The study presented here uses data from the NORC General Social Surveys to explore the effects of measurable school characteristics on student achievement. What separates this study from many others is the use of aggregate data on older cohorts, usually associated with research on the influence of school inputs on earnings. Earnings studies have tended to find substantial effects, while much of the research on achievement using contemporary, cross-sectional data has not. We find substantively large effects, similar in size to those found in many earnings-focused studies. In this way, our results point to the importance of aggregation and cohort effects in modeling the relationship between school inputs and student outcomes. The level of data aggregation, in particular, appears important, bringing into question causal interpretations of the results of studies using aggregate data to assess school input effects.


Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a low-grade vascular tumor known for its association with HHV-8 and AIDS. There are four variants of Kaposi sarcoma with characteristic presentation namely: classic, endemic, iatrogenic and epidemic/AIDS related. Kaposi sarcoma typically presents as lesions involving mucocutaneous regions however visceral organs and lymph nodes may be involved too. Osseous involvement with Kaposi is rare. We present a rare case of HIV-AIDS related KS with metastasis to bone and lungs. Case Description: A 38-year-old male with a history of HIV on Highly active antiretroviral (HAART) therapy, CD4 count of 140 and undetectable viral load presented to the emergency department (ED) for evaluation of right-sided colicky abdominal pain due to a non-obstructing right mid ureteral calculus 2mm without hydronephrosis. Medical history was significant for cutaneous biopsy-proven Kaposi Sarcoma for which the patient was being treated with doxorubicin. Computed Tomography (CT) Pelvis done for abdominal pain revealed osseous lucencies in pelvis which was further defined via MRI as metastatic lesions involving lumbar spine, pelvis, sacrum, and bilateral femurs. Chest x ray revealed bilateral opacities. CT-Chest revealed diffuse bronchial wall thickening with peri-broncho-vascular nodularity and mass like consolidation at the central right middle lobe. Viral panel including COVID and sputum culture were negative. He underwent bronchoscopy which showed multiple areas of red macular lesions on bilateral airways involving the carina of LUL-lingula, superior segment of left upper lobe, right middle lobe, and right lower lobe, consistent with Kaposi sarcoma. BAL was negative for opportunistic infection. Biopsy of the pulmonary lesions was deferred given highly vascular nature of suspected Kaposi sarcoma, with plans to have bone biopsy in the future. However, given the metastatic bone lesions and presence of lung lesions consistent phenotypically with Kaposi, patient was diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma with pulmonary and bony metastasis. Treatment with doxorubicin was continued with plans to follow up outpatient. Discussion: Kaposi sarcoma is an angioproliferative mesenchymal neoplasm which is the most common AIDS-Defining malignancy. KS usually involves skin, oral mucosa, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, liver, and spleen, rarely bone or skeletal muscles. Osseous KS lesions are thought to be associated with long-standing and locally aggressive cutaneous African and Classic KS lesions, or with AIDS-associated mucosal KS lesions that penetrate underlying bone. Osseous KS portends poor prognosis. Treatment is usually HAART with chemotherapy. This case highlights an unusual presentation of Kaposi sarcoma with bony involvement in a patient on HAART.


Context. Thanks to huge surveys, such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the last decade has shown a dramatic increase in the number of known quasars. In the second release of the general compiled catalogue Large Quasar Astrometric Catalogue (LQAC), 187 504 objects are recorded. Aims. From this catalogue, we carry out statistical studies dealing with several topics: the astrometric accuracy of the quasars, their spatial location, the distribution of the distance to the closest neighbour, the identification of binary quasars, the completness of catalogues at a given magnitude and the estimation of the number of quasars expected to be detected by the astrometric space mission Gaia. Methods. We analyse the astrometric improvements brought by the LQAC-2 in terms of equatorial coordinates off-sets. We plot the bi-dimensional spatial distribution of the LQAC-2 quasars according to their equatorial, galactic, and ecliptic coordinates, thus exploring the anisotropy of the distribution. We compare the observed distribution of closest neighbours with the theoretical values based on a Poisson distribution. Moreover, we perform a comparison between two catalogues, the SDSS and the 2dF inside a huge common field. By extrapolating to the whole sky we deduce the number of quasars that will be detected by Gaia. Results. We show how the equatorial, ecliptic, and galactic distribution of recorded quasars is strongly affected by the galactic extinction as well as by the deficiency of detections in the southern hemisphere. In homogenous zones covered by the SDSS survey we identify a significant excess of closest neighbours at short angular distances, with respect to the theoretical estimation, which is caused by the presence of binary quasars. Moreover, we detail the incompletness of systematic survey catalogues at any magnitude threshold, when comparing two huge surveys such as the SDSS and 2dF. Following this study we deduce the number of quasars detected by Gaia under a given magnitude threshold. For V = 20, this number should be at least 1 million objects.


For many years, the banking industry has required close supervision owing to its central yet delicate role in economic life. In a short time, the business has moved from a local, country‐based jurisdiction to a global arena, on a massive scale. This development has forced regulation to adopt an international perspective, to keep in step with the commercial developments. This paper analyses this move from local to global regulation of banking, finding that the efforts seem to be reactive rather than proactive. In addition, the regulatory endeavours have become enmeshed in international economic competition, and sophisticated regulatory arbitrage is being conducted on a global playing field. Thus, regulatory objectives and standards are being increasingly compromised or subverted. Paradoxically, just as the banking business is becoming increasingly risky and scandalous, regulation is becoming weaker, posing serious challenges to the future of the world economy and society.


Topographic profiles for planetary wrinkle ridges compiled from high-resolution Lunar Topographic Orthophoto maps for the moon and from monoscopic photoclinometry data for Mars reveal that many of these ridges are characterized by an elevation offset between one side of a ridge and the other. To investigate the relative importance of faulting and folding in the formation of planetary wrinkle ridges, this paper develops a model of subsurface structure, based on observations and measurements of surface physiography and topography by Golombek and Franklin (1987) and Plescia (1990), and assumptions of subsurface structure, which makes it possible to estimate shortening across wrinkle ridges on Moon and Mars. According to this model, total ridge shortening is on the order of 100 m; shortening due to faulting exceeds shortening due to folding for fault dips up to 60-80 deg, implying that faults beneath many wrinkle ridges break the surface to accomodate the greater displacement along the fault than is accomodated in the fold.


Background: Nosocomial pneumonia in an intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with a high mortality rate. Diagnosing a respiratory tract infection in critically ill patients is still difficult but detailed information for the pathogens is needed to establish an adequate antimicrobial treatment. This study examined the causative organisms and their antimicrobial resistance using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from patients suspected of having pneumonia in the ICU. Methods: From January 2004 to June 2006, ICU patients with diffuse lung infiltration were prospectively enrolled. The BAL was used to diagnose the respiratory infection, with 104 > or = organisms considered a positive result. The most common organisms and their antimicrobial resistances were analyzed from the quantitative BAL cultures in the burn ICU and non-burn ICU. Results: A total 72 patients were included, 35 (M 29, F 6) in the burn ICU and 37 (M 26, F 11) in the non-burn ICU. 27 patients (77.1%) in the burn ICU and 22 patients (59.5%) in the non-burn ICU met the criteria for a positive BAL culture. The major pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All strains (100%) of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from BAL (9 cases) were methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in the burn ICU, but 5 strains (71.4%, 7 cases) were MRSA in the non-burn ICU. Regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the rate of resistance to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, imipenem, ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam in the burn and non-burn ICU ranged from 45.5% to 90% and 25% to 50%, respectively. In addition, the rate of resistance of Acinetobacter species to the above drugs in the burn and non-burn ICU ranged from 81.8% to 100% and 62.5% to 100%, respectively. Conclusions: These results are expected to provide useful guidelines for choosing the effective empirical antimicrobial therapy in patients with lung infiltrations in the burn and non-burn ICU.


A corrosion database system for thermal devices of thermal power plant is described. With Access97 as database platform, this database stored corrosion information of 30 common metals in many kinds of corrosives. With SQL inquiry, more than 10 inquiry ways can be provided. With Excel97 as report server, report can be generated very conveniently. This database system is easy to operate and can provide remote access service also.


In the present study, accident statistics of 2011 to 2014 has resolved Vidya path as a black spot. In addition, attempt has been made to investigate the prevailing conditions of two V3 road stretches i.e. (Stretch – 1: road dividing sec – 14 and 15 and Stretch – 2: road dividing sec – 11 and 12) of Chandigarh for accidental risk. The moral of investigation has cleared that all the prime associated parties i.e. traffic, speed and users/driver are favoring the accidental risk; as during peak hour the road stretches were found short of capacity, speed of vehicles was over the legal speed and the users were ignoring the rules and regulation of driving. Consequently, the injury and life risk for pedestrians and cyclists are at the most. The preventive measures for the same are also incorporated.


The steady state gas dynamic model of magnetosheath magnetic fields previously developed by Spreiter and Stahara (1980) is generalized for the common situation of a temporally varying interplanetary field orientation. Examples for the particular case of Venus in the solar wind illustrate the application of the model to the passage of rotational discontinuities and MHD waves through planetary magnetosheaths. The results of this model illustrate how the field structure near a planetary magnetopause or ionopause can be affected by interplanetary field variations rather than by local processes because of the "pile up" of magnetosheath fields from a sequence of upstream fields. Changes in the spectrum of interplanetary waves on their transmission to the magnetopause are also indicated.


The invention discloses a fixing device used for fixing a to-be-detected animal in a photoacoustic tomography system. The fixing device comprises a support frame component, a clamp component and at least one adjusting piece. The support frame component comprises at least two support frames. The clamp component comprises at least two clamps. The clamps and the adjusting pieces are fixed at one ends of the support frames. A clamping area is formed among the clamps. The animal is put in the clamping area. The head of the animal is positioned on one side of the clamping area, and the body and the tail of the animal are positioned on the other side of the clamping area and are suspended in midair. The adjusting pieces are used for adjusting the size of the clamping area to clamp or loosen the animal. The invention further provides the photoacoustic tomography system with the fixing device.


To expand, aviation must have a reliable, cost effective energy supply, and effectively deal with environmental issues related to energy production, noise, air quality, and climate change. This work describes the challenges arising from the environmental influences of air traffic and presents short-term projections of how the expansion of air traffic will affect global indicators of climate change. The development of air traffic, although it contributes to total greenhouse gases much less than other sources, nevertheless is helping to drive the strong increase in these gases in the atmosphere. This work presents technological solutions to the environmental problems caused by air traffic, primarily by reducing emissions of CO2 and NOx. Emphasis is placed on more efficient fuel consumption during operational segments before and during landing. This work describes collaboration between the Faculty of Traffic Sciences of the University of Zagreb and Croatia Airlines to measure the fuel-saving effects of using the continuous descent approach (CDA). The prospects of implementing CDA in Croatian airspace are discussed.


Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback with paced breathing at the resonance frequency is a method for increasing vagal heart rate (HR) regulation and psychological functioning. However, the nature and mechanism underlying this effect are not well understood yet. The investigation of nonlinear dynamics of HR is a useful research and diagnostic instrument for understanding intrinsic mechanisms of resonances in the cardiovascular system, caused by paced breathing. The aim of this study was to test how the paced respiration at the resonance frequency affects the nonlinearities in HRV.


The Nebraska public-power paradox is more than a case study of the elimination of private enterprise. It illustrates how, in a seemingly homogeneous economic setting, familiar social, political, economic, and geographic factors can blend uniquely to produce a nonconformist entity, explicable only in terms of its history.


Untrammelled development, combined with its new role as the North's dumping-ground, has led to big increases in water pollution in the South. How should governments use their limited resources to tackle it?


According to the analysis of the $^{14}$C content of two Japanese trees over a period of approximately 3000 years at high time resolution, Miyake (2012) found a rapid increase at AD 774-775 and later on at AD 992-993 (Miyake 2013). This corresponds to a high-energy event happened within one year that input $\gamma$-ray energy about 7$\times{}$10$^{24}$erg to the Earth, leaving the origin a mystery. Such strong event should have an unusual optical counterpart, and have been recorded in historical literature. We searched Chinese historical materials around AD 744-775 and AD 992-993, but no remarkable event was found except a violent thunderstorm in AD 775. However, the possibility of a thunderstorm containing so much energy is still unlikely. We conclude the event caused the $^{14}$C increase is still unclear. This event most probably has no optical counterpart, and short gamma-ray burst, giant flare of a soft gamma-ray repeater and terrestrial $\gamma$-ray flash may all be the candidates.


Summary Excretion of ammonia and of titrable acid after an acid load has been measured in intact male and female rats and in male and female rats after adrenalectomy and after adrenalectomy plus gonadectomy. After adrenalectomy, female rats excreted significantly more ammonia and more titrable acid than did males. When both the adrenals and the gonads were removed, the females excreted more ammonia than did the males, but there was no significant difference in the excretion of titrable acid between the males and the females. The adrenalectomized-gonadectomized rats were treated with either progesterone or testosterone and the capacity to handle an acid load measured. The excretion of both ammonia and titrable acid was approximately the same for both males and females after therapy with either hormone.


For most Christians, the Bible is the central to their faith. Understood to be the inspired and living Word of God, often referred to as "Holy", "Sacred" or "Divine", the Bible is seen as both authoritative and unique in nature. As such, Christians over the centuries have turned to the Bible for guidance on diverse issues, many of which have sparked heated debates. Some of these issues and questions have remained unresolved and, in many parts of the world, one of these is the contentious issue of gender equality in church and society. What makes the issue even more complex is that proponents of different views all appeal to the Bible. Even among scholars, proposing different hermeneutical analyses of biblical passages that deal with gender, arguments can be found for or against gender equality.


BACKGROUND
Urinary tract infection is common in children and result in permanent renal damage and end stage renal failure in significant number of patients. It is imperative to diagnose urinary tract infection early and to treat adequately. We carried out this study to look into frequency and clinical profile of UTI in children admitted in our unit.

METHODS
Three hundred and seventy five patients with UTI, diagnosed by urine culture with age from 0-15 years admitted in pediatric unit during 2003-2006 were included in study. Urine sample for culture was collected by midstream clean catch, urine collecting bag and Suprapubic methods depending upon the age of patient. A proforma was used to record clinical presentation and laboratory findings of these patients.

RESULTS
Frequency of Urinary tract infections among children examined by urine culture was 375 out of 1000 (37.5%) out of which 36 (9.6%) were male and 339 (90.4%) were females. Almost half of them 48.5% were less than 3 years old. About 60% of patients belong to Kohistan and Batagram districts and failure to thrive was common presenting feature (56.6%) in patients of these two districts. Fever was common clinical presentation 91% followed by Dysuria (65%) and failure to thrive (40%).

CONCLUSION
Frequency and clinical profile of urinary tract infection in children in Hazara Division is not significantly different from that of developing and developed countries.


This paper describes two acoustic impact localization techniques for tangible interface applications. A rising-edge detection method was used for the time delay of arrival (TDOA) approach and a cross correlation analysis for the location template matching (LTM) approach. These methods were experimentally investigated using tangible objects of different materials with different types of acoustic sensors. Experimental results have shown their potential for real-time localisation of acoustic impacts using common solid surfaces and appropriate acoustic sensors for human computer interfaces. Promising results were achieved in the experiments for localising taps on steel whiteboard and hardboard surfaces.


Background: Turner syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality found in phenotypically women who have one intact X chromosome and the absence of second sex chromosomes. Case: The patient is a 27-year-old Javanese girl. At the age of 14 years, she came to the gynecology clinic with chief complaints of amenorrhea and then given cycloprogynova by the physcian, the complaint improved but menstruation did not appear in the following month did not return to the gynecologist for evaluation. At the age of 26, she returned to the gynecologist and then was given medicine to stimulate menstruation and was referred to an internist-endocrinologist because of a suspected hypothyroid. Then a few months later the patient returned to the gynecologist and then examined hormones, ultrasound, and karyotyping for evaluation as well as establishing the diagnosis. FT4 hormone examination results 0.87 ng / dl, TSHs 0.708 Uiu / mL, T3 (Total) 0.49 ng / mL, FSH 2.38 Miu / mL, LH 1.3 Miu / mL, prolactin 14.7 ng / ml, progesterone <0.10 ng / ml, estradiol <5 ng / ml indicates hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with hypothyroidism. Ultrasound results showed hypoplasia with uterine axis measuring 2.27 x 2.09 cm. Karyotyping result with 45x / 46xx indicate mosaic turner syndrome. Patients were given progestin, esthero and also thyrax for hormone replacement therapy. Discussion: Turner syndrome with hypogonadotropic hypgonadism is a rare variation of the turner syndrome. The definite cause is still uncertain. Some cases are usually accompanied by other hormone disorders such as thyroid and growth hormone. Conclusion: A 27-year-old woman with hypgonadotrophic hypgonadism associated with mosaic turner syndrome. The diagnosis is done by history taking, hormone examination, imaging, and karyotyping. treatment given progestin, estrogen, and thyrax.


The goal of this study is developing a virtual environment for collaborative work in which a human-shaped virtual agent would educate a trainee about the complicated tasks such as machine maintenance work and plant operation. To develop the virtual environment, some elemental technologies are required, and in this study a new method has been proposed for modeling the virtual agent's behavior by using Petri-net. Moreover, the design support system for constructing Petri-net through Graphical User Interface has been developed. As the result, it was confirmed that the design support system could make it efficient to model and decide the virtual agent's behavior.


Many thousands of genes are arranged on each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes. The recognition since 1959 of several specific abnormalities of chromosome number or chromosome structure in association with specific syndromes has been an important development in medicine. For example, trisomy 21 (three copies of chromosome number 21, instead of the normal pair) is pathognomonic of Down's syndrome, or mongolism. Some sex chromosome anomalies are associated with a slight but significantly increased risk of getting into trouble with the law (males with 47, XXY; 47, XYY; 48, XXYY). A great many drugs, including LSD and even caffeine, have been reported as agents of nonspecific chromosomal damage in vitro and, occasionally, in vivo. Chromosomes may be abnormal in number, broken into fragments, or hooked together in unusual configurations. However, the mechanisms and, especially, the clinical significance of such damage, detected in peripheral blood cells, is uncertain. A preliminary study of possible changes in chromosomes of peripheral blood cells of alcoholics is presented by de Torok. 100 alcoholics with organic brain damage were compared with 100 non-brain-damaged alcoholics ("transient" alcoholics) admitted for treatment of their alcoholism. The control group consisted of 60 young, healthy hospital personnel. The controls were thus not matched for age, hospitalization status, medical condition, or concomitant drug or x-ray exposure. A variety of striking chromosome changes were described in the hospitalized and the brain-damaged group. Large numbers of cells were examined. The findings reported in this study may not reflect any specific effect of alcohol or of the syndrome of alcoholism. There are no pathognomonic chromosomal changes that would be likely to serve diagnostic or prognostic needs. Also, increase in the alpha-2 fractions of plasma proteins occiirs commonly in chronic debilitating conditions. The alpha-2 globulins and their elevation in these patients are probably neither genetically determined nor specific to alcoholic patients. Another type of study is a search for immunological factors operative in or indicative of the liver damage associated with alcohol abuse. It is possible that humoral antibodies (immunoglobulins) mediate or result from hepatotoxicity and that differences in immunological processes may underlie individual differences in susceptibility to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The data of Akdamar and his colleagues indicate a significant increase in circulating levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM in the alcoholic cirrhosis group. This increase in immunoglobulin concentrations could be due to decreased breakdown or to increased synthesis, the latter presumably due to some kind of antigenic stimulation. It is not clear whether the differences in pattern of immunoglobulin elevations in different types of liver disease can be confirmed with larger numbers of patients or whether they are great enough to be diagnostically useful.


PETER TAYLOR .FoRSYTH was far from being a systematic theologian. Most of his books consist of lectures or occasional papers put together with little or no regard to the more exacting requirements of the printed word. Documentation and footnotes are rare ; indexes are non-existent. The style is unique-' Forsyth on paper' as J. K. Mozley called it-and though it is a style to excite or irritate, according to the reader's prejudices, it is not that smooth, self-effacing style that goes best with theological exposition and analysis. Add to this the eddyings of thought round epigrams and antitheses, and the frequent digressions which hold up the argument while Forsyth castigates the religious sentimentalism or theological woolliness of his day, and it is easy to understand why so many of his contemporaries turned from his books to less nourishing but more palatable fare. But two or three of his books represent genuine attempts to conduct a systematic argument, and of these the earliest and most successful is The Person and Place of Jesus Christ. Here, at least, is an argument that really marches. There are few digressions. The writer chases no hares, stoops to pick up no golden apples, but runs swiftly and surely to his goal. Forsyth always knew what he wanted to say, but did not always succeed in saying it. But here he says it with a clarity, an economy, and a force, that make this book his masterpiece.


A finite element model of human lumbar spine (L3-S1 segment) was used to analyze biomechanical effects of the bi-level CHARITE artificial disc replacement (2LCHD) at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. The mechanical behavior and range of motion in implanted and intact models were compared using the finite element analyses and a hybrid loading protocol. In 2LCHD model the changes at L3-L4 level decreased by 25% also the model showed smooth changes in motion at implanted levels. In flexion there was an increase in facet loads at lower levels of 2LCHD however the bending moment in this model was less than intact model because of hybrid loading; in contrast, the facet loads in implanted model decreased in extension. It was observed that the bi-level disc replacement won't affect much the kinematics of the spine and can be proposed as a good alternative for treatment in cases that disc degeneration occurs at more than one level of spine.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The article contains a review and a comparative analysis of the norms of the effective international and Russian law in the field of protection of the rights of employees in case of insolvency of an employer. Social significance of the problem in question is noted. The article points out the advantages and disadvantages of such methods ensuring protection of the rights of an employee in case of bankruptcy of an employer as establishing privileges with regard to the requirements of salary/wage payment and foundation of guarantee institutions. The provisions of the draft Federal Law «On Compulsory Social Insurance Against Loss of Wage/Salary as a Result of Bankruptcy of an Employer», as well as the provisions of Federal Law №316848-6 «On Making Amendments to Article 4.5 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law «On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)». The article analyzes such a method of improvement of the protection of the rights of employees in case of bankruptcy of an organization as introduction of liability of the founders for the debts of the legal entity. It points out to the peculiarities of protection of the rights of employees when a unitary enterprise based on the right of economic jurisdiction acts as the debtor's property owner. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is the works of the Russian specialists in the area in question. Scientific generalizing principles and mechanisms of protection of rights of employees in case of insolvency in foreign countries have been of great significance in the theoretical and practical aspect. During the study and presentation of the materials general scientific approaches (systematic) and scientific cognition methods (analysis, deduction, scientific abstraction) have been used. Based on the conducted study, the author of the article, taking into account modern economic conditions, draws a number of conclusions, substantiates them and proposes measures to improve protection of the rights of employees to remuneration of labour in case of insolvency of an employer in the Russian Federation. In particular, the following is proposed: improvement of the existing priority of satisfaction of the claims of creditors in order to increase the privileged status of employees of a bankrupt organization, amendment of the existing legislation with the norms enhancing and specifying the powers of employees in the course of a bankruptcy procedure; amendments establishing full liability before employees of the unitary enterprise based on the right of economic jurisdiction acting as the debtor's property owner are proposed for all types of requirements listed in Article 12 of the ILO Convention №173 concerning the Protection of Workers' Claims in the event of the Insolvency of their Employer.


Recent articles have suggested that the quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{MnPS}}_{3}$ may have nonreciprocal magnons, whereby magnons in a Brillouin zone corner at $+$q have different energies than those at $\ensuremath{-}$q. The magnons along the Brillouin zone boundaries were measured using neutron three-axis spectrometry, paying careful attention to the resolution function, to determine whether such nonreciprocity was present. The data show that, within the resolution, there are no significant differences between the magnons in opposite Brillouin zone corners. The findings are combined with a recently published study of ${\mathrm{MnPS}}_{3}$ by neutron resonant spin-echo spectroscopy and discussed within the context of the theories for nonreciprocal magnons.


The soccer referee has an important role during a game, for which you must have an adequate physical aptitude that allows an optimal physical performance in the arbitration. For that reason, the objective of this study, was to determine the maximum consumption of oxygen (Vo2max), maximum heart rate (MHR) and maximum aerobic speed (MAS) of Colombian soccer referees (CSF) at 320 meters on the level of the sea (320mls). An investigation of quantitative approach with a design of field and a sample of convenience voluntarily participating twelve referees, between 20 and 33 years old, voluntarily participated. They had distributed in groups of four by category: A, B and C. The Yo-Yo Test of resistance level 1 was applied to them, after signing an informed consent which specified the purpose of the study, the description of the test and its risks and benefits. The test was applied in the city of Cucuta, located at 320mls. The data were analyzed in the statistical package IBM SPSS V. 22, with a 95% confidence level and a p-value of 0.05, in which was a non-parametric statistic, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used. These are the results obtained by categories: a) Category A: Vo2max 81.33±3.35 ml.kg.min; MHR 196.50±2.65 ppm; MAS 5.11±0.11 m/s. b) Category B: Vo2max 75.23±1.73 ml.kg.min; MHR 194.75±2.06 ppm; MAS 4.79±0.08 m/s. c) Category C: Vo2max 70.97±1.95 ml.kg.min; MHR 189.50±3.11 ppm; MAS 4.65±0.08 m/s. The results showed statistically significant differences when comparing these variables (p<0.05). In conclusion, there are statistically significant differences between the Vo2max, MHR and MAS to CFS at 320mls (p<0.05).


The problem of pesticide residues on agricultural land does not lose its relevance, as new drugs appear that can be toxic to the natural environment. Biopreparations that have restorative properties in the soil are widely used in the world.

The use of biological preparations of microbial origin can cause a combination of various processes that can contribute to the improvement of soil properties, its remediation, etc. Especially important from the ecological point of view is the reduction of the manifestation of toxic properties of pesticide residues in the soil. Biopreparation Soil algae is a microbial biopreparation obtained by cultivating Noctoc commune bacteria using the appropriate technology. In turn, Noctoc commune bacteria have the ability to activate the processes of microbiological activity of the soil.

To study the effect of the biological preparation Soil algae, field (application of the biological preparation in various concentrations to fields with a known pesticide background) and laboratory (conducting biotesting to find out the effect of the biological preparation on the toxic properties of pesticides) studies.

Biotesting was carried out by various methods to determine the effect of the biological preparation at various stages of growth and development of agricultural crops, on the processes of microbiological transformation in the soil.

The toxicity of pesticide residues was determined in a typical medium-loamy chernozem after a field study conducted on the basis of the Agronomic Research Station of the NUBiP of Ukraine. Determination of the effect of biofertilizer Soil algae on soil toxicity was carried out using various methods, namely: determination of soil phytotoxicity on watercress, red-tip radish, peas, and durum wheat crops; determination of the inhibitory effect of biofertilizer on the growth of higher plants; study of the total number of soil microorganisms; research of the nitrifying ability of the soil according to the Kravkov method and the inhibitory effect on soil mineralization.

Phytotoxicity of typical medium-loam chernozem soil decreased with increasing drug concentration, but only up to a certain limit. The rate of the biological preparation of 8 l/ha led to an increase in the number of germinated seeds of watercress, radish, peas and durum wheat. This can be evidenced by the ability of Noctoc commune bacteria to influence processes in the soil, which contribute to reducing the toxic properties of pesticide residues in the soil.


The effect of methamphetamine (MA) on aggressive behavior has not been studied. However, anecdotal evidence provided by numerous judicial and clinical workers suggests a high correlation between aggressive acts and the use of drugs, most prominently stimulants such as MA. The effects of the Dand L-isomers of amphetamine on aggressive behavior have been studied in rats, mice, humans, and nonhuman primates. In this chapter we assume that the effects of MA on aggressive behavior are similar to the effects of amphetamine. This is most likely, but not necessarily the case. Speculation has been made that the potential combination of the induced psychoactive effects of amphetamines can lead to dangerous and aggressive behavior (Wright and Klee, 2001). However, there is a body of research suggesting that high doses of amphetamine essentially reduce aggressive behavior (antiaggressive effects), while lower doses may potentiate aggressive responses. Rodents and primates are frequently used as analogous models for humans in experimentation because ethical considerations preclude the use of human subjects. Further, the brain structures of these animals are similar enough to those of humans to allow us to gather a great deal of insight into the human condition by understanding the effects of drugs in nonhuman animals. It has been shown that continued and consistent amphetamine use can sometimes result in paranoia and delusions, accompanied by other latent conditions such as mood swings and depression. It is the goal of this chapter, therefore, to illustrate the relationships between amphetamine use and intraspecies aggressive behavior.


Highway is one of the most preferred transportation systems for people and goods to make transportation comfortable, efficient and safety. Therefore, if an accident occurs due to the absence of traffic safety, it may cause significant material and moral losses for individuals, societies, and states. Road traffic safety consist of social, technical, legal, and applied studies involving institutions for the prevention of possible problems that may arise because of the interaction of people, vehicles, and the environment. Human affect which causes traffic accidents and endanger traffic safety, is the most important impact. In this study, social campaigns, audits, fines for people violating rule at traffic applied to establish road traffic safety and the effects of these practices on individuals were researched. For this purpose, while traffic audits and fines are more effective on the behavior of individuals in ensuring traffic safety for the short term, it is possible to say that repetitive social campaigns and public spots are more effective within the scope of creating a traffic culture. In any case, road traffic safety practices should be applied holistically and in cooperation with all institutes, supporting each other.


My name is Greg Keoleian and I am the Peter M. Wege Professor of Sustainable Systems at the University of Michigan, where I also serve as the Director of the Center for Sustainable Systems, which I cofounded in 1991 through a competitive US EPA grant. I hold appointments as Professor in the School for Environment and Sustainability, and Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. I earned my PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of Michigan. I wish to thank Chairwoman Stevens and Ranking Member Waltz, as well as the other members of the Subcommittee for inviting me to this hearing.


This study aims to determine the effect of the Implementation of Regional Financial Accounting Systems on the Quality of Local Government Financial Reports. The population of this study is 62 SKPD in Sumedang district. The data used are questionnaire data (questionnaire) totaling 30 questionnaires distributed to respondents in the accounting / finance department at SKPD. The sample selection technique is non probability sampling. The analytical method used is the Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis at a significant level of 5%. The program used in analyzing data using (SPSS) Ver. 21. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, the Spearman reank correlation coefficient is 0.629. This coefficient value shows the value of r 0.629 has a strong level of relationship where the results are between 0.60 t table is 4.397> 2.048 which means Ho is rejected or Ha is accepted. In other words based on hypothesis testing shows that the application of regional financial accounting systems affect the quality of local government financial reports.


A total of 120 patients with Ⅲ/Ⅳ degree hemorrhoids were randomly divided into 3 groups. Self-made drainage(A group), traditional device(B group)and stuffing(C group) were used at the end of operation. The patient postoperative complications and satisfaction were observed and compared. The results showed that postoperative abdominal distension, pain, medical dressing dampness and satisfaction were better in A group than those in B and C groups(all P<0.01). Postoperative abdominal distention in B group was lighter than that in C group and medical dressing dampness less in C group than that in B group (all P<0.01). Thus the self-made drainage device may reduce the levels of postoperative abdominal distension, pain and medical dressing dampness and increase postoperative patient satisfaction.

Key words:
Drainage, hemorrhoids; Procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids


According to the connotation of universities' quality culture,this thesis discusses the design fundamental of evaluation index with its goal and process,inheritance and innovation,universality and maneuverability,quality and quantity.This thesis also establishes the evaluation index system including spiritual culture,system culture,action culture,material culture and the effects of quality culture construction,and calculates its index weight.It is a helpful consultation for universities to organize the evaluation.


A fish milk rich in protein, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, EPA, DHA and trace element is prepared from the fish protein liquid through enzymolyzing.


Motivation: Although the structural data on the protein-DNA complex have been rapidly increasing, the mechanism of DNA sequence recognition by proteins has been poorly understood, and thus the accurate prediction of their targets at the genome level is not yet possible. We try to extract functional information from structural data of protein-DNA complexes, and utilize the information for quantifying the specificity of protein-DNA recognition, for examining structure-function relationship, and for predicting target sites of transcription factors. Methods: We made a statistical analysis of structural database of protein-DNA complex, and derived empirical potential functions for the specific interactions between bases and amino acids. Then, we used a sequence-structure threading to quantify the specificity in protein-DNA recognition. We calculated Z-score as a measure of specificity for a given proteinDNA complex against random sequences by the sequence-structure threading. We also evaluated the fitness of DNA sequence against DNA structure to examine the role of indirect readout mechanism. Results: The statistical potentials showed different characteristics for different combinations of bases and amino acids, indicating that these potentials can be used to quantify specificity in the base-amino acid interactions. We applied the method to examine the relationship between structure and specificity in protein-DNA recognition; cooperativity, symmetry/asymmetry in binding, and congnate/noncognate binding. These results show how the structures affect the specificity. We could show relative contribution of direct and indirect readout mechanisms in the recognition. We also applied the method to predict the target sequences of transcription factors at the genome level.


During the past two decades, I have developed, validated and applied two separate theories of value related constructs. The first concerns the basic human values on which individual people in all societies differ (e.g., security, achievement, hedonism, concern for others). Basic individual values are an aspect of personality. The second theory deals with normative value orientations on which cultures differ (e.g., hierarchy, egalitarianism, harmony). These orientations underlie and justify the functioning of societal institutions. Are two value theories really necessary? Could the same value constructs or dimensions serve at both individual and cultural levels of analysis? It would certainly be more parsimonious to do with one theory. Logically, one theory would suffice if we could assume that culture is simply personality writ large or that individual values are culture writ small. Sadly – for accepting either assumption would make life easier – I find them both unacceptable. In addressing the question of the relationship between individual and culture levels, I hold that we need separate theories of values. This chapter presents and contrasts my individual-level and culture-level theories and suggests how to apply them fruitfully together. It is structured as follows. First, I explicate each theory, specifying its constructs and the relations among them and citing evidence to support them.


A simple method for immediate paper printing of documents with film illustrations uses a contact print of the mask of the original.


Building Condition Assessment (BCA) is the assessment done on a building to rate the condition by assessing the defects present, determining the risks if the structure is left in its original condition without maintenance work and finding out the maintenance work that need to be done in order to preserve the building in its working condition. BCA is executed by comparing information which include the data that had been measured, comments on the structural condition either with or without defect and interpretation of the condition of the deformity present. These information were gathered during the preliminary in-situ investigation which was done to determine the masonry textures, decay patterns and the accountability of the materials and structural elements. This paper is focus on implementing the BCA in heritage building in Malaysia. Thus, in this study, the BCA was done in a heritage building in Johor Bharu which is the Dato' Abdullah jaafar building. The objective of this study in the end is to develop a rating system to be used as an identification of the defects present according to the priority of maintenance needed. It is also to identify the applicability of existing BCA on heritage buildings. Furthermore, to find out the material used on the heritage building As for the findings of this project, it was found that the existing BCA can be applied in the process of heritage building inspection. Next, the chemical composition of the existing material of the Dato' Abdullah Jaafar building was found. Furthermore, the main conclusion is that the overall rating of the building managed to be obtained based from data gathered through the BCA process done where the building was rated with rating 3.


Dislocation defects are often a nuisance in semiconductors, but theoretical work shows they might offer an improved route to producing spin currents.


Our aim in this work is to provide an explicit, simple construction of pull-push of local systems as a lax monoidal functor. To this end, we show that one can solve horn filling problems Cat_\infty using left Kan extensions, and use this to provide an explicit construction of a left Kan extension functor. We use this result to show that pull-push of local systems induces a functor from Span(S), the infinity category of spans of spaces, into Cat_\infty. We then develop a machinery of monoidal Beck-Chevalley fibrations, and use this to show that the pull-push functor above admits a lax monoidal structure.


In tokamak discharge experiments, the plasma position prediction model's research is to understand the law of plasma motion and verify the correctness of the plasma position controller design. Although Maxwell equations can completely describe plasma movement, obtaining an accurate physical model for predicting plasma behavior is still challenging. This paper describes a deep neural network model that can accurately predict the HL-2A plasma position. That is a hybrid neural network model based on a long short-term memory network. We introduce the topology, training parameter setting, and prediction result analysis of this model in detail. The test results show that a trained deep neural network model has high prediction accuracy for plasma vertical and horizontal displacements.


ABSTRACT A new species of metapseudid tanaidacean from Bermuda and the British Virgin Islands, Synapseudes erici n. sp., is described and illustrated. Specimens were collected in shallow water (down to 6 m) from rock washings. The new species is distinguished by a combination of characters that include a blunt or weakly bilobed rostrum, grossly asymmetrical chelae in the male with massive larger chela nearly as large as the body, three ventral propodal spines on pereopod 1, and a four-segmented uropod endopod. This species is the first member of the genus to be formally described from the warm waters of the northwestern Atlantic.


A paradigm for isothermal, mechanical rectification of stochastic uctuations is introduced in this paper. The central idea is to transform energy injected by random
perturbations into rigid-body rotational kinetic energy. The prototype considered in this paper is a mechanical system consisting of a set of rigid bodies in interaction
through magnetic fields. The system is stochastically forced by white noise and dissipative through mechanical friction. The Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution at a specific
temperature defines the unique invariant measure under the
flow of this stochastic process and allows us to define "the temperature" of the system. This measure is also
ergodic and strongly mixing. Although the system does not exhibit global directed motion, it is shown that global ballistic motion is possible (the mean-squared displacement
grows like t^2). More precisely, although work cannot be extracted from thermal energy by the second law of thermodynamics, it is shown that ballistic transport from thermal energy is possible. In particular, the dynamics is characterized by a meta-stable state in which the system exhibits directed motion over random time scales. This phenomenon is caused by interaction of three attributes of the system: a non at (yet bounded) potential energy landscape, a rigid body effect (coupling translational momentum and angular momentum through friction) and the degeneracy of the noise/friction tensor on the momentums (the fact that noise is not applied to all degrees of freedom).


This post hoc analysis evaluated efficacy and safety of roflumilast cream in patients with psoriasis involving the face/neck or intertriginousareas from a phase IIb trial. Of 331 patients enrolled in the phase IIb trial, 160 had psoriasis involving the face/neck and/or intertriginousareas. Once-daily roflumilast cream was well-tolerated with efficacy across multiple endpoints in these patients.


Using corn"yuwang-23"as the material,effects of salicylic acid of different concentrations on the ability of freezing tolerance of corn seedling were studied by hydroponic culture.The results showed as follows:under corn stress,the content of chlorophyll and the root activity were significantly decreased than those of control.The contents of proline,soluble sugar,MDA and the activities of SOD and POD were significantly increased(P0.01).Exogenous SA application on the root significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll,soluble sugar and proline,while the root activity and the activities of SOD and POD were significantly increased.The content of malonaldehyde(produce of membrane lipid peroxidation)was significantly decreased when the corn seedlings were suffered from low-temperature stress for 2d(P0.01).Exogenous SA could mitigate the harmful effects from low-temperature stress on corn seedling,and the effect of 1.0mmol/L SA was optimal.


The paper summarizes the common methods of seasonal data forecasting and puts forward a statistical method, which improves the forecasting result. And an example of forecasting is given to illustrate the method.


No integrated risk assessment tools that include lifestyle factors and uric acid have been developed. In accordance with the Industrial Safety and Health Law in Japan, a follow‐up examination of 63 495 normotensive individuals (mean age 42.8 years) who underwent a health checkup in 2010 was conducted every year for 5 years. The primary endpoint was new‐onset hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP]/diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≥ 140/90 mm Hg and/or the initiation of antihypertensive medications with self‐reported hypertension). During the mean 3.4 years of follow‐up, 7402 participants (11.7%) developed hypertension. The prediction model included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), SBP, DBP, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, proteinuria, current smoking, alcohol intake, eating rate, DBP by age, and BMI by age at baseline and was created by using Cox proportional hazards models to calculate 3‐year absolute risks. The derivation analysis confirmed that the model performed well both with respect to discrimination and calibration (n = 63 495; C‐statistic = 0.885, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.865‐0.903; χ2 statistic = 13.6, degree of freedom [df] = 7). In the external validation analysis, moreover, the model performed well both in its discrimination and calibration characteristics (n = 14 168; C‐statistic = 0.846; 95%CI, 0.775‐0.905; χ2 statistic = 8.7, df = 7). Adding LDL cholesterol, uric acid, proteinuria, alcohol intake, eating rate, and BMI by age to the base model yielded a significantly higher C‐statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement, especially NRInon‐event (NRI = 0.127, 95%CI = 0.100‐0.152; NRInon‐event = 0.108, 95%CI = 0.102‐0.117). In conclusion, a highly precise model with good performance was developed for predicting incident hypertension using the new parameters of eating rate, uric acid, proteinuria, and BMI by age.


Cross-lingual document clustering (CLDC) is the task to automatically organize a large collection of cross-lingual documents into groups considering content or topic. Different from the traditional hard matching strategy, this paper extends traditional generalized vector space model (GVSM) to handle cross-lingual cases, referred to as CLGVSM, by incorporating cross-lingual word similarity measures. With this model, we further compare different word similarity measures in cross-lingual document clustering. To select cross-lingual features effectively, we also propose a softmatching based feature selection method in CLGVSM. Experimental results on benchmarking data set show that (1) the proposed CLGVSM is very effective for cross-document clustering, outperforming the two strong baselines vector space model (VSM) and latent semantic analysis (LSA) significantly; and (2) the new feature selection method can further improve CLGVSM.


some time in Berlin. On returning to Edinburgh he commenced practice there, devoting his leisure to scientific pursuits. He acted for a short time as assistant to Professor Bennett in his class of the Institutes of Medicine, but was interrupted in his duties by a violent attack of haemoptysis, which confined him for some time, and rendered a change of climate advisable. This led to his settlement at Torquay, where his health for a time considerably improved. Latterly, however, we believe the chest affection again became active. Dr Gilchrist communicated papers and reviews, chiefly on Physiological subjects,


The objectives of the project were to: • Protect coastal waters from pollution with domestic wastewater. • Protect the health of the local residents through improved housing with safe sanitation and wastewater treatment facilities. • Demonstrate constructed wetland technology. Bayawan was the first city in the Philippines that built a constructed wetland for domestic wastewater treatment. Therefore, one of the objectives was to use it as a pilot and demonstration project for other communities.


A recently discovered new species of diploglossine lizard is described from west-central Panama. The distinctiveness of the nominal genera Celestus and Diploglossus is confirmed; the new form represents the southernmost record for the genus Celestus. A summary of selected characteristics and general distribution is presented for all recent species of diploglossines, including members of the Antillean genera Saurisia and Wetmorea and the South American genus Ophiodes. A systematic key to mainland members of the genus Celestus is provided.


Objective: To observe the effect of electrotome gingivoplasty in prosthodontic treatment. Methods:61 patients who need gingivectomy were randomly divided into group A(electrotome group) and group B(routine surgery group). The follow up surveys were carried out immediately and in 1 week. Results:Gingiva in group A (30 cases) met the requirement of restoration, and the prosthetic treatment could be started immediately. Gingiva in group B (31 cases) were all received periodontal packing, so the prosthetic treatment were delayed. There was a significant statistical difference between two groups(P0.01). 1 week after operation, 27 cases in group A had stable gingiva and accounted for 90.0%. 29 cases in group B had stable gingiva and accounted for 93.5%. There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusions:The study shows that electrotome gingivoplasty is a successful and reliable method in prosthodontic treatment.


Web based or computer based system can help the implementation of routine maintenance as well as ship preventive maintenance, it is because of with the web based or computer based system it can make the maintenance work faster and more efficient, because the information stored on database can be accessed easily and the information can be deliver quickly. Web based maintenance can be the solution of the maintenance problem that not efficient and can help on decision making. Web based maintenance can be a guideline to do maintenance, with showing the frequency of maintenance and the maintenance activity instruction each component. Web based maintenance equipped with an access data of work hour each component, so it can be monitored on real time. This web also equipped with reminder system that combined with voyage plan, work hour of component and maintenance frequency, there is an explanation about the risk possibility when the maintenance cannot be done, with the risk level of each possibility. Beside that there is a printed work order form on the web to execute the maintenance that already approved. All of the information about work hour, maintenance frequency, components, maintenance record, maintenance activity, spare parts, etc, will be stored on the database that already provided before. The security of the web equipped with login page that filtered the user, so the web can be accessed by authorized person only. Web based maintenance expected to increase the maintenance performance in order to faster, more efficient and more simple. Beside that it can help decision making to do the maintenance.


This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the resistance of steel pipe pile in calcareous soil. The authors conducted experiments with repetitive static loads acting on a test pile, linked measuring heads to determine pile top displacement and axial deformation of the pile. The obtained results show the interaction of steel pipe piles and calcareous soil under subjected to cyclic load by the ideal elastic and plasticity model; friction formed by the relative displacement between pile structure and calcareous soil subjected to axial cyclic load reaches the limit state when displacement is 2.5 mm.


The MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games) are computer games that supports hundreds or thousands of concurrent players controlling one or more characters, interacting with the game environment, completing missions, manipulating objects in the virtual world, talking with other players and fighting monsters. This genre has the gameplay as a critical factor for the success, which is significantly influenced by the performance of the servers. MMORPGs have increased its expression in the gaming market in recent years, however, there is a gap tooling that promotes reuse at the time of implementation of such games. Through the study of the problems faced in developing new games of MMORPGs and gathering requirements for this type of system, this work presents a proposal for a framework that implements the essential features of a software architecture oriented to MMORPG in order to mitigate this gap. Key-words: MMORPG. framework. reuse. Lista de ilustracoes Figura 1 – Visao Geral da Arquitetura de um MMORPG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Figura 2 – Arquitetura Logica do lado cliente do Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Figura 3 – Arquitetura Logica do lado servidor do Framework . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Figura 4 – Arquitetura logica do componente Servidor de Regiao . . . . . . . . . . 38 Figura 5 – Execucao do Gerenciador de Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Figura 6 – Tabelas do banco de dados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51


As there is a rapid rampancy of malicious intrusion, people pay more attentions to the network security. This paper presents a new method based on Hilbert-Huang trans- form (HHT) to characterize intrusions that can detect many kinds of intrusion according to the number of packets. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of such a method to differentiate abnormal data from normal data. Experiments are performed using intrusion detection data sets and tested for validation. Some results are reported along with analysis and concluding remarks.


A coumestan derivative modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE) was used as a sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination of electrocatalytic of hydrazine and hydroxylamine. The mechanism of electrocatalytic oxidation of both hydrazine and hydroxylamine using CMCPE was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and polarization studies. The kinetic parameters such as the electron transfer coefficient, α, heterogeneous rate constant, k′, and exchange current density, j0, for oxidation of hydrazine and hydroxylamine at the CMCPE surface were determined using cyclic voltammetry. Further more, the linear dynamic range, sensitivity and limit of detection for hydrazine and hydroxylamine detections were evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry.


The objective of this research was to determine the performance characteristics of thermoplastic pavement markings in North Carolina and to create viable degradation models. Additionally, an evaluation of paint pavement-marking materials was conducted and models were created for them as well. The resulting models provide pavement-marking managers with valuable tools that will allow them to focus limited resources where they are most needed and avoid replacing materials with effective life still remaining in them. Consideration was given to the analysis of the relationships between pavement-marking retroreflectivity values and variables such as time, traffic volume, and marking color. Unique to this research is the inclusion of lateral location as a key variable affecting the performance of pavement markings. Another key contribution to pavement-marking management from this research was the development and use of level of service increments for describing the status of a given marking at some point in time. Using the tools reported herein an expected service life for thermoplastic and paint pavement markings in North Carolina can be estimated. A key finding of the research is that the markings have a far greater life expectancy than originally expected. Combining our predictive tool with level of service increments provides a holistic infrastructure management approach to pavement markings.


This work develops a simulation-based decision support system for governmental organizations to facilitate resilient pork supply chains. The focus is set on a sudden outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) and its impact on food security as well as the identification of resulting bottlenecks in related logistics and disposal operations. The problem is modeled as a hybrid simulation considering various farm types and production and logistics facilities of the supply chain. Discrete-event elements represent production steps, while agentbased ones consider farmers' decision making processes over time. Based on real-world data from Austria, various crisis scenarios are simulated tracking animal populations and contacts among individual animals over time. Results highlight the importance of better knowledge of relevant bottlenecks to react fast to such a crisis as well as major benefits of improved visibility within the supply chain.


Vernor Vinge may be the most brilliant science fiction writer of the past 20 years, most recently earning two Hugo Awards for his novels A Fire Upon the Deep (1992) and A Deepness in the Sky (1999). His earlier ground-breaking works, such as True Names (1981) and Marooned in Realtime (1986), won him a wide readership. Now Vinge presents a feast of great SF sure to delight. From his earliest stories in the mid-1960s, to his longer works of the 1970s and '80s, these pieces display Vinge's sense of wonder. Those who love his novels will find his short fiction even more impressive. In such classics as "The Ungoverned" and "The Blabber", Vinge shows the form that has garnered him numerous Hugo and Nebula Award nominations. And in this chronologically arranged showcase, there's a final treat - an original novella found only in this collection.


This paper does some convincing analsysis of non-traditional security in the fields of economics,environment,information,public health and terrorism and explores the trends of the influences caused by these non-traditional factors,Finally,The paper puts forward the strategles to cope with the issues of non-traditional for Chinese security.


This note is concerned with observer-based robust predictive control for the singular systems with structured feedback uncertainty, and the design method of observer-based robust predictive controller is proposed. With the method of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs), the infinite time domain "min-max" optimization problems are converted into convex optimization problems, then the sufficient conditions for the existence of this controller and its expression are derived. The robust stability of the closed-loop singular systems is guaranteed by the initial feasible solution of the optimization problems. The regular and the impulse-free of singular systems are also held.


Abstract: The paper focuses on software design methods and analysis of the roll cage for an All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV). The roll cage is crucial for the safety of the driver and the vehicle's occupants, and the study outlines a step-by-step design methodology using Solid Works and Creo. The design process includes material selection, shape, and welding, followed by Finite Element Analysis for safety and reliability. Static and dynamic stress analyses are performed, and the roll cage is designed to offer double strength in case of rolling while considering aesthetics


An oxide semiconductor (OS) display system built with normally-off devices, nonvolatile OS LSI and an OS display, is proposed. The power consumption of the system is reduced by the nonvolatile OS LSI performing power gating without vanishing setting data when the OS display is in an idling stop (IDS) mode.


【Objectives】 To investigate the influence of overweight on circadian variations of ambulatory blood pressure(ABP) in Chinese adolescents. 【Methods】 24-hr ABP monitoring was performed by TM2421 ABP Monitors(AD,Japan) in 252 adolescents divided into two groups(49 girls and 77 boys in each group) with equivalent sex,age,and body height: control(normal weight) were aged(13.68±1.21) years,height(165.37±9.45) cm,body mass index(BMI)(18.82±2.3);overweight(BMI≥24) were aged(13.71±1.23) years,height(165.75±9.47) cm,BMI(27.70±3.1).ABP recordings were treated by ABP database system and analyzed by cosinor method and conventional statistics methods. 【Results】 The circadian variations of ABP in most of adolescent were patterned as "dipper" in both groups.Rhythm parameters: the midline estimate statistic of rhythm(MESOR),peak,trough,and amplitude values in overweight were significantly higher than that in control group.Significant higher values(P0.01) were seen in overweight group for most of ABP parameters,such as,BP means(SBP,DBP,MAP: mean arterial pressure,or PP: pulse pressure),BP variability,BP loads and rate-pressure product(HR×SBP). 【Conclusion】 Overweight influenced significantly on ABP in adolescents.


【Objective】 In order to reveal the apparent genetic mechanism of cattle-yaks about male sterile, DMR of SNRPN methylation status and its mRNA expression in testes between cattle-yaks and their parents were studied. 【Method】 The 5′-flanking sequence of SNRPN in yak was cloned and sequenced by the primers which designed on the basis of sequence of cattle SNRPN DNA. In cattle-yaks and their parents' testes, the methylation status of SNRPN 5′-flanking was detected using sodium bisulfite sequencing and the SNRPN mRNA expression levels were also detected by Real-time PCR. 【Result】 The 5′-flanking sequence of SNRPN (1 137 bp) in yak was obtained, which the homology between yaks and cattle was 98.2%, and bioinformatics analysis suggested that the region contains the putative methylation-sensitive binding sites YY1 and SP1. The results showed that the methylation level of SNRPN gene in cattle-yaks (42.22%) was very significantly greater than that in cattle (21.08%) and yaks (20.81%) (P0.01). The SNRPN expression level of cattle-yaks was lower than that of their parents in testes, but there was no significant difference (P0.05). 【Conclusion】 The testicular methylation level of SNRPN gene in cattle-yaks was very significantly greater than that in cattle and yaks, the testicular SNRPN expression level of cattle-yaks was lower than that of their parents, indicating that the SNRPN gene maybe arrest meiotic process of spermatogenesis by its mRNA expression inhibition through the high methylation level of SNRPN gene DMR in cattle-yaks.


The agricultural and processing activities of olive crops generate a substantial amount of food by-products, particularly olive leaves, which are mostly underexploited, representing a significant threat to the environment. Olive leaves are endowed with endogenous bioactive compounds. Their beneficial/health-promoting potential, together with environmental protection and circular economy, merit their exploitation to recover and reuse natural components that are potentially safer alternatives to synthetic counterparts. These biomass residues have great potential for extended industrial applications in food/dietary systems but have had limited commercial uses so far. In this regard, many researchers have endeavoured to determine a green/sustainable means to replace the conventional/inefficient methods currently used. This is not an easy task as a sustainable bio-processing approach entails careful designing to maximise the liberation of compounds with minimum use of (i) processing time, (ii) toxic solvent (iii) fossil fuel energy, and (iv) overall cost. Thus, it is necessary to device viable strategies to (i) optimise the extraction of valuable biomolecules from olive leaves and enable their conversion into high added-value products, and (ii) minimise generation of agro-industrial waste streams. This review provides an insight to the principal bioactive components naturally present in olive leaves, and an overview of the existing/proposed methods associated with their analysis, extraction, applications, and stability.


one of important parameters used for monitoring inland water quality is the concentration of chlorophyll in surface water. Remote sensing provides a convenient and synoptic method for determining water chlorophyll concentration from upwelling radiances. In this study, a scene of Landsat TM data and concurrent in situ water sample were acquired. As neural networks has been proven successful in modeling a variety of geophysical transfer functions. So in this paper, both regression model and empirical neural network were established to model the relationship between water chlorophyll concentration and satellite-received radiances. It was found that neural network model play much better in accuracy than regression model with Landsat TM visible and near infrared bands as inputs. The relative RMSE for the neural network were < 7%, while the RMSE for regression analysis were less than 25% in general. The dynamic characteristic of Chagan Lake water chlorophyll concentration was simply analyzed, but more work still need to be done to explore the reason for Chagan water chlorophyll content, and the algorithms developed in this study need to be tested with future collected imagery data and in situ samples data.


The dissociation constants (pKa) of dalbergin and nordalbergin were measured at 298.2 K using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy method. The solubilities of dalbergin and nordalbergin in water, methanol, propanone, ethyl ethanoate, trichloromethane, and hexane have been determined by the UV spectrophotometric method from 283.2 to 308.2 K at atmospheric pressure. The experimental solubility values were correlated with a modified Apelblat equation, λh model, and ideal model. The pKa value of dalbergin is 8.91 ± 0.12, and the pKa1 and pKa2 values of nordalbergin are 7.31 ± 0.29 and 9.79 ± 0.39, respectively. The solubilities of dalbergin and nordalbergin in six solvents increase with an increase in temperature. The solubility order of dalbergin in six pure solvents was trichloromethane > propanone > ethyl ethanoate > methanol > hexane > water, whereas that of nordalbergin was propanone > methanol > ethyl ethanoate > trichloromethane > water > hexane. A comparison of the solubility of dalbergin with that of nordal...


We report on random lasing in a neat film of substituted quinquethienyl S,S-dioxide. Despite the absence of intentionally introduced scatterers random lasing with 5 A Full Width at Half Maximum is observed. The angular distribution of random lasing modes is studied through angle resolved emission measurements demonstrating that random lasing emission is directional with a 8° divergence but different individual emission direction. The origin of the feedback is investigated through Atomic Force Microscopy demonstrating that random lasing is observed only when 50 nm diameter holes are present in the film. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The main issue to be developed as a problem is overcrowding in housing in general, in Colombia, and in Bogota.
It is also a major issue to propose a housing model that benefits the affected population by improving its
quality of life. The urban growth and the change of land use patterns that the city of Bogota has presented
Throughout history has been one of the factors that cause overcrowding of people within the field of housing.
In particular, the creation of areas where overcrowding has become a problem are central problems.
primordial, the impacts that these generate, going from an urban scale to reaching an architectural scale. The
Overcrowding does not only entail abstract social problems. Its scope is convincing and practical, because among others,
affects the state of health of the inhabitants, supposes a bad primary education and baccalaureate (mainly) and generates
large indices of unsatisfied basic needs. (NBI)
This degree work is generated from the need to seek urban and architectural responses to the problems
Social problems facing housing within the social sphere, mainly overcrowding. The importance of developing
This work is born from a sensitivity to the problems that affect the population and their quality of life, breaking
the social fabric and forgetting the rights of citizens. Therefore, it will be explained in a certain way what is the
overcrowding as a general problem, its possible causes, and the consequences, to then identify this problem
in an area of Bogota where indicators that could support the presence of this phenomenon will be reviewed.


The relationship between terrestrial deep soil temperature (TDST) and surface temperature (SAT) at interannual and centennial timescales has been investigated in a simulation of the last millennium with a three‐dimensional climate model driven by estimations of historical external forcing. TDST is loosely related to borehole temperature profiles, which have been recently used to reconstruct long term temperature trends in the last centuries. Recently, questions about the validity of boreholes‐based reconstructions have been raised. In the simulation, at interannual time scales the connection between TDST and SAT is stable, being stronger in the summer half year than in the winter half year. At long timescales, annual TDSL is a good proxy for annual SAT, and their variations are almost indistinguishable from each other. Both TDSL and terrestrial SAT overestimate the variations of global mean SAT. This may be a source for the disagreement between statistical reconstructions of global SAT and terrestrial borehole measurements.


A flexible, efficient and interoperable communication system is the basis of a pervasive environment. Unfortunately, the heterogenity on network and service levels results in a lot of constrains in such a communication environment. This demonstration paper presents an exemplary messaging solution for a unified use of services and devices in a heterogeneous communication network. The benefit of the presented approach becomes apparent in a pervasive communication scenario that interconnects real and virtual environments.


It provides user programming PBX system using a web server for. A user program is loaded through the LAN interface to the web service control message. When needed, the customer visits the web server via an ordinary web browser and online or offline to update the user program.


ABSTRACT While bioinvasion was an issue of low political salience in Europe, a new regulation addressing it was adopted in 2014 with strong support. This article analyzes the making of the regulation as an intriguing case of policy expansion amid economic crisis. Based on theoretical literature on drivers of EU policy integration and policy dismantling, alternative plausible explanations are explored. Our main finding is that development of economic policy consensus among member states on trade-environment nexus was crucial for progress towards regulatory action. Policy consensus has been driven by a confluence of three domestic factors: trade liberalization, market disintegration, and changing ideas about the desirability of EU-level law, with the European Commission as policy entrepreneur. Low political salience has also had an important effect. It has increased the influence of transnational conservation alliances, which have played a significant catalytic role in building consensus by shifting consciousness to economic reward of policy action vs inaction, and bringing international models for legislative reform to the EU jurisdiction.


DOI: 10.25041/fiatjustisia.v15vno1.2297 After enacting the Government Administration Law, there have been positive fictitious decisions, which are contrary to the negative fictitious decisions stipulated in the Administrative Court Law. It has led to an inaccurate understanding in some of the general public that a positive decision is the final form of a request from the public to a government agency or official being granted a decision and/or implementation of government action. This research uses normative legal research methods using a statutory approach and literature study. This study explains that the existence of positive fictional decisions does not necessarily eliminate the existence of negative fictional decisions.


This paper aims to present the ways in which Ben Russell's films, the quarry and TRYPPS #7 (BADLANDS) , tend to draw on conventions traditionally associated with cine-trance ( TRYPPS #7 ), as developed by Jean Rouch, and film-performance ( TRYPPS #7 and the quarry ). While both pictures invoke the presence of the sublime, the quarry transforms the featured landscape into an image-object and hence fails to represent the lived experience and instead provides the audience with a spectacle or a sensation simultaneously engaging them in the performance on their own terms. Meanwhile, TRYPPS #7 's reliance on cine-trance becomes more evident in its attempt to expose the hypnotic and deceptive capabilities of moving-image media, which do not only distort the spectator's rational sense of space and perspective, but also connote the phenomenon of possession itself through featuring the protagonist's narcotic trance. To achieve the desired effect, Russell creates an atmosphere of sublimity and transcendence by means of structural and avant-garde film's devices that transcend the realist–narrative paradigm of anthropological filmmaking, including static and kinetic montage, multiple perspectives, hand-held and rotating camera movements, intimate long takes or fixed shots of extended duration. Article received: December 28, 2017; Article accepted: January 10, 2018; Published online: April 15, 2018; Original scholarly paper How to cite this article:  Boczkowska, Kornelia. "'Bringing the Unseen out of the Shadows': in Pursuit of Cine-Trance and Film-Performance in Ben Russell's the quarry (2002) and TRYPPS #7 (BADLANDS) (2010)."  AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 15 (2018): 113–126. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i15.235


In this paper we introduce nth Von NeumannJordan Constants on Banach spaces,and give the exact vaule of the nth Von NeumannJordan constants in the spaces L,L∞,L2.


Background: Human papilloma virus is a dominant factor for cervical carcinogenesis. About 70% of cervical cancer cases are related to infection with high risk (H-R) HPV types mostly HPV16 &HPV18. First coitus at a younger (≤ 15) age, high parity, and early age at marriage behave as major risk factors for HPV infection. Objective: On this background, the present study has been carried out to detect genital HPV infection in women between 15-65 years and its association with age factor, marriage and parity. Materials & methodology: The Nested PCR using primers for L1 consensus gene with My9/My11 & GP6+/GP5+ followed by multiplex PCR is carried out in cervical scrapping to detect HPV 16 & HPV18 by respective primers. The HPV positive cases were compared with their corresponding socio demographic data available in the proforma filled up during the sample collection. Result: The study showed significant association of HPV infection in women who had early marriage (p<0.01). Though age factor and parity status did not show significant association, they behave as an independent factor for HPV infection. Conclusion: on account of the central role of HPV infection in cervical carcinogenesis, any risk factor other than HPV like early marriage, high parity and age itself may play a role by either increasing the risk of acquisition or duration of the infection, or by increasing the risk of progression from HPV infection to cervical cancer.


The cultural turn in Atlantic studies has opened new research ways placing gender and religion at the centre of the inquiries about the Atlantic World. Therefore, studies on Female Monasticism history  on those territories have grown in popularity in the past few  decades. Nevertheless, regarding art history, there is still a lack of  studies on these foundations, and a methodological renewal is  needed. I analyse the existant historiography on female  monasticism in Mexico and Peru and I argue the necessity of a  study of art and architecture in relation to liturgy, within an Atlantic  framework.


Spatial and temporal variations in soil salinity were measured in a salt marsh in semi‐arid southeastern Spain. A total of 108 samples were taken from the top 20 cm of soil during 2 years in a transect with nine sampling points, established according to plant zonation. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Cl‐, SO4 2‐, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ concentrations in saturation extracts were measured in order to determine any pattern of temporal and spatial variation. Correlations between the concentration of different ions, total dissolved salts (TDS), and EC were also examined. Although EC and ion concentrations usually appeared to be well correlated (rs > 0.7, significant atp< 0.01) and followed the same pattern of seasonal variation, a detailed study showed that at high TDS this was not always true. When mean values of TDS ranged between 2592 and 6070 mmolc L‐1, the coefficient of correlation between EC and SO4 2‐ (rs = 0.471, significant at p < 0.01) was lower than that between EC and Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Cl‐(rs ...


Patterns of subadult gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.), occurrence within a sparse, numerically stable population that was studied in 1965 were modelled as functions of insect stage and certain components of environmental structure. Our results imply the following. (1) Once newly hatched larvae find suitable foliage, they tend to stay on or near it until after they have molted into instar III. (2) These insects begin to wander sometime before reaching instar IV, and continue to do so until suitable daytime resting locations are found. These locations are usually in the litter at the tree base, but the insects will aggregate under bark flaps on dead limbs or on the dead boles of trees in clumps in preference to the litter if these are available. (3) Most of the insects pupate in the locations used earlier for resting sites, but some eventually pupate in objects that may be many feet away from the closest living host tree. (4) Bark flaps may have provided less hazardous resting sites for the growing larvae and pupae than other potential resting locations within the environment.


Evidence supporting the role of metal ions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has rendered metal ion chelation as a promising therapeutic treatment. The rational design of effi- cient chelating ligands requires, however, a good knowledge of theelectronicandmolecularstructureofthecomplexesformed. In the present work, the coordinative properties of a set of chelatingligandstowardCu(II)havebeenanalyzedbymeansof DFT(B3LYP) calculations. Special attention has been paid to the aromatic behavior of the metalated rings of the complex and its influence on the chelating ability of the ligand. Ligands considered have identical metal binding sites (through N/O coordination) and only differ on the kind and size of the aromatic moieties. Results indicate that there is a good correlation between the stability constants (log β2) and the degree of metalloaromaticity determined through the ING and HOMA indices; that is, the higher the metalloaromaticity, the larger the log β2 value. MOs and aromaticity descriptors confirm that present complexes exhibit M€ metalloaromaticity. Detailed analysis of the nature of the Cu(II)-ligand bonding, performed through an energy decomposition analysis, indicates that ligands with less aromatic moieties have the negative charge more localized in the metalated ring, thus increasing their σ-donor character and the metalloaromaticity of the complexes they form.


Background West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arbovirus of great medical and veterinary importance, threatening the health of humans and equines worldwide. Mosquitoes belonging to the Culex (Cx.) pipiens complex are major vectors but numerous other mosquito species have also been implicated as vectors of WNV. Due to variations in blood-feeding behaviour, the different biotypes and hybrids of Cx. pipiens influence the transmission of WNV, from enzootic cycles (between mosquitoes and birds), to spill-over transmission to humans and equines. Methods In this study, mosquitoes were collected and analysed from two regional units (RUs) of Greece with reported cases of WNV within the past 4 years; Palaio Flairo and Argolida (in Attica and Peloponnese regions, respectively). Collections using different types of mosquito surveillance traps were undertaken in May-June 2018 during the early period of the WNV transmission season. Results A total of 1062 mosquitoes were collected, with Biogents Sentinel traps (BG traps) collecting both a greater number of mosquitoes across all species and Cx. pipiens complex individuals than Centres for Disease Control miniature light traps (CDC traps) or Heavy Duty Encephalitis Vector Survey traps (EVS traps). Identification of collected mosquitoes (using both morphological keys and molecular barcoding) confirmed the presence of additional species including Aedes (Ae.) albopictus, Ae. caspius and Culiseta (Cs.) longiareolata. The prevalence of Cx. pipiens biotypes in the RU of Palaio Faliro was 54.5% pipiens type, 20.0% molestus type and 25.5% hybrids. In the RU of Argolida, the collection comprised 68.1% pipiens type, 8.3% molestus type and 23.6% hybrids. Screening individual unfed female mosquitoes for WNV (molecular xenomonitoring) resulted in detection in three females of the pipiens type and in one hybrid; all collected from the RU of Argolida. Conclusions As hybrids play an important role in spill-over transmission of WNV to humans and equines, these findings highlight the importance of undertaking entomological surveillance programs incorporating molecular xenomonitoring at the onset of the transmission season to provide an early warning system for health authorities aiming to prevent WNV outbreaks in Greece.


Since the discovery of graphene, diverse kinds of 2D nanomaterials have been explored and exhibited great promise for application in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. However, the restacking of 2D nanomaterials severely reduces their exposed active sites and thus impairs their electrochemical performance. Moreover, except for graphene, a large number of 2D nanomaterials normally possess unsatisfactory electrical conductivity. One of the effective strategies to address the aforementioned shortcomings is to hybridize 2D nanomaterials with 3D graphene architectures since large specific surface area and rapid transport pathways for electrons, ions, and mass can be achieved in the obtained hybrid materials. This review summarizes the typical strategies to hybridize 2D nanomaterials with 3D graphene architectures and then highlights the application of these hybrid materials in rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalytic water splitting. The challenges and future research directions in this research area are also discussed.


The Newmark method is used to discretize the subgridding numerical system, and explicit Newmark-FDTD method is obtained by employing the Neumann series to expand the inverse of the coefficient matrix. Furthermore, the hybrid algorithm of explicit Newmark-FDTD and traditional FDTD methods is employed to further improve the computational efficiency.


Colloidal gold nanorods (GNRs), which were passivated with cationic cerasome-forming lipids having triethoxysilyl groups, were obtained in the aqueous phase by sonication of the mixture of lipids and GNRs.


The utility model discloses a distribution transformer fuse load index prediction device. The distribution transformer fuse load index prediction device comprises a signal acquisition unit, an A/D conversion unit, a CPU central processing unit, a Bluetooth wireless communication module and a human-computer interaction information display unit; signals acquired by the signal acquisition unit are output to an input terminal of the A/D conversion unit; an output terminal of the A/D conversion unit is connected with an input terminal of the CPU central processing unit; serial ports of the CPU central processing unit are connected with input terminals of the human-computer interaction information display unit and the Bluetooth wireless communication module; the signal acquisition unit is formed by a current transformer, a voltage transformer, an infrared temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a wind speed sensor; and the Bluetooth wireless communication module is an NRF24L01 type Bluetooth module. Distribution transformer fuse load index prediction is achieved. The distribution transformer fuse load index prediction device is characterized by simple input extraction, high precision, good accuracy and high prediction efficiency.


To the Editor:

After reading recent manifestos about electronic medical records from President Bush,[1] US Department of Health and Human Services officials, Senator Hillary Clinton, and others, I am profoundly disturbed. Personal medical records should be difficult to share and send. The thought of office, insurance, and government personnel sending medical records with a keystroke is scary. Easier access will effectively destroy the privacy I expect as a patient and work hard to provide as a physician. The doctor-patient relationship is a privileged one, which is based on trust and privacy. We're more secure with private records in offices, sending only what (few) pieces are needed for coordination of care and reimbursement.

Accelerating unfunded technological mandates cost-shift to me. What our patients want and need from us is time. Time is poorly compensated. The only way I'll be able to afford all that technology is to see more patients, faster. I'd prefer not to sell my soul.

We're the ones working 13-14-hour days, caring for needful people, on call 24/7. If I think and work better on paper and in 3D, please let me. No insurance or government bureaucrat should be able to dictate otherwise. A plea for flexibility, please.


ABSTRACT Sociodemographics shape audience exposure to radio. However, it remains unclear whether these sociodemographics correlate with women voters' radio exposure during elections in Kenya. Grounded in political mobilization, uses and gratification theories, this paper examines women voters' exposure to political information on radio during the 2013 Kenya general election campaigns in Kakamega County. The study adopted a descriptive correlational survey based on data collected from women voters in six constituencies in Kakamega County using a questionnaire (N = 372). It was established that weekly political news exposure through radio for almost three-fifths (58.6%) of women voters was 12–56 h. Respondents' radio exposure was statistically significantly and strongly linked to their age, marital status and level of education. Further, this radio exposure was statistically significantly and moderately associated with women voters' employment status, income and residential location. Using these demographic data, this article explores research implications and recommends the adoption of policies and practices that can better harness the power of radio to reach women as voters in counties in Kenya.


This study is aimed to describe cooperative learning assisted by teaching aids that can improve mathematical understanding of 8th grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Sukadana on cube and beam material. This type of research is classroom action research. The steps of cooperative learning assistedby teaching aids that can improve students' mathematical understanding of cube and beam material are: 1) Conveying goals and preparing students, in this phase the teacher gives apperception and conveys the learning objectives, 2) Presenting information, in this phase the teacher explores students'initial abilities and delivering lesson material 3) Organizing students into learning teams, in this phase the teacher organizes students into heterogeneous learning groups based on student grades and sexes 4) Helping teamwork and learning, in this phase the teacher guides students who have difficulty in completing their group assignments.5) Evaluating, in this phase the teacher gives an individual quiz question. 6) Giving recognition or appreciation, in this phase the teacher gives awards to the group that successfully completes the group task well. Students' understanding of cube and beam material after the application of cooperative learning assisted by teaching aids in this study increased from the"good" category to the "very good" category.


The hydrodynamics of enhanced longitudinal heat transfer through a sinusoidally oscillating viscous fluid in an array of parallel-plate channels with conducting sidewalls is examined analytically. Results show that for fixed frequency the corresponding effective thermal diffusivity reaches a maximum when the product of the Prandtl number and the square of the Womersley number is approximately equal to α2 Pr = π Under such tuned conditions the axial heat transfer achievable is considerable and can exceed that possible with heat pipes by several orders of magnitude. The heat flux between different temperature reservoirs connecting the parallel-plate-channel configuration is shown, under tuned conditions, to be proportional to the first power of both the axial temperature gradient and the flow oscillation frequency and to the square of the tidal displacements. A large value for the fluid density and specific heat is also found to be beneficial when large heat-transfer rates are desired. The process discussed involves no net convection and hence achieves large heat-transfer rates (in excess of 106 W/cm2) without a corresponding net convective mass transfer. A discussion of the physical origin for this new heat-transfer process is given and suggestions for applications are presented.


A new method of evaluating the dependence on carrier density of the propagation constant of the excited mode of a semiconductor laser biased above threshold is applied to a single mode confined double heterostructure‐large optical cavity laser operated at 8‐mW dc. The method combines the measurements of the Fabry–Perot spectrum of the modulated laser, the relative modulation amplitudes of the coherent and short‐wavelength spontaneous powers and the phase difference between the two, and the dependence on dc current of the two emissions. The evaluation is independent of the model of the lasing state, the reduction of the raw data requiring only subthreshold relations between current, voltage, carrier density, and spectrum. The change of the index of refraction of the waveguide mode with the concentration of electron‐hole pairs in the recombination region is +1.8×10−22 cm3. Striking inconsistencies among various published accounts indicate a need for critical examination of all such studies.