Objective. This review provides an overview of the validity of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) dispatch criteria for severely injured patients. Methods. A systematic literature search was performed. English written and peer-reviewed publications on HEMS dispatch criteria were included. Results. Thirty-four publications were included. Five manuscripts discussed accuracy of HEMS dispatch criteria. Criteria based upon Mechanism of Injury (MOI) have a positive predictive value (PPV) of 27%. Criteria based upon the anatomy of injury combined with MOI as a group, result in an undertriage of 13% and a considerable overtriage. The criterion 'loss of consciousness' has a sensitivity of 93–98% and a specificity of 85–96%. Criteria based on age and/or comorbidity have a poor sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion. Only 5 studies described HEMS dispatch criteria validity. HEMS dispatch based on consciousness criteria seems promising. MOI criteria lack accuracy and will lead to significant overtriage. The first categories needing revision are MOI and age/comorbidity.


A method for manufacturing an anode panel, a method for manufacturing a flat panel display apparatus, an anode panel for a flat panel display apparatus, and a flat panel display apparatus are provided to prevent damage of a phosphor region by partially removing a conductive layer from upper portions of partitions. After partitions(23) are formed on a substrate(20), a unit phosphor region(21) is formed on the substrate enclosed by the partitions. After a conductive layer is formed on the entire surface of the substrate, the conductive layer positioned on an upper portion of the partition is removed to form an anode unit(31) on the unit phosphor region. After partitions are formed on the substrate, the unit phosphor region is formed on the substrate, or the conductive layer is partially removed, a resist layer(43) is formed to electrically connect the anode unit with adjacent anode unit. The step of removing the conductive layer from the partition includes attaching a release member on the conductive layer and mechanically peeling the release member.


Searching information about local businesses is not a trivial problem to address. Most of existing services are supplied with manually recorded data. Based on the observation that more and more businesses are referenced on the web, we propose a new approach, which consists to extract companies' targeted information (addresses, activities, jobs, products, emails, fax, phone numbers) from websites, to supply a local business search service. The information retrieval module combines thematic, spatial and full-text criteria. Keywords–Information Extraction; Geographic Information Retrieval


This paper describes the application of a discrete-time sliding mode controller to a dual-stage actuator system in a hard disk drive. It is shown how the sliding mode control scheme can be incorporated into the observer based control system for the secondary actuator. Improved performance for the track-seeking and track-settling process is demonstrated. The dynamics of the discrete-time sliding-mode state-feedback controller are designed using a singular LQR-approach so that dead-beat behaviour for the sliding mode reaching dynamics is achieved in close proximity to the ideal sliding surface. The reaching dynamics are modified when the states are a significant distance away from the sliding surface to avoid any high magnitude control action. The control law also takes into account constraints on the actuator amplitudes. The design approach for this controller is novel in its own right.


The aim of this thesis has been to analyse what kind of explanations that is presented in earlier research to why drug addicts get to the end of their drugabuse. The questions that our work came out of has been: 1. What external factors mean something for a drugaddict to end his or her drugabuse? 2. What internal factors mean something for at drugaddict to end his or her drugabuse? 3. Of what importance is relationships with other people in the process of ending a drugabuse? The method that we have used in this thesis is a study of literature and we have categorised our material in external and internal factors and a special chapter about the importance of relationships with other people. Our result shows that people that have recovered from an abuse of drugs describe this process in different ways. These different stories comes out of different theories about drugabuse and the stories is suitable for different people at different points of time. The external and internal factors work together in the process in ending a drugabuse. The internal factors are more often mentioned by women and men more often refer to external factors. Relationships to other people has got a big importance in the process in ending a drugabuse.


OF THE DISSERTATION Tunneling in strongly correlated materials by Marianna Maltseva Dissertation Director: Piers Coleman Tunneling studies of strongly correlated materials provide information about the nature of electronic correlations, which is vital for investigation of emergent materials at the microscopic level. In particular, scanning tunneling spectroscopy/microscopy (STS/STM) studies have made major contributions to understanding cuprate superconductors (66), yet there is a sense that huge STM data arrays contain much more precious information to be extracted and analyzed. One of the most pressing questions in the field is how to improve the data analysis, so as to extract more information from STM data. A dominant trend in STM data analysis has been to interpret the data within a particular microscopic model, while using only basic data analysis tools. To decrease the reliance of the STM data interpretation on particular microscopic models, further advances in data analysis methods are necessary. In Chapter 2 of this Thesis, we discuss how one can extract information about the phase of the order parameter from STM data. We show that symmetrized and anti-symmetrized correlators of local density of states give rise to observable coherence factor effects. In Chapter 3, we apply this framework to analyze the recent scanning tunneling experiments on an underdoped cuprate superconductor Ca2−xNaxCuO2Cl2 by T. Hanaguri et al. (60). In Chapter 4, we propose a model for nodal quasiparticle scattering in a disordered vortex lattice. Recently, scanning tunneling studies of a Kondo lattice material URu2Si2 became possible (117). If it proves possible to apply scanning tunneling spectroscopy to Kondo lattice materials, then remarkable new opportunities in the ongoing investigation may emerge. In Chapter 5, we examine the effect of co-tunneling to develop a theory of tunneling into a Kondo lattice. We find that the interference between the direct tunneling and the co-tunneling


In the following article, an effort will be made in order to describe two different forms of multiculturalism in Cyprus. The first one, " spontaneous popular" multiculturalism, refers to the form developed spontaneously by the people of Cyprus, mainly Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, within the every day's contact and relations along the past centuries until 1974. The second one, the " learned" form of multiculturalism, describes the multicultural reality that appears during the last decade – since the opening of check points – as a result of concrete policies of the state but also of private initiatives of several intellectual and political elites. The main argument of the paper is that while policies followed by the elites of the two communities before 1974 contributed in a systematic weakening of the " spontaneous" form of multiculturalism, after 2004, these same elites develop policies and strategies in order to strengthen this time, the " learned" form of multiculturalism." This is" the cypriot paradoxe".


A group of software vendors entrepreneurs (Jalios, azendoo, SeeMy, XWiki Jamespot, knowings, Knowledge-Plaza, Yoolink, TalkSpirit) sent an open letter to President CIGREF.


Since the onset of this century, education has encountered critical challenges. In the information age, how to give elevated quality education and training has turned out to be a fundamental query to be addressed for those who require education and can gain from it in the most cost-effective approach. Educational systems have endeavoured to surmount the challenges by adopting new approaches. Information and communication technologies (ICT) embody a new approach for developing the distribution of information and aiding to face these challenges. The major objective of this study is to get empirical data on the current use of ICT by teachers and students to come up with strategies and action plans for integrating ICTs in the Algerian higher educational system. With a prior concern to the implementation of ICT at school and classroom levels, the study addresses the following questions: How effective for EFL learning process is the integration of ICT in classroom instruction? How academically appropriate is the integration of ICT for `reconceptualising' students' learning process? How can the perceived obstacles be challenged for appropriate integration of ICT? The findings revealed that participating university teachers supported the use of ICTs as a tool for providing students with more learning resources, enhancing instructional activities for submitting assignments, and facilitating classroom communication between teachers and students. The findings disclosed also that participant teachers believed that lack of training, long standing pedagogical approaches and no perception of benefits are the major obstacles that challenge successful use of ICTs. Because teachers play a major role in any type of education reform and innovation, their perspectives and beliefs should not be left uncharted. Once these are made clear, teachers will get prepared to integrate ICT into their instructions.


Using the strong disorder renormalization group method, we study numerically the critical behavior of the random transverse Ising model at a free surface, at a corner, and at an edge in two-, three-, and four-dimensional lattices. The surface magnetization exponents are found to be ${x}_{s}=1.60(2),$ 2.65(15), and $3.7(1)$ in $D=2,$ 3, and 4, respectively, which do not depend on the form of disorder. We have also studied critical magnetization profiles in slab, pyramid, and wedge geometries with fixed-free boundary conditions and analyzed their scaling behavior.


I seek to counter a view commonly held by scholars that the Burger Court is pragmatic in its constitutional choices in contrast to the Warren Court, which is viewed as ideological. I propose a methodology to study the effects of process values and rights values held by members of the Burger Court on their decision making. To view its decision making as pragmatic, without awareness of underlying values of process and rights, results in an oversimplified view and leads to the unwarranted conclusion that the Burger Court is case-specific in making constitutional choices. I limit my discussion to separation of church and state cases, primarily in the area of aid to parochial education, because traditionally scholars have emphasized the pragmatic nature of Burger Court choices in this area. A finding of consistency of values in justices' orientations in this area suggests that the methodology reported here might have general utility in the study of Supreme Court decision making.


An intensive study of the scientific journal reading behavior of chemists and physicists was made using almost exclusively the direct observation of behavior (rather than questionnaires, interviews, or diaries) to determine what they read, why they read what they do, and what differences in reading behavior exist between the groups. A device which generated an audible alarm at random moments of time was carried by scientists and used to signal the times at which observations were to be made.


Half-and-half nail in Behçet's disease Editor, We report a 27-year-old woman with Behçet's disease under our follow-up for four years. When the patient was diagnosed with Behçet's disease, she had recurrent oral aphthous ulceration, genital ulceration, papulopustular lesions, erythema nodosum, and a positive pathergy test. She also had arthritis in the knee joints at the onset of disease. The patient has been treated with colchicine 1.5 mg/d. No active cutaneous or non-cutaneous findings of Behçet's disease were evident at her last visit. Dermatologic examination showed half-and-half nail in all fingernails (Fig. 1). The patient reported that her fingernails had changed color over approximately six months. No other individuals in her family showed similar nail findings. The patient has used levothyroxine for three years for hypothyroidism, and thyroid hormones have been maintained within normal limits by this therapy. Other laboratory findings, such as renal function tests and hepatic function tests, were all within normal limits. Behçet's disease is a systemic vasculitis affecting the small and large vessels of the venous and arterial systems. It involves many systemic lesions, but mucocutaneous features may be considered particular diagnostic hallmarks; this makes physical examination the most important step in diagnosis because there is no conclusive diagnostic test. Half-and-half nail, a type of pseudoleukonychia, is a nail bed change in which the proximal half of the nail appears white and the distal portion appears to be red–brown. Although this change may be seen in patients with no demonstrable systemic abnormality, it is noted most commonly in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Prevalences of half-and-half nail are reported to be 7.7–50.6% in this group. Although half-and-half nail has been related to the duration of hemodialysis in some reports, others have found it not to be associated specifically with hemodialysis therapy but more probably with long-term uremia. The pathogenesis of this color change is not clear; some authors have reported melanin deposits in the nail plate and thickening in the capillary wall, but others have considered the whiteness of this disorder to be caused by excessive development of connective tissue between the nail and bone that reduces the quantity of blood in the subcapillary plexus. Systemic disease can produce nail changes such as clubbing, koilonychia, and half-and-half nail. Several conditions have been associated with half-and-half nail in case reports in the literature, including pellagra, yellow nail syndrome, citrullinemia, Crohn's disease, and Behçet's disease. However, there are very few specific data on nail findings in Behçet's disease in the literature. The only such analyses refer to nailfold capillaroscopic findings in Behçet's disease and show that dilated loops, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, megacapillaries, and local or global loss of capillaries may be observed in patients with Behçet's disease. Two previous case reports have described an association between half-and-half nail and Behçet's disease. Mahajan et al. reported a case of Behçet's disease with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and half-and-half nail. Our patient had hypothyroidism in addition to Behçet's disease and had received levothyroxine therapy for the thyroid disorder. We do not know if hypothyroidism or levothyroxine therapy may play a role in the development of half-and-half nail. We were unable to find any information on an association of hypothyroidism or levothyroxine therapy with half-and-half nail in the literature. We think that it is more conceivable that Behçet's disease, which is a systemic vasculitis, may be responsible for the pathogenesis of half-and-half nail because the etiopathogenesis of halfand-half nail may have a vascular origin. Sahin et al. presented a patient with Behçet's disease with pulmonary artery aneurysm and half-and-half nail, in whom a family history of half-and-half nail was present. There was no family history of half-and-half nail or systemic vascular Figure 1 Half-and-half nail is apparent in all fingernails


The utility model relates to a controllable single-lung vent cannula, which is composed of an air inlet 1, a soft tube 2, an intake valve of an inner air bag 3, an intake valve 4, an outer air bag 5, an air outlet 6, an outer air bag 7, an end port 8, an inner air bag 9, an inner air bag valve 10, an intake valve 11, etc. The cannula only has one cavity channel. Compared with the original dual chamber cannula, the cannula of the utility model has the characteristics of smooth cavity channel, simple structure, convenient operation, etc., and is not easy to block by sputum.


A new approach is presented for tackling the problem of requiring a lot of memory and computational demand for nearest neighbor classification.Tabu search is used to find the optimal condensed reference set, which has minimal sample size and satisfies a certain error rate.When the error rate threshold is set to zero,the algorithm obtains a near minimal consistent subset of a given training set.While the threshold is set to a small appropriate value,the obtained reference set may compensate the bias of the nearest neighbor estimate.An aspiration criterion for Tabu Search is introduced which aims to prevent the search process from the inefficient wandering between feasible and infeasible regions in the search space and speed up the convergence.Experimental results based on a number of typical data sets are presented and analyzed to illustrate the benefits of the proposed method.Compared to conventional methods, such as CNN and Dasarathy's algorithm,the size of the reduced reference sets is much smaller,and the nearest neighbor classification performance is better,especially when the error rate thresholds are set to nonzero appropriate values.The experimental results also illustrate that the MCS (minimal consistent set) of Dasarathy's algorithm is not minimal,and his candidate consistent set is not always ensured to be reducing monotonically.A counter example is also given to confirm this claim.


We present a contrast source inversion (CSI) algorithm using the finite-difference approach for reconstructing the unknown material properties of an inhomogeneous object immersed in a known inhomogeneous background medium from the scattered field data. Similar to the CSI algorithm using the integral equation (IE) approach, the unknown contrast source and the unknown contrast are updated alternately to reconstruct the scatterer without requiring the solution of the full forward problem at each iteration step in the inversion process. In the present method, we use a finite-difference (FD) frequency domain method incorporated with a PML absorbing boundary condition. The latter enables us to implement the reconstruction of an inhomogeneous object embedded in an unbounded inhomogeneous background medium. This approach makes this algorithm more versatile than the IE-based CSI algorithm, which is only efficient for handling a homogeneous background medium. An attractive feature of introducing the finite-difference operator into the algorithm is that the stiffness matrix of such an operator is only dependent on the background medium, which is invariant throughout the inversion process. Therefore, in two-dimensional (2D) configurations, where the size of the stiffness matrix is manageable, this finite-difference operator only needs to be inverted once and the results can be reused in successive iterations of the inversion. Numerical experiments show that this local (FD-based) CSI algorithm has excellent performance for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous background media.


Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, has showed marked efficacy for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer [1,2]. Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer has advanced remarkably with the introduction of folinic acid, fluorouracil, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI); and folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX); therapies, which require a central venous (CV) port. With the recent development of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) therapy, capecitabine plus irinotecan (XELIRI) therapy and irinotecan plus S-1 (IRIS) therapy involving oral administration of drug preparations, etc., implantation of a CV port can be now avoided. However, vascular pain occasionally requires switching of the drip infusion route during XELOX therapy by the administration of oxaliplatin via the peripheral vein.


PURPOSE: A portable crimping device for crimping a press-fitting unit is provided to prevent broken-down of the crimping device even if dropping or falling down, to restrict the overturn of the device caused by a heavy head unit, to prohibit the breakage of a connection unit between a sidewall and a plate, and to remove structural wrong alignment having a bad effect on the accuracy of the crimping process and the reliability of the device. CONSTITUTION: A portable crimping device for crimping a hose fitting to the end of a hose has an integrated housing(20) for attaching and retaining parts used for crimping. The housing has four sides surrounding a longitudinal axis and an open middle section(25), wherein one of the sides has a receiving opening(29) extending to house parts and another of the sides is a base(21) vertical to the longitudinal axis and positioned at one end of an intermediate opening. The other side is a top portion(22) positioned on the opposite end of the middle section opened from the base and vertical to the longitudinal direction to attach a cylinder, a piston, and a pusher. The other two sides are positioned at the opposite side of the intermediate section opened from each other and parallel to the longitudinal axis and mounting holes(34) are formed on the outer surface of two sides.


In this paper, a family of automatic interleaved Dickson switched-capacitor converters (AIDSCC) and its zero-voltage switching (ZVS) resonant configuration are proposed. Different from the traditional Dickson switched-capacitor converter, the AIDSCC has symmetrical configuration with the features of automatic interleaved input current, small output voltage ripple, and lower peak capacitor voltage stress. To improve the line regulation capability, one small resonant inductor is inserted and two bulky capacitor banks are replaced by two much smaller resonant capacitors, forming the resonant AIDSCC. The transistors are ZVS turned on and diodes are zero-current switching turned off by operating above the resonance. With frequency modulation within a reasonable range, the voltage-gain range of the resonant AIDSCC is expanded significantly, while sacrificing the maximum efficiency due to the higher conduction loss. A 3X AIDSCC and a 3X resonant AIDSCC below 140 W were built to verify the analysis.


This is a brief contribution that analyzes the impact of the existing international legal framework, in particular that of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and of the United Nations Educational Social and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), on the policy space that the European Union (EU) and its Member States have for the pursuit of cultural objectives. The paper contemplates an expansion of the EU cultural policy measures into online media services, as prescribed by the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD), and matches this with the existent policy space and its potential future limitations. The paper closes with a critique on the lack of innovation in the domain of EU cultural policy for online audiovisual media, especially as the causal link between displayed EU content and actually viewed EU content deteriorates under the conditions of the digital networked environment.


Relational fact extraction is aimed to extract triples from sentences. Recent years, Sequence-to-sequence learning has been utilized for this task because of its advantage of modeling three different entity overlapping types. In their model, they utilized the same RNN cell to decode entities and relation in a triplet. Actually, the information required to predict entities and relation are different. So we shouldn't mix the process of extracting entities from the original sentence and predicting the relation between entities. Based on the above observation, we propose a novel mechanism to split the process of decoding entities and relation. We conduct extensive experiments on NYT and WebNLG datasets. The experimental results show that our Splitting-Mechainsm (SM) helps to promote performance.


BACKGROUND
Vitamin D-resistant rickets type-IIA (VDRR-IIA) is a rare, congenital, metabolic disorder characterized by hypocalcemia, rickets, and alopecia. There are reports correlating calcium-metabolic disorders with basal ganglia calcification (BGC) and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

OBJECTIVE
The authors document and discuss the relationships of these phenomena.

METHOD
The authors describe a patient born with VDRR-IIA who subsequently developed BGC at age 15, and catatonic symptoms of progressive severity at age 16.

RESULTS
There appeared to be a positive correlation between the severity of BGC and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

DISCUSSION
This is the first time VDRR-IIA, BGC, and catatonia have been reported in a patient, and the authors discuss the relationship among the conditions.


The 13C-NMR. in Zn(II) (Protoporphyrin IX), Fe(III) (Protoporphrin IX) (CN)2, Zn(II) (Deuteroporphyrin IX dimethylester), and Fe(III) (Deuteroporphyrin IX) (CN)2 have been identified, and the 13C hyperfine shifts in the iron complexes evaluated. In a partial analysis of these data the parameters QH, QCCHH, and QC′CHC, which characterize the isotropic coupling through hyperconjugation between the 1H and 13C nuclei of the porphyrin side chains and the unpaired electron spin density on the aromatic ring carbon atoms, have been re-examined. This paper is part of an investigation of the electronic states in low spin ferric hemes and hemoproteins, and the relations between the electronic structures and the biological roles of these molecules.


With rapid development of the Internet,QQ,as the biggest one of instant communication softwares in China, plays an important role in the people's daily life. It can realize the chat on and document transmission,over the Internet,thus is greatly convenient to the people's life and work. This paper discusses several types of QQ document transmission,analyzes and researches some specific kinds of document transmission. In practical application,through the feature codes of file structure in QQ document transmission for data recovery,a reference for data recovery of document transmission of certain software is provided.


In this thesis, we propose a new system for online person tracking by detection. The system focuses on tracking persons in top-view sports videos. A modified YOLO network serves as a person detector from top-view videos. A fine-tuned ResNet network works as a similarity metric allowing person reidentification by visual similarity. The proposed method achieves 94% mAP in the detection and 90% MOTA in the tracking on a new dataset from sports videos. The dataset is attached to the thesis along with a GUI application for data processing.


Theoretical and computational studies on metal-complex photosensitizers, photo-induced electron transfer, and electric characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are reviewed as a typical example of interacting molecular systems. For the photosensitizers, we focus on Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes. Electronic structure studies using the density functional theory are summarized with a particular interest on electronic factors giving appreciable influence on their UV/Vis absorption spectra. For photoinduced electron transfer, which has been suggested to be the most important process in DSSC, introduced are three quantum models each of which is useful for understanding either qualitative or quantitative aspects of the electronic process. For DSSC characteristics, some models of carrier transport are explained. From the materials science viewpoint, it is evident that coordination chemistry plays an important role for developing such an interacting molecular system where "variety of combination" and "structural hierarchy" are its characteristics. In this review, the current status and future challenges of theoretical and computational studies are pointed out with an emphasis on importance of theory-experiment collaborations.


62 IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE ■ JUNE 2019 InterOp 1451, an IEEE 1451 Smart Transducer Interfaces Inter-Operability Testing Plugfest, took place 21–23 October, 2018, in Washington, D.C., at the flagship conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IES; IECON 2018). The IES Standards Technical Committee (TC) sponsored the threeday interoperability interactive workshop for the IEEE 1451 Smart Transducers Network standards. The program included face-to-face meetings of the various IEEE 1451 standards working groups and presentations to further develop the evolving standards or describe established standards. The IEEE 1451 standards originated from the IEEE Instrument and Measurement Society (IMS), which is the main sponsor for the standards family. The IES is a partner in sponsoring and developing this important standard, considered essential in industrial electronics, industrial automation, cyber–physical systems, and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). This first-ever standards interoperability workshop held at an IES conference had the following objectives: ■ to provide the IEEE 1451/21451 standards community with verification and validation platforms for the standards so the community can test the development of their applications to these benchmarks, ensuring compliance and interoperability to their systems ■ to ensure that the standards and platforms will be compliant and interoperate with IoT applications and its industrial components (IIoT) ■ to encourage industry partners to make use of the verification and validation platforms for complying with IEEE standards in the industry context ■ to facilitate the verification and implementation of developing Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MIE.2019.2910895


Abstract In each project activity management are usually applied that focus on aspects of planning, implementation, and supervision. So that project activities can run smoothly and finish well, there needs to be a plan and control, not only in managerial aspects but also in the engineering structure. Companies engaged in project contracting services can be said to be successful if they can use their time and project costs efficiently and effectively, so that every project confronted can be completed in a timely manner and in accordance with what was planned. In the dock construction project in this study requires a workforce of 24608 hours. And by using Material Requirement Planning (MRP) for material procurement, a schedule or order plan can be produced from the material that arrives on time that has been determined so that project implementation can proceed smoothly according to plan. Keywords: dock construction project, Material requirement Planning, material procurement


Chitosan sulfate is prepared by using shrimp/crab shell as raw material. Some factors affecting the catalytic system of polyphase esterification when we use it (chitosan sulfate) as catalyst are what we want to discuss in this essay. By making a detailed study we've found out not only the relation between the effective efficiency of the catalyst, the molecular weight of chitosan and the deacetylation degree, but also the applied sphere of the catalytic system of polyphase esterification when we use chitosan sulfate as catalyst and the main effect factors.


Messenger RNA (mRNA) can be injected in known quantities into oocytes of the frog Xenopus laevis. Haemoglobin mRNA from rabbit, mouse, or duck blood cells is accurately translated, and oocytes can translate messages from different cell-types of all vertebrate groups. Oocytes and eggs have a spare capacity to translate injected messages, even when supplied in excess, and these do not compete with the cells' own messages already in use. The cell component which restricts the translation of injected mRNA above a saturating amount appears not to be KCl-released ribosome factors or transfer RNA. A message-specific component may be responsible for the lower efficiency of translation of \g=a\than of \g=b\globin mRNA in oocytes. Injected haemoglobin mRNA appears to be translated less frequently in oocytes than in reticulocytes at the same temperature, but continues to be translated in oocytes at nearly the same rate for a period of up to nearly 2 weeks. The injection of mRNA into oocytes is especially valuable for studying the control of protein synthesis in living cells.


In one embodiment, preparation of specific functionalized pyridine N- oxide is provided. In one embodiment, functionalized pyridine N- oxide 2-substituted-5- (1-alkylthio) alkyl - containing pyridine N- oxide. A further embodiment of the description, form the desired product, characteristic object, advantages, a phase-like and benefits must become apparent.


Within the geosciences, it has long been recognized that biological activity can modify the texture, structure and composition of surface sediments. Darwin (1881) already examined the stirring of soils by the burrowing of earthworms and made detailed observations on the way these organisms affect geological processes (see e.g. Guinasso and Schink, 1975 for an historical evocation of early studies on the effect of organisms on soils and sediments). Similar to terrestrial soils, the water-saturated sediments of marine, lacustrine and riverine environments show a comparable abundance of organisms, which are capable of mixing and transforming sedimentary material in diverse ways. In recent decades, there is a growing demand for a proper quantification of geochemical processes in surface sediments, as can be judged from the proliferation of so-called general early diagenetic models (e.g. Soetaert et al, 1996a; Van Cappellen and Wang, 1996; Boudreau, 1996a; Wijsman et al., 2001). The term early diagenesis refers to the combination of physical, chemical and biological processes that occur in the topmost layer of surface sediments following deposition (Berner, 1980). As biological activity plays a central role in surface sediment geochemistry, a prime concern in these modelling efforts constitutes an adequate incorporation of the influence of benthic organisms on the sediment.


This paper aims to evaluate the consistency and sensitivity of the Lane Change Test (LCT), which is subject of a proposed ISO standard. The method aims at estimating driving demand while a secondary task is being performed, by measuring performance degradation on a primary driving-like task. An experiment was conducted in two experimental contexts, a driving simulator and a Personal Computer (including pedals and steering wheel), and with two auditory and two visual-manual secondary tasks. Three performance measures were calculated: mean deviation adapted, correct lane change ratio and lane change initiation. The effect of experimental context was significant. The trajectory, measured by adapted mean deviation, was of better quality on the simulator, while lane changes were initiated earlier on the PC. This difference may be explained by the greater immersion of the driver in the driving scene, which led to easier control of the trajectory in the simulator. Conversely, participants initiated quicker responses to signs when using the PC, to the detriment of trajectory control. The LCT was proven to be sensitive enough to evaluate the driving performance impairment due to the simultaneous performance of various secondary tasks.


BS>Possible mechanisms of radiation energy absorption in cells, as well as morphologic, physiologic, and genetic variations induced by ionizing radintion in these cells, are discussed. The target theory as applied to microorganism that a cellular entity (or target) contains one and only one sensitive region which upon exposure will be affected by a single radiation particle to produce a single effect, is examined. It is concluded that the existence of a sensitive site in bacteria may be plausible; however, the arguments for its existence are not so easily supported. Also considered is the concept of indirect action, which differs from that of direct action under the target theory in that the mo ecule studied does not absorb the energy but receives this indirectiy by transfer from another molecule. Factors mo ifying the effects of ionizing radiations on microorganisms are described including: time-dose rate factor; population concentration; comparative radiosensitivity; effect of atmo sphere; drying and temperature; effects of pH; nutrition; age; effects of chemicals; and protection, adaptation, and recovery. Various factors which can modify the effects of ionizing radiations on microorganisms, and thus afford some control over protective measures, are discussed, an chemical protectors considered. Applied radiation microbiology, especially radiation processingmore » of foods, drugs, and other materials is reviewed, showing that among inves tigators engaged in this field there exists a rather wide variance of opinions as to the future application of ionizing radiation. The problem of radioresistant microbial strain occurring in foods is discussed, and 46 references are cited. (BBB)« less


Retinal microvascular dysfunction characterizes the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness in the World. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated as major pathogenic hubs for the induction and progression of DR. Reduced endogenous antioxidant activities within the retinal microvasculature can significantly contribute to oxidative stress in the diabetic retina. We have previously shown that diabetes inhibits the thioredoxin system (TrxS) and others have shown that the cytosolic histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) can promote oxidative stress in a not yet understood mechanism. Here we have investigated the role of HDAC6 in regulating the TrxS in the diabetic retinal microvasculature. HDAC6 expression and activity were assessed by immunoblotting and fluorimetric assay (respectively) in retinas of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats (STZ‐rats, 8 weeks of diabetes) and in primary culture of human retinal endothelial cells (HuREC) exposed to disease‐relevant glucose levels (HG=25mM D‐glucose) for 48 hours. Changes in TrxS were monitored by assessing the expression and activity of its functional unit, thioredoxin‐1 (Trx‐1), by immunoblotting and a commercially available fluorimetric assay, in STZ‐rats retinas and in HuREC exposed to HG. Some experiments in HuREC were conducted also in presence of 5μM of the specific HDAC6 inhibitor tubastatin A. CellROX assay and dot‐blot assessing 5‐nitrotyrosine (5‐NT) and 4 hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) were used to measure oxidative stress in our experimental groups. HDAC6 expression and activity were found significantly elevated in retinas of STZ‐rats compared to normal age‐matched controls and in HuREC exposed to HG, but not to normal glucose (5mM D‐glucose) or the osmotic control L‐glucose (25mM). At the same time Trx‐1 expression was increased in diabetic retinas and in HuREC exposed to HG, whereas its activity was significantly decreased. Parallel to loss of Trx‐1 activity and increased HDAC6 expression and activity, we also found that oxidative stress parameters were also elevated. In HuREC, tubastatin A was able to block HG‐induced up‐regulation of oxidative stress parameters while up‐regulating Trx‐1 activity and normalizing its expression. In summary, our data confirm previous observations on the role of HDAC6 in promoting oxidative stress and disclose HDAC6 role in suppressing Trx‐1 activity. Therefore, our results, support HDAC6 pathogenic role in promoting oxidative stress in the diabetic retinal microvasculature and its implication in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.


This paper proposes a video encryption algorithm using RSA and Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence, aimed at applications requiring sensitive video information transfers. The system is primarily designed to work with files encoded using the Audio Video Interleaved (AVI) codec, although it can be easily ported for use with Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) encoded files. The audio and video components of the source separately undergo two layers of encryption to ensure a reasonable level of security. Encryption of the video component involves applying the RSA algorithm followed by the PN-based encryption. Similarly, the audio component is first encrypted using PN and further subjected to encryption using the Discrete Cosine Transform. Combining these techniques, an efficient system, invulnerable to security breaches and attacks with favorable values of parameters such as encryption/decryption speed, encryption/decryption ratio and visual degradation; has been put forth. For applications requiring encryption of sensitive data wherein stringent security requirements are of prime concern, the system is found to yield negligible similarities in visual perception between the original and the encrypted video sequence. For applications wherein visual similarity is not of major concern, we limit the encryption task to a single level of encryption which is accomplished by using RSA, thereby quickening the encryption process. Although some similarity between the original and encrypted video is observed in this case, it is not enough to comprehend the happenings in the video.


Approximately 150 engineers and scientists from 15 countries attended the International Symposium on Land Subsidence held at Tokyo, Japan, from September 17 through 24, 1969. The symposium was sponsored by Unesco, the International Association of Scientific Hydrology (IASH), the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ISSMFE), the Science Council of Japan, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, and the Japanese National Commission for Unesco. The symposium was organized within the framework of the International Hydrological Decade (IHD). All papers sessions were held at the conference center of the Akasaka Prince Hotel in Tokyo.


Several studies have shown that unenhanced computed tomography (CT), while having a similar specificity to intravenous urography (IVU) for detecting ureterolithiasis, has a much higher sensitivity. CT is also more effective in identifying alternative pathologies and is known to be a much quicker investigation to perform. Additionally, CT can be used in patients with renal impairment and carries no risk of contrast reaction.


The study conducted by Rindova (1999) has given us a model of the director's contribution to strategic decision-making from the view of cognitive perspective. This model suggests that directors can contribute to strategic decison-making by performing, along with a firm's managers, a set of cognitive tasks: scanning, interpretation and choice. This paper attempts to critically evaluate this model and offers alternative factors and other issues to be considered in relation to director's involvement in strategy processes.


Objective: We report the results of the first 20 uterus transplants performed in our institution. Summary Background Data: Uterus transplantation (UTx) aims at giving women affected by absolute uterine-factor infertility the possibility of carrying their own pregnancy. UTx has evolved from experimental to an established surgical procedure. Methods: The Dallas Uterus Transplant Study (DUETS) program started in 2016. The uterus was transplanted in orthotopic position with vascular anastomoses to the external iliac vessels and removed when 1 or 2 live births were achieved. Immunosuppression lasted only for the duration of the uterus graft. Results: Twenty women, median age 29.7 years, enrolled in the study, with 10 in phase 1 and 10 in phase 2. All but 2 recipients had a congenital absence of the uterus. Eighteen recipients received uteri from living donors and 2 from deceased donors. In phase 1, 50% of recipients had a technically successful uterus transplant, compared to 90% in phase 2. Four recipients with a technical success in phase 1 have delivered 1 or 2 babies, and the fifth recipient with a technical success is >30 weeks pregnant. In phase 2, 2 recipients have delivered healthy babies and 5 are pregnant. Conclusions: UTx is a unique type of transplant; whose only true success is a healthy child birth. Based on results presented here, involving refinement of the surgical technique and donor selection process, UTx is now an established solution for absolute uterine-factor infertility.


Background: Pericardial disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. Although the pericardium is usually sufficiently thick to be identified on CCT and CMR, visualization at the most common site of pericardial defects, the lateral, posterior, and inferior left ventricular wall, can be poor because of a paucity of fat. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CT & MRI in the diagnosis of pericardial diseases. Patients and Methods: 30 patients with cardiac abnormalities were included. All patients' data of preoperative were reported. Range of age was 15-59 years. 20 patients were male and 10 patients were female. Results: In our study MR imaging showed accuracy of 93% for differentiation between constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy on the basis of depiction of thickened pericardium. In our study on MR images, an intact pericardial line may be observed if an adjacent tumor extends to the pericardium but not through it. Tumors that have invaded the pericardium may be recognized by focal obliteration of the pericardial line and the presence of pericardial effusion. Hemorrhagic pericardial effusions secondary to metastases usually have high signal intensity on SE images. Conclusion: CT and MR imaging should be used when findings at echocardiography are difficult to interpret or conflict with clinical findings.


This study rather than focus on food security examines the potential in utilizing Post-Harvest Waste (P-HW) materials and their benefits to the immediate rural communities where lignocellulose waste are found in abundance. It was observed that researchers have proposed a lot of unique approaches to managing solid waste generation; with emphasis on perfect waste collection and disposal, but these approaches are very expensive considering the tight budgeting expenses Nigeria is faced with. This study shows that some rural communities experience huge post-harvest organic wastes from their farms and the cost of these losses has been estimated, which then forms a good spot to start the implementation process for this initiative. The research highlights the overview benefits of adopting microbial and pyrolysis approach in converting the lignocellulosic aspect of these waste to economically viable products that will have a direct positive impact on the immediate community. This study proposed a modified fast pyrolysis approach in the conversion process to reduce the production of pyrolytic gas and optimize the production of biochar and pyroligneous acid. Adopting these approaches will reduce the amount of carbon emitted into the atmosphere when burning these waste and produce bio-products instead of synthesized chemical products that have health implications.


The author describes how, in the the field of electric vehicle sharing (EV-sharing), experiments are currently being conducted in eight locations in Japan. Furthermore, experiments are also being planned in Fukuoka and Hamamatsu. Moreover, the design of such a scheme is progressing in Yakushima (Kagoshima Prefecture) which is a tourist resort.


Through analyzing the relationship between agricultural infrastructural investment and agricultural production in China, the paper argues that there exists a phenomenon of scarcity of total investment and conflicting structural designs in China's agricultural infrastructural investment and it points out that the purpose of the investment in agricultural infrastructure is to release the agricultural producing potential, without causing increase in new products. At the same time, through analyzing investment methods in agricultural infrastructure in China, the paper explains the financing means and methods should be developed on the basis of strengthening the investment of the government.


Plants that can absorb and tolerate high concentrations of metals—so-called hyperaccumulators—offer a promising approach to bioremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals. But plants aren't easily engineered, have a long life cycle, and may require growing conditions that are difficult to maintain. To sidestep some of these challenges, Angela M. Belcher, George L. Sun, and Erin E. Reynolds of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology turned to yeast. Because it's eukaryotic, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a metal transport system similar to the one in plants. But because it's single celled, yeast is easily engineered. The MIT researchers turned yeast cells into hyperaccumulators by making the cells express large quantities of metal transporter proteins, some of which take up metals from the environment and some of which move the metals into vacuoles in the cell (Nat. Commun. 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13093-6). The team designed metal transporters to be selective for various metals.


Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between polymorphism of circadian locomotor output cycle kaput (CLOCK) gene rs4864548 A/G and susceptibility of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A total of 296 unrelated AD patients and 423 control subjects were enrolled in the case-control study. Genotypes of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and CLOCK gene rs4864548 A/G were determined by a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism detection method. Our results showed that in the whole sample or APOE ε 4 non-carriers, prevalence of A carriers in CLOCK gene rs4864548 A/G in AD patients was remarkably higher than that in control subjects (in the whole sample: χ2 = 47.614, p < 0.0001; in APOE ε 4 non-carriers: χ2 = 22.493, p < 0.0001). However, among APOE ε 4 carriers, the difference in the prevalence of A carriers in CLOCK gene rs4864548 A/G between AD patients and controls was no statistically significant (χ2 = 0.669, p = 0.379). These findings demonstrate that A carriers in CLOCK gene rs 4864548 A/G were closely related to a high susceptibility of AD among APOE ε 4 non-carriers while the functional polymorphism of CLOCK gene rs4864548 A/G was not associated with the susceptibility of AD among APOE ε 4 carriers.


As there are reports in the literature (1 a-d, 2) that highly purified gelatin is non-antigenic, this substance and some of its chemical derivatives have been suggested and tested as possible blood plasma expanders (3). One of the gelatin derivatives which has been proposed is oxypolygelatin (OPG) 1 (4). The recent observations of Kabat and Berg (5) and Maurer (6) that dextran, another plasma expander, although non-antigenic in the rabbit, is a good antigen in man led to the testing of the antigenicity of OPG in man. The results presented in this paper show that gelatin and its derivatives indeed are antigenic in man. The quantitative immunochemical data used to support this thesis and some of the implications of these findings in man will be the subject of this first paper.


Forward Michael Domjan Section 1: Introduction and Historical Significance 1. Introduction Steve Reilly and Todd R. Schachtman 2. The Origins of Conditioned Taste Aversion Learning: An Historical Analysis Kevin B. Freeman and Anthony L. Riley Section II: Behavioral Processes 3. Conditioned Taste Aversion and Latent Inhibition: A Review Robert E. Lubow 4. Preexposure to the US in Nausea-Based Aversion Learning Geoffrey Hall 5. Drug-induced Suppression of CS intake: Reward, Aversion, and Addiction Patricia Sue Grigson, Robert C. Twining, Christopher S. Freet, Robert A. Wheeler, and Rastafa I. Geddes 6. Conditioned Disgust, but Not Conditioned Taste Avoidance, May Reflect Conditioned Nausea in Rats Linda A. Parker, Cheryl L. Limebeer, and Shadna A. Rana 7. Memory Phenomena and CTA Susanne M. Meehan and David C. Riccio 8. Postconditioning Event Manipulations on Processing of the Target CS in CTA Todd R. Schachtman, Ashley Ramsey, and Oskar Pineno 9. Conditioned Taste Aversion Based on Running or Swimming Robert A. Boakes and Sadahiko Nakajima 10. Mechanisms of Overshadowing and Potentiation in Flavor-Aversion Conditioning W. Robert Batsell, Jr. and Gayla Y. Paschall 11. Representation-Mediated Food Aversions Peter C. Holland and Daniel S. Wheeler 12. Strain Differences in Taste Aversion Learning: Implications for Animal Models of Drug Abuse Anthony L. Riley, Catherine M. Davis, and Peter G. Roma 13. Taste, Disgust and Value: Taste Aversion Learning and Outcome Encoding in Instrumental Conditioning Bernard W. Balleine 14. Conditioned Taste Aversion Across the Lifespan from Prenascence to Senescence James R. Misanin, Matthew J. Anderson, and Charles F. Hinderliter Section III: Neural Analysis and Physiological Mechanisms 15. Central Gustatory System Lesions and Conditioned Taste Aversion Steve Reilly 16. Mapping Conditioned Taste Aversion Associations through Patterns of cFos Expression Ilene L. Bernstein, Emily E. Wilkins, and Sabiha K. Barot 17. Molecular Mechanisms of Taste Learning in the Insular Cortex and Amygdala Liza Barki-Harrington, Katya Belelovsky, Guy Doron, and Kobi Rosenblum 18. Hormonal Modulation of Conditioned Taste Avoidance: The Role of Estradiol Kathleen C. Chambers and Houri Hintiryan 19. Genetic Influences on Conditioned Taste Aversion Christopher L. Cunningham, Christina M. Gremel, and Peter A. Groblewski 20. Conditioned Taste Aversion Induced by Exposure to High Strength Static Magnetic Fields Thomas A. Houpt and James C. Smith Section IV: Clinical Application of Research and Target Populations 21. Chemical Aversion Treatment of Alcoholism Sam Revusky 22. Taste-Immune Associative Learning Gustavo Pacheco-Lopez, Harald Engler, Maj-Britt Niemi, and Manfred Schedlowski 23. Taste Aversions in Pregnancy Tracy M. Bayley , Louise Dye, and Andrew J. Hill 24. Role of Conditioned Taste Aversion on the Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Cancer Patients Giuseppe Scalera and Mario Bavieri


We aimed to evaluate the effect of light type  in vitro culture of Eugenia involucrata. The treatments consisted of growing the species under light emitting diodes (LEDs) of different color spectra and fluorescent lamps. The highest average of plants establishment in the cultures under white and blue LEDs; under blue and fluorescent lamps, we registered the largest number of leaves; under blue, the largest number of shoots and under white, less bacteria contamination. When plants were under green LEDs, we obtained the worst results. Blue, red and white LEDs and fluorescent lamps influence positively in vitro propagation of E. involucrata.


The manuscript presents the model of the exhaust gas flow through the exhaust gas duct of the marine 4-stroke engine. Presented model are computational fluid dynamic model based on dimensions and the construction of the real exhaust gas duct. The measurement parameters from real object are used to the model validation. The simulation of the exhaust gas duct throttling by rotational throttling plate was done. Obtained calculation results allow to determination of the exhaust gas mass flow for the simulated flow characteristics. The model of turbulence flow was taken into account. The gravity forces and the heat transfer phenomena were neglected. Obtained calculation results are qualitatively consistent with results obtained from literature. The analyze of the velocity distribution in the exhaust gas duct allows to conclusion that the changes of the angular position of the throttling plate causes significant disturbances in the exhaust gas flow. The result of this is the decrease of the exhaust gas flow. Additional purpose of the manuscript was approximation of the obtained results of the exhaust gas flow for different angular positions of the throttling plate. Obtained polynomial function may be useful tool to modeling the combustion process in the engine cylinders for the different flow characteristics of the exhaust gas duct. The calculation results allow to determination the mass flow of the exhaust gas with mean error equal 11%.


Chinese companies have become major technology producers, with the largest shares of their output exported. This paper examines the development of solar PV and wind energy technology component (WETC) exports from China and the competitive position of the country's renewable energy industry. We also describe the government's renewable energy policy and its success in renewable electricity generation as well as increasing renewable energy innovation and foreign knowledge accumulation, which may drive export performance. We aim at empirically identifying determinants of Chinese solar PV and WETC exports. We estimate a gravity trade model using maximum likelihood estimation. Besides controlling for standard variables, we consider additional explanatory factors by accounting for market, policy and innovation effects steaming from both importing countries and China. We use a panel dataset representing bilateral trade flows of 43 developed and developing countries that imported solar PV and WETCs from China between 1996 and 2008. Empirical results indicate that high income countries, with large renewable energy markets and demand side policy support schemes, in terms of incentive tariffs, are increasingly importing Chinese solar PV components. We show that trade costs have a negative impact on exports of solar PV components but not WETC. Additionally, we find a positive impact of research and development appropriation growth, especially from provincial governments in China, but no evidence that bilateral knowledge transfer and indigenous innovation affect exports.


The author analyses the enterprise system of "Knowledge is fundamental" in knowledge society and sets forth the concepts of "tangible value"and"non-tangible value"-fractionize the traditional capital elements and the laboring elements, separate knowledge capital and knowledge laboring, which are endowed with relevant distribution forms. The article is also concerned about how these enterprises set up their shares dynamic distribution and authority dynamic distribution and discusses the ivevitability, feasibility and advantages of "Distribution according to knowledge".


The issue of providing fuel and energy resources to the population depends to a large extent on the wear of thermal networks, as well as heat-generating equipment, which, accordingly, forces the consumer to abandon the centralized heating supply in favor of decentralized supply. However, low-power heat-generating units for autonomous consumers do not most of the time operate under the rated mode.

The most promising way to solve the issue of energy conservation is to improve the utilization rate of fuel and energy resources in heat-generating units for decentralized heating systems that operate under non-stationary regimes.

An experimental study of the velocity field of interaction between the coaxial axial direct-flow and external swirling jets has established that the performance efficiency of a heat-generating plant at a change in the thermal load could be improved by controlling the resulting velocity field. For a more even distribution of temperature within the furnace volume, it has been proposed to supply fuel with an oxidizer in the furnace by the axial direct-flow and swirling coaxial jets.

It was revealed that at a distance of 2 diameters of the axial branch pipe from the cut there occurs a transverse toroidal vortex. The appearance of such a vortex is explained by the emergence of low-pressure regions due to the different angles of opening of the swirling outer jet and axial direct-flow jet. The considered dependence of change in the gas flow rate at a decrease in power has demonstrated that the gas flow rate in the proposed burner is less than that in analogs (vortex burner or direct-flow burner) by 10‒15 % when the power of the burner is reduced. At the same time, the specified advantage is limited to the range of the burner's power of 50‒130 kW.

The results reported confirm the possibility of controlling the velocity field and temperature distribution when the total fuel and oxidizer flow rate changes within the operational range of low-power heat-generating plants. The correspondence between the temperature field and the velocity field in the interaction of non-isothermal jets has also been shown


Informative Report No. 11 dealing with the air pollution potential of phthalic anhydride manufacture is one of a series of survey reports prepared by APCA's TI-2 Chemical Committee on air pollution problems and control measures encountered in the chemical industry today. Phthalic anhydride, typical of those intermediate synthetic organics produced for and used in the manufacture of many consumer products, is used in the production of paints, plastics, and synthetic resins.


The decade of the 1980s might well have been designated "The Decade for Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) Research." These highly energetic regions where air, ice, and water intermingle and interact thermodynamically and dynamically have undergone an unprecedented amount of study during this past decade. Relevant major programs have included the Office of Naval Research-sponsored Marginal Ice Zone Experiment (MIZEX) West and East experiments, the Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment (CEAREX) in the Arctic, and the National Science Foundation-sponsored Antarctic Marine Ecosystem Research in the Ice Edge Zone (AMERIEZ) program in the Antarctic. There have been a host of smaller experiments as well.


Do employers have an inalienable right to look over employees' shoulders as they work on PCs and access the Internet?


This paper presents a single phase cascaded multilevel inverter for solar PV (SPV) grid interfaced systems. The proposed inverter consists of two H-bridge voltage source inverters (VSC) connected in cascade and are fed by a single solar photovoltaic array. Both the H-bridge VSC are connected to cascaded transformers, secondary windings of which are in ternary ratio such that 9 voltage levels are achieved. To control the proposed system, a simple decoupled current controller with an incremental conductance maximum power point tracking method is used. Both steady state and dynamic performance results in MATLAB Simulink are studied to verify the proposed system design and control algorithm.


In recent years,the RMB exchange rate issue is becoming a hot focus for the international community.On the one hand,the major international trading partners like US have put much pressure on RMB appreciation.On the other hand,the economic growth in China is not very steady and the formation mechanism of RMB exchange rate is not mature at this stage.So how to choose the right foreign exchange policy becomes a very important issue for the regulator and the currency authority.This paper uses the co-integration test method based on the 2000-2009 historical data to get the long term equilibrium RMB exchange rate.And then do the comparison with the real historical exchange rate to find the difference and the reason behind this.Finally,the paper makes a suggestion for the currency authority based on the findings and analysis.


Hannah Arendt's concept of natality is by common consent one of her most numinous contributions to political philosophy. Arendt introduces the idea in the course of her attempt to draw out the significance of the ever-present possibility that someone, somewhere, sometime might say or do something that makes possible a fresh start in the realm of human affairs (Arendt 1958, 247). She characterizes this ineradicable possibility as nothing less than "the miracle that saves the world" from the ruin to which it is otherwise subject. The greatest symbol of this possibility—"its most glorious and succinct expression," Arendt says—is the Christian Gospels' announcement of "glad tidings": "A child has been born unto us." It is this Christian figuration of the miraculous through the image of the newborn that gives Arendt the term "natality."


A crude oil has been placed on the sea, or if the natural gas wicking steel pipe is broken, provides a method of closing the oil flowing out from the steel pipe. A case of the oil country tubular goods 4 deep sea has been broken in the sea, at about half the diameter of the steel pipe 4 than the pores 5 of the broken portion of the steel pipe 4, the synthesis of long with suspended reticulated disc 8 at its distal end after the insertion tube 6 of non-magnetic material of a resin or the like is still inserted to a predetermined depth, falling dispersed apart dozens millimeter magnet particles such as from a diameter of several millimeter from the upper opening 7 of the insertion tube 6 is, by Fuchaku by the magnetic force on the inner surface of the steel pipe 4 in the vicinity of the tip of the reticular disc 8 of the insertion tube 6 also the mass by bonding together, after suppressing the seep of oil Thus, the top opening 7 of the insertion tube 6 It was to close the gush of oil or the like is cured by injecting more concrete. .FIELD 1


Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Like any chronic disease, the clinical process of COPD affects the patient's life. Currently, clinical processes are inefficient, causing a loss of quality of life for patients and a high economic increase in the costs borne by family members, health systems and society. This paper presents a new approach to the redesign of the process for the management of COPD based on the use of the strategy of continuous improvement Business Process Management. This approach aims to improve the efficiency of the management of chronic diseases such as COPD, while achieving a higher quality of life and patient satisfaction.


The diplomatic thoughts have been changed during the period of emperor Zhao Kungyi of Song Dynasty,from initiative attach to control through conciliation and mainly prevent.Zhang Ji secured the official position,from Jishizhong to Cenzhizhengshi,he took part in the important political activities in Song Dynasty,and he made several oral presentation to the emperor,expressed his negative foreign defensive ideas.Zhang Ji put forward to defense against foreign attack,not chase the enemy in the diplomatic mode;he thought internal affairs was the first in the internal affairs and foreign affairs;he advised to abandon field and compromise in the war of Western Xia and Song Dynasty.Zhang Ji's idealism of the negative defense influenced the diplomatic thoughts at the second emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty and the latter.


Objective To express the core protein (Gag) of HIV-1 subtype C and lay a foundation of diagnosis of HIV infection and development of HIV vaccine.Methods The Gag gene fragment of HIV-1 was amplified by PCR,inserted downstream to the tac promoter of prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-5X-1.The constructed recombinant plasmid was transformed to E.coli BL21(DE3) for expression under induction of IPTG.The expressed product was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Results The GST fusion protein,with a relative molecular weight of 82 000,was expressed in E.coli and recognized by McAb to p24.Conclusion Recombinant Gag protein was effectively expressed in E.coli and showed good antigenicity.The expressed protein might be used for the detection of HIV infection and the study on immunization in animals.


The main goal of the present paper is to study and prove some results of fixedpoints for mappings satisfying different conditions in fuzzy soft G-metric spaces.


Abstract Three series of catalysts, Ni/Al2O3-SiO2, Ni/Al2O3-Cr2O3 and Ni/SiO2-Cr2O3, were prepared by co-precipitation. In all samples the nickel content was kept constant at 70 at.% Ni, while the support composition was varied. The nickel surface areas, which are required to measure the specific catalytic activities, were determined by hydrogen chemisorption. In the case of the single oxide supported nickel catalysts, the order of the specific catalytic activity values was: Ni/Cr2O3<Ni/Al2O3<Ni/SiO2. The specific catalytic activity of the Ni/Al2O3-SiO2 samples, as a function of the support composition, follows approximately the weighted sum of the specific activities of the single oxide supported nickel catalysts. The specific catalytic activity value of the Ni/Al2O3-Cr2O3 and Ni/SiO2-Cr2O3 samples more closely resembled that of Ni/Cr2O3 catalyst. The presence on chromia surface of the chromic anhydride and its tendency to spread onto are supposed to be the cause of this behaviour. Due to their enhanced ...


Abstract Processes were investigated for the copolymerization of butadiene and isoprene, with the catalyst systems: aluminum triisobutyl/TiCl4 and aluminum diisobutyl chloride/cobalt chloride, complexed with ethyl alcohol. From study of the properties of the resulting polymers, and of butadiene/ isoprene homopolymer mixtures, it was established that in the presence of the cited catalysts, genuine copolymers were in fact obtained from the mixtures of isoprene and butadiene. Constants were determined for the copolymerization of butadiene and isoprene, in presence of the indicated catalysts, by tracer techniques.


The oblique impact of a cylindrical projectile onto a spaced armor target is approximated using two-dimensional elastic-plastic Eulerian and Lagrangian stress wave propagation computer programs. Penetration of the first two armor layers by a tungsten alloy projectile is calculated for a number of different conditions to indicate the effects of varying the armor and projectile yield stress, interface friction and the iron ..cap alpha.. reversible epsilon phase change. Results are summarized by examining changes in projectile residual velocity, projectile rotation and final projectile shape. Calculations with a constant target areal density are also included for a depleted uranium projectile to illustrate the effects of realistic changes in target impedance and strength.


This study examines the impact of National Defense Education Act (NDEA)-sponsored programs on current counselor educators. Questionnaires were sent to half of all counselor educators listed as teaching three-fourths time or more in a counselor education program. NDEA- and non-NDEA-sponsored respondents are compared in terms of demographic variables, professional productivity leadership measures, and perception of NDEA impact.


Information security has become increasingly important with the rapid development of mobile devices and internet. An efficient encryption system is a key to this end. In this paper, we propose an image encryption method based on the cross diffusion of two chaotic maps. We use two chaotic sequences, namely the Logistic map and the Chebyshev map, for key generation which has larger security key space than single one. Moreover, we use these two sequences for further image encryption diffusion which decreases the correlation of neighboring pixels significantly. We conduct extensive experiments on several well-known images like Lena, Baboon, Koala, etc. Experimental results show that our algorithm has the characteristics of large key space, fast, robust to statistic attack, etc.


We report a case of a 38-year old woman with a history of ulcerative colitis and Graves' disease who presented with pyoderma gangrenosum, microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, and positive myeloperoxidase ANCA. A renal biopsy revealed a focal proliferative glomerulonephritis with IgA deposits. All these manifestations are likely secondary to ulcerative colitis or to a common pathogenetic mechanism.


It is said that ultrasonic energy is effective in reducing retentive forces of dowels cemented to root canals. However, it is still not clear to what degree the retentive forces actually become reduced. Therefore, we started to measure retentive forces of dowels after applying of ultrasonic vibration. In this study, four kinds of cement, zinc-phosphate cement, carboxylate cement, glassionomer cement, adhesive resin cement, were used.Results were as follows:1. The retentive forces of dowels become 1/3-1/2 values after 3min. Ultrasonic vibration, except when the adhesive resin cement was used. Glassionomer cement showed the highest reduction rate, and zinc-phosphate cement and carboxylate cement followed it. Adhesive resin cement indicated the lowest reduction rate.2. Until the first 1.5min. vibration, the reduction rate of glassionomer cement was actually lower than that of zinc-phosphate cement and carboxylate cement. Glassionomer cement could be considerably resist until the occurrence of the initial crack of cement, but after that the destruction would progress very quickly.3. Dowels cemented with zinc-phosphate cement could be easily removed by adding 5-10 min. vibration with an aid of some auxiliary tools.


Fire control system(FCS) is becoming more and more important in the tank weapon system with the increasing requirements of weapons in the modern warfare.Mechanic mirror and gun synchronization is an important tactical and technical specification in manual operating mode for the tank weapon system.Synchronizing precision directly influences firing accuracy in manual operating mode.Quadric crank mechanism is widespread in the mechanism of mirror and gun synchronization.This paper presents principle of the quadric crank mechanism in the mirror and gun synchronization,analyzes transfer precision,proposes a simple method to assemble and adjust the quadric crank mechanism.


The present article first theoretically defines the term "resilience" from the clinical psychoanalytic standpoint, in view of differentiating normal development from pathological development following trauma. It then formalize two essential processes underlying resilience: mentalization and the ability to identify a developmental tutor . We studied two Romanian 12-year-old twin girls who exhibit opposing adaptations following multiple, cumulative traumas (premature birth, early severe deficiencies, parental maltreatment, parental abdication and abandonment). The study is a projective clinical study that uses a pluridimensional methodology (interviews, storytelling test, Rorschach test, and house-drawing test). The clinical data obtained clearly demonstrate the importance of two major axes in accounting for resilience or maladjustment in the face of trauma.


In this paper, we introduce the notions of Wijsman regularly invariant convergence types, Wijsman regularly (Iσ , Iσ 2 )-convergence, Wijsman regularly (I∗ σ , Iσ∗ 2 )-convergence, Wijsman regularly (Iσ , Iσ 2 ) -Cauchy double sequence and Wijsman regularly (I∗ σ , Iσ∗ 2 )-Cauchy double sequence of sets. Also, we investigate the relationships among this new notions. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification : 40A05, 40A35.


The invention discloses a current reference source irrelevant to power supply, which is used for producing a current reference source irrelevant to the power supply. The circuit structure of the current reference source at least comprises a mirror image circuit composed of a resister (Rs) and four field effect tubes (M1, M2, M3, M4); a mirror image current branch circuit is also arranged outside the mirror image circuit; and the current of the branch circuit flows into the resister (Rs). The invention modifies the traditional current reference source circuit irrelevant to the power supply, and the deduced current formula has one more adjustable variable, thereby having one more factor for determining the reference current and being capable of designing freely. In particular, the formula can be used for drawing the conclusion that a low reference current can be easily obtained by adding one current mirror image branch circuit without increasing the breadth length ratio and the resistance value of the NMOS.


Based on the runoff plots located in Yanggao County,Shanxi Province and the field data observed in 2005-2009,effects of different forest and grass vegetation,including fish-scale pit Caragana Korshinskii,fish-scale pit Hippophae rhamnoides,fish-scale pit Pinus tabulaeformis,wasteland and Medicago sativa on soil and water conservation and soil moisture in Loess hilly area in northern Shanxi were investigated.The results showed that compared with bare land,forest and grass vegetation could control soil and water losses effectively,Caragana Korshinskii,Hippophae rhamnoides and Pinus tabulaeform combined with fish-scale Pit reduced the runoff by 84.7%-96.0% and reduced sediment by 95.2%-99.7% during 5 years,effects of wasteland and Medicago sativa on soil and water losses increased effectively from the third and fourth years,with the runoff reduction rate of 82.8% and 91.2%,and the sediment reduction rate of 97.0% and 98.0% respectively in the fourth years;Coefficients of variation(CV) of soil moisture were ranged from 7.0-19.1% in different vegetation plots from April to September,and that of Pinus tabulaeform plot was the highest,Hippophae rhamnoides,Medicago sativa and Caragana Korshinskii were following,and wasteland and bare land were lower.Deficiency rates of soil water were ranged from 23.98%-52.66%,that were in the order Caragana Korshinskii Medicago sativa Pinus tabulaeform Hippophae rhamnoides wasteland bare land.Implying vegetation could decrease soil and water loss efficiently,also increase the variation and deficiency of soil moisture.


Abstract This paper describes some trends and issues in the application of information technology in organisations. Technology trends are outlined in the areas of computing power, telecommunications, networking, software and standards. Some trends in the applications of IT are described with respect to developments in information systems and office automation. Some differences in the likely role of IT in the industrialised and developing countries are discussed. The second half of the paper deals with issues in the management of IT applications in organisations, and issues are identified as being political, organisational and social in nature in addition to technical. A social systems framework is proposed for the analysis of these issues. Some specific IT issues are then discussed involving alternative stakeholder perspectives, the analysis of decision making processes, the process of consultation and communication and the organisational impacts of IT applications.


This study aimed to investigate the correlation between students' verbal aptitude and
inferential skill in reading as well as to analyze whether there is a possibility for low
verbal aptitude students to achieve high score in inferential skill test and identify the
factors that influence students' inferential skill in reading. Mixed method with sequential
explanatory design was used in this study. The population of this study is all tenth grade
students of SMAN 3 Mataram and 71 students from X MIPA PC and X MIPA 1 were
chosen as the sample by using purposive and random sampling technique. The data were
gathered from documentation, test and interview. Pearson Product Moment Correlation
was conducted to analyze the data with help SPSS 16.0 to ensure the manual calculation.
Based on the data analysis, it was found that the rXY is 0.651 and rtable at significant level
of 5% is 0.234 which means that rXY ≥ rtable with significant correlation 7.21 which is
higher than ttable (1.99495), so that there is strong significant correlation between students'
verbal aptitude and inferential skill in reading. Furthermore, there were 8 students or
11% with low verbal aptitude students but they achieved high score in inferential skill
which means there is a possibility for them to achieve high score in inferential skill, yet it
was not as high as high verbal aptitude students. According to the result of interview,
there are some factors that influence students' inferential skill such as age, motivation and
interest, background knowledge, topics' interest, working memory, language skills,
personality, learning styles, and extended English course.


Tsallis and Rényi entropy measures are two possible different generalizations of the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy (or Shannon's information) but are not generalizations of each others. It is however the Sharma-Mittal measure, which was already de-that provides one possible unification. We will show how this generalization that unifies Rényi and Tsallis entropy in a coherent picture naturally comes into being if the q-formalism of generalized logarithm and exponential functions is used, how together with Sharma-Mittal's measure another possible extension emerges which however does not obey a pseudo-additive law and lacks of other properties relevant for a generalized thermostatistics, and how the relation between all these information measures is best understood when described in terms of a particular logarithmic Kolmogorov-Nagumo average.


The percentage of older adults in the Australian population is predicted to increase from about IS at the end of this century to about 33 per cent by the year 2050. One anticipated consequence of this significant ageing of the population is that increasing numbers of older adults may be required in the workforce. Still, age discrimination in hiring places older adults at a disadvantage. Local measures of actual discrimination are needed in order to formulate appropriate policies and interventions to combat such negative attitudes. Evidence suggest that, contrary to employers perceptions, older adults are willing and able to work The Equal Opportunity Act and the waving of compulsory retirement protect older adults and enable them to file complaints in cases of unlawful discrimination. However, a rejected job applicant is unlikely to be told that he or she were rejected because they are to old thus leaving the person powerless to make a complaint. One method with which to measure actual discrimination is correspondence testing, which was used in the USA to measure actual age discrimination in hiring. It is suggested that the use of similar methodology in Western Australia would yield important information for both policy makers and researchers. Hiring Discrimination 3 Age Discrimination in Hiring Practices Issues related to population ageing are becoming increasingly prominent as we approach the 21 ~ century. The combination of medical advances that contribute to longevity together with the advancing age of the baby boom generation, and lower fertility rates of subsequent generations suggest that significantly greater numbers of older adults may be required in the workforce. A valid and important question, therefore, is how willing employers are to hire older adults. Studies of actual age discrimination in hiring practices against older adults are typically absent from the literature. There are, however, some areas that require further exploration prior to conducting a study of this topic. Ten areas relating to the rationale for a study of actual age discrimination in hiring practices against older adults were identified and are the subject of this paper. The first area in need of review is that of ageism and its roots in Australia. Understanding the origins of this negative attitude may facilitate better understanding of the current situation. The second area relates to the relationship between ageism and sexism, as age discrimination may not have the same effect across gender, a point that should be considered if more substantial studies are to be undertaken. Third, data on predictions of population ageing and their social, psychological, and economic ramifications would provide an indication of the importance of investigations in the area of age discrimination in hiring practices. The willingness of older adults to work and the importance of work to them are the next issues. The next area to be explored relates to the health and performance abilities Hiring Discrimtna.tion 4 of older adults. This is important because if it is found that older adults are less capable of working than younger people, then an investigation of age discrimination in hiring is less relevant. The sixth area explores research and literature related to older adults in the workforce, and reviews issues such as employers' and employees' perceptions of the relationship between age and employment and other issues related to aging and work. This area is important because it provides knowledge of the field in which age discrimination in hiring against older adults would occur. Governmental policies that were formulated to combat age discrimination in employment in Australia, and in some other countries, form the seventh area reviewed. The eighth subject of review relates to possible methods of investigation by which to assess actual discrimination. Previous research measuring actual age discrimination in hiring practices will be the ninth area reviewed. In conclusion, the feasibility of employing similar methodology for research in Western Australia, and the importance of the results of such research, for both policy makers and researchers, will be discussed. Ageism. Ageism is defined as discrimination against people simply because they belong to a particular age group (Cavanaugh, 1997). Hence, ageism can be targeted at the young as well as the old. The subject ofthis paper, however, is ageism in hiring practices targeted at older adults. Davison (1995) suggested that ageism in Australia has its roots in the colonial era when most migrants were younger than 30 years of age. Hence, there were hardly any older adults among the original settlers. During the gold rush, people over 50 Hiring Discrimination 5 were considered old as they were run down due to long periods of physical work in the mines (Davison, 1995) Further, Australia enjoyed the image of the young country as contrasted with the old country of Britain (Davison, 1995 }. Another precursor of ageism is the image of older adults depicted by Australian literature as physically impaired and feeble minded (Davison, 1995). Thus, ageism is embedded in Australian culture and ageist attitudes are formed through both socialisation and education. The age at which one is considered old is linked to the time of leaving the work force (Ranford, 1987; Walker, 1997). The widely held notion of the age of65 as the cut off point for exiting the work force finds its roots in the days of chancellor Otto Von Bismark, who proposed that every worker would be cared for by the state once they reached the age of 65 (Ranford, 1987). Whilst this may seem generou,, very few people lived to the age of 65 in those days. It is, therefore, important to recognise that the convea1tion of age 65 as the age of retirement is not related to loss of abilities or performance but is a tradition inherited from days past. The notion of a cut off point for exiting the workforce promotes stereotypes and facilitates for ageism. Whilst it is important to note that mandatory retirement was waived in Western Australia in 1995 (Age Discrimination Guidelines, 1998), the stereotype of 'old' as related to age 65 will probably linger in peoples' minds for some time yet. Butler (1980) suggested that ageism mostly results from ao unconscious process that is deeply rooted in western societies. Perdue aod Gurtmao (1990) conducted two studies that investigated the automaticity of ageism. In the first, participants were asked to rate positive and negative adjectives as more typical of a 'young' or an 'old' hypothetical person. The results showed more negative descriptors were attributed to 'old' than to Hiring Discrimination 6 'young' (Perdue & Gurtman, 1990). In the second study, participants were requested to categorise adjectives as positive or negative. The presentation of each adjective was preceded by either the word "old" or "young" being flashed so that no conscious awareness of it occurred. The results showed that response times for negative descriptors were faster when primed by the word "oldn and positive adjectives yielded faster reaction times when primed by the word "young" (Perdue & Gurtman, 1990). Whilst cultural biases may limit generalisability of such findings, they nevertheless demonstrate the unconscious (automatic) negative connotations associated with older persons. Thus, regardless of whether an older person was compared to a younger one or presented in isolation, 'old' was shown to be associated with negative perceptions. This issue may be important in the investigation of ageism in hiring practices for it would suggest that, regardless of any job related merits, older applicants would be automatically disadvantaged. Ageism and sexism. As far as employability is concerned, women age sooner than men (Rife, 1992; Rodeheaver, 1992). That is, a middle aged woman is perceived as significantly less attractive than a younger woman and is thus less likely to be hired, whereas a middle aged man's appearance is not affected to such a degree (Rodeheaver, 1990). The perception of some jobs as 'masculine' and others as 'feminine' promotes employment segregation of men and women due to the perceived nature of jobs (Lambert and Petridis, 1994; Rodeheaver, 1992; Sargent, 1994). Onyx (1998) suggested that: older women suffer from both sexism and ageism and may thus be discriminated against to a greater Hiring Discrimination 7 extent than both younger women and older men. Thus, older women are disadvantaged when competing against either younger women, younger men, or men of a similar age to their own. Poststructuralist theory suggests that although most companies and organisations try to maintain sex neutral attitudes and policies, this is not the case in practice (Zajdow, 1995). Poststructuralist theory proposes that the workforce is a male dominated area and that heterosexual preferences influence hiring practices and on the job relatioas (Sargent, 1994; Zajdow, 199o). Thus, an interaction between age and gender leading to older women being least favoured by potential employers is quite likely. In a study conducted by Benokraitis (1987) regarding work prospects of older women, 52 per cent of older women respondents reported experiences of age discrimination in job interviews. Having their job applications rejected affected older women to a greater degree than it did men of similar age (Rife, 1992). Whilst men attributed rejections to market place circumstances, older females blamed themselves and believed they lacked the skills necessary to get the job (Rife, 1992). This reaction on the part of the older females reduced their job search self-efficacy and thus increased the likelihood that they would abandon their job seeking (Rife, 1992). Older women were also more prone to depression than were men, suffered from lower self-esteem and self-worth, all as a result of rejection of their job applications (Rife, 1992). Thus, not only were


Two-stroke crosshead engine the piston ring and / or piston is provided with running-in layer (32,37,40,42) whose radially outer surface has a thickness in the radial direction of at least 0.1mm, and is so made of a material, the material having 5 to 60% solid lubricant, such as graphite, and 40 to 95% binder metal, such as Ni, Al, Si, may also be up to 15% organic binder . Macro-hardness is less than the running-in layer 300HV30. Running-in layer so that the engine may reach full capacity in the aggregate up to three hours after the starting time of operation.


Connectivity does not automatically provide NEC, but there is no NEC without connectivity. The integration of UCSs into a C2 network can significantly reduce the amount of voice communication needed to coordinate and synchronize events. The integration of UCSs into an ATMnetwork provides the basis for UAV operations in future controlled airspace, as foreseen in NEXTGEN and SESAR. By taking advantage of existing technologies which are not yet fully exploited and taking into account the similarities with related developments in civil aviation, an evolutionary approach for the integration of a UCS with ATC and C2 systems is being pursued. When starting to tie together systems that were not designed with the envisioned networking concept in mind, the resulting connectivity that can be achieved may be more limited than desired. Yet, it often allows the NEC level to be increased from 1 to at least 2. In order to identify feasible opportunities, it is important to understand the possibilities and limitations for a particular configuration. To explore NEC for UAV missions, existing connectivity together with wrappers, linkages and fillers has been used to create a simulation environment in which C2, ATC and a UCS are integrated. In this way, the opportunities can be explored for a range of possible configurations in terms of connectivity and functions. The results illustrate that the opportunities which can be realized using existing connectivity already provide significant operational benefits. Hence, it is concluded that waiting with the development and implementation of functions that increase the NEC level until the 'promised' connectivity becomes available, will unnecessarily delay the moment at which
significant operational gains can be realized.


We examine the quantum discord between two spins in the exact ground state of finite spin-1/2 arrays with anisotropic XY couplings in a transverse field B. It is shown that in the vicinity of the factorizing field B{sub s}, the discord approaches a common finite non-negligible limit which is independent of the pair separation and the coupling range. An analytic expression of this limit is provided. The discord of a mixture of aligned pairs in two different directions, crucial for the previous results, is analyzed in detail, including the evaluation of coherence effects, relevant in small samples and responsible for a parity splitting at B{sub s}. Exact results for finite chains with first-neighbor and full-range couplings and their interpretation in terms of such mixtures are provided.


The goal of pain management has been sought after for many years, meaning people are constantly striving to improve function, enabling individuals to participate in day-today activities. One specific aspect of this field lies within the area inflammation. Various diseases such as rheumatic disease and arthritis cause a great deal of pain due to inflammation. For this reason, the mechanism of this disorder needed to be determined so anti-inflammatory drugs could be developed in order to aid individuals with such a disease. In the 1930's, the prostaglandin was determined to be a major component in pain and inflammation, allowing the mode of action of pain management to begin to take shape. Prostaglandins were discovered to be mediators in inflammation that can be found in virtually all tissues and organs. " They are autocrine and paracrine lipid mediators which act upon platelet, endothelium, uterine and mast cells among others. " 1 After this became known, the mechanism for these inflammation mediators was determined in order to try to find a way to inhibit the cycle. In doing this a fascinating enzyme was discovered called cyclooxygenase (otherwise known as COX) which would aid in their journey to anti-inflammatory drug discovery due to the fact that this enzyme catalyzes this conversion of arachidonic acid to PGG 2 , an vital step in the prostaglandin cycle. Now prostaglandins are synthesized in the cell from arachidonic acid. This component is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A 2 , which is activated by various stimuli.


Elephants are one of the heaviest mammals on the earth. It belongs to the family Elephantidae. The family is further divided into two genera; Loxodonta and Elephas. African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) both originated in sub-Saharan Africa. Further, the African elephant is divided into two subspecies, the savanna elephant Loxodonta africana africana and Loxodonta africana cyclotis (Poole, 1996). Asian elephants are different than their African counterparts in several aspects (smaller size, small ears, only some male Asian elephants have tusks). Elephants help maintain biodiversity of the ecosystems. However, African elephants are International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Summary Measles-protecting substances have been found in pooled ascites fluid and its globulin fraction in sufficient quantities to be of practical value. The efficiency in measles prophylaxis of 2 concentrates of pooled ascites fluid and of a globulin fraction was found proportional to the globulin content of each preparation.


Van Vleck's propagator is perhaps one of the most fundamental objects of semiclassical theory. Its Laplace transform gives the energy Green's function G(x, x', E), which is the starting point for the derivation of Gutzwiller trace formula. The validity of Van Vleck's formula for chaotic and mixed systems is therefore of crucial importance, especially since during the derivation of the trace formula it is assumed to be valid for infinite time. In the last two years there has been numerical evidence for the time-scale validity of the semiclas sical propagator when the underlying dynamics is chaotic. The time-scales were longer that previously predicted by Tabor et a!. An explanation for this long time validity based on the multidimensional stationary phase approximation was recently proposed by Sepiilveda Tomsovic-Heller. In this contribution we would like to review these recent results and comment on their implications in the energy domain and particularly in the validity of the trace formula.


Deep drawing process is one of the most commonly used Metal Forming Process within the industrial field. Different analytical, numerical, empirical and experimental methods have been developed in order to analyze it. In this paper deep drawing process with varying punch and die geometries are analysed. This work reports on the stages of finite element analysis (FEA) and simulations of a Deep drawing process. The obtained result allows to find optimum draw ratios in deep drawing.