Study Design This is a retrospective study. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI) in patients with Lenke type 1. Overview of Literature PSI is a complication resulting in poor self-image and satisfaction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. Methods We examined the data of AIS patients with Lenke type 1 curves who underwent posterior fusion surgery in a retrospective manner. PSI was defined as a 2-year postoperative absolute radiographic shoulder height (RSH) of ≥2 cm. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of PSI and the level of their upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) (UIV at T2 or T3 [U-UIV] or UIV below T3 [L-UIV]). The radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes were compared, and the cutoff values of risk factors were identified by multivariate analysis. Results Of 104 patients, 21 (20.2%) had left shoulder elevation PSI. The PSI group had a significantly greater preoperative RSH (−5.1 mm vs. −14.3 mm) and main thoracic (MT) curve correction rate (77.3% vs. 69.1%) than the non-PSI group. The PSI incidence did not differ between the U-UIV and L-UIV groups. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative RSH and the MT curve correction rate as independent risk factors for PSI. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified the preoperative RSH cutoff value as −6.5 mm and MT curve correction rate cutoff value as 76.9%. Conclusions Even in AIS patients with Lenke type 1 curves, the incidence of PSI was relatively high (20.2%). Patients with preoperative lower right shoulder elevation (i.e., RSH >−6.5 mm) had a higher risk of PSI regardless of UIV level when the MT curve showed a higher correction rate (i.e., correction rate >76.9%).


Iconographic signs (statues, monoliths and monuments; dedication of streets or other public spaces; philatelic issues, etc..) to express public recognition to nurses and nursing, are realizations arising mainly from virtually the last years of twentieth century. However, they have had to date they deserve consideration in the study of the History of Nursing. This paper seeks to identify those in Spain, cataloging and describing, analyzing with the help of semiotics the degree of perception of their messages and how these signs can be considered relevant and appropriate to achieve the objectives.


Masks have long been employed by creative artists to impart certain unpleasant truths that might not otherwise be heard. Nowhere is this masking more apparent than in the literature of African-American writers, who of necessity, often must employ screens to get their message across. One of the first post-slavery Black writers to use the technique effectively was Charles Waddell Chesnutt in his groundbreaking work, The Conjure Woman, a collection of seven stories published in 1899. (1) As its title suggests, the work deals with the effects of witchcraft, but more important than the subject matter is the author's sharp penetration into slave psychology. Here used to combat the ills of plantation life, conjuring becomes in itself a means of survival for the hapless slaves who had little else to sustain them. Ranging the gamut from the grotesque and pathetic to the comic and tragic, the conjure tales expose, under the guise of folklore, the scourge that was slavery. Thus, underlying these fanciful and frequently mystifying works, there is invariably another dimension--the sphere of nightmare the slaves inhabited. Always, this world emerges as a horribly real one from which there was no exit. Small wonder, then, that for the enslaved, grim and often comic fantasy provided an escape from confronting reality. In these spellbinding, often bizarre pre-Civil War tales, the reader comes in contact with the superstitious, the metamorphic and the unnatural in great measure. But whatever form the stories take, there is never any perception that slavery was other than inexcusable. On the surface, they might seem like entertaining slave narratives, but as a group, the stories serve as Chesnutt's dark fable of his own times. Set in Fayetteville, North Carolina, the stories strip bare Southern society of its artificialities, all the while subtly excoriating a system that had allowed such terrible atrocities to flourish. In detailing the dreadful plight of transplanted Africans and focusing on the horrors of slavery and its tragic consequences, Chesnutt called upon his knowledge of the appalling conditions under which the freed slaves lived after the Civil War. Inevitably, he manages to capture the demoralizing nature of slavery as he underscores, time after time, the toll involuntary servitude took on human dignity and decency. Indeed, his incisive exploration of the tribulations of African slaves in the South is no bewitching fairy tale, no idyllic pastoral; rather, Chesnutt depicts an America where the lives of the powerless freed and former slaves veered perilously close to nightmare. Using pervasive and subtle irony to make his point, Chesnutt reconstructs a fictive universe that weighs Southern society in the balance and finds it wanting. Everywhere he accentuates the fact that in bondage the slaves had come to know what to expect from their masters; set at liberty, they faced a far deadlier problem, existing as they did in a limbo world--subjects of the United States, with none of the attendant perogatives, denizens of a craven new world that was both afraid and unwilling to embrace them. Captives still, the former slaves emerge as lost souls, physically free, emotionally lost, economically deprived, socially outcast, and spiritually isolated from their former captors. Its growing pains now beginning, American society found itself having to come to terms with these disparate brethren, these strange outsiders so dramatically different in appearance, so foreign in customs. Thus, rendered rootless by enslavement and impotent by the absence of the cultural ties so necessary for self-identity, the freed blacks stood precariously on the threshold of their new home, a people apart. Not surprisingly, the literary scene was no better than the social climate. Possibly feeling the burden of the past too difficult a load to shoulder, the South chose to look the other way. In seeking to rid themselves of blame for their role in the enslavement of Africans, Southerners embraced the romantic genre as a defense mechanism, a fictive panacea aimed at camouflaging reality. …


Studies on bio-ecology and management of the prevalent species of sugarcane white grub in western plain zone of Uttar Pradesh


Particle image velocimetry has been applied to the study of a canonical turbulent boundary layer and to a turbulent boundary layer forced by transversal wall oscillations. This work is part of the research programme at the Politecnico di Torino aerodynamic laboratory with the objective of investigating the response of near-wall turbulence to external perturbations. Results are presented for the optimum oscillation period of 100 viscous time units and for an oscillation amplitude of 320 viscous units. As expected, turbulent velocity fluctuations are considerably reduced by the wall oscillations. Particle image velocimetry has allowed comparisons between the canonical and forced flows in an attempt to find the physical mechanisms by which the wall oscillation influences the near-wall organized motions.


This paper addresses the problem of the unsupervised approach of credit card fraud detection in unbalanced datasets using the ARIMA model. The ARIMA model is fitted to the regular spending behaviour of the customer and is used to detect fraud if some deviations or discrepancies appear. Our model is applied to credit card datasets and is compared to four anomaly detection approaches, namely, the K-means, box plot, local outlier factor and isolation forest approaches. The results show that the ARIMA model presents better detecting power than that of the benchmark models.


This thesis aimed to study how PE teachers teach and examine the course aim that concerns pupils' ability to orientate themselves in unknown terrain.

To answer this, a questionnaire was sent out t ...


A belief in his divine right, with the acceptance of Archbishop Laud's doctrine that the concomitant of religious unity was uniformity in worship, led Charles I. to provoke those hostilities which brought him to the scaffold. At the Reformation the Scottish Church adopted the Genevan system of government, which dispensed with bishops and a liturgy. Upon it James VI. ingrafted a modified episcopacy, and Charles determined to complete its uniformity with the Anglican establishment by forcing on it canons and a liturgy.


The main purpose of the air spring is to restrict the vibration at a desirable level as per requirements. Higher rail vehicle speeds generally results in increased vibrations in the car body, which has a negative impact on ride comfort. The suspension of the vehicle has to be modified in order to reduce the vibration and journey should be comfortable i.e. Jerk free journey. It is always desirable to keep the vibration level as low as possible by introducing damping. One of the most important techniques used in the present problem for improving damping is utilizing the air spring in place of helical spring, because due to damping the helical spring gets break up and which causes the serious accident. One of the techniques used in the present problem for improving damping is utilizing the air spring in place of helical spring. This paper consists of two different parts: a theoretical analysis of the problem and an experimental work. In railway vehicles, air springs are used for improving comfort for the passengers and for the prediction of the vibrations in the car body. The design concept evolved from this research work in trusses and frames, transporting system and rail coaches where higher damping is required, which can be made safely by utilizing the air spring system. This system is also help full to reduce the maintenance cost in transportation system.


In April 2004 a Space Shuttle Orbiter Reaction Control System (RCS) thruster was found to be cracked while undergoing a nozzle (niobium/C103 alloy) retrofit. As a failure resulting from an in-flight RCS thruster burn-through (initiated from a crack) could be catastrophic, an official Space Shuttle Program flight constraint was issued until flight safety could be adequately demonstrated. This paper describes the laboratory test program which was undertaken to reproduce the cracking in order to fully understand and bound the driving environments. The associated rationale developed to justify continued safe flight of the Orbiter RCS system is also described. The laboratory testing successfully reproduced the niobium cracking, and established specific bounding conditions necessary to cause cracking in the C103 thruster injectors. Each of the following conditions is necessary in combination together: 1) a mechanically disturbed / cold-worked free surface, 2) an externally applied sustained tensile stress near yield strength, 3) presence of fluorine-containing fluids on exposed tensile / cold-worked free surfaces, and 4) sustained exposure to temperatures greater than 400 F. As a result of this work, it was concluded that fluorine-containing materials (e.g. HF acid, Krytox , Brayco etc.) should be carefully controlled or altogether eliminated during processing of niobium and its alloys.


A Tree of Life workshop was delivered to young people (YP) with congenital heart disease. The workshop helped YP experience greater peer acceptance and recognise their strengths and skills, with narratives around YP's heart conditions becoming less problem-saturated.


This study develops the study of reverse Hilbert-type inequalities on time scales where we can establish some new generalizations of reverse Hilbert-type inequalities via supermultiplicative functions on time scales by applying reverse Hölder inequalities. The main results will be proved by using Specht's ratio, chain rule, and Jensen's inequality. Our results (when

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WEAR, EMILY ELIZABETH. Phenotypic Analysis of Gene Expression in Proposed Populus Root Development and Growth Genes. (Under the direction of Dr. Barry Goldfarb.) Trees fix carbon through the process of photosynthesis, and then allocate resources to their roots and shoots. For carbon sequestration purposes, it can be useful to select genotypes that divert more carbon to the root system where it is less susceptible to degradation, and also to select genotypes tailored to specific site conditions. Using genetic transformation in Populus tremula × P. alba hybrid aspen clones, I studied the effect on root growth and development and lateral root initiation of several putative homologous genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. The three genes studied, PLETHORA1 (PLT1), SHORT-ROOT (SHR), and NAC1 were regulated either by over-expression or RNA interference (RNAi) mediated suppression. Putative transformants of PtPLT1, PtSHR, and PtNAC1 RNAi constructs and a PtSHR over-expression construct were screened for phenotypic alterations to the roots and shoots in a tissue culture experiment. Then, a sub-set of lines from each construct was more thoroughly characterized for growth and physiology traits in a growth chamber experiment with water and nutrient limitation treatments. Finally, the relative gene expression levels compared to the wild type (WT) were analyzed for lines in each construct by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. I found that lines from the RNAi-mediated suppression constructs of PtPLT1, PtSHR, and PtNAC1 showed very limited phenotypic alterations when screened in tissue culture and no phenotype alterations in a growth chamber experiment. Also, none of the lines in the PtPLT1, PtSHR, and PtNAC1 RNAi constructs actually had suppressed gene expression in comparison to the WT. Lines from the PtSHR over-expression construct had reduced growth and biomass in roots and shoots, and reduced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance rates, but increased chlorophyll content in the leaves. I found there was a strong negative relationship between the increased relative gene expression of the PtSHR over-expression construct lines and the severity of their reduced growth. Overall, there was relatively good correlation between the growth traits measured both in tissue culture and growth chambers, except for a few lines that behaved differently under the two environments or were influenced by positional effects. Additionally, the relative gene expression was slightly more correlated with the growth traits measured in tissue culture than with those measured in growth chambers. Phenotypic Analysis of Gene Expression in Proposed Populus Root Development and Growth Genes by Emily Elizabeth Wear A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science


Urban parks provide a wide range of services for healthcare and social welfare. In particular, they function as a key link connected to urban ecosystems, mitigating various environmental problems such as urban heat island effect and greenhouse emission. It is, therefore, urgent to improve our understanding of the role of the urban park in regulating their surrounding environment. We observed surface turbulent fluxes at an artificially constructed Seoul Forest Park (SFP) in Seoul, for two years from June 2013 to May 2015. The objectives of the study are to 1) quantify water, energy and CO2 exchanges from urban park into the atmosphere and 2) quantify the effect of the urban park on microclimate through comparison before and after the park construction and comparison with urbanized surrounding areas and 3) identify abiotic and biotic factors controlling the temperature reduction and CO2 offset.

Our analysis shows that SFP in summer daytime has cooler surface air temperature up to -0.6 ℃ with a Bowen ratio of 0.15 than surrounding commercial-residential zone in Seoul. SFP also acts as local sinks, and its carbon uptake gives economic benefits in terms of a carbon tax and reduction of heatwaves. Our findings indicate the important role of urban parks in mitigating urban heat island intensity and CO2 emission from urban areas and in providing eco-social benefits with us.


This study presents the design and test of a novel ultra-simplified flexure-based spring-mass device (NUFSMD) with high sensitivity for relative gravimeters. The NUFSMD is mainly composed of a highly sensitive spring based on flexure hinges (SFH) and a cantilever beam. When the change of gravity causes SFH to rotate, an amplified displacement can be obtained on the tail of the cantilever beam. The displacement is measured by a capacitive displacement sensor. The change of gravitational acceleration can be calculated based on the output of the sensor. A theoretical analysis of the working principle of the NUFSMD is established. A prototype NUFSMD is machined from 304 stainless steel and a series of experiments are carried out. The effectiveness of gravity measurement is demonstrated by finite element simulations and experiments. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the NUFSMD is about 15.27 μGal nm−1, and the resolution is about 1.83 μGal. The designed NUFSMD shows outstanding performance. And the sensitivity and resolution of the NUFSMD can be further improved by increasing the number of flexible hinges connected in series. Compared with the existing spring-mass devices in high-precision relative gravimeters, the significant advantage of the NUFSMD is that it is simple in structure and easy to machine, which helps to greatly improve performance. Firstly, it is simple in structure, so it can be machined in one piece, which considerately contributes to stability and precision. Secondly, it is easy to machine, so it can be machined from high-performance but difficult-to-machine materials to improve its performance. Thirdly, there are a few parameters that need to be traded off for miniaturization because of the simple structure, so it is easy to be miniaturized to adapt to narrow measurement space. Therefore, it is expected to greatly improve the performance of the existing spring-mass device in relative gravimeters.


Based on the characteristic of well drawdown,a simplified theoretical model,Neuman model is adopted to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of drawdown when using multi-well dewatering in phreatic zones.By synthesized study on a project case use FORTRAN language,it's found that the predict result coincides with the actual measure result basically,that indicates the Neuman model can be used to lay out the dewatering well and control the dewatering time in projects.


This paper presents an efficient design and implementation of low area, high speed Adaptive filter based on Distributed Arithmetic (DA) Scheme. An enhanced NLMS algorithm has been proposed for the adaptive noise cancellation filter design. The computation speed of the proposed NLMS system is relatively high due to preallocation of memory for variables in enhanced Normalized LMS algorithm.The proposed design is successfully implemented using Matlab Code and Xilinx ISE Design Suit on Spartan 3 based XC 35400 and Spartan 3E based Xc3500e FPGA device. The synthesis report shows a considerable decrease in device utilization percentage and increase in overall speed than the existing design. For 20 tap proposed filter there is 43% reduction in number of slices, 59% reduction in number of flip flops, 24% reduction in number of LUTs used, whereas 54% improvement has been achieved in maximum frequency and 35.14% improvement in minimum period. Whereas for 10 coefficient filter there is 21% increase in maximum frequency and 16.46% decrease in minimum period.


Abstract Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 110(2):143–154, 2010 Inuit have travelled to and settled in the coastal landscapes of Northeast Greenland for several longer periods during the latest ca. 4500 years. Most recently the Thule culture Inuit lived in the region from around 1400 until 1850 AD. The access to partly and periodically ice covered near coastal waters has been crucial to the primarily marine based subsistence strategy of the Thule Inuit culture, and their settlements are therefore found immediately at the coast. Changing geological and geomorphologic settings strongly influence the coastal morphodynamics, and only specific locations offer stable and protected conditions needed for proper winter settlements. The comprehensive study of coastal environments and Thule culture winter settlements in the Young Sound region show an accumulation of winter settlements, nearly all located either in protected pocket beaches or on stable basalt capes. The Thule culture abandoned Northeast Greenland about 1850 AD, and apart from settlements on basalt capes, most of the winter settlement sites in pocket beach areas have been affected by erosion of local character and in some cases also affected by increasing wave erosion during recent periods of less ice in near coastal waters.


In the stage of steam stimulation,the wellhead injection-parameters often change over time during steam injection,the traditional model for wellbore heat loss failed to consider this factor.Also,previous work calculated heat loss rate just according to depth step,ignoring injection-time need to be segmented.In order to accurately calculate the wellbore heat loss under unsteady steam-injection conditions,firstly,the unsteady steam-injection parameters were piecewise treated with the method of steady successive substitution,so the cement/formation temperature could be assumed to be constant;Secondly,the heat transfer model was modified based on the principle of superposition,and a total wellbore heat loss formula was put forward;At last,the model was solved both as time step and depth step.The results show that the wellbore heat loss rate decreases with injection-time even in the same depth, therefore,the total heat loss of a certain depth during the whole injection process is the sum of heat loss in every time step.


3 Z, 6 Z-Dienoic acids (C8-C12 and C18) were for the first time synthesized by coupling 2-acetylenic bromides and 2-(3'-butynyloxy)-tetrahydropyrane followed by stereoselective hydrogenation and oxidation.


The paper introduces the present situation between rail and road competition, shows each characters. And measures taken by rail transportation to compete with road are given on its advantages.


We study the steady‐state axisymmetric circulation of nearly inviscid, compressible atmospheres with no condensible component. Assuming simplified non‐grey radiative transfer and instantaneous adjustment to convective neutrality, we present an analytical theory for the depth, width and strength of the Hadley cell in terms of the planetary radius and rotation rate, insolation, optical depth and atmospheric composition. Under equatorially symmetric insolation, the Hadley cell width predicted by the present theory is generally very close to the Boussinesq, Newtonian cooling result of Held and Hou. We also introduce a new scaling theory for Hadley cell width under solstitial insolation conditions. The theory compares favourably with axisymmetric numerical results and also with full general‐circulation model simulations of Mars and Snowball Earth. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society


The present invention were prescribed a liquid crystal display device, the transparent conductive layer and a metal layer laminated scan lines produced simultaneously with the pixel electrode is formed, and introduced by means of a halftone image exposure technology, so that the opening portion is formed on the gate insulating layer process, and the process of the stripe of the semiconductor layer, a new technology rationalization, with the source / drain wiring of the anodizing process, through introduction of the halftone image exposure technology, the protective layer of the electrode terminal is formed to rationalize four reticle processing apparatus constructed embodiment TN-type liquid crystal display.


The evolution of the use of perforation is considered from the point of view of the functional component in the architecture of public buildings: technological, functional, artistic and decorative, emergent. An att empt is made to identify the stages of the evolution of perforation in the formation of the architectural image of a public building. The objects of architecture are analyzed, differentiated by stylistic characteristics and peculiarities of using the perforation technique as the most important component of the formation of the object's architecture. The dynamics of the change in the dominant functions of artistic perforation in the context of the evolution of architectural styles is analyzed. The research was carried out with the fi nancial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of the scientifi c project No. 20-312-90005


The modern world holds countless risks for humanity, both large-scale and intimately personal—from cyberwarfare, pandemics, and climate change to sexually transmitted diseases and drug use and abuse. Many risks have prompted institutional, regulatory, and technological countermeasures, the success of which depends to some extent on how individuals learn about the risks in question. We distinguish between two powerful but imperfect teachers of risk. First, people may learn by consulting symbolic and descriptive material, such as warnings, statistics, and images. More often than not, however, a risk's fluidity defies precise description. Second, people may learn about risks through personal experience. Responses to risk can differ systematically depending on whether people learn through one mode, both, or neither. One reason for these differences—and by no means the only reason—is the discrepancy in the cognitive impact that rare events (typically the risk event) and common events (typically the nonoccurrence of the risk event) have on the decision maker. We propose a description–experience framework that highlights not only the impact of each mode of learning but also the effects of their interplay on individuals' and collectives' responses to risk. We outline numerous research questions and themes suggested by this framework.


AUTHOR Sigler, Gary R.; And Others TITLE A Study of Sex Differences in the Attitudes of Male and Femc.le Teachers of the Trainable Mentally Retarded (TMR). INSTITUTION California State Univ., Long Beach. SPONS AGENCY Bureau of Education for the Handicapped (DHEW/OE), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 73 GRANT OEG-0-72-3963 NOTE 8p.; Council for Exceptional Children Annual International Conference (51st, Dallas, Texas, April 22-27, 1973)


The Central Wasatch supplied evidence for important principles to the pioneer geologists, and valuable data to succeeding investigators, and now, in the light of recent detailed studies, is proving to be a most fruitful geologic field. It was thus the source for epoch-making writings on orogeny by King and Emmons; for significant observations on the relations of certain igneous masses to sediments by Geikie; for the determination of striking facts of pleistocene geologic history by Gilbert; and for important contributions by other geologists. The first detailed geologic mapping in this historic region was undertaken in August, 1902, in connection with an investigation of the geology and ore deposits of the Park City Mining District. This was continued through the field season of 1903 and completed in 1904. As a necessary preliminary, broad comparative studies of the geology of the range north and south of the immediate area under survey were made, and standard sections, notably one which was unusually well


S>Results are reponted from electron-spin resonance studies on the effects of ionizing radiations on desoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid as well as on their constituents and the enzymes which attack them, Electron-spin resonance curves are presented for irradiated thymine, uracil, cytosine, 5-methyl eytosine, d-2-deoxyribose, D-ribose, thymidinc, cytidiue, uridine, guanosine, adenosine, desoxyguanosine, desoxyadeflosine, guanylic acid, cytidylic acid, adenylic acid, uridylic acid, desoxyguanylic acid, desoxycytidylic acid, ribonucleic acid, desoxyribonucleic acid, ribonculease, and desoxyribonuclease. (C.H.)


The Utility Simulation Model has been used to project the emissions, costs, and operating decisions of the electric utilities for each year between 1980 and 2000. For each steam generating unit in the United States, the model simulates the compliance decision, including choice of fuels and pollution controls, as well as emissions and pollution control costs. Results are aggregated to state, regional, and national levels. The results presented here, summarized by strategy for selected years, include SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ emissions, annual revenue requirements, the average price of electricity, dollars per ton of SO/sub 2/ reduced, coal capacity with FGD, utility fuel consumption, and regional production of coal for utility consumption. Because the strategies analyzed were aimed at SO/sub 2/ reduction, the results focus on the emissions and costs of controlling SO/sub 2/. This report is not intended to provide complete analysis and interpretation of the numerical results given in Section 3.


Objective To explore X-ray in our medical imaging diagnosis of the development and application value.Methods 80 patients with clinically diagnosed in our hospital for cerebrovascular disease patients using the X-ray diagnosis treatment.Results In 80 patients with X-ray imaging diagnosis used in the 30 cases of intracranial arteriovenous malformation,40 cases aneurysms,10 cases of blood vessels to narrow cerebral ischemia.In the conventional than diagnosis method is accurate,safety.Conclusion X-ray diagnosis method is more accurate than the other,fast,safe,and in our medical imaging diagnosis has been effectively development with full application.


Abstract Purpose of the study: We aimed to highlight a rare anatomical variation involving the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and to emphasise its implications for thyroid surgery. Materials and methods: Over a period of 13 years, 993 patients underwent thyroid surgery; 1557 recurrent laryngeal nerves (887 on the right side) were exposed. Results: Three non-recurrent laryngeal nerves were found on the right side, associated with a retro-oesophageal subclavian artery. One case was suspected before surgery. Discussion: Several variations in the path and branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve have been reported in the literature. The frequency of occurrence of a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve is about 1 per cent, for patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Other surgically relevant anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve include associations with the inferior thyroid artery and the presence of nerve branches. Conclusion: The recurrent laryngeal nerve must be carefully dissected and totally exposed during thyroid surgery in order to best preserve its function. Moreover, the thyroid surgeon must be aware of the existence of anatomical variations, which are not as rare as one may think.


While many words can enter a language as borrowings , novel words can also be created language internally through the use of deri vational morphology. Upon encountering such words, speakers are able to inter pret their meaning even when they have no previous experience decoding them. But how is this accomplished, and what factors influence the ease with which nove l words are understood? Semantic interpretability, the degree to which a no vel word 'makes sense,' is of great importance (e.g., Burani, Dovetto, Spuntarell i, & Thornton, 1999), as might be expected. However, there are also structur al constraints on word formation (e.g., Plag, 2003), which might in turn a ffect the processing of novel words as they are experienced. For example, magnetize is an existing word in English that is composed of the noun magnet and the suffix ize, with -ize combining with nouns to form verbs. Another suffix, -ify, can also combine with nouns to form verbs, so that an item such as m gnet+ify, which does not exist in English, is still interpretable. However, one would not expect the suffix –ness, which typically does not combine with nouns, to be us d to create the novel item *magnet+ness , because the word magnet is a noun. Structurally, we can say that there is a difference between the pseudowords magnet+ify and *magnet+ness that is based on the lexical category of the root a nd the attachment preferences of the affix. This structurally defined pattern is a selectional restriction that governs morpheme combinations within English. Prese nted here is an investigation of the role of selectional restrictio ns in the processing of novel words. There is evidence to suggest that speakers are sens itiv to selectional restrictions during online processing. Libben (1993 ) created a set of morphologically complex nonwords by combining nonwo rd roots (e.g., talf) with existing English prefixes and suffixes. Each n onword root was four letters in length and conformed to phonotactic constraints English. The critical stimuli in this experiment were structurally trimor phemic nonwords, constructed using one of each of the aforementioned components (nonsense root, prefix,


In this paper we present and analyse the feasibility of a district heating (DH) consumer unit with micro heat pump for domestic hot water (DHW) preparation in a low temperature (40 °C) DH network. We propose a micro booster heat pump of high efficiency (COP equal to 5,3) in a consumer DH unit in order to boost the temperature of the district heating water for heating the DHW. The paper presents the main designs of the suggested system and different alternative micro booster heat pump concepts. Energy efficiency and thermodynamic performance of these concepts are calculated and compared. The results show that the proposed system has the highest efficiency. Furthermore, we compare thermodynamic and economic performance of the suggested heat pump-based concept with different solutions, using electric water heater. The micro booster heat pump system has the highest annualised investment (390 EUR/year) and the lowest operation (320 EUR/year) expenditures. Electric heater-based concepts consume 5-14 times more electricity, which leads to relatively high annual operation costs (530-970 EUR/year); while investment costs are lower (326-76 EUR/year). The suggested DHW heat pump-based system is costefficient for private consumers already today. Furthermore, application of the micro booster heat pump in low energy houses complies with the energy consumption requirements, set by the recent Danish Building Regulations. The use of electrical heater variants would exceed this limit.


A 48-year-old man had a palpable purpuric eruption of the right lower extremity several years after a right aortofemoral bypass graft for obstructive atherosclerotic disease. Histologic examination revealed a leukocytoclastic angitis, and belated tissue Gram's stains disclosed clumps of Gram-negative organisms. The focus for the unilateral purpura proved to be an erosion of the jejunum by the bypass that yielded Enterobacter aerogenes on culture, as did one preoperative blood sample.


PURPOSE: Recent studies indicate that recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 encased in a demineralized bone matrix scaffold (rhBMP/MS) is a comparable alternative to iliac crest bone grafting in secondary alveolar cleft reconstruction. In this study, we utilize Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to provide the first clinical evaluation of volumetric differences in bony reconstitution between rhBMP/ MS versus iliac crest bone graft.


Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was described among patients with COVID-19, health professionals (HP), and the population at large. HP were in the front-line managing this pandemic which put them at a higher risk to develop such trouble. Objectives The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of work circumstances on the mental health of HP. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. It included HP at Abdurrahman Mami Hospital who had a positive RT-PCR test of SARS-CoV-2 on a nasopharyngeal swab over the 10-month period from January to October 2021. Data collection was performed three months after the resumption using the PCL-5 questionnaire . Results Seventy six HP was included in our study. PTSD incidence was 30%. Age average was 41 ± 9 years. Women represented 84%. Seventy eight percent of the HP were married and 71% were living with their children. The average number of persons in the family was 4 ± 1. Intensive care unit was the department of origin for 17% of the HP, the laboratory in 8% of the cases, the emergency room in 3% and the Covid-19 hospitalization services in 24%. The most affected occupational category was nurses (39%), laboratory technicians (14%), and physicians (8%). General difficulties with tasks usually performed was found in 35% of HP suffering from PTSD (p=0.012). It appears that limiting the time spent at work had a protective role for PTSD with an OR of 0.25 (p=0.002). Conclusions Handling COVID-19 health issues was the concern of all medical departments. This study highlights the impact of work circumstances on the mental health of workers. PTSD was prevalent among HP according to our study. PTSD may have an impact on work ability, which should be further explored by other studies. Other psychiatric disorders should also be investigated. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


The palm oil industry in Malaysia is one of the largest producers of agroindustrial wastewater known as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME is highly organic in content which is acidic, thick, dark in colour, with high levels of chemical oxygen demand, ammonical nitrogen, orthophosphate, nitrate, nitrite, total suspended solids, and total solids. Due to high organic load, the raw POME has to be digested anaerobically to reduce the pollutant level, in order to meet the effluent discharge standard for palm oil mills. The objective of the present study is to investigate the potential of selected microalgae to grow in POME and anaerobic liquor (AL)as well as to assess the biochemical composition of the biomass and finally the percentage of pollution reduction obtained. Nine microalgae strains from the University of Malaya Algae Culture Collection (UMACC) which are Chlorella vulgaris UMACC 001, Scenedesmus UMACC 010, Scenedesmus UMACC 036, Scenedesmus UMACC 068, Ankistrodesmus convolutus UMACC 101, Nannochloris bacillaris UMACC 109, Chlorococcum oviforme UMACC 110, Chlamydomonas augustae UMACC 246 and Chlorella UMACC 300 were screened for growth and biochemical composition using flask cultures. Of nine strains, Chlorella UMACC 300 (specific growth rate (μ) =0.35±0.02d-1 and 39.88±2.73%DW of lipid), Chlorella vulgaris UMACC 001(μ=0.32±0.02 and 40.61±2.78%DW of lipid), Scenedesmus UMACC 036 (μ=0.30±0.05d-1 and 32.75±1.01%DW of lipid) and Ankistrodesmus convolutus (μ=0.28±0.02d-1 and 38.89 ±2.70%DW of lipid) were selected to grow in different concentrations of POME and anaerobic liquor. The Chlorella UMACC 300 showed better tolerance to grow in higher concentrations of POME and AL. Chlorella UMACC 300 which grew in 25% AL (Bold Basal Medium, BBM) produce biomass of 677.33±11.37 mg L-1 with 39.98±0.38 %DW protein, 19.12 ± 0.12 %DW carbohydrate and 43.44±0.92 %DW lipid on day 16 of culture period. This Chlorella UMACC 300 also produced higher pollution reduction when compared with other three selected microalgae, whereby it attained 87.66±0.59% reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 65.38±2.51% ammonical nitrogen, 78.56±6.54% orthophosphate, 45.24±4.12 % nitrate and 42.13±11.81% nitrite. The second best strain which grew in different concentrations of POME and AL was Chlorella vulgaris UMACC 001 followed by Scenedesmus UMACC 036 and Ankistrodesmus convolutus respectively. The results obtained from this study shows that Chlorella UMACC 300 which was isolated from POME is tolerant of POME and AL and may be a potential species to be used for POME and AL treatment.


The development of information and communication technology is increasingly growing. Today's society is so spoiled by the many types of communication media, and one of the most interesting people in Indonesia today is Instagram social media. Many positive things can be explored from Instagram, and one of the most used by people in Indonesia is as a medium for doing business online. Many of the offline-based companies are now using Instagram to show the existence of their companies in the world of social media. Likewise with PT. Honda Megatama Kapuk participated in utilizing Instagram as a strategy in customer relations. PT. Honda Megatama Kapuk itself is a company engaged in the automotive sector. The research was conducted with qualitative research methods, where the technique of collecting data through the stages of observation, in-depth interviews, literature studies and documentation. The results show that the strategy of using Instagram social media in Customer Relations is very effective in reaching customers who are active in social media, making it easier for companies to disseminate information about products and company operations. Through Instagram, customers feel more familiar and close to the company so that it has a positive impact on the company in monitoring what information needs are needed by loyal customers. Keywords: Public Relations Strategy, Customer Relations, Instagram


The physical, the thermal and the mechanical properties of Nano-composites, that consisted of Polyprime EP epoxy that reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), have been studied. Various loading ratios, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt. %of MWCNT shave been infused into epoxy by a magnetic stirrer and then the hardener mixed with the mthat supplied with the epoxy. All sample shave been cutting using CNC machine. Tensile test, three-point bending, hardness tests, lee's disk, differential scanning calorimetry, water absorption and dielectric and electrical conductivity test were utilized on unfilled, MWCNT-filled epoxy to identify the loading effect on the properties of materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the dispersion case of nanotubes in the base matrix. The tensile test results showed an improvement in Young's modulus with higher MWCNT addition percentages. The highest value of the tensile strength was obtained at 0.5 wt.% of MWCNT with increasing ratio 66.7%. The values of the Shore D hardness tests are slightly increases as the filler percentage increased, and the maximum value was observed at MWCNT weight percent of 4.4. Images of SEM showed that the specimen of 0.1 wt.% MWCNT has less voids as compared with other specimen. Thermal conductivity and glass transition temperature increase when the loading ratio increased the maximum increasing at 1wt% with 120% and 23% respectively. The true density and electrical conductivity increase when nano carbon infused but decreasing in the dielectric constant and water absorber.


The investigation of leaky waves on multilayered microstrip lines using the SDA requires evaluation of the infinite abruptly changing spectral integrals corresponding to various current contributions. Clearly revealed in this paper is the effective finite integration limits presented to facilitate efficient and accurate numerical simulation, especially for the sharp-variation region near surface-wave poles. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26: 114–117, 2000.


This article presents symptomatic aspects of cooling technology, which were not fully considered in the past or had a negligible impact on electrical energy consumption only. Actually, available household cooling appliances of the highest efficiency class may consume less than 10 W average electrical power. To achieve such low power consumption, special challenges for the cooling system need to be overcome. The related cooling system design has to deal with several effects, which arise from the corresponding low cooling capacity demand, start/stop cycles, and additional power consumption by control accessories. Specific focus is put on the evolution of key performance data during the last few years, like efficiency of compressors at specific operation points or power consumption of electrical components.


Objective To study the effect on Henoch-Schnlein purpura nephritis with cyclophosphamide (CTX) intravenous pulse therapy.Methods Fourty cases of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis were divided into observation group and control group.The observation group:8~10 mg/(kg·time) of CTX was added into 100 mL of saline which was dropped intravenously,2 days was a period of treatment, intermission of 30 d, and the total duration was 4-6 months. The control group only applied prednisone and dipyridamole.Results After CTX pulse therapy 24 h proteinuria determination and hematuria decreased obviously. The effect before and after therapy had significant difference (P0.01).Conclusions CTX pulse therapy with minedosege and a longer intermission have good effect on severe Henoch-Schnlein purpura nephritis and no side-effect.


Stereoselective syntheses of 1-hydroxymethyl-4phenylsulfonylbutadienes were achieved from unsaturated sulfones which were easily obtained from D-Mannitol. Vinyl sulfones, sulfides and sulfoxides are very useful compounds in organic synthesis and have recently been the object of several studies.1 More complex molecules, like arylsulfonyl-1,3-dienes, have attracted considerable interest due to their usage as synthons in a variety of reactions,2 for example cycloadditions with normal and inverse electron demand.3 In the same way, conjugated unsaturated alcohols are an interesting class of compounds not only because of their occurrence in nature, but from a synthetic point of view. Due to our interest in the chemisty of unsaturated sulfones,4 we investigated the following reaction of β,γ-unsaturated sulfones. (Scheme 1).


In investigation and monitoring of contaminated sites and delineation of contamination
plumes and flow paths in groundwater aquifers, the ability to adequately determine the
inherent hydrogeological heterogeneities (different geological settings and fractures) is
essential prior to choosing and designed remedial actions. The FLUTe Activated Carbon
Technique® (FACT®) is a new way to do multi-level sampling (measurements from different
depths using the same borehole) which has shown to have great potential (Cherry, Parker &
Keller, 2007). The method seems to be cost-effective, versatile, have low detection limits,
and have other advantages over the currently preferred methods.
At this time, there is a lack of knowledge and approaches to interpret obtained data and this
is an obstacle to the widespread adoption of the technology. Moreover, there is ample room
for improvement and optimisation of the system design. In this project, the limitations and
possibilities of data interpretation were evaluated using a simple 2D model in COMSOL
Multiphysics®. Field monitoring data obtained at a field site in Denmark were interpreted
using the model and used to benchmark the method.


Pressure relief systems employed at chemical and petrochemical sites are a key safety measure. It is important that they are sized correctly so that they would function effectively if needed. The venting systems protect process vessels against various relief cases including fire and runaway chemical reactions. Through its role in providing technical support to Health and Safety Executive (HSE) inspectors, the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) is well placed to be aware of current industry practice and problems in pressure relief vent sizing. Although there is considerable guidance on good vent design, some misunderstandings and errors are still made, thus the key knowledge required and guidance sources needs to be reinforced. Examples of both good and bad practice are described. Bad practices include: runaway reactions cases not considered and vent lines and catch tanks made from unsuitable materials or not pressure resistant. Guidance on the design of venting systems are also discussed, including relevant API pressure relief codes, ISO standards on safety valves and bursting discs and HSE guidance on chemical reactor vent sizing.


Ultrafine Fe,Ni,Co,Fe-Ni and Fe-Co particles were prepared by arc discharge in a mixture of(H 2+Ar) or the methane atmosphere.The mean particles size was less then 100nm.Magnetic liquid with high stickiness were produced by using the components of ultrafine metal particles,surfactant and foundation liquid.The coefficient of stickiness was in the range(2.6~3.8)×10 5mPa·s at 25℃ and (1.5~2.2)×10 5mPa·s at 70℃.The saturation magnetization were FeMF 403~641 G/g, NiMF 151~188G/g,Fe-NiFM 442~691G/g at room temperature.The efficiency of extraction oil pump were increasd by 20% through using of high stickiness magnetic liquid.


In the last two decades, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been rapidly developed from simple "glue-logic" to a powerful platform capable of implementing a System on Chip (SoC). Modern FPGAs achieve not only the high performance compared with General Purpose Processors (GPPs), thanks to hardware parallelism and dedication, but also better programming flexibility, in comparison to Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Moreover, the hardware programming flexibility of FPGAs is further harnessed for both performance and manipulability, which makes Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) possible. DPR allows a part or parts of a circuit to be reconfigured at run-time, without interrupting the rest of the chip's operation. As a result, hardware resources can be more efficiently exploited since the chip resources can be reused by swapping in or out hardware tasks to or from the chip in a time-multiplexed fashion. In addition, DPR improves fault tolerance against transient errors and permanent damage, such as Single Event Upsets (SEUs) can be mitigated by reconfiguring the FPGA to avoid error accumulation. Furthermore, power and heat can be reduced by removing finished or idle tasks from the chip. For all these reasons above, DPR has significantly promoted Reconfigurable Computing (RC) and has become a very hot topic. However, since hardware integration is increasing at an exponential rate, and applications are becoming more complex with the growth of user demands, highlevel application design and low-level hardware implementation are increasingly separated and layered. As a consequence, users can obtain little advantage from DPR without the support of system-level middleware. To bridge the gap between the high-level application and the low-level hardware implementation, this thesis presents the important contributions towards a Reliable, Reconfigurable and Real-Time Operating System (R3TOS), which facilitates the user exploitation of DPR from the application level, by managing the complex hardware in the background. In R3TOS, hardware tasks behave just like software tasks, which can be created, scheduled, and mapped to different computing resources on the fly. The novel contributions of this work are: 1) a novel implementation of an efficient task scheduler and allocator; 2) implementation of a novel real-time scheduling algorithm (FAEDF) and two efficacious allocating algorithms (EAC and EVC), which schedule tasks in real-time and circumvent emerging faults while maintaining more compact empty areas. 3) Design and implementation of a faulttolerant microprocessor by harnessing the existing FPGA resources, such as Error Correction Code (ECC) and configuration primitives. 4) A novel symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)-based architectures that supports shared memory programing interface. 5) Two demonstrations of the integrated system, including a) the K-Nearest Neighbour classifier, which is a non-parametric classification algorithm widely used in various fields of data mining; and b) pairwise sequence…


A Numerical Rule Processor uses a declarative approach to the processing of engineering calculations. The rules which link the parameters are set out in a separate rule base and the order of processing is established at run time rather than being in a fixed program. This mode of operation is very effective for situations where synthesis of parameter values is required because of the increased flexibility afforded to the user as compared with procedural processing. A spreadsheet is a basic numerical rule processor and the paper discusses two other types of processor. DESIGNER-M provides a graphic interface from which a set of commands can be called to perform various operations on the parameters. Its use is briefly illustrated with reference to the sizing of a reinforced concrete beam. Finally TK Solver TM is discussed. This has very good functionality making it much superior to the use of a spreadsheet for most engineering calculations.


Advanced experimental evaluation of the mechanical fracture properties of quasi‐brittle materials is an important part of the design, assessment, and computational modeling of structures made of these materials. The aim is to determine parameters independent of the test configuration or the size of the test specimens. This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental program which is part of the development of a comprehensive multilevel approach for experimental–computational determination of the mechanical fracture parameters of concrete. Three‐point bending and wedge‐splitting tests were performed simultaneously using three different geometrically similar specimen sizes and two well‐separated depths of initial notches. Before the start of the main testing program, the pilot tests that were performed were aimed at the design of the most appropriate concrete mixture. Special attention was paid to the selection of a maximum aggregate grain size. In order to study the process of concrete aging and the development of its mechanical properties, the accompanying destructive and non‐destructive tests were carried out at different ages of hardening. Fracture parameters were evaluated using the effective crack‐length formulation and work‐of‐fracture method. Finally, the size‐independent specific fracture energy was back‐calculated from the measured specific fracture energy.


Gallium nitride (GaN) is exceedingly apposite for liquid-based sensor applications because of their high internal piezoelectric polarization, chemical and high temperature stability. In this work, the interaction between GaN and H2O has been investigated using a novel methodology. We report the fabrication of single crystal GaN lamella with thickness of few hundreds of nanometer using focused ion-beam milling technique, for sensing applications. Results signify that the device resistivity increases with time at room temperature during the GaN-H2O interaction. Such a change in electrical resistivity is explained based on the electron transfer and electrochemical reactions at the surface of GaN. Study of the surface chemistry transformation of the tested GaN lamella is conducted using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. EDS and EELS results signify the presence of a region containing Ga and O at the interface of the H2O/GaN which is a result due to the adsorption of molecular H2O and its dissociation products implying the occurrence of GaN-water reaction.


A 21-year-old man was admitted to the Chinese Navy General Hospital because of severe abdominal pain (or six hours. The chest P-A upright film and abdominal plain X- ray findings were consistent with a perforated peptic ulcer. Therefore, an exploratory laparotomy with bilateral truncal vagotomy, hemigastrectomy, and Billroth-II anastomosis was performed. However, pathologically, the perforation of duodenal ulcer proved to be from a heterotopic pancreas.


Since 1963, numerous national symbols have undergone a significant design modification, including Malaysian banknotes. As a symbol of an independent nation, the banknote presents an acceptance of its value but alternately plays as a propaganda tool. This paper aims to examine the illustrations depicted on the first series of Malaysian banknote designs through the semiotic analysis approach. The study has revealed that the portrait, logo, roman Malay script, building, the ringgit currency against the dollar, and the Malay governor's signature are legitimate evidence to appoint the first series of the Malaysian banknotes as one of the national symbols.
Keywords: Banknote Design; National Symbol; Semiotic.
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7%20(Special%20Issue).3797


Magnitude is a numerical invariant of metric spaces and graphs, analogous, in a precise sense, to Euler characteristic. Magnitude homology is an algebraic invariant constructed to categorify magnitude. Among the important features of the magnitude of graphs is its behaviour with respect to an operation known as the Whitney twist. We give a homological account of magnitude's invariance under Whitney twists, extending the previously known result to encompass a substantially wider class of gluings. As well as providing a new tool for the computation of magnitudes, this is the first new theorem about magnitude to be proved using magnitude homology.


A practical method to simulate the crankshaft signal and cylinder pressure signal is presented. The hardware circuit and software program flowchart about the simulation system are given in detail.


Objective To investigate, from seminal acid phosphatase, the mechanism of acupuncture improvement of sterility patient's seminal quality (density, survival rate and motility). Methods Spermatozoal density, survival rate and motility were determined before and at three and six months after acupuncture in 118 patients. The man values at three and six months after acupuncture were separately compared with the corresponding one before. Results Statistical analysis showed that spermatozoal motility and seminal acid phosphatase had very significant differences between pretreatment and posttreatment (P0.01). Conclusion Acupuncture can raise seminal acid phosphatase level in sterility patients.


Objective:To establish rat model of combining disease with syndrome of deficiency of Heart Qi caused by Left Heart Failure after Myocardial Infarction.Methods:Rat left coronary artery was ligated to cause left heart failure after myocardial infarction.Heart rate,breath frequency,cardiac function and exhausting swimming time were observed to evaluate syndrome of deficiency of Heart Qi.Results:Heart rate and breath frequency was increased.Index of animal feeds consumption and index of weight gain was descendent.Exhausting swimming period lessen.Numerical value of cardiac function Parameter include SV,CO and CI reduced and LVET shorten.Above index changes appeared after 30 days of operation in model group.But similar phenomenon was observed in control group.Two group had significant difference( P 0 01).Conclusion:Heart rate breath frequency exhausting swimming time cardiac function quantitatively evaluated syndrome of deficiency of Heart Qi caused by left heart failure after myocardial infarction.


Selecting optimal cutting parameters is a very important task in any machining process planning, especially when sustainability is in the sight. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization focused on sustainable productions, for selecting optimal cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut) in multi-pass cylindrical turning operations. Both, the economic and environmental pillars of sustainability are considered as optimization targets. Technical requirements, such as cutting power, forces and surface roughness, are also taken into account as constraints. Optimization was carried out through a posteriori approach, where a set of non-dominated solutions, also known as Pareto front, were obtained and, then, the most suitable combination of targets is selected for the specific workshop conditions. Two gradient-free optimization techniques were used for carrying out the optimization: the non-sorting genetic algorithm II and the multi-objective particle swarm optimization. A study case was carried out not only for evaluating the fitness of the proposed approach but also for comparing the performance of the considered techniques. The outcomes showed a better performance by the genetic algorithms, in both the computational efficiency and the quality of the obtained Pareto front. The proposed approach demonstrated its convenience for sustainability optimization of machining processes, giving a simpler way for analyzing simultaneously the economic and environmental aspects of sustainability.


Recent improvements in detector technology allow pinhole SPECT to approach spatial resolutions as low as 50 mum. Such high resolutions require a high accuracy of the imaging gantry for preclinical SPECT systems, and is not easily achieved in a laboratory setting. Analytical calibration methods are deemed to fail due to practical implications such as size and activity concentrations of the required point sources. Thus, we have developed a numerical calibration method based on least-square optimization that incorporates the modeling attributes of a forward projector frequently used in iterative reconstruction. The forward projector is currently capable of modeling detector misalignment such as detector rotation and pinhole translation, and will incorporate the pinhole point spread function as well as the size and shape of the point source. Currently, our calibration phantom consists of a single point source, positioned off-center in the object space. The optimization method involves a sequentially fitting of each individual parameter to the data, followed by fitting multiple parameters simultaneous in consecutive steps including all five parameters for the final fitting. The results of the optimization show an error of expected magnitude considering the relatively coarse sampling grid of our simulations. The relatively slow convergence of the y- and z-tilt require simulation of additional point sources. Further improvements of computational and memory efficiency need to be made, which enable the method to fit high resolution data as well as incorporation of the pinhole point spread function and the shape and size of the point sources.


Solid Optics (SO) is 3D optics without air spaces. In some respects it is a 3D version of Integrated Optics (IO), but it shares many features with Conventional Optics (CO) that IO cannot share. After a general comparison of SO, IO, and CO; we note that for many purposes SO is the best choice. We then discuss general approaches, geometries, and figures of merit for SO systems. The final main topic is a review of the two main types of SO system: linear and right-angle.


The autoradiographic technique was used on chromatograms containing adenosine diphosphate (ADP-P/sup 32/) and ADP-8-C/sup 14/. Adenosine diphosphate- 8-C/sup 14/ gave an intense exposure only on film 1, while ADP-P/sup 32/ darkened both films, the second film being twice as dark as the first. However, the relatively short half-life of P/sup 32/ (14.3 days) permits a resolution to be made after an appropriate decay. It was concluded that, in general, when C/sup 14/-P/sup 32/ or S/sup 35/ P/sup 32/ chromatograms contain only one radionuclide per spot, visual comparison of the two films permits a simple identification of the material. Under some conditions, doubly labeled spots may also be resolved. (P.C.H.)


A 12 year old mixed breed dog came to Clinic K and P Surabaya with complaints of a lump on the left forefoot by the owner. A skin tumor is an uncontrolled growth of cells in the skin and underlying tissue that can be malignant or benign. After a physical examination and surgical removal of the skin tumor on the forefoot. Organ tumors are made preparations. Then the observations were made under a microscope with a magnification of 200x and 400x. Histopathological picture of skin tumors showed cell differentiation such as cell necrosis in the tissue, degenerative changes in the cytoplasm and nucleus and irregular growth and number of cells.


While some advertisers have undertaken controversial advertising campaigns that have been very successful, some have been damaging to the company. This is particularly important for companies that have a controversial product, like condoms, feminine hygiene products and underwear. This paper presents some preliminary results of a survey of 150 people to determine whether they perceive particular sex/gender-related products as offensive, what are the reasons to find advertisements offensive and discover correlations to ascertain why certain products are perceived as offensive. The results, while preliminary, indicate some important issues for advertisers.


This essay is the continuation of my previous deliberations on the evolution of the Polish feature film during socialist realism, which summarized its output and pondered its future after the victory of the Solidarity movement. In the paper "Cinema Under Political Pressure..." (1993), I wrote inter alia: "Those serving the Tenth Muse did not notice that martial law was over; they failed to record on film the takeover of the government by the political opposition in Poland. [...] In the new political situation, the society has been trying to create a true democratic order; most of the filmmakers' strategies appeared to be useless. Incipit vita nova! Will the filmmakers know how to use the freedom of speech now? It is still too early to answer this question clearly, but undoubtedly there are several dangers which they face."2 Since then, a dozen years have passed and over four hundred new feature films have appeared on Polish cinema screens, it is now possible to write a sequel to these reflections.


In the practice of executive authorities in Germany are often issued not only administrative acts con taining one (basic) position of a regulatory nature, such as permission of anything, but also additional provisions to administrative acts. The article discusses the types of additional provisions, studies the conditions of their publication and procedural problems of their challenge.


The authors have applied the 3D FDTD technique to simulate the propagation of electrical signals within printed circuit boards (PCBs). This relates to the work currently being carried out into the propagation of very high speed digital pulses in PCBs for high bandwidth systems. Visualisation of an applied Gaussian pulse from multiple sources within and outwith a PCB is shown and the techniques used to determine the system characteristics are discussed.


A previously healthy 61-year-old man was admitted to our department with an 18-month history of progressive headache associated with a visual loss and physical asthenia. No fever was obvious, nor were there signs of infection. Clinical examination revealed bitemporal hemianopsia without neurological deficit. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass of the sellar and suprasellar area measuring 2.8 ¥ 2.1 ¥ 1.9 cm with a peripheral enhancement and compressing the optic chiasm. The process was heterogeneous with a central hyperintense area on T1and T2-weighted images (Figure A). No mucoperiosteal thickening was noted in the sphenoid sinus. Laboratory examination revealed a panhypopituitarism with deficiencies of steroid, thyroid, gonadal, and somatotropic axes. The patient received hydrocortisone and thyroxine replacement therapy. Hypophyseal MRI, performed 8 months later, demonstrated no change in the size and the appearance of the pituitary process. The patient was operated on through a transsphenoidal approach revealing after the removal of the floor of the sella, a thickened dura mater under tension. A dural incision resulted in an egress of a significant amount of a whitish-yellow purulent material under pressure (Figure B). After a complete evacuation and irrigation, a normal pituitary gland parenchyma was observed. Pathological examination of the capsule was suggestive of a wall of an abscess with a mixture of inflammatory cells including neutrophils and lymphocytes. There was also no evidence of pituitary adenoma. A broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (third-generation cephalosporin) was initiated during surgery and continued 3 weeks postoperatively. The culture of the sellar contents revealed no microorganism, and the staining for acid-fast bacilli were negative. The patient remained asymptomatic at the 6-month control, and no sign of recurrence was seen on the follow-up MRI. The patient was, however, still continuing the hormonal replacement therapy.


We explore in detail the possibility of generation of continuous-variable (CV) entangled states of light fields with well-localized phases. We show that such quantum states, called entangled self-phase locked states, can be generated in nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator (NOPO) based on a type-II phase-matched down-conversion combined with polarization mixer in a cavity. A quantum theory of this device, recently realized in the experiment, is developed for both sub-threshold and above-threshold operational regimes. We show that the system providing relative phase coherence between two generated modes also exhibits different types of quantum correlations between photon numbers and phases of these modes. We quantify the entanglement as two-mode squeezing and show that CV entanglement is realized for both unitary, non-dissipative dynamics and for dissipative NOPO in the entire range of pump field intensities.


The spirit of nationality is the root of aim and ideal for a country,Sports plays an important role in social construction and nationality ideal calculation. The author does a lot of research about this in this thesis.


Web database is nothing but online database which generates query result based on user's result. From the query result, extract the data from many application i.e., data integration which need cooperate with multiple web application. CTVS is the method for novel data extraction, which is used to extract the data automatically from query result pages (QRP). Firstly identifying and segmenting the query result records in the QRP. Secondly, align the segmented QRR into table. Due to presence of auxiliary information, in such cases QRRs are not contiguous, Specifically for this situation we proposed new techniques to handle. Designing new record alignment algorithm which is used to align the attribute in a record, first pair wise and then holistically, by joining the tag and data value likeness information. From this approach which achieves high precision and do better than.


Vision and Change [AAAS, 2011] outlines a blueprint for modernizing biology education that includes a listing of key concepts and competencies students need to succeed in 21st century Biology. Here we describe an introductory physics lab that advances the reports' recommendations on the concept of systems, and on the abilities to tap into the interdisciplinary nature of science and to use modeling/simulation. These are achieved through an in vitro pharmacokinetics experiment on the metabolism of coumarin by liver microsomes. The apparatus revolves around two fluid compartments separated by a semipermeable membrane. One compartment is a shallow, 3D printed well, that contains a liver microsome suspension. This arrangement mimics a tissue compartment. The second compartment mimics the circulation. It uses a mini‐pump that circulates a fluid continuously across the semipermeable membrane. Coumarin is injected into the circulating fluid, from where it diffuses across the semipermeable membrane and into the microsome‐containing compartment where it is gradually metabolized. The fluid also flows continuously through a small UV/VIS spectrophometer that monitors drug concentration in realtime. Experimental results are contrasted with those obtained with agent‐based modeling that mimics flow conditions in the circulation, diffusion into and out of the tissue compartment, and metabolism.


Health Technology Assessment (HTA) supports public policies on technology management in several countries. In Brazil, the institutionalization of HTA began in 2000 at the Ministry of Health, and had the participation of the National Regulatory Agency for Private Health Insurance (ANS). However, the public and the private systems have taken different paths. Different HTA processes can generate rework, inefficiency and increase inequities between the public and the private sectors. The objective of this research was to identify the duality between those two sectors regarding the current models of HTA implemented in the country. A scoping review of the literature was carried out from 2000 to 2019, in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Lilacs databases. ANS documents were also analyzed, relating to the HTA process in private health insurance sector. The literature review found a shortage of articles on the topic, while the document analysis allowed to draw a timeline with the main milestones related to the Agency's HTA process. It was concluded that the national coordination of an HTA model is desired, aiming at increasing the transparency of the institutions, the greater credibility of their decisions, greater efficiency of the process, and providing greater equity.


Cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos is a crucial step for conservation of animal genetic resources,and vitrification is becoming a very useful method for embryo cryopreservation.In this study,two types of vectors (glass micropipette (GMP) and straws) and a differential staining method were used to investigate the survival rate and embryonic quality of bovine parthenogenetic blastocysts post-vitrification cryopreservation.Our results showed the hatching rate (70.29%) of blastocysts loaded into GMP was significantly higher (P0.05) than that of (27.31%) loaded into straws post-vitrification.By the differential staining,the total cells of non-vitrified parthenogenetic bovine blastocysts was 93.70,which was higher (P0.05) than that (91.37) of vitrified blastocysts.And,no significant difference (P0.05) was seen on ratios between vitrified blastocysts (ICM/TE=0.24) and non-vitrified blastocysts (ICM/TE=0.23).Our results demonstrate that a glass micropipette vector was much better than a straw in vitrification cryopreservation of bovine parthenogenetic blastocysts,which caused less damage on blastocyst cells.This study lays the foundation for improving a method of vitrification cryopreservation of bovine embryos and the differences of embryos cryosensitivity and cells counts between normal embryos and freezable embryos.


A numerical study is performed in order to evaluate the performance and optimal operating conditions of a palladium membrane reactor for methanol synthesis. A novel reactor configuration with a Pd wall, which is perm-selective to hydrogen, has been proposed. In this configuration the reactants are added to the tube side while pure hydrogen is added to the shell side, as a result, the hydrogen diffuses across the membrane from the shell side to the tube side. In this membrane reactor, hydrogen penetrates to the reaction side in order to maintain a suitable hydrogen level in the whole length of the reactor and shift the equilibrium reaction. The effects of different parameters on the methanol output mole fraction were investigated in the co-current mode. These parameters were membrane thickness, reaction side flow rate, reaction side pressure, shell side pressure and H2/CO2 ratio in the feed.


How a people's Christian community is structured and how it functions / Uriel Molina Oliu -- Church of the poor within the popular movement / Pablo Richard -- People of God in biblical tradition / Jorge Pixley -- People of God in the experience of faith / Giuseppe Alberigo -- 'Populus Dei' in Populo Pauperum : from Vatican II to Medellin and Puebla / Enrique Dussel -- Re-defined role of the bishop in a poor, religious people / Alois Lorscheider -- Presbyter / John Mutiso-Mbinda -- Religious life among the poor : two accounts from Brazil -- Task of theology and ecclesial experience / Gustavo Gutierrez -- Ministry of coordinators of a popular Christian community / Carlos Zarco Mera, Leonor Telleria & Carlos Manuel Sanchez -- Models of the church which underlie pastoral action / Casiano Floristan -- Analytic examination of the term 'people' / Pedro Ribeiro de Oliveira -- Theological examination of the terms 'people of God' and 'popular church' / Leonardo Boff -- Offices in the church of the poor / Edward Schillebeeckx -- Epilogue / Virgil Elizondo & Leonardo Boff.


Offshore hydrocarbon projects have many different and unique characteristics, such as a larger project size, higher number of scopes, higher complexity, etc. In fact, offshore hydrocarbon projects described as mega projects are ones that require significant assessment and acquisition methods in order to reduce risks and failures. This paper emphasizes the critical and challenging factors that affect the successful implementation of O&G offshore projects and their overall performance. Four perspectives have been identified in order to assess these factors. These perspectives are financial, technical, geopolitics and geographic. Under each perspective, there are multiple criteria that are linked to each other with complex processes and unique challenges.


In this paper, the fuzzy Kamal transform is used to solve fuzzy Volterra integral-differential equations, which is based on Kamal transform. Kamal transform takes very little computation and time. Numerical examples are given to prove the effectiveness of Kamal transform in solving fuzzy Volterra integro-differential equations


With the growing consolidation of the Russian nationalist movement in 1989-90 it is not only political scientists who think more and more on the national feeling of ethnic groups in the Soviet Union. The nationality conflicts in the peripheral areas of the Soviet Empire are common knowledge and have awakened deep interest. The Russian nationalists, however, seemed to have escaped from the center of the problem, except for some secondary mentioning of "Pamyat" and related groups. Whereas the nationalist movements in the Baltic countries, the Caucasus, Moldovia, Central Asia, and even Ukraine refer to the question of whether their countries should break away from the outer fringes of the Soviet Union, Russian nationalism is directed against the very center of the problemthe Russian Federation and thus the core of the Soviet Union itself. That is why the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Ost-europakunde arranged a conference on this central problem, inviting scholars from Europe, the United States and the USSR to Walberberg, a remote monastery between Cologne and Bonn on November 22-24, 1989. The participants discussed the "National Consciousness of Russians in State and Society of the Tsarist Empire and the Soviet Union." The first day of the conference focused on the Tsarist era: Andreas Kappeler (Cologne University) opened the proceedings with "Remarks on Russian NationBuilding." He differentiated between objective and subjective factors; the former included state-building which "preceded nation-building for centuries and had a strong influence on Russian nation-building." Others were the religious orthodox community, the traditional orthodox culture, and various social factors. He analyzed attempts of the secular intelligentsia to bridge the gap between the elite and the masses-one of two gaps (the other being one between government and society) that served as barriers for social mobilization, complementary communication and, finally, nation-building. The central aspect of his "subjective factors" was the intelligentsia's efforts to create a modem national consciousness and to unify the national-religious consciousness of the masses with the imperial political ideology into a single Russian national consciousness in the last one hundred years of Tsardom. As the


The author summarises the results of a recent study examining the outcome of patients treated with alternative medicine therapies using the measurement instrument, SF-36. (non-author abstract)


: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) by integrating environmental considerations into development projects and activities. This abstract provides an overview of the role of EIA in achieving SDGs. EIA is a systematic process that evaluates the potential environmental impacts of proposed projects, policies, and programs. By identifying and assessing potential environmental risks and impacts, EIA ensures that development activities are carried out in an environmentally responsible and sustainable manner. The role of EIA in achieving SDGs is multi-faceted. Firstly, EIA helps integrate environmental considerations into development planning and decision-making processes. By evaluating potential impacts at an early stage, EIA enables the adoption of mitigation measures to minimize negative environmental consequences and enhance project sustainability.


Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with cutaneous hyperreactivity to various environmental triggers. The aim of the treatment should be focused on suppression of chronic inflammation and control of acute exacerbations. Education of the patient is necessary to increase the disease perception and improve modification of the scratch control behaviour that will lead to a better skin care and improvement in the quality of life. Appropriate treatment is also necessary for the prevention of microbial colonization, invasive skin infections and further systemic complications. Basic therapy of atopic dermatitis should comprise optimal skin care with regular use of emollients, and avoidance from specific triggering factors. Topical treatment options like topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors are the milestones of the severe atopic dermatitis. The risk of adverse effects induced by topical corticosteroids could be reduced by proactive treatment modality and balancing risk/benefit ratio. Topical calcineurin inhibitors allow a steroid-free antiinflammatory topical treatment with a safe application on sensitive skin areas. Further treatment options, on the basis of the disease severity, includes addition of multiple therapeutic agents in a stepwise approach. In severe cases of atopic dermatitis, systemic treatment options including oral steroids, immunosuppressant drugs, wet wrap and immunoglobulin G can be considered. Systemic antibiotic treatment is indicated for widespread secondary bacterial skin infections. The management of atopic dermatitis should be individualized according to the severity of the disease and patients' clinical conditions.


Abstract. Static, single-time economic comparisons of subsurface drip irrigation and center pivot sprinkler irrigation systems for corn production are useful but do not accommodate broad changes in economic assumptions. An economic comparison decision tool was formulated in MS-Excel to allow producers and other interested parties to easily perform their own comparisons using their current individual assumptions or the latest suggestions from K-State Research and Extension. Tabular and graphical sensitivity results are provided on key economic factors including field size, SDI system cost and longevity, corn yield and selling price. The economic competitiveness of SDI systems increases with SDI longevity and overall corn yields and selling prices and also for smaller and irregular-shaped fields where center pivot sprinkler costs per unit area greatly increase.


Planar organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) using PEDOT:PSS as the channel material and nanostructured carbon (nsC) as the gate electrode material and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (PSSNa) gel as the electrolyte were fabricated on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (Mylar®) substrates. The nsC was deposited at room-temperature by supersonic cluster beam deposition (SCBD). Interestingly, the OECT acts as a hybrid supercapacitor (to give a device that we indicate as transcap). The energy storage ability of transcaps has been studied with two cell configurations: one featuring PEDOT:PSS as the positive electrode and nsC as the negative electrode and another configuration with reversed electrode polarity. Potentiostatic charge/discharge studies show that both supercapacitors show good performance in terms of voltage retention, in particular, when PEDOT:PSS is used as the positive electrode. Galvanostatic charge–discharge characteristics show typical symmetric triangular shape, indicating a nearly ideal capacitive behavior with a high columbic efficiency (close to 100%). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016


The secondary development based on the large commercial software is one of the developing trend ofcasting technology designing software. A kind of 2-D drawing software is adopted in casting procedure design,which develops with program tools of Visual C++ and ObjectARX and operates on the basis of AutoCAD. Thesoftware consists of standard patterning library and parameter library of casting technology, the aided design ofthe gate and shrinkage system, and core print drawing, which has the characteristic of expandability.


Callus cultures were established from cherry (Prunus avium) cvs. Napoleon and Colt, respectively susceptible and resistant to race-1 strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum, by growth on Schenk–Hildebrandt medium. On Napoleon callus, necrosis began earlier and proceeded more rapidly when inoculated with the virulent race-1 cherry isolate strain C28, than with mutants of diminished virulence derived from it, or with the virulent plum isolates D10 and D17. Colt tissue displayed poorer viability and showed susceptibility to strain C28 and the plum isolates. Callus from both sources was somewhat susceptible to the saprophytes P. aeruginosa NCIMB 8295 and P. fluorescens NCIMB 3756. Strain C28 grew on suspended Napoleon callus cells over a period of 3–4 days, causing leakage of UV-absorbing compounds and K+, with a concomitant rise in extracellular pH. P. fluorescens NCIMB 3756 showed no growth on suspended callus for 6 days. EDTA-extracted outer membrane (OM) from strain C28 caused leakage of UV absorbing material and K+, which was later reabsorbed, with little change in pH. The presence of OM suppressed the growth of a subsequent inoculum of strain C28, possibly due to complexation of the available Ca2+ and/or Mg2+ in the surrounding medium, by the component lipopolysaccharide (LPS). OM from the rough avirulent mutant strain C28-2 induced leakage of K+, but not of UV-absorbing material, and did not prevent the growth of subsequently inoculated strain C28. Smooth LPS from strain C28 did not cause leakage of K+ or of UV-absorbing material and did not prevent growth of C28. The relevance of these findings is discussed in relation to disease.


The writer of this paper makes a deep study of the advantages and disadvantages of the classified enrollment in colleges,then puts forward five strategies in the like field.The purpose of the study is provide useful tips for college classified enrollment.


The authors describe a system for speaker-dependent speech recognition based on acoustic subword units. Several strategies for automatic generation of an acoustic lexicon are outlined. Preliminary tests have been performed on a small vocabulary. In these tests, the proposed system showed results comparable to those of whole-word-based systems.<<ETX>>


The effects of subsoiling on soil physical properties, soil water content and corn yield had been studied in Changtu County, Liaoning Province. The results showed that the bulk density of subsoil(20- 40 cm) numerically declined with subsoiling, whereas the water permeability increased significantly for the first two hours, due to breaking plough pan by subsoiling. The field capacity and soil water content of 0- 100 cm depth, however, were not obviously influenced by soil deep loosening. The effects of subsoiling on increasing corn yield and water use efficiency(WUE)were more significant in the drought year, while the effects were not present in the test year with high precipitation.Furthermore, corn yields were similar between the treatments with interlacing subsoiling and normal subsoiling in this study. Considering the energy saving advantage, interlacing subsoiling had a good prospect of application and extension.


With the increasing threats of security attacks, Machine learning (ML) has become a popular technique todetect those attacks. However, most of the ML approaches areblack-box methods and their inner-workings are difficult tounderstand by human beings. In the case of network security, understanding the dynamics behind the classification model isa crucial element towards creating safe and human-friendlysystems. In this article, we investigate the most important featuresin identifying well-known security attacks by using SupportVector Machines (SVMs) and l1-regularized method with LeastAbsolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) for robustregression both to binary and multiclass attack classification. SVMs are one of the standards of ML classification techniques thatgive a reasonably good performance but with some drawbacksin terms of interpretability. On the other hand, LASSO is aregularized regression method often performing comparably welland it has extra compelling advantages of being very easilyinterpretable. LASSO provides coefficients that contribute howindividual features affect the probability of specific security attackclasses to occur. Hence, we finally use LASSO in particular formulticlass classification to help us better understand which actualfeatures shared by attacks in a network are the most importantones. To perform our analysis, we use the recent NSL-KDDintrusion detection public dataset where the data are labeledinto either anomalous (denial-of-service (DoS), remote-to-local(R2L), user-to-root (U2R) and probe attack classes) or normal. Empirical results of the analysis and computational performancecomparison over the competing methods used are also presentedand discussed. We believe that the methodology presented in this paper may strengthen a future research in network intrusiondetection settings.


The chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of the methyl esters of sunflower oil with lipase from Candida antarctica B and aqueous H2O2 in the presence and absence of an acyl donor was investigated. The biphasic system (CH2Cl2/H2O) comprised Candida antarctica B lipase (CALB, 1000 u g-1) and 30% (v/v) aqueous hydrogen peroxide. In some cases the conversion was higher than 99%. The best results were obtained for the biphasic system after 16 h of reaction, at 30 oC, using 10 mmol of octanoic acid in relation to 1 g of the oil, 6 mL of dichlomethane and 5 mL of water.


When the inaugural issue ofMobile Media and Communication (MMC) was published in 2013, I began my article with the story of the Lovegety, a stand-alone device in Japan in the late 1990s that would beep when within 5 meters of another Lovegety device on the same setting, either "chatting," "karaoke," or "get2" (Humphreys, 2013). This example demonstrated several important aspects of mobile social media. First, the use of a stand-alone device was out of place given the mobile phone, app-centric environment. Second, the Lovegety's connectivity was based on proximity, not locality. There were no location-based data collected on such devices. Third, the Lovegety demonstrated that mobile social media were not always tied to mobile phones. In this article, I want to reflect on what these three aspects mean for mobile social media in 2023. WhenMMC first launched, it seemed unfathomable that a separate device, such as the Lovegety, would connect people rather than an app on a smartphone. Indeed from 2008– 2013, there was exponential growth in apps (Goggin, 2021; Morris & Murray, 2018). Today, however, given the rise of "smart" objects and appliances, devices such as the Lovegety do not seem unusual. Plenty of things "talk" to each other (Frith, 2019). It is, however, the case that such objects or things are now also connected to our mobile devices and ultimately the Internet (Bunz & Meikle, 2017), whereas the Lovegety was not accessible through a mobile phone or the Internet. If the Lovegety were to exist


Here we will derive the general theory of the beam-breakup (BBU) instability in recirculating linear accelerators with coupled beam optics and with polarized higher-order dipole modes. The bunches do not have to be at the same radio-frequency phase during each recirculation turn. This is important for the description of energy recovery linacs (ERLs) where beam currents become very large and coupled optics are used on purpose to increase the threshold current. This theory can be used for the analysis of phase errors of recirculated bunches, and of errors in the optical coupling arrangement. It is shown how the threshold current for a given linac can be computed and a remarkable agreement with tracking data is demonstrated. General formulas are then analyzed for several analytically solvable problems: (a) Why can different higher order modes (HOM) in one cavity couple and why can they then not be considered individually, even when their frequencies are separated by much more than the resonance widths of the HOMs? For the Cornell ERL as an example, it is noted that optimum advantage is taken of coupled optics when the cavities are designed with an x-y HOM frequency splitting of above 50 MHz. The simulated threshold current is then far above the design current of this accelerator. To justify that the simulation can represent an actual accelerator, we simulate cavities with 1 to 8 modes and show that using a limited number of modes is reasonable. (b) How does the x-y coupling in the particle optics determine when modes can be considered separately? (c) How much of an increase in threshold current can be obtained by coupled optics and why does the threshold current for polarized modes diminish roughly with the square root of the HOMs' quality factors. Because of this square root scaling, polarized modes with coupled optics increase the threshold current more effectively for cavities that have rather large HOM quality factors, e.g. those without very elaborate HOM absorbers. (d) How does multiple-turn recirculation interfere with the threshold improvements obtained with a coupled optics? Furthermore, the orbit deviations produced by cavity misalignments are also generalized to coupled optics. It is shown that the BBU instability always occurs before the orbit excursion becomes very large.


The first step of the K-nearest neighbor classification is to find the K-nearest neighbors of the query. A basic operation in calculating Jaccard distance is to count the number of ones in a binary vector - population count. This article focuses on finding the K-nearest neighbors in a high-dimensional Jaccard space. There are two main contributions. First, software methods for population count are improved and implemented in Advanced Vector Extensions. They are faster than the hardware instruction. Second, a new method for KNN is proposed. Jaccard distance is a metric. After the K-nearest neighbors of a vector are found, their K-nearest neighbors must be in a hypersphere with a radius determined by the triangle inequality. Sequential computation and parallelization by OpenMP and POSIX Threads are implemented. The new method is up to six to 11 times faster than the classic method.


The lack of the scientific literature concerning Vasyl Vasyliovych Andriyevsky's
participation in the Ukrainian revolution in 1917-1921 in Chernihiv region is stated. His surname (as the leader of such immigrant organizations as Ukrainian Society
Prosvita, Ukrainian Community, the Union of Ukrainian Organizations in Yogoslavia) is
mentioned in solitary publications about the Ukrainian political immigration in the period between two world wars. The documents and materials of Vasyl Andriyevsky's archiveinvestigation file used by the authors are kept in the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine. They are representational and fill the gap in the issue concerning his participation in the revolutionary events in Chernihiv region in 1917-1921. The main directions of Vasyl Andriyevsky's activities while holding the positions of the commissar in Borzna county and the instructor-organizer of the Ukrainian National Rada in Sosnytsia county are covered.
The attention to Vasyl Andriyevsky's participation in the Ukrainian province (Chernihiv) and county congresses (Borzna, Novgorod-Siversky, Sosnytsia), in relevant Ukrainian committees, in founding the detachments of "Ukrainian free Cossacks" is updated. His work in the institutions that ensured functioning of the Labour Congress in Kyiv is emphasized. Vasyl Andriyevsky's achievements in the field of creative writing and journalism are characterized. The information concerning his publications on the pages of such periodical issues as "Ohni", "Mayak", "Muraveinik" (Kyiv) and "Chernihivska Zemska Hazeta" is mentioned. In the author's opinion the studies of Vasyl Andriyevsky's immigration period, participation in the immigrant unifying movement and literature efforts are promising.


Spectra are presented for SN 1986J in NGC 891, observed 4 and 7 years after the explosion, and SN 1980K, observed 9 years after maximum light. A narrow-line and a broad-line component are noted in SN 1986J; these are respectively attributed to a circumstellar shell and the actual stellar interior (without hydrogen). SN 1980K continues to emit in very broad lines. Comparison with earlier observations suggests that this SN halted its exponential flux decline in the early 1980s, and is currently emitting at a constant rate. In both SNs studies, the identity of the energy source which sustains emission remains uncertain. 89 refs.