ions connecting request, tasks, functionalities, procedures, and operators in BORG. The functionalities for these planners will be richer than for non-hierarchical ones. Figure 2 shows a simple example of an operator decomposition tree, that can be used by a hierarchical planner, to illustrate the repair functionalities. This tree describes a decomposition of a problem into sub-problems. An operator is either an executable action (simple operator, e.g. 2 in the plan 2), or a more abstract one which will be re ned during the planning (abstract operator, e.g. 3 in the plan 2). SEQ 1 2 3 4 5 6 OR Figure 2: Decomposition of a problem into subproblems. 1 is decomposed into a sequence of 3 sub-problems ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). 3 is achieved either by 5 or by 6 . The dashed arrows represent the rst plan generated by the planner [ 2 , 5 , 4 ]. In the following, we consider a plan to repair: a plan is composed of a sequence of steps, corresponding to the successive executions of operators. In the case of hierarchical planner, we assume that there exists an abstraction tree composed of operators, connected by abstraction relations (see gure 2). In this case, a plan step corresponds to the execution of an operator of the tree, with a particular parameter instantiation. The main task of a hierarchical planner is to re ne plans. To re ne a plan P0 means to transform it by going one step downwards in the abstraction tree. This re nement operation leads to a derived plan, where each operator is either an operator of P0 or an operator derived from an operator of P0 according to an abstraction relation. In hierarchical planners, the repair knowledge can be stored in the operators of the tree (for example rules attached to operators), and in nonhierarchical planners, the knowledge may be stored in the repair module (see gure 1). For plan repair, we have de ned the following basic function: Return to the last (temporal order) choice: backchoice makes the planner return in the state before the last choice, in order to try another solution. In the example of Figure 2, if the evaluation, after execution of step 4 is not su cient, backchoice will force the planner to backtrack to a less re ned plan, where operator 3 is not re ned. For adaptation, we have de ned the following basic function: Adjust the last executed operator: backexe triggers the adjustment mechanisms (if they exist) on the last executed operator. For clue propagation, we have de ned three basic functions: Transmit a bad evaluation to a father operator in the abstraction tree: sendup. In the example 2, this function allows, if the evaluation of execution of step 4 is not correct, to delegate the repair to its father (1) instead of trying to do it itself. The repair is then able to use the more global knowledge associated to 1 to nd a better solution. For example, the knowledge of 1 may express that the most sensitive operator is 2. And consequently, this operator will trigger its own repair knowledge. Transmit a bad evaluation to a son (son1): senddown(son1). A father must be able to delegate the repair to one of its sons. For example, in the previous case, 1 transmits the bad evaluation to 2, by the command senddown(2). If we suppose that when 2 receives a bad evaluation (directly by the evaluation mechanism or by its father) its knowledge contains the action backexe, a new instantiation of this operator will be re-executed after adjustment of its parameters. Transmit a bad evaluation to any operator: sendop(op-name). Depending on the type of planner, some of these functions do not make sense. The more general ones have a sense in both types. In nonhierarchical planners, the functions sendup and senddown(son1) have no meaning for these planners. SEQ SEQ SEQ 1 Building of iso−density contours 2 creation of thresholded images 6 threshold computing 7 Image thresholding Extraction of contours chains 8 Extraction of contours chains 9 Extraction of contours chains 11 Extraction of contours chains 10 Extraction of contours chains 12 3 building of contours chains 4 Building of contours images (five images) 5 Superposition of the 5 contour images Repair Rules Evaluation Rules Adjustment Rules Repair Rules Figure 3: Decomposition of the problem Building of iso-density contours into sub-problems. The expert knowledge is splitted in speci c rule bases attached to operators. Image 1 Image 2 Figure 4: Image 1: original image, Image 2: nal image after processing Image 3 Image 4 Figure 5: Image 3: another original image, Image 4: contours of the galaxy 3.2 A detailled example Here is a description of a part of the knowledge base for image processing of galaxy images [Thonnat et al., 1994a], developed with our OCAPI system. This part of the knowledge base is in charge of multi-scale contour extraction of a galaxy. Figure 3 shows the decomposition tree corresponding to this problem. This kind of image processing is rather complex and there is a real need for a sophisticated failure handling mechanism. On an example ( gure 4, page 7), the rst plan generated ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 4 , and 5 ) leads to the result shown in image 2. One can see that some contours are overriding, which means that the thresholds chosen by step 6 are not correct. The evaluation process is made by production rules provided by the expert. But the expert rules can evaluate the result of the processing only after step 5 (which superposes the ve contours on a single image). One evaluation rule attached to 5 is of the form: If 2 or more contours are overriding then assess failure-override. In case of unsatisfactory results, the bad evaluation has to be sent to operator 2, which in turn can propagate it to the faulty operator ( 6 ). Using the previously de ned functions, the expression of the repair knowledge in this tree can be expressed by the following repair rules attached to the corresponding operators: In operator 1: If failure-override then senddown( 2 ) In operator 2: If failure-override then senddown( 6 ) In operator 5: If failure-override then sendup( 1 ) In operator 6: If failure-override then backexe After the execution of the rst plan ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 4 , and 5 ), the evaluation phase triggers the rules attached to operator 5 . The evaluation rule (3.2) returns the assessment failure-override. Thus the repair phase is activated the repair rule attached to 5 sends the clue to 1 , which transmits it to 2 , and so on until 6 . Then the repair rule of 6 , calls the adjustment rules that modify the values of the thresholds. Finally the plan is executed again from 6 . Another possible error on the same example is when the object detection step does not correctly isolate the image (in image 4 in gure 5, some parts are missing). The detection of this error is not possible until the evaluation of operator 1 . To repair it, the system must isolate the galaxy again, which means send the bad evaluation to the object detection step, which is a brother of operator 1 (not represented in gure 3). This is an extreme case, but the knowledge exists and is simple to express. The repair knowledge to add to operator 1 is: If failure-isolation then sendop(object-detection). 4 Conclusions We have speci ed on examples taken from the existing systems detailed in section 2.1, how the previously described functions can serve as a basis to reach the same behaviors. in OCAPI, there are two functions: reexecution after adjustment of input parameters of an operator and backtrack on the last operator choice. These two functions are equivalent to backexe and backchoice. in BORG there is also a possibility of reexecution after adjustment of parameters of an operator, and if it is not su cient, the other possibility is impasse propagation to the parent action, one level higher in the action hierarchy, where an alternative decomposition is tried, and so on up to the request if necessary.This corresponds to a sequence of mixed backexe and sendup. in SCARP, the only mechanism is a backtrack function, that is the same as sendop. in SIPE, the F.H.M. is rather complex and some functionalities rely on a complete description of the world. But the two functions retry(node) and reinstantiate (predicate node context) are not related to the world representation. Retry can be expressed by a combination of sendup followed by backexe, and reinstantiate is equivalent to backexe. We can prove that this mechanism could allow to examine all possible plans in the tree of all possible choices. Given the two functions: next-son which gives the name of the next alternative son and nomore-son which is true when there is no more alternative son. Considering the tree of all possible choices, we suppose that the repair knowledge has this form: if failure then backdown(next-son) if failure and no-more-son then backchoice() Thanks to this hypothesis, when a failure occurs all possible choices are tried. If the failure still remains the system backtracks to the previous choice point up to the root of the tree if necessary. This corresponds to a dephtrst search in the choice tree, which is a complete search (if the tree is nite). The primitives presented in this paper, although studied in the framework of program supervision systems, can be applied to any planning system that provides interleaved evaluation and execution mechanisms and a backtrack function. The evaluation mechanism can be an interactive one, done via questions/answers with the user, or can be completely automated. The backtrack function simply consists in returning to a previous state. We are in the process of implementing these functions in a program supervision system and we wish to test them on several knowledge bases. References [Boerner et al., 1992] H. Boerner, Kai P tzner, and H. Strecker. The common concept hierarchy. Technical Report VID/DLV/PhG/HS921012, ESPRIT 2592, October 12 1992. VIDIMUS. [Chaillot, 1993] M. Chaillot. Une architecture de contrôle réactif pour la résoluti


Introduction:
Elevated levels of admission level HbA1c has proved to correlate with adverse outcomes in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome . Not much data has been available about the use of HbA1c among non diabetic patients with unstable angina.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES:
To correlate between Ejection Fraction and HbA1c in Non-Diabetic Unstable Angina patients
MATERIALS AND METHOD:
PLACE OF STUDY:
Emergency & Medical wards
Department of Internal Medicine
Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai
STUDY POPULATION:
First 50 non diabetic patients with unstable angina attending the emergency ward in Government Stanley Hospital are included in this study
STUDY DESIGN:
Cross sectional observational study
ETHICAL COMMITTEE APPROVAL:
Ethical committee approval was obtained for the study
CASE DEFINITION:
1.Patients with new onset (< 2 months ) angina , that is severe and /or frequent ≥3 episodes / day
2. Patients with accelerating angina that is those with chronic stable angina who develop angina that is distinctly more frequent, severe , prolonged or precipitated by less exertion than previously
3. Those with angina at rest.
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
1. Non - diabetic patients diagnosed to have unstable angina
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
1. Patients with documented diabetes mellitus
2. ST elevation mi (stemi)
3. Non-ST elevation mi (nstemi)
4. Hba1c ≥ 6.5% or lab tests indicative of diabetes mellitus
5. History of definite MI, history of congestive heart failure and history of chronic kidney disease in the past .
6. Patients with anemia , pregnancy
METHODOLOGY:
First 50 Non diabetic Unstable Angina patients admitted to emergency & medical wards at Stanley medical college hospital Chennai are included in the present study. Informed consent was obtained from the subjects. Detailed medical history will be collected from each patient. Patients were subjected for clinical examination followed by relevant investigations.
The patients undergo the following investigations.
1. Hba1c testing by enzymatic method.
2. Ecg
3. Trans thoracic Echo is done in each patient and 3-4 cardiac cycles were analysed to get best phase for better outcome of results. Ef is calculated by Simpsons method .
The first 50 Non diabetic unstable angina patients , admitted in emergency wards were subjected to a trans thoracic echocardiography.
On the basis of ejection fraction they are classified into
1. Ejection fraction less than 50 group
2. Ejection fraction more than or equal to 50 group
Serum samples for HbA1c testing will be obtained from each patient after echocardiography. HbA1c testing will be done by enzymatic method . Then correlation of ejection fraction and HbA1c will be analysed statistically.
STUDY PERIOD:
The study period is from march 2017 to September 2017
HUMAN SUBJECT PROTECTION:
The full protocol along with draft questionnaire and Informed consent will be kept in Institutional ethical Committee and approval will be obtained.
INFORMED CONSENT:
Consent form will be written in both English and Tamil and consent will be obtained from the participant, confidentiality will be maintained.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Descriptive statistics was done for all data and were reported in terms of mean values and percentages. Suitable statistical tests of comparison were done. Continuous variables were analysed with the unpaired t test.. Categorical variables were analysed with the Chi-Square Test and Fisher Exact Test. Statistical significance was taken as P < 0.05. The data was analysed using Epi info 7 and Microsoft Excel 2007.


surrounded by fibrous tissue, and tlle whole encapssuled by a laminated cansule. is irresistible. When the mass of choroid plexuLs, or araclhnoid tuft, is completely invested and growth arrested, the sequestered epitllelium becomes impregnated with cholesterin sand. Hence the picturesque names-psammoma, cholesteatoma, and pearl tum o u r ; some gleam like motlher of-pearl. Tbe infiltration of these tumours with cholesterin resenmbles the deposition of lime salts in dead uterine fibroids. A psammoma infiltrated witl cholesterin is a dead tumour, but it rarely dies before it has wrecked the life of thie man or wom-an by damaging brain or spinal cord. The clinical symptoms produced bv these extraordinarv tumours sometimes permit of exact localization; often they are complicated tangles, difficult to unravel even with the help, separately or combined, of a neurologist, otologist, nnhthaImo kiR. rdi n_lo%incsid. aind arnhvan7i.n r2 +hi I am mainly concerned witlh patliologists. VILLI IN GENERAL. Villi of various kinds play a large part -in our lives, mainly forgood, sometimes fc evil. Soon after conception the cllorion of the emnbryo becomes shaggy with exquisite villi, and although thie villi are extremely delicate struetures they are able to erode the maternal structures with whicb, in the. norrjaJ course of events, they come in contact, embed themselves and develop a placenta. It occasionally bhappens that tlley fail to form a placenta, clhaage into peculiar grape-like bodies and transform into what is commonly lknown as a "hllydatid mole." Some years ago obstetrici'ams were startled by tlhe discovery that suclh erratic changes in the villi sometim6is lead to disastrous consequences in fertile women, for these altered villi behave lilke malignant tumours. Tlhey erode bloood vessels, colonize the blood, (lisseminate and quickly cause deatih. Thlis particular change is now known as choricnic cancer. Thlere is another variety of villus whiclh occurs only under pathological conditions. Occasionally the ovary is occupied 0i'


which he may have borrowed from Osee, governs his view of the election, the covenant, and the promise. The happiness promised to Israel is described in very material terms, based on the people's conception of "the good life." Fidelity to the covenant will bring the blessing of fertility on the family, the clan, and its herds. It will bring big harvests, long life, victory in battle, and years of peace. But these blessings, though earthly, are looked on as the gift of God, in contrast to the fertility insured by the worship of the agricultural gods. For Israel, the good life, whenever it may come, can never be earned. It is part of the gift of God. Deuteronomy's characteristic alternation between the plural "you" and the collective "thou" is explained by reference to a modern practice. Leaders addressing African tribal groups alternate in the same way. The change to the collective "thou" indicates that the speaker is addressing, not the individuals, but the personified clan, and appealing to the conscience of the group. The listeners reply, as the Israelites must have, with appropriate interjections. The change from "you" to "thou" cannot, therefore, be used to distinguish different authors. Because Deuteronomy has had an extensive influence on the thought and language of the NT, this commentary can be recommended, not only to those concerned with the OT, but to those interested in the OT background of NT questions, such as the morality in the Sermon on the Mount, the idea of the covenant, and the Pauline concept of the Church as the People of God. It is a commentary which is easily read, because the exegesis, as the editors promised, is clear and concise. May the remaining volumes in the series be as well done.


We used a perceptual closure task with Mooney images as stimuli to record eye‐movement patterns in response to the same degraded image before and after perceptual learning in 21 adolescents and young adults with ASD and 23 sex‐, age‐, and IQ‐matched typically developing individuals. In the control group, we observed changes in the eye‐movement patterns between the first and the last presentation of the degraded stimulus, reflecting top‐down optimization of eye‐movement patterns, that is, a decrease in the number of fixations and interfixation distance, coupled with an increase in the duration of fixations. This effect was attenuated in individuals with autism, pointing to a decreased rate of perceptual learning. We also found that participants with autism displayed decreased scanpath stability, that is, a lower recurrence of fixation locations between different presentations of the same image, which may suggests a lower rate of perceptual learning or decreased predictability in the eye‐movement patterns. These results provide evidence for decreased use of prior knowledge in perceptual decisions in autism. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1386–1398. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The protective relay device and a protection relay method is disclosed. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a protective relay apparatus connected via a transmission to a protective relay device and the transmission lines, transformers system for converting a voltage flowing through the power transmission by the power transmission line as the measured voltage; Only the current transformer-based transmission for converting a current flowing through the transmission lines to a measuring current; The measured voltage, and setting the determined the measured current generates a fault direction information, and the failure using the received from a plurality of distance relay zone is set impedance element processing messages, from said failure processing messages and the transmission protective relay device using the received transmission failure message processing control device for generating a trip signal (trip signal); And a protective relay device comprising the circuit breaker block to the transmission line by using the fault signal is provided. Transmission lines, protective relaying devices, failure or blocked


A potential dynamics approach is developed to determine the periodic standing and traveling wave patterns associated with self-propelling camphor objects floating on ring-shaped water channels. Exact solutions of the wave patterns are derived. The bifurcation diagram describing the transition between the immobile and self-propelling modes of camphor objects is derived semi-analytically. The bifurcation is of a pitchfork type which is consistent with earlier theoretical work in which natural boundary conditions have been considered.


This study presents a methodology that combines artificial multiple intelligence systems (AMISs) and machine learning to forecast the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), maximum hardness (MH), and heat input (HI) of AA-5083 and AA-6061 friction stir welding. The machine learning model integrates two machine learning methods, Gaussian process regression (GPR) and a support vector machine (SVM), into a single model, and then uses the AMIS as the decision fusion strategy to merge SVM and GPR. The generated model was utilized to anticipate three objectives based on seven controlled/input parameters. These parameters were: tool tilt angle, rotating speed, travel speed, shoulder diameter, pin geometry, type of reinforcing particles, and tool pin movement mechanism. The effectiveness of the model was evaluated using a two-experiment framework. In the first experiment, we used two newly produced datasets, (1) the 7PI-V1 dataset and (2) the 7PI-V2 dataset, and compared the results with state-of-the-art approaches. The second experiment used existing datasets from the literature with varying base materials and parameters. The computational results revealed that the proposed method produced more accurate prediction results than the previous methods. For all datasets, the proposed strategy outperformed existing methods and state-of-the-art processes by an average of 1.35% to 6.78%.


Fission product solutions arising from reprocessing spent fuel from the nuclear reactors used for elec trical production in France are immobilized in six vitrifi cation lines at the AREVA La Hague plant. In 2010, the conventional Joule-heated metal melter was replaced in one of these six lines with a cold crucible mel ter. The cold crucible melter began vitrifying radioactive e ffluents produced by rinsing operations in legacy f acilities in April 2010. The composition of these effluents r equires a containment glass synthesis temperature t hat exceeds the operating temperatures limits of conven tional ("hot") melters. The cold crucible melter technology has three main advantages: melt temperatures well above the current limit, increased glass production capacity, extended lifetime because of t he lower wall temperatures. For these reasons the c old crucible melter can subsequently be used to vitrify a wide range of High-Level Liquid Waste (HLLW). This paper describes the assessment performed to ch aracterize the entrainment of particles or chemical s and/or radioactive species to the off-gas treatment system from a Joule-heated metal melter (JHMM) and from a cold crucible induction melter (CCIM). Vitrificat ion is performed in a two-step process. A calciner is used in each case to dry and calcine the high-level liquid waste, supplying only the dry residue to the melter together with glass frit. The off-gas treatment is identical for both melters. The paper first describes how the CEA uses its reco nfigurable vitrification prototype, a full-scale mo ckup of a La Hague vitrification line, in support of AREVA to anticipate cold crucible melter operation under radioactive conditions. It describes the process eq uipment constituting the vitrification line from th e melter (using a JHMM or a CCIM) to the off-gas treatment system. All the differences that contribute to the modifica tion of radioactive particle entrainment from the calciner/melter to the off-gas treatment system are then described. The results obtained are then discussed concerning the volatility of species produced by vitrification during weekly tests implementing either the conventional melting pot or the cold crucible melter. The distrib ution of volatile species in the off-gas treatment devices i s discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of how using the CCIM vitrification process on one of the La Hague vitrification units can achieve an increased vitrif ication throughput at a higher temperature without any impact on the resulting waste release.


The surreal images of the Belgian artist Rene Magritte, characterized by juxtapositions and visual paradoxes, are widely used by advertisers, filmmakers, cartoonists, and graphic designers. If Magritte's images have the power to influence the visual vocabulary of the modern media, they may also have the power to influence young scientists by pointing the way to a successful career.


Under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, a market-based scheme to reduce U.S. sulfur dioxide emissions takes effect in 1995. Indications are that participation in the market will be light and allowance prices will be lower than was once expected. Using an output distance function approach, for Wisconsin coal-burning utility plants we estimate the shadow price of SO2abatement, which should approximate the allowance price. The estimated average shadow price is above the prices at which the few observed allowance trades have occurred. Wisconsin's stringent state SO2legislation may explain a portion of this divergence.


In recent decade, hospitals turns into smart hospitals by the advent of recently developed technologies around the world. The growth in technologies like networking and other provides a brighter future and open scenario to interconnect different equipment in the hospitals, which gives us a new field of research which is called nurse calling system. Also due to growth in the fields of communication which aids such facilities with the used to technology. And which indeed make feasible such type of systems in today's world. In a generalized methodology for implementing Nurse calling system make use of a trigger button facility attached to the patient's bed. When pressed by the patient, it alerts the center nurse station by giving out an audible tone or light flashes and requesting patient is severed accordingly by a nurse or other health care staff member. But in recent scenario nurse calling systems are improved and user friendly so they are in demand now. The proposed system is one step toward the remedy of such condition. Which enables the implementation of nurse calling system with more ease by the application of wired technology like RS-485, Modbus protocol, along with wireless technology of RF/ZigBee modules. This proposed nurse calling system is capable of operating large numbers of beds by means of RS-485 Protocols. So automatically controlling devices in a hospital is being feasible by such systems. This system is another step in technology by the technology for ease of a human being.


Surface-emitting diode lasers have recently made significant advances because of the emergence of a variety of applications such as optical interconnects, optical computing, communications or diode-pumped solid-state lasers. These devices can be roughly grouped into three types based on their cavity configurations. The paper will examine the concepts, fabrication techniques and operating characteristics associated with each type of laser. The performance of monolithic arrays of surface-emitting diode lasers will also be discussed


A 78-year-old, post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), tracheotomised patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for 7 months. He was also a known case of CKD (chronic kidney disease), DM (diabetic mellitus) and IHD (ischaemic heart disease) with an ejection fraction of 20%. He was on mechanical ventilation with high oxygen and noradrenaline support. During his ICU course, he developed an episode of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and acute kidney injury for which he underwent dialysis twice. He had two episodes of cardiac arrest during the ICU course. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest revealed empyema and collapse on both sides of the lung. The patient was posted for bilateral VATS for lung decortication. After the application of routine American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) monitoring, the patient was induced with injections of fentanyl 2 μg/kg, etomidate 0.2 mg/kg and rocuronium 0.8 mg/kg. After induction, a multiport adaptor was connected to the tracheostomy tube. With the help of a 3.7 mm internal diameter (ID) fibre-optic bronchoscope (FOB), the EZ-blocker was anchored at the carina and its extensions into the right and left main bronchus [Figure 1]. Sequential OLV was achieved by inflating the left and right cuff. The total time taken for EZ-blocker insertion was 3 min. The condition of lung collapse was satisfactory during the procedure. The surgery took 210 min. At the end of the surgical procedure, the EZ-blocker was removed and the patient was shifted to the ICU.


This article presents the design and validation of a Mamdani type hardware fuzzy inference system with two inputs, 16 rules and one output. Fuzzy inference engine of this system works sequentially in order to optimize hardware resources. Defuzzification stage is novel due to it is based on a distribute arithmetic approach. Systemss architecture can be modified by means of a high level software tool.


Investigations and researches show that negative transfer from mother tongue can be easily found during the learning process of the Chinese learners of English.The negative influence from the learners'existing native language knowledge has become an obvious obstacle puzzling both the English learners and teachers.Students'authentic compositions are used as research data in this article and the typical errors owing to negative transfer from mother tongue are picked out,categorized and analyzed in terms of their causes and suggestions of avoidance.


This paper introduces the basic theory of UDP network communication in embedded pc104 computer Base on DOS,it discusses the UDP network communication and put forward how to deal with the problem of losing data frame upon un-sequenced, unreliable,connectionless User datagram Protocol specially. The design of the hardware and Some important software codes、conrrelative flow chart are offered in some fire-control system project which is under the UDP network communication base on DOS practically.


For all living things, water is one of the most important sources. Despite being a renewable resource, clean water scarcity is a major problem in many regions of the world. We require water for a variety of things, including food production, personal hygiene, electrical generation, fire control, and most importantly, survival. Nine sampling stations were chosen at various locations along the Mahanadi and its tributary, the Katha Jodi River, in the Cuttack area (S1-S9). To collect a tiny amount of water from the water source for water analysis and to look at the physico-chemical components that are present in the water, sampling is done. Our study sites' dissolved oxygen concentrations range from 3.9 to 5.8 mg/lit, and the water samples from all of the sites are only mildly alkaline. All study sites have alkalinities below 150 mg/lit, ranging from 129 mg/lit to 162 mg/lit. All of the study sites' water conductivities are within the typical range of river water, or 200 to 1000 mhos/cm. All of the study locations, with the exception of our study sites 1 and 2, have high nitrate levels of greater than 100 mg/lit. Our study sites had phosphate concentrations between 0.8 and 2.0 mg/lit, and a river shouldn't have more phosphates than 0.1 mg/L. Over these limits, phosphorus can be quite hazardous.


A method and device for determining a plurality of cardio vascular parameters are described, wherein the parameters are determined from noninvasively obtained data, thereby obviating the need for invasive procedures Such as cardiac catheterization. These determinations are enabled by incor porating fluid dynamicS and thermodynamics equations with noninvasively obtained mechanical cardiac event data to estimate a desired cardiovascular parameter. Exemplary parameters obtainable with the method and device include aoritic and mitral valve areas, cardiac left ventricular Stroke Volume, and aortic and mitral valve pressure gradients.


The treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) must be ranked as one of the great medical success stories of the past 30 years. The demonstration that the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome carries a fusion gene formed by the juxtaposition of BCR and ABL genetic sequences focused attention on the possibility that the tyrosine kinase activity of ABL might be greatly enhanced by fusion with BCR such that the BCR-ABL oncoprotein could be the primary cause of CML. If it were so, then pharmacologic inactivation of the oncoprotein might be clinically useful, and so it proved. In 1996, Druker et . . .


The research described in this paper proposes an evolution heuristic for realising an adaptive semantic e-commerce recommender system by establishing a feedback cycle. This recommender extracts questions from product domain ontologies (PDO) which are used in the dialogue of the recommendation process. The heuristic decides an automated PDO evolution (without a human inspection) in order to realise an automatic adaptation of the recommendation process. The feedback is derived from user interactions with the user interface of the recommender. This research shows that the automated PDO evolution outperforms a manual one. The evolution heuristic has been evaluated with an experiment and validated in real-world testing series.


On 27 February 1975, New Zealand cartoonist Leslie Gibbard takes an ironic look at the issues surrounding the forthcoming referendum to be held in June 1975 in the United Kingdom on whether or not the country should remain in the European Economic Community (EEC). On the right on the rowing boat, Harold Wilson, British Prime Minister.


1. A method of processing to the desired condition of the package contents with at least a single dose of medicament, performed prior to the step of manufacture of this packaging is carried out and in which effective contact between the at least one ultrasonic probe and said packing with vibration and providing at least partial deagglomeration its content. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic probe is generated by vibration at a frequency in the range of about 5 to 100 kHz. ! 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic probe is generated by vibration with an amplitude in the range from about 0.0005 to about 0.005 inches. ! 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vibration generated by the ultrasonic probe is applied for different periods of time. ! 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the vibration is adjusted by adjusting at least the frequency or amplitude of the ultrasonic probe. ! 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the contact provides said package with an ultrasonic probe through the working body. ! 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic probe is positioned below the packing, packing or over the side of the package. ! 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said contacting is effected by actuation of the pressure device in the range between the working position in which the pressing means directly or indirectly in contact with said packing, and an inoperative position in which the pressing means is not in contact with the packing. ! 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said contacting is effected by actuation of the pressure device, in the vertical direction in the interval between an operating position in


The Monte Carlo simulation code CEARPPU has been developed and updated to provide pulse pile-up correction spectra for high counting rate cases. For neutron activation analysis, CEARPPU correction spectra were used in library least-squares method to give better isotopic activity results than the convention library least-squares fitting with uncorrected spectra.


An early example of folklore scholarship, this is also a highly readable and fascinating collection chronicling the recurring legends of the Grateful Dead (from which, by the way, the rock band did get its name).


Globalization has gained speed with technological innovations and affected on all field. Of course this effect was feeled by businesses intensively. Businesses adapt not only technological innovations but also face competition. Technological innovations may be imported easly but human resources which increase productivity, enhance quality and focus on consumer are not taken easily as innovation. Producing or importing innovation, using innovation in production process, a sharing knowledge are important for a business. This process is called intellectual capital. In this study, we investigated formation of intellectual capital in hotels in the GAP region.


PROSIM: means the company ProSim SA incorporated under French law [share capital of 189,400 Euros, whose Registered Office is located at 51, rue Ampère, Immeuble Stratège A, F31670 LABEGE, France, registered with the company and trade registry of Toulouse under number B 350 476 487, whose VAT number is FR 10 350 476 487 and whose corporate website address is www.prosim.net] and any subsidiary company in which ProSim SA directly or indirectly holds more than 50% of the capital or more than 50% of the voting rights.


In this paper, we investigate the adaptive video delivery for multiple users over time-varying and mutually interfering multi-cell wireless networks. The key research challenge is to jointly design the physical-layer resource allocation scheme and application-layer rate adaptation logic, such that the users' long-term fair quality of experience (QoE) can be maximized. Due to the timescale mismatch between these two layers and the asynchrony of user requests, however, it is difficult to directly model the cross-layer stochastic control problem by using a reinforcement learning framework. To address this difficulty, we propose a novel two-level decision framework where an optimization-based beamforming scheme (performed at the base stations) and a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based rate adaptation scheme (performed at the user terminals) are, respectively, developed, such that a highly complex long-term multi-user QoE fairness problem is decomposed into some relatively simple problems and solved effectively. Our strategy represents a significant departure from the existing schemes with consideration of either a short-term multi-user QoE maximization or a long-term single-user point-to-point QoE maximization. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed cross-layer design is effective and promising.


The soybean cultivar 5621, a elite germplasm, has been applying to the soybean breeding program as direct or indirect parent in Liaoning since early 1960's. Up to now, as a direct parent, 7 cultivars were derived from, and in turn, more than 26 cultivars were further derived from the 7 cultivars. Among of the 33 cultivars, Tiefeng18, Liaodou 3 and Liaodou10 were the excellent examples. As to cytoplasm, 6 out of 33 cultivars possessed 5621's cytoplasm. It indicated that the nuclear contribution was more important compared with cytoplasmic contritbution. The soybean germplasm 5621 has made great contribution to the soybean breeding, enriched the genebank of soybean germplasm.


This article discusses the current status and problems in a  functioning of  the livestock sector of the Republic of Sakha ( Yakutia) in case of economic efficiency. Livestock sub-sectors reserves are identified. The mechanisms to improve material and technical base of the industry are offered. It is  substantiated the expediency intensification of cattle through targeted breeding, improving the technological base, changing in the structure of livestock by farm, raise livestock productivity, which will increase the capacity and level of agro industrial complex of the Republic development.


For weak management and collapse of family businesses, the research recommends that the members must trend positively in the family firm toward management which in result leads to the continuation of the family establishment as well as to realize Success in a family business this is a result of the coordination between the culture of the institution and the leadership style of its management.


As a quickly rising modern industry in rural China,creative agriculture is based on multi-function and characterized by low carbon emission,friendly to environment and sustainment.Creative agriculture,by way of agricultural diversity,develops into product processing,rural cultural industry and rural tourism,pushes industry assembling and integration,integrates upward and downward industries,meets the promotion of social demand,and then creates a lot of non-farm occupations to absorb rural labors free from agriculture.Creative agriculture's economic results are helpful to improvement of agricultural productivity,enlargement of scale of rural town,transformation of agricultural development,narrowing the income gap between town and countryside and building up reciprocal urban and rural relation.


The biodiversity of soil fungi have been studied at Bhadrachalam forest which is located in Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh state, India. The Bhadrachalam forest study area lies on left bank of river Godavari in Bhadrachalam revenue division. The area is located between East 80 0 21' - 81 0 09' longitudes and 17 0 36' - 18 0 38' North latitudes. The total geographic area of the division is 1, 96,800 Ha with 1, 44,603 Ha under forests. For the present study, soil samples were collected from North zone of Bhadrachalam forest on 5 th of every month starting with March-2009 to Febrauary-2010.The collections were made by taking composite samples up to a depth of 10cm after scrapping off 3cm of surface soil with a sterile trowel. The samples were systematically analyzed for physico-chemical parameters such as seasonal variation, moisture content, pH, soil temperature, soil organic carbon content which affects fungal population. The soil exhibit dynamic nature with everlasting interaction between abiotic and biotic factors. Fungi is an important component of the terrestrial ecosystem as it plays an vital role on recycling of organic wastes, nature conservation,agriculture.The present work has been initiated to determine the effect of the key abiotic factors on soil fungi. It is observed that soil fungus of the study area is affected due to abiotic factors and it should be properly mitigated to continue the natural benefits of the soil fungi and its role in sustaining fertility to the forest ecosystem. As a part of present study an attempt has been made to study the ecology and dynamics of soil fungi associated with Bhadrachalam forest.


Future wireless applications will take advantage of rapidly deployable, self-configuring multihop ad hoc networks. Because of the difficulty of obtaining IEEE 802.11 feedback about link connectivity in real networks, many multihop ad hoc networks utilize hello messages to determine local connectivity. The paper uses an implementation of the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol to examine the effectiveness of hello messages for monitoring link status. Our study determines that many factors influence the utility of hello messages, including allowed hello message loss settings, discrepancy between data and hello message size and 802.11b packet handling. The paper examines these factors and experimentally evaluates a variety of approaches for improving the accuracy of hello messages as an indicator of local connectivity.


The first report of a recyclable, heterogeneous, ecofriendly, inexpensive copper fluoroapatite catalyzed coupling reaction of phenols with arylboronic acids is described.


School placement is an essential part of student teachers' professional learning. Yet in Scotland, as elsewhere, there is evidence of inconsistency in the nature and quality of the support that students receive in schools. This article draws on data from 16 Secondary English student teachers on the one‐year Professional Graduate Diploma in Education in a Scottish university and focuses on their experiences of problematic working relations with class teachers in two related school contexts: an informal, socio‐cultural context and a professional context. The article seeks to problematise school placement, challenging uncontested notions of its inherent value to professional learning. Findings suggest that the kind of relations that students are able to forge on placement with professional colleagues significantly affects their capacity for professional growth in a range of ways. The implications for developing partnership relations between Initial Teacher Education programmes, local authorities and placement schools are, finally, considered.


The article is concerned with the problem of multi-step financial time series forecasting of For- eign Exchange (FX) rates. To address this problem, we introduce a parameter-free regression networktermedRegPredNet. Theexchangeratetoforecastistreatedasastochasticprocess. Itis assumed to follow a generalization of Brownian motion and the mean-reverting process referred to as generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, with time-dependent coefficients. Using past observed values of the input time series, these coefficients can be regressed online by the cells of the first half of the network (Reg). The regressed coefficients depend only on - but are very sensitive to - a small number of hyperparameters required to be set by a global optimization procedure for which, Bayesian optimization is an adequate heuristic. Thanks to its multi-layered architecture, the second half of the regression network (Pred) can project time-dependent values for the OU process coefficients and generate realistic trajectories of the time series. Predictions can be easily derived in the form of expected values estimated by averaging values obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. The forecasting accuracy on a 100 days horizon is evaluated for several of the most important FX rates such as EUR/USD, EUR/CNY and EUR/GBP. Our experimental results show that the RegPred Net significantly outperforms ARMA, ARIMA, LSTMs and Autoencoder-LSTM models in this task.


meso-Ethynyl extended aryl-picket calix[4]pyrroles 2 and 3 are designed and synthesized by directly anchoring arylethynyl groups at diametrically opposed meso-positions. The critical roles of direct ethynyl linkers are manifested through the isolation of unexpected host-anion conformers of meso-arylethynyl calix[4]pyrroles and a significant enhancement in halide binding affinities.


The purpose of this study is to investigate current issues with regard to the usage of training techniques, tools, and technology in the foodservice industry. In addition to this, the study seeks to gain an understanding of strengths and weaknesses associated with current training techniques, tools, program implementations, and solutions to training problems. Also investigated were recommendations for improved training by those who are involved in or directly conduct training as a profession. Specifically, this study examines issues related to diversity in the workforce by surveying trainers, training directors, human resource directors, and vice presidents in the foodservice industry. The study's results suggest that current training programs continue to be traditional in format and lack the diversity needed to improve the quality of communication and overall effectiveness.


The present study was undertaken; to evaluate the response of recurrent selection derived lines by the testing of (C 3 ) derived lines for genetic variability, genetic advance and heritability and to assess the effect of selection on other quantitative traits. The 16 half-sib families were selected from 3 rd cycle of recurrent selection were grown for evaluation in Randomized Block Design in Rabi 2009 -10 along with check varieties Bhima and A 1 . The expected genetic advance expressed as per cent of population mean at 10 per cent was high for seed yield per plot (48.84) followed by seed yield per plant (28.88). The expected genetic advance per cent over Bhima at 10 per cent selection intensity was high for seed yield per plot (28.27) followed by seed yield per plant (22.78). In safflower seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with days to maturity, number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitulum and 100 seed weight. Days to maturity and seed yield per plant had exhibited significant and positive correlation. Two halfsib families were identified for testing in preliminary yield evaluation trial.


In modern world through education children and adults are supposed to learn how to be active and effective citizens. Citizenship education is about enabling people to make their own decisions and to take responsibility for their own lives and communities. Educators all over the world supporting the idea of directed and controlled citizenship education as the new area of education use as an argument that citizenship education is an ideal tool for exploring national and human values. China throughout centuries made a complex original system of educational activity which always aimed to make a Citizen of China and a Chinese from a human being. In different historical periods this process belonged to sphere of ethics, state service, philosophy, education etc. The aim of this article is to represent the experiences of China as to organization of citizenship education and its dominant position in the whole educational system of the country today. Modern China is one of 15 countries of the worlds where citizenship education (in forms of political and patriotic education) is an official part and subject of the state educational program.


The article analyzes the possibilities and results of the study of the formation of competitive advantages of the Russian economy and regions in industry due to new industrialization, which are based on the economic base of the country, which was confirmed by the analysis of the main economic indicators of the Russian industry for 2017–2021. A study of the prospects and results of the development of industrialization in the Voronezh region was conducted using statistical, expert and marketing methods, taking into account the long-term forecasts of the development of the region. It is shown that the new industrialization provides for the active expansion of markets for domestic products and the diversification of high-tech enterprises; the creation of investment projects for the construction and re-equipment of industrial production; expansion of infrastructure and support for the development of an industrial park, a special economic zone, a territory of advanced socio-economic development; increasing investments in fixed assets and solving import substitution issues, which will lead to an improvement in the quality of life of the population of the region by eliminating unemployment. A great contribution to the achievement of the indicators of the region was achieved thanks to a set of measures implemented during the implementation of the strategic project "New Industrialization". Industrial production in 2021 increased by 15.2% compared to 2019, including in the manufacturing sector - by 14.6%. Positive dynamics of the industry of the Voronezh region in 2020–2021. also provided state support measures, such as the lifting of severe restrictions during the self-isolation regime. An important role in the growth of the industry of the region was played by enterprises of a continuous cycle - Minudobreniya, the plant of semiconductor devices Mikron and Voronezhsintezkauchuk, an enterprise of the Sibur holding.


Background
 Dynamic duplex sonography (DUS) is not comprehensive in the evaluation of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). We introduced a new parameter, the flow index (FI), into the assessment of arteriogenic ED.
Methods
 A retrospective review of a prospective database was conducted. Patients undergoing DUS and pelvic computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the evaluation of ED were included. The FI was calculated from peak systolic velocity (PSV) and the percentages of pelvic arterial (PLA) stenosis. Correlations between PSV, PLA stenosis, the FI, and erectile function were calculated.
Results
 Eighty-three patients were included. Compared with PSV, the FI had better correlations with the erection hardness score (rs=0.405, P< 0.001 for FI; rs= 0.294, P= 0.007 for PSV) and a better area under the curve for arteriogenic ED (AUC= 0.759 for FI; AUC= 0.700 for PSV). In patients with normal DUS but ED, PLA stenosis was more severe (62.5% vs. 10.0%, P= 0.015), and the FI was lower (8.35 vs. 57.78, P= 0.006), while PSV was not different.
Conclusion
 The FI is better than PSV in the evaluation of arteriogenic ED. On the other hand, assessment of the pelvic arterial system should be included in the evaluation of ED.


Noncontacting surface sensor based on the principle of laser triangulation has been developed for measuring the displacement of objects that have diffuse surfaces. However, (here are two major drawbacks when such a method is used for diffuse surfaces that have low reflectivity, such as a dragonfly wing. The first drawback is that the measured displacement range is limited by the poor linearity that is due to using a short focal-length lens to collect sufficient light. This problem can be understood by looking at the dashed line in Fig. 1. The second drawback is that, due to light-transfer noise inherent in every position sensor cell, reflectivity variations in the diffuse surface produce measurement errors.


The approximation of high order transfer function using particle swarm optimization method through a range of proposed fractional order transfer functions (models) has been carried out and the accuracy of such approximation has been estimated by comparing transition and frequency characteristics. The advantages of transition function approximation of induction generator with self-excitation by using fractional order transfer functions have been elucidated.


The uprising, which occurred in 1857, also known as the "Sepoy Mutiny", while is seen as a rebellion and a struggle for freedom against the Western exploitation scheme for the Indian people; In the eyes of Britain and the European States, it has been seen as a revolt of a group of corrupt rebel soldiers. East India Company, which was established to carry out commercial activities in India through the concession Britian, has taken political, social, economic and military power out of its purpose and acted as an autonomous state over time. The Company abandoned moderate policies that the company first followed when it came to the region after a while, instead of holding moderate policies it applied repressive governance and this situation has led the Indian people to hold grudges against the British and indirectly to the Europeans. This military qualified uprising against the administration of the Eastern Indian Company quickly turned into a grassroots movement and spread throughout India. Although the rebellion has not reached the desired conclusion for the Indian people, it has undoubtedly started a whole new era in India for both the Indian people and the Britain.


For different levels of deterioration and damage of high current power system harmonics on power,this paper devise a novel voltage series-parallel active power filter based on d-q assay method of reactive power theory and PWM control of space voltage vector.It use MATLAB/SIMULINK establishment of unified power quality conditioner simulation model.According to the simulation results of this model the active power filter can achieve harmonic control and compensate to reactive power effectively,and have high practical value.


This paper examines the day-of-the-week liquidity effect of CSI300 Stock Index Futures. Empirical results show that the day-of-the-week liquidity pattern exhibits a reverse V-shaped for the CSI300 index futures. The regression analysis results consistent with previous analysis also demonstrate the day-of-the-week liquidity have statistically significant effect. Furthermore, this paper investigates the influencing factors to stock index futures liquidity and give some recommendations for the trading regime of Chinese Stock Index Futures market.


Along with the rapid economic growth, it creates competition between competitors. In this world of competition, every company must accept that there are competitors who enter the world of marketing with products that can change the basic mindset of a competitor. The only solution to solve a problem is innovation, innovation is needed by companies to be able to compete in creating a product that is superior to competitors. This study aims to find out how important eco-friendly products are and the effect of eco-innovation on the business performance of stores in Batam.  This study uses a quantitative by doing the distribution of questionnaires using a purposive sampling technique. The result of the study shows that digitalization and eco-innovation have a significant effect on business performance with an index of so that it can be concluded as a satisfactory category.


The refinery at Malelane has a conventional carbonatation1 sulphitation decolourisation process and the maximum colour removal achieved is around 50%. To be competitive on both the local and export markets, it is necessary for Malelane to improve the decolourisation in the refinery. To achieve this objective a programme was implemented whereby other refining technologies are being evaluated. This paper describes tests done with activated carbon on a pilot plant scale at the Malelane Refinery. Activated carbon decolourisation trials were performed on fine liquor at the Malelane refinery with a four column pilot plant provided by Chemviron Carbon Ltd. Two trials were run with an average contact time of two hours for a total period of 33 days, the first with fresh carbon and the second with partly spent carbon in two columns and fresh carbon in the polishing columns. Daily composite samples were taken of the feed, intermediate streams and the product, and analysed for colour at pH 4, 7 and 9. Samples of the feed and product streams were sent to the Sugar Milling Research Institute (SMRI), where the liquor was boiled to produce sugar. Output colours increased slowly over the duration of the trials, with an average of 60% colour removal. No sharp colour breakthrough was observed, but some peak colour shaving took place. The magnesite buffered carbon that was used prevented pH drops in the columns and hence inversion losses. Sufficient data were gathered from the trials to enable an initial estimate to be made of the configuration of a full scale plant, and a further trial with a longer contact time may be required.


This paper investigates a symbiotic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) radio system, where the UAV is leveraged to help the IRS reflect its own signals to the base station, and meanwhile enhance the UAV transmission by passive beamforming at the IRS. First, we consider the weighted sum bit error rate (BER) minimization problem among all IRSs by jointly optimizing the UAV trajectory, IRS phase shift matrix, and IRS scheduling, subject to the minimum primary rate requirements. To tackle this complicated problem, a relaxation-based algorithm is proposed. We prove that the converged relaxation scheduling variables are binary, which means that no reconstruct strategy is needed, and thus the UAV rate constraints are automatically satisfied. Second, we consider the fairness BER optimization problem. We find that the relaxation-based method cannot solve this fairness BER problem since the minimum primary rate requirements may not be satisfied by the binary reconstruction operation. To address this issue, we first transform the binary constraints into a series of equivalent equality constraints. Then, a penalty-based algorithm is proposed to obtain a suboptimal solution. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed designs under different setups, as compared with benchmarks.


With the emergence of the side-effects of new wave of globalization in recent years, an increasingly heating anti-globalization movement is going on in the world. The whole passage suggests that correctly analyzing the reason and the character of anti-globalization movement can make people free their mind of apprehensions of globalization , take part in this more actively and efficiently, and adopt the right attitude and decision to stimulate the development of the society.


Large area molded torsional micromirrors have been fabricated from thin films of low-pressure chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride. Optical surfaces as large as 400 /spl mu/m in diameter with surface deviations less than 0.33 /spl mu/m have been fabricated from 1.5-/spl mu/m-thick layers of silicon nitride. Surface flatness was achieved by molding latticed silicon nitride fins to the backside of the mirrors. Fins as deep as 28 /spl mu/m were constructed by deep reactive ion etching bulk silicon to produce molds for the fins prior to silicon nitride deposition. Mirrors with fins were shown to be insensitive to temperature effects within the range of 50-120 /spl deg/C. An optical switch with insertion loss less than 2 dB was constructed with the mirrors, demonstrating their potential as switch elements in optical systems.


Ancestral medicine is a millennial method which uses resources that are practically available to all social groups, whether natural or spiritual, which is why it is common to observe many people putting this knowledge into practice on a daily basis.


Zinc and cobalt complexes with 2-aminobenzothiazole were synthesized.The chemical feature,composition and thermal stability of resultant complexes were analyzed by means of infrared spectrometry,elemental analysis,and thermogravimetry.The crystal structure of the complexes was determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction.Moreover,the antibacterial activities of the complexes against staphylococcus aureus,colibacillus and microzyme were evaluated via invitro activity testing.It was found that Zn(Ⅱ)and Co(Ⅱ) atoms were four-coordinated with two O atoms and two N atoms forming a distorted tetrahedral geometry.Both complexes had strong selective antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus,colibacillus and microzyme.


Is 98.6° F obsolete? In the US, 98.6° F (37° C) has been accepted as normal body temperature since the 19th century. New evidence suggests that this standard temperature is too high. Researchers analyzed 677,423 temperature measurements from three time periods: 1862–1930, 1971–1975, and 2007– 2017. After adjusting for age, height, weight, and in some models date and time of day, they found that mean body temperature in men and women has decreased by 0.05° F per birth decade. The researchers say that a decrease in population-wide inflammation is the most likely explanation. In developed nations, improved sanitation, higher standards of living, better dental hygiene, and management of chronic infections and diseases such as tuberculosis have all served to decrease chronic inflammation in the population at large. Noting that a person's body temperature is influenced by myriad factors including age, weather, and time of day, coauthor Julie Parsonnet, MD, estimates that at least 75% of normal body temperatures are below 98.6° F. "Even in younger adults at the end of the day, when temperatures are at their highest, the temperature still doesn't get up to 98.6° F," she said in an interview. "In the elderly, it would be quite unusual to have a temperature as high as 98.6°." Sources: Protsiv M, Ley C, Lankester J, Hastie T, Parsonnet J. Decreasing human body temperature in the United States since the industrial revolution. Elife. 2020;9:e49555. Fischer K. Forget 98.6° F. Humans are cooling off—here's why. Healthline.org. Jan. 12, 2020. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 13 urgent health priorities highlighted The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a list of 13 urgent global health challenges that must be addressed in this decade. These include stopping infectious diseases, which will kill an estimated 4 million people this year, and investing in more healthcare workers. The WHO predicts that the world will need 18 million additional healthcare workers by 2030. The list was developed with input from experts around the world. The challenges are interrelated and not listed in order of priority. Other health challenges include: RI O / S H U TT ER ST O C K Clinical Rounds


The utility model relates to a multifunctional combined training appliance for the art of attack and defence, which is mainly composed of a plurality of training appliances for the art of attack and defence and a support frame. A support frame element can be a multifunctional body-building apparatus or a post for the art of attack and defence; the support frame is provided with at least two training appliances for the art of attack and defence; the permutations and combinations forms are various, and each form can be used for training scores of martial arts.. Compared with separated appliances with same functions, the utility model has the advantages of small size, small land occupation, a few manufacture materials, low cost, convenient placement and use, etc. The utility model is extremely suitable for martial art training, boxing training, karate training, tae kwon do training, tai boxing training, etc., and can be used as a superior appliance for police training, military training, art athlete of attack and defence training and amateur training.


Purpose - This paper aims to provide a new approach for the credit risk management process of profit and loss sharing instruments in Islamic banks. Design/methodology/approach - Three credit risk management steps are elaborated for profit and loss sharing instruments. Findings - First, a new credit risk definition compatible with profit and loss sharing instruments is done. Connected to this definition, possible credit risk factors are identified. Second, in terms of credit risk measurement, a general framework for credit scoring of prospective customer-agents is drawn. Lastly, three groups of credit risk mitigation tools are suggested. Research limitations/implications - The paper can be developed further by empirical analyses and case studies. Originality/value - Even though credit risk is a well-known and deeply elaborated financial concept in conventional literature, its unique characteristics in terms of profit and loss sharing instruments have not been sufficiently elaborated in Islamic finance literature. This paper is an attempt to fill in this gap.


Although the EU-Commission is lacking a formal authority for spatial planning it performs regional policy: by using the structure funds, the European nature conservation policy, the TEN etc. In addition, given the political structure and context of the EU a European spatial planning strategy should be impossible (it would have the counterproductive effect of strengthening the supranational control power). But despite all this, a European spatial planning strategy is developing based on networks of vertical «planning fraternities» (connecting national and supranational senior officers). The model of the conceptual thrust is not at all the German system but rather a mixture between the French (projectoriented) regional policy and the Dutch spatial coordinating strategy. However, the highly fragmented and sectorialized policy system of the EU will hardly allow anything else but a regional policy although at a higher level of regional rationality. No doubt, a strengthened European regional policy will back th...


Th is study presents a molecular analysis of 3 important human and animal serovars of Salmonella: Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Abortusovis. We also provide information that can be applied in the surveillance of salmonellosis. Over the course of 3 decades, 90 isolates were collected, with 30 isolates representing each type of serovar. In addition to conventional serotyping, serovars were confi rmed by polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR and IS200 PCR). Pulsed-fi eld gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of the serovars confi rmed 12, 15, and 20 patterns, respectively. In an analysis of the results, 5 pulsotypes (80% of isolates) of Salmonella Typhimurium and 4 pulsotypes (64% of isolates) of Salmonella Enteritidis were confi rmed to be prevalent, and Salmonella Abortusovis showed unexpectedly high diversity, with just 2 prevalent pulsotypes (40% of isolates). S. Enteritidis and S. Abortusovis were identifi ed as polyphyletic (possibly the fi rst report), while S. Typhimurium was identifi ed as monophyletic. Th e combination of PFGE, random amplifi ed polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) with 2 primers, and antibiotic susceptibility tests showed 29, 23, and 21 distinct patterns in the serovars, respectively; for this combination of methods, the value of the discrimination index was established at more than 0/95 in each serovar. Th e results of this study indicate that this combination of methods can increase the discrimination index. It is therefore suitable and applicable for use in a Salmonella surveillance system, especially in endemic regions in which there is no active surveillance system or information.


A method of increasing the diffraction efficiency of hologram by using dilute deve-lopment is presented. Characteristic curve of dilute development, relation between the de-veloping time, the exposure and the diffraction efficiency are given. The high diffraction efficiency of three kinds of holographic plates have been obtained.


D URING 1995, THE U.S. Congress and many state legislatures will be faced with proposals to allow industries to conceal environmental and safety studies ("audits") from scrutiny by government, the public, and members of the work force. Advocates of these new corporate secrecy rights assert that giving secrecy protection to businesses' internal environmental studies will allow enterprises to undertake more aggressive efforts to improve their environmental performance. Secrecy, they assert, will allow firms to analyze frankly and in detail their environmental and safety compliance needs, without providing adverse parties with written "road maps" for prosecution or other uses. This argument is finding growing receptivity among lawmakers and other officials. For instance, four states have already enacted laws providing such secrecy rights; the EPA has itself opened a process to reconsider its audit policiesin light of these arguments. Yet the drawbacks of these new corporate privileges have hardly been considered. (2) Their introduction threatens' te create anew, massive and ill-defined body of industrial secrecy rights. Instead of promoting environmental excellence and the public's Right to Know, the new laws encourage companies to "game the system" so as to pick and choose among violations that they will rectify, rather than fully complying with the law. The new laws would also undercut the promise of a new trend toward empowering neighbors and workers to participate directly in plant auditing to promote continuous environmental improvements. This paper presents an analysis of this issue. Webegin by describing current law and policy on audit concealment. Secondly, we analyze one of the most prominent privilege bills, the proposed federal "Environmental Audit Protection Act," (Sponsor: Sen. Mark Hatfield, R-QR,S. 2371). Finally, we propose an alternative policy framework, to promote environmentalexcellence by providing firms with incentives to conduct reliable studies which are disclosed to government and affectEd stakeholders. Additional incentives beyond existing laws would be provided for firms that .eonduct and disclose one of three types of carefullydelineated audits.


Nowadays, there is a great deal of effort on speed-sensorless control of induction motors (IMs) due to the fact that IMs require low maintenance, can operate in harsh environmental conditions, and are easy to produce. The removal of the speed sensor has advantages such as cost reduction, enhanced drive safety, noise cancellation caused by sensor wiring, and so on. As a result of this intense interest, model based several methods have been proposed in the literature such as open-loop estimators (Bolognani et al., 2008), model reference adaptive systems (Kumar et al. 2015), observers (Atkinson et al., 1991; Lee and Blaabjerg, 2005; Zhao et al., 2014), etc. One of those methods, called extended Kalman filter (EKF), is a stochastic approach to nonlinear state and/or parameter estimation problem taking into account both the model errors and measurement noises. In the literature, there are different studies in which EKF based state/parameter estimation is executed. Those studies can be divided into two groups: First group of studies (Alsofyani and Idris, 2016) in which the speed is assumed to be a constant state with the assumption that it changes slowly with respect to the electrical parameters and the second group of studies (Barut et al., 2007; Barut et al., 2012; Bogosyan et al., 2007; Inan and Barut, 2014; Zerdali and Barut, 2016; Zerdali and Barut, 2017) where the speed is included in the IM model with the help of equation of motion. The second group of studies is also needed to improve estimation performance especially in the low speed region, since it better reflects mechanical movements of IM by adopting IM as an electromechanical system; however, it is necessary to know the mechanical parameters such as unknown load torque, inertia varying with the load coupled to the shaft, and viscous friction (Barut et al., 2007). Power Electronics and Drives 3(38), No. 1, 2018 DOI: 10.2478/pead-2018-0002


AIM: To explore the fibrinogen evaluation problems and solution in phase I clinical trials.METHODS: Through a new phase I trial,there were 54 cases in phase I clinical trial volunteers' fibrinogen test,and analysised the results.RESULTS:Fibrinogen change did not exist consistency,between 30 cases in single dose trial,there were 26 cases fibrinogen reduced;In subsequent continuous drug trials to join the comfort drug group,the results of the two groups still did not exist consistency between groups,trial drug and placebo group fibrinogen appear consistency changes,confirm the changes of fibrinogen is none of test drug.CONCLUSION: Fibrinogen test is affected by many kinds of factors,should be standardized operation process to reduce the influence;identify proper testing index range and inclusion criteria;can install placebo group if necessary,using a variety of means for causality assessment of the laboratory adverse events.


This resource list could serve to orient those interested in global surgery and could be supplemented with resources advocating for global surgery from clinical, population health, or policy perspectives. Key Messages The most useful resource reported was Global Surgery 2030, along with other publications, data collection tools, books and training manuals, and a documentary. This list could serve as a starting point for individuals interested in global surgery and be supplemented with resources advocating for global surgery from clinical, population health, or policy perspectives.


In the presented work the effect of graphene platelets (GPLs) grade and mixture homogenization parameters on the microstructure and selected properties of Si3N4 – graphene composites have been investigated. Three different commercial grades of the multilayer graphene platelets were used as a filler for ceramic matrix. The mixtures of silicon nitride powder with 2wt% of GPLs were prepared using planetary mill at 200 – 400 rpm for 1 – 16 h. The water, acetone and isopropanol have been tested as a wetting medium. The composites were sintered using Spark Plasma Sintering – SPS at 1650 °C under 35 MPa of uniaxial pressure during the whole cycle. Microstructure, density, Young modulus, hardness and indentation fracture toughness of the sintered samples have been investigated. The microstructure homogeneity of the composites depends mainly on the milling duration. Milling process should last for about 4 – 8 h at 200 rpm for optimum results. Mechanical properties of the composites are slightly varied depending on the mixture preparation parameters. The homogenization time has a little stronger influence on the Young's modulus and hardness in the case of composites containing larger graphene sheets, in connection with the fragmentation of its microstructure. The best properties have composites reinforced by the GPLs characterised both by the smallest thickness and lateral size of nanosheets.


Unconventional wavefront sensing strategies are being developed to provide alternatives for measuring the wave-front deformation of a laser beam propagating through strong turbulence and/or along a horizontal path. In this paper we present a modified wavefront-sensorless (WFS) adaptive optical (AO) system where the well-known stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm is extended with a-priori knowledge of the spatial and temporal statistics related to atmospheric turbulence. Here, a modal implementation of the correction algorithm allows us to exploit modal wavefront decomposition to decrease SPGD optimization complexity. We also propose an implementation of a modal decomposition based on Karhunen-Lo eve polynomials instead of the common Zernike polynomials. Appropriate calibration of the deformable mirror is also presented. Performance evaluation of this modified wavefront-sensorless AO system is carried out in a realistic simulated turbulence environment and the results are compared against the traditional, zonal SPGD algorithms.


The characteristic flame behaviors and velocity fields of a plane-jet flame modulated by a fluidic oscillator were experimentally studied. The flame behaviors were observed by the traditional photographic technique. The time-averaged velocity fields of the jet flame were measured by a high-speed particle image velocimeter. The temperature distributions of the jet flame were measured by an R-type thermocouple. The pulsating reacting jets issued from the side slots of the fluidic-oscillator burner formed two diffusion flames. By observing the flame behavior at around burner exit, three characteristic flame modes: attached flame, transitional flame, and lifted flame, were identified in the domain of central jet Reynolds number and coflowing air jets Reynolds number. The time-averaged velocity field showed that a source point is formed in the wake of the target blockage. Above the source point, the flow goes downstream direction. Beneath the source point, the flow reverses toward upstream direction, and then forms a reverse flow region. Two adjacent vorticity-concentrated areas with opposite signs were formed around the region where the pulsating fuel jet interacts with the coflowing air jets. The increase of pulsating jet velocity asserted a large momentum impinging on the coflowing air jets, therefore caused the coflowing air jets to deflect toward transverse direction. The axial velocity, turbulence intensity, and temperature distributions of the lifted flame mode presented larger values than those of the attached flame and transitional flame modes.


Water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells rely on molecular sensitizers to harvest light energy and drive the catalytic reactions necessary to generate hydrogen and oxygen from water. The desorption of sensitizer molecules from the semiconductor–aqueous electrolyte interface is a significant barrier to the practical implementation of these cells. To address this problem, we synthesized an oligomeric ruthenium dye ([RuP]n) that has dramatically improved stability as a photosensitizer for TiO2 electrodes over the pH range of interest (4–7.8) for DSPECs. Additionally, the efficiency of photoelectrochemical charge separation is known to depend on the rate of cross-surface hole diffusion between dye molecules. The oligomeric dye ([RuP]n) shows an order of magnitude faster cross-surface hole diffusion than the commonly used monomeric [Ru(bpy)2(4,4-PO3H2)2bpy]2+ (RuP) sensitizer. The enhanced stability of the polymeric dye also enables the use of intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy to m...


Text automatic classification is the main part of information processing.This paper introduces the basic process and main techniques of Chinese text classification,and makes the text categorization system based on Support Vector Machines(SVM)come true.We compared the text classification results with three kinds of kernel functions of SVM.The experiments show that RBF kernel function can achieve the best result.


The Sliding Window Lempel-Ziv (SWLZ) algorithm has been studied from various perspectives in information theory literature. In this paper, we provide a general law which defines the asymptotics of match length for stationary and ergodic zero entropy processes. Moreover, we use this law to choose the match length Lo in the almost sure optimality proof of Fixed Shift Variant of Lempel-Ziv (FSLZ) and SWLZ algorithms given in literature. First, through an example of stationary and ergodic processes generated by irrational rotation we establish that for a window size of nw a compression ratio given by O(log nw/nwa) where a is arbitrarily close to 1 and 0 <; a <; 1, is obtained under the application of FSLZ and SWLZ algorithms. Further, we give a general expression for the compression ratio for a class of stationary and totally ergodic processes with zero entropy.


Midline dermoid cysts are uncommon lesions that can lead to severe complications when an intracranial extension exists. We report the cases of two twin sisters referred to surgery for removal of the masses and the intracranial extension. They represent an additional example of familial nasal dermoid cysts, providing further support for a genetic basis for the disorder.


Landscapes in eastern Spain are characterized by a wide range of erosion susceptibility. We hypothesized that parent material and vegetation affect infiltration, runoff, and erosion. Sixty field rainfall simulation trials (55 mm during 1 h on 0.22-0.27 m 2 plots) were carried out on soils formed on marl, clay, limestone, and sandstone parent material under three vegetation cover rates: 0 to 20 (bare), 40 to 60 (intermediate), and 80 to 100% (vegetated) in eastern Spain to test this hypothesis. Surface runoff and erosion were related to parent material and vegetation cover. Vegetation enhanced infiltration and reduced surface runoff and erosion, and their variability decreased as vegetation cover increased. For bare soils, the steady-state infiltration rates ranged from 3 to 55 mm h 1 , the runoff from 0 to 83%, and the erosion rates from 0 to 3720 g m 2 h -1 . On the vegetated soil, the values were 53 to 55 mm h -1 , 0 to 9%, and 0 to 6 g m -2 h -1 , respectively, for infiltration, runoff, and erosion rates. Runoff and erosion were greatest for marl soils (0-83% and 0-3720 g m -2 h -1 , respectively) and intermediate for clay and limestone (0-46% and 0-131 g m -2 h 1 ). Sandstone generated negligible water and soil losses (0-7 % and 0-0.29 g m 2 h 1 ). The interaction of vegetation and parent material showed that, on marl soils, plant cover was the main factor preventing high runoff and erosion rates.


After excavated out the original surface in Baochang to Sanhaodi highway of National Road 207,improved the stability of the embankment by using impact rolling construction in order to reduce differential settlement.Combining with the test section construction of impact rolling,this paper introduces the application of subgrade base reinforced by impact rolling in highway combining with test section from aspects such as geological condition,process control,construction parameter,conclusion,data collection and analysis.


RNA silencing is gene regulatory process mediated by 2 1 to 25 nt RNA which ori,' ~ ~ t n a t c from longer singleor double-stranded RNA transcripts. After synthesis, the 2 1 to 25 nt RNAs are incorporated into argonaute containing RNA-protein complexes acting either prcor posttranscriptionally silcncing heterochromatin or silencing RNA transcripts. respectivcly. Plants can be infected with viral satellites. which are small infectious agents comprised of 200-400 nt single-stranded RNA genomes. These satellite genomes lack obvious protcin coding regions and adopt characteristic secondary structures. Viral satellites depend on helper viruses for replication as the latter provide the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. One viral satellite system is the Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) and its Y-Satellite RNA (Y-Sat). This hclper virus (CMV) and satellite (Y-Sat) pair can infect a range of plants including tobacco, causes particular tobacco strains to yellow. In a recent study, Wang et al. (PNAS 101 :3275-3280) demonstratcd that symptoms of the CMV Y-Sat were no longer evident despite an accumulation ofY-Sat RNA. This symptom suppression was due to an endogenously expressed strong RNA silencing suppressor called PI IHC-Pro. I cloned and sequenced 698 small RNA from infected and non-infected plants. Analyzing the cloning data I observed a sharp discrepancy between the size distribution of cloned small RNAs in the histogram versus the autoradiograni of 5' radiolabelled RNA in PIIHC-Pro(+) CMVIY-Sat(+) plants. Using enzymatic assays and a new band-shift assay I proved that viral small RNA in PIIIIC-Pro expressing plants were not modified on the 2'-hydroxyl of their 3' terminus, but commonly cloned endogenous micro RNAs were modified. The analysis ot'thcse results was greatly facilitated by my software called Ebbie, an automated sequencing data analysis pipeline using a dynamic web page, which assists the process of annotating cloned small RNAs. These tindings imply a separation between the multiple small RNA biogenesis pathways for RNA silencing in plants v i a sub-cellular localization andlor recruiting distinct sets of proteins by each pathway. My research also showed that all small RNAs in plants have a 3' terminal modification, a significant difference between animal and plant RNA silencing pathways.


In this study GPS-based antenna tracking and signal beamforming system is considered to improve the data transmission quality, capacity and distance (range) of a small drone with ground station. The design phases and the performances for various cases are presented.


New CoII, NiII and CuII complex ha as been synthesized and characterized by elemental annalysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR and thermal analysis Binding of this is CoII, NiII and CuII complex with calf thymus DNA w was investigated by UV-Visible absorption, fluorescence sp pectroscopy techniques. The intrinsic binding constan nts Kb of complex with CT-DNA obtained from UV-Vis a absorption studies. Further, the in vitro cytotoxic e effect of the complexes examined on cancerous cell line, succh as human breast cancer cells (MCF-7).


The main purpose of the present paper is to provide two program schemes that can be taken as a basis for the design of parallel algorithms for a wide series of cases. Moreover, composition of basic schemes is considered, and also a notation that allows to preserve the charcteristic simplicity of algorithms oriented to indefinite execution, into a context of expected termination.


In the wake of 9/11, fragile and confl ict-affected states (FCAS) have become a preoccupation of the international community, resulting in a signifi cant increase of offi cial development assistance (ODA) over the last decade. Accompanying this infl ux of money has been a steep learning curve as to what works and what doesn't in effectively supporting the transition out of confl ict and fragility. It is now recognized that most of the forces shaping events in FCAS are outside of the control of the international community. However, the one element that is within the control of the donors is their fi nancing.


A light emitting display and a control method thereof are provided to reduce memory of a lookup table and to simplify hardware by intensively compensating luminance of easily degraded region of a pixel unit. A light emitting display includes a pixel unit(100) comprising plural scan lines(S1~Sn), plural data lines(D1~Dm), and plural pixels(50) electrically connected to the scan and data lines; a power supply unit(200) supplying power to the pixel unit through a power line(L1); a current measuring unit(300) dividing the pixel unit into first and second regions and measuring the current flowing in each pixel included in the second region; a data correction unit(400) correcting video data corresponding to the second region according to a current value measured in the current measuring unit; a data driving unit(500) transmitting a data signal corresponding to the corrected video data transmitted from the data correction unit, to the data lines; and a scan driving unit(600) applying a scan signal to the scan lines.


Learning to be an engineer means learning to participate in engineering discourse: the words, visuals, routines, and narratives through which engineers think and communicate. An important goal for engineering education is uncovering the processes by which young people take up and become fluent in engineering discourse, and how teachers and mentors can aid them in this process. Growing evidence suggests that participation in out‐of‐school maker activities—a class of informal design and build activities—holds promise to help youth gain interest and skill in engineering design.


Since the development of source, network, load and storage, a series of risks have been brought to the power system, whose safe and stable operation is threatened. It is of great significance to study the intrinsic safety risk assessment of power system for risk management and control. First, according to the concept of intrinsic safety, the definition and connotation of the essential security of the power system were put forward, emphasizing that planning is the fundamental guarantee for improving the intrinsic safety level; Then, based on the probabilistic load flow and Monte Carlo simulation method, a power system risk assessment methods and processes that takes into account the uncertainty of new energy and load were proposed; Next, safety and economic risk indicators and weighting methods were proposed to establish system risk calculation methods; Finally, the case analysis was carried out based on IEEE-39 node system for risk assessment, and the impact of changes in source, load, and storage on risk was discussed in different scenarios.


In my work, I investigated the bulk phase behavior and the liquid/air interfacial properties of oppositely charged polyelectrolyte/ surfactant mixtures.
These systems are widely used in numerous applications, such as detergents, cosmetics, and paints. Due to the significant volume of application and great industrial importance, there has been a large number of investigations to gain the understanding of their properties, and optimizing the features.
Oppositely charged polyelectrolyte/ surfactant systems are often show non-equilibrium characteristics. At a given concentration range they form two-phase systems that often do not reach equilibrium on the timescale of the measurements.
In the first part of my work I investigated the bulk phase behavior of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (pdadmac) and sodium decylsuplhate (SDeS) mixtures by means of turbidity and electrophoretic mobility measurements. Turbidity tests determined the phase separation range and the phase separation time scale. Electrophoretic mobility measurements determined the surfactant concentration necessary to create a neutral complex. The electrophoretic mobility measurements have also confirmed that the PE/S complexes formed in surfactant excess does not develop large enough surface charge density before the cmc to gain colloid stability. Thus, the pdadmac/SDeS system does not form a kinetically stabilized colloid dispersion.
I also investigated the interfacial properties of the pdadmac/SDeS system using surface tension measurement. The addition of even a small amount of surfactant causes large the surface decrease, indicating that the studied polyelectrolyte / surfactant system is highly surface active. In the phase separation region a transient surface tension peak can be found. This is due to the formation of large aggregates on mixing in the bulk phase in the phase separation region. These aggregates can reach the interface much slower than individual PE/S complexes due to their much larger size. The investigation of the surface tension of aged pdadmac/SDeS samples clearly shows that the PE/S aggregates does not settle fully even after three days that is the system does not reach equilibrium during this time.


Every May, Gastroenterology publishes a supplementary issue, the "13th Issue", that is devoted to a specific theme. In 2011, the theme was inflammatory bowel disease and last year's was viral hepatitis. This year the board of editors unanimously decided that it was necessary to devote the 13th Issue to the exocrine pancreas and its disorders. Because of the rapid pace of developing new information on mechanisms of the diseases of the exocrine pancreas in the recent past, and the fact that we are approaching a crossroads of converting this mechanistic understanding into new treatments for patients with these diseases, it was an ideal choice. For these reasons, we had the privilege to recruit leading authorities in both the basic and clinical sciences to update our readers in topics of importance in both domains. Also, we will outline the challenges that lie ahead, as well as the approaches that may be utilized to advance the care of patients with pancreatic disease. We anticipate that this juxtaposition of topics will spur innovations and lead to critical new treatments. We have divided the issue into 2 sections. The first section includes topics of basic investigation related to biology and disease mechanisms; the second is focused on clinical manifestations and management of pancreatic disorders.


It is shown that α-cyclodextrine (CD) is a prospective organic support for polymerization catalysts of olefins. By supporting methylaluminoxane, trimethylaluminium and Cp 2 ZrCl 2 on CD separately or successively, the ethylene polymerization could be initiated even with ordinary trialkylaluminium and the thermal properties of PE were improved


The aim of this study is to investigate how sound absorbing materials like curtains should be modelled in geometrical acoustic (GA) software when hung freely in space. The use of these tools is widespread today. Whatever the scope of the simulation, dealing with textile materials can be particularly challenging as they both absorb and transmit sound, and absorption is dependent on distance of the walls. Therefore, care must be taken to enter properly validated data. Absorption coefficients found in the literature are measured with samples close to wall, and are not suitable when materials are hung freely. The effects of material placement on both absorption and transmission coefficients were therefore investigated using scaled-down physical models of a reverberant chamber and a church. Subsequently, GA models of both spaces were used to demonstrate that simulated results are reliable assuming that absorption and transmission coefficients are correctly determined.


In the present study, air quality analyses for sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) were conducted in Tehran, Capital of Iran. The measurements were taken in four different locations to prepare average data in the city. The averages concentrations were calculated for every 24 hours, each month and each season. Results showed that the highest concentration of sulfur dioxide occurs generally in the mid-night and beginning of morning while the least concentration was found at the afternoon. Monthly concentrations of the sulfur dioxide showed the highest value in August while the least value in April. The seasonal concentrations showed the least amounts in spring while the highest in summer. Then Relations between the air pollutant and some meteorological parameters were calculated statistically using the daily average data. The wind data (velocity, direction), relative humidity, temperature, sunshine periods, dew point and rainfall were considered as independent variables. The level relationships between concentration of pollutant and meteorological parameters were expressed by multiple linear and nonlinear regression equations for both annual and seasonal conditions using SPSS software. RMSE test showed that among different prediction models, stepwise model is the best option.


Why does reading and writing matter in modern societies? How do we know adult literacy education does any good? This publication pulls together a wide range of evidence to build an argument about why literacy matters to all of us. The author explains that we can look at literacy as a set of capabilities, leading to an inclusive and open way of thinking about what people do with written language. The book sets out to present the evidence and to provide insights for policymakers, practitioners and others interested in the vital questions around literacy today. It offers a contribution to the continuing debate about both accountability in adult learning in general terms and the specific development of systems in adult literacy and numeracy. In recent years, a number of arguments have been advanced in support of adult literacy and numeracy programmes, such as suggestions that they contribute to a more productive workforce and address the inadequacies of schooling. There have been ever-increasing demands for such programmes to prove their worth, but a lack of hard evidence. Through a presentation of the wider outcomes of literacy and numeracy learning, discussing the complexities and potential of such work, this book is an attempt to address some of these questions, by firstly examining the research evidence, then looking at what would be a useful step in understanding the effects of literacy education, with strategic suggestions.


The career and contributions of William McMurray are recounted. One of the founding fathers of power electronics, he was world renowned for his invention of the McMurray inverter as well as the McMurray-Bedford inverter and other snubber and commutation circuits.