From the perspective of organizational justice,this study uses a sample of 234 supervisor-subordinate dyads to discuss the formatting mechanism of employee creativity,particularly how procedural justice and interpersonal justice affect employee creativity and the mediation process of psychological empowerment.The results made by the structural equation model shows that both procedural justice and interpersonal justice have significantly positive impact on employee creativity,and psychological empowerment partially mediates procedural justice's influence on employee creativity and fully mediates interpersonal justice's influence on employee creativity.


Photovoltaic panels receive, solar radiation energy, and directly converted into electrical energy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in the electrical power and electrical efficiency by changing environmental condition that photovoltaic cells installed in. The experiment is done in Shahrekord, with a height of 2045 meters. The electrical output power and the efficiency over the four days continuously compared with the same condition, that, three days of this, is in a completely same condition and one day by installing a foil with the size of 12 square meters on the ground. The results show that with installing reflective foil, the radiant flux affects on the surface temperature. By cooling on the panel surface, the electrical power output is enhanced. The efficiency aluminum reflector is used when the maximum at least 5.37 % of the 13.11 percent. While on other days without reflector with the same conditions, minimum and maximum values 11.27 and 15.99 percent respectively.


Methods that identify structural component stiffness degradation by pre- and postevent low amplitude vibration measurements, based on a linear time-invariant (LTI) system model, are conceptually justified by examining the hysteresis loops the structural components experience in such vibrations. Two large-scale shake table experiments, one on a two-column reinforced concrete (RC) bridge bent specimen, and the other on a two-span three-bent RC bridge specimen were performed, in which specimens were subjected to earthquake ground motions with increasing amplitude and progressively damaged. In each of the damaged stages between two strong motions, low amplitude vibrations of the specimens were aroused, and the postevent component stiffness coefficients were identified by optimizing the parameters in a LTI model. The stiffness degradation identified is consistent with the experimental hysteresis, and could be quantitatively related to the capacity residual of the components.


Global information systems (IS) are often being designed and implemented without due consideration or management of the human aspect of information systems. The lack of acknowledgement of human factors generates cost overruns, time delays and ultimately could lead to a partial failure of the system or even an aborted implementation. In this paper we present the concept of the information system implementation transformation (ISIT) cloud that covers dynamics of global information system implementations. We have depicted these dynamics as interpretative readiness curves in relation to IS implementation phases. We argue that human elements are impacting the overall level of implementation readiness. We support our argument by discussing the role of attitudes towards IS implementations, after which we break it down into on the role culture link our ISIT concept to the layered reference model of the brain (LRMB) to understand the role cognitive elements within IS implementations. The related charts that we present are serving as the framework our research. The results of our approach provide improved understanding of the human elements of global information system implementations and its organizational readiness.


Janice was alert and competent and able to provide informed consent to me. I had discussed with Janice and obtained her permission to share her narrative with my colleagues and to include it in a p...


Aluminum (Al) accumulators are widely distributed in tropical acid soils with severe Al stress. These plants are considered to develop physiological mechanisms to resist high concentrations of Al in their aboveground tissues. In previous studies, we elucidated beneficial effects of Al on growth and nutrient uptakes, and the mechanisms of the accumulation and transport of Al in Melastoma malabathricum L., which is an Al accumulator growing in tropical acid soils. In the present study, we carried out a split-root experiment in order to know whether Al has any specific role in the plant tissue of this species. INTRODUCTION Al ions in soil solutions often inhibit nutrient uptake of plants through the blockage of channels (e.g. calcium (Ca)), formation of an insoluble precipitation (e.g. phosphorus (P)), or inhibition of root growth and root activity (lower uptake of most nutrients). In some plants growing in acid soils, however, nutrient uptake, especially P uptake is enhanced in the presence of Al. Melastoma malabathricum L. is a woody Al accumulator growing in tropical acid soils, whose growth, root morphology and P uptake are improved by Al application (Osaki et al., 1997). However, it has not been clearly shown yet whether Al in the plant tissue directly stimulates the growth and nutrient uptake in M. malabathricum. Therefore, in the present study, we carried out a split-root experiment to elucidate these subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Treatment Preparation of Melastoma malabathricum seedlings was carried out as described in a previous paper (Watanabe et al., 1998a). Seedlings were transferred to the individual split-root pots with three replicates in a greenhouse. The experimental design is shown in Fig. 1. One side of the pot (A) contained a standard nutrient solution (Watanabe et al., 1998a, P=2mg L) with or without 0.5 mM AlCl3 and the other side (B) contained a 0.2 mM Ca solution with or without 0.5 mM AlCl3, at pH4.0. Roots in pot A and pot B were defined as root (A) and root (B), respectively. The pH of the solutions was daily adjusted to 4.0 with NaOH or HCl, and the solutions were renewed every 5 days. Sampling and analysis The seedlings were sampled 18 days after the treatment started. Mineral and organic acid concentrations in the plant samples were determined as described by Watanabe and Osaki (2001). Results were analyzed with ANOVA, and Fisher's LSD when significant (P<0.05) treatment effects were found. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As mechanisms of positive Al effect on the growth of Al accumulators, several possibilities are suggested, including stimulation of P uptake and direct (physiological) effect of Al in plants (Watanabe and Osaki, 2002a; Jansen et al., 2003). However, it is difficult to remove nutrients from the Al treatment solution in long-term experiments in order to evaluate the direct role of Al in the growth of Al accumulators. Therefore, in this experiment, we adopted the split-root experiment. The growth and P accumulation in shoots of Melastoma malabathricum were significantly enhanced with the Nutr+Al/Ca treatment compared with the Nutr/Ca treatment (control), whereas those in the Nutr/Ca+Al treatment were not (Fig. 2 and Table 1). Al accumulation in leaves with the Nutr/Ca+Al treatment showed almost the same level as in the control treatment, although the Nutr+Al/Ca treatment showed a very high Al concentration (Table 1). Since no significant Al accumulation in shoots with the Nutr/Ca+Al treatment was found, we could not evaluate the direct role of Al in the plant (especially in shoot tissue). In the absence of nutrients, beneficial effects of Al on root morphology (development of white and fine roots) were not observed (Fig. 3), indicating that the Fig. 1. Experimental design of the split-root experiments. Solution in each pot (2 L) aerated continuously. relationship between Al and some nutrients takes part in this phenomenon. It is noteworthy that no significant Al accumulation was found in the Nutr/Ca+Al treatment. There are several possibilities to explain this result. One possibility is the existence of a specific counter anion for Al absorption in M. malabathricum, because no anion except for Cl (and OH) was applied in the Ca+Al treatment solution. Pi, NO3, or SO4 may be considered as a counter anion. However, applications of Pi (Watanabe and Osaki, 2002b), NO3 (Watanabe et al., 1998a) and SO4 (unpublished data) did not affect Al uptake in M. malabathricum at all. Therefore, this hypothesis was denied. Another possibility is that the nutrient condition in the medium affects Al uptake. Previously, we elucidated that the Al-form for translocation from roots to shoots in M. malabathricum is an Al-citrate complex (Watanabe and Osaki 2001). Under nutrient deficient conditions, M. malabathricum may not be able to transport Al from roots to shoots, because of insufficient synthesis of citrate in roots (Table 1). In addition, a relatively high concentration of oxalate, which is a ligand of Al for its accumulation (Watanabe et al., 1998b), may fix Al in root cells, while a low level of citrate is formed (Table 1). Unfortunately, we could not find out whether Al has any specific role in the plant tissue of M. malabathricum using the split-root experiment. Other techniques, such as foliar spray of Al, may solve this problem. REFERENCES Jansen S, Watanabe T, Dessein S, Robbrecht E and Smets E 2003 The evolution of aluminium accumulation in angiosperms. In Evolution of Plant Physiology. Chapter 23, Eds Hemsley A and Poole I, p. 471-483. Academic Press, London Osaki M, Watanabe T and Tadano T 1997: Beneficial effect of aluminum on growth of plants adapted to low pH soils. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 43, 551-563 Watanabe T, Osaki M and Tadano T 1998a: Effects of nitrogen source and aluminum on growth of tropical tree seedlings adapted to low pH soils. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 44, 655-666 Watanabe T, Osaki M, Yoshihara T and Tadano T 1998b: Distribution and chemical speciation of aluminum in the Al accumulator plant, Melastoma malabathricum L. Plant Soil, 201, 165-173 Watanabe T and Osaki M 2001: Influence of aluminum and phosphorus on growth and xylem sap composition in Melastoma malabathricum L. Plant Soil, 237, 63-70 Watanabe T and Osaki M 2002a: Mechanisms of adaptation to high aluminum condition in native plant species growing in acid soils: a review. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 33, 1247-1260 Watanabe T and Osaki M 2002b: Role of organic acids in aluminum accumulation and plant growth in Melastoma malabathricum. Tree Physiol., 22, 785-792 Nutr/Ca Nutr/Ca+Al Nutr+Al/Ca Fig. 3. Photograph of roots after the treatment. A and B indicate the side of pot. A B A B A B Leaf Root (A) Root (B) Al (mg kg) Nutr/Ca 102 a 283 a 408 a Nutr/Ca+Al 185 a 366 a 4099 b Nutr+Al/Ca 3552 b 14653 b 1042 c P (mg g) Nutr/Ca 2.90 a 10.12 a 3.77 a Nutr/Ca+Al 2.97 ab 8.60 a 3.38 a Nutr+Al/Ca 3.28 b 12.15 b 3.21 a Oxalate (μmol g) Nutr/Ca 178.9 a 77.6 a 124.1 a Nutr/Ca+Al 177.9 a 116.4 a 232.5 b Nutr+Al/Ca 280.6 b 176.4 b 148.1 a Citrate (μmol g) Nutr/Ca 1.82 a 0.00 a 2.46 a Nutr/Ca+Al 3.73 a 1.20 a 18.05 b Nutr+Al/Ca 13.42 b 77.97 b 9.12 c Table 1. Al, P, oxalate and citrate concentrations in each organ after the treatment. Different letters in each organ indicate significant differences at P<0.05. Treatment Nutr/Ca Nutr/Ca+Al Nutr+Al/Ca D ry w ei gh t ( g pl an t -1 )


The study endeavored to determine the frequency of the the fourth year high school students participation in role-play activities and the extent of the interpersonal skills in terms of risk-taking, team work, sense of responsibility, open-mindedness, confidence, and communication skills. It aimed to test the relationship between the use of role-play activities and the development of the student's aforementioned skills. The study used the descriptive correlational design in research were a total of one-hundred and twenty fourth year students were chosen. The study identified that majority of the respondents participated in role-play activities three times or less in a week, and that, mostly done during the languages class and Values Education. Furthermore, open-mindedness was revealed to be highly developed in those students who participated in the role-play activities. Moreover, students' communication skills are potentially enhanced through active involvement in these activities. The five other interpersonal skills appeared to be less developed. Then, debate was identified as the most enjoyable and group discussions and reporting was the least. In conclusion, it could be noted that the students' participation in role-play activities in the classroom had helped them develop open-mindedness because they were open with their group mates and more willing to listen and accept varied inputs from one another. Keywords: Role play, Interpersonal and Communication skills


PURPOSE: A system and method for identifying and authorizing users and implementing user specific parameters associated with the users are provided for adjusting users' specific preferences for recording and playback of broadcast events in a vehicle. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of users each selects desired listening broadcast programs that are recorded by a system in a memory and indexed to the specific user. The user also selects the desired playback schedule and playback format. Conveniently, the system retrieves recorded broadcast programs stored in memory, then plays them according to the specific user's desired format and schedule. Additionally, each user selects which broadcast programs are stored, which broadcast frequencies are scanned by the system for the desired broadcast programs, and how long each broadcast program is stored in memory.


Purpose – This article aims to instigate a focused dialogue of social justice in Hong Kong schools and of the responsibilities this holds for school leaders.Design/methodology/approach – The authors draw on economic, psychological, and sociological research to illustrate how the unequal allocation of resources and school status hierarchies affects students and challenges leaders' understandings and actions.Findings – This article identifies several contextual factors prevalent in Hong Kong that maintain inequality and then applies research findings to explain how these discriminate against both disadvantaged and advantaged students. To address social justice issues, school leaders can start by understanding these inequality mechanisms, their own values and beliefs, and those prevalent in their communities. Then, they can introduce structural and cultural changes to reduce inequality.Originality/value – This article exposes several mechanisms that sustain inequality in Hong Kong schools and suggests how le...


We formulate a new criterion over a frequency region for fault tolerant control, as a mathematical problem. We present all solutions to this problem, and apply them to find a passive fault tolerant controller with a sufficient level of disturbance attenuation, to a class of systems which satisfy certain assumptions. An example is given, to illustrate the feasibility of our two-step control design algorithm.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to suggest appropriate human model for ergonomic evaluation considering working postures on 3D space. Background: Traditionally extreme design rules have been widely utilized at the stage of designing products. Body size of 5th percentile and 95th percentile in stature has been generally selected for controllability and clearance evaluation, respectively. However, these rules had limitations in reflecting working posture in ergonomic evaluation. Method: In order to define working posture on 3D space, not only sagittal plane but also lateral plane was considered. Kinematic linkage body model was utilized for representation of working posture. By utilizing the anthropometric data of 2,836 South Korean male populations, the point cloud for end points of linkage models was derived. The individuals who were lacking in certain controllability were selected as human models for the evaluation. Result: In case of standing posture it was found that conventional approach is proper for all controllability evaluations. Contrary to standing posture, tall people had less controllability on control location below shoulder point in sitting posture. Conclusion: From the derived proper range on controllability, ergonomic evaluation rule was suggested according to working posture especially in standing and sitting. Application: The results of the study are expected to aid in selection of appropriate human model for ergonomic evaluation and to improve the usability of products and work space.


segmentation strategies. If so many of the case studies point to the Faustian bargains involved in making indigenous media, then it might be useful to explore the cases of producers who actively act as brokers between their local cultures and the now globally-circulated forms of popular culture and media. Indeed, the strongest essays in Global Indigenous Media should remind all communication and media scholars that they should be reading about Indigenous media experiences. The final two essays by Michael Christie and Faye Ginsberg challenge us to de-centre our own normative assumptions about media and modernity with a one–two punch. First, Christie, a sociolinguist, speaks to the impossibility of relaying aborigine knowledge as a dynamic and collective practice and also collecting it for easy distribution via digital databases. The Catch-22, rendered vividly through Christie's own doubts about the project, strikes down neutral readings of media technologies, while moving beyond some form of technological imperialism enforced from the outside. 'Databases are not innocent objects' Christie concludes (p. 277), setting the stage for the future struggles over indigenous digital intellectual property. In contrast, Ginsberg cites three indigenous media projects that integrate digital technologies with local storytelling traditions. These projects and their ability to generate new forms of common culture critiques liberal philanthropists and development policymakers alike who construct the 'digital' as a necessarily 'modern' force, and, hence, unnecessary for Indigenous cultural expressions. With the wit of a cultural critic, Ginsberg insists that the only people 'left behind' in the 'digital age' are those who stick to the rigid binaries of a hegemonic order.


Exercisers typically experience far less cardiovascular and metabolic disease compared to sedentary individuals. Thus, a sedentary lifestyle contributes to the world-wide high incidence of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Degradation of a number of key autonomic cardiovascular markers appears to be consistently associated with the development of these lifestyle diseases. Three important autonomic cardiovascular markers include reduced heart rate variability, reduced baroreflex sensitivity, and increased arterial stiffness. Heart rate variability can be assessed through spectral analysis and baroreflex sensitivity through examination of the rise and fall of heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Elevated arterial stiffness, the stiffening of arteries, can be assessed though the reflected wave and pulse wave velocity. These three markers worsen as aging progresses. High arterial stiffness and reduction in heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity, however, can be improved with involvement in exercise. All markers have been found to improve after continuous steady state exercise and/or interval exercise combined with resistance exercise. A number of studies have indicated that both


Alien species are continually introduced in most regions of the world, but not all survive and coexist with the resident native species. Approaches analyzing the functional (or phylogenetic) similarity between invasive species and native communities are increasingly employed to infer the processes underlying successful invasions and to predict future invaders. The relatively simple conceptual foundations have made these approaches very appealing and therefore widely used, often leading to confusion and hampering generalizations. We undertook a comprehensive review and synthesis of the functional similarity approach in invasion community ecology to clarify its advantages and limitations, to summarize what has been learned thus far, and to suggest avenues for future improvement. We first present the methodological state of the art and provide general guidelines. Second, by organizing the published literature around seven key questions in invasion ecology we found cumulative evidence that: at large spatial scales phylogenetic relatedness of invasive and native species is a good predictor of invasion success, but a poor predictor of invasion impacts; at fine spatial scales, community resistance to invasion tends to increase with native species diversity and with similarity to the invaders, consistent with patterns emerging from biotic interactions. In general, the processes filtering invaders appear to vary across species' invasion stage and along environmental gradients. Nonetheless, we found conflicting evidence for differences in community assembly processes between invasive and native species, and between the invader's native and adventive ranges. Finally, we propose four important avenues for overcoming some of the identified methodological and conceptual limitations of the approach, in particular by integrating observational and experimental analyses and by explicitly considering species' demographic rates and complex biotic interactions. Although the functional similarity approach bears intrinsic limitations, it still offers many opportunities in invasion community ecology at large spatial scales.

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Objective To explore the clinical fixation effect and security on the distal femur fracture with less invasive stabilization system(LISS).Methods Sixty four cases of patients with distal femoral fractures treated in our hospital were randomly divided into observation group and the control group(n - 32),the control group was fixed using conventional anatomical steel plate,while the observation group fixed with LISS steel plate;The situation of clinical surgery,prognosis, recovery and complications in the two groups of patients were ompared.Results Clinical surgery:the average operation time of observation group was significantly shorter than that of control group(P0.05),and the surgical incision and intraoperative blood loss was significantly less than that of control group(P0.05);Prognosis recovery:The fracture healing time of observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group(P0.05),and I healing rate was significantly higher than that of the control group(P0.05),and the last follow-up of knee joint function was significantly better than that of the control group(P0.05).Complications:The complication rate of observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P0.05).Conclusion LISS steel plate has remarkable advantage for the fixation of distal femoral fractures with small trauma,rapid recovery,steady fixation,and high security advantages which is an ideal choice for distal femoral fractures.


An exploratory study was conducted with 86 first‐time mothers to identify those individuals the mothers perceive as most supportive following the birth of their first baby. The investigation also examined how such individuals were perceived as being supportive and the effectiveness of the support person during this life transition. Finally, the investigation examined the relationship between attendance at a parent support group and ease of transition to the maternal role. Most of the women identified their mates as most supportive (77%), followed by support groups (9%), and friends (8.1%). Mates were supportive in the area of physical assistance, while support groups and friends offered guidance. Those who identified nonimmediate family members as most supportive showed more difficulty in making the transition than those who identified the spouse as most supportive. Mothers who attended a parent support group tended to have more difficulty in making the transition to the maternal role than those who did not.


The successful development of underground water for domestic and industrial supply is a problem which has engaged the attention of water supply officials and engineers for a good many years with varying degrees of success. Involving, as it does, some knowledge of several closely related sciences, it has only been in the last few years that special attention has been paid to the problem with the idea of using such information as is available in order to avoid previous mistakes and prevent further waste of money. We will pass the questions connected with the occurrence of water in the earth's crust, together with the questions concerning the amount and rate of flow, quality, etc., to the question of a development of an underground supply, assuming that one is present. The first problem is to investigate such questions as the rate and direction of flow, and quantity available in the water bearing beds, the danger of contamination, the nature of the beds to avoid localized supplies, the character of the material in the beds for their ability to deliver water, the action of the water when tapped, together with its static head, temperature, etc., keeping in mind the demands that will be made later on the supply by the users. If it is found from these preliminary studies that it is feasible to go ahead with the development then the question of how to obtain the water presents itself. By far the most common method of making an underground supply available for use is to sink one or more wells into the water bearing formation. There are other means such as collecting systems, infiltration galleries, impounding flowing springs, but these are special problems and are treated as such. The general use of wells, however, gives opportunity for the most study and also the most improvement in them as a means of obtaining underground water. Before undertaking to develop a well supply a report


In this paper we present an architecture to manage a large, distributed volume of evidence for counterterrorism applications. This approach facilitates the intelligence analyst's train of thought by enabling hypotheses to be postulated and evaluated against the available evidence. The hypothesis creation is left to the human (as we believe only humans possess the flexibility to adapt hypothesis to the dynamic nature of the problem), but the system automates the gathering and linking of evidence that supports or negates the hypothesis. We do this by extensive use of data mining techniques in support of the process of query answering. The approach is incorporated into a distributed agent system that allows users to discover and compose agents for hypothesis processing.


The pathogenesis of renal failure in jaundice is controversial. Several factors have been incriminated, including intravascular coagulation. We have investigated this hypothesis by studying the deposition of radioactive fibrinogen in the kidney of jaundiced rats. Fibrinogen labelled with 125I was injected into rats whose bile duct was subsequently ligated. The radioactivity in the kidney was compared to that in blood and the renal uptake ratio calculated. This ratio (mean ± s.e.mean) rose from 0·24 (± 0·04) to 2·93 (± 0·43) after ligation of the common bile duct. In contrast, in control rats who underwent a sham operation, the uptake ratio rose from 0·31 (± 0·03) to 0·96 (± 0·08). This deposition of 125I fibrinogen in the kidneys of jaundiced rats was significantly greater (P < 0·001) than that in control rats. The deposition was specific to the kidney compared with that in the heart, bowel, muscle and liver. In the control animal the uptake of 125I fibrinogen by the kidney was not different from that by other viscera.


Imaging applications at terahertz (THz) frequencies are limited to relatively low spatial resolution due to the effects of diffraction. A subwavelength aperture can be used to improve the resolution at the cost of low transmission. Plasmonic lenses in the form of bullseye structures, consisting of a single subwavelength circular aperture surrounded by concentric periodic corrugations, have shown enhanced transmission and beam confinement. In this paper, we discuss the design and performance of plasmonic lenses optimized for transmission at 325 GHz.


Surface and subsurface contamination of soils by heavy metals, including Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Cd has become an area of concern for many industrial and government organizations. Conventional sampling and analysis techniques for soil provide a high degree of sensitivity and selectivity for individual analytes. However, obtaining a representative sampling and analysis from a particular site using conventional techniques is time-consuming and costly. Additionally, conventional methods are difficult to implement in the field for in situ and/or real-time applications. Therefore, there is a need for characterization and monitoring techniques for heavy metals in soils which allow cost-effective, rapid, in situ measurements. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to successfully measure metals content in a variety of matrices including soil. Science and Engineering Associates (SEA) is developing a subsurface cone penetrometer (CPT) probe for heavy metal detection that employs LIBS. The LIBS/CPT unit is to be applied to in situ, real-time sampling and analysis of heavy metals in soil. The overall objectives of this project are to evaluate potential calibration techniques for the LIBS/CPT instrument and to provide a preliminary evaluation of the LIBS instrument calibration using samples obtained from the field.


Low cost carrier flight industry has negative issues recently in Indonesia, for example pilots were identified for drugs problems, many flight cancellation and delay, issues of consumer convenience such as stiff padding and knee-knocking  issues and other issues which affects the brand equity of the airline industry itself. Based on the theory, brand equity is an important and valuable asset to a company, since it can affect a long-term relationship between producers and consumers. Thus, bad branding-decision will destroy the business. Therefore, if the company is able to have a good branding, it will increase company's performance. Customer based brand equity reflects on how customers think, feel, and appreciate a brand as well as price, market share, and the advantages given to a company's brand. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of brand awareness, brand association and price airline tickets low cost carrier flight in Jakarta on purchase intention. The method used was a descriptive correlation method based on hypothesis testing to determine the level of relationship variables as well as the magnitude of the relationship. Results from this study indicate that there is a significant influence of brand awareness, brand association and the price on the purchase intention. However, price has the greatest influence on the purchase intention (0.343) followed by brand association (0.248) and then brand awareness (0,211).


The combined impact of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 left the education system in the Gulf Coast region of the United States with tremendous challenges to rebuild infrastructure, reestablish services, and accommodate the movements of students that occurred as result of the storms. This article focuses on Louisiana's public school students, of whom 1/4 were displaced as a result of the storms. It explores the experiences of students and the effects of student movements on student achievement and on the state's public education system during the first academic year following the hurricanes. Results suggest that, overall, the education system handled the disruptions of the disaster relatively well. However, more detailed examinations show that some displaced students had problems such as nonenrollment or poor attendance, mental health or behavioral problems, and academic setbacks. Negative achievement effects, which were small overall, were most pronounced among students who remained displaced for the duration of the academic year, and appeared to be mitigated by students' tendency to enroll in schools with higher student performance than their original schools. Additional results show that the negative effects were associated with both the number of schools attended and the amount of school time lost. However, these analyses do not include the displaced students who did not reenroll in a Louisiana public school. These students constitute more than a 1/4 of displaced students and tended to be those who are most at risk for poor academic outcomes.


The physiology of brooding and non-brooding individuals of Lhe Chilean oyster Ostrea chilensis Philippi was compared. In this species, reproduction occurs once per year, dunng spring and early summer. The brooding period lasts approximately 7 to 8 wk, during which time larvae Live in the infrabranchial chamber of the brooder. In the experiments described here, broodlng resulted in significant decreases in the rates of particle clearance, ingestion, faeces production and excretion, although there was no difference in oxygen uptake between brooding and non-brooding oysters. Brooders partially compensated for reduced food intake by increasing absorption efficiency. The scope for growth was inuch lower in brooding oysters than in non-brooders, largely as a result of the reduced clearance rate of the brooders. The cost of brooding was 6 to 7 J h-'. ~Lleat weight decreased during the brooding process After the larvae were l~berated, the clearance rate of the brooder increased, reaching values close to those obtained for non-brooding Chilean oysters


The Beypazarı-Çayırhan oil shale deposit is situated 100–130 km northwest of Ankara in central Anatolia, within a northeast-southwest-oriented Neogene basin that is approximately 70 km long and 25 km wide. The oil shale beds occur in a thick Late Miocene sequence within the Hırka formation, and were deposited in an extended lake. Besides oil shale, the Neogene basin of Beypazarı also contains lignite, trona, and thenardite as valuable raw materials. The vegetation of the Beypazarı lacustrine basin was dominated by trees, and palynological analysis reveals the existence of a swamp-forest developed in a subtropical to warm-temperate humid climate. Finally, the oil shale of Beypazarı-Çayırhan basin is, on average, of low quality (the average upper calorific value is 840 kcal/kg [= 3.5 MJ/kg] and the oil content is 5.4% respectively 60 l/t), and, due to the tectonic situation, low cost open-cast mining is precluded. Therefore, the industrial utilization of the oil shale is not economical under present conditions and is thus not recommended. This is due to the (1) on-average poor oil shale quality, (2) complicated geologic structure, and (3) necessity of expensive underground mining.


The Cabrera vole is an endangered species frequently found in the montado, a savannah-like ecosystem well adapted to fire. Although it is assumed that regular burning is not very prejudicial to this vole, the impact of fire is unknown. This research studied, for the first time, recolonisation by the Cabrera vole after wildfire. Colonies were monitored over one year after a wildfire and the most relevant ecological features in their reestablishment were identified. During the first eight months, all the 18 surveyed colonies remained unoccupied. However, after one year, 11 were recolonised. Vegetation structure and composition in the colonies (vegetation height, plant families diversity, percentage of bare ground and cover of shrubs before the fire), which are important features in offering protection and nutrition, were closely related to reoccupation of the colonies. Surprisingly, fire intensity did not influence recolonisation. Distance from unburned areas proved to be a factor that delayed recolonisation. The importance of the montado for this species was reinforced by the evidence that recolonisation occurred preferentially in colonies surrounded by this habitat type.


Based on the background of some engineering applications, the damping effects of the cylindrical components made in Fe-16Cr-2.5Mo alloy and 0Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel were studied by using transfer function method in 20-400 Hz frequency range under the identical experiment conditions. The results indicate that, Fe-16Cr-2.5Mo damping alloy can control the vibration effectively, and noise can be reduced evidently.


A ceramic chamber in the kicker magnet is used to penetrate the fast-changing magnetic field into the beam pipe. On the other hand, the metallic coating inside the ceramic chamber is important to pass the image currents of the beam. For the ATF Damping Ring, it is planned to study the multibunch-beam operation. The requested rise time of the kicker field is less than 60 nsec. Studies to get a suitable metallic coatings inside a long-and-narrow ceramic chamber have been performed and continued. Tests of the sub-micron-thickness coating were carried out as the first stage of our studies.


Objective: To assess the clinical practice for suspected testicular torsion among urology specialists (trainers) and residents (trainees) in Jordan. Methods: Electronic questionnaire containing nine questions regarding diagnosis and management of suspected testicular torsion was sent by E-mail to 70 urologists (35 residents and 35 specialists) selected randomly by stratified random sampling from different clinical societies (university hospitals, military hospitals, ministry of health and private hospitals), 56 of them were returned complete (27 specialists and 29 residents) while 14 (8 specialists and 6 residents) did not respond. Results: Although time is crucial in suspected testicular torsion emergency management, 74% (20) of specialists and 75.9% (22) of residents prefer to do a scrotal ultrasound (if available) rather than to explore immediately in suspected testicular torsion. Intra-operatively 55.6 % (15) of specialists and 44.8% (13) of residents choose midline scrotal incision to do scrotal exploration and, if testicular torsion is the case during exploration 77.8% (21) of specialists and 89.7% (26) of residents advise doing fixation of the other testes at the time of exploration. If there is no torsion at the time of exploration 48.1% (13) of specialists and 41.4% ( 12) of residents do orchidopexy anyway. Regarding sutures used for fixation, 77.8 % (21) of specialists and 69% (20) of residents use absorbable sutures. Conclusion: This survey shows no significant difference in clinical practice for suspected testicular torsion between urology residents and specialists and raises the importance to formulate general guidelines for both diagnosis and management of this emergency situation.


Abstract We propose a cubic regularization algorithm that is constructed to deal with nonconvex minimization problems in function space. It allows for a flexible choice of the regularization term and thus accounts for the fact that in such problems one often has to deal with more than one norm. Global and local convergence results are established in a general framework.


This is the simulat ion study of controlling industrial distillat ion with model pred ictive control scheme. The development of empirical model for b inary distillat ion process has been carried out in this work. Mixture including three components, namely monochloro difluoro methane (R22) Trifluoromethane (R23) Dich lorofluoromethane (R21), was obtained from anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF ) and chloroform used as a feed mixture.Crude product mixture of Dichlorofluoromethane(R21) and monochloro difluoro methane (R22) is distilled to get pure R22 in Binary distillat ion column. Stable control of binary distillation column is of great importance for improvements of operation efficiency and higher product concentration. Decoupled multi -loop Unconstrained Model Predictive Controllers (MPC) are not carried out to manage to eliminate the effects of interactions among the control loops, but they generally become sluggish due to imperfect process models and a close control of the process is usually impossible in real p ractice. Based on its inherent unconstrained scheme, Constrained Model Predictive Control (CMPC) is employed to handle such highly interacting system. For high quality requirements, a two -input two-output model of the binary distillation column is constructed. Constrained model predictive control is applied in b inary distillat ion column plant and operation of the process close to their optimum operating conditions is achieved.


The article uses analysis of theoretical and practical approaches to organisation of the process of bringing finished products to the final customer, used in the domestic and foreign practices, in order to identify the essence and goal of the process of promotion of innovation products to the market, specifies stages of promotion of innovation products, marks out specific features of their organisation with consideration of specific features of the object of promotion - an innovation product. Detailed consideration of stages that are connected with formation of the potential market of innovation products and identification of the subjects that take part in promotion of innovation products to the market allows application of the proposed algorithm when promoting innovation products developed for the first time ever. Stage-by-stage study of the process of promotion of innovation products to the market allowed establishment of the fact that realisation of this process cannot be performed without a continuous management of the process.


The solid-phase reduction behavior and the influence of technological parameters of vanadic titanomagnetite were studied.The influence of technological parameters including grinding grain,reaction temperature and carbon rate on the degree of metallization and the magnetic separation of titanium was discussed.The results showed that using coal-based direct reaction reduction,the ferric oxide in vanadic titanomgnetite can be reduced to Fe,and then Ti can be separated from Fe by magnetic separation.The best reduction conditions are the temperature of 1 100 ℃,the carbon rate of 1∶1 and the grinding particle size of 75~150 μm.The metallizations and TiO2 content of slag phase can be achieved over 80% and 36%.The technology provides a new way for our country's large number of vanadium titanium magnetite ore exploitation.


Design for Manufacturability (DFM) has always been important, but is vital as we move to 90nm technologies. The line between defects and process variation has blurred to the point that in some cases it is no longer meaningful. This means that yield and quality level are becoming more design dependent than ever, and that test effectiveness cannot be guaranteed without strict DFM guidelines. Without DFM, no company will be able to successfully make the jump to 90nm technology. DFM has historically been most successful in a vertically integrated manufacturing environment; can it succeed in a disaggregated model? The panelists will explore DFM from the foundry, EDA, IP, fabless, and vertically integrated manufacturing perspectives. Can DFM succeed in today's marketplace, or does it mean the return to vertical integration?


According to Modern Warehouse Management System (WMS) for needs of high informationization, high efficiency, high utilization rate and low costs, RFID technology will be combined with WMS in this paper. After that, the structure and working principle of RFID are introduced, and then the advantages of RFID technology are analyzed. Finally, combining with concrete example, the business process about Logistics Warehouse Management System is showed.


We performed $^{13}\mathrm{C}$-NMR measurements on an organic superconductor $\ensuremath{\lambda}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{(\mathrm{BETS})}_{2}{\mathrm{GaCl}}_{4}$ to investigate the superconducting (SC) gap symmetry, where BETS stands for bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene. As the temperature approaches 0 K, the Knight shift in the SC state decreases; the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/{T}_{1}$ shows cubic temperature dependence below the SC transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ without a coherence peak. These results can be understood in terms of $d$-wave superconductivity. Moreover, an increase in $1/{T}_{1}T$ at lower temperatures was observed just above ${T}_{c}$; this behavior can be interpreted as an effect of spin-density-wave (SDW) fluctuation. We suggest that the $d$-wave superconductivity of $\ensuremath{\lambda}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{(\mathrm{BETS})}_{2}{\mathrm{GaCl}}_{4}$ originates from SDW fluctuation.


To assess the potential use of diode laser soldering to improve mechanical stability of middle ear reconstruction. The diode laser with a biological solder may offer benefits over traditional methods. We evaluated the strength of soldered bonds and a means to apply such a technique in the human middle ear.


Worldwide, more than one third of energy is used in buildings which account for about 15% of the total greenhouse gas that is emitted globally. Buildings in cities can account to about 80% for carbon monoxide emitted. Therefore, the built environment is a very critical part of the climate change mitigation. Evaluated in this research are energy efficiency measures that can be implemented through regulations and controls. From administered questionnaires, the issues of energy efficiency have become an imperative principle in the building sector and the way it is managed in South Africa. Based on the analysis provided, energy efficient behaviour is the predominant factor that influences energy consumption. According to the PCA results, seven variables (Age of building, number of bedrooms, roofing materials, energy for cooking and heating, window style and brick and concrete wall) were all dominant variables and these variables remain significant after implementing multiple regression models to estimate energy cost.


Initiated by Professor Jeffrey McDonnell, University of Saskatoon, and an associate editor at Hydrological Processes (HP), the HP editor team acknowledged the diverse, exciting, and internationally relevant research on hydrological processes conducted by South American (SA) hydrologists. It was believed that HP could play a catalytic role in having a special issue devoted to the region. An invitation to submit manuscripts to the special issue of Hydrological Processes on South American hydrology was launched inMay 15, 2015.More than 50 South American researchers and internationally based hydrologists working in South America were invited to join this initiative and asked to pass on this invitation to collaborators and colleagues that might be interested in this opportunity. The manuscripts published in this SI present findings on the effects of global (land use and climatic) changes on hydrological processes derived from field sampling, the use of simulation models, and the review and synthesis of scientific findings. One of the outstanding issues facing South American hydrologists is the effects of rapid land use and land cover changes. South America is geographically extremely diverse, with a corresponding range of hydrologic processes. The climates range from very dry deserts to rainy tropical areas. Vegetation cover varies from no vegetation in the extreme arid regions and at higher elevation in the Andes mountains, to grasslands and shrublands in semiarid warm and cold (Patagonia) zones and high‐elevation steppes, to dense forests in rainy temperate and tropical zones. River systems include large low‐ gradient river basins draining to the Atlantic Ocean and shorter and steeper river basins draining to the Pacific Ocean. Besides the uneven distributed water availability, South America has important water reserves in surface (lakes), underground (i.e., the Guarani aquifer), and glaciers such as the "Campos de Hielos" in southwest South America. The landscape is highly dynamic, shaped by natural disturbances including volcanism, tectonics, tsunamis, landslides, and debris or mud flows, especially along in the Pacific coast and in the Andes mountains, as well as flooding, wildfire, and wind. The landscape also is shaped by human disturbances including intensive agriculture, forestry, and mining, which have high‐water demand, as well as electricity production and environmental protection issues, which affect water timing and water quality. South America has also a number of special features that make hydrology research particularly relevant, including moisture cycling in the Amazonian rainforest, the effects of the cold Humboldt current


To help understand the effects of human activities and climate changes on sandy grassland vegetation in north China,a field grazing and enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 to 2006 in Horqin sand land,Inner Mongolia.The results showed that: 1)The grazing distribution had significant effects on species richness of the grasslands.The richness and diversity decreased with increased grazing intensity,and continuous overgrazing could result in a rapid decrease of the richness and diversity;2)There were large differences of the grazing effects on grassland plant diversity among different life forms and different economic groups.With an increase of grazing intensity,the annual plant diversity and Gramineae diversity increased while perennial plant diversity and Composite and Chenopodiaceae diversity decreased;3)Under different grazing intensities,there were large differences in diversity response to climate changes among different life forms and plant families,but the relativity only reached a significant level between Compositae and precipitation in the heavy grazing sites,and between other families' diversity and temperature in the moderate grazing site;4)In the grassland natural restoration succession process,warm and wet weather was favorable to an increase of richness and diversity,especially of perennial plants in the Compositae and Leguminosae.The warming and drying climate will result in a decrease of richness and diversity,but there will be less effect on Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae than on other plants.


Service discovery is a crucial operation for the usability of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Traditional solutions to service discovery that were adopted on the Internet are not well suited for MANETs because of their dynamic nature. This paper presents a novel service discovery protocol based on a hierarchical grid architecture in an ad hoc network. The geographical area of a MANET is divided into a 2-D logical hierarchical grid. The proposed scheme registers the information of available services to a specific location along a predefined trajectory. To enhance resource availability and effective discovery, each grid cell selects a directory for caching available services. This paper utilizes the transmitting trajectory to improve the efficiency of registration and discovery. First, the service provider registers a service along the proposed register trajectory. The requestor then discovers the service along the discovery trajectory to acquire the service information. This paper also proposes an improved process to avoid the sparse node network topology. This paper adopts analysis and simulation to measure the protocol performance. The analytical and simulation results show that the proposed protocol can raise the discovery success ratio and reduce the discovery cost more than the existing geographical service discovery protocol.


Epileptiform discharges are known to reflect the hypersynchronous glutamatergic activation of cortical neurons. However, experimental evidence has revealed that epileptiform synchronization is also contributed to by population events mediated by GABAA receptors. Here, we analysed the spatial distribution of GABAA‐receptor‐dependent interictal events in the hippocampal/parahippocampal region of the adult guinea pig brain isolated in vitro. We found that arterial perfusion of this preparation with 4‐aminopyridine caused the appearance of glutamatergic‐independent interictal potentials that were reversibly abolished by GABAA receptor antagonism. Laminar profiles and current source density analysis performed in different limbic areas demonstrated that these GABAA‐receptor‐mediated events were independently generated in different areas of the hippocampal/parahippocampal formation (most often in the medial entorhinal cortex) and propagated between interconnected limbic structures of both hemispheres. Finally, intracellular recordings from principal neurons of the medial entorhinal cortex demonstrated that the GABAergic field potential correlated to inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (membrane potential reversal, −68.12 ± 8.01 mV, n = 5) that were interrupted by ectopic spiking. Our findings demonstrate that, in an acute seizure model developed in the adult guinea pig brain, hypersynchronous GABAA‐receptor‐mediated interictal events are generated from independent sources and propagate within limbic cortices in the absence of excitatory synaptic transmission. As spared or enhanced inhibition was reported in models of epilepsy, our data may support a role of GABA‐mediated signaling in ictogenesis and epileptogenesis.


Due to technological development, cellular operators during last decade deploy macro base stations (BSs) of different cellular accesses technologies. Because of a long lifetime of macro BSs spanning over a decade, base stations of the second (2G), third (3G) and fourth (4G) generation can recently be found installed on the same macro base station sites. In this paper, we analyze area consumption and Bit per Joule energy efficiency of such BSs sites composed of 2G, 3G and 4G macro base stations. Analyses have been performed for the case of urban BSs sites, also taking into account BSs of the same technologies working in different frequency ranges. Obtained results show influence of BSs transmitted power and inter-site distance on the area power consumption and area Bit per Joule efficiency.


The power tiller operated high pressure sprayer was evaluated to find its suitability for orchard spraying, with single, double and triple spray guns. The diameter of the orifice was varied from 1.98 mn1 to 4.38 mn1 and the angle of inclination of the spray gun from 0 to 90o from horizontal plane. Single spray gun for tall growing trees like coconut and double guns for medium growing trees like Guava and Citrus can be used. By increasing the orifice diameter from the existing 2.38 mm to 3:18 rom, the spray height increased by another 2.0 m at 750 incli-nation. By attaching an additional PYC pipe of 2.5 m length (25 mm diameter) to the bottom of the spray gun, the spray spectrum was found to reach a height of 12 m.


Feral swine (Sus scrofa) have the potential to negatively impact ecosystems in a variety of ways, including contamination of water sources. In response to increasing fecal coliform levels due to feral swine in the Pennahatchee Creek watershed in Dooly County, Georgia, the River Valley Regional Commission submitted a 319(h) Clean Water Act grant application to the Georgia Environmental Protection Division to fund efforts to monitor fecal coliform levels and identify their source. As a result of this investigation, JAGER PRO, LLC was hired to remove feral swine within a 2,000 ha target area. We began surveillance of sounders using high definition infrared-triggered cameras deployed throughout the area at a density of approximately 10-16/100 ha. Images were used to determine direction and timing of travel from bedding areas to food sources, the number of sounders, and the size and demographics of each sounder. Using this information, we identified target areas for winter (December-March) trapping efforts, a time when alternative food sources are limiting. We then deployed digitally timed automatic feeders filled with whole kernel corn at a density of 1 feeder/100 ha. Each feeder was monitored using a camera. Once animals were conditioned to the feeders, we constructed 11-m diameter corral enclosures with 2.4-m wide gates at each site. Traps were triggered using either onsite user-operated remote control, or user-operated cellular remote control, once the entire sounder was routinely entering the trap. When multiple sounders were using a single enclosure at different times, we captured each sounder in reverse order, with the last sounder to visit each night being captured first. Captured animals were quickly dispatched using a suppressed .22 caliber firearm to minimize the potential for disturbance likely to create avoidance of the trap by remaining sounders. Occasionally, individual animals became trap shy and refused to enter standard, baited corral traps. In these instances we identified natural (e.g., streams) or anthropogenic (e.g., culverts) features that concentrated swine movements along field or food plot edges during the planting/growing seasons and installed a remote operated gate at these points. We then used cameras to determine when the entire sounder was willing to pass through the gate, and erected a large 12-panel enclosure attached to the gate. Observers then monitored the trap and trigger the gate with a handheld transmitter after the sounder crossed the trap threshold into the field. We used a similar technique, with only the remote operated gate and approximately 40 m of fencing or panels on either side, to assist in shooting an entire sounder in a single event by closing the gate and blocking retreat following the sounder's entrance into the field. During spring, summer, and fall, we primarily employed night shooting to remove swine, as this time coincides with greater availability of alternative food sources (e.g., row crops, food plots, and hard mast), making trapping more difficult. Night shooting operations primarily involved two techniques: spot and stalk and shooting over bait. During these operations, we used .308 caliber semi-automatic rifles equipped with infrared optics, which allowed identification and eradication of swine in complete darkness. The spot and stalk technique involved shooters stalking single file, into the wind, to within 60 m of foraging animals. A countdown was used to synchronize the first shot from each shooter. Baiting was typically used to remove individual adult boars or sows who previously avoided traps and feeders. Our baiting technique consisted of digging a 23-cm wide by 45-cm deep hole at a well-used bait site. We filled the hole with soured corn covered in dirt to prevent use by non-target animals and allow shooters ample time for observation and shooting of target animals. Bait sites were monitored with a cellular camera, allowing a shooter stationed in a central location to quietly


The transient adsorption of fibrinogen (Fg) to artificial surfaces (Vroman Effect) is modulated principally by the procofactor, high molecular weight kininogen (HK). We investigated which form of HK was responsible for Fg displacement and also whether other proteins participated in the Vroman Effect. Experiments were performed at 23°C with a 5 min surface exposure to various concentrations of either normal plasma or plasma deficient in specific proteins to which 125I Fg had been added. Typically, Fg adsorption reached a maximum at 1% plasma and decreased at higher plasma concentrations. On all surfaces tested, Fg displacement was greatly reduced in HK-deficient plasma. Normal plasma,when exposed to the contact system activator, dextran sulfate, prior to its interaction with glass, displayed Fg displacement similar to untreated HK-deficient plasma.However, if Factor Xl-deficient plasma was incubated with dextran sulfate prior to exposure to glass, the Fg displacement pattern resembled normal, untreated plasma. These results suggest that the inactive cofactor form of HK (HMWKi) generated by Factor XIa (formed during extensive contact activation) does not displace Fg. Furthermore, Fg displacement was also reduced in untreated Factor Xll-deficient plasma exposed to glass, suggesting that the active cofactor form of HK (HMWKa) generated by exposure to kallikrein (during Factor Xll-dependent contact activation) may be the active participant in the Vroman Effect. The cofactor function of HK and its ability to displace Fg, therefore, appear to parallel. We also found that plasminogen or plasminogen activators were minimally involved in the Vroman Effect. Fg adsorption to glass in plasminogen-depleted HK-deficent plasma resembled Fg adsorption in a single protein system since more Fg was adsorbed and desorption failed to occur. A synergism may therefore exist between plasminogen and HK in the Vroman Effect. A better understanding of the mechanism of blood-artificial surface interaction is essential for the design of less thrombogenic biomaterials.


Some policy work within public administrations these days seems to rely heavily on individual officials' efforts to make sense of new policy proposals and practices to other groups in their organiz ...


A linkage device for a remote control model helicopter with coaxial and counter rotating double-propeller includes a servo steering engine operating system, a tail motor operating system and a receiver controlling device; the servo steering engine operating system includes a forward and backward servo steering engine operating unit and a leftward and rightward servo steering engine operating unit; the receiver controlling device is connected to both the servo steering engine operating system and the tail motor operating system and for controlling the forward and backward servo steering engine operating unit and the tail motor operating system to link simultaneously. Compared to a conventional three-channel or four-channel model helicopter, the model helicopter using the linkage device has better resistance to winds and meets requirements to fly fast against winds outdoors.


The invention provides a cold region paddy seedling culture matrix and relates to a paddy seedling culture matrix, and the cold region paddy seedling culture matrix is used for solving the problems of slow seedling emergence of the earlier stage, more irrigation times, serious damping off during the mid-to-late stage of seedling growing and obvious fertilizer removal during the later stage of the seedling when the existing paddy seedling culture matrix is applied in paddy cultivating areas of cold regions. The cold region paddy seedling culture matrix is prepared from edible fungus residues, coal ash, grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite, or ground straw, the coal ash, the grass carbon, the vermiculite and the perlite. The paddy which uses the cold region paddy seedling culture matrix does not need disease preventing and weeding during the seedling culture period, only needs to be irrigated, is convenient to operate, time-saving and labor-saving, has high quality seedlings and stronger stress resistance, no damping off, bacterial wilt and other diseases are caused during the seedling stage, and the seedlings are short and strong, have wide leaves and bright green color. The cold region paddy seedling culture matrix is applied in the paddy field.


In the teaching and learning process so that the material can be understood optimally the role of the teacher is needed. The rapid development of technology requires teachers to have abilities in the field. However, knowledge and operation of technology in this case ICT, is still minimal to master. Therefore, training and mentoring as a first step towards learning sustainability in accordance with RI 4.0 platform continue to be developed. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of teacher responses and products made by teachers after attending training and mentoring. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. Respondents from this study were 34 teachers. Data collection techniques are done by interview and questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out to find out how high the response to the training and mentoring was carried out. The results of the analysis found that the response of teachers in participating in training and mentoring was very high or very positive. This is evident from the results of questionnaire data and products made. The importance of training and mentoring is felt by teachers in facing learning that is increasingly developing along with the flow of technology. Teachers are required to be technology literate, innovate or create technology-based learning. Therefore training and mentoring are the first step of continuous learning in accordance with RI 4.0 playtform.


The integration of Poland into the European Union has created the conditions for the country's faster modernisation and its fundamental transformation, leading to a 'return' to Western Europe and to its post-industrial civilisation. Well-developed European regions are the model of economic and social modernisation for post-socialism countries; the process of post-socialist transformation means 'Europeanisation' - the transformation from socialism to a market economy. This 'return to Europe' is a long-term process. Poland must catch up Europe in many aspects of economic and cultural life. Integration may be considered to be 'in progress', especially when the significant diversification of the Polish economic space is taken into account. The paper presents the conditions of this return to Europe from a geographical perspective, analysing the ways in which Poland is contributing to the creation of a new European space. It also shows the dynamics of regional organisation into central and peripheral areas at three stages in the recent history of Poland : the period of rapid industrialisation in the socialist Poland (1970s), the beginning of systemic post-socialist transformation (1990s), and the perspectives since European integration (beginning of the 21st century). The role of cities in these regional transformations is analysed in the third part of the paper, and shows that the hierarchy of cities has experienced major changes over the last decades.


Erythrocyte magnesium and glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGR-AC), reflecting vitamin B-2 status, were assessed in 11 athletes, 20 patients with fibromyalgia, 18 patients with hypothyroidism, and 13 controls. No correlation was demonstrated between erythrocyte magnesium and EGR-AC.


The main aim of the study is to clarif, the differences in the development of the rill erosion depending on the change of tillage practice and to compute soil loss from rill geometr, on agricultural lands. In the study area, four different fields that are around Acipayam district were chosen to test agricultural practices and each field was divided into three different agricultural practices; unploughed, ploughed across slope, and ploughed down slope. After each natural rainfall event, data were formed with geometric measurement results (length, depth and width) belonging to rill erosion. The relationship between the test results and the changes according to the method of ploughingtice was determined statistically. Regression analysis was made to determine the relationship between land length and rill development. As a result; rill erosion is more serious on across-slope ploughed plot tAcipayam, cizgi erozyonu, egilim analizi, yari kurak tarimsal topraklarAcipayam, rill erosion, regression analysis, semi arid agricultural lands Tam Metin


SUMMARY

The Adelie Penguin rookery at Cape Royds, Ross Island, Antarctica, was kept under daily observation from 23 October 1959 to 26 February 1960.

The rookery is described and its history given. The total area used for nesting has remained much the same over the last 50 years, but there has been a marked shift of nesting colonies into more sheltered positions.

The adult population was counted every one or two days, and daily observations were made on 44 pairs of marked birds and 122 marked nests in which all eggs and chicks were individually marked.

Considerable fluctuations occur in the numbers of adults and nests at the rookery during the breeding season, and their effect on methods used for assessing rookery size from counts made at odd times is discussed.

Birds began to arrive at the rookery in mid-October. The males usually arrived first and almost immediately began constructing nests. Eggs were laid during four weeks, from 4 November to 4 December; the usual clutch was two eggs, but in 65% of nests in which the first egg was lost soon after laying, a third was laid.

Measurements and weights are given for 75 eggs. There is a decrease in size of successive eggs laid. The average interval between the laying of eggs in any one clutch was just over three days.

The incubation period (day of laying to the day the chick finally emerged from the shell) of 150 eggs gave a mean period for first eggs of 34·8 (33–39) days, and for second eggs of 33·3 (30–37) days.

Parental routine during incubation in 35 pairs of known sex is described; very few females took first turn at incubating the eggs. The fasting periods for Cape Royds birds are compared with those at the South Orkney Islands.

The hatching, plumage, care and development of the chicks are described. The average length of the guard stage in 122 marked chicks was 22·4 days. The mean age of chicks when they left the rookery was 50·6 days; many chicks entered the water for short swims a day or so before they departed.

Of 600 adults that returned to moult at the rookery during February, probably two-thirds were non-breeding birds.

Mortality of adults at the breeding grounds was slight. Most egg losses were due to eggs being displaced from nests, or the abandoning of nests and eggs. A study of marked nests showed that 67% of all chick losses were directly due to Antarctic Skua predation, other mortality factors being desertion and exposure. Of the eggs 66% hatched and 75% of the chicks survived to leave for sea.

The breeding season at Cape Royds (77° 30′S.) is compared with that in the South Orkney Islands (61° S.). The availability of food is probably the most important factor determining the length of the breeding seasons at different rookeries.


Material and methods Ag nanoparticles have been produced by mixing the AgNO3 solution with aqueous Curcumae Kwangsiensis Folium leaf extract. Characterization of Ag nanoparticles was done by FE‐SEM, FT‐IR, TEM, and UV-Vis. FE-SEM and TEM images revealed an average diameter of 15-21 nm for the nanoparticles. MTT assay was used on common human lung cancer cell lines i.e., lung welldifferentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma (HLC-1), lung moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (LC-2/ad), and lung poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PC-14) cell lines to survey the cytotoxicity and anti-human lung cancer effects of Ag nanoparticles.


Investment in essence is the placement of funds at this time in the hope of future gain. Any advantage can not be separated from the risk in acquiring. Therefore, investors need to do an ef- cient portfolio. ecient portfolio that will provide a port- folio that delivers the greatest return with the expectations of certain risks and provide the least risk with the return of certain expectations. As for the objectives in this study is, to know and analyze the expected pro t rate in each portfo- lio composition, learn, analyze the level of risk that exist in each portfolio composition and determine the composition of the portfolio that can form an ecient investment. This research method is through the expected rate of return (ex- pected return) and risk (standard deviation) resulting from a combination of portfolios by using the Markowitz model. The data used in this study is secondary data, used data from the monthly stock price in the company of PT. Se- men Gresik (Persero) Tbk, PT. Surya Toto Indonesia Tbk and PT. Alumindo Light Metal Inds Limited from January 2006 - January 2009. It can be concluded that from Jan- uary 2006 until January 2009 that ecient portfolios are PT. Alumindo Light Metal Inds Limited (ALMI) by a mar- gin greater than the other stock that is equal to 3.94


Introduction: Post Sectio Caesarea pain is normal for every woman because Cesar delivery is a way of giving birth to a fetus by making an incision in the uterine wall through the front wall of the abdomen or vagina. Every surgery is associated with an incision, a trauma for the patient who handles complaints such as pain. This research is a case study research with participants of post-section postpartum mothers with pain aromatherapy nursing actions. Methods: The data collection method was done by interview, observation, and medical records for four days in the Melati room of Dr Soegiri Lamongan. The data are presented in tabular form and descriptive analysis using the nursing stages. Results: The results of this case study indicate that the assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation of Post Sectio Caesarea patients are consistent with the diagnosis of primary pain. Conclusions: The reference of this study is the patient P2002 Post Sectio Caesarea can be carried out in nursing care following the theory. Suggestions for authors, nurses, hospitals, patients, and families can add relaxation techniques with lemon aromatherapy and distraction methods by watching television to deal with pain in Post section Caesarea patients.


The primary goal of this paper is to develop an optimization framework for studying the efficacy of transmission line reactance tweaking as a mechanism for post-disturbance control in a transmission network. We start by developing a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for tracking the redistribution of direct current (DC) flows and the graph-theoretic evolution of a network topology over the course of cascading failures. Next, we propose a min–max setup for studying the impact of post-disturbance reactance tweaking on the resilience of the system to a worst-case disturbance. We devise a MILP reformulation scheme for the underlying bilevel non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear program to facilitate the computation of its globally optimal solution. We then develop a MILP framework for computing a tight upper bound (best-case scenario) on the efficacy of post-disturbance reactance tweaking for a given set of bus loads. Our numerical case study suggests that post-disturbance reactance tweaking, even on only a small number of lines, can be effective in reducing the amount of load shed in some scenarios in the tested system.


to the proportion of such lethals associated with chromosomal breakage and the proportion produced independently of breakage. Although it is possible all three types of lethals occur at or near points on chromosomes that have been broken, only point mutation would seem to be capable of arising without chromosomal breakage as a prerequisite. LEA and CATCHESIDE (1945) and HERSKOWITZ (1946) have analyzed the available data and concluded that the great majority of recessive lethals occurred in association with the phenomenon of breakage. At that time it did not seem necessary to postulate any appreciable number of lethals were due to point mutation unassociated with breaks or to position effect. Since then, however, a number of inconsistencies have been noted in this hypothesis, chiefly by FANO (1947) and MULLER (1950), and accordingly, it seemed desirable to reexamine the problem at this time. Several studies with Drosophila melalzogaster have shown an intimate relationship between the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements and recessive lethals. MULLER and ALTENBURG (1930) found that many translocations were accompanied by a recessive lethal effect. OLIVER (1930, 1932) and HERSKOWITZ (1946) irradiated mature sperm of the Canton-S stock, detected lethals on the X chromosome, and subsequently tested them for association with gross chromosomal rearrangements. Using the same criteria, they found the percent of lethal cultures showing rearrangement increased with dosage and that, in almost all cases, it was impossible to separate the lethal from the rearrangement by crossing over. The same type of observation was made by DEMEREC (1937). After examining a number of lethal cultures for their association with chromosomal rearrangements, he found an increase with dosage in the percent of lethals which were associated with rearrangements. DEMEREC also found that in more than 90 percent of the cases the lethal was at or very close to a breakage point of the rearrangement. Other data relative to this a;e found in DEMEREC and FANO (1941). There are two ways a lethal associated with a chromosomal rearrangement might arise. Either it is produced directly or indirectly by the ionizing radiation that causes the break or it results when broken chromosome ends unite 1This study has been supported by a grant from the NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, X-RAY point mutation, deficiency, and position effect. The question arose as


One of the largest epidemics in the modern period that affected Gdansk was the plague from 1709. A lot of historical sources have survived from that time, including a text by physician Johann Christoph Gottwaldt, rarely used by researchers. It was published in German in 1710, and also in English in 1712 in the journal "Philosophical Transactions". This source is one of the few examples of Gdansk texts which have gained such European interest. This article's task is to discuss this source and point to the most interesting, translated extracts with their interpretation. This is the result of the work aimed at publishing a critical edition of both version of Gottwaldt's work.


Scholars have long characterized sentimentalism and classicism as antithetical literary traditions. Yet eighteenth-century responses to Homer reveal that the Greek poet provided an important paradigm for the developing sentimental movement. A close examination of Pope's translation of the Iliad confirms the implications of these findings. By comparing Pope's version with earlier English translations, we can highlight the sentimentality of his characters, correcting the misguided notion that he sapped the epic of its emotional intensity. More generally, this analysis demonstrates the ability of the classical tradition and sentimentalism to cross-pollinate one another, refreshing the expressive possibilities available to both.


The program's principal objective was to identify anode depolarizers derivable from biomass sources capable of reducing the overall cell voltage for electrolytic processes, in particular hydrogen generation, by replacing the oxygen evolution reaction by the thermodynamically more favorable electro-oxidation of biomass materials. A second objective was to identify the anodic reactions of the biomass materials. Two beneficial outcomes of the biomass electroxidation were envisioned: (1) the synthesis of a desirable organic chemical from a biomass feedstock and (2) the complete electrooxidation of the biomass to CO/sub 2/, which could be used as a method of removal of unwanted or waste biomass from water. These beneficial anodic reactions would, of course, occur along with a desirable cathodic reaction such as hydrogen generation. The biomass-derivable materials selected for investigation were chosen from the two most abundant biomass materials groups, carbohydrates and lignins. In particular, glucose, its derivatives, and its polymers were considered to be representative of the carbohydrate group and were explored. Lignins selected were those derived from the two principal pulping processes, sulfite and kraft. The largest current densities for carbohydrate electrooxidation were obtained with palladium, nickel, and lead ruthenate anodes, on the order of 200 mA/cm/sup 2/, which makes them more » likely candidates for depolarizing anode materials. The short-term data suggest that cells generating hydrogen, which were carbohydrate or lignin depolarized, could operate in the range of 600 to 1100 mV. Reaction product analysis of glucose electrooxidation was carried out on platinum only and was found to be highly nonspecific. Electrooxidation of carbohydrates to carbon dioxide appeared possible on platinum and lead ruthenate anodes. « less


The form and universality of the mass function of young and nearby star-forming regions is still under debate. Its relation to the stellar density, its mass peak and the dependency on most recent models shows significant differencies for the various regions and remains unclear up to date. We aim to get a more complete census of two of such regions. We investigate yet unexplored areas of Orion and Taurus-Auriga, observed by the UKIDSS survey. In the latter, we search for low-mass stars via photometric and proper motion criteria and signs for variability. In Orion, we search for small stellar clumps via nearest-neighbor methods. Highlights in Taurus would be the finding of the missing low-mass stars and the detection of a young cluster T dwarf. In Orion, we discovered small stellar associations of its OB1b and OB1c populations. Combined with what is known in literature, we will provide by this investigations a general picture of the results of the star-forming processes in large areas of Taurus and Orion and probe the most recent models.


This study aims to determine the influence technology dormancy breaking physical and chemical analyzes of seed germination ability aren (Arenga pinnata). The research was conducted on land cultivation practices Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah South Tapanuli, Padangsidimpuan City, District Padangsidimpuan North, village of Batang Ayumi Julu, North Sumatra Province; ± altitude of 450 m above sea level. This study was conducted after the completion of the seminar proposal, which began in June to the month of August 2016, using a randomized block design (RAK) 1 factorial with 8 treatments, each treatment was given three replications. The treatment consists of P0 = (Control), P1 = scarification, soaking water 30 minutes, P2 = scarification, soaking water 1 hour, P3 = scarification, oven 45oC 15 minutes, and water immersion 1 hour, P4 = scarification, soaking warm water ± 45oC 30 minutes, P5 = Immersion KNO 3 1% for 24 hours, P6 = Immersion HCl 1% for 24 hours, and P7 = Immersion 1% H2SO4 for 24 hours. The parameters measured were the increase of water content (%), germination rate (% / etmal), the long axis of the embryo (cm), a growing percentage of the roots (%) and germination (%). Results showed treatment technology dormancy breaking the physical and chemical significant effect on the increase of seed moisture content (%), speed of germination (% / etmal), the long axis of the embryo (cm), a growing percentage of the roots (%) and germination (%). The best treatment is contained in the chemical treatment P7 = Immersion H2SO4 1% for 24 hours, followed by physical treatment P4 = scarification, soaking warm water 45oC ± 30 minutes. Key words: palm seeds, dormancy breaking, physical and chemical.


In present study tripartite influence model was examined with large sample of university females' students (ages 18-29). This model is amalgamation of core source of influence i.e. peer, parents and media which contribute to development of body dissatisfaction& image perception. Quantitative data was analyzed by using SPSS 19 software and was also analyzed through Amos version 21 and confirmatory factor analysis conducted to verify the validity of adaptive instruments. In current study social comparison and internalization of thin body ideal significantly develop body dissatisfaction perception among university female students and also mediate the relationship of sociocultural factor (peer, parents, and media) and body dissatisfaction and image perception. Present study yet offering replication and extension of pervious work comparison and internalization of thin body ideal with Muslim ethnicity and provide support for further testing of tripartite model.


At the same time, the livestock sector has assumed an often unrecognized role in global warming. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), using a methodology that considered the entire commodity chain, estimated that livestock are responsible for 18 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, a larger share than that of transportation. This accounts for nine percent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, most due to the expansion of pastures and arable land for feed crops. It generates even bigger shares of emissions of other gases with greater potential to warm the atmosphere: as much as 37 percent of anthropogenic methane, mostly from enteric fermentation by ruminants, and 65 percent of anthropogenic nitrous oxide, mostly from manure. Livestock production also impacts heavily the world's water supply, accounting for more than 8 percent of global human water use, mainly for the irrigation of feed crops. Evidence suggests it is the largest source of water pollutants, principally animal waste, antibiotics, hormones, chemicals from tanneries, fertilizers, pesticides, and sediments from eroded pastures. While global figures are unavailable, it is estimated that in the USA livestock and feed crop agriculture are responsible for 37 percent of pesticide use, 50 percent of antibiotic use, and a third of the nitrogen and phosphorus loads in freshwater resources. The sector also generates almost two-thirds of anthropogenic ammonia, which contributes significantly to acid rain and acidification of ecosystems. FAO has stated that the future of the livestock-environment interface will be shaped by how we resolve the balance of two demands: for animal food products on one side and for environmental services on the other. Since the natural resource base is finite, the huge expansion of the livestock sector required to meet expanding demand must be accomplished while substantially reducing its environmental impact.


ABSTRACT Drug use in China is both associated with criminal behaviour and regarded as social deviance. Drug addicted offenders can either be assigned criminal punishment or compulsory drug treatment, depending on the severity of the crimes they have committed. Compulsory drug treatment is in many ways similar to imprisonment in China. However, both compulsory drug treatment and imprisonment fail to prevent drug relapse. The authorities have implemented methadone maintenance treatment and non-medical social work interventions, although they are still in their infancy. More efforts should be made to deliver post-institutionalization programmes to help ex-inmates stay away from drugs and crime.


System obsolescence issues are a routine occurrence, especially for systems with a high utilization of commercial electronic components or software applications with a long operational life. The extended length of a system's development can often result in obsolescence well before system production and fielding begins. Obsolescence affects individual electronic components and availability of materials, as well as access to experienced personnel, processes, and software. Legacy application software obsolescence is influenced by multiple factors. Included in these factors are hardware obsolescence, increased software maintenance, commercial off‐the‐shelf software obsolescence, growth in technical debt, growth in complexity, and a lack of embedded business rule documentation. These criteria influence subjective management decisions in the remediation of current or future obsolescence risk. A multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM) approach is proposed to evaluate the impact of multiple obsolescence elements over the life cycle of a software application with consideration for the knowledge, preference, and subjectivity of experts to better inform the risk assessment and timing of future mitigation strategies. The resulting MCDM score provides a break point for a quantifiable increase in obsolescence risk.


Background: Current guidelines on the prevention of motherto-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV among infected-pregnant/ breastfeeding women aim at improving access to lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for every HIV-positive mother in order to eliminate MTCT (eMTCT) while keeping them alive. In this light, assessing the effectiveness of option B+ would help in identifying risk factors in highpriority countries. The aim of our study was to assess the determinants of retention of pregnant/breastfeeding women in vertical HIV transmission in the era «option B» as part of the implementation of the "test and treat" strategy. Methods: A retrospectively designed cohort study was conducted among HIV-infected pregnant/breastfeeding women enrolled for PMTCT-option B+ in the three major health districts of the city of Douala in Cameroon. Using the hospital PMTCT records and patient files from February 2015 to October 2016, data was collected on the monitoring of women enrolled for PMTCT-option B+ and the outcome of HIV early infant diagnosis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of their infants at six weeks. Retention rate was evaluated at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months on ART, and their determinants were analyzed using SPSS 17. Results: Overall, 688 HIV-infected pregnant/breastfeeding women were enrolled. The mean duration on ART during pregnancy was 20.3 ± 5 weeks, 93% infants were born at term, the mean birth weight was 3124 g and 58% experienced exclusive breastfeeding. Retention on ART at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months was respectively 84.6%, 78.8%, 74.6 and 73.5%. Factors associated with poor retention in PMTCT-option B+ were age <25 years (p<0.0001), residing far from the health facility (p<0.0001), diagnosed following a clinical suspicion (p<0.001), unknown HIV status of the partner (p<0.0001), HIV disclosure during breastfeeding (p<0.04), and WHO clinical stage II/III (p<0.0419). Among 288 infants diagnosed by PCR, HIV positivity was 0%. Conclusion: In the era of PMTCT-option B+, retention on ART remains below the 90% desired target, and decreases overtime. Improved retention requires targeting young pregnant/breastfeeding women, especially those living far from the health facility, diagnosed postnatally, with a clinical impairment, or without male partner involvement. Interestingly, regardless of ART duration and feeding options, retention in option B+ ensures an effective eMTCT.


The author of the article analyzes V. Stefanyk's short stories, in which the author comprehends the formation of the national consciousness of Ukrainians after the failure of the liberation struggles of 1918-1920.Patriotic theme that at the turn of the ХІХ-ХХ centuries found artistic embodiment in the image of the offended peasantry, in the second period of the writer's work (1916-1936) was realized in stories depicting the formation of a new generation of nationally conscious Ukrainians who came out of this peasantry. The author of the study analyzes the short stories "Maria", "Sons", involving in the analysis the journalism and correspondence of the writer. This suggests that the works of V. Stefanyk of this period became one of the brightest patriotic examples of Ukrainian literature of the first half of the twentieth century.


2558 Background: An ongoing multicenter, open-label, phase 1 study of the anti–CTLA-4 antibody MK-1308 in combination with pembro in advanced solid tumors (NCT03179436) revealed a manageable safety profile and promising efficacy in pts with first-line (1L) advanced NSCLC. Data from a larger sample size and longer follow-up are presented. Methods: In dose escalation (DE), pts with advanced solid tumors received MK-1308 by IV administration at 25, 75, or 200 mg Q3W ×1 cycle then in combination with pembro 200 mg Q3W ×4 cycles followed by pembro monotherapy (up to 35 cycles). In dose confirmation (DC), pts with 1L advanced NSCLC received MK-1308 at 25 or 75 mg—Q3W or Q6W—plus pembro 200 mg Q3W (up to 35 cycles). Safety (all treated pts), efficacy (subset of 1L NSCLC pts), pharmacokinetics (PK, all treated pts), and PD-L1 tumor expression (subset of 1L NSCLC pts) were analyzed. Results: 213 pts were treated (DE, n=39; DC, n=174). All pts were included in the safety analyses (median follow-up, 8 months); 113 pts from DC were included in the efficacy analyses (median follow-up, 8 months). PK showed a dose-dependent increase in MK-1308 exposure. Neither target dose-limiting toxicity (≥10%) nor maximum tolerated dose were reached for MK-1308 plus pembro; however, toxicity increased with increasing MK-1308 dose and shorter dosing intervals. Treatment-related adverse events grade ≥3 occurred at the lowest rates at 25 mg Q3W in DE (0%) and 25 mg Q6W in DC (25%) and at the highest rates at 200 mg Q3W in DE (75%) and 75 mg Q3W in DC (50%). Efficacy was observed at all MK-1308 dose levels and intervals: confirmed ORR per RECIST 1.1 by central review in 1L advanced NSCLC was 39% at 25 mg Q3W, 33% at 25 mg Q6W, 22% at 75 mg Q6W, and 25% at 75 mg Q3W; 6-month PFS and OS rates are 67% and 89% for the 25 mg Q6W arm. There was a 25% ORR in PD-L1–negative 1L advanced NSCLC pts. Conclusions: MK-1308 plus pembro was generally well tolerated with no unexpected toxicity and conferred encouraging antitumor activity in 1L advanced NSCLC pts. Efficacy, safety, and PK data suggest that 25 mg given Q6W is the recommended phase 2 dose for MK-1308 in combination with pembro. Clinical trial information: NCT03179436.


The fatigue properties of microalloying gear steels with Nb and Ti(steel A1:w(Nb)0.077%;steel A2:w(Nb)0.048%+w(Ti)0.038%) after carburized at 1 000 ℃ were investigated by means of rotating bending fatigue tests.The results show that the precipitates in steel A2 microalloyed with Nb and Ti are smaller in size and higher in volume fraction than those in steel A1 microalloyed only with Nb resulting in the higher fatigue limit for steel A2 compared with steel A1.The SEM observation of fracture surface show that the fatigue crack initiates from the near surface matrix for both steels,and it propagates around grain boundaries in the carburized case,and thus superior fatigue properties are found for steel A2 with finer and more uniform prior austenite grains in carburized case layers.


Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are a group of disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation. Suspect the diagnosis it can be difficult and many of the clinical manifestations are common in different disease. Although mostly of cutaneous manifestations are nonspecific, it is important to know them because sometimes they can lead to the diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the main cutaneous lesions of autoinflammatory disease to facilitate the diagnosis of the AID.


Partnerships between schools and universities in England use course handbooks to guide student teacher learning during long field experiences. Using data from a yearlong ethnographic study of a postgraduate certificate of education programme in one English university, the function of course handbooks in mediating learning in two high school subject departments (history and modern foreign languages) is analyzed. Informed by Cultural Historical Activity Theory, the analysis focuses on the handbooks as mediating tools in the school-based teacher education activity systems. Qualitative differences in the mediating functions of the handbooks-in-use are examined and this leads to a consideration of the potential of such tools for teacher learning in school–university partnerships. Following Zeichner's call for rethinking the relationships between schools and universities, the article argues that strong structural connections between different institutional sites do not necessarily enhance student teacher learning.


Cable stayed bridges constructed by the Cantilever method pose many problems to the designer and the contractor. Creep and shrinkage of concrete, non linearity of stays, construction operations and their sequence, large deformations of structure under construction and service loads, all add to the design complexities of an already complex problem. A computer program, under develepment, is described which can be used to predict time-dependent deformations and stresses during and after construction of these bridges. Simulation of construction is possible for prestressed concrete and composite steel and concrete deck cross sections.


The interaction between two magnetic adatoms becomes anisotropic in the presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The broken inversion symmetry at the surface leads to the Dzyaloshinksii-Moriya interaction (DMI), enabling chiral magnetic ground states. We investigate its impact on the spin dynamics of magnetic Fe dimers on the Pt(111) surface. As Fe adatoms show site-dependent magnetic anisotropy [1], we also consider the site-dependence of the DMI for dimers, with strong impact on the spin dynamics and ultimately on the functionality of Pt(111)-based magnetic nano-devices. We employ real-space time-dependent density functional theory for spin excitations of nanostructures [2], based on the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green function approach, with SOC recently incorporated [3]. Extension of our theoretical inelastic scanning tunneling spectroscopy method [4] is in progress.


In this research, the effect of the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process heat input upon the microstructure and development of the heat-affected zone in the dissimilar joint of API 5L X80/DS5 2205 steels was investigated by recording the thermal cycles with thermocouple implantation in the perpendicular direction of the weld line. The filler metal used (electrode) is DSS 2209. The microstructure of the base and weld metals and their interfaces at different heat inputs were investigated using the scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis technique (SEM/EDS) and optical microscopy (OM). The results indicated that the interface between the base metals and the weld metal has excellent consistency and that there is no evidence of cracks at different heat inputs. By increasing the heat input, it was determined that the amount of secondary austenite in the weld metal and heat-affected zone of 2205 steel had been increased. There occurred an epitaxial growth at the interface of 2209/2205, and there were a fine transition zone and Type II boundaries at the interface of 2209/ API 5L X80. The areas containing coarse, fine, and partially fine grains were detected in the heat-affected zone of the X80 steel. The thermal cycle results determined that the temperature peak in the areas away from the fusion line had increased by increasing the heat input and that the heat-affected zone of the two base metals, particularly the X80 steel, had been extended further.