The object of this investigation was to explore the possibilities of utilizing the shot-peening process on laminated spring leaves from silico-manganese spring steel as a means of increasing the working stresses, and thus reducing weight without loss in fatigue life.The first part of the investigation showed that so far as fatigue tests alone were concerned it should be possible to increase the working stresses and thus save weight. To do this, however, would involve the bump stress exceeding the primitive elastic limit of the material.Investigation of the effect of scragging (prestressing) to the British Standards (B.S.) Test Deflexion of L2/900t as at present adopted in manufacture showed that such scragging had practically no effect on the elastic limit, but that if the scrag deflexion was increased to approximately L2/400t an increase in the apparent elastic limit of the order of 40 per cent of the primitive elastic limit could be obtained, and that such scragging also improved the fatigue life in bot...


Problem statement: Piezoelectric actuator is a kind of key driving components for micropositioning stages, micropumps, micro valves, micro gripper and so on in the fields of micro/nano technology such as integrated circuit manufacturing, precision instruments, ultra precision fabrication, biomedical manipulation. It has lots of advantages including high stiffness, fast response times, less heat generating, low power consumption and large force output. But the hysteresis nonlinearity seriously affects working performance of actuators. So a lot of models were proposed to describe the hysteresis nonlinearity. A popular model which was widely used is the Preisach model. In order to obtain accurate displacement output corresponding to arbitrary input voltage with the Preisach model, function output approximation is needed. Approach: In this study, firstly the Preisach model was introduced. Then the function modeling of Preisach model based on a Bayesian Regularization Back Propagation Neural (BRBPNN) was presented and a three layers BPNN was designed. Finally, the BRBPNN was trained in Neural Network toolbox of MATLAB6.0. The Preisach function values not at equal diversion points were calculated by the trained network and the actual displacement outputs and theoretical values corresponding to random voltages input were compared. Results: Experimental results indicate that theoretical displacements and measured displacements agree with very well, the maximum displacement error is 0.35μm and the standard deviation is 0.24 μm. Conclusion: The BRBPNN could realize function approximation in Preisach modeling accurately and could meet the precision requirement in the field of modeling and controlling of piezoelectric actuators.


This thesis examines the theoretical and empirical predictions of the effects of reductions in hours of work on wages and employment, the economic efficiency arguments for such reductions and the related issue of the determination of hours of work in a bargaining framework. The conventional approach, assumes that workers will want to maintain their incomes in the face of reductions in hours of work per period. This is difficult to justify theoretically, when hours and union/worker utility are taken properly into account. Rather, unions and workers that desire reductions in hours of work are likely to opt for the same or even a reduced hourly wage, leading to a significant employment effect of any such measure. We show that this result is true in labour markets and economies where unions determine or bargain over the wage and in models where firms set the wage because it affects their workers' productivity. It is also true when firms demand positive overtime, when such models account properly for the long-run movement of hours of work. The thesis examines also the determination of hours, employment and wages in a bargaining framework and shows that the employment effects of unionism are likely to be overestimated when no account is taken of the hours determination procedure. This allows us also to provide an economic rationale for union behaviour regarding reductions in hours of work and maximum hours legislation and determine the conditions under which reductions in standard hours of work can increase union utility and firm profits. Finally, empirical evidence is provided with a test of the relationship between the hourly wage and weekly hours of work, using aggregate data. We use a large number of variables and different estimation techniques to avoid simultaneity. Our results suggest, in line with the theoretical predictions, that changes in hours of work have no effect on the hourly wage.


Abstract Psychoanalysis has traditionally overlooked the fact that unsuitable and damaging life conditions, originating in the social milieu, play a part in the pathogenesis of emotional suffering and mental disorders. Nonetheless, the self establishes an object relation with the social system, as well as with the non-human environment. This is expected to act as a container–contained relationship. Whenever the community and its institutions fail to act as a container for individuals and groups, this generates a trauma, which can be compared with the baby's experience of a failure in mothering. Such failures can be classified in several categories. The first is when the social system fails to contain, nurture, care for, and protect individuals, as in the case of the lack of assistance and compassion towards the victims of poverty, disease, natural catastrophe, social turmoil, economic crisis, violence, or war. The second category occurs when there is a blatant attack, on the part of the authorities or pri...


We show the existence of a formal identity between Einstein's and Ernst's stationary axisymmetric gravitational field equations and the Einstein–Maxwell and the Ernst equations for the electrostatic and magnetostatic axisymmetric cases. Our equations are invariant under very simple internal symmetry groups, and one of them appears to be new. We also obtain a method for associating two stationary axisymmetric vacuum solutions with every electrostatic known.


Russian particles due to their differential grammatical, structural and semantic features, with diversity of communicative and pragmatic settings, which they fulfil in the processof a communicative act and producing an utterance, require a comparative analysis with corresponding particles of the Kyrgyz language. The aim of this article is to conduct a contrastive analysis of Russian and Kyrgyz particles in order to establish distinctive features between them. The results of the research will be applied at further development of theoretical problems of bilingual lexicography.


This chapter makes some initial forays into the first move that Jesus movements made, from Galilee into Syrian areas, from Aramaic into Greek, and from the early stages of oral communication in Galilean Aramaic to oral-written composition-and-performance in Koine Greek. Can we learn anything from investigations into a possible but ill-defined Aramaic linguistic and cultural substratum and from comparisons of that substratum with our Greek texts that might shed further light on the development of Gospel traditions into what we now have as written Gospels? The investigation proceeds in four steps: the historical political power-relations that determined the general language situation; the use of languages in Syria and Galilee; the largely oral communication environment; and finally an exploratory probe for Aramaic influence in one of the speeches in Q. Keywords: Aramaic substratum; Galilee; Koine Greek; oral-written composition


Dr. Eoudia B. Myrthong Assistant Professor Department of Education North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong Abstract The purpose of the research is to find out the levels of Social-Emotional Competency, categories in Teaching Effectiveness and the relationship between these teaching variables, so that ways and means for improvement towards the secondary school teachers in the state could be developed. In pursuing the study, the investigator employed descriptive design. The population consisted of 2334 secondary school teachers from East Khasi Hills, West Khasi Hills and Ri Bhoi Districts of Meghalaya. From this population, the sample of 744 secondary school teachers was drawn. The study was delimited only to the secondary school teachers in the three districts included of Government, Deficit and Adhoc secondary school teachers. In conducting the tests the investigators used: (i) Teachers' Social-Emotional Competency Scale (TSECS) constructed and standardised by the investigator, (ii) Teacher Effectiveness Scale by Umme Kulsum (2000, Re-edited: 2011). The findings of the study revealed that: (i) majority (23.66%) of secondary school teachers are average and beyond in Social-Emotional Competency, (ii) majority (67.34%) of secondary school teachers are most effective in teaching, (iii) there is a difference in SocialEmotional Competency between male and female secondary school teachers, (iv) there is no significant difference in Social-Emotional Competency between rural and urban secondary school teachers, (v) Social-Emotional Competency of secondary school teachers in Government, Deficit and Adhoc do not differ from one another, (vi) Social-Emotional Competency of secondary school teachers based on teaching experiences do not differ from one another, (vii) there is a difference in Teaching Effectiveness between male and female secondary school teachers, (viii) there is a difference in Teaching Effectiveness between rural and urban secondary school teachers, (ix) There is a difference in Teaching Effectiveness between types of school management of secondary school teachers, (x) it was also found that there was no significant difference in Teaching Effectiveness based on teaching experiences except for teachers with 1-5 years and 11-15 years of teaching experiences, (xi)there is a positive relationship between Teachers' Social-Emotional Competency and Teaching Effectiveness of secondary school teachers.


This paper presents a model study to understand the effect of surfactants on the physicochemical properties of human hair. FT‐IR ATR spectroscopy has been employed to understand the chemical changes induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on human scalp hair. In particular, the SDS induced changes in the secondary structure of protein present in the outer protective layer of hair, i.e. cuticle, have been investigated. Conformational changes in the secondary structure of protein were studied by curve fitting of the amide I band after every phase of SDS treatment. It has been found that SDS brings rearrangements in the protein backbone conformations by transforming β ‐sheet structure to random coil and β ‐turn. Additionally, AFM and SEM studies were carried out to understand the morphological changes induced on the hair surface. SEM and AFM images demonstrated the rupture and partial erosion of cuticle sublayers. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This work includes the establishment of a Photovoltaic system connected to the grid by means of an inverter. The fundamental goal of the work is to incorporate an advanced active power flow management scheme in order to adopt load at any weather condition along with the advantage of maximum active power flow and zero harmonics from PV inverter to the grid. The outcome of analysis and control design of grid connected PV inverter using a Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique is based on synchronous dq rotating reference frame so as to achieve maximum output voltage and record the active power. It has been observed that the model provides a better rate of stability as compared to the existing topology.


The effects of heat treatment parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of H13 steel with microelements of niobium and titanium were investigated by means of microstructure observation and hardness test.The grain size uniformity and function of niobium and titanium were also discussed.The results show that the process of austenitizing at 1 050 ℃ for 30 min and oil quenching and twice tempering at 550 ℃×2 h can make the microstructure and mechanical properties of the test steel comparable to that of steel used in imported extrusion wheel.


The Middle Devonian Winnipegosis Formation of southern Saskatchewan contains numerous mound structures in its upper member. Rather than being extensive bank deposits, as has been suggested by previous authors, the mounds are limited in aerial extend, with dimensions of 0.5-6.0 km in diameter and a maximum of 105 m in vertical thickness. The highest mounds are found in the region surround-ing Saskatoon. The mounds are composed of a lower peloidal grainstone unit, an upper laminated mudstone unit, an organic unit, and a fringing cap unit. They are covered and mantled by the anhydrite and salt of the Prairie Evaporite. All of the mounds in the Saskatoon area and most of those found elsewhere in southern Saskatchewan are characterized by subsidence of the overlying strata by as much as 30 m. The subsidence was appar-ently caused by volume shrinkage of the carbonate rock in the mounds, along with minor dissolution of salt near the periphery of each mound and some pressure solution. Cementation of the porosity and loss of permeability terminated the process before Cretaceous time.


This paper is a survey and discussion of the teaching methods, objectives, and benefits associated with music programs in oral schools for children who are deaf and hard of hearing.


The compressional-shear basin formed on the background of toeing squeezing,the torque and squeezing are their main features.The geologic features of all structural belts in this basin are controlled by the force of the torque and squeezing.The structural area of Chepaizi in Zhugar Basin is defined as piedmont sag distal end anterior margin blowups,the favorable reservoir forming area is anterior margin blowups slope belt.The reservoir forming in the slope belt was controlled by the continuous torque and dextrorotation of the palaeostructures and sedimentary systems from old to new.In this paper,the view points of"the sand controlled by blowups,the accumulation controlled by palaoridge and the reservoir controlled by sandspit"are presented according to the exploration in Chepaizi.


The identification of network attacks which target information and communication systems has been a focus of the research community for years. Network intrusion detection is a complex problem which presents a diverse number of challenges. Many attacks currently remain undetected, while newer ones emerge due to the proliferation of connected devices and the evolution of communication technology. In this survey, we review the methods that have been applied to network data with the purpose of developing an intrusion detector, but contrary to previous reviews in the area, we analyze them from the perspective of the Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) process. As such, we discuss the techniques used for the collecion, preprocessing and transformation of the data, as well as the data mining and evaluation methods. We also present the characteristics and motivations behind the use of each of these techniques and propose more adequate and up-to-date taxonomies and definitions for intrusion detectors based on the terminology used in the area of data mining and KDD. Special importance is given to the evaluation procedures followed to assess the detectors, discussing their applicability in current, real networks. Finally, as a result of this literature review, we investigate some open issues which will need to be considered for further research in the area of network security.


The flood risk management is investigated and supported by geodetic methods in the central region of Thailand. As a solution, the creation of a new artificial river channel attempts to avoid interfering existing human settlements and forest areas. It is planned on high-resolution terrain information of a Hydro-DEM based on advanced satellite surveys (SAR interferometry). The cross section design for the river capacity is calculated and a water retention is designed. The results optimize the long-term cooperative community on water and land management.


Airbone Laser Scanning (ALS) is a surveying technique that make use of active optic sensor. It use is rapidly expanding because it makes possible to build Digital Canopy Model (DCM), digital Canopy Model (DCM), Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) in a more efficient and detailed way than traditional method. It is an important tools in many fields: land planning, hydrology, pollution science, civil engineeting and many other.
In forestry, this approach is becoming an important support to prepare topographic mps and to study forest biometric attributes. This thesis deals with the use of ALS for the forest boundary delineation within a provincial forest planning framework, using a CHM and aerial photos. A semiautomatic methods was developed and tested in a study area of Trento Province (Northern Italy). Afield surveys was performed to test theaccuracy of the results.
The thesis is divided in two chapters:
The first deals with forest and mountain plants of Trento Province and with the study area and the definition of forest applied in the thesis;
The second describes the method, its results and accuracy test and some concluding remarks.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of pulse power and specifically relates to a gas switch that little hollow cathode of array discharges and triggers. Switch structure mainly includes: the little hollow cathode of an external insulation section of thick bamboo, central electrode, array discharge generator, pneumatic connector, connection and strengthening member etc. The little hollow cathode of array discharges the generator and as the trigger of switch, for positive pole - dielectric layer - negative pole three layer construction, passes through a plurality of micropore arrays of laser beam perforating realization it on. The generator realizes down in pulse voltage effect that little hollow cathode discharges, utilizes the array to discharge the high density electronics of the large tracts of land that produces and as the initial electronics of inducing, realizes finally that the puncture of switch switches on. Because the trigger adopts the microplasma realization of discharging, compare the trigger mechanism of traditional three electrode field distortions and multipolar multichannel switch, trigger voltage hang down, trigger the institute energy requirement little, be favorable to switch trigger power source's miniaturization, many triggers are multiple -point simultaneously triggers in step, can realize that the multichannel puncture of switch switches on, reduces the inductance that switches on of switch.


This paper presents some thoughts focusing on the problems of ethnico-cultural communalism, its meaning in the current global socio-political context and its implications with regard to principles of democracy, citizenship and the nation-state. It gives particular attention to the issues of interculturality and intercultural communication (IC) as central markers in the contemporary socio-political landscape. The author claims that IC (particularly in its communal and ethnic forms) may prevent or resolve the communal separation that threatens many groups throughout the world. Apart from the essential role it has in production, reproduction and circulation of meaning within, as well as outside, the group, the discourse developed by communal communication media is an ideological, reflexive construction whose aim it is to create an impact on the social cognition of its receivers. This is why ethnicocultural groups scattered around the world generally have effective communal media that reinforce their social, cultural and political cohesion at local, national and global levels. Because, as well as expressing their positions and views on the issues facing a nation's society, this formal discourse provides group members with a legitimate and coherent framework for action and argument.


In this communication an embedded implementation of the Viola-Jones face detection algorithm targeting low frequency, low memory, and low power consumption, is presented. The design methodology, performance analysis and algorithm optimization in order to accelerate the face detection process, will be described. The resulted implementation is platform independent and achieves on average a 3 times detection speed up.


Purpose – This paper seeks to evaluate the usefulness of the violent extremist risk assessment (VERA) by assessing how easily the criteria can be applied to case studies of five terrorists, and to determine whether it is more applicable to terrorists who work alone or as part of a group.Design/methodology/approach – Case studies of five terrorists were constructed through online research. Evidence of each factor outlined in the VERA was rated and a total score for each category was calculated.Findings – The majority of factors were easy to apply and were equally applicable to individuals within the sample regardless of whether they worked alone or as part of a group. The results tend to support theory and research about characteristics of violent extremists. This suggests that the factors are relevant and, therefore, that the VERA is a useful risk assessment guide.Research limitations/implications – As the research is based on case studies, the findings may not generalise beyond the sample selected. In ad...


There are two main requirements in dealing with coverage holes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs): locating the hole boundary and finding the locations to deploy new sensors for hole patching. The current protocols on finding the patching locations always require re-running the protocols from scratch many times. This constraint causes the time complexity and energy overhead to increase proportionally to the hole size. In this paper, we propose a lightweight protocol to determine coverage holes in wireless sensor network. Our protocol does not only can determine the exact hole boundary but also approximate the boundary by a simpler shape which can help to speed up the patching location finding process. The simulation experiments show that our protocol can reduce more than 56% of time complexity and save more than 46% of energy overhead in comparison with existing protocols.


A series of isentropic trajectory calculations has been performed for emissions by stratospheric aircraft moving across the northern midlatitude oceanic flight corridors. Emission of exhaust is simulated by the daily initialization of air parcels along a flight path on the 500 K isentropic surface. Parcels are tracked during the first three weeks of each January from 1980 to 1994 in order to determine the interannual variability in the spatial distribution of the exhaust and the likelihood of exposure to cold temperatures. Few parcels emitted along these flight paths at this time of year were found to have experienced nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) formation temperatures, except for the particularly cold Januarys 1986, 1987, and 1992. We also find that large zonal fluctuations in the distribution of the emissions are typical for this time of year and are strongly dependent on flight path. An extended 6-month (January–June) run in which parcels were released daily along the New York–London route shows that emissions in the flight corridor increase at a time-averaged rate which is nearly twice the rate at which the zonal average increases. In addition, local fluctuations of pollutant density can be several times higher than the zonal average and can persist for several weeks. A study of seasonal variability also shows a rapid buildup of emissions during the summer months. These elevated emission levels must be considered in the interpretation of environmental impact assessments based on two-dimensional transport models.


Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) is one of behavior algorithm which is effective to solve optimization problem including the clustering problem. Based on investigation, k-means is also effective to solve the clustering problem specially in fast convergence. This paper combines two algorithms, cuckoo search algorithm and k-means algorithm in clustering problem called FCSA. Cuckoo search is used to build the robust initialization, while K-means is used to accelerate by building the solutions. The result confirms that FCSA's computational time in ten datasets is faster than the compared algorithm.


A range sensor computes the distance from the sensor to the nearest scene point along a given ray. A range image is an array of range values for a raster of ray displacements. Range images preserve the 3-D geometry of a scene as viewed from the sensor. Thus actual measurements of scene geometry, e.g. lengths, areas, etc. can be derived from a range image and compared to similar measurements taken from a prepared reference model. The Lockheed Signal Processing Laboratory has developed a method for utilizing range imagery in intelligence, guidance, and recognition tasks, with particular emphasis on missile guidance using onboard reference imagery. In our approach, the reference model is used to predict which planar surfaces will be visible from the estimated sensor position. Descriptions of these surfaces are stored as a reference list. The sensed range image is then acquired and the local 3-D orientation of each pixel is computed. Adjacent pixels appearing to lie in the same surface are aggregated into primitive planes. Descriptions of these planes form a sensed plane list. The sensed plane list is matched to the reference list in 3-D coordinate space. This matching determines the actual sensor position resulting in an accurate vehicle position fix.


With the rapid development of international logistics,the present logistics mode of Free Trade Zone(FTZ) cannot meet the needs of international logistics.With the development of integration of FTZ and the Port,it can induce logistics' increasing under the current road traffic situation,and it cannot satisfy the increasing needs of international logistics day by day.In this paper,it takes Dalian Free Trade Zone as an example to analyze the pressure of logistics traffic by comparing the capacity between road demanding capacity and actual transportation capacity.It can be found out that the traffic transportation is one of the bottle necks which can block the economic development of Dalian FTZ after 2010,and some measures are proposed for this problem.


The present paper deals with the phaga technique to quantitative determinate the survival of causing bacteria of ginger wilt(Pseudomonas solanacearum)in soil. Results show that the bacteria in inoculated soil could recover to 57.4% at 10~3 CFU/g soil. The living bacterial cells,even at 10~2CFU/g soil,could be detected. The phage technique is a sensitive, rapid and simple method.


Abstract In this paper we characterize the pairs (A0, A1) and (A−, A+) of disjoint sets which can be separated by an upper semicontinuous quasi-continuous function.


This study tries to find out the impact of market competition on the credibility of four newspapers in Taiwan, trying to know the change of newspaper credibility, when Apple Daily began to operate in Taiwan in 2003. And this study wants to know which factors influence people's perceptions of newspaper. By analysing the data from Taiwan Social Change Survey of 1998, 2003 and 2008, this study finds that the newspaper credibility declined, and there are differences in perceptions regarding newspaper credibility. In addition, this study indicates that people's political preferences would influence them in choosing newspaper, and the results also show that there are differences in reading newspapers' political news in different newspapers. The results also indicate that there are different factors that influence the credibility of newspaper at different times.


Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an effective therapy for children with hematologic malignancies. However, many long term complications are observed with a longer follow-up. Few data is available analyzing psycho-social aspects and risk factors of various long term complications in a same cohort of children. We have reviewed the charts of 112 children younger than 16 years, transplanted for hematologic malignancies between 1985 and 2000 at Saint Louis Hospital, and who survived at least 1 year after transplant. Landmark analysis and cumulative incidence using death and relapse as competing events were used to calculate incidences of complications after one year of HSCT. Univariate analysis used the Fine and Gray test and multivariate Cox model was used with chronic GVHD (cGVHD) as time dependent variable. Results: Median age at transplant was 8.3 years (0.73–15 years), median follow-up from 1 year after transplantation was 8 years (0.3–16.5). Most frequently, children had acute leukemia (n=101, 90%) and 92 patients were transplanted with an HLA-identical sibling donor.Total body irradiation (TBI) was used in 87 patients as part of conditioning regimen and fractionated TBI was used since march 1994 in 37 patients. At 10 years, overall survival was 75±5%, transplant related mortality (TRM) was 18%±4 and relapse 14±3%. Ten year cumulative incidence of severe infections (mostly bacterial) was 31%±4 (n=33); it was 44±4% for cataract (n=48); 20±4% for pulmonary dysfunction (mostly restrictive abnormalities) (n=20); 29±5% for osteoarticular complications (mostly osteonecrosis) (n=27); 36±4% for hypothyroidism (n=36); 11±3% for cardiac complications and 7±3% for secondary malignancies (n=8). The number of complications per patient increased with time, from 1 at a median observation time of 73 months to 3 at a median of 120 months. Factors related to patient, disease, donor and transplant characteristics were analyzed in univariate and multivariate analysis for complications with at least 20 events. There was a trend of higher risk of TRM (p=0.06), osteoarticular complications (p=0.09) and infections (p=0.07) for patients presenting cGVHD. cGVHD was significantly associated with higher risk of pulmonary dysfunction (p=0.02). However, single dose TBI (sTBI) or only TBI was the most important factor among other factors that increased the risk of cataract (p


Aim. The purpose of the work is to reveal the features of CHB without liver cirrhosis when assessing the need for the appointment of antiviral therapy for the implementation of the State Target Program; to compare the criteria for monitoring CHB patients without cirrhosis in existing international recommendations. Material and methods . When assessing the features of the course of CHB in 286 patients without cirrhosis, the recommendations of NICE (2013) and WHO (2015) were taken into account to determine the need for antiviral treatment, which is the basis of the clinical protocol in Ukraine. The work analyzes the international guidelines for monitoring CHB patients without cirrhosis: the American Association for the Study of the Liver Diseases (2016), the European Association for the Study of the Liver (2012), the National institute for Health and Care Excellence (2013), World Health Organization (2015). Results . In the work, we analyzed the features of the course of CHB without cirrhosis using criteria for the distribution of patients depending on the indications for antiviral treatment, which are set out in the clinical protocol in Ukraine and are based on the international recommendations of NICE (2013) and WHO (2015). It is shown that 8.0 % (23 of 286) of patients require priority antiviral treatment according to laboratory criteria. The course of CHB in these patients is characterized by more frequent astheno-vegetative manifestations, more pronounced cytolytic syndrome and more frequent detection of HBeAg. Among 38.1 % (109 of 286) patients with CHB without cirrhosis with a low viral load <2000 IU / ml, which is not recommended for antiviral drugs, one third has cytolytic syndrome (34.3 %), one tenth is HBeAg-positive (10.5 %), and one fourth has liver fibrosis of F 2–3 stages (27.3 %), which requires an improvement in the monitoring of these patients. The analysis of international recommendations showed complex and different approaches to monitoring CHB patients without cirrhosis of the liver when deciding on the appointment of antiviral treatment. The AASLD recommendations (2016) differ from the others in the mandatory determination of the patient's HBeAg status and the clearly established norm of ALT. The EASL (2012) recommendations do not require mandatory determination of HBeAg status, with the main criterion being the amount of HBV-DNA in the blood. NICE recommendations (2013) determine the mandatory identification of a combination of factors in addressing this issue, taking into account the patient's age, viral load, the severity of the cytolytic syndrome. WHO recommendations (2015) are the most adapted for countries with limited resources. Conclusion . When using the recommendations of NICE 2013 and WHO 2015 among 38.1 % of CHB patients without cirrhosis with a low viral load <2000 IU/ml, which is not recommended for antiviral therapy, 34.3 % have cytolytic syndrome, 10.5 % are HBeAg-positive, and 27.3 % have liver fibrosis F 2–3 stages, which makes it necessary to improve monitoring of these patients. Monitoring CHB patients without cirrhosis in determining the need for antiviral treatment in the world remains a complex issue and has no unambiguous approaches to the solution, as evidenced by the existence of several international clinical recommendations: AASLD 2016, EASL 2012, NICE 2013, WHO 2015.


Certified code technology and type systems research has reached a point where it is now possible to certify advanced safety and security properties of low-level systems code. It has become common practice to use type systems for reasoning about and verifying properties of programs. The growth of distributed computing, webbased services, and mobile-code infrastructures means that the need for such verification has extended beyond the most obvious safetyand mission-critical, or resource-constrained systems. Furthermore, the use of typed common intermediate languages such as JVML [5] or MS IL [6, 18], guaranteeing safe interoperation of programs written in different languages and running on different platforms, has become widespread. Although verifiable byte-code languages have made significant contributions in the area of secure computing (from both the mobile code and common intermediate language perspectives), they are still very high-level. That is, a significant amount of further (unverified) compilation and optimization is required before programs written in such languages can run on the actual hardware. Hence, the trusted computing base (TCB) of such frameworks is still quite substantial in terms of size and complexity. To address this problem there has been work over the past several years using type systems and logic to verify properties of low-level code (i.e. at, or close to, the level of assembly or machine code). To date, however, much of this work has focused only on carrying through the compilation of high-level languages down to verifiable machine code. There has not been significant progress with verification and certification of those types of code that are (and can only be) written at the systems programming and/or assembly code level. Safety and security guarantees for such "infrastructure" code are especially important when dealing with embedded and real-time operating systems.


When carrying out research works in the economic, political, sociological fields, as well as in the sphere of governance and in management, we widely apply the integral characteristics of a plenty of factors affecting the existence, functioning and further effectiveness of the existence of the object being studied - a social phenomenon, the development and extinction socio-political trends, the existence and stability of specific clusters of economic projects or some large technical projects, etc. Since the influence manifestations of different factors are different, for estimation of their influence complex (vector. To assess the impact, an analysis of expert opinions is carried out, often with multiple redundancy. Such an approach can lead not to an increase in reliability, but to the opposite result, certainly leading to an increase in the cost of preliminary analysis.


The fresh leaves of Cassia occidentalis are used in the African pharmacopoeia to treat constipation and malaria. This practice is not recommended for pregnant women. In traditional medicine the fresh leaves used in enema would have abortive properties. In this work, the aqueous extract of dry leaves of Cassia occidentalis (AECo) is added to the Mc Ewan type physiological solution containing the isolated intestine muscle which is suspended between two shaped stainless steel hooks. Doses of AECo less than 10-2 mg / ml have no significant effect on duodenal contractions. For doses between 10-1 mg / ml and 4 mg / ml, baseline amplitude and tone increased from 10.12 ± 4.02% (P <0.005) to 55.37 ± 3.23% (P <0.001). Indeed, at doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg / ml, AECo leads to significant increases in the amplitude of the contractions which pass successively from 0.32 ± 0.09 mN, 0.41 ± 0.07 mN to 0.49 ± 0, 13 mN (P <0.001). Let a variation in the amplitude of the rhythmic contractions of the duodenum of 30.82 ± 3.07%, 44.32 ± 2.47% and 55.37 ± 4.23%, respectively. An increase in the amplitude and tone of rhythmic contractions is in a dose-dependent manner. The myostimulant effect is characterized by the increase of the rhythm and the amplitude of isolated intestine muscle. The effect of AECo is partially suppressed by atropine. This suggests the presence of muscarinic cholinergic compounds in this aqueous extract.


With interest we read the meticulous report from Mengel and colleagues (1) describing type, location and composition of cellular infiltrates in renal allograft biopsies. Furthermore, they propose a relationship between infiltrates in renal protocol biopsies and outcome: persistent inflammation over the first 6 months posttransplant would predict inferior renal function. We disagree with this conclusion, as the manuscript does not contain sufficient evidence to support their hypothesis:


The text of these Principles has been compiled and agreed by the members of the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Conservation. It is published in the IFLA Journal in this form as a means of presenting the text to the widest Library community. It is intended that translations of the text in French, German and Russian should appear in relevant library journals. The purpose of these Principles is to establish a responsible attitude to conserva tion and restoration in libraries and to encourage those entrusted with the care of library and archive collections, old and new, to formulate a positive policy on the future of these collections. The Standing Committee invites comments upon these Principles and these should be sent to the Secretary of the IFLA Section on Conservation, Mr. Peter Brown, Librarian of Trinity College, College Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.


We propose a novel high-capacity and low-latency front-haul system for small cells-based heterogeneous wireless networks. We experimentally demonstrate a proof-of-concept seamless convergence of radio-over-fiber (RoF) and millimeter-wave (MMW) system at 90 GHz for high-speed wireless signal transmission. Simultaneous transmission and demodulation of standard-compliant very-high-throughput WLAN IEEE 802.11ac and high-speed LTE-A signals over the system are successfully confirmed for the downlink direction. Satisfactory transmission performance over the converged 10-km RoF and a 5-m 90-GHz wireless link is achieved. The measured root-mean-square error vector magnitude is much better than the requirement defined by the standards.


This paper documents the key challenges faced by utilities in sub-Saharan Africa attempting to establish citywide safe manual and semi-mechanized latrine pit emptying, transport and disposal services. The research aims to take a snapshot of utilities at a pivotal point in service development, where initial services have been piloted and the utilities are looking to go to scale. We use the CWIS framework to guide analysis of perspectives of the implementing agencies in Livingstone, Zambia, and Malindi, Kenya, using a secondary data review and 34 key informant interviews. This paper confirms previous findings around the high cost of safe sanitation services in low-income areas, the barriers of emptiability, the engagement of manual pit emptiers and the requirement for investment in supporting systems. Areas for future research were identified, including approaches for service delivery to reduce the decision load on the household, structures of engagement and regulation of pit emptiers, and finally how regulation could support incremental improvements toward full coverage, including the lowest income households. The research documents, for the first time in the region, the challenges of dealing with disgust in establishing these new services and the conflicting role of public utilities as both commercial and social organizations. The current model for private sector delivery of the service is politically viable and reduces the risk and cost burden on the utilities. However, it is likely to leave the utilities unable to scale sanitation to low-income areas.


Abstract Interdisciplinary interest in affordances is increasing. This paper is a philosophical contribution. The question is: Do persons offer affordances? Analysis of the concepts 'person' and 'affordance' supports an affirmative answer. On a widely accepted understanding of what persons are, persons exhibit many of the features typical of socionormative affordances. However, to understand persons as offering affordances requires, on the face of it, stretching traditional understandings of the concept of affordance: persons, in contrast to the organisms that partially constitute persons, do not seem to be available to perception. This and similar worries are responded to.


Abstract Intertemporal implications of the mixture-of-distributions hypothesis (MDH) are derived based on the concept of time reversibility in statistical mechanics. The restrictions are tested using simple nonparametric tests that do not impose auxiliary assumptions on the stochastic process for trading volume, price volatility or information arrivals. The tests reject the standard MDH with one latent factor. In particular, shocks to volatility and volume are temporally asymmetric, contrary to the predictions of the MDH. The results indicate that multifactor models are needed to explain the dynamics of the volume–volatility relation.


ABSTRACT The use of animals for therapeutic purposes has been documented in the literature for centuries. This review will highlight evidence of the benefits of animal-assisted therapy as well as provide a plethora of resources for therapists interested in learning more about how animals can provide restorative benefits for their clients.


A photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is provided with: a pair of electrodes facing each other; an electrolyte disposed between the pair of electrodes; and a sealing section, which connects the pair of electrodes to each other, and is provided on the circumference of the electrolyte. The sealing section has at least one corner portion in planar view from the electrode side, and a first contact surface of the corner portion has a first curved line-included surface that includes a curved line on the electrolyte side, said first contact surface being in contact with at least one of the pair of electrodes.


This report is based on the third panel of ECPS's monthly panel series called "Mapping European Populism" which was held online in Brussels on April 28, 2022. The panel brought together top-notch populism scholars from four Scandinavian countries, namely Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark. As a by-product of this fruitful panel the report consists of brief summaries of the speeches delivered by the speakers.


In order to accurately predict reservoirs with similar physical properties between sandstone and surrounding rocks, this study takes Carboniferous-Permian system in southeastern Ordos Basin as an example, and puts forward a multi-attribute probabilistic neural network prediction method based on acoustic time difference compaction correction. Firstly, the time-frequency analysis method is used to divide the frequency of the original acoustic time difference curve, and the low-frequency long-trend correction of all wells is carried out based on the low-frequency components of standard wells. Then, it is frequency-divided and fused with the original high-frequency components to form new acoustic time difference data, and the long-term trend decompaction correction of acoustic time difference is completed, so that the overlapping area of acoustic time difference between reservoir and surrounding rock is reduced. Multi-attribute probabilistic neural network is an algorithm based on sampling points, before reservoir prediction, inversion parameters must be optimized to save calculation time and reduce prediction error. There is a high correlation between longitudinal velocity and lithologic change trend on the inversion profile of sound velocity. The comparison results of various inversions show that the velocity profile of multi-attribute probabilistic neural network has the highest coincidence rate and high resolution with the velocity curve of logging acoustic wave. The example shows that this method has high accuracy in predicting reservoir thickness, especially for the strata with little difference in physical properties between reservoir and surrounding rock.


The European agricultural sector is, for the last decades, a subject to a quite extensive and important transformations imposed by the new paradigm`s changing of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), especially the influences of complex phenomena such as integration and globalization of markets under pressure impose by changes in the global economy. From this perspective, the agriculture is not only a traditional economic sector designed to ensure the food safety and food security, but also a complex one; the agriculture becoming multifunctional in rural communities and diversification of the pluriactivities. In this article are analyzed some of the major transformations of this sector, form the perspective of the European agricultural market and European agricultural model under the CAP`s influence.


This chapter presents a review of Paul W. Knoll's 'A Pearl of Powerful Learning:' The University of Cracow in the Fifteenth Century. The book covers topics such as the foundation, the urban context, institutional issues, all the faculties, intellectual trends, and libraries. Not the least of this book's accomplishments is its digestion and synthesis, in English, of a large body of important Polish scholarship. In addition to its specific foci, Knoll's scholarship contributes an invaluable case study to a growing literature that undercuts the stereotype of the late-medieval university as an institution in decline. Indeed, the University of Cracow was not alone in its vitality and socio-political engagement.


Background: Spinal anesthesia is popular, simple and well accepted reliable technique for below umbilicus surgery. It is frequently used for lower segment section because of its rapid onset, a dense neural block, avoidance of risk of airway, little risk of local anesthetic toxicity and minimal transfer of drug to the fetus, as well as little risk of failure of block. Objectives of this study was to compare incidence and severity of hypotension, dose requirement of mephentermine and maternal bradycardia, shivering, nausea, vomiting.
Methods: ASA grade I, II parturients posted for elective cesarean section were randomly allocated in two study groups of 55 each to receive either preload or co-load with Ringers lactate solution, blood pressure, heart rate, mephentermine requirement and other outcomes recorded at regular interval.
Results: Hypotension was observed significantly less in co-loading group (37.18%) than preloading group (61.81%). Mean vasopressor requirement was also significantly more in preload group. Heart rate change, nausea, vomiting and fetal outcome remained same across both the groups.
Conclusions: Co-loading with crystalloids is more effective strategy than preloading in prevention of spinal induced hypotension. We can save valuable time given for preloading in case of emergency caesarean sections.


The diffusion flame combustion behavior of several solid oxidizers (ammonium nitrate, phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, and ammonium dinitramide) in combination with a hydrocarbon fuel (ethylene) was examined. The oxidizers were first analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and evolved gas analysis to gain an understanding of their basic decomposition characteristics. Next, an opposed flow burner was used to establish a diffusion flame between the decomposition products of the oxidizer(s) and the fuel. Regression rates of the solid oxidizer were measured by a linear variable displacement transducer as a function of fuel flow rate. Ammonium dinitramide demonstrated the highest linear regression rate characteristics by up to two orders of magnitude, followed by ammonium perchlorate, phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate, and finally ammonium nitrate. When comparing mass burning rates, ammonium perchlorate compares favorably to solid fuels such as hydro...


Excerpt Although increasing attention is now being paid to the possibility of an impending shortage of physicians, little thought has been given to the present sources of physician attrition. Many ...


The person called Wang Yuan of the Ming Dynasty wrote a book named "Chu Ci Ji Jie". He has obtained lots of achievements in the aspects Of Xun Gu and Kao Ju , which made he became a focus. When explaining the things and the words in Qu Yuan's works, he adopted a lot of valuable viewpoints of forefathers, for forefathers being below supplement, and has been still not restricted by the viewpoints. He putted forward lots of new views. These views produced important influence for academic circle.He has negated those views of forefathers which "Jiu Zhang" was created when Qu Yuan has been banished in the Yangtze River with the time of south, and he carried out detailed investigation for the writing times and the specific creation background of "Jiu Zhang" each , putted forward plenty of new views. It promoted the study of "Jiu Zhang" .


A symmetric coplanar transmission line, geometrically suitable for incorporating many devices on the same crystal is considered for high-speed integrated optics in LiNb03 . The effect of the line dimensions on the efficient use of the available microwave power for electrooptic applications is discussed. A broadband electrode design is described and a 5 GHz phase modulator operating at 1.5μ m is reported.


Lamyropsis microcephala only occurs in a very restricted area in the Gennargentu massif (CE-Sardinia, Italy) at 1450-1700 m a.s.l. This rare species has been inserted in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Lists under Critically Endangered. In this study, the effect of a pre-chilling period (90 days at 5°C) on germination was investigated as well as the ability of this species to form a soil seed bank. L. microcephala seeds exhibited type 2 non-deep physiological dormancy. Pre-chilling increased the final germination percentages, the germination speed and the temperature range at which high levels of germination were observed. The high optimal germination temperatures (ca. 70% germination at 30°C) demonstrate that this species is well adapted to a temperate climate and the lack of a persistent soil seed bank represents a rarity trait that likely exacerbates the threats to the survival of this species.


Honey and Ashes () revolves around a quest for identity, national and personal; more precisely around a quest for lost origins. In keeping its focus throughout the narrative on family snapshots and studio portraits this family memoir of Ukrainian Canadian author Janice Kulyk Keefer foregrounds the role of photographs in recovering and reconstructing memories of a lost past. Keefer was born in Canada, but her parents and grandparents have a history of painful displacement from their mother country, a place she experienced vicariously through the memories of her relatives, her mother's above all. The photos help her to give concrete evidence of their story, from which she was, in actual fact, excluded. In Honey and Ashes Janice Kulyk Kefeer explores the issues that haunt those who live simultaneously in two countries: the country of the heart and that of the mind. The author was born in Canada, a country which for her family and herself meant freedom and a future filled with opportunities. She was also born, however, into the history of her family's homeland, Ukraine, thus inheriting both the gift and the burden of her family's homeland past, a past that is perceived as «an equal spill of beauty and blood». The painful, disconcerting aspects of this process of remembering are remarked upon throughout the text:


Absolute pitch, the ability to name or produce a musical tone without a reference, is a rare ability which is often related to early musical training and genetic components. However, it remains a matter of debate why absolute pitch is relatively common in autism spectrum disorders and why absolute pitch possessors exhibit higher autistic traits. By definition absolute pitch (which involves the analysis of single tones) is characterized by a focus on a local scale than relative pitch (involving relations between tones, intervals, melodies). This study investigated whether a detail-oriented cognitive style, a concept borrowed from the autism literature (weak central coherence theory), might provide a framework to explain this joint occurrence. Two local-to-global experiments in vision (hierarchically constructed letters) and audition (hierarchically constructed melodies) as well as a pitch adjustment test measuring absolute pitch proficiency were conducted in 31 absolute pitch and 33 relative pitch professional musicians. Analyses revealed inconsistent group differences among reaction time, accuracy and speed-accuracy-composite-scores of experimental conditions (local vs. global, and congruent vs. incongruent stimuli). Furthermore, amounts of interference of global form on judgements of local elements and vice versa were calculated. Interestingly, reduced global-to-local interference in audition was associated with greater absolute pitch ability and in vision with higher autistic traits. Results are partially in line with the idea of a detail-oriented cognitive style in absolute pitch musicians. The inconsistency of the results might be due to limitations of global-to-local paradigms in measuring cognitive style and due to heterogeneity of absolute pitch possessors. In summary, this study provides further evidence for a multifaceted pattern of various and potentially interacting factors on the acquisition of absolute pitch.


The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is generally complex and multilayered. Many, exemplified by Escherichia coli and Spirillum serpens in this study, show a constrictive division in which die c...


In 19th century, Riemann [Riemann 1867] wrote a small but epoch-making paper "Uber die Hypothesen - welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen" during his investigation to find the simplest facts from which the metrical relations of space may be derivable. He concludes this paper by saying: "The question of the validity of the hypothesis of geometry in the infinitely small is bound up with the question of the ground of the metric relations of space. In this last question, which we may still regard as be-longing to the doctrine of space, is found the application of the remark made above; that in a discrete manifoldness, the ground of its metric relations is given in the notion of it, while in a continuous manifoldness, this ground must come from outside. Either therefore the reality which underlies space must from a discrete manifoldness, or we must seek the ground of its metric relations outside it, in binding forces which act upon it.


Purpose

Positioned within a framework of challenges facing universities, this paper aims to focus on challenges faced by teachers of accounting as a business discipline to ensure it remains relevant in a fast-moving and changing environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on a variety of sources, this paper explores a number of issues surrounding teaching and learning in the current university environment. The seven papers that make up the special issue are located within a framework which is used to illustrate how each one contributes to the field. This paper is primarily discursive in nature.

Findings

The theoretical, methodological and empirical approaches used in the papers that make up this special issue are described. In addition, the paper suggests that to remain relevant, teaching and learning will remain an important area for future research.

Practical implications

This paper on teaching and learning is of interest to accounting teachers and researchers, university managers and members of the accounting profession.

Originality/value

This special issue provides a range of examples of research relevant to teaching and learning and sets an agenda for future research.


This special issue of Multiscale Modeling and Simulation: A SIAM Interdisciplinary Journal, on multiscale modeling in biology, stems from the workshop "Biocomplexity V: Multiscale Modeling in Biology," held August 14-17, 2003, at the University of Notre Dame and organized jointly by the Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Biocomplexity at the University of Notre Dame, the Biocomplexity Institute at Indiana University, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, in cooperation with the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. The workshop took place in conjunction with the Notre Dame Conference on Partial Differential Equations with Applications. Modeling and simulation are becoming central research tools in biology. The most advanced of these efforts have focused on single levels or scales, e.g., genomic/proteomic, cellular, tissue, organ, whole body, behavioral, and population. We now need to develop the software tools and mathematical approaches to integrate models from micro-scales to macro-scales in a seamless fashion. Such multiscale models are essential if we are to produce quantitative, predictive models of complex biological behaviors such as embryonic development, cancer, cytoskeletal function, and ecosystems. At the same time, developing the abstractions to integrate between scales will lead to a much deeper understanding of the universal or generic features of biological phenomena. This special issue of MMS presents a state-of-the-art view of the multiscale approach to modeling in biology. The papers in this collection combine theoretical and computational approaches to model a variety of important multiscale biological phenomena in areas ranging from immunology to pattern formation to cytoskeletal dynamics and calcium


IT IS READILY APPARENT that cytokines, particularly lymphokines, play important roles in immune reactions, and clearly must also participate in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Indeed, Burman et al. (1) of 1985 were the first to report the development of hypothyroidism and thyroiditis in patients receiving leukocyte-derived interferon therapy for ma¬ lignancy, later amplifying their description in a second publica¬ tion in 1986 (2). This was soon confirmed by Fentiman et al. (3). More recently administration of pure interferon alpha has been reported to induce hyperthyroidism in one patient (4). It is not clear from these reports whether the AITD persisted after the interferon was withdrawn, and the precise mechanism involved in inducing the AITD remained unclear. Was the thyroiditis mediated by interferon stimulation of thyrocyte HLA-DR expression and thus direct antigen presentation? Or was it due to direct stimulation by the interferon of lympho¬ cytes? Did this state of affairs occur only in persons with a vulnerability to developing AITD? These observations re¬ mained somewhat controversial since Bhakri et al. (5) failed to confirm the above observations using recombinant interferon gamma (IFN-7) in patients. Nevertheless Remy et al. (6) have been able to induce experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in animals using IFN-7. While in one sense this was confirmed by Kawakami et al. (7), in the latter study, the continued adminis¬ tration ofdaily injections of IFN-7 to the animals led to a peak of pathological and serological expression after several days and then a gradual decline in this expression towards baseline despite the continued administration of the IFN-7. This suggests the possibility that IFN-7 alone may not suffice to induce persistent autoimmune thyroiditis. Atkins et al. (8) reported the development of goiter and hypothyroidism occurring in seven patients (21% of the total) receiving interleukin-2 (IL-2) in combination with lymphokineactivated killer (LAK) cells as treatment for advanced malig¬ nancy. Patients treated with IL-2 alone did not develop this disorder. The development of hypothyroidism in response to this combined regimen seemed to be associated with a favorable tumor response. Five of the seven hypothyroid patients also had préexistent thyroid autoantibodies prior to therapy, and these antibodies increased significantly in four of those five. On the other hand, the two patients who became hypothyroid without initial antibodies did not develop them subsequently. Patients who remained euthyroid on this regimen did not manifest such antibodies throughout their course. The results suggested that the combined IL-2 plus LAK cell therapy was somehow aggravating préexistent occult autoimmune thyroidi¬ tis although the precise mechanism(s) was not understood. This phenomenon was soon confirmed by Rubin et al. (9). Rather surprisingly a similar phenomenon of hypothyroidism and goiter in a patient treated with IL-2 alone (without LAK cells) has also been described in one report (10). The mechanisms involved in the development of hypothyroidism, antibodies, and goiter in patients receiving IL-2 with LAK cells remained unknown until the present. The study reported by Sato et al. (11) goes a long way to elucidate the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism under these cir¬ cumstances. They investigated the effect of IL-2 on thyroid function of cultured human thyroid follicles in the presence or absence of autologous thyroid-derived lymphoid cells. In this study, the thyroid cells were obtained from patients with Graves' disease so that both the thyroid cells and the thyroidderived lymphoid cells (TDLC) were from the same patient with Graves' disease. That is, the TDLC were already sensitized to the thyroid antigen. No tissue or TDLC were obtained from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis or normal (paranodular) thyroid tissue that might have been useful as controls. Obtaining tissue from Hashimoto's thyroiditis is difficult since there are rarely grounds for thyroidectomy; on the other hand, paranodu¬ lar tissue is not invested with many lymphocytes, also making a control study of this nature difficult. In the absence of TDLC, IL-2 did not influence thyroid function as induced by bovine TSH (bTSH). In the presence of TDLC however, IL-2 inhibited the bTSH-stimulated thyroid function in a dose-dependent manner. It was of considerable


This communication is a warning to potential users of allicin, which is adsorbed on silicate carriers, to be used either as an analytical standard or as a source of allicin for biological experiments. Preparations of this type are invalid as calibrators, since they do not liberate their allicin content quantitatively and unchanged.


Using the 155 hours of coordinated observing data of Huairou and Big Bear Solar Observatories, the lifetimes of network elements have been determined by different ways. The sample of network elements has been chosen on a strict criterion in order to reduce the bias. Two statistical methods with different considerations show a mean lifetime of elements of 49.20 hours and 54.92 hours, respectively. The least-square fit method provides an average lifetime of 55.84 hours.


The core task of sponsored search is to retrieve relevant ads for the user's query. Ads can be retrieved either by exact match, when their bid term is identical to the query, or by advanced match, which indexes ads as documents and is similar to standard information retrieval (IR). Recently, there has been a great deal of research into developing advanced match ranking algorithms. However, no previous research has addressed the ad indexing problem. Unlike most traditional search problems, the ad corpus is defined hierarchically in terms of advertiser accounts, campaigns, and ad groups, which further consist of creatives and bid terms. This hierarchical structure makes indexing highly non-trivial, as naively indexing all possible "displayable" ads leads to a prohibitively large and ineffective index. We show that ad retrieval using such an index is not only slow, but its precision is suboptimal as well. We investigate various strategies for compact, hierarchy-aware indexing of sponsored search ads through adaptation of standard IR indexing techniques. We also propose a new ad retrieval method that yields more relevant ads by exploiting the structured nature of the ad corpus. Experiments carried out over a large ad test collection from a commercial search engine show that our proposed methods are highly effective and efficient compared to more standard indexing and retrieval approaches.


On the basis of the instability temperature field heat exchange theory,the transformation disciplinarian of the tem-perature was analyzed by using the three dimension space model when the liquid takes the heat quantity during flowing into the well or flowing out from the well,and the temperature field numerical computation mode of the injection string was set up.At the same time,the computation about the temperature distributing of the in-jection string in different work condition and the temperature varia-tion of the injection string when the work condition changes were discussed.All those provide the theory for developing the simula-tion analysis software of injection string,and it is valuable in prac-ticality.


Seeking truth from facts is not only the guiding ideology of Chinese Communist Party, but also the fundamental guarantee for achieving Chinese revolution and construction led by the collective leading group of three generations of the Party; it is also the magic power to keep the Party vital and vigorous permanently.


Mammary stem cells (MaSC) and progenitor cells are important for mammary gland development and maintenance and may give rise to mammary cancer stem cells (MaCSC). Yet, there remains limited understanding of how these cells contribute to tumorigenesis. Here, we show that conditional deletion of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in embryonic mammary epithelial cells (MaEC) decreases luminal progenitors and basal MaSCs, reducing their colony-forming and regenerative potentials in a cell-autonomous manner. Loss of FAK kinase activity in MaECs specifically impaired luminal progenitor proliferation and alveologenesis, whereas a kinase-independent activity of FAK supported ductal invasion and basal MaSC activity. Deficiency in luminal progenitors suppressed tumorigenesis and MaCSC formation in a mouse model of breast cancer. In contrast with the general inhibitory effect of FAK attenuation, inhibitors of FAK kinase preferentially inhibited proliferation and tumorsphere formation of luminal progenitor-like, but not MaSC-like, human breast cancer cells. Our findings establish distinct kinase-dependent and -independent activities of FAK that differentially regulate luminal progenitors and basal MaSCs. We suggest that targeting these distinct functions may tailor therapeutic strategies to address breast cancer heterogeneity more effectively.


In this paper, a nonlinear circuit model for the input of VCSELs based on rate equations is presented. Both parasitic and thermal effects have been included in our model. The model parameters are extracted in two steps, DC and AC measurements. There is an acceptable agreement between simulation results and measured data at 3 MHz to 3GHz. Keyword Circuit optimization, nonlinear circuits, parameter extraction, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs).


PP/PE 93/7 model virgin blends and recycled scraps were compatibilized with Royalene (EPDM/PE 65/35 blend) and mechanically tested. No differences in impact and tensile properties between them were found. However, the tensile-impact strength increased almost twice with 10%-compatibilized sample in comparison with uncompatibilized ones. The yield stress of blends containing 10% Royalene decreased to 75–80% of the original value. This effect is in agreement with microhardness measurements; the increase in the compatibilizer content causes softening of the blend. The elongation at break and elongation at yield do not depend on the compatibilizer concentration. The compatibilizer does not influence the degree of crystallinity (WAXS data) of the blends either. Vickers microhardness is in good agreement with Tabor's relationship. The differences between long periods of HDPE in Royalene and LDPE in PP/PE blends (SAXS) proved PE/EPDM interaction. The interaction plays a key role in the toughening of PP/PE blends. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


Mineral matter can negatively influence liquid yield and product properties from the fast pyrolysis of woody biomass residuals. Biomass pretreatment approaches to reduce the ash content represent a potential pathway to expand the feedstock flexibility of fast pyrolysis. In this work, ash reduction in biomass pyrolysis oil via sieving the fines portion of a hog fuel as well as washing the fractionated hog fuel with nitric acid was investigated prior to the conversion in CanmetENERGY-Ottawa's 5–10 kg/h fast pyrolysis system. It was found that sieving the material was much less influential on the liquid yield and product properties relative to nitric acid washing. Product analysis showed up to 40% increase in organic liquid yield and up to 30% decrease in biochar yield on a dry, ash-free basis by nitric acid washing the fractionated hog fuel. Pyrolysis reaction water was minimized when nitric acid washing the feedstock, which has important implications for the phase separation of the pyrolysis liquids. Throu...


Informationalization is the key to changing economic increase way.Industrial informationalization and informational industrialization are important means in economic growth. To accelerate informationalization, we must change our concept, enhance national information awareness, strengthen the study and formulation of information policy, improve internationally competitive power, reinforce information education, bring up information specialists, perfect information legislation and construction.


Aimed at different processes, acrylic emulsion was designed for optimum composition, JS polymer cementwaterproof coating was prepared for testing and its applied formulation was regulated for optimization.


We present an approach to automatically generate interfaces supporting personalized interaction with digital libraries; these interfaces augment the user-DL dialog by empowering the user to (optionally) supply out-of-turn information during an interaction, flatten or restructure the dialog, and enquire about dialog options. Interfaces generated using this approach for CITIDEL are described.


In [18F]fluoride chemistry, an eluent solution containing a weak aqueous base is used to release [18F]fluoride after adsorption on an anion exchange resin. Traditionally, the eluent solution is freshly prepared, but modern PET tracer manufacturers may utilize the benefits of preparing bulk solutions or prefilled vials for storage. We discovered that typical eluent solutions containing kryptofix and K2CO3 in aqueous acetonitrile degraded upon storage. Acetonitrile will at alkaline pH hydrolyse to acetamide and ammonium acetate. Acetate may serve as a competing nucleophile to [18F]fluoride. Eluent solutions used in the synthesis of [18F]FACBC and [18F]FDG generated mg/ml levels of acetamide and ammonium acetate during storage at room temperature or above. The synthesis of [18F]FACBC was prone to eluent degradation, with gradual reduction of radiochemical yield (RCY) from 62.5% to 44.7% during 12 months of storage at 30 °C. The synthesis of [18F]FDG was only affected when the eluent was stored at 50 °C, reducing the RCY from 86.8% to 66.7% after 3 months of storage. For degradation effects to be avoided, an alternative eluent solution with no acetonitrile was investigated in the synthesis of [18F]FACBC. A methanol-based eluent was successfully made, showing no degradation and unchanged RCY after 6 months of storage at 50 °C. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Yogyakarta is a historic city full of culture. Tamansari is one of the historic buildings of the Yogyakarta palace. The location of Tamansari building is in the south of Sultanate Palace of Yogyakarta. The architect of the building is a portuguese nation. The design of this water castle building is a blend of Javanese, Islamic, Chinese, European, Hindu, and Portuguese culture so that there is acculturation of culture in the building. So Tamansari is a relic of history that must be preserved as afrom of love of the homeland in the tourism sector.


This paper presents the predicted performance of a braced excavation for a subway. The predictions were made by Golder, Gould, Tschebotarioff and Wilson. The excavation was 37 ft wide and 60 ft deep, and five levels of struts were installed. The subsoil consisted of fill, silt and till. The water table was from 6 ft to 8 ft below ground surface. All four experts used semi-empirical methods to predict lateral stresses and strut loads. All, except Gould, assumed hydrostatic pore pressure distribution. The maximum predicted deflection of the sheeting ranged from 1.5 in. to 4 in. At a point on the soil surface 22-1/2 ft behind the excavation, the predicted settlement varied from 0.5 in. to 4 in., while the predicted horizontal movement was either zero or very small. All four considered the deformation of the soil to occur at constant volume.


Parallel numerical libraries for modern architectures can be finely optimized. However, this optimization process may require to carefully set up many parameters, which can be a pretty cumbersome task when done manually. For instance, modern dense linear algebra libraries often split the matrix in submatrices whose size may significantly impact performance. Similarly, the scheduling policy may be of importance, especially when dealing with heterogeneous architectures. Possibly, it may also be interesting to let computational units idle. In this work, we discuss how to automatically decide the selection of these parameters. The idea is that, during a preliminary phase at install time, well chosen tests are performed, so that, once the library has been installed, these parameters get automatically (and instantly) decided while achieving an overall performance close to optimum. We illustrate our discussion with the Chameleon dense linear algebra library running on top of the StarPU runtime system. We use the SimGrid simulator to predict the performance of time consuming executions (large matrices) and hence reduce the time spent in the autotuning phase.


Objectives: The aim of this study were to evaluate (1) the bond strength of a light cured resin cement and (2) the effectiveness of a double transfer tray technique in indirect bonding of orthodontic brackets. Methods: A total of 150 bovine teeth were mounted in blocks of 6 and distributed to test (indirect bonding) and control (direct bonding) groups. Brackets were bonded using the total etch technique for the control group. For the test group, a 1mm hard and 1mm soft double tray with the addition of a light cure resin (Filtek Flow) was used for bonding. Tensile bond strength was recorded 20 minutes following bonding. Results: No significant difference in bond strength was found between any two teeth or between the test and control groups. Bond strength was 8.13 (0.44) and 7.76 (1.82) MPa for the test and control groups respectively. Conclusion: The light cure material provided clinically acceptable bond strengths and is recommended for indirect bonding. In addition, the double tray technique provided an effective method for indirect bonding. [Ameerah Mansour and Zuhair Bakhsh. An Evaluation of a Light Cure and Dual Tray Technique For Indirect Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):190-193]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26


This paper contributes to advancing the research agenda on ethics in the Anthropocene (Schmidt JJ, Brown PG and Orr CJ (2016) Ethics in the Anthropocene: A research agenda. The Anthropocene Review 3(3): 188–200). Specifically, it responds to the call to explore 'the new human condition' (Palsson G, Szerszynski B, Sörlin S et al. (2013) Reconceptualizing the 'Anthropos' in the Anthropocene: Integrating the social sciences and humanities in global environmental change research. Environmental Science & Policy 28: 8) in the age of the Anthropocene by rethinking the relational ontology within the context of climate change. I propose that given the global and long-term implications of climate change, climate justice discourse should go beyond the Self–Other binary and incorporate the notion of the Unknown Other. By drawing on the moral philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas and moral sentimentalism scholarship, I theorize the ethical relationship with the Unknown Other. I propose that the encounter with the 'face' (identity, experience, voice) of the Unknown Other is conditioned by the Self's contribution to climate change. Therefore, the encounter with the Unknown Other is not physical and corporeal but ethical, and thus triggers a moral engagement that has a dual base – responsibility and emotion. The former is expressed in the form of asymmetrical responsibility and the latter in the form of empathy.


The study was conducted to investigate the level of service quality for different dimensions based on the perception of private school teachers towards service quality. The investigation indicated level of perception for different dimensions namely tangibles, responsiveness, empathy, reliability and assurance. A questionnaire on Service Quality (SERVQUAL) was administered to a total of 93 teachers in private schools in Selangor, Malaysia. The findings indicated that teachers at the selected private schools had significant higher perception when the level of perception was compared with the middle score of the scale (middle score =5.5 with full scale ranging from '1' to '10'). On the other hand, the results indicated that the teachers' perceptions for all the dimensions were significantly more than the middle scale of '5.5'. The dimensions in the service quality were significantly correlated. Dimensions of assurance and empathy have been identified as important dimensions in the service quality. These two dimensions were highly correlated with responsiveness as well.


Apostleship in Ołtarzew. Th e following institutions are bound with the Faculty of Th eology of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University with the coope-ration agreement: Archdiocese Clerical Seminary in Białystok, Higher Clerical Seminary in Łódź, Higher Clerical Seminary in Łomża, Franciscan Higher Clerical Seminary in Łódź-Łagiewniki, Higher Clerical Seminary of the Salesian Society in Ląd nad Wartą, Higher Clerical Seminary of the Salesian Society in Łódź. kluczowe:


In compressed stereoscopic video transmission over the Internet,it is sensitive to packet loss.What's worse,packet loss may cause a whole-right-frame's loss.So it is necessary and important for the decoder to exploit error concealment algorithm to obtain the quality-accepted image.In this paper,two error concealment algorithms are proposed based on the latest H.264/AVC.They are designed to deal with the whole-right-frame loss in stereoscopic video stream transmission.Firstly,analyse the characteristics of stereo video and then utilize them to do concealing.Experiment results show that the proposed methods achieve good objective and subjective quality.


Inspired by the principle of the biological immune system (BIS), this paper discussed the relationship between the biological immune system and the cooperative air-defense system of system for surface warship formation (CASoSSWF). Furthermore the new function structure model of immune agents of the CASoSSWF are designed, the agents include the monitoring agent, the regulating agent, the killing agent and the communicating agent. On the basis of above agent models, the novel immune multi-agent system model is established and the model defense mechanism and features are analyzed. This original idea is very useful for studying on the cooperative air-defense system of system for surface warship formation.


This is an analysis of the vegetation of the Ettrema and Northern Budawangs areas. These are the two core wilderness areas of the Morton National Park. The distinctive sandstone landscape of these two areas covers approximately one and one half thousand square kilometres. The vegetation communities, previously undocumented, are defined and then analysed in terms of their environmental interrelationships, both spatial and temporal. The analysis began with the mapping and classification of plant communities. They were classified differently according to vegetation formation. Heathland and rainforest were subdivided on the basis of location and species composition. Eucalyptus forest was defined in terms of associations (sensu Beadle and Costin 1952) and gradients of change. The vegetation was mapped onto a series of topographic maps covering the area. These maps have been reproduced at a reduced scale in this thesis (Figs 3.3 -3.12). A full-scale set of 9 1:25,000 map sheets covering the area are lodged in the map library in the Geography Department at Wollongong University. Mapped vegetation units often equate with "land systems" (sensu Keith & Benson 1988), containing the classified communities in short spatial sequence. The defined communities were then described in terms of their place in the landscape. The majority of communities were found to occupy more than one habitat. This was interpreted as the vegetational response to the changing balance of basic plant growth factors. It was found that communities could be statistically grouped in relation to plant macronutrients, whereas the extent to which communities could be grouped statistically according to topography was found to be relatively low. Temporal changes were examined from the three perspectives of (i) stability of Eucalyptus associations (ii) evolutionary significance of rare species (iii) relationships between vegetation distribution patterns and fire. (i) It was found that co-occurring groups of eucalypts are frequently composed of species which can (theoretically) interbreed, since they occur in the same subgenera. It was


Village committee,as an institution of autonomy,is a general organization in Chinese rural regions.Starting from the 30 years of villager autonomy practice in Chinese rural regions since open and reform,the problems in democratic election are analyzed.The developing measurement is pointed out from the perspective of villager autonomy.


For a reasonable description of combined deterioration – that is, the chloride attack accompanying carbonation, an integrated numerical analysis program, which can simulate the chloride penetration, moisture transport, and carbonation in the same time and space domain, is developed in this study. It is assumed that the main reason for the accelerated penetration of chloride under combined deterioration is re-dissolution of bound chloride as a result of carbonation. After verifying the applicability of developed analysis program by performing a simulation analysis of Lee & Yoon's experimental work, case studies were made in order to investigate the influence of carbonation on the penetration of free chloride under various environmental conditions.


This report presents a voxel-based biomechanical model for muscle deformation using nite element method (FEM) and volume graphics. Hierarchical voxel meshes are reconstructed from ltered segmented muscle images followed by FEM simulation and volume rendering. Physiological muscle force is considered and linear elastic muscle models for both static and dynamic cases are simulated by FEM. Voxel-based wireframe, polygon surface rendering and volume rendering techniques are applied to show real-time muscle deformation processes as well as realistic animations. The simulations and renderings demonstrate an excellent performance of the new model. An algorithm is o ered to employ volume graphics in medical applications.


The title complex, [ZnCl2(C12H16Cl2N2O)], is a mononuclear Schiff base zinc(II) compound. The tetrahedral Zn atom is coordinated by one imine N and one phenolate O atoms of the Schiff base ligand and by two chloride anions. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.


Studies are presented here on a tunable RF MEMS Comb line filter to analyze the effect of residual stress on its electromechanical characteristics. Realization of such a filter has already been reported by the authors [1]. However, analysis presented therein neglects the effect of residual stress, which may result in a significant modification of the beam actuation voltage. The issue is addressed here. This paper presents the simulated results as well as theoretically calculated results of a comb line filter due to the presence of residual stress gradient in respect of actuation voltage and spring constant of fixed-fixed beam characteristics for gold films. Modal analysis of the fixed-fixed beam structures are carried out for different values of residual stress gradients. Modal analysis predicts that higher values of tensile residual stress gradient are not favourable for fixed-fixed beam filter action. Modal analysis of fixed-fixed beam is analyzed by mechanical simulation tool COVENTORWARE-2008®.


Recently,there are more and more newly built colleges and the higher education market develops fast.With the enlarging of the education management rights,colleges become the direct body of education management benefit and they bear more social responsibility.It becomes an important research subject for colleges,especially newly built colleges,how to use SWOT analysis to carry out college education planning.This article,beginning from the main tasks which newly built colleges are confronting with,analyzes the positive and negative situations newly built colleges are facing on the basis of SWOT analysis and puts forward some corresponding measures.


Summary. Lechenaultia biloba Lindl. (Goodeniaceae), blue leschenaultia, one of Western Australia's well-known blue flowers, has been grown in Britain since the 1840s.


ASMC offers practical solutions on impriving the semiconductor manufacturing process. The 1998 conference focused on methodologies used to achieve manufacturing excellence.


Objective(s) The liver has major role in the organism homeostasis, interactions with other systems, synthesis and metabolism of bile production, drug detoxification and hormone inactivation. Cholestasis can be defined as an impairment of the bile flow which can lead to hepatocytes necrosis and finally cirrhosis. Some studies reported a gastric acid secretion reduction in cirrhotic subjects, while others reported normal production gastric acid secretion. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of cholestasis and cirrhosis on gastric acid and pepsin secretions and its possible mechanism in rat. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n= 8): control, cholestasis, sham cholestasis, cirrhosis and sham cirrhosis. Laparatomy was done under general anesthesia and then bile duct ligation (BDL) was performed. After 2 and 4 weeks in cholestasis and cirrhosis groups respectively, gastric content was collected by wash-out technique. Basal and stimulated acid and pepsin secretions were measured by using titration and the Anson method respectively in all groups. In order to measure stimulated acid and pepsin secretions, pentagastrin (25 µg/kg, i.p.) was used. Nitric Oxide (NO) metabolites of gastric tissue were determined by Griess microassy method. Results Acid and pepsin secretions were significantly reduced in cholestatic and cirrhotic rats in comparison with control and sham groups (P< 0.01). NO metabolite of gastric tissue was significantly increased in cholestatic and cirrhotic rats (P< 0.01). Conclusion Reducing of gastric acid and pepsin output in cholestatic and cirrhotic rats may be due to increasing in NO content of gastric tissue.


We investigate the spectral dependence of the linear and two-photon absorption of wurtzite CdS nanoparticles (dots and rods) by means of quantitative one- and two-photon photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy and effective mass theory modeling. Absolute two-photon absorption cross sections free from spectrally varying beam related uncertainties are obtained by means of a new reference dye-based method. The two-photon spectrum features of rods strongly differ from those of dots, due to the distinct energy structure of quasi-one-dimensional systems. The transversal confinement is found to dominate the energy of the absorption maxima while the longitudinal one dominates their absorption intensity. This suggests two-photon transition energy and intensity can be controlled independently in nanorods. For both geometries we observe a sizable spectral shift between the first one- and two-photon absorption maxima, which we conclude is inherent to the small rates of near-bandgap two-photon transitions rather tha...


As the oil-price and the US Dollar have been going down within the past years and production becomes more and more complicated it is necessary to reduce production costs. The cooperation between different departments led to a great progress in minimizing well-failures and therewith service life of sucker rod pumping increased. Starting from statistics on service life and failure some technical measurements are presented and discussed with regard to their efficacy. These include - sucker rod pumping (corrosion-resistant materials, appropriate use of piston and barrel, sand wiper, gaslock breaker), - sucker rods (use of high strength sucker rods-grade D instead of grade C, use of sinker bars, exploration of wear of sucker rods caused by different sucker rod couplings and rod guides), -tubings (tubings made of J55 quality are normalized after the upsetting action by the producer according to an internal company specification, installation of glass-fiber-reinforced-tubings, test of tubing rotators) and - reservoir fluid (change of corrosion inhibitor after careful tests in laboratory and field, more efficient control of paraffin through hot water and liquid hydrocarbons).


The ratios of the zwitterion form to the uncharged form of glycine, KD=[NH3+CH2COO−]/[NH2CH2COOH], were determined in mixtures of water with methanol, ethanol, t-butyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, and tetrahydrofuran. The value of In KD decreases and, therefore, ΔG298° increases, with the increase in the mole fractions of the organic solvents. The plots of ΔG° vs. reciprocal of the dielectric constants of the alcoholic mixtures are simply linear indifferent to the kind of alcohols, indicating that this relation obeys the Scatchard equation and that the free energy change of the process of the intramolecular protonation in glycine is controlled mainly by electrostatic interaction, especially by the entropy change associated with the preferential solvation around the charged amino and carboxyl groups.


Every semester I teach a typical social foundations of education course titled "Schooling in American Society." I often begin class by discussing reproduction. I distinguish biological reproduction, the passing on of our genetic inheritance, from social and cultural reproduction. The latter reproduces social customs, norms of conduct, social practices, tool use, and language as well as beliefs and values. I observe that education is the site of cultural reproduction before distinguishing between schooling and education. Education is ubiquitous and inevitable; schooling is an institutionalized activity usually confined to designated times and places. Public schooling is subject to public regulation and control, presumably for the common good. I conclude by observing that true democratic education seeks educational equality as a way to educate individuals capable of criticizing and recreating society—not simply reproducing the status quo. Surprisingly, many of my student teachers find the notion of creative democracy puzzling. They assume our democracy is complete and only requires preserving. This essay arises out of my efforts to reply to their perplexity. Let us concentrate on the ideas of sameness and standardization. There is profound wisdom within William Blake's epigraph above. The insights of John Dewey illuminate this wisdom in the context of creative democracy. We must assail the very idea of one-size-fits-all standards as a vehicle for educational equality in a democratic society, especially in such a society's public school


state (such, one may suppose, as that in this review) is merely evidence of a bourgeois mentality. The illogic in this position is so glaring that to identify it is merely to call attention to the obvious. Even if one were to grant Martin's simplistic view of the role of law in the West, it does not follow that there is no place for a concern with protection of the individual under socialism. Socialist states are no less capable of grotesque acts of political repression than capitalist ones. Yet Martin mindlessly catalogues Tanzania's truly awesome legalization of executive power and the absence of court restraints on that power as evidence that collective freedom is being upheld (see pp. 82-132). It is to the credit of the Tanzanian executive branch, and a mute official comment on the seriousness with which Martin's ideas are taken, that the government of Tanzania has, for the most part, proven reluctant to utilize the vast arbitrary powers at its disposal.


The 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3 quark-mixing matrix of Kobayashi and Maskawa is reexamined, using the latest information in calculating the ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{-}{K}_{S}$ mass difference and the $\mathrm{CP}$-violation parameter $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, and using recent data of $\ensuremath{\nu}$ and $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ production of opposite-sign dileptons, and semileptonic decays of charmed and $b$-flavored particles; then the neutral-particle\char22{}antiparticle mixing and $\mathrm{CP}$ violation in the ${D}^{0}{\overline{D}}^{0}$, ${B}^{0}{\overline{B}}^{0}$, and ${T}^{0}{\overline{T}}^{0}$ systems are calculated. Constraints on the mixing matrix and $t$-quark mass from ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are also considered.


GaAs quantum wires (100 × 20 nm2) buried in AlAs layers have been successfully fabricated using metal organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) for the first time. The underlying growth mechanism is that, under appropriate As4 pressure in MOMBE, GaAs preferentially grows only on the sidewalls of the patterned (111)B substrate without any formation of GaAs on the (111)B surface.


The management system of travel companies should be adapted to a wide range of travel services, the dynamics of tourist flows, trends in the tourism market, which are constantly changing due to new trends in the behavioral and inclusive economy, the experience economy. This causes the further development of approaches to the formation, improvement of methods and technologies of management of tourism enterprises to ensure the competitiveness of individual services, tourism products, and the tourism sector as a whole. The article aims to generalize and develop scientific approaches to the formation of management systems for tourism enterprises. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the principles of modern management theory, tourism economics, the economics of experience. There was used a systematic approach to the study of the processes of formation and development of the management system of tourism enterprises and a set of methods that ensure its implementation, namely: logical generalization, synthesis, analysis, and comparison. The main result of the work is the determination of the approaches to the formation of the management of tourism enterprises and substantiate their specifics, namely: an approach based on the classical functions of management; an approach based on taking into account the peculiarities of tourist services and tourist product; an approach based on market environment signs; an approach based on the principles of microsocial management; an approach based on world management standards; security approach; an approach based on the principles of experience economics. The content of the management of tourist enterprises is based on the principles of the economy of experience, namely: consumer loyalty, close emotional connection between customers and services, personalization of the tourist product. Conclusion: promising areas for the development of tourism enterprise management systems were identified due to the study of scientific and analytical sources. It is defined that modern tourism enterprises in improving management systems should take into account new trends in inclusive development, behavioral economy, the experience economy, to ensure both an acceptable level of profitability and long-term competitiveness.


This chapter explores the 'right of return'. This was accorded to Greeks who went overseas in the great colonizing period and the evidence for it is largely epigraphic.