head of cabbage was the lowest on the none treatment. Fall cultivation reduced the weed density and increased yield of cabbage compared to those of spring in all treatment plots. In conclusion, rake or flame treatment after false seedbed markedly decreased weed occurrence, which was expected to use for management of environmentally-friendly vegetation as a substitute of PE mulch.


Simple Summary This study describes the histopathological finding of mucosal papillary proliferation observed in the esophagus of chicken and attempts to determine its infectious etiology using metagenomics. Unlike squamous metaplasia of the esophageal mucosa due to vitamin A deficiency, the stratified squamous epithelial cells of the esophagus were completely replaced by increased numbers of ducts/ductules, lymphocytes, and connective tissue, and multiple hyperplasia of the esophageal gland was observed. As the result of the metagenomic analysis of esophagus samples from this chicken, no viral cause was identified; however, the contributing role of Bradyrhizobium sp. could not be excluded. In this study, we report the first histopathological examination of a rare case of an esophageal papillary lesion appearing as adenoma in a chicken and highlight the importance of histopathological results for a definitive diagnosis of such cases. Abstract White or pale-yellow nodules 2–7 mm in length were observed in the esophageal lumen in a number of laying broiler breeders with reduced laying rates. Metaplasia of the mucosal epithelial layer and mucous gland, as well as lymphocyte infiltration under the esophageal mucous gland and epithelial cell layer, were observed, which we found were caused by vitamin A deficiency. In one chicken, however, the stratified squamous epithelial cells of the esophagus were completely replaced by increased numbers of ducts/ductules, lymphocytes, and connective tissue, resulting in a papillary morphology. The ducts were surrounded by a fibrous stroma. Multiple hyperplasia of the esophageal gland was also observed and the esophageal glands were lined by a single layer of columnar cells, and a large number of lymphocytes were infiltrated into the submucosal layer. Based on the gross findings, this papillary proliferation was considered papilloma, but histopathologically, a mass composed of squamous epithelium was not observed. Therefore, the papillary lesion appeared as adenoma with squamous metaplasia of the esophageal gland and ectasia, or mucosal epithelial papillary hyperplasia, associated with chronic esophagitis. A metagenomic analysis of the esophagus samples from this chicken was performed to determine the infectious etiology. No viral cause was identified; however, a contributing role of Bradyrhizobium sp. could not be excluded. In this study, we report the first histopathological examination of a rare case of esophageal papillary proliferation in a chicken and highlight the importance of histopathological results for a definitive diagnosis of such cases.


This study aims to optimize the evaluation of Arabic learning by utilizing technological developments as a means of evaluation. On this occasion, the researcher chose the MiSK application as a model, which is a game-based learning application on Android, equipped with Arabic vocabulary, images, and audio, which was designed by one of the lecturers from Istanbul 29 Mayis University. Researchers use the data that has been obtained to conduct library research, link some problems with existing theories, and find relevant solutions for each problem obtained. Some of the problems related to this research are: 1) Advances in information technology require teachers to always provide interesting, intuitive, and interactive learning facilities. 2) The lack of Arabic language applications that can test the four basic language learning skills in one application. Of the existing problems, there are several solutions, one of which is by using the MiSK application. Teachers can easily provide an evaluation of Arabic learning which already contains four basic skills in one application


Diesel dependent remote communities have been the focus of many Canadian initiatives in recent years. Often, these areas house first nation communities and can be deprived of resources such as electricity and natural gas due to restricted accessibility. This could result in shortage of diesel because of the delivery difficulties. Driven by United Nations goals, countries across the globe have focused in developing these areas to improve the outlook of their residents. This includes the implementation of alternative sources of electricity. This paper presents the experience of a Canadian electric utility in investigating diesel reduction options in one of its largest remote communities. Currently, this system is diesel dependent and, due to the load growth, is facing risks of not having enough diesel supply to produce energy for an entire year. These alternatives focus on reducing electric technical losses, reducing electricity consumption, and offsetting some of the consumption through adopting solar (PV) generation.


AbstractVaginal cultures from 118 consecutive term pregnant women revealed that 14% of these symptom-free women had group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) in their genital tract Of the 17 children born to those women carrying group B streptococci, none developed severe infection. 15 were thoroughly examined, 5 of whom had bacterial colonization and 1 developed omphalitis. However, the risk cannot be neglected, as more than 100 cases of severe neonatal infection have been published. The mothers were examined at varying intervals after delivery and many showed persistence of these bacteria in their genital tracts.


This paper presents a technique for face recognition based on Binary Locality Preserving Projections. Locality preserving projections is a method that preserves the local structure of an image, and it use nearest neighbor search. But nearest neighbor search decreases its capability in terms of time. In the proposed approach the Laplacian is used but prior knowledge of each face to its class is used, which removes the Nearest Neighbor search, removal of this step enhances its capability in terms of time. So it is a combination of Laplacian and LDA in which LPP tries to preserve the local structure and LDA tries to match the face using Euclidean Distance. Locality Preserving Projections (LPP) is non-orthogonal, and this makes it difficult to reconstruct the data. In BLPP orthogonal basis functions are used which helps in better reconstruction of data.


'The Church, as it now stands, no human power can save." A reflection not from Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger on the Anglican Communion after the 1998 Lambeth Conference, but instead from Dr Thomas Arnold, Headmaster of Rugby School, on the Church of England in June 1832. Prophecies of doom about the Anglican Communion and its constituent parts have been manifold over almost two centuries. Many commentators forecast imminent fragmentation of the Communion before the 1988 Lambeth Conference; in the event disunity over the ordination of women to the priesthood was contained, largely through the inspired leadership of Dr Runcie, the then Archbishop of Canterbury. Similar warnings of disintegration preceded the 1998 conference; most critics singled out issues of authority as the likely cause of shipwreck. At each Lambeth Conference, including the first, under Archbishop Longley in 1867, great trust is invested in the president of the communion. Reliance upon archbishops in matters of discipline, jurisdiction and order is, however, not simply a phenomenon of modernity. Anselm's exile, Becket's death, Cranmer's nifty footwork and William Sancroft's deprivation are just a few examples from earlier times of the need for sophisticated leadership. The same has been true not only of Anglicanism nor only of complete churches and provinces; religious communities have experienced similar difficulties. The great Cistercian abbot, Aelred, for example, was faced with a challenge in the twelfth century. St Gilbert, the founder of the Gilbertine Order of double monasteries, called in Aelred to sort out a particularly curious case. A girl of four had been sent to the Gilbertine monastery at Walton in Yorkshire, in the north of England. On reaching puberty she proved herself to be utterly unsuitable for the religious life. Forming an attachment to one of the young canons she became pregnant. With draconian discipline the nuns flogged her and put her in fetters. The canons were equally fierce with their brother: one disguised himself with a veil, lured the offending young brother into a compromising position and then he was heartily


Although the volume of FDI has been greatly enhanced,there still exist some problems and irrational status quo in China's industrial structure.Whether has FDI produced significant vertical and horizontal correlation effects to relevant domestic enterprises? Which effect is more obvious? In this paper,the forward and backward technology spillover effects are tested and analyzed by the panel data including 35 industrial sectors during the years of 2005~2008.The empirical results show that the horizontal spillover effects from FDI are negative while the spillover effects from intra-industry are not significant.This conclusion will shed light on the guidance and the utilization of foreign capital,and the policy formulation of related industries.


This paper focuses on doctoral research which explored relationships and interpersonal learning through group dramatherapy and creative interviewing with adolescents in special education. A constructivist grounded theory study, positioning adolescents with intellectual/developmental disabilities as experts of their own relational experiences, revealed a tendency to "copy others." The final grounded theory presented "copying" as a tool which participants consciously employed "to play with," "learn from," and "join in with" others. Commonly experiencing social ostracism, participants reflected awareness of their tendency to "copy others" being underpinned by a need to belong. Belonging was therefore expressed as the ultimate therapeutic experience participants wished to have. Participant responses which link dramatic imitation to a self-identified tendency "to copy," are discussed with regard to how imitation provides an accessible point of dramatic entry from which adolescents in special education begin to explore new ways of being and inter-relating. Recommendations for how dramatherapists might centralize imitative aspects of the dramatic process to achieve therapeutic intent when working alongside adolescents in special education are discussed with specific focus on creating a space of belonging. Note on type: Participant quotes extracted from the data are included throughout this article. In order to highlight participant's contributions quotes are italicized and presented within speech marks.


A belt drive, which can be uncoupled by slackening the belt, serves for the travelling drive of a lawnmower by means of the drive motor driving the mowing unit. To slacken the belt, the driven belt pulley is moved towards the driving belt pulley, with the result that the belt is loosened on both sides. The driven belt pulley itself is connected to the driving-wheel shaft of the lawnmower by means of a rigid drive transmission, such as a chain drive. This type of drive uncoupling results in a sufficient length adjustment for uncoupling the belt and, at the same time, a reduction of wear on the belt.


Different salt and acid solutions were applied in pairs with a short intervening water rinse to the tongue of the cat while the summated chorda tympani nerve response was recorded. It was observed that the first exposure usually depressed the response to the following one. The magnitude of the depression varied and depended on the solutions used. In general K2SO4 and Li2SO4 caused the strongest depression, while MgCl2 and NaCl were most depressed. However, no substance was entirely inert in affecting the response to the second stimulus or was always unaffected by being the second. The results were discussed and subjected to comparison with earlier results. They were interpreted as being influenced by at least three different mechanisms.


The present article addresses a set of highly specific language principles with which Slovenian users must engage if they wish to communicate in gender-inclusive language and according to U.N. and EU guidelines. The principles are derived from seven documents that were created for the Slovenian language in the period 1995–2018. On the basis of these documents, we determine which principles recur and should therefore be recognized as "markers" of gender-inclusive language.


To those of us who study fire ecology, California is the Mt. Olympus of wildland fire. One almost expects to find the forge of Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire, located under Mt. Lassen. This volume clarifies not only why California is held in such high esteem, but also why the fire community in the state is at the forefront of many vexing problems that revolve around fire policies. The three-part book is organized around two cogent tasks. Parts I and II relate the fundamentals of fire ecology and the fire ecology of the nine California bioregions. Part III examines strategies to regulate fire, prevent stand-replacing wildfires, and protect human life and property, especially in the wildland-urban interface (WUI). And therein lies the conundrum inherent to the fire universe. On the one hand is science's goal to restore vegetation to some still unknown condition that allows fire to operate naturally within the ecosystem. On the other hand is society's goal to control and prevent wildfires. As I write this review in late June, the Angora wildfire, burning in the WUI at the south end of Lake Tahoe, has destroyed over 250 houses valued at $140 million.


HLA allelic variation has been well studied and documented in many parts of the world. However, African populations have been relatively under‐represented in studies of HLA variation. We have characterized HLA variation from 489 individuals belonging to 13 ethnically diverse populations from rural communities from the African countries of Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, and Tanzania, known to practice traditional subsistence lifestyles using next generation sequencing (Illumina) and long‐reads from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. We identified 342 distinct alleles among the 11 HLA targeted genes: HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, ‐DRB3, ‐DRB4, ‐DRB5, ‐DQA1, ‐DQB1, ‐DPA1, and ‐DPB1, with 140 of those alleles containing novel sequences that were submitted to the IPD‐IMGT/HLA database. Sixteen of the 140 alleles contained novel content within the exonic regions of the genes, while 110 alleles contained novel intronic variants. Four alleles were found to be recombinants of already described HLA alleles and 10 alleles extended the sequence content of already described alleles. All 140 alleles include complete allelic sequence from the 5′ UTR to the 3′ UTR that are inclusive of all exons and introns. This report characterizes the HLA allelic variation from these individuals and describes the novel allelic variation present within these specific African populations.


A novel algorithm for image segmentation is presented.We take into account the image segmentation as a process of obtaining information and get an energy function via maximum entropy principle.We can get the segmentation result through minimizing the energy function.The energy function is minimized by using gradient-descent methods,which leads to a curve evolution equation that segments the image.We use level set method to represent the curve evolution equation and solve the equation utilizing fast level set method.The experimental results indicate the method is fine.


Abstract Rural poultry production is an appropriate system for supplying the fast-growing human population with quality food and provides additional income to resource-poor farmers, especially women to improve their livelihoods. The main objective of this study was to identify factors that affect the access of women to poultry extension services in Northwestern, Tigray, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling techniques based on probability proportional to size were used to select districts, tabia (peasant association) and women poultry producers in the Northwestern Tigray. Variables on socio-economic characteristics of women poultry producers, access to information, access to training, access to credit service and times of visit by extension agents were generated from primary data collected from the study area. Data were subjected to logit econometric regression analysis. The result of the logistic regression model estimate revealed that out of the 10 factors, 6 variables were found to have a significant influence on the probability of women's access to poultry extension service. These variables included household size, age of women, farmland size, information about poultry extension service, number of visits by extension agent and access to poultry production training. The coefficients of access to information about poultry extension service and the number of visits by extension agent were statistically significant at 1% probability level of significance, whereas household size, age of women poultry producers, farmland size and access to poultry production training were statistically significant at 5% probability level of significance.


Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) is used in semiconductor industry to enable planarization of the interlayer dielectrics and metals. In this study, CMP is used as a polishing technique to modify the surface roughness of the bio-implant materials in a controlled manner. As an alternative technique to sand-blasting/etching or laser structuring on the implant surfaces, CMP results in formation of a protective oxide layer on the titanium surfaces that can limit surface contamination while enabling surface nano-structuring that is known to promote bioactivity.


There have been significant efforts to boost the inductance value by adopting the sandwich structures using permalloy magnetic shielding layers. However, this structure will introduce high ac conductor losses and high eddy currents. In order to solve these problems, patterned permalloy can solve this problem effectively. According to the simulation results based on the application of finite element method in the frequency domain, the optimum permalloy pattern is which the blank of the permalloy are perpendicular to the coil inside. The double-layer planar inductor has a size of l5×1.5×0.1mm consisted of 13-turn spiral Cu coil for each layer and a 20μm-thick patterned permalloy magnetic shielding layer. The inductor shows a higher inductance than the traditional planar inductor. The patterned permalloy made the inductor more stable in high frequency than the none-patterned. And the inductor has an inductance of 1.3μH and quality factor of 2.8 at 1.5MHz, with an inductance per unit of 578nH/mm2, which is much higher than that in the reported literatures.


We present an alternative interface that allows users to perceive new sensa- tions in virtual environments. Gaze-based interaction in virtual environments creates the feeling of controlling objects with the mind, arguably translating into a more in- tense immersion sensation. Additionally, it is also free of some of the most cumbersome aspects of interacting in virtual worlds. By incorporating a real-time physics engine, the sensation of moving something real is further accentuated. We also describe various simple yet effective techniques that allow eyetracking devices to enhance the three-dimensional visualization capabilities of current displays. Some of these techniques have the additional advantage of freeing the mouse from most navigation tasks. This work focuses on the study of existing techniques, a detailed description of the im- plemented interface and the evaluation (both objective and subjective) of the interface. Given that appropriate filtering of the data from the eye tracker used is a key aspect for the correct functioning of the interface, we will also discuss that aspect in depth.


There is considerable interest in the effects of corona and, in particular, as to whether it can be measured accurately and its effects likewise correlated. It is obvious that it would not be useful to determine a level resulting in damage to a sample and not be able to measure a corresponding level within apparatus.


Introduction One of the problems encountered in ecological studies of bats is that of collecting reliable data on nocturnal activity. Neither netting nor ie exclusive use of harp traps have provided meaningful statistics on the times of activity at roost sites. Additionally, these procedures have the added disadvantage of influence by the observer. Meaningful data may be gathered and observer influence eliminated by using a photoelectric cell system that can operate throughout the night without human attention (Nyholm, 1965) . Numerous studies using photoelectric cells on mammals have been reported (Pearson, 1959; Dodge and Snyder, 1960; Loveless et v1., 1963; Harder, 1969), but studies on the nocturnal activity of bats have been based to date (with the exception of work accomplished by Nyholm, 1965 and Fenton, 1970), on data gathered from mist-net and trap sampling at watering, feeding, and roosting places (Tamsitt and Valdiviseo, 1961; Cockrum and Cross, 1964; Jones, 1965; Constantine, 1967; Hooper and Brown, 1968; Brown, 1968; Wimsatt, 1969; Fenton, 1969; LaVal, 1970; and Kunz, 1971) . A photoelectric cell system was used to record the emergence and return of the evening bat (Nycticeizls hsmeralis) at maternity roosts from April through October 1970. Data on the nocturnal activity of this species that were collected in the course of a population study in noriern Missouri and adjacent Iowa (Watkins, 1970) also are presented. The study was conducted in extensively farmed areas broken by small woodland communities of oak, hickory, and cottonwood (Steyermark, 1963).


 The analysis of the cause of less able students in high school and the adoption of appropriate ways to dealute Xinzhou 034000, Ch with them are essential to ensure and improve the quality of the compulsory education. They are also inportant for carrying out quality-orientated educationtaking all the students into account fostering healthy personality and improving


Intelligent environments are buildings and other settings that can recognize the changing needs of their users and/or the changing nature of their context, and respond to them by adjusting some key environmental parameters (temperature, light, sound, furnishings, etc.). Unlike the currently common approach, which is based on systems theory (i.e., adjusting the parameters of the environment to match some pre-defined use profile), the approach proposed in this paper is based on dynamic, collaborative design: it views the (built) environment as comprised of multiple independent object-agents, each of which is responsible for one small aspect of the environment. Each can sense the immediate changes pertaining to its domain of responsibility, and propose corrective measures, which are negotiated with other agents to form a collective response. The paper hypothesizes that such an approach can be made more context-sensitive and dynamic, is easily scaleable, and can respond to the needs of multiple different users of the environment at the same time. The paper presents the rationale for developing the multi-agent approach, its hypothetical implementation, and its application to hypothetical case studies.


Wall Street Journal, Vara reportedly read oral histories and biographies of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs for research while writing The Immortal King Rao over a period of twelve long years — and it shows in her central question of how to write about a life to tell a wider tale about humanity. Her narrator, Rao's daughter Athena, wonders what it means 'to be a person among people — to be a social animal, with an obligation to kin and species' (). She plumbs her own and her father's memories, which have been uploaded into her genetic code via his technological advances, and which also grant her total, overwhelming access to the Internet. Athena's narrative tones echo the cool, detached register of Wikipedia entries as we learn about Arthur Cotton and the East India Company's revolutionary irrigation engineering, which turned Rao's homeland into 'one of the most fertile places on the subcontinent — on earth'. But her inflection changes effortlessly from the prosaic to the lyrical:


In the last few years most states have reduced the age of majority from 21 to 18. In 1974, the right of an unmarried 18-year-old girl to consent for all areas of her own medical care, including birth control, has been recognized by 45 states and the District of Columbia. In 48 states and the District, 18-year-old unmarried girls may consent for most pregnancy-related health services and for abortion. No state forbids venereal disease treatment to unmarried 18-year-olds on their own consent. Teen-agers under 18 are still subject to the restriction of parental consent in many health-related areas, but the trend seems to be toward liberalization even in this area under the "mature minor doctrine." No doctor has been held liable for providing any health service to a minor over 15.


A transmitter and receiver for fast frequency hopping based on a cyclic frequency hopping pattern in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing System. The transmitter outputs a transmission signal vector having a plurality of samples. In the receiver, a first Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processor transforms a first received signal vector into a Second received signal vector of a frequency domain by using FFT. An equalizer multiplies the received Signal vector by an inverse matrix of a channel matrix representing characteristics of a channel from the transmitter to the receiver. A modified IFFT processor transforms output of the equalizer by using IFFT, and multiplies IFFT outputs of a last stage of the modified IFFT processor by predetermined gains associated with the cyclic frequency hopping pattern of the transmitter. A second FFT processor transforms output of the modified IFFT processor by using FFT to output a recovered received signal vector.


An analytical and experimental study was carried out to understand the extensional and flexural behavior of multiwall sandwich, a metallic insulation composed of alternate layers of flat and dimpled foil. The multiwall sandwich was structurally analyzed by using several simplifying assumptions combined with a finite element analysis. The simplifying assumptions made in this analysis were evaluated by bending and tensile tests. Test results validate the assumption that flat sheets in compression do not significantly contribute to the flexural stiffness of multiwall sandwich for the multiwall geometry tested. However, calculations show that thicker flat sheets may contribute significantly to bending stiffness and cannot be ignored. Results of this analytical approach compare well with test data; both show that the extensional stiffness of the dimpled sheet in he 0 deg direction is about 30 percent of that for a flat sheet, and that in the 45 deg direction, it is about 10 percent. The analytical and experimental multiwall bending stiffness showed good agreement for the particular geometry tested.


A multiphase converter suitable for a very high input voltage is proposed. It is formed by n switch pairs in the primary-side, an n-phase isolation transformer, whose primary windings are connected with dc blocking capacitors, and an n-phase rectifier. The switching patterns applied to the switch pairs have a phase difference of 360° / n. It features Vi / n voltage stress on the primary-side switches, which commute under a ZVS condition, and a high output current capacity. The current stress of the inductors and diodes in the rectifier is reduced to one-nth of the load current. Compared with the input-series connected modular converters, the proposed converter feature a half of the switches number, for the same voltage stress across them. The reduced conduction losses and soft-switching give a high efficiency: 88.3% measured for a 1500V/48V, 2 kW prototype.


Objective To explore the flank small margin of artificial femoral head replacement in treatment femoral neck fracture in older patients.Methods The flank small margin of artificial femoral head replacement in treatment femoral neck bone fracture.The operative surgery margin was 8-12 cm and operative time was 25-35 min.Results According to Harris to scoring,the results were 42 and 94 before and after treatment.Conclusion This method can obtain good results in aged patients,reduce operative time with few blood lose and decrese complications.


OBJECTIVE:Calcium can play noticeable roles in the wound-healing process, such as its effects on organization of F-actinin collagen bundles by fibroblasts at the injury site. In addition, calcium-channel blockers such as verapamil have antioxidant activity by increasing nitric oxide production that promotes angiogenesis, proliferation of fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in the skin-regeneration process. Therefore, in this study, the authors' objective was to investigate the effects of verapamil on the process of wound healing in rat models according to stereological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 12): the control group that received no treatment, gel-base–treated group, and the 5% verapamil gel–treated group. Treatments were done every 24 hours for 15 days. Wound closure rate, volume densities of the collagen bundles and the vessels, vessel's length density and mean diameter, and fibroblast populations were estimated using stereological methods and were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests; P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS:The verapamil-treated group showed a faster wound closure rate in comparison with control and gel-base groups (P = .007 and P = .011). The numerical density of fibroblasts, volume density of collagen bundles, mean diameter, and volume densities of the vessels in the verapamil group were significantly higher than those in the control and the base groups (P < .005). CONCLUSIONS:The authors showed that verapamil has the ability to improve wound healing by enhancing fibroblast proliferation, collagen bundle synthesis, and revascularization in skin injuries.


Two supersonic transport configurations designed by use of non-linear aerodynamic optimization methods are compared with a linearly designed baseline configuration. One optimized configuration, designated Ames 7-04, was designed at NASA Ames Research Center using an Euler flow solver, and the other, designated Boeing W27, was designed at Boeing using a full-potential method. The two optimized configurations and the baseline were tested in the NASA Langley Unitary Plan Supersonic Wind Tunnel to evaluate the non-linear design optimization methodologies. In addition, the experimental results are compared with computational predictions for each of the three configurations from the Enter flow solver, AIRPLANE. The computational and experimental results both indicate moderate to substantial performance gains for the optimized configurations over the baseline configuration. The computed performance changes with and without diverters and nacelles were in excellent agreement with experiment for all three models. Comparisons of the computational and experimental cruise drag increments for the optimized configurations relative to the baseline show excellent agreement for the model designed by the Euler method, but poorer comparisons were found for the configuration designed by the full-potential code.


The authors compare the Novel Ocean Low SNR Signal (NOLOSS) Detector with three other signal processing methods. The comparison is conducted in a random multipath environment and under low signal to noise ratio (SNR) conditions. The improvement in SNR achieved with the NOLOSS detector for a vertical array receiver configuration is computed and analyzed.<<ETX>>


Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common gram-negative bacterium involve in nosocomial infections and, worryingly, it frequently shows a low antibiotic susceptibility. Additionally, P. aeruginosa has an inapt ability to adhere to surfaces and form virulent bio lms which are particularly difficult to eradicate. In this way, there is a need to develop new antimicrobial agents as an alternative to antibiotherapy and bacteriophages (phages) appear as one attractive solution for this problem. This work describes the isolation and characterization of novel phages and their application for planktonic and bio lm cell control. 17 different phages were isolated from hospital effluents and were tested against 35 antibiotic multi-resistant clinical strains provided by the S˜ ao Marcos Hospital (Braga). Four of these phages, showing broad lytic spectra, were selected and their efficacy against planktonic cells was studied. Despite the superior lytic spectra exhibited by the selected phages, two of them were not efficient against their hosts and therefore were not chosen for bio lm control experiments. Meanwhile, the other 2 phages (phages phiIBB-PAA2 and phiIBBPAP21), well capable of causing a great biomass reduction of planktonic cells, were tested against 24 hours old bio lms using different multiplicities of infection (MOI). Both phages caused an approximately 2 log reduction of bio lm-cells, already after 2 hours and the reduction was further enhanced after 6 hours of bio lm treatment, independently of the MOI. The main dissimilarity between the two phage-host systems concerns the bio lm-cell resistance to the phages. In brief, bio lm-cells of P. aeruginosa PAO1, the host of phage phiIBB-PAP21, acquired resistance to the phage and consequently an increase on the amount of cells after 24 hours of infection was observed. On the other hand, phage phiIBB-PAA2 continued to destroy the bio lms of P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and there were no evidences of cells becoming resistant, even after 24 hours of infection. This work shows that the two selected phages are well capable of controlling bio lms; however short treatment prevents the emergence of phage resistant hosts.


This study was undertaken to explore and examine the lived experiences of social workers handling child sexual abuse cases. Despite the many existing research studies in relation to social workers handling child abuse cases, the researcher could not find any research study that specifically describes the experiences of social workers handling child sexual abuse cases. This led to the aim of this study which is to examine and understand the lived experiences of social workers handling child sexual abuse cases. The phenomenological approach of qualitative research was used in this study to allow the participants to express their views and experiences in their own understanding and feelings and interview questionnaire was the primary instrument for data collection. Social Constructivist Theory and Role Theory were used to describe the lived experiences of social workers handling child sexual abuse cases in this study. The findings revealed that child sexual abuse is one of the frightening forms of child maltreatment that has long-term effects which leaves deepest scars on the victims through different sexual acts of violence. The result of the study showed that social workers were one of the helping professionals that ensured the safety and protection of the child after the rescue from child sexual abuse incident. Part of the social worker's responsibilities was to provide interventions appropriate to the needs of the child victim. The study also showed that alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse can be anyone; they can be strangers or people the child knows and trust. The study also revealed that although social workers were trained professionals, they still experienced difficulties in handling child sexual abuses cases in terms of safety issues, struggles, and critical situations. Social workers were prone to experience difficulties in performing their responsibilities in handling child sexual abuse cases. The findings of this study led to a better support system for social workers and awareness programs for the intervention and prevention of child sexual abuse in all child welfare settings. Lastly, support programs for social workers were crafted based on the findings of the study.


In order to increase the total grain output in Zhanjiang, this paper uses econometrics method to establish the regression model of grain yield in Zhanjiang, and analyzes the factors such as the amount of chemical fertilizer affecting the grain yield of Zhanjiang and the cultivated area of grain crops. The research shows that the amount of chemical fertilizer and grain sown area are the main factors affecting the grain yield in Zhanjiang. Therefore, it can be concluded that the amount of chemical fertilizer is the most significant factor affecting Zhanjiang's total grain output and that the farmers benefit most from agricultural inputs. The cultivated area of food crops is also one of the important factors that affect the total output of grain. Crop acreage is an effective way to increase grain output.


The increasing importance of liquefied gas imports into Europe is discussed. Data is presented for Western European LNG import projects; LNG transportation to Europe; forecast for the European LNG trade until 1990; western Europe LPG ocean traffic pattern in which vessels varying in size from 1,500 cubic meters up to 50,000 cubic meters are used; and current rates for these trips are also given. Also discussed is short haul traffic representing the exchange which can involve large annual amounts of transferred products, which generally take place inside the same zone utilizing a large fleet essentially formed by small or medium size coastal vessels. Long haul traffic represents product transfers by large parcels from producing areas outside Europe, which are performed by large vessels (12000 cubic meters to 50000 cubic meters).


INTRODUCTION Regional Sweat Rate Measurement Evaporation of sweat from the skin surface is the greatest avenue of heat loss from the body in warm and hot environments and during exercise. Dry heat losses via conduction, convection and radiation become limited in warm conditions when the temperature gradient between the environment and the skin is narrow. If environmental temperature exceeds skin temperature the body will gain heat via these mechanisms, resulting in complete reliance on evaporative heat loss. This is important in the regulation of core body temperature which becomes elevated in such conditions. The majority of literature available on sweating concentrates on whole body sweat loss, with limited data available on regional sweat rates. Traditionally, whole body sweat rates are calculated from changes in body weight with adjustments for fluid intake, urine output, metabolic and respiratory losses. This approach is not suitable for measurement of regional sweat rates, with the development of more appropriate techniques such as ventilated capsules being readily used. Those that have measured regional sweat rates with such techniques have observed marked regional variation between the sites tested (Cotter et al. 1995; Hertzman 1957; Machado Moreira et al 2008a, b, c; Taylor et al 2006). These studies typically use a small number of sites with a limited surface area and make inferences to larger regions. Furthermore, although capsule techniques are useful for the constant and accurate measurement of sweat rates and onset, interference with the microclimate around the skin surface directly impacts the evaporative process (Nilsson 1977). Since sweating is related to the thermal state of the body, comparison of regional sweat rates between studies to obtain a global picture over the whole body is further complicated by the use of differing environmental conditions, exercise modes, work rates, and populations. To address this issue, a modified absorbent technique was developed to simultaneously measure regional sweat rates and distributions over a large number of sites across the body.


For the first few months of our marriage she acted well towards me. She hoed her small garden, spoke to me respectfully and liked to play and flirt with me. Then her attitude changed; she no longer went about her work and when I tried to play with her she showed herself cold. In many small ways I could tell that she had taken to herself a lover; for amongst us who are Azande in our country a husband knows by many small signs that he has lost the affection of his wife, and that another has gained it. When I used to call her she remained silent in her hut and gave me no reply. When I ordered her to bring me something she used to bring it to me slowly and reluctantly. She refused to lie with me and for three months she avoided my bed and slept on the ground. Whenever I asked her why she treated me in this manner she made no reply but remained silent. I sent for her brother to make my case before him and I asked him to speak to his sister and to tell her to say what wrong I had done her that she neglected me thus. To her brother also she remained silent.


We propose a community detection method based on K-shell. Our method determines some core nodes of the graph according to the K-shell value of these nodes. These core nodes constitute a subgraph on which we use the community detection algorithm to divide the core nodes into communities. Compared to classical methods, by this way, our proposed method removes the non-core nodes which may impact the quality of the solutions, and the running time would be reduced by 45% at most because the graph scale is reduced. Then we use the idea of LPA to infer community labels for the non-core nodes. Our experiments demonstrate that our method can reach the quality of solutions of CNM algorithms on the network constructed by Planted l-partition model which is also better than it on dataset of the Zachary karate club network. Meanwhile, we run our method on large-scale datasets, which has a better performance than the CNM algorithm.


The method is for obtaining double vertical resolution by multiplexing Y signal with 2-line Y signals (Ya,Yb) to perform double scanning while maintaining compatibility with conventional NTSC video. The method includes a multiplexer (11) for multiplexing and modulating the input video with color subcarrier 2fc* to generate YQW signal having double bandwidth of that of original Y signal, an adder (24) for integrating and modulating pre-modulated signals to generate YQ/C signal of 0-10.0 MHz, and a divider (33) for demodulating the modulated signals to generate Ya, Yb, chroma and FM audio signal.