Nowadays multitouch techniques are commonly used in various applications. Many digital devices, from large desktop computers to handheld mobile internet devices, are now equipped with touchscreens or touchpads supporting multitouch operations. However, the use of multitouch input in real-world applications have so far been mainly for enhancing navigation and browsing functionalities, for example, browsing of images and maps on a virtual plane or navigating 3D spaces using multitouch supported rotation and zooming operations.


This chapter explores the self-presentation techniques of rebels in the 1916 uprising in Dublin. I use witness accounts, photographs and documents from the period to consider how the rebellion was embodied. As events unfolded on the streets of Dublin, the military strategy of the insurgents altered; they went in and out of uniform as the situation demanded it. But this was not an isolated instance of improvised soldiering. The image of the urban guerrilla warrior that emerged on the streets of Dublin in 1916 later inspired revolutionary groups in other regions, particularly with the rise of separatist militancy in the 1930s.


The application of an inverter is becoming more and more widespread in the surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SMPMSM). A large number of voltage harmonics can be generated by the i...


Identifiers play an important role in source code understandability, maintainability, and fault-proneness. This paper reports a study of identifier renamings in software systems, studying how terms (identifier atomic components) change in source code identifiers. Specifically, the paper (i) proposes a term renaming taxonomy, (ii) presents an approximate lightweight code analysis approach to detect and classify term renamings automatically into the taxonomy dimensions, and (iii) reports an exploratory study of term renamings in two open-source systems, Eclipse-JDT and Tomcat. We thus report evidence that not only synonyms are involved in renamings but also (in a small fraction) more unexpected changes occur: surprisingly, we detected hypernym (a more abstract term, e.g., size vs. length) and hyponym (a more concrete term, e.g., restriction vs. rule) renamings, and antonym renamings (a term replaced with one having the opposite meaning, e.g., closing vs. opening). Despite being only a fraction of all renamings, synonym, hyponym, hypernym, and antonym renamings may hint at some program understanding issues and, thus, could be used in a renamingrecommendation system to improve code quality.


Diseases of the gallbladder are painful and usually associated with the presence of gallstones. However, obstruction of the gallbladder by stones and prevention of the emptying of bile does not wholly explain gallbladder diseases; there may be dysfunction in the sphincter of Oddi or dysmotility of the smooth muscle in the gallbladder. Cholesterol and bile acids in the bile have established effects on gallbladder contractility. Cholesterol alters cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel function but the mechanism(s) of action of bile acids on smooth muscle motility is not well defined.

In this issue of The Journal of Physiology, Lavoie et al. (2010) report one mechanism by which hydrophobic bile salts can alter contractility in gallbladder smooth muscle. The focus is on the signalling pathways downstream of the receptor Gpbar1 (also known as TGR5, M-Bar or GPR131) and the data support an increasing appreciation that the biology of bile is complex and has multiple facets.

The gallbladder develops from the embryonic gastrointestinal tract and retains the morphology of the intestinal wall with serosal, muscular and mucosal layers. Emptying of bile from the gallbladder is primarily activated post-prandially by the hormone CCK but motility is also regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal inputs. Furthermore, interstitial cells of Cajal, cells that generate pacemaker potentials and amplify neuronal signalling in other regions of the gut, are also present in the muscle layers of the gallbladder. These several cell types contribute to complex mechanisms for regulating gallbladder motility.

The formation of bile and cycling of bile acids through the liver, intestines and portal circulation serve the purposes of clearing lipid soluble toxins and aiding absorption of dietary lipids and fat soluble nutrients. This homeostatic regulation of bile is due to signalling pathways that alter gastrointestinal motility, nutrient absorption and cholangiocyte function. In addition bile acids play a role in the handling of nutrients once they are absorbed including effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Bile acids activate Gpbar1 receptors on the plasma membrane and the farnesoid X and pregnane X receptors, which are intracellular proteins coupled to gene transcription. Both types of receptor are expressed throughout the body but the levels are highest in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and gallbladder, consistent with regulating bile salt homeostasis.

Epithelial cells in the mucosa of the gallbladder express the highest levels of Gpbar1 receptors in the body and functional studies have shown that Gpbar1 is coupled to the GαS heterotrimeric G protein. Thus activation of Gpbar1 leads to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. Mice homozygous for gene-targeted knockout of Gpbar1 expression do not produce gallstones when on a lithogenic diet and there are alterations in insulin sensitivity (Vassileva et al. 2010).

A role of Gpbar1 in smooth muscle of the gallbladder had not been described. However in their present paper, Lavoie et al. (2010) show that Gpbar1 mRNA and protein can be detected in the muscle layer of the gallbladder. In physiological studies, gallbladder smooth muscle cells respond to hydrophobic bile acid (agonists for Gpbar1) with a decrease in contractility, inhibition of spontaneous action potentials and suppression of transient rises in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. These effects for Gpbar1 activation are very similar to the effects reported by the same group (Zhang et al. 1994) of treatments that elevated intracellular cAMP in gallbladder smooth muscle.

Careful testing using compounds that block cAMP-dependent signalling and ATP-dependent K+ channels confirms that Gpbar1 activation reduces gallbladder smooth muscle contractility in the same way as other GαS coupled receptors. Furthermore, there is no effect of hydrophobic bile acids on smooth muscle from Gpbar1 knockout mice whereas compounds that directly activate cAMP signalling do reduce the frequency of transient rises in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the smooth muscle from knockout mice.

This study shows that Gpbar1 activation alters gallbladder motility by an effect on the smooth muscle cells. The ligand selectivity of the receptor has been determined and several groups have investigated the potential role of Gpbar1 activation in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. A synthetic agonist is available. The existence of at least one single nucleotide polymorphism in the Gpbar1 gene and the resistance of Gpbar1 mice to gallstone development raise the possibility that alterations in the function of the protein might lead to gallbladder and other diseases.

It is worth noting that Gpbar1 is not responsive to all bile acids and that activation of other signalling pathways or even other bile acid receptors might contribute to the function of gallbladder smooth muscle. Farnesoid X receptors have been identified in vascular smooth muscle and were found to be coupled to proliferation and survival of smooth muscle cells (Bishop-Bailey et al. 2004). Bile acids are also reported to modulate large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels by direct modulation of the channel protein (Dopico et al. 2002). Effects of Gpbar1 activation that are independent of changes in contractility and which might have longer term effects on gallbladder function are predicted based on the robust coupling of cAMP levels to gene transcription in other cells.

Finally, the concept that an inbalance of the four humours was the cause of all disease was favoured by physicians ever since the time of Hippocrates. Given that so much recent research has found broad and significant effects of bile acids throughout the body, perhaps modern medicine is finding that there is a contribution of yellow bile to the human condition after all.


"During the last five decades, the world has witnessed tremendous growth in the military aircraft technology and the air defence weapons technology. Use of manned aircraft for routine reconnaissance/surveillance missions has become a less preferred option due to possible high attrition rate. Currently, the high political cost of human life has practically earmarked the roles of reconnaissance and surveillance missions to the unmanned air vehicles (UAVs). Almost every major country has a UAV program of its own and this interest has spawned intensive research in the field of UAVs. Presently, the UAVs come in all shapes and sizes, from palm top micro UAVs to giant strategic UAVs that can loiter over targets for extended periods of time. Though UAVs are capable of operating at different levels of autonomy, these are generally controlled from a ground control station (GCS). The GCS is the nerve centre of activity during UAV missions and provides necessary capability to plan and execute UAV missions. The GCS incorporates facilities, such as communication, displays, mission planning and data exploitation. The GCS architecture is highly processor-oriented and hence the computer hardware and software technologies play a major role in the realisation of this vital system. This paper gives an overview of the GCS, its architecture and the current state-of-the-art in various subsystem technologies.


The invention provides a heat insulation control method and device for a heat pump water heater and a heat pump water heater. The heat insulation control method comprises the following steps: acquiring the current water temperature T5 inside a water tank; comparing the current water temperature T5 inside the water tank with an acceptable temperature value TL, and when the current water temperature T5 inside the water tank is smaller than the acceptable temperature value TL, judging whether the start-up condition of a heat pump mainframe is satisfied, if yes, starting up the heat pump mainframe to heat water in the water tank, and if no, judging whether the start-up condition of an auxiliary electric heater is satisfied, if yes, starting up the auxiliary electric heater to heat water in the water tank. The heat insulation control method for the heat pump water heater can prevent frequent start and stop of the auxiliary electric heater, so that the service life of the auxiliary electric heater is prolonged; frequent starting of multiple auxiliary electric heaters is also avoided; under the premise of not influencing normal use of other electric appliances of users, water comfort degree is guaranteed for the users and the use cost is lowered.


For a country as steeped in tradition as Vietnam the debut of the countrys first condom vending machine in Hanois Lan Chin Beer Garden several months ago was a major media event. Approving socially-marketed condoms marks a major shift for the communist government which must approve all forms of reproductive health methods and messaging. And it is one of many signs that Vietnams government is waking up to the knowledge that HIV/AIDS has swept from traditionally high-risk groups to threaten its mainstream population. Crude street signs dotting the roads in Hanois Old Quarter show scare-tactic cartoons of a skull naked woman and the words HIV – attesting to the long-standing perception that AIDS is both a contributor to and result of social evils like commercial sex work and drug addiction. But increasingly the nation is liberalizing its attitude towards sexual education and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). There also have been increasing signs of top-level political commitment to face the countrys growing epidemic. In August Vietnamese President Tan Duc Luong met with several infected patients at Bach Mai Hospital and was quoted as saying "All of us should have a correct attitude and not discriminate against HIV/AIDS carriers." (excerpt)


In order to have the safety partition to the coal mining in a seam under unconsolidated aquifer,based on the GIS,the safety evaluation method of the coal mining in the seam under the unconsolidated aquifer was applied to study the major influence factors of the coal mining under the unconsolidated aquifer in No.6 South Mining Block of a coal mine.With the statistics on the mining block information with the similar engineering geological conditions,the mathematical method of the entropy method was applied to determine the weight of each factor.The GIS multi element information space analysis technology was applied to the partition of the feasibility for the safety mining of No.6 South Mining Block.The results showed that No.01 coal mining face in the safety mineable area of area Ⅰ in No.6 South Mining Block could have a safety mining.In the actual mining process,the roof of the coal mining face was normally fallen,the water inrush from the roof of the coal mining face was 0~6 m3/h generally and there was no water inrush or quicksand accident occurred.


Quasi-steady-state photoconductance measurements and Suns-photoluminescence are useful techniques in predicting the electrical terminal characteristics of partially finished solar cells in contactless mode even prior to the junction formation. In both techniques, a measured average minority carrier density in the bulk is correlated with the carrier density at the edge of the junction and thereby with an implied voltage. This paper discusses experimental artifacts in such experiments that can be caused by the diffusion-limited effective minority carrier lifetime. Here these effects are discussed theoretically and demonstrated experimentally in relation to the Suns-photoluminescence technique only, because the range of implied voltages that is affected is generally not accessible via photoconductance measurements. A simple technique is proposed to correct the curves and increase the range of voltages measured accurately by the Suns-photoluminescence technique. It is concluded that the influence of diffusion...


We studied and analyzed the material,structure and properties of the abrasive block imported from Japanese.Combining with the requirements of"Technical requirements of the abrasive block in the bogie of EMU",and selecting hook and plate,we studied the wear plate on material and process.The abrasive block developed was used in the EMU,and the experimental results show that it can meet the EMU using.


Today's society is facing challenges such as disease, poverty and environmental degradation. Especially in 2020, the rampage of COVID-19 has caused serious harm to human society. The advancement of society requires not only entrepreneurs to take action to solve social problems, but also the motivation to do so. Thus, prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs has gradually become a hot topic in the field of entrepreneurship. Prior studies have highlighted the importance of entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation and achieved certain results. However, there are few research results in the context of China, and there is also a lack of a systematic review of this topic, which is not conducive to further research. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of related literature, including the definition, category, measurement, antecedents, and results of prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is not only to review the existent research, but also to attract the attention of scholars for entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation. To begin with, this paper illustrates the definition, category and measurement of entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation. Specifically, prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs refers to entrepreneurs' desire to work hard for the well-being of others during the entrepreneurial process, whose category includes altruism, empathy, compassion, etc. Researchers mainly use Grant's mature scale or design their own measuring tools to measure entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation. Secondly, we summarize the influencing factors of entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation including gender, previous social issues experience, mindfulness, etc. Then, this paper sums up the influencing results of entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation. At the individual level, entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation makes a significant effect on entrepreneurs' social entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, entrepreneurial decision-making, subjective well-being, and personal growth of entrepreneurs. At the enterprise level, entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation can influence the establishment of a new enterprise, and once the enterprise established, it is conducive to the development and corporate social responsibility behaviors of the enterprise. In addition, with the deepening of research, scholars explain the mechanism between entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation and their influencing results from cognitive and affective processes and self-determination theory. Finally, we propose future research needs to further explore the following aspects: (1) The measurement and research methods of entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation; (2) The influencing factors of entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation; (3) The impact of entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation and its mechanism; (4) The interaction between entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation and other related motivations; (5) The prosocial motivation and comparative analysis of different groups. In general, the prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs is an important research topic which is in the growing period. This paper reviews the existing researches on the prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs, focusing on the three major questions of "what is the prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs, what are the causes and effects, and what else should we pay attention to in the future". By answering the above questions, we present a clear and complete research framework, which is helpful to deepen the understanding of entrepreneurs' prosocial motivation, and provide inspiration for interdisciplinary entrepreneurship research and entrepreneurship practice.


14.00 In our country the definition of the institutional landmarks related to the civil servants preceded that related to the workers in general. The purpose of this paper was to analyze some of the most important constitutional steps in the evolution of the federal civil service, and to call attention to the need to take advantage of the National Constituent Assembly in order to introduce in the new COl1stitution up-to-dated rules concerning the civil service in general. Among the issues that are acknowledged as being advances, although cautiously examined by the constituents, are the freedom of association and for strike for the civil servants and the universalization of the merit system in the public service as well. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Elevated levels of oxidative stress (OxS) may be associated with respiratory diseases. We tested the distribution of biomarkers of OxS in subjects with current, past asthma and chronic bronchitis (CB) in respect to subjects free of respiratory diseases. The data were collected in the Genes Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases, multicase-control survey. Urine biomarkers 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-29-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-isoprostane, as well as Fraction of exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO)were determined over the cases of current asthma (n=374), past asthma (n=177), CB (n=188) and the controls (n=476). The association of respiratory diseases with OxS biomarkers was investigated with logistic regression analysis adjusting for sex, age and centre. As compared with controls, subjects with current asthma had significantly higher levels of FeNO, patients with past asthma and CB had increased level of urinary 8-isoprostane.
 These results were confirmed by the logistic regression with significantly higher level of FeNO in patients with current asthma (p Increased levels of FeNO were found in asthma patients and of 8-isoprostane in subjects with past asthma and in those with CB.


This paper presents a novel climbing robot that explores 3-D truss structures for maintenance and inspection tasks. The robot is biped and has a hybrid serial-parallel architecture since each leg is composed of two parallel mechanisms connected in series. First, the forward kinematic problem of the complete robot is solved, obtaining the relative position and orientation between the feet in terms of the ten joint coordinates of the robot. The inverse kinematics is more complex due to the redundancy of the robot. Hence, a simplified inverse kinematic problem that assumes planar and symmetric movements is analyzed. Then, a tool to simulate the kinematics of the robot is presented, and it is used to demonstrate that the robot can completely explore 3-D structures, even when some movements are restricted to be planar and symmetric.


In this paper we give a method to obtain initial guess of clusters of zeros of an analytic function f(z) in a bounded region. The problem to find clusters of zeros located in the unit circle can be reduced to a kind of moment problem by using the FFT for f'(z)/f(z). By applying the extended Euclidean algorithm to this problem we determine the location of clusters.


Landmark detection in hip X-ray images plays a critical role in diagnosis of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) and surgeries of Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). Regression and heatmap techniques of convolution network could obtain reasonable results. However, they have limitations in either robustness or precision given the complexities and intensity inhomogeneities of hip X-ray images. In this paper, we propose a Wave-like Cascade Segmentation Network (WaveCSN) to improve the accuracy of landmark detection by transforming landmark detection into area segmentation. The WaveCSN consists of three basic sub-networks and each sub-network is composed of a U-net module, an indicate module and a max-MSER module. The U-net undertakes the task to generate masks, and the indicate module is trained to distinguish the masks and ground truth. The U-net and indicate module are trained in turns, in which process the generated masks are supervised to be more and more alike to the ground truth. The max-MSER module ensures landmarks can be extracted from the generated masks precisely. We present two professional datasets (DDH and THA) for the first time and evaluate the WaveCSN on them. Our results prove that the WaveCSN can improve 2.66 and 4.11 pixels at least on these two datasets compared to other methods, and achieves the state-of-the-art for landmark detection in hip X-ray images.


Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni-C samples with deformations from 2 to 20% were investigated using positron annihilation spectroscopy, optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Both Doppler broadening of the annihilation radiation (DBAR) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) measurements were performed. The DBAR experiments, carried out using a slow positron beam, indicate a sudden increase in the defect concentration in between 4 and 6% deformation. This is confirmed by the lifetime measurements. In between 6% and 8% deformation the lineshape parameter significantly changes which coincides with the drastic increase of the concentration of the martensite phase as confirmed by XRD. Positron annihilation spectroscopy indirectly probe the gamma/epsilon martensitic phase transformation by probing correlated dislocations.


We studied attendance patterns (presence and absence at breeding sites) of common murres (Uria aalge) and thick-billed murres (U. lomvia) at a colony in the Semidi Islands, western Gulf of Alaska. The period from mid-laying through hatching was appropriate for censusing because counts were subject to the least amount of daily variation. Time of day and weather did not have large effects on the counts and serial dependence was weak or absent. A trend in murre numbers during the census period occurred in 2 of 4 years but the direction of change was inconsistent. Counts made on 40 consecutive days were needed to detect a 6-8% change in numbers between years, whereas 5 counts were adequate to detect a 20-26% change in numbers. Annual changes in murre numbers varied among study plots but mean combined counts differed by 6-16% between years. Behavioral differences alone were inadequate to explain the annual variation in plot counts because site occupancy rates of individual murres were relatively constant. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 53(2):483-493 Common murres and thick-billed murres are abundant and widely distributed seabirds in temperate to high latitude regions of the northern hemisphere. Their colonies are often large (>10,000 birds), but the species are vulnerable to human disturbance, pollution, drowning in fish nets, and competition with commercial fisheries (Vermeer 1976, Nettleship 1977, Birkhead and Nettleship 1980). Consequently, there has been considerable effort to develop techniques and establish long-term programs for monitoring populations of murres (e.g., Wanless et al. 1982, Murphy et al. 1986, Rothery et al. 1988). Murres often occur in dense aggregations of breeding and nonbreeding birds, and breeding pairs do not build nests. Censuses are usually based on repeated counts of individuals, but variation within seasons can obscure the annual differences that are of primary interest for population monitoring. Furthermore, annual differences in colony attendance may arise from factors other than a change in population size. Our objective was to examine temporal and spatial components of variation in colony attendance at an Alaskan colony, the effects of weather, and site occupancy by murres of known breeding status. We apply the results to questions about sampling design (timing, location, and no. counts) and to the interpretation of apparent changes in population size. We thank L. A. Terwilliger and M. R. North for help with the field work in 1986, and G. V. Byrd, D. K. Cairns, D. Heinemann, P. D. Martin, D. N. Nettleship, and J. F. Piatt for critically reading the manuscript. Field work was funded in part by the Alaskan Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP), administered by the Bureau of Land Management and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. STUDY AREA AND METHODS The study was conducted on the Semidi Islands (560N, 1560W), a remote archipelago of 9 islands in the western Gulf of Alaska. An estimated 1.1 million murres bred on the islands (Hatch and Hatch 1983). The primary area we observed was a 2-km expanse of 50-200-m cliffs on the west side of Chowiet Island, the largest island in the group (1,300 ha). Birkhead and Nettleship (1980) defined 2 possible approaches to monitoring populations of murres. Type I methods entail frequent, timeconsuming observations on study plots throughout the breeding cycle, from which the number of breeding pairs/plot and fate of all eggs and hatchlings is known. Type II methods involve replicate counts of the number of birds/plot and provide an index of population size over the period of observation. A Type II approach is always less time-consuming than a Type I study, but it provides no information on the breeding status or activity patterns of individual birds that 'Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508.


Quantitative genetics has long been viewed as a mere tool for solving the problems of tree breeding. However, this view has been challenged by current development of molecular technologies. The development of molecular genetics applied to plant breeding includes two major steps. The first step is the identification of important genetic loci (quantitative trait loci or QTLs)that affect the expression of a quantitative trait using DNA polymorphism markers and the second is the incorporation of the QTLs of interest into commercial populations through genetic manipulation or marker assisted selection strategies. During the past several years, a number of genetic linkage maps based on DNA markers have been constructed in different forest tree species and many QTLs controlling growth, morphology, physiology, and wood properties have been identified. It now turns out to develop efficient breeding strategies for utilizing these QTLs detected to increase genetic gains in operational forestry. In this review, we discuss the fundamental principles of quantitative genetics applied to tree breeding, followed by the strategies for using molecular markers to improve quantitative traits. When a small number of QTLs are targeted, a backcrossing strategy is an efficient way to transfer target genes into recipient species or populations. This strategy can also efficiently remove those undesirable genes that are linked or unlinked with the target genes. The index selection strategy combining both phenotypic and molecular information can be very efficient for improving quantitative traits in which many QTLs are involved. The influences of the index selection strategy on breeding efficiency are discussed.


Multi-port inversed matrix method is a universal parallel method for solving linear equations, which modifies only several parts from serial method, and is especial fit for rebuilding parallel program from serial one. The method has been used for some power system parallel analysis method, such as electromechanical transient stability analysis and small signal stability, and the parallel efficiency is high. Based on the Multi-port inversed matrix method, a parallel Newton power flow algorithm is presented in this paper. Simulation results on a large inter-connected system with several network division modes show that the proposed algorithm is correct and more efficient on parallel process.


There were times when a site attracted users, no matter how bad it worked or how bad it looked. The technology was new and users ignored how the site looked like. Today, everything is different, corporate web sites are often their face to the public. The first thing that a potential customer will get in contact with when they are searching for information on various services and products is the corporate Web site. And the fact is, in today's business world, all companies want to show the best face to the public. That is why the most companies are putting a lot of effort to make its site more appealing.


The utility model relates to an air column buffering structure. The air column buffering structure comprises a cushion film and air columns on the cushion film; the air columns and the cushion film are connected through hot pressing belts; end portions of the air columns are provided with air valves. The air column buffering structure is characterized in that the plurality of air columns are uniformly arranged on the cushion film in an interval mode; a plurality of bending lines are arranged on the cushion film in an interval mode in the breadth direction of the cushion film; a plurality of cutting lines are arranged on the cushion film in an interval mode in the length direction of the cushion film; marking layers are arranged on the air valves which are arranged on end portions of the cutting lines. The air column buffering structure has the advantages of improving generality and maneuvering performance due to the facts that the interval type cutting lines are arranged on the cushion film, the cushion film and an integral rolling film are easy to tear, and the cushion film in different height can be selected according to the size of products; enabling packaging of being packaged materials to be convenient and being simple in operation due to the fact that the interval type bending lines are arranged on the cushion film; enabling identification to be easy and being easy to estimate the length of the cushion film and convenient to operate due to the fact that the marking layers are arranged on the air valves.


Non‐syndromic craniosynostosis is multifactorial, and fetal head constraint has been hypothesized as one factor thought to play a role. Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a large multi‐site case–control study of birth defects, were used to evaluate associations between four selected factors related to fetal constraint and craniosynostosis: plurality (twins or higher), macrosomia (birth weight >4,000 g), post‐term gestational age (≥42 weeks), and nulliparity (no previous live births). Case infants (n = 675) had craniosynostosis documented either by radiographic evidence or by surgical intervention. Infants with a recognized or strongly suspected single‐gene conditions or chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. Control infants (n = 5,958) had no major birth defects and were randomly selected from the same population as case infants. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for the association between these four factors and craniosynostosis, while adjusting for several covariates. We found that plurality and nulliparity were associated with a twofold increased risk for metopic craniosynostosis, and macrosomia had almost twice the risk of developing coronal craniosynostosis. Contrary to our hypothesis, prematurity and low birth weight were also associated with craniosynostosis. In conclusion, these four constraint‐related factors were not found to be associated with craniosynostosis when all suture types were combined, though some types of craniosynostosis were associated with individual constraint‐related factors. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This is a chronological description of the activities of the Graduate Research Center of the Southwest/Southwest Center for Advanced Studies for 1965, written by Alfred T. (Al) Mitchell.


This paper discussed the operating principle of the low light level night vision system,research on optical system of low light level night vision objective system.According to the theoretical calculation of the lens parameters specific to night vision system,lens parameters are designed to meet the demand,used software of optical design with ZEMAX,so as to achieve good results of correction aberration optical system.


In this article is dealing with the problem of choregraphy Art influence on social development of people in the society of information. Is also renewed the contents of socialization of person through image of choregraphy. Are uncovered the specific peculiarities of image of choregraphy which contribute formation at the spectator of insight into the social image of the human being of XXI century. Are shown the ways of development of socialization of youth students in institution of highers education.


Contents: Epihipus From the Vieja Group, Trans-Pecos Texas -- Mesohippus From the Vieja Group, Trans-Pecos Texas -- Comparison of Populations of Mesohippus from Trans-Pecos Texas and the Big Badlands, South Dakota


A privacy protection mechanism based on information mixing is proposed.The principle of privacy-buddy mechanism is mixing private information in the entire social network,but not the encryption of private information,which allows private information to be spread in a ring-like way.The mechanism works in a decentralized way and does not need centralized trusted third-party server.Users protect their privacy through collaboration.A version of PB on renren.com as a Firefox extension is implemented.This version provides evidence for feasibility and availability of the core mechanism.Our mechanism can ensure the interests of multiple aspects: users demanding privacy protection,advertisers and authorized users or third-party applications requiring access to private information.


A teaching method of integration-to-concretion for Input/Output interfacing chips based on the epistemological general theory is introduced to challenge the traditional teaching method,which mades students lack the comprehensive understand about microcomputer theory and interfacing technique.Our teaching practices show that the new method has the advantange in improving the students' comprehensive ability and teaching quality.


The paper introduces the communication protocol of FX series PLC. The problem how to utilize wireless communication between two PLC in the cleaning robot is studied in deeply. A resolvent has been put forward according to the question occurred during experiment. It has been proved that the resolvent has high reliability and meets the requirement of use in practice.


The aim of this study was to investigate prediction of stem measurements of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.) for a modern computerized forest harvester. We are interested in the prediction of stem curve measurements when measurements of stems already processed and a short section of the stem under process are known. The techniques presented here are based on cubic smoothing splines and on multivariate regression models. One advantage of these methods is that they do not assume any special functional form of the stem curve. They can also be applied to the prediction of branch limits and stem height of pine stems.


Recent studies using focused ultrasound (FUS) have shown significant progress in the realm of brain applications. These transcranial exposures include localized ablation for the treatment of movement disorders and opening of the blood brain barrier to enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents. Whereas these procedures require expensive, MRI-guided systems, one of the newest and most promising applications of FUS being developed involves more portable, hand-held devices for the purpose of neuromodulation. Here, we describe the development of table-top FUS system comprised of a single element FUS transducer (400—600 kHz) specifically for investigations on the stimulation and suppression of neuronal activity in rodents. The transducer assembly includes a cone and extending flexible bolus filled with degassed water for direct coupling to the head of the animals. A custom 3D stage and two diametrically opposed lasers allow for accurate positioning and targeting. Experiments included simulations of the acousti...


A rich group of fluid mechanical problems are suggested in the classical Chinese books Nei Jing and Mai Jing. In this article the methods of pulse wave palpation described in these books are briefly explained, and an attempt to understand some of their statements is presented.


A SHORT SURVEY IS PRESENTED OF HIGHWAY PLANNING ACTIVITY IN WISCONSIN. THREE REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSIONS ARE NOW ACTIVE, WITH TWO OTHER REGIONS HAVING FORMALLY PETITIONED THE GOVERNOR TO CREATE SUCH COMMISSIONS. THE STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION CREATED AN OFFICE OF URBAN PLANNING WHICH WORKS CLOSELY WITH THE RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT OFFICE ON COMMUNITY PLANNING PROGRAMS AND WITH VARIOUS REGIONAL PLANNING STAFFS. THIS CONFERENCE'S NEW STATEWIDE PLANNING PROGRAM RECOGNIZES THE NON-DISPARATE QUALITY OF THE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO PLANNING. IN ADDITION TO THE MOVEMENTS OF PEOPLE, OTHER THINGS BEING CONSIDERED IN WISCONSIN'S PROGRAM INCLUDE: (1) AN IDENTIFICATION OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT TRENDS IN TRANSPORTATION, (2) AN EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORTATION, (3) A DETERMINATION OF THE SPECIAL AND UNIQUE PROBLEMS WITH WHICH THE STATE IS FACED IN RESPECT TO TRANSPORTATION, AND (4) AN EVALUATION OF THE ADVANTAGES THAT WISCONSIN HAS IN THIS FIELD. AN INTEGRATED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS DESIGN APPROACH IS BEING TAKEN BY THE LARGEST REGIONAL PLANNING AREA IN WISCONSIN, WHICH CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING: (1) RELATING TRIP GENERATION DIRECTLY TO LAND USE, (2) ESTABLISHING THE FUTURE LAND USE PATTERN OF THE AREA FOR WHICH THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IS BEING PLANNED, (3) ESTABLISHING TOTAL TRIP GENERATION FOR THE DESIGN YEAR USING THE PREVIOUSLY ESTABLISHED TRIP GENERATION FACTORS AND FUTURE LAND USE PATTERNS, (4) CONVERTING TRIP GENERATION TO TRAVEL PATTERN BY MEANS OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL EXPRESSING ZONAL INTERCHANGE, AND (5) DEVELOPING A PLANNED NET-WORK OF FACILITIES TO SERVE THE VOLUMES AND LOCATIONS OF THESE SYNTHESIZED TRAVEL DEMANDS. THE NEED TO LAUNCH VIGOROUS PROGRAMS OF STATE PLANNING COMES BECAUSE OF THE MASSIVE TRANSITION IN: (1) A SHIFT FROM AN AGRICULTURAL TO AN INDUSTRIAL BASE, (2) A GROWING POPULATION, AND (3) RAPIDLY MOUNTING PRESSURES ON PUBLIC FACILITIES.


In the context of the classical Kaluza–Klein cosmology the generalized Bianchi models in 11 dimensions are considered. These are space‐times whose spacelike ten‐dimensional sections are the hypersurfaces of transitivity for a ten‐dimensional isometry group of the total space‐time. Such a space‐time is a trivial principal fiber bundle P(M,G7), where M is a four‐dimensional physical space‐time with an isometry group G3 (of a Bianchi type) and G7 is a compact isometry group of the compact internal space. The isometry group of P is G10=G3⊗G7, hence all the generalized Bianchi models are classified by enumerating the relevant groups G7. Due to the compactness of G7 the result is astonishingly simple: there are three distinct homogeneous internal spaces in addition to the 11 ordinary Bianchi types for M.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to select a native isolate of Arthrobotrys thaumasia (Monacrosporium thaumasium), a nematophagous fungus that shows potential for use in biocontrol programmes for ruminants. First, we looked for native isolates of A. thaumasia and characterised them using light microscopy and molecular markers. Then, we determined the effect of temperature, pH and nutrition on the growth rate and trap formation of a representative isolate. Of the 1532 samples of different types related to sheep and cattle, 11 isolates of A. thaumasia were isolated, and their occurrence frequency in the samples was 0.71% (11/1532). We sequenced the rDNA internal transcribed spacer of isolate NBS005, submitted it to GenBank (ID: KX640093) and then sequenced it using BLAST. The NBS005 could not grow at 37.5°C but could grow from 11°C to 35°C, and it exhibited its optimum growth at 30°C on 1% corn meal agar (CMA). Over 4 days, the fungus did not grow in the pH interval from 1 to 3 or from 13 to 14 but did grow in the pH interval from 4 to 12 and exhibited its optimum growth between pH 9 and 10 on 2% CMA. The factors responsible for the trap formation of NBS005 in liquid culture were identified. Trap formation was induced only by contact with L3 lysate. The concentrations of sucrose, ammonium chloride and tryptone of 0.4, 0.2 and 0.2%, respectively, promoted trap formation, and there were higher numbers of trapping nets in 2% wheat bran liquid medium containing L3 lysate.


Typhoons are extreme weather events that cause serious social and economic losses in coastal and estuarine areas worldwide. Understanding the impact of typhoons on sediment dynamics is essential for protecting coastal areas from these marine disasters. Hangzhou Bay is macro-tidal, turbid, and frequently affected by strong typhoons. In this study, we established and validated a three-dimensional model coupling waves, current, and sediment to investigate the sediment dynamics in Hangzhou Bay during Typhoon Chan-hom. The results showed that high suspended sediment concentration (SSC) areas during the typhoon were mainly located at the bay head and near the southern shore near the Andong tidal flat. The maximum bottom SSC was at least twice that near the surface. The peak bottom SSC values at the peak flood (6 g/L) were larger than those at the peak ebb (5 g/L) owing to the stronger current velocity at peak flood. The SSC near the northern shore was larger at the peak flood than at other times, and the SSC was high at the southern shore at peak ebb at the cross-section near the Andong tidal flat. The typhoon impacted SSC by changing the bottom stress. SSC was most influenced by wave action, followed by wind stress action, and was least influenced by air pressure action, which contributed 71.3%, 69.9%, and 1.8% to the bottom stress, respectively. Our findings are scientifically important for research on geomorphological evolution and are practically meaningful for coastal management.


The instability of solidification process occurring under the cooling of a metal melt is shown to be able to initiate short‐wave periodical structures on the surface provided the impurity concentration in the melt is sufficiently high. The experiments were carried out using titanium (plus yttrium) and copper (plus tin) targets melted by means of an ion beam. The mechanism of this phenomenon is associated with the solidification front instability caused by the constitutional supercooling of the liquid phase due to the impurities forced out into the latter under front motion. A dispersion equation for the solidification waves on the interphase boundary is derived for the thin melt case, its solutions are investigated as functions of the impurity concentration and heat transfer regime. The calculated values of the structure periods and excitation criteria are in good accordance with the experimental data. In our opinion, the short‐wave structures occurring on the solidified surface of liquid metal ion source...


Solving reproductive problems of postpartum dairy cows has become one of the main targets of the scientific community even though the advances in this field are partial in most of the conducted research. There is a need to approach the problem with a multidisciplinary strategy that simultaneously includes nutritional and reproductive issues. Increasing the availability of glucogenic and lipogenic nutrients during the transition period has been hypothesised to improve energy balance and to decrease the incidence and severity of metabolic and reproductive disorders in early lactation. Based on the considerations mentioned above, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of a glucogenic or a lipogenic diet on blood metabolites and follicular dynamics in primiparous dairy cows during the transition period. Forty primiparous dairy cows received a lipogenic or glucogenic supplement during the transition period and were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments [control; calcium salts of soybean fatty acids (CaS), Megalac-E; toasted soybean; and propylene glycol]. Diets were isocaloric and isoproteic. Blood samples were taken from each animal 10 and 5 days before the expected calving date and at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 postpartum. Ultrasound scanning was performed in all cows on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday up to day 45 postpartum. Follicles registered during ultrasound examination were classified in 4 categories: class I (3–5 mm), class II (6–9 mm), class III (10–15 mm), and class IV (>15 mm). Data analysis was performed using PROC GLM (SAS, 6.12, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, 1995). Metabolites and ovarian activity were analysed using a split-plot design. Pairwise comparisons of individual means were carried out using the Scott Knott and Duncan test. Values of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Insulin and glucose concentrations were higher in the CaS group when compared with other treatments (P < 0.05). The lowest insulin and glucose concentrations were observed on cows supplemented with propylene glycol. Nonesterified fatty acid concentrations (NEFA) were lower for all treatments compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The most efficient follicular growth pattern during the postpartum period was observed in the CaS group, which was characterised by a reduction in the number of class I and II follicles and an increase in class III and IV throughout the trial. In general, smaller follicles go through recruitment and selection processes to bigger follicles and these follicles probably remain stable due to the fact that this particular follicular class represents a transitory phase in which there are always follicles going under the processes of selection and dominance. Overall, results suggest that calcium salts of soybean fatty acids reduced the dramatic metabolic and endocrine changes of primiparous dairy cows during transition period, which could be associated with better reproductive performance. This work was supported by the FAPEMIG (Grant CVZ 600/06).


Scotland's development of what David Hume termed the 'science of man', an empirical scientific investigation of human nature, was the country's greatest contribution to the wider Enlightenment. In this paper the science of man is defined, and its Scottish dimension is articulated. Four case studies are then presented, Adam Smith's concept of sympathy, Adam Ferguson's concept of the state of nature, Thomas Reid's concept of common sense, and finally Ferguson's practical political reply, in his 'Reflections previous to the establishment of a militia', (1756), to the Westminster parliament's defeat of the Scotch Militia Bill. It is argued that Ferguson's 'Reflections' constitutes a significant contribution to the Sccottish 'science of man' project.


ABSTRACT Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is used to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen used by microbial oxidation of organic content. BOD is a parameter describing the quality of water, especially its extent of pollution. Water from wastewater treatment plants have high BOD values and as such require to be treated. For this purpose, BOD is used as an indicator in determining the quality of water being discharged. The standard method for measuring BOD is a 5-day process. Dilution of sample, constant pH and nutrient content besides temperature of 20°C and dark area are required for correct results. High levels of nitrogen compounds yield false BOD results. Winkler titration, which is also used to measure DO (as part of BOD measurement), is a chemical-intensive process. Hence an automatic prediction model for BOD is required for accurate, cost-effective and time-saving measurement. Based on data available for BOD measurements, the present study focuses on devising a prediction model for BOD using ensemble techniques in data mining. A correlation coefficient of 0.9541 and a root mean-squared error of 0.4679 were obtained for the proposed BOD prediction model on river water quality data. Comparative analysis of the proposed model with existing models built for the same data set was also performed.


Abstract Existing accounts of the US–Cuba Thaw correctly identify the decisiveness of Latin American states in pushing the 2014 change in US policy towards Cuba. Problematically, however, these accounts overlook a range of regional integration projects pursued by Latin American states that prove pivotal in ascertaining the central dynamics of the region in shaping the Thaw. This article argues that these regional integration projects are imperative to understanding how Latin American states were able to alter US policy towards Cuba, for three reasons. First, these initiatives, and Cuba's role in these projects, are central to understanding why Cuba came to be a unanimously 'regional' issue for Latin American states of all political persuasions; second, the challenges to US dominance in the region provided by these integration projects were ultimately what gave Latin American states their teeth in pushing the Obama administration to reconsider its policy towards Cuba; and third, a consideration of this broader regional context more thoroughly illustrates the strategic nature of the change in policy towards Cuba as an attempt by the US to salvage its ability to influence regional affairs in response to these integration initiatives that excluded it from the region's architecture.


The authors have compiled some of the existing work to illustrate stress interpretation in finite element (FE) analysis and to show the errors in the calculation of stresses at nodes by some FE programs. Although the paper advises potential finite element users that not all FE programs offer the same accuracy, the examples and discussions in the paper indicate that some points are still misunderstood or could be mis- leading. No finite element program can replace the engineering judgement of an experienced engineer. Therefore any com- mercial FE program must not be used as a black box for structural analysis. Behind the finite element method, a lot of subtleties exist that every engineer using FE programs should understand. It is true that some dramatic failures of large structures, presumably designed with the aid of the FE method, occurred (Burnett 1987). Burnett wrote in his text- book the following comment which describes exactly what the discussers think about FE programs: "One cannot simply pick up a user's manual to any commercial FE program and, lacking an understanding of basic FE concepts, expect to generate a solution to an engineering problem that is mean- ingful, reliable, and whose accuracy has been estimated and judged to be acceptable. Someone working on the problem must have this understanding, or else the project is likely to be a failure rather than a success." In the following, the main aspects treated in the paper are discussed.


We address issues related to whom new ventures hire as a function of their pace of growth. Our results are based on a study of over 360,000 hiring decisions among Swedish new ventures between 2007 and 2013. In order to study whether the recruitment decision is dependent on the growth rate, we divide growing firms into five categories based on their sales growth rate over a three-year interval. We find a unique pattern of new venture hiring practices that differ along the growth rate distribution, including stark contrasts between the fastest-growing and slow growth firms. Implications for theorizing and empirical examinations of growth firms are discussed.


Nearly 15 thousand Polish prisoners-of-war were concentrated by Soviets in three main camps in Kozielsk, Starobielsk and Ostaszków. Among their number were about 300 persons connected with Sieradz region through place of service, birth or residence. By decision of the Political Bureau of the USSR of 5 March 1940, NKWD functionaries killed no less than 21 768 Polish citiens. Victims of this crime were buried in collective graves in Katyn near Smolensk, Miednoje near Twer, or Piatichatki in the suburb of Charkov. Five of the victims are linked to Szadek (three through place of birth and two through place of residence and work): Wojciech Patora, Władysław Franciszek Piekielny, Piotr Werecki, Stanisław Ludwisiak and Jan Lizjusz. The text includes their short profiles.


In this paper we summarize some work in progress on both the statistical characteristics of the near wall turbulent flow in a channel and on the underlying characteristics of the vorticity field, or three -dimensional, 'coherent', structures. The work is based on an analysis of a DNS data base provided by Moser et al for channel flows at relatively h igh Re ynolds numbers, up to Re �=950. Emphasis is placed on the vorticity and especially the streamwise vorticity. The statistics obtained from spatial correlations and from velocity -vorticity correlations illuminate the underlying source of streamwise vor ticity, the consequences of the no slip boundary condition and the fact that the array of the regions of streamwise vorticity, which is typically formed, is unstable. The tilting terms which oppose th e loss due to diffusion of the streamwise vorticity are discussed. Simple physical models provide insight into both the behavior of the streamwise vorticity and its connection with the Reynolds stress.


1. A composite manhole cover comprising a first layer forming an outer wall with an inner surface of the hatch (1), the second layer forming the inner wall of the hatch cover, characterized in that the second layer is made hollow to form an inner reinforcing frame (2) forming, by at least one element (3) the rigidity of the hollow profile having a convex side (4a, 4b), serving for a rigid connection to the first layer side, called the top side (5), flange connection (6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d , 6e, 7) provided between said flanges (4a, 4b) and said ve hney side (5), wherein the frame forms together with the first layer monolithic reinforced hatch. ! 2. The composite manhole cover according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal reinforcing frame is formed with a plurality of reinforcing elements of the hollow profile, distributed along the perimeter of the hatch cover. ! 3. The composite manhole cover according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame (2) comprises cutouts (8), limited portions of box girders. ! 4. The composite manhole cover according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame (2) is formed by punching the second layer. ! 5. The composite manhole cover according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers are made from composite materials based on thermoplastic. ! 6. The composite manhole cover according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises connection elements (9, 10, 11) comprising connection units formed from one protivouzla inner (12) and one external unit (13). ! 7. The composite manhole cover according to claim 6, characterized in that the inner protivouzel (12) is formed with a total-shaped profile 11, the first lateral branch (12a) of which rests on the inner side of the first layer, the central branch (12b) rests on the reinforcing flange and the WTO


On-line capillary zone electrophoresis/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CZE-ESMS) and capillary isoelectric focusing/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CIEF/ESMS) were employed for protein analysis. The separation mechanisms and the detection limits of CZE/ESMS and CIEF/ESMS were compared by using model proteins including cytochrome c (horse heart), ribonuclease A (bovine pancreas), myoglobin (horse heart), carbonic anhydrase I (human erythrocytes) and β-lactoglobulin A (bovine milk). The effect of a moving ionic boundary inside the electrophoresis capillary on the separation resolution of model proteins by CZE/ESMS and CIEF/ESMS is described. In CZE/ESMS, the formation of a moving ionic boundary due to the replacement of background electrolyte counterions with sheath liquid counterions can be eliminated by using a common counterion in both the background electrolyte and the sheath liquid. Additionally, the moving ionic boundary in CIEF/ESMS is minimized by combining cathodic mobilization with a gravity-induced hydrodynamic flow. The concentration detection limits of model proteins in a full-scan CIEF/ESMS analysis are in the region of 10 -7 M, ∼20-50 times lower than that achievable using CZE/ESMS. Sample preconcentration taking place during the focusing step in CIEF is responsible for the improved detection limits.


For managing carbon emission, micro-generation with different capabilities are being actively explored for grid integration. Such small scale generation connected to low and medium voltage conventional network that are not designed to accommodate distributed generation pose various issues like voltage rise during off peak hours. The aim of this paper is to evaluate different inverter control strategies under different conditions created by pseudo-random events through simulation on a test network. PQ control mode, voltage control mode and voltage droop control mode are compared in terms of node voltage, line losses and impact on fault. Several aspects like load, PV penetration and inverter properties are varied to capture parameters like node voltages and line losses for evaluating impact of PV control modes on the network. The representative network which has been extracted from New Zealand grid data and all assessments are carried out using simulated in DIgSILENT power factory. The main emphasis of this paper is around development of index which can quantify the effect of PV control mode on network parameters.


This study investigates the possible effect of language exposure on the use of multiword units, and more precisely phrasal verbs with up. It compares two learner populations that receive different types and amounts of input, namely, learners of English as a second language, who get exposed to English in various everyday contexts, and learners of English as a foreign language, whose main source of exposure to English is limited to language classes. The study is based on the analysis of written and spoken corpora, including reference corpora of native English. It considers the frequency of phrasal verbs, the structures they occur in, and the verbs used with the particle. The results show that the two groups of learners present some similarities, including a tendency to keep the verb and the particle next to each other even when an object could easily be inserted in-between. However, they also differ from each other in ways that could reflect their type and degree of exposure to English, with learners of English as a second language generally behaving in more native-like ways than learners of English as a foreign language. The article considers the multiword status of phrasal verbs, and in particular particle placement, among two populations of learners who differ in the type and amount of input they receive in the target language. There appears to be a stronger sense of unity between the verb and the particle of phrasal verbs for learners than for native speakers of English. Learners should be made aware of the contexts that favour particle mobility.


Introduction:Since its introduction, Glass Ionomer Cement [GIC] has been very popular with various advantages. However, the major disadvantage which limits its use in stress bearing areas is its poor compressive strength. Many studies in literature aim to improve the compressive strength by addition of various Nanoparticles. Hence calcium and hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles are used in the present study. Aim:To evaluate and compare the compressive strength of Glass Ionomer Cement after Incorporation of Calcium Nanoparticles and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles. Materials and methods: This Invitro study was conducted at CKS THEJA institute of dental sciences and research, Tirupati, India. Calcium and hydroxyapatite nano particles are used in the study. The calcium nano particles are synthesized and characterization was done using dynamic light scattering machine. A total of 24 samples were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was used as control group without Nanoparticles, group 2 was calcium nanoparticles in 3wt% incorporated in GIC, group 3 was 5wt% calcium nanoparticles incorporated in GIC and group 4 was 5wt% of commercially available hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles incorporated in GIC and material manipulation was done according to manufacturer's instructions. Freshly mixed cement samples were placed in metalmolds, stored in distilled water for 24 hours and compressive strength test was done using universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was done using one way ANOVA Post hoc tukey test. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was a statistically highly significant difference (P < 0.001**) between the groups when the overall compressive strength means were compared. The highest fracture resistance value was demonstrated by Group 4 with mean value of 147.95 MPa, whereas the least fracture resistance values were observed in Group 1 with mean value of 128.55 MPa. Inter group comparison showed that group 3 is statistically significant and group 2 and 4 are statistically highly significant compared to group 1. Conclusion:The compressive strength of conventional GIC can be enhanced by the addition of various Nanoparticles. The compressive strength of the GIC modified with calcium and hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles is significantly higher. So these Nanoparticles can be considered promising additives for glass ionomer restorative dental materials. Key Word: Glass ionomer cement; hydroxyapatite nanoparticle; calcium nano particles; compressive strength. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 26-05-2020 Date of Acceptance: 13-06-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Objective To explore each index of platelet function in patients with intracranial aneurysms and analysis the differences between ruptured when acute case and unruptured,and decide whether using the anti-platelet or anti-coagulation drugs when the emergency interventional operation.Methods Sonoclot platelet function detector was used to detect the platelet function of 50 cases patients catching intracranial aneurysms,included acute spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) in 25 cases(rupture group) and 25 patients with unruptured aneurysms(unruptured group),then measured and calculated each indicators of the coagulation curve and compared that.Results The study demonstrated that there was different degree of reduced in platelet function while acute period in rupture group,and had statistical differences compared with unruptured group(P0.05).In other words,the platelet function in rupture group was inferior to which in unruptured group(P0.05),mainly reflecting in coagulation curve R2 and R3 segment,that was to say,the blood coagulation contraction ability after fiber protein and platelet crosslinking and the ability in further coagulation contraction until finished in rupture group was inferior to which in unruptured group.Conclusion The platelet function of acute ruptured intracranial aneurysms is inferior to the unruptured group,it is cautious when administrating the heparin in the emergency interventional operation and anti-platelet drugs in postoperation.


We report on magnetoresistance measurements in a heavy metal/ Mn 3 Ir multilayers. After a post annealing process, we observed the magnetoresistance associated with the ordered crystalline structure of the Mn 3 Ir. The resistance change as a function of the strength as well as the direction of the applied field suggests that the magnetoresistance is partially related to a modification of the Néel order by the magnetic field. Our further detailed investigation revealed that there is an additional component of the resistance change, perhaps due to the non-collinear magnetic structure associated with the L1 2 -ordered Mn 3 Ir, which cannot be accounted for by any conventional magnetoresistance effects.


Given a connected, simply-connected complex simple group $G$, we define and examine its minimal nilpotent Hessenberg varieties. In particular, we show these varieties to be GKM with respect to the action of a maximal torus $T\subseteq G$. Their GKM graphs are then explicitly determined. Also, we present the ordinary and $T$-equivariant cohomology rings of minimal nilpotent Hessenberg varieties as quotients of those of the flag variety.


For each $1\leq p<\infty$ a space of integrable Schwartz distributions, $L^'^{\,p}$, is defined by taking the distributional derivative of all functions in $L^p$. Here, $L^p$ is with respect to Lebesgue measure on the real line. If $f\in L^'^{\,p}$ such that $f$ is the distributional derivative of $F\in L^p$ then the integral is defined as $\int^\infty_{-\infty} fG=-\int^\infty_{-\infty} F(x)g(x)\,dx$, where $g\in L^q$, $G(x)= \int_0^x g(t)\,dt$ and $1/p+1/q=1$. A norm is $\lVert f\rVert'_p=\lVert F\rVert_p$. The spaces $L^'^{\,p}$ and $L^p$ are isometrically isomorphic. Distributions in $L^'^{\,p}$ share many properties with functions in $L^p$. Hence, $L^'^{\,p}$ is reflexive, its dual space is identified with $L^q$, there is a type of H\"older inequality, continuity in norm, convergence theorems, Gateaux derivative. It is a Banach lattice and abstract $L$-space. Convolutions and Fourier transforms are defined. Convolution with the Poisson kernel is well-defined and provides a solution to the half plane Dirichlet problem, boundary values being taken on in the new norm. A product is defined that makes $L^'^{\,1}$ into a Banach algebra isometrically isomorphic to the convolution algebra on $L^1$. Spaces of higher order derivatives of $L^p$ functions are defined. These are also Banach spaces isometrically isomorphic to $L^p$.


The photoionization of hydrogen atoms in a strong magnetic field is formulated as a multichannel problem by representing the asymptotic electron wave function in cylindrical coordinates. Departures from cylindrical symmetry close to the nucleus are incorporated by an $R$-matrix treatment at short range, which then merges with standard quantum-defect procedures. The $R$-matrix calculation utilizes the eigenchannel approach, recast in noniterative form. At the field strength treated here, $B=4.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ G, the photoionization cross section displays narrow "autoionizing" resonances near the excited Landau thresholds.


The metallurgical property and mineralogical composition of sintered ore of Xingtai steel plant with different basicity was studied.Results show that the optimum basicity is 1.9~2.0.


The lack of haptic feedback during laser surgery procedures prevents surgeons from accurately discerning the depth of the incisions they perform. In this paper we introduce a novel teleoperated surgical platform, which employs a commercial haptic device to convey information about the laser incision depth to the surgeon. The incision depth is estimated by a feed forward model that maps the laser parameters selected by the surgeon and the total time of laser exposure to the resulting ablation depth. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system in enabling precise laser ablation. The experiment involved ten human subjects who were asked to complete a single-point laser ablation task. Results show that haptic feedback can significantly improve the level of surgical precision of laser interventions.


The applicability of state-of-the-art repeaters to wireless communication in U.S. coal mines is investigated. Requirements, the environment, and system design factors are described. Present F1/F1 and F1/F2 repeater technology and equipment in the MF to UHF bands are reviewed, and system designs based on these are formulated and compared for use in coal mines. F1/F2 type radio repeater systems are presently the most practical for U.S. mine applications. F1/F2 equipment is commercially available in the HF, VHF, and UHF bands, but not below 25 MHz. Although no off-the-shelf repeater equipment presently meets all mine environmental, safety, and user requirements, available UHF (450 MHz) equipment, suitably modified, presently offers the most promise for providing wireless communication coverage compatible with the needs of both working sections and haulageways. Repeater systems using radiating coaxial cables offer a practical alternative for radio coverage along haulageways. Recommendations are made for the installation, test and evaluation of a prototype system using modified, commercially available UHF equipment in an operating mine.


In the world of IT, competition has become fierce and keeping your edge may require certification. Discover the secrets behind being successful on your Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technicians (MCDST) exam by investing in this introduction book. The Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician (MCDST) certification will get you started in your IT career by ensuring you have the skills to successfully troubleshoot desktop environments running on the Microsoft Windows operating system. Suppose you were looking to hire someone for your help desk. You narrow it down to the final two candidates You ask them how well they know Windows. One says, "I know it pretty well." The other says, "I'm a Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician on Windows." Which would you hire? The second candidate will give you a higher feeling of confidence. To make yourself be the second candidate is the only reason for taking this test. And if you want to get to know what MCDST is about - this is the book for you. The contents of the book are just about what you'd expect: it will not give you the ins and outs of the exam - but a general overview of the 100 most asked questions around MCDST: everything you need to know to support end users running (or trying to run Windows). Among everything else this includes: installing, setting up users and groups, understanding file and folder access, installing and managing hardware (display, I/O, storage, printers), networking, accessing the internet.


The article describe us that the identification of insiders and insider activities in the organization is an actual direction of ensuring information security, since the high level of software development and hardware information protection brings the malicious actions of legitimate users to the fore. This article discusses the methodology which allows to identify anomalies in the organization's employees interaction with information assets and its applicability is assessed in the context of work to detect malicious activities of insiders.


 Priority area is change and improvement at the Middle School. Aligns to strategic goals and continuous improvement.  Budget increase driven by Benefits account increase. Health care costs specifically account for $600,000 increase. Cost savings expected did not materialize on HSA.  Cost savings expected from the CL&P/Power Point project was not realized. Negotiations are ongoing to address the lack of success in seeing these savings.  Those two accounts: Health Insurance and Electricity are the major drivers of the increase.  The committee discussed the Workman's Compensation and Salary accounts.  Next steps: The administration will respond to the increase in the Administration account from the 2012/2013 budget to 2013/2014 budget, will continue to work with the insurance consultant to determine a better renewal rate for health insurance, and will develop a priority list and a reduction list.


Due to the rapid growth of the air conditioning load of
the residents had bigger impact on power grid safety and power smooth
operation, in order to improve energy conservation and reduce emissions of the residents,
many countries had studied the home energy management system (HEMS) in the
world. In this paper, based on the summary of the work of other countries, the
HEMS research and practice situation of China were discussed, combined with the
national development and reform commission (NDRC) project, the power
consumption visualization empirical research had been
carried on in different cities in 2012, the interaction results show that the
load can be reduced by an average of 6.67%, which proved that the electricity
interactive was very interesting for long-term strategy of energy conservation
and emissions reduction.


In the recent times, power economizing is becoming most essential factor of a circuit due to the technology scaling beyond sub-1OOnm. Besides the combinational logic, sequential logic blocks also play a major role in the design of power efficient complex computational systems. This paper introduces the Optimized GDI Technique (OGDI) for the design of sequential logic blocks. A Sequence detector is designed using OGDI technique and the performance is compared with the conventional CMOS technique. The results obtained using OGDI logic has shown significant improvement and achieved more than 28% power savings in comparison with the CMOS logic. Cadence Virtuoso is used for simulation and analysis, and 45nm technology is used.


In the last decade, the occurrences of natural disasters in ASEAN Association South East Nations) regions have intensified. ASEAN was prone natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis which frequently hit the region and as we know natural disasters can happen anytime. Natural disaster has happened in some ASEAN regions, for example Nargis Storm in Myanmar on 3- 4 May 2008, Fengsen Storm in Philipine, and an Earthquake of 7.2 Scale Richter and Tsunami in Mentawai Island Indonesia at 2010 which has caused material and immaterial loss to the people, including the death of hundreds of people. An enthusiasm of disaster management only takes place during the time of disaster, in the forms of humanitarian aid mobilization such as money collecting, food aid, voluntaries aid, etc. However, after the disaster ends, the government's and society's attention also slowly ends. In relation to the aforementioned, the enactment and understanding of law have not been prioritized in a disaster management. On the other hand, in a disaster management process, an understanding of law especially in the context of human rights protection is crucially needed, including in the prior disaster phases, in the emergency-disaster phase, and in the after-disaster phase. If such elements are excluded, it may postpone the implementation of humanitarian aid program and may even be a threat to the victims' rights. This situation is more concretely illustrated in the after disaster phase , where law is needed to protect the vulnerable societies, namely in handling the problem of illegal adoption of an orphan child, child and women trafficking, and violation to marginal groups and discrimination in humanitarian aid distribution. The understanding human rights law in disaster situation will be tested in the field, as it often occurs that the law is not compatible with the situation, or that it is not complete or contrary to the system of law, or the lack of understanding regarding the law. Human rights are the basic rights which must be conferred to everyone. The international law and human rights posted the obligation to the state to protect, respect, and fulfill those rights without discrimination. ASEAN as a Regional International Organization has had the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response and also The ASEAN Coordination Center  for Humanitarian in related with disaster management.


is proposed a secure transport housing (10) having an internal chamber (14) configured to receive reversibly specimen collection equipment. The secure transport of the housing has more external enclosure (12) to protect the inner vessel. The inner and outer chambers are spaced from each other to avoid contact damage on susceptible specimen collection equipment. The inner and outer surfaces are selectively opened to access the sample collection equipment.


We previously reported that compared with other mammalian species, elephants have a lower than expected rate of cancer (Abegglen JAMA 2015). While exploring cancer resistance in elephants, we discovered that elephants have 20 copies of TP53 (1 ancestral gene with introns and 19 retrogenes) compared to humans with 1 copy. TP53 amplification was associated with increased p53-mediated apoptosis induced by DNA damage in elephant cells compared to human cells. As a follow up to this study, we further explored the function of these elephant TP53 retrogenes by expressing their protein (ep53) in cells with 2 functional TP53 alleles. NIH/3T3 cells were transfected with a mammalian expression construct encoding TP53 retrogene 9 fused to an epitope tag (myc). Western blot analysis probing for myc confirmed expression of retrogene 9. To measure the functional consequence of expression, we compared apoptosis of cells transfected with empty vector to cells transfected with myc-tagged retrogene 9 after doxorubicin treatment. Apoptosis was measured with a triplex assay that assesses viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis (Apo Tox-Glo, Promega). We observed a significant increase in apoptosis of NIH/3T3 cells expressing retrogene 9 compared to empty vector transfected control cells (10μM doxorubicin, P Citation Format: Lisa M. Abegglen, Rosann Robinson, Lauren Donovan, Aleah F. Caulin, Mor Goldfeder, Avi Schroeder, Carlo C. Maley, Joshua D. Schiffman. Elephant TP53 (ep53) retrogene protein expression enhances cellular apoptosis in response to DNA damage. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3686.


In his technical note in the January 1967 JOURNAL, Quarmby (pp 47-49) concludes that because he was able to predict the axial pressure gradient in a concentric smooth annulus by using Preston tubes to measure the inner and outer wall shear stress, then the Preston tubes are giving correct values for the wall shear stresses. I cannot agree that this is a valid conclusion to draw. A Preston tube can only give wall shear stress correctly if the dimensionless velocity in the wall region is the same as that for which the tube was calibrated.


To comprehensively analyze effects exerted on dimension-chain by multi-objects constraints such as performance,manufacturing cost,and process ability,a harmonious colony-decision method for multi-objects was applied to analyze the effect of each composing-link.Then a sensitivity sequence analysis algorithm for composing-link in assembly dimension-chain based on harmonious colony-decision method for multi-objects was presented.The priority relationship of composing-links' sensitivity to closing-link was achieved by the algorithm.Finally,effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm were validated through some component in aircraft.


The recent formula for decomposing the expectation value of the total spin operator for general (correlated) wave functions has been rewritten in terms of the cumulant and is realized numerically for the first time. The results confirm its conformity with the physical expectations.


A compositional network proof theory to specify and verify fault tolerant real-time distributed systems is presented. In this theory the failure hypothesis of a system is formalized as a relation between the system's normal behaviour (i.e., the behaviour that conforms to the specification) and its acceptable, behaviour, that is, the normal behaviour together with the exceptional behaviour (i.e., the behaviour whose abnormality should be tolerated).<<ETX>>


We present exact, stationary, parametric solutions to the Schr\"odinger--Poisson nonlinear system of partial differential equations. In the first part of our programme we draw on the homotopy analysis method to attempt for first approximated solutions. These are rather approximated not because of the method but due to an uncoupled, truncated version from the original equations. We confront the latter algorithm by seeking for exact solutions over the inverse scattering method by introducing a pseudo spectral transform. Indeed, our suggested scheme generalizes Korteweg--de Vries family's kernel. Furthermore, in both cases our approach is, for the most part, focused on solving integral equations: nonlinear and linear, in that order.


In this paper we shall present the derivation of two new forms of the Kalman filter equations; the first is for a pure lognormally distributed random variable, while the second set of Kalman filter equations will be for a combination of Gaussian and lognormally distributed random variables. We shall show that the appearance is similar to that of the Gaussian based equations, but that the analysis state is a multivariate median and not the mean. We also show results of the mixed distribution Kalman filter with the Lorenz 1963 model with lognormal errors for the background and observations of the ɀ component, and compare them to analysis results from a traditional Gaussian based extended Kalman filter and show that under certain circumstances the new approach produces more accurate results.


Bray's modified Mitscherlich equation was utilized to determine the relationship of potato yields (expressed as percentages of the maximum) to soil nitrate production and to rates of nitrogen fertilization at 18 locations over a 3-year period. A closer relationship was obtained using fresh soil samples than using those air-dried for 6 months.The influence of various factors on absolute tuber yields (bushel/acre) was also assessed by analysis of variance. Highly significant effects were obtained for "rates of nitrogen" and for "soil test values" but not for the interaction of these two factors. The polynomial response curves derived from the analysis of variance showed that maximum yields were approached at a rate of 200 pounds/acre of applied N, whether soil nitrate production values were low, medium or high. Tuber yields were also influenced by "soil series" and the amount of N fertilizer required for maximum yield was greater for some series than for others.


The distinction between corporate-and business-level strategy is a distinction as old, and as durable, as the field of strategic management itself (Bowman and Helfat, 2001; Hofer and Schendel, 1978). This distinction between levels of strategy is reflected in the multidivisional (M-form) structure of multibusiness corporations. The M-form, according to Chandler (1962), allows the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the "corporate office" to set corporate strategy, while delegating more detailed matters to the managers of business-specific subunits. It might thus appear that, although these business unit managers may be formulators of business strategy, they are implementers of corporate strategy. Such appearances, however, may well be deceptive. The business unit managers traditionally responsible for implementing corporate strategy may have more to do with its formulation than conventional wisdom suggests. Bower's (1970) classic account of the resource allocation process in multibusiness corporations includes examples of "upward influence." Indeed, upward influence is the foundation of a stream of literature demonstrating the importance in strategy formulation of bottom-up processes as well as top-down processes (Burgelman, 1983; Floyd and Wooldridge, 1992; Wooldridge and Floyd, 1990). In this study, we focus on a specific form of upward influence. Our dependent variable is upward influence on the formulation of corporate strategy by managers traditionally associated with its implementation: managers of specific businesses within the corporation. This form of upward influence has received little or no systematic research attention, perhaps because it cuts across the traditional distinction between corporate- and business-level strategy. This article, and hence our contribution to the understanding of corporate strategy formulation, proceeds as follows. We start by developing theoretically-grounded arguments about specific antecedents of business unit manager influence. These arguments have intuitive, as well as theoretical, grounding. For example, one would expect business unit size to be positively related to the upward influence of the business unit manager on corporate strategy, since the manager of a larger unit is responsible for a larger part of the corporation. One would also expect business unit performance to be positively related to upward influence, since unit performance may lend credibility to its manager. Indeed, to the extent that managerial judgment that enhances business unit performance also enhances corporate performance, one would hope, as well as expect, to see a positive relationship between business unit performance and upward influence. Having developed our hypotheses, we then go on to describe the methods by which we tested them, including the mail survey of business unit managers by which we gathered most of our data. We then present the results, which show support for some, but not all, of our hypotheses. Finally, we discuss our results, acknowledge limitations of the current study, and identify directions for further research. THEORY AND HYPOTHESES Theoretical Foundations Prior to developing specific hypotheses, we locate the influence on corporate strategy of business unit managers in four theoretical contexts: levels of strategy, upward influence, organizational communication, and the attention-based view of the firm. First, describing our research relative to levels of strategy is mainly a matter of establishing terms. The distinction between the corporate and business levels is well stated by Hofer and Schendel. At the former level, the question is: "what set of businesses should we be in?" (Hofer and Schendel, 1978: 27). The question of resource allocation among these businesses is also vital to corporate-level strategy. Business-level strategy, on the other hand, "focuses on how to compete in a particular industry or product/market segment" (Hofer and Schendel, 1978: 27). …


During the seventies, the clandestine political violence against Italian institutional system has deeply shocked a whole generation of people. Rome was one of the most devastated territory by the attempts of right and left terrorism. In those years the city became a cruel battlefield against judges, journalists and policemen. The main goal of the article aims to highlight the operational links between neo-fascists factions and the roman organized crime of Magliana gang, through the analysis of those characters and crimes performed exclusively for a single purpose: the monopoly of illegal power. Apparently, two criminal worlds where there was a mutual exploitation within their respective criminal interests. Political for neo-fascist groups, economic for roman underworld.


A dealbreaker, in the sense developed in this essay, is a relationship between a person's psychology and an aspect of an artwork to which they are exposed. When a person has a dealbreaking aversion to an aspect of a work, they are blocked from embracing the work's aesthetically positive features. I characterize dealbreakers, distinguish this response from other negative responses to an artwork, and argue that the presence or absence of a dealbreaker is in some cases an appropriate target of moral evaluation. I then use the concept of dealbreakers to develop a new approach to the question of our moral obligations with respect to the work of immoral artists, arguing that there is no general obligation binding us to cultivate or eliminate a dealbreaking aversion to their work. I conclude by suggesting several other philosophical debates that could benefit from a focus on dealbreakers.


Abstract This article explores the administration of Captain James Wallis as Commandant of the Newcastle penal settlement from 1816–1818, illuminating a forgotten character and a neglected aspect of Australia's early colonial history. Our argument explores two core strands. First, we consider Wallis' reputation and role as the primary architect of the colony's first secondary punishment regime. Second, we assess his influence in shaping the nature of those infamous penal institutions which have had such a powerful and arguably misleading impact on popular memories of the convict period. We demonstrate that Wallis' regime, and the responses to it, exposed conflicting ideas about the nature and administration of punishment in early colonial NSW.


Inguinal hernia repairs are most commonly performed surgical procedures across the world. Lichtenstein's tension free technique of open hernioplasty is the gold standard technique, while laparoscopic techniques gained popularity over recent decade. Giant inguinal hernias are rare. Giant inguinal hernia extends below the midpoint of the inner thigh, in the standing position. These are long standing conditions and at presentation years of herniation or even decades. We report a patient of 65 years of age presented with type-II left sided giant inguinoscrotal hernia from last 10 years with loss of domain. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed, omentum and ileal loops with mesentry as contained in hernia sac, which was repaired by minimally invasive anterior component separation technique to increase the intra-abdominal volume followed by omentectomy and Lichtenstein  mesh hernioplasty without any complications. He recovered uneventfully. Surgical management of giant inguinal hernia is significantly more challenging and unusual because of 'loss of domain' and returning herniated viscera into the empty abdominal cavity forcefully can lead to high intra-abdominal pressure, recurrence or abdominal compartment syndrome. There are several repair techniques in literatures such as resection of contents and increased intra-abdominal volume increasing procedures but there is no standard protocol or surgical procedure for the management of giant hernias. We describe a technique which is relatively simple, less expensive and less invasive used for type II unilateral giant inguinoscrotal hernia with loss of domain in patient with co-morbidities.


Based on the population of Spodoptera litura under the trap lamp and in the field,temperature and humidity in large occurrence period for many years,some parameters such as the population under the trap lamp in June and before May,field population in the later of June,temperature and humidity in July were chosen as the predictive factors for predicting the field population in large occurrence period(later of August).With the weighted contingency table,the predictive model was established for predicting the population of S.litura in large occurrence period.The accuracy of this model for testing the historical population in large occurrence period was 100%,and this predictive model was also used to predict the population in large occurrence period in 2006 and 2007,respectively,the results showed the predictive population was coincided with the actual population of S.litura in the field.


This article identifies and discusses the assumptions and theoretical foundations that guided the Master´s Course in Government Planning developed by Alberto Guerreiro Ramos at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), in 1980 and 1981. Data were obtained by means of documents, bibliographic material, and semi-structured interviews conducted with professors and students who participated in the course. The assumptions and theoretical foundations resulting from this research constitute the set of knowledge through which the statements and propositions of our final remarks were developed. Such statements and propositions form an excerpt of the legacy that this intellectual scholar has provided the academy with, especially for organizing and developing stricto sensu graduate courses in Administration.


In this work, we make a contribution to natural speech dialogue act detection. We focus our attention on the dialogue act classification using a Bayesian approach. Our classifier is tested on two corpora, the Switchboard and the Basurde tasks. A combination of a naive Bayes classi-fier and n -grams is used. The impact of different smoothing methods (Laplace and Witten Bell) and n -grams in classification are studied. With respect to the Switchboard corpus, an accuracy of 66% is achieved using a uniform naive Bayes classifier, 3 -grams and Laplace smoothing to avoid zero probabilities. For the Basurde corpus, our system achieves performances similar to other methodologies we have previously tested. Through a combination of a naive Bayes classifier with 2 -grams and Witten Bell smoothing we achieve the best accuracy of 89%. These results show that a Bayesian approach is well suited for these tasks.


In support of neutron dosimetry needs at Union Electric's Callaway nuclear plant, an intercomparison of a variety of neutron detection systems was performed. Eight different neutron detection systems were tested in four different neutron fields, utilizing facilities at the Missouri University research reactor (MURR) and the Southwest Radiation Calibration Center at the University of Arkansas. In general, all results agreed within a factor of 2 in predicting the neutron dose equivalent.


An experiment was conducted on irrigated and waterstr ssed wheat at CAgMO, Pune during 1997-98. An hourly observation with Ground Truth Ra diometer (GTR) through out the day was recorded eve ry Thursday during the crop growing period. The paper discusses th use of field measurements on crop in visible a nd near infrared (NIR) spectral regions. The relative sensitivity of Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) and Normalized Differ ence Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a function of different phenologica l stages of crop growth cycle (CGC) has been discus sed analytically. The concept of Weighted Difference Vegetation Index (WDVI), relative advantages of NIR reflectance in assessing water-stress in vegetation, Leaf Area Index (LAI) a nd limitations of vegetation indices in accounting the vegetative processes have been discussed. The paper presents a discussion on the procedure for estimating LAI usi ng these spectral vegetation indices.


340B Program Improvement Act - Amends the Public Health Service Act to make revisions to the 340B drug discount program (a program limiting the cost of covered outpatient drugs to certain federal grantees). Includes drugs used in connection with an inpatient or outpatient service by enrolled hospitals as covered drugs under the program (currently, only outpatient drugs are covered under the program). Requires hospitals enrolled in the 340B program to provide to each state a credit on the estimated annual purchases by such hospitals of covered drugs provided to Medicaid recipients for inpatient use. Sets forth a formula for calculating the credit. Allows a hospital to avoid paying such credits under certain circumstances. Eliminates the requirement that hospitals enrolled in the 340B program report the National Drug Code numbers for drugs administered by a physician if the state is precluded from seeking a rebate on such drugs because they were purchased at a discount under the 340B program. Removes the exclusion that prohibited covered entities added to the 340B program under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act from purchasing drugs for a rare disease or condition as covered outpatient drugs. Treats a facility or organization that is eligible for the 340B program as satisfying any geographic location requirements in relation to a hospital or a critical access hospital for purposes of determining provider-based status under Medicare.