We used electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to examine the processes that enable subjects to intentionally ignore transient, task-irrelevant visual stimuli, keeping such stimuli from interfering with short-term memory for similar, but behaviorally relevant visual stimuli (Yotsumoto & Sekuler, in press). Subjects recognition memory was tested for brief, sequentially-presented compound sinusoidal gratings that varied in spatial frequency; in one condition, one of two study items was consistently task irrelevant. Event related potentials (ERPs) were derived from EEG signals synched either to the onset of the to-be-remembered item or to the onset of the to-be-ignored item. When these two ERPs were compared at varying times following stimulus onset and on varying locations on the scalp, we found that early on, the occipital cortex was indifferent to whether the stimulus was to be ignored or remembered. Differences between ignoring and remembering were found in the left frontal area at about 200 msec after stimulus onset, followed by the parietal area at 250 msec, and the occipital area at 300 msec. The early differences in frontal areas suggest top-down inhibitory control; the relatively late onset of occipital modulation suggests that intentional ignoring becomes effective well-after the stimulus becomes visible.


The aim of this study was to examine the bioequival ence of generic MESALAMINE 400 mg tablets (T) manufactured by APL Research Centre Pv.T., Ltd, Ind ia and a reference (R) manufactured by SUN Pharma L td., India (Mesacol ) in healthy volunteers. Thirty-four subjects (+4 r eserve) were randomly selected. Each subject was randomly allocated to one of two treatment sequence s (TR or RT). After an overnight fasting period of 10 h, the subjects were administered either the test or the r ef rence formulation as per the randomization sched ule. The two treatments were separated by a 7-day washout period . Twenty nine blood samples (4 mL each) were drawn t predose (0 h), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9,10,11,12.5,14, 16, 18, 20,22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 h post-dose. Concentrations of mesalamine in plasma w ere analyzed by a validated LC-MS/MS method, with L LOQ 2 ng/mL for Mesalamine and 10 ng/mL for N-Acetyl mesa lamine . The pharmacokinetic parameters, C max, AUC0-tlast, AUC0-∞, Tmax, t1/2, and kel, were calculated using a non-compartment model. Th e log transformed geometric mean ratios (GMR) of Cmax, AUC0-tlast and AUC0-∞ were tested for bioequivalence using a 2-way ANOVA . Thirty-eight subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean (test and reference) were: C max (849.41 and 719.92 ng/mL); AUC0-tlast (8711.94 and 7352.55 ng.h/mL); AUC 0-∞ (8728.24 and 7367.14ng.h/mL); and t 1/2 (9.40 and 9.41h) for mesalamine and , C max (1170.33 and 1118.30ng/mL); AUC 0-tlast (30021.90 and 26136.86ng.h/mL); AUC 0-∞ (30694.39 and 26429.16ng.h/mL); and t 1/2 (15.20 and 12.54h) for N-Acetyl mesalamine respect iv ly. The respective median Tmax were 6 and 7 h for mesalamine and 9 h for N-Acetyl mesalamine respectively. The GMR (90% CI) of Cmax, AUC0-tlast, and AUC0-∞ were within the bioequivalence limit of 80-125%. B oth formulations were well tolerated. The study demonstrated the bioequivalenc e of the two formulations of mesalamine 400 mg.


Abstract : Detailed energy audits were performed on each of the processes involved in the production of 155 mm M483 ICM rounds at the Kansas Army Ammunition Plant. Energy consumption baselines were established for all of the individual operations associated with this round, and potential energy conservation opportunities were defined, which amount to $3,495 per year under the current one-shift-per-day operating level and $9,635 per year under a three-shift-per-day operationing level. Reviewed are the principal advantages and disadvantages of air logics and intrinsically safe logics when used for medium-sized control function.


When Don Quixote attacked the ferocious giants he had some trouble to see what his squire Sancho Pansa saw – just ordinary windmills. Occasionally educational developers may suffer from similar issues to those of Don Quixote when it comes to 'fight for better teaching' at universities.
Teachers' beliefs influence their teaching practices (Korthagen 2004). Opinions about what «good teaching and learning» is can drift apart (Entwistle et al. 2000). Conceptions of novice and expert teachers may differ widely (Dunkin 2002), but other factors influence relevant conceptions too. It is crucial for educational developers do understand teachers' challenges they face every day. To find a common language is the starting point of a true co-operation allowing new ideas.
Within the scope of a further education programme for HE teachers at a Swiss university participants have been asked to submit short reports of challenges in their everyday teaching practice. Assembling and analysing more than 200 descriptions led to conclusions about typical troubles and difficulties teachers tackle. Results lead to a better understanding and help educational developers to detect windows of opportunity for specific support, considering that effective educational development must be understood as a mutual process of development-teams and those being affected by the change.


The utility model relates to a swing shear wall belonging to the field of shockproof structure systems. The swing shear wall is composed of a reinforced concrete shear wall, vertical energy dissipation dampers and a swing shock isolation bearer. The vertical energy dissipation dampers are symmetrically arranged at the foot of the reinforced concrete shear wall and are anchored within a foundation. The swing shock isolation bearer is disposed in the middle of the foot of the reinforced concrete shear wall and anchored within the foundation. The swing shock isolation bearer is composed of two steel members that can relatively move in the vertical direction but cannot relatively move in the horizontal direction. The swing shear wall designed in a clear manner is convenient to construct, helps to effectively protect a main body structure in the event of a medium earthquake or a severe earthquake, enables damaged members to be restored and replaced after earthquakes, and can be widely applied to important building structures in high intensity earthquake-stricken areas.


The invention discloses a combined converting terminal and an automotive relay. The combined converting terminal includes a plate-shaped insulating body, and at least two connecting terminals; wherein the at least two connecting terminals are embedded and molded in the insulating body during injection molding of the insulating body respectively, and the connecting terminals are in electrical insulation with each other; and each connecting terminal includes a first terminal, a second terminal and a third terminal, the first terminal and the second terminal extend out from adjacent two surfaces of the insulating body, and the first terminal is electrically connected to the second terminal through the third terminal. The automotive relay includes a PCB assembly and the combined converting terminal; the second terminals of the at least two connecting terminals are pins respectively and are inserted into at least two pin inserting holes arranged in the PCB assembly respectively; and the distance between the second terminals of the at least two connecting terminals fits the distance between the at least two pin inserting holes of the PCB assembly. According to the invention, the connections between various connecting terminals and the insulating body are more solid and are not easy to loosen and fall off.


The solution is to use access software: a screenreader, or a magnifier, or a non-standard application, or what native capacity there is in the operating system. Most blind people use some combination of all these strategies, knowingly or not. This chapter describes these categories of access software for blind people; how screenreaders work; the state-of-the-art in access software; and a review of some of the big challenges facing access software.


There was performed the analysis of the correspondence of approved methods of parasitological research to goals of ensuring an effective system of sanitary and hygienic monitoring and control of parasitic environmental safety. There has been established the discrepancy between the methodological procedures and the international standards of laboratory technologies and the backlog in the provision of regulatory and legal requirements. One of directions in solving the problems of the practical health service is the improvement of the material and technical and methodological basis of parasitological laboratories, the introduction of high-tech robotic microscope analyzers and research methods based on the use of immunosorbents - methods of immunomagnetic separation (IMS), adapted to parasitological studies of environmental objects of various natural origin. IMS methods of investigation are based on the use of immunosorbents.


Electric field polarization orientations and gradients close to near‐field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) probes render nano‐Raman fundamentally different from micro‐Raman spectroscopy. With x‐polarized light incident through an NSOM aperture, transmitted light has x, y and z components allowing nano‐Raman investigators to probe a variety of polarization configurations. In addition, the strong field gradients in the near‐field of a NSOM probe lead to a breakdown of the assumption of micro‐Raman spectroscopy that the field is constant over molecular dimensions. Thus, for nano‐Raman spectroscopy with an NSOM, selection rules allow for the detection of active modes with intensity dependent on the field gradient. These modes can have similar activity as infra‐red absorption modes. The mechanism can also explain the origin and intensity of some Raman modes observed in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.


Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma, which also accounts up 11% of all lymphomas, is named Hodgkin's disease. This malignant disease is known as the Reed-Sternberg-cell, which is situated in lymph-nodes and is characterized by the proliferation of irregular gait. The disease occurs more often in those between 15-30 years and over 55 and is doubling prevalent in women, in men and women. The sickness is bimodal age specific. The frequency in India is around 1 in 25,000 inhabitants. However, for all stages, long-term survival is around 80%.
Clinical Findings: The onset of symptoms is usually insidious but usually used for frequent diagnosis are: Extension of lymph nodes in area of cervical, axillary or inguinal, extraordinary weight loss, Fatigue, Weakness, fever, chills, tachycardia, sweating or nocturnal sweat.
Diagnostic Evaluation: Peripheral analysis of the blood, Biopsy of Excision of lymph node, Examination of bone marrow, Radiological study
Therapeutic Management: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy or some may need immunotherapy or stem cell transplant.
Outcome: After treatment, the child showed great improvement.
Conclusion: A 11 year male child was admitted to pediatric ward no.22 in AVBRH on 25/05/2021 with a unique case of Hodgkin's lymphoma with severe pain and discompfort. He was admitted in hospital and all investigation and treatment were started. After getting medical treatment and physiotherapy he shows great improvement and the treatment was still going on till my last date of care.


Description Scientists have not yet adapted to new information environments Almost a decade ago, we wrote, "Without applied research on how to best communicate science online, we risk creating a future where the dynamics of online communication systems have a stronger impact on public views about science than the specific research that we as scientists are trying to communicate" (1). Since then, the footprint of subscription- based news content has slowly shrunk. Meanwhile, microtargeted information increasingly dominates social media, curated and prioritized algorithmically on the basis of audience demographics, an abundance of digital trace data, and other consumer information. Partly as a result, hyperpolarized public attitudes on issues such as COVID-19 vaccines or climate change emerge and grow in separate echo chambers (2). Scientists have been slow to adapt to a shift in power in the science information ecosystem—changes that are not likely to reverse.


Abstract I examine Rousseau's claim that any given will can be either itself or another, and cannot be commuted (to representatives, for example), through an investigation of liberty and legitimacy in The Social Contract, with respect to which Rousseau elaborates his notion that we prescribe laws to ourselves. Through an examination of the logic of the general will, I attempt to show that, while the theory of legitimacy is radical, it is faced with serious problems that concern the identification of the we (or the I) that is supposed to be prescribing laws to itself, and that when we are (I am) supposedly doing so, the identity of the will is far from clear.


We consider fifty transiting short-period giant planets for which eclipse depths have been measured at multiple infrared wavelengths. The aggregate dayside emission spectrum of these planets exhibits no molecular features, nor is brightness temperature greater in the near-infrared. We combine brightness temperatures at various infrared wavelengths to estimate the dayside effective temperature of each planet. We find that dayside temperatures are proportional to irradiation temperatures, indicating modest Bond albedo and no internal energy sources, plus weak evidence that dayside temperatures of the hottest planets are disproportionately high. We place joint constraints on Bond albedo, $A_{B}$, and day-to-night transport efficiency, $\varepsilon$, for six planets by combining thermal eclipse and phase variation measurements (HD 149026b, HD 189733b, HD 209458b, WASP-12b, WASP-18b, and WASP-43b). We confirm that planets with high irradiation temperatures have low heat transport efficiency, and that WASP-43b has inexplicably poor transport; these results are statistically significant even if the precision of single-eclipse measurements has been overstated by a factor of three. Lastly, we attempt to break the $A_{B}$-$\varepsilon$ degeneracy for nine planets with both thermal and optical eclipse observations, but no thermal phase measurements. We find a systematic offset between Bond albedos inferred from thermal phase variations ($A_{B} \approx 0.35$) and geometric albedos extracted from visible light measurements ($A_{g} \approx 0.1$). These observations can be reconciled if most hot Jupiters have clouds that reflect 30-50 per cent of incident near-infrared radiation, as well as optical absorbers in the cloud particles or above the cloud deck.


Traditionally, the non-standard German variety Upper Saxon is reported to have only lenis stops /b d g/ since the fortis stops /p t k/ were lenited to /b d g/ as a consequence of Central German Lenition. In standard German, fortis and lenis stops still have a contrastive function. Words like <Kasse> (cash register) and <Gasse> (alleyway) differ word-initially and are thus distinct in the standard variety, whereas they are homophones in the Upper Saxon region. In my dissertation, I suggest that Upper Saxon speakers have to acquire the standard German distinction, assuming that the contrast is not implemented in their native dialect (D1). As language processing has been found to be not just languagebut also dialect-specific, it has been suggested that speakers acquiring an unfamiliar variety of their native language (D2) are comparable to L2 learners acquiring typologically similar languages. However, systematic investigations into this claim are still lacking.


Observations of bremsstrahlung X rays emitted by energetic electrons impacting the earth's atmosphere can be used for remotely sensing the morphology, intensity, and energy spectra of electron precipitation from the magnetosphere. The utility of the technique derives from the broad energy range of observable X rays (2 to greater than 100 keY), the simple emission process, the large x-ray mean free path in the atmosphere, and negligible background. Two auroral X-ray imagers, developed for future spaceflight, will be discussed. PIXIE (Polar Ionospheric X-ray Imaging Experiment) is scheduled for launch on the NASA International Solar-Terrestrial Physics/Global Geospace Science program POLAR satellite in May, 1994. The POLAR orbit, with an apogee and perigee of 9 and 1 .8 RE (earth radii), respectively, affords the opportunity to image the aurora from high altitude above the north pole continuously for several hours. MAXIE (Magnetospheric Atmospheric X-ray Imaging Experiment) is scheduled for launch aboard the NOAA-I satellite in late 1992. The 800-km polar orbit passes over both the northern and southern aurora! zones every 101 minutes. The presentation emphasizes the experimental approaches used to exploit these very different orbits for remote sensing of the earth's aurora! zones.


of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Exercise and Sport Sciences BILATERAL ASYMMETRIES IN FLEXIBILITY, STABILITY, POWER, STRENGTH, AND MUSCLE ENDURANCE ASSOCIATED WITH PREFERRED AND NONPREFERRED LEGS By Dennis Valdez May 2003 Chair: MaryBeth Horodyski Major Department: Exercise and Sport Sciences The uninjured limb is commonly used as a pre-injury model because of the assumption that the limbs are symmetrical. Unfortunately, this may not be true in all athletes. One-legged athletes (1LA) (e.g., jumpers/kickers) may develop bilateral asymmetries as a result of specific training. The purpose of this study was to determine whether asymmetries in flexibility, stability, power, strength, and muscular endurance existed in the preferred and nonpreferred legs of 1LA athletes. Five characteristics were measured in three groups of subjects: nonathletes (NAS) (n=8, age 21.0 + 1.2 y, height 170.1 + 6.9 cm, weight 68.5 + 13.1 kg); two-legged athletes (2LA) (n=8, age 20.8 + 1.3 y, height 169.9 + 8.6 cm, weight 66.3 + 10.0 kg), and one-legged athletes (n=8, age 20.3 + 1.4 y, height 179.7 + 11.0, weight 72.9 + 13.9 kg). Quadricep and hamstring flexibility were measured using an inclinometer during a passive prone knee-flexion test and a supine passive straight-leg raise, respectively. Stability was assessed by having subjects jump onto a forceplate and stand on one leg. One-legged hop distance (OLH)


Okay, so, you're looking for a new car and you don't really have all the information you need to make an informed decision.  Well, a new App called Car and Driver's Buying Guide from Car and Driver will go a long way to help you find all the...


Bridges are the key to connecting the entire highway, directly affecting the economic and social benefits of the highway. In recent years, China's highway bridges have faced such phenomena as frequent traffic accidents caused by heavy traffic, high vehicle loads, and fast speeds, and the severity of accidents has become worse. It is imperative to evaluate the safety of bridges. Bridge safety risk assessment is an important means to effectively prevent and reduce traffic accidents. Based on the in-depth analysis of the influencing factors of bridge construction safety, this paper determines the impact of bridge construction safety evaluation index system, on this basis, adopts the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), establishes a bridge construction safety risk evaluation model based on the AHP, proposes the impact the key factors of bridge construction safety, and provides a reference for improving the bridge construction safety in China.


Abstract Determining individual potential for performance within multicultural environments is important in the increasingly globalised workplace. The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ) aim to measure such professional effectiveness. In a study using student and faculty samples in an international educational context, the reliability and validity of both inventories were examined, as was the ability of the MPQ to discriminate between those with and without international work-based aspirations. The MPQ demonstrated some limited potential for identifying multicultural effectiveness. However, data gathered did not support previous claims for the predictive value of the MPQ or for the ability of either instrument to discriminate between disparate samples. The implications for the use of these and other instruments are discussed.


Summary form only given. Recent pump-probe experiments showing trapping and quasiguiding of a probe pulse in a preformed plasma channel at low gas pressure suggests that at higher initial gas pressure, increased laser-plasma interaction could result in self-trapping of the pump pulse itself. The investigation of this self-consistent beam-plasma interaction is reported here.


Polyvinylchloride, known as PVC, is a thermoplastic material. All that this complicated term means is the material becomes plastic (softens) when exposed to heat and then returns to "normal" when the temperature drops. In its plastic stage it can be formed into pipes and other useful objects. A high rate of expansion and contraction is a further characteristic of thermoplastic pipe materials. Temperature variation needs therefore to be considered in the design of pipe systems.


Family Matters in the British and American Novel examines the literature that challenges and alters widely held assumptions about the form of the family, familial authority patterns, and the function of courtship, marriage, and family life from the late-eighteenth century to the present day.


We consider stable, discrete time, first order LTI systems with finite input alphabets and quantized outputs. We propose an algorithm for generating deterministic finite state machine approximations of these systems with computable bounds on approximation error, and we describe the conditions under which the bounds are valid.


Immigrants are vital members of U.S. society and are essential contributors to the U.S. labor force. Today, immigrants comprise a significant portion of the U.S. population, however, career assessment research has largely ignored their work experiences, and career counselors are not trained on the intricacies on the delivery of career counseling and assessment services with this population. In this article, the authors provide an overview of current immigration patterns in the United States. In addition, the authors evaluate the current state of vocational psychology research with U.S. immigrants and provide suggestions for future vocational research and practice with immigrants and professional training for career counselors in this area.


In this article, I argue, first, that a world-system perspective can illuminate the role of prestigious trade goods such as Spondylus in the reproduction of pre-Hispanic Andean societies and the significance of their procurement for the course of Andean prehistory. Second, I argue that the successive dispersals of major Andean languages (Aymara, Quechua, Pukina) reflect the establishment of prestigious lingua francas integrating such systems of long-distance exchange. Political, agricultural, stylistic, and linguistic expansions in prehistory are interpreted as reflections of the integration of regional and interregional systems of exchange and interaction. The theoretical framework of world-system analysis is shown not only to be applicable to the shifting economic and political geography of the pre-Hispanic Andes but also to help account for a range of cultural phenomena that are generally not viewed from this perspective, including familiar details of Inca history such as Cuzco's relations to preexisting languages and ethnic identities. Rather than viewing the emergence of linguistic, stylistic, and other identity-related homogeneities as consequences of political unification, I suggest that ethnolinguistic integration may precede efforts at political control.


Sustaining supply of deficient micronutrients along with primary macronutrients (NPK) in appropriate amount and right proportion is a key to maximize productivity gains from macronutrients. Of the eight micronutrients, maximum attention has been focused on zinc (Zn). Apparent reason for this tilt is the overwhelming dominance of Zn deficiency in Indian soils and crops compared to other nutrients (Takkar et al. 1997 and Rattan et al. 1997). The zinc deficiency is more widespread in the rice (Oryza sativa.)– wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) cropping system belt in northern India. The recommendation for zinc which is generally marketed as zinc sulphate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) vary from 10 to 25 kg/ha/season, depending upon the crop, environment and soil conditions (Prasad 2005). One of the major problems the farmers are facing in this context is the non-availability of good quality zinc sulphate. In such a situation, a good quality zinc-enriched urea (ZEU), manufactured by a fertilizer company will be the ideal one and the Government of India's Fertilizer Control Order has also made the provision for manufacturing and coating of up to 2% zinc-enriched urea. Of late, some zincenriched urea has become available in the Indian market, but no experimental data are available on its evaluation in field crops. Therefore, considering the above facts, a field experiment was conducted to find out the response of scented rice to zinc-enriched urea formulations, and also to determine the optimum concentration of zinc enrichment of urea for enhanced productivity and zinc uptake in scented rice. The field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (77°12' E and 28°40' N; 228.4 m above mean sea level) during rainy (kharif) season of 2006. The soil was sandy clay loam, alkaline in reaction (pH 8.2), having 0.53% organic carbon, 0.05% total N, 14.5 kg/ha available P, 247 kg/ha available K and 0.68 mg/kg DTPA-extractable Zn in 0–15 cm soil depth at the start of the experiment. The critical level of DTPA extractable Zn for rice grown on alluvial soils in the rice– wheat belt of north India varies from 0.38 to 0.90 mg/kg soil (Takkar et al. 1997). Thus the soil had quite low levels of available zinc. There were 12 treatments consisting of eight combinations of two zinc-enrichment materials (ZnSO4 and ZnO) and four levels of Zn-enrichment (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% w/w of prilled urea) plus a no Zn control (only N), absolute control (no zinc, no N), ZnSO4 5 kg Zn/ha (soil application) + prilled urea and 0.2% ZnSO4 foliar spray + prilled urea. Zinc oxide and zinc sulphate monohydrate contained 80% and 33% Zn, respectively. Foliar spray of 0.2% zinc sulphate monohydrate (33% Zn) was done twice at panicle emergence and 10 days after panicle emergence. The treatments (T12) were replicated thrice in a randomized block design. All plots, except absolute control (no Zn, no N), received 120 kg N/ha as prilled urea. The experimental field was disk ploughed twice, puddled thrice with a puddler in standing water and leveled. At final puddling, 26 kg P/ha as single superphosphate and 33 kg K/ha as murite of potash was broadcast. Nitrogen at 120 kg N/ha as prilled urea or Zn-enriched urea was applied in two equal splits, half 10 days after transplanting and the other half at panicle initiation (40 days after transplanting). When applied at the site, Znenriched urea supplied 1.3, 2.6, 3.9 and 5.2 kg. Zn/ha for the 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% coatings, respectively. To make up for the short fall of N in Zn-enriched ureas, calculated amounts of additional N as prilled urea were added in plots receiving Zn-enriched ureas. Two to three 25-day-old seedlings of 'Pusa Sugandh' 5 basmati (scented) rice were transplanted on hills spaced at 20 cm×10 cm in the second week of July 2006. Standing water (5–8 cm) in the plots was maintained until grain-filling stage. Rice was harvested in the third week of October. At harvest, grain and straw yield was recorded for *Short note Based on complete MSc thesis of the first author submitted to IARI, New Delhi during 2007 1MSc student (e mail: firstname.lastname@example.com), 2,3Senior Scientist (e mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) (e mail: ysshivay @hotmail.com), 4Technical Officer (e mail: email@example.com), Division of Agronomy


This paper describes a method for multi-view multimodal biometrics from a single walking image sequence. As multi-modal cues, we adopt not only face and gait but also the actual height of a person, all of which are simultaneously captured by a single camera. As multi-view cues, we use the variation in the observation views included in a single image sequence captured by a camera with a relatively wide field of view. This enables us to improve the authentication of a person based on multiple modalities and views, while retaining the potential for real applications such as surveillance and forensics using only a single image sequence (a single session with a single camera). In the experiments, we constructed a large-scale multi-view multimodal score data set with 1,912 subjects, and evaluated the proposed method using the data set in a statistically reliable way. We achieved 0.37% equal error rates for the false acceptance and rejection rates in the verification scenarios, and 99.15% rank-1 identification rate in the identification scenarios.


This paper presents experimental work on Ultra Wideband indoor positioning in presence of different objects using a compact UWB antenna using time of arrival positioning techniques. Obstacles considered are wooden table, laboratory chair and a solid wooden object. Different objects affect the accuracy in positioning depending upon the shape, size, and material of the objects. Results show that the error is similar in the presence of laboratory chair and wooden object though the material type is different. This is attributed to the fact that the propagation between Base Stations and Mobile Stations are affected due to height of objects and position of the Base Stations which leads to reflections/ multipath. Maximum error of 5 to 6 cm in localisation is achieved in presence of a wooden block which is due to the fact of having height more than the Base Stations and Mobile Station bringing them in non line of sight situation. Minimum error obtained is 1 to 3 cm when no object is present in the area where localisation is taking place.


Objective To investigate the role of immunophenotyping in distinguishing mycosis fun- goides (MF) from lichen planus and psoriasis.Methods The expression of CD1a,CD4,CD8,ICAM-1, LFA-1,HLA-DR,CD30 and CD7 was measured by ABC immunohistochemical technique in specimens ob- tained from lesional skin of 15 cases of MF,17 cases of lichen planus and 17 cases of psoriasis,and in the skin of 6 healthy controls.Results In the lesional epidermis of MF,the density of cells positive for CD1a, CD30 or ICAM-1,was significantly higher (mononuclear cells,P<0.001;dendritic cells,P<0.01) than that in the lesional epidermis of lichen planus,psoriasis and in the skin of healthy controls.The density of cells positive for CD4 or CD8 and of dendritic cells positive for HLA-DR was higher in lesional epidermis of MF than in that of lichen planus.The linear density of CD1a-positive cells (P<0.01),the percentages of cells positive for ICAM-1 (P<0.05) or LFA-1 (P<0.05) were all higher in the lesional dermis of MF than in that of lichen planus.As far as the CD7-positive cell density was concerned,it was higher in the lesional dermis of lichen planus and psoriasis than in that of MF and skin of healthy controls (P<0.01), while no difference was found between the epidermis of MF and that of lichen planus or psoriasis.Conclu- sion There are differences in the expression of CD1a,CD4,CD8,ICAM-1,LFA-1,HLA-DR,CD30 and CD7 in the lesional skin of MF,lichen planus and psoriasis,which may provide a clue to the pathogenesis of these diseases.


Abstract Peer-to-peer exchange is a type of sharing that involves the transfer of valued resources, such as goods and services, among members of a local community and/or between parties who have no...


We are presenting a comprehensive system for fusion of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) data and x-ray angiography, aiming to create a geometrically accurate 3-D or 4-D (3-D plus time) model of the coronary vasculature. For hemodynamic analyses, methods of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are applied to the reconstructed data, resulting in quantitative estimates of the wall shear stress. Visualization is performed using the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). Lumen and adventitia borders are modeled as surfaces using indexed face sets; quantitative results are encoded as color per vertex. The endoscopic mode (virtual angioscopy) allows an interactive fly-through animation with variable speed along with arbitrary positioning within the vessel. Since this functionality exceeds those of the standard VRML animation nodes, an external prototype library containing VRML and JavaScript definitions has been developed that provides a 3-D graphical user interface to navigate within the endoscopic mode. The control panel is available on demand, but does neither obstruct any vessel features when not needed, nor does it limit the viewport for the scene. Preliminary results showed a good feasibility of the overall procedure, and a high reliability of the fusion and CFD methods as well as the visualization with the virtual endoscopy VRML library.


In the osmotic dehydration process of food,on-line estimation of concentrations of two components in ternary solution with NaCl and sucrose was performed based on multi-functional sensing technique.Moving Least Squares were adopted in approximation procedure to estimate the viscosity of such interested ternary solution with the given data set.As a result,in one mode of using total experimental data as calibration data and validation data,the relative deviations of estimated viscosities are less than ±1.24%.In the other mode,by taking total experimental data except the ones for estimation as calibration data,the relative deviations are less than ±3.47%.In the same way,the density of ternary solution can be also estimated with deviations less than ± 0.11% and ± 0.30% respectively in these two models.The satisfactory and accurate results show the extraordinary efficiency of Moving Least Squares behaved in signal approximation for multi-functional sensors.


We present a self-consistent vertical disc model of thin and thick disc in the solar vicinity. The model is optimized to fit the local kinematics of main sequence stars by varying the star formation history and the dynamical heating function. The star formation history and the dynamical heating function are not uniquely determined by the local kinematics alone. For four different pairs of input functions we calculate star count predictions at high galactic latitude as a function of colour. The comparison with North Galactic Pole data of SDSS/SEGUE leads to significant constraints of the local star formation history. In (2) we published a self-consistent vertical disc model of thin and thick disc in the solar cylinder. The thin disc model is based on a series of stellar subpopulations with surface densities and velocity dispersions according to an adopted star formation history (SFR) and a dynamical heating function (AVR). An isothermal thick disc component is included self-consistently. The discs are in dynamical equilibrium including the gravitational forces of the gas component and the dark matter halo. A simple chemical enrichment model is included to reproduce the metallicity distribution of the G-dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. The SFR and AVR are varied in order to fit the local kinematics of main sequence (MS) stars and to match other constraints of the local stellar disc. We selected four models fitting the local kinematics equally well, but the SFR cannot be determined by the local kinematics alone (top panels of Fig. 1).


Results are presented from a series of undrained triaxial compression tests on a dense 1:1 mixture of sand and bentonite. Tests were done with degrees of saturation from 50% to 100%, confining pressures from 0.2MPa to 1.8MPa, and temperatures from 26 degrees C to 100 degrees C. The observed stress-strain behaviour is ductile. Undrained strengths increase with confining pressure and with higher suctions resulting from lower saturations. They decrease with temperature. Normalized stiffnesses E50/Su decrease with pressure and increase slowly with saturation. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 881647.


: This report summarizes some of the outcomes of the ngVLA community study "Centimeter-wavelength Observations of Cosmic Cataclysms". It was quickly decided to focus this study on the potential for the ngVLA to discover counterparts to exotic events of unknown origin, wherein the ngVLA would be able to accurately localize them, and determine various physical characteristics. Here I consider the spe-cific example of the coalescences of binary supermassive black holes to be detected in gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). I also discuss possible interloper sources and how they may be identified. Finally, I provide some general technical considerations for the problem of finding a specific transient / variable radio source in up to few deg 2 regions on the sky.


Architectural distortion is the third most common mammographic appearance of nonpalpable breast cancer, representing nearly 6% of
abnormalities detected on screening mammography. Although its prevalence on mammography is small compared with calcication or visible
mass, architectural distortion is also more difcult to diagnose because it can be subtle and variable in presentation. Early detection of breast cancer
is possible by nding architectural distortion in monographic images. Spiculated masses account for about 14% of biopsied lesions and about 81%
of these are malignant. Current CAD systems are dramatically better at detecting microcalcications than masses. The sensitivity is considerably
lower for Spiculated Masses that are rated as "subtle" by radiologists Moreover, since current systems were devised with masses and calcications
in mind, they don't perform as well on other, less prevalent but still clinically signicant lesion types.
In this paper, we propose a computer aided diagnosis system for distinguishing abnormal mammograms with architectural distortion or spiculated
masses from normal mammograms. Five types of texture features GLCM, GLRLM, fractal texture, spectral texture and HOG features for the
regions of suspicion are extracted. Support vector machine has been used as classier in this work. The proposed system yielded an overall
accuracy of 97.29% for mammogram images collected from mini-MIAS database which is better as compared to existing methods.


The focus of the article is on two large-scale transformation processes that are currently taking place in the Western scientific and socio-cultural spaces. On the one hand, it is the emergence on the cultural horizon of a new macrocultural era, called Metamodern, on the other hand — the transformation in the paradigm field of Western science and the emergence of a paradigm of complexity (complexity theory). The statement is argued, that they are the different manifestations of the general large-scale socio-cultural and scientific tectonics and can serve as contours for mutual legitimacy and justification. The metamodern project captures the emergence of a new worldview in Western culture, which is characterized by a new sincerity, openness, holism in contrast to postmodern alienation, irony and sсepticism. In terms of experiencing the I-World relationship, the logic of cultural progress from Tradition to Metamodern can be described as a movement from complete immersion of the Self in the World (Tradition), through confrontation and struggle between the Self and the World (Modern), chaos of the I (multiple identity) and the World (current modernity) in the postmodern era, to a new dialectical combination of the I and the World in the Metamodern era. Complexity Theory in its sociological theoretical proposals can offer a parallel view on the process of changing cultural epochs, but through the prism of transforming the dominant mechanism of change and maintenance of social order, emphasizing the existence of two such mechanisms — organizational one and self-organizational one. The logic of changes in this dominance leads us from Tradition (self-organization), through Modern (organization), and Postmodern (chaos, no domination, the mutual distancing) to Metamodern — dialectics, tense unity of organization and self-organization. In socio-cultural terms, it looks like a dialectic of modernity (rationality, purposefulness, result, organization) and tradition (myth, game, process, self-organization), and at the level of basic experience of the world as a dialectic of acute experience of one's self combined with the experience of its unity with the world. It is at this point that the metamodern project and the paradigm of complexity in its sociological interpretation do meet. Here, they can give each other legitimizing support.


An iterative subtraction method that improves a recently developed mapping algorithm is presented. This approach allows high-resolution image calculation from acquired sensor data of a very flat optical detector assembly based on a microlens array.


Experiments have been perfonned on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of mild steel rebars buried in concrete admired with different inhibitors and sodium chloride salt, and exposed to dilute sulphuric acid environment. This paper reports the observed electrochemical corrosion response from the ele.ctrode potenMl monitoring of the reinforcing mild steel rebars during the experiments. The effect of admired inhibitors on the compressive strengths of the used reinforced concretes are also reported. The ad.tkd inhibitors provided varied degrees of protection to the embedded steel rebars. Concretes admixed with the mixture of potassium dichrolTUlte and fonnaldehyde, recorded some loss of compressive strengths; while the addition of fonnaldeh_vde and sodium nitrite had no effect. Potassium dichromate decreased the compressive strength of the reinforced concretes.


This study aims to find out whether or not there is a significant influence of readiness and learning styles on students' learning activeness in Islamic education learning at state elementary schools in the district of Bangkinang Kota. This is a correlational study employing a quantitative approach. The study population amounted to 1529 students, and the samples were 317 students. The sampling deployed the Slovin formula with an error degree of 5%. The sampling technique used proportionate stratified random sampling. Data collection techniques used questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used multiple regression. The instruments used in this study had met the criteria of validity and reliability (r1 = 0.214 and r2 = 0.254). The results showed that there was a significant influence of learning readiness on students' learning activeness; there was a significant influence of learning styles on students' learning activeness; and there was a significant influence of learning readiness and learning styles on students' learning activeness.


The invention discloses a Zigbee based wind energy/solar energy switching streetlamp and a control method. The streetlamp comprises a Zigbee control unit, wherein the Zigbee control unit is connected with a streetlamp body, wind energy equipment, a solar cell panel, a battery, a mains supply input port and an antenna; and the Zigbee control unit is used for performing judgment on various collected input electric energies and making selection on power supply modes, and transmitting the various collected electric energy states and a currently-adopted power supply mode to a remote control center. The streetlamp provided by the invention is the application of the zigbee technology in data acquisition and intelligent control; due to development of intelligent control and requirements on low power consumption and environment protection, intelligent upgrading and improvement on the power supply and control for streetlamps are required; and meanwhile, electric quantities of wind energy/solar energy/battery power/local power supply of the streetlamps are collected and controlled in a remote manner, and then remote monitoring and maintaining is carried out for the electric quantities of the streetlamps through internet, so that complementary streetlamp monitoring integrating wind energy, solar energy, mains supply and local power supply is realized.


BACKGROUND
α-Synuclein (αS) is the precursor protein present in Lewy Bodies that helps in the formation of highly ordered amyloid fibrils that is associated with the occurrence of Parkinson's disease, a neuro-degenerative disorder. Many reports have now been focused on finding the probable targets to weaken this debilitating disease. Recently γ-synuclein (γS), a presynaptic protein, was highlighted to inhibit the aggregation propensity of αS both in vivo and in vitro. However the nature, location and specificity of molecular interactions existing between the αS and γS is not known in spite of the potential importance of γS as an inhibitor of αS.

OBJECTIVE
To understand the inhibition of αS aggregation by γS at the molecular level.

METHODS
Umbrella sampling method was used along with molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the conformational dynamics, degree of association and molecular interaction between the monomeric units in the αS/γS hetero-dimer.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The dissociation energy barrier for αS/γS hetero-dimer was found to be higher than αS/αS homo-dimer. αS can therefore readily form a hetero-dimer by combining with γS than forming a homo-dimer. We also observed strong transient interactions involving hydrogen bonds, salt-bridges and non-bonded contacts between the monomeric units in αS/γS hetero-dimer.

CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that γS may inhibit the aggregation propensity of αS.


There are many types of orthodontic movements that make the clinical routine a real challenge. With the arrival of the skeletal anchorage, it became easier to solve many problems, such as anchorage, tipping, intrusion among others. The purpose of this article was to review absolute anchorage, including indications, implantation site, and any type of orthodontic feature.


This report presents the results of a quantitative investigation on incidence and distribution of senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in ten cases of late‐onset diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD). The methenamine‐silver method was used. SP were distributed throughout the cerebral cortices of all cases. The SP stages in seven of them were compatible with those of Alzheimer‐type dementia (ATD). NFTs occurred most frequently in the transentorhinal and entorhinal pre α regions and the hippocampal CA‐1 area. The occurrence of NFTs was generally restricted to the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex. NFTs were rarely encountered in the neocortex. The NFT stages of all ten cases were compatible with those borderline between ATD and physiological aging. When both, the SP and NFT stages are considered concurrently, the majority of our late‐onset DLBD cases had levels that corresponded to those in the very mild of ATD or the borderline between ATD and physiological aging. The occurrence of certain DLBD cases with senile changes that are insufficient for a diagnosis of ATD indicates that DLBD should not be regarded as representing part of an ATD spectrum.


Seacoast Science develops chemical sensors that use polymer-coated micromachined capacitors to measure the dielectric permittivity of an array of selectively absorbing materials. We present recent results demonstrating the sensor technology's capability to detect components in explosives and toxic industrial chemicals. These target chemicals are detected with functionalized polymers or network materials, chosen for their ability to adsorb chemicals. When exposed to vapors or gases, the permittivity of these sorbent materials changes depending on the strength of the vapor-sorbent interaction. Sensor arrays made of ten microcapacitors on a single chip have been previously shown to detect vapors of organic compounds (chemical warfare agents, industrial solvents, fuels) and inorganic gases (SO2, CO2, NO2). Two silicon microcapacitor structures were used, one with parallel electrode plates and the other with interdigitated "finger-like" electrodes. The parallel-plates were approximately 300 μm wide and separated by 750 nm. The interdigitated electrodes were approximately 400 μm long and were elevated above the substrate to provide faster vapor access. Eight to sixteen of these capacitors are fabricated on chips that are 5 x 2 mm and are packaged in less than 50 cm3 with supporting electronics and batteries, all weighing less than 500 grams. The capacitors can be individually coated with different materials creating a small electronic nose that produces different selectivity patterns in response to different chemicals. The resulting system's compact size, low-power consumption and low manufacturing costs make the technology ideal for integration into various systems for numerous applications.


We show that two polynomials, joined by a continuous family of polynomial functions fs : C n → C of constant degree and with isolated singularities, are topologically equivalent if n 6= 3 and if two numerical invariants are constant in the family: the number of vanishing cycles and the number of atypical values.


The dissociation of natural gas hydrate in the process of exploitation will weaken the mechanical properties of the surrounding soil, which will lead to the deformation and destruction of the seabed sediment, thus posing a potential threat to the safety of the undersea engineering infrastructures. In this paper, the finite difference method is used to simulate the vertical deformation of seabed sediments, and examine the effect of thickness ratio of the overlying layer to the HBS upon soil settlement via an established three-dimensional model of submarine hydrate mining. The main research results are as follows: The maximum settlement occurred at the top surface of HBS dissociation centre and the settlement decreased significantly from the mining well to the surrounding and from HBS to the overlying layer. The range of settlement trough on the top of HBS is far less than the overlaying layers. The thickness ratio of the overlying layer to the HBS will have a great influence on the distribution of sedimentation and deformation of seafloor sediments caused by hydrate dissociation. The deformation and the range of the settlement trough both decrease with the increasing thickness ratio of overlying layer to HBS. The research results will provide a strong theoretical reference for the stability of seabed and mining platform during hydrate mining.


In the framework of building the Electronic Catalogue of Weevil Names (http://wtaxa.csic.es) and the validation of names being included in it, the project team has spotted many nomenclatural problems at all levels. One of these is addressed here. In 1968, the Russian specialist Gali O. Krivolutskaya described a bark beetle (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) species under the correct name Hypothenemus insularum from the Kuril Islands of the Russian Far East. The American specialist Stephen L. Wood replaced this name in 1992. His reasons, verbatim, are as follows: "Hypothenemus insularum Krivolutskaya, cited above, was given a neuter specific name in a masculine genus. When the gender is corrected, as required under the Code, this name becomes a junior homonym of Hypothenemus insularis Perkins, 1900, and must be replaced. The new name krivolutskayae is proposed as a replacement name, as indicated above." Wood's argument is absolutely incorrect. The specific epithet insularum is the plural genitive of the first Latin declension substantive insula, meaning thus "of the islands" (reference to the Kuriles). As a genitive it makes no agreement in gender with its genus. Perkins's specific epithet is the masculine singular nominative of the 2 Latin declension adjective insularis, whose feminine form is identical to the masculine, and whose neuter form is insulare (and never insularum, this –um ending being the neuter characteristic of the 1 Latin adjective declension in nominative case). This adjective, which must keep gender agreement, has a similar meaning to the abovementioned genitive, albeit they cannot and should not be confused. Since there is no reason to keep Wood's replacement name in use, I consider it an "unnecessary replacement name" and reinstate as valid name Hypothenemus insularum Krivolutskaya, 1968, stat. res.


After a long period of scramble over analysis and investigations, the notion of graceful labeling came into existence. A mapping f for a graph G = (R,S) is said to be graceful if there exists a bijective mapping f : R (G)→ N ∪ {0} such that each edge has an induced label ω (f, R (G)) = {|f (u)− f (v)| : u, v R (G)} and the resulting edge labels are distinct. In this paper, we introduce a new type of graph labeling for a graph G = (R, S ) which we call G-graceful labeling. The G-graceful labeling for the graph G = (R, S) with r vertices and sedges is an injective function ρ : R(G) → {0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , t − 1}such that the induced function ρ∗ : S(G) → N is given byρ∗(r, s) = {ρ∗(r) + ρ∗(s)},the resulting edge label are distinct. In this paper, we also prove that the graphs: path, ladder graph, flower graph, complete bipartite graph and star graph admit G-graceful labeling.


Triphenylantimony dicarboxylates (Ph3Sb(O2CR)2, where R=Me, CF3, Ph and CH2NH-Z) readily reacted with amines (R′NH2, where R′=n-C6H13, s-Bu, C6H11, and Ph) to afford corresponding amides and triphenylstibine oxide in fairly good yields. The amidation of RCO2H with R′NH2 was also catalyzed by the orgnoantimony compounds.


Recently, the LHAASO collaboration has observed the gamma rays of energies up to ten TeV from the gamma-ray burst GRB221009A, which has stimulated the community of astronomy, particle physics and astrophysics to propose various possible interpretations. In this paper, we put forward a viable scenario that neutrinos are produced together with TeV photons in the gamma-ray burst and gradually decay into the axion-like particles, which are then converted into gamma rays in the galactic magnetic fields. In such a scenario, the tension between previous axion-like particle interpretations and the existing observational constraints on the relevant coupling constant and mass can be relaxed.


Supervisory Committee Dr. John Archibald (Department of Linguistics) Co-Supervisor Dr. Hua Lin (Department of Linguistics) Co-Supervisor Dr. Li-Shih Huang (Department of Linguistics) Departmental Member This thesis focuses on the production and perception of ten English vowels (/i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ, ʌ, ɑ, o, ʊ, u/) by native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) living in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The participants consisted of 14 native speakers of BP (divided into intermediate and advanced second language (L2) English proficiency groups), plus six native speakers of Canadian English (CE) as control participants. Four experiments were carried out: two pertaining to production and two pertaining to perception. The production tasks consisted of CE and BP wordlist reading tasks in order to measure the duration and first two formants of the participants' vowels, while the perception tasks consisted of an identification task and an oddity-discrimination task. With regards to production, this thesis investigates how the participants' productions of the L2 vowels differ between the experimental and control groups with respect to their formant frequencies and the Euclidean distances (EDs) between various English vowel pairs. Similarly, the participants' perceptual abilities, as measured by their performance on the perception tests, are examined. Finally, the connection between perception and production is investigated. The findings indicate (a) a positive effect of proficiency, as the advanced participants showed a greater ability to both produce and perceive the L2 vowels, but that (b) participants of both proficiency levels have difficulty in contrasting certain English vowel pairs in a native-like fashion. Furthermore, the findings provide evidence of a connection between perception and production, and show that perception outperforms production, as predicted by the Speech Learning Model (Flege, 1995, 2005). Finally, the findings indicate a possible positive effect of environment (i.e., an Englishspeaking country) when compared to previous studies (Bion et al., 2006, Rauber, 2006). Pedagogical implications of these findings are also discussed.


Data is the key to success for any Data-Driven Organization, and managing it is considered the most challenging task. Data Architecture (DA) focuses on describing, collecting, storing, processing, and analyzing the data to meet business needs. In this tool demo paper, we present the DAT, a model-driven engineering tool enabling data architects, data engineers, and other stakeholders to describe how data flows through the system and provides a blueprint for managing data that saves time and effort dedicated to Data Architectures for IoT applications. We evaluated this work by modeling five case studies, receiving expressiveness and ease of use feedback from two companies, more than six researchers, and eighteen undergraduate students from the software architecture course


A growing interest for pervasive applications and the concern that users should not be disturbed by such services while they are on their regular duty have introduced several new challenges. The behavior of these applications should depend not only on their internal state and user interactions but also on contexts sensed during their execution. In this work, we propose a collaborative context-aware service platform (CoCA). The platform is data independent and can be used for context-aware application development in pervasive computing. It performs reasoning and decisions based on context data and domain based policies and semantics. Such data is organized into generic context management model (GCoM). The platform also introduces a neighborhood collaboration mechanism to facilitate peer collaboration between the pervasive devices in order to share their resources. We have developed an initial prototype of the platform. Our preliminary test on the prototype shows that the platform is a promising data independent development environment for pervasive context-aware applications


Purpose: The benefits of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in patients with large vessel occlusion involving the internal carotid artery or the middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 segment have been proven in several recent randomized trials. However, the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with distal occlusion of the MCA M2 segment was controversial in these trials. Our study aimed to prove the efficacy and safety of aspiration thrombectomy performed in patients with M2 occlusion using the Penumbra 4MAX aspiration catheter. Materials and Methods: Our study included 20 participants with acute M2 occlusions who underwent endovascular thrombectomy from January 2014 to February 2018 using Penumbra 4MAX by a direct first aspiration technique (ADAPT). We retrospectively examined the initial National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores, diffusion-weighted imaging-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography scores (DWI-ASPECTs), successful recanalization rates [Thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scale (TICI) 2b/3], favorable clinical outcomes [Modified Rankin scale score (mRS) 0-2 at discharge], and intracranial hemorrhage after the procedure. Results: Twenty patients (13 males) underwent endovascular thrombectomy; their mean age was 71.1±13.1 years (range 39-96 years), mean initial NIHSS score was 18.0±7.3 (range 7-27), and mean DWI-ASPECTs was 7.8±1.5 (range 6-11). Sixteen patients received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) before endovascular therapy. The successful recanalization rate (TICI 2b/3) was 80% (16/20), and favorable clinical outcomes (mRS 0-2 at discharge) were observed in 70% (14/20). Asymptomatic hemorrhagic infarction was diagnosed in 10% (2/20), symptomatic hemorrhagic infarction in 5% (1/20), asymptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in 5% (1/20), and symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in 0% of the patients. Conclusion: Aspiration thrombectomy using the Penumbra 4MAX catheter might be a safe method, capable of achieving a high rate of successful recanalization and favorable clinical outcomes in patients with M2 occlusions.


Introduction: Patient compliance to best practice guidelines is a significant factor in preventing renal stone recurrence. While patient compliance has been historically poor, there remains a paucity of data in the renal stone setting. We evaluated compliance of the recurrent renal stone former with current Canadian Urological Association (CUA) best practice guidelines. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate patient compliance. Recurrent renal stone former patients were consecutively recruited from McMaster's Institute of Urology and completed a one-time questionnaire developed in accordance with CUA best practice guidelines. Questionnaire sections included: 1) demographics; 2) interaction(s) and satisfaction with their healthcare provider; and 3) knowledge, attitudes, and compliance with best practices. Results: A total of 300 patients were enrolled in the study; 55.3% were men, 69.5% had a history of stone surgery, while 23.7% had a positive family history. Participants perceived satisfactory education from their urologist and primary care physician 82.7% and 59.7% of the time, respectively (p<0.05). Nearly a quarter of patients (22.8%) perceived their stone disease to be severe and 67.1% of patients believed in the efficacy of preventative stone measures. Overall, 45.8% of patients were compliant with CUA best practice guidelines. The majority of patients (72.6%) complied with high fluid intake, the most critical stone preventative practice. Conclusions: Consistent with previous studies, compliance to dietary recommendations in this evaluation of recurrent stone formers was low. Study findings may be attributed to insufficient knowledge translation, lack of perceived disease severity, and/or patient uncertainty in the importance of preventative stone practices. CUAJ – Original Research Bos et al Patient compliance with stone practices Introduction The increasing prevalence of nephrolithiasis is well recognized worldwide. Renal stone recurrence occurs in up to 50% of patients within the first five years following initial stone development. Moreover, relapses occur more frequently and the time interval between each recurrence is shortened. Fortunately, stone clinics have shown that patients can reduce their five-year recurrence rate by as much as 60% with changes in lifestyle and dietary habits alone. Similar to many chronic medical conditions, these preventative practices are dependent on patient self-awareness, motivation, and ultimately, compliance. The recurrent nature of the disease often results in significant patient morbidity and burdensome healthcare expenditures. In the United States alone, the total cost associated with nephrolithiasis has been estimated to be as high as $5.3 billion. This estimation not only includes the treatment of acute consequences of nephrolithiasis, such as pain, surgery, and hospitalization, but also the indirect costs such as loss of employment. Economic considerations related to stone disease are known to have a considerable impact on overall healthcare expenses. Patient compliance has often been a challenge in the prevention and treatment of any chronic disease. It is estimated that as many as 75% of patients consistently fail to follow their clinicians' recommendations when it pertains to preventative health practices. Compliance rates across disease processes vary considerably, and have even shown to be poor for treatments that are deemed highly effective. Currently, there is a paucity of literature defining patient compliance to conservative treatment measures within the recurrent renal stone former population. Our study aimed to address this knowledge gap in the urological literature. The study objective was to evaluate the recurrent stone formers' compliance with current Canadian Urological Association (CUA) best practice guidelines, while gaining insight into patients' understanding of preventative practices and the education they receive from healthcare providers. Methods In a single-group, prospective cross-sectional survey study, renal stone patients seen at the McMaster Institute of Urology located in Hamilton, ON, Canada, were enrolled from August 2015 to September 2016. Potential participants were identified and recruited during their scheduled clinic visit. Eligible participants were known renal stone formers (defined by two or more documented stone occurrences during his/her lifetime) and at least 18 years of age. A research assistant obtained informed consent from all eligible participants and distributed the questionnaire in the clinic waiting room. To limit bias, all surveys were completed prior to the patient-urologist interaction, and all participants were instructed that involvement in the study would not influence their care. Basic survey methodology was used in questionnaire development (e.g., anchored Likert CUAJ – Original Research Bos et al Patient compliance with stone practices scales, multiple-choice, dichotomous, and short answer questions). The 21 survey questions were designed based on the current CUA best practice guidelines on stone preventative measures (see Appendix). The questionnaire consisted of three domains. The first included demographics, comorbidities, and previous stone management. The second domain covered previous clinician encounters due to kidney stones and patient satisfaction, while the third consisted of questions directed at patient knowledge, attitudes, and guideline compliance. Research ethics board approval was obtained prior to commencing the study. The primary outcome measure was compliance of the recurrent renal stone former to the CUA best practice guidelines. Secondary outcome measures included the evaluation of participant characteristics that may influence compliance, including knowledge, education, frequency, and subjective quality of preventative education, perceived severity of their disease, prior stone interventions, and, if applicable, attitudes regarding efficacy of stone-related conservative treatments. All participants were assigned an identification number to ensure anonymity, and consent forms were stored separately from the surveys. All quantitative data was analyzed via descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Correlations were explored for variables within and between survey domains using the Chi-square test for categorical data and t-tests for ordinal data. All tests were two-sided, with a p-value of <0.05 defining statistical significance.


There is growing interest in ensuring that large language models (LLMs) align with human values. However, the alignment of such models is vulnerable to adversarial jailbreaks, which coax LLMs into overriding their safety guardrails. The identification of these vulnerabilities is therefore instrumental in understanding inherent weaknesses and preventing future misuse. To this end, we propose Prompt Automatic Iterative Refinement (PAIR), an algorithm that generates semantic jailbreaks with only black-box access to an LLM. PAIR -- which is inspired by social engineering attacks -- uses an attacker LLM to automatically generate jailbreaks for a separate targeted LLM without human intervention. In this way, the attacker LLM iteratively queries the target LLM to update and refine a candidate jailbreak. Empirically, PAIR often requires fewer than twenty queries to produce a jailbreak, which is orders of magnitude more efficient than existing algorithms. PAIR also achieves competitive jailbreaking success rates and transferability on open and closed-source LLMs, including GPT-3.5/4, Vicuna, and PaLM-2.


Combining history and an analysis of policy today, this book exposes the contradictions in America's disability policy and suggests means of remedying them. Based on careful archival research and interviews with policymakers, the book illustrates the dilemmas that public policies pose for the handicapped: the present system forces too many people with physical impairments into retirement, despite the availability of constructive alternatives.


Humans? conception of God has been problematic in different periods of time such that they sometimes considered parts of created world as divine and worshipped them, sometimes totally denied the idea of divinity and some other time when they accepted His divinity they brought other deities with him, i.e. paganism. Nowadays, modern science, unfortunately, works as a means of blockade against God by wrapping up all earthly and heavenly signs. It is not the sign of God (voice of wind, or song of a bird) that we hear but the voice of roaring engine or any other mechanical vehicle, all of which disguise the God as an object of internal experience.


Floral composition and structural patterns displayed by the aquatic and riparian vegetation in Mediterranean-type streams show distinctive features when compared to mesic fluvial systems. In this paper we sum up two decades of studies on the ecology of riparian and aquatic vegetation in western Iberia (Portugal). We present results concerning the structural patterns of the riparian woody vegetation, its variation in space and time, and its role in fluvial processes. We give an overall description and ecological appraisal of the riparian and aquatic flora and its complex relationships with abiotic drivers from both the river corridor and the drainage basin. We also describe our observations of floral disturbances derived both from natural and human causes. We have taken various approaches to assessing ecological quality using river plants, and these are also reviewed. The overall results obtained in these last twenty years are discussed as a contribution to future research needs.


There is a relatively high incidence of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain and dysfunction among patients undergoing evaluation for low back pain. Low back pain is a leading cause of disability globally. SIJ dysfunction can affect people of varying age ranges, with a higher distribution in several clusters, including pregnant women and adults who have undergone lumbar or lumbosacral fusion surgery. SIJ pain or dysfunction is estimated to account for 15% to 30% of all cases of axial low back pain and is an often underrecognized and undertreated cause of chronic low back pain. This chapter will provide information on the physiologic, psychologic, and physical effects of SIJ pain and how those factors impact the personal, societal, and global burden of disability from SIJ pain. Tools for the evaluation of disability are briefly discussed.


People are willing to purchase and consume cultural artefacts as well as commodities. In accordance with economic principles, consumers purchase the cultural items not only for the value of item, but also for the implied meaning of items although it is invisible. Cultural artefacts are diverse, however they stimulate the imagination of consumers. People purchase the cultural items for the satisfaction of collecting artefacts that demonstrate the authenticity of cultures. According to the fabulous essay of James Clifford,1) culture, or cultural art, is described as something that can be possessed and collected by individuals, thus the centres surrounding culture can presumably be the public and transcendental traditions, which correspond with valuable commodities. Whilst analysing the system using both structural and historical techniques, Clifford refers to the formation of Western subjectivity as the essential debate. Either religious or functional objects from secluded cultures have been reconstructed as owned and contemplated art or even exotic home cultures. Therefore, the system that moves cultural art to the realms of extraordinary art enables many diverse groups to use their own cultures and artistic items as consumable and tradable commodities to their financial benefit.2) Presumably, cultures are ethnographic collections.3) In addition to that vague meaning of culture, Edward Tylor describes cultures as the complex whole, consisting not only of morphological distinctions, but also the epistemological components that can transcend the boundaries of origin. Moreover, because


National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters will have several new hail diagnostic attributes available to them in Advanced Weather Information Processing System (AWIPS; Wakefield 1998), beginning with the Operational Build version 6 (OB6). In a warning decision environment, it is essential that forecasters have the best guidance available to them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare these new hail diagnostic radar parameters with legacy radar parameters to determine which are the "best predictors" for hail warning guidance. This study is the first step in developing official NWS Hail Warning Guidance training information for warning forecasters. A total of 11 hail producing storm events were analyzed. The events chosen had geographic diversity across the United States and included both the warm and cool seasons. For each individual hail report, the values of 17 different hail diagnostic parameters were recorded. Each attribute was compared to ground truth reports and then statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis included the calculation of various correlation coefficients, as well as analyses of probability of detection (POD), false alarm rate (FAR), critical success index (CSI), and the Heidke skill score (HSS) for varying forecast decision thresholds, as well as different severe hail criteria (i.e., not just 2 cm diameter). Results indicated that the new high-resolution hail diagnostic radar parameters outperformed the legacy hail diagnostic parameters. Suggestions for future work to complete the development of NWS Hail Warning Guidance are offered.


Resistance to the last-line polymyxins is increasingly reported in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, including Acinetobacter baumannii which develops resistance via either lipid A modification or even lipopolysaccharides (LPS) loss in the outer membrane (OM). Considering these two different mechanisms, quantitative membrane lipidomics data were utilized to develop three OM models representing polymyxin-susceptible and -resistant A. baumannii strains. Through all-atom molecular simulations with enhanced sampling techniques, the effect of lipid A-pEtN modification and LPS loss on the action of colistin (i.e. polymyxin E) was examined for the first time, with a focus on the dynamics and energetics of colistin penetration into these OMs. Lipid A-pEtN modification improved the OM stability, impeding the penetration of colistin into the OM; this differed from the current literature that lipid A-pEtN modification confers resistance by diminishing the initial interaction with polymyxins. In contrast, LPS deficiency significantly reduced the negative charges on the OM surface, diminishing the binding of colistin. Moreover, both lipid A-pEtN modification and LPS loss also constituted colistin resistance through disturbing the conformational transitions of the colistin molecule. Collectively, atomic-scale interactions between polymyxins and different bacterial OMs are very different and the findings may facilitate the discovery of new-generation polymyxins against the Gram-negative 'superbugs'.


Neocoleoid cephalopods are poorly represented in the fossil record and fossils which can be confidently aligned with extant species are very scarce. The rare Solnhofen genus Palaeololigo is an exception to this, showing marked resemblance to Recent squids. Naef misinterpreted the structure of the fossilized gladius of Palaeololigo and the present study redescribes the genus. The gladius and fossilized fin impressions of Palaeololigo closely resemble that of the extant decapodiform squid genera Bathyteuthis and Chtenopteryx (Superfamily Bathyteuthoidea). The possible relationship between Palaeololigo and the bathyteuthoids and their position in decapodiform phylogenetics is discussed.


This paper proposes a four-component framework for connected vehicles in general scenarios, which consists of the following: 1) an information flow topology; 2) cooperative controllers; 3) node dynamics; and 4) formation geometry, extending original concepts from vehicular platoon control. In this framework, we present a real-time planning and distributed cooperative control method, which is scenario-agnostic and scalable to larger groups of vehicles. Specifically, we first develop a real-time receding-horizon planning approach that improves plan consistency by reasoning about and reusing the previous trajectory. Our distributed model predictive controllers track the resulting reference trajectories and avoid collisions by allowing neighboring vehicles to exchange their intentions. In contrast to many existing methods, our approach to decentralized cooperation does not need to assume fixed paths for vehicles or assign any priority among them. We present simulation results that apply to up to eight heterogeneous vehicles, showing how our framework allows agents to establish efficient interactions to simultaneously traverse an unsignalized intersection smoothly and safely. Video results are also available at https://youtu.be/Q3KjKuIquAo and https://youtu.be/x1zS4ynaW-s.


Mainstream forces are driving Systems and Software Product Line (SPL) Engineering approaches to take a more holistic perspective that is deeply integrated into the systems and software engineering lifecycle. These forces illustrate that SPL challenges will not be solved at any one stage in the product engineering lifecycle, nor will they be solved in independent and disparate silos in each of the different stages of the lifecycle. This paper describes BigLever Software's response to these forces – an SPL Lifecycle Framework. The motivation for this technology framework is to ease the integration of tools, assets and processes across the full systems and software development lifecycle. The goal is to provide product line engineers with a common set of SPL concepts and constructs for all of their tools and assets, at every stage of the lifecycle, and to assure that product line development traceability and processes flow cleanly from one stage of the lifecycle to another.


The equation d2u/dt2+w2(t)u=0 can be transformed to a system of two first-order differential equations dy/dt=My by different ways of parametrisation. The method of decoupled exponents of Wei and Norman (1964) yields a Riccati differential equation for the unknown exponents and an easily interpretable solution y. A solution with vanishing exponents in the parametrisation of Mulholland (1973) corresponds exactly to the WKB method. Therefore an approximate solution of the Riccati differential equation gives an improvement on the WKB.


Fish bone is one of the most commonly swallowed foreign bodies. However, a fish bone is a relative uncommon material for impaction in the laryngotracheal airway in a healthy adult due to the protective mechanism of the airways comprising the epiglottis and arytenoids and the cough reflex. The symptoms of pharyngo-esophageal foreign bodies include dysphagia, foreign body sensation, and neck pain. In contrast, laryngotracheal foreign bodies present with airway related symptoms such as cough, wheeze, stridor, aphonia, or respiratory distress. These symptoms, although helpful in diagnosing a foreign body, are alarming to the doctor. Laryngeal foreign body impaction can be life threatening. However, with some non-obstructive laryngeal foreign bodies, symptoms can be indolent. Nevertheless, such indolent foreign bodies finally cause erosion or obstruction, which can lead to pneumonia, atelectasis, or abscess. Thus, suspicion of a foreign body should be followed by prompt removal of the same in the initial evaluation itself for preventing complications. However, if the patient presents with only non-respiratory symptoms, a laryngeal foreign body can be overlooked and misdiagnosed, which may finally result in a catastrophic event. In this case report, we present an unusual case of laryngeal foreign body. A patient with anterior neck pain and throat discomfort without respiratory symptoms was misdiagnosed to have a pharyngeal foreign body. However, it was eventually diagnosed as a subglottic fish bone impaction. A Missed and Delayed Detected Fish Bone Impaction in Subglottis


Successful large-scale international survey projects often put lots of effort into the questionnaire design and development process. The QDDT has been developed to assist the questionnaire development process by allowing questionnaire design teams to reuse metadata elements at different levels, to maintain them, to publish them and to track the development of metadata elements over time. The tool is developed and tested as part of the EU funded DASISH and SERISS projects. The first version of this DDI based tool has just been released, and will be used in the questionnaire design process of the European Social Survey in round 10. This presentation focuses on how the workflow of questionnaire designers is supported by the DDI based design of the tool.


We review the evidence that the lifetimes of circumstellar disks, and the solar nebula in particular, are of the order 107 years. Mechanisms of evolution and removal are examined and compared with observational evidence. The expected consequences for solar system material of different removal mechanisms are discussed, and promising avenues for future research are identified.


Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Genes maintains high quality standards for its published papers.[...].


The difficulties to catch any intended information conveyed by speakers on the audio recording by the students still become problematic during learning listening comprehension in the classroom. This study aimed to find out the effect of applying YouTube videos on the students' listening comprehension performance. This study was experimental research (quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group design). The researchers used all the first-semester students of English language education as a sample through the total sampling technique. To get the data, the researchers used a listening test as the instrument. There were two groups that were tested in the study; experimental and control groups. The experimental group was treated by applying YouTube videos while the control group was treated by Audio recording. Based on the result of the study, it was found that the t-test was 1.834 and the t-table was 0.073 (t-test was higher than t-table). In the other words, the alternative hypothesis was accepted and the null hypothesis was rejected. The result of the study also showed that the students felt more interested and motivated to learn listening comprehension by using YouTube videos as the learning media during the learning process takes place in the classroom. Thus, it could be concluded that the application of YouTube videos has given a positive and significant effect on students' listening comprehension performance.


The paper considers results of laboratory experiments on the effect of an acid composition consisting of hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids on core samples taken from clastic reservoirs in Perm Region. The research included determination of porosity and permeability properties of the samples before and after treatment with the composition, taking anisotropy of rock properties into account. The paper presents the research program and the experimental results obtained that showed a significant change in permeability after filtration of the acid composition and the influence of anisotropy on this parameter. The specific feature of the research carried out is the study of the combined effect of the acid reagent and varying effective stresses on permeability of core samples.


Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have attracted much attention due to their unique optical properties, including high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission and tunable wavelength. This perspective focuses on the recent progress...


Abstract : The Battle of Laurel Hill is one of several battles that took place in and around Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia, between Grant's Army of the Potomac and Lee's Army of Northern Virginia during the period 7-20 May 1864. The study is based on historical accounts, and data extracted from Official Records and Regimental Histories of units involved. In addition to providing strategic, operational and tactical overviews of the Spotsylvania Campaign, this study focuses on the movements and confrontations between the Union Fifth Corps and the Confederate First Corps at Laurel Hill, and vividly contrasts the generalship styles and tactics employed by the various commanders. (Author)


Wireless energy management and analysis is an embedded system implemented for smart metering. In Country like India energy management is done mostly with door-to-door billing system or User have to pay online at only Gram-Panchayat or municipality where authorized person will do payment procedure for User and take the amount. Here pre-Paid scheme is implemented for the user-end. User will get the electricity equivalent to balance in his account. All the activity done by the server implemented over here and some illegal activity at the user-end like stealing of electricity, meter-box's lock broken can be determined etc. Online recharge also can be done as per your need. For security purpose 3AES encryption algorithm is implemented on TCP/IP as well as Xbee communication. 3AES is mixture of AES and 3DES algorithm used in networking for encryption of data.


Abstract: This paper presents an information systems architecture (ISA) model that comprises the integration of information systems, technology, business processes and users in public sector environment. The ISA model presented considers specific aspects of the public sector as well characteristics of information systems development and use in this sector found in the literature and in the studies realised in informatic services brazilian State public enterprises.The model proposed was structured with five components: (a) Government structure (mission and organisational culture, Planning and government platform); (b) Public services (considered the " business" of public structure, with the information for citizens, for top level and government administrative technical); (c) Information systems (by including the legacy systems and executives systems information); (d) Information technology (centred in investment policies and the government computational platforms – as micro-computer and mainframe relationship) and (e) Users (centred in the necessities for public – training, adaptation and use of the SI). The model proposed was submitted to validation from informatic services Brazilian State public enterprises. The results point out the relevance of the integrated vision of their components and they permit to establish strategies for implantation of ISA model, in order to observing public sector specificity.


We elaborate a solution for the problem of stable propagation of transversely localized vortex beams in homogeneous optical media with self-focusing Kerr nonlinearity. Stationary nonlinear Bessel-vortex states are stabilized against azimuthal breakup and collapse by multiphoton absorption, while the respective power loss is offset by the radial influx of the power from an intrinsic reservoir. A linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations reveal a region of stability of these vortices. Beams with multiple vorticities have their stability regions too. These beams can then form robust tubular filaments in transparent dielectrics as common as air, water, and optical glasses at sufficiently high intensities. We also show that the tubular, rotating, and specklelike filamentation regimes, previously observed in experiments with axicon-generated Bessel beams, can be explained as manifestations of the stability or instability of a specific nonlinear Bessel-vortex state, which is fully identified.


As a safety microorganism, Lactococcus lactis is an ideal live vector vaccine candidate for carrying antigen. Aeromonas hydrophila cause hemorrhagic septicemia in many kinds of animals including fish. It is important to find the common protective antigens in vaccine research work, because of the numerous serotype. To explore how the outer membrane protein (OMP) from Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) AS1.927 strain expressed in the L. lactis and its immunological protection of the expressed OMP, a cloned ompA gene was inserted into pNZ8048 vector and expressed in the L. lactis NZ9000 using nisin induction in this study . The expressed OMP was estimated by migration in 10% sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyarylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results showed that the size of the fusion protein was about 36.2 kD, and the mature protein was about 33.7 kD. BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) were orally inoculated with the engineering bacteria L.lactis [pNZ-ompA]. Intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was determined by double antibody radioimmunoassay and serum IgG was detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at one week post-vaccination,the results indicated that mice vaccinated with L.lactis [pNZ-ompA] significantly increased sIgA level and antigen-specific IgG level in the serum (P0.05) than that of untreated control group . Besides, on the 14th day after the last immunization, the mice were challenged with 3.3×105 cfu/mL of live Ah AS1.927 (100 LD50), showing that the immunized group had 87.5% relative percent survival (RPS). This indicated that oral immunization of L.lactis [pNZ-ompA] can protectively initiate an immune response upon. It provides a technical basis for developing efficient oral gene engineering vaccine against fish Ah.


Based on one public office building retrofit project in Tianjin, this paper describes the construction of a PVT coupled with a water-to-water heat pump system to test its performance in cold regions. The system's performance was evaluated under winter conditions, including the temperature changes of the photovoltaic panel and water tank with respect to the irradiation time, the instantaneous power generation of PVT and PV systems, the daily power generation efficiency, the heat collection efficiency of PVT system, and the COP of the system. The results show that under one day's solar radiation, the mean temperature of the PVT and PV systems can reach 16.1°C, and the PVT power efficiency is 2.2% higher than the PV. The PVT system has a daily average power generation efficiency of about 10.4%, a heat collection efficiency of 42.2%, and a daily power generation of 194.4 kWh. The maximum temperature of the storage water tank reached 46.4°C, and the mean COP for the whole day was 6.86, meeting the actual heating requirements.


Head teachers are expected to be pedagogic leaders who support their teachers' professional development in order to improve long term teaching quality and goal achievement. Research shows that many ...


Many language learning materials have been published in Japan. However, they are limited in their scope and content. In addition, we doubt whether the speech sounds found there are natural in various situations. These days, some TV news programs (by NHK, CNN, ABC[1], etc.) have closed/open captions corresponding to the speech of the announcer. We have developed a system that automatically makes CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) materials from such captioned newscasts. Materials compiled by this system have the following functions: repetition listening, consulting an electronic dictionary, and automatic construction of a dictation test. The materials have the following advantages: polite and natural speech sound, various and timely topics, and abundant materials. In this paper, we describe the organization of our new system.


Background and Aim: Considering the importance and necessity of neonatal resuscitation training, one of the introduced methods is Educare. The Educare consists of six sections for learning skills. By using this method, the need and necessity of learning, behavioral and particular goals, practical training, supervisions, using the reminder tool, the opportunity to practice and repeat practically, and evaluating skills can be explained. Therefore, this study has aimed to investigate the effectiveness of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation training by Educare method on nurses and midwives' knowledge and performance. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experiment research without a control group. It was carried out on thirty nurses and midwives of the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and labor and maternity wards who were selected based on convenience and purpose-based sampling in Baqiyatallah Hospital in 2018. The training was carried out by conducting a two-day neonatal resuscitation workshop. The effectiveness of neonatal resuscitation training was tested in three stages of before, immediately after and two months after training by using a researcher made questionnaire and checklist after validity and reliability confirmation. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test and repeated measures variance analysis by spss25


Abstract The forms of snow crystals and flakes in various stages of melting can be observed with substantial fidelity after collecting the particles in subfreezing hexane. These forms are largely determined by minimum surface area considerations, which can lead to the breakup of some forms. The collection method might be useful in detailed studies of the radar bright band.