T he United States is a nation where people are supposed to be able to rise above their origins. Those who want to succeed, it is believed, can do so with hard enough work and good enough eftbrt because the nation is founded on the principle of equality. Although equahty has historically been denied to many, there is now a legal framework in place that guarantees protection from discrimination and equal treatment for all citizens. Historic social movements, such as the civil rights movement and the feminist movement, raised people's consciousness about the rights of minority groups and women. Moreover, these iiKwements have generated new opportunities for multiple groups—^Africangendered (LGBT) peoples, and older people, to name some of the groups who have been beneficiaries of civil rights action and legislation. And, if you ask Americans if they support non-discrimination pohcies, the overwhelming number will say yes. Why, then, do race, class, and gender stiH matter? Race, class, and gender still matter because they continue to staicture society in ways that value some lives more than others. Currendy, some groups have more opportunities and resources, while other groups struggle. Race, class and gender I natter because diey remain the foundations for systems of power and inequality tliar, ticspitc our nation's diversity, continue to be among the most significant social l;icts ol']x-ople's lives. Thus, despite having removed the formal barriers to oppor-iniiiry, the United States is still highly stratified along lines of race, ckss, and gender.


Rape(Brassica napus) seeds were cultured in the solution containing diosgenin at diffe- rent concentrations.Effects of diosgenin on seed germination and seedling growth of rape are different with treatment concentrations,particularly at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L.Diosgenin enhanced the length of hypocotyls,increased the dry weight and fresh weight of leaf and stem,there were similar increases the activity of peroxidase,catalase and Ca 2+-ATPase in cotyledons. Diosgenin, therefore, may help rape seedlings to grow and metabolize.


This paper presents an example of how different field research techniques were combined to understand the demands placed on the human operator in the complex dynamic environment of an emergency ambulance control centre. Careful selection of techniques can ensure that particular kinds of information are gathered; the order in which techniques are applied can also improve both the quality of data gathered and the efficiency of data collection. This is particularly important when studying complex information systems where the risk of being overwhelmed by data is high. Qualitative and quantitative techniques can profitably be applied together and triangulated to give added confidence to findings.


AbstractThe impact of sea surface temperature (SST) bias correction on seasonal North Atlantic hurricane retrospective forecasts is examined with the Florida State University/Center for Ocean–Atmospheric Prediction Studies (FSU/COAPS) atmospheric global spectral model. The retrospective forecasts cover a 28-yr period (1982–2009). For each year of the retrospective forecast, two, four-member ensembles are developed using predicted SSTs from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Forecast System, version 1 (CFSv1), model. The first ensemble uses the SSTs forecasted from the CFSv1 model and the second ensemble uses the same SSTs with a simple bias correction applied. Seasonal hurricane counts determined using both SSTs are shown to have skill, although the skill is much greater using the bias-corrected SSTs. In addition, a positive significant trend in the hurricane counts is noted using the bias-corrected SSTs, in good agreement with observations while no significant trend is noted us...


The invention relates to a welding platform which comprises an arm (3) that is movably supported by a support element (2). Said arm (3) is linked with a drive device (15) via at least one lever system (10) and can be moved towards the support element (2) and away from the support element for opening and closing the platform (1). The components to be linked (40) are firmly pressed against one another during welding between a tension arm (17) and a tension element (16).


We performed [123I]FP-CIT/SPECT in 20 drug-naive Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, 10 with unilateral akinesia/rigidity at onset (arPD) and 10 with additional tremor-at-rest (tPD), to evaluate whether resting tremor at onset is associated with differences in striatal dopamine transporter binding. Patients of the two cohorts were matched for age, disease duration (<3 years) and severity of nontremor motor symptoms; 31 healthy participants served as controls. Mean striatal dopamine transporter binding reduction in PD patients vs. controls was 42% for arPD and 50% for tPD; mean ipsilateral striatum and caudate nucleus uptake values were lower by 12 and 24%, respectively, in tPD than arPD. We conclude that widespread degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway might be necessary for the development of parkinsonian tremor-at-rest.


readable outline of that law for all and sundry. The first edition, indeed, was speedily exhausted, and a new edition has been awaited with impatience. And now that this has appeared it is the more welcome for the fact that the opportunity has been taken to bring the relevant case law, in the main, down to 1951 (by adding references to 33 new cases) and to revise the text as a whole (by introducing a number of additions and amendments). There are, however, two causes for regret which detract, in some measure, from the value of this otherwise admirable book. The first concerns the Introduction, which the author (he tells us) ' almost decided to rewrite ' in view of Joseph Schacht's The origins of Muhammadan jurisprudence, but which he thought it ' more discreet' merely to revise, until others should ' justify or reject the theories of Schacht which, in the main, seem to be sound '. But the result is that Mr. Fyzee has fallen between two stools, and has succeeded neither in giving a consistent outline of the traditional view nor of the reconstruction which emerges from Professor Schacht's invaluable researches. The second matter for regret is that the author did not see fit, when eliminating a considerable number of inaccuracies or infelicities from his original text, to apply this treatment yet more widely and drastically. Thus it seems most unlikely that a pre-Islamic Arab could in fact ' dispose of all his property by will' and even ' cut off his nearest relations ' (p. 9) ; the claim that Islam is ' socialistic' appears to be inadequately supported by the fact that it ' divides the estate of a person after his death compulsorily and distributes it among his nearest relations ' (p. 11); and the phrase ' the Sunnite and the Shiite school' (sing.), together with a denial that there are any ' sects ' in Islam (p. 36), seems a travesty of the facts—as, indeed, is the attempt to reduce any confusion and inconsistency in the classical texts to ' occasional differences of opinion between the authorities concerned' (p. 66). Again, the treatment of the doctrine of ijma' (pp. 2, 18, 19, 24, etc.) makes no proper distinction between the consensus of the community and that of the jurists ; incorrectly asserts that Shafi'i ' perfected ' this doctrine ; claims that the Muslim doctors formulated this doctrine from the tradition that the Muslim community would never agree upon an error instead of recognizing that they fabricated the tradition (which was certainly unknown to Shafi'i) to support the doctrine; and leaves the mutual relations between qiyas and ijma' inadequately explained. Yet again, the differences between the law as applied in India and the pure Shari'a might well have been briefly explained in a number of contexts, such as the vesting of inheritance and the administration of an estate on death (pp. 321 ff.) ; the acknowledgment of paternity and certain other points concerning legitimacy (pp. 166 ff.); and even matters such as the use of Wan (p. 142), the rules regarding an ' absolute ' delegation of divorce (p. 134), and the duration of the 'idda of a wife widowed when pregnant (p. 90). Among slips which escaped correction are the alleged absence of any recognition of the doctrine of kafa'a in Malik! law (p. 92) ; the assertion that Hanafl jurists are particularly unfavourable to ' freedom of contract in marriage' (p. 105)—whereas, in fact, it is only the Hanballs who recognize a degree of freedom in this matter which all the other schools deny ; and the inheritance rights of the consanguine and uterine sisters when in competition with each other (p. 392). It must again be emphasized, however, that such minor defects can detract only in a very limited way from the value of what is essentially an admirably competent, lucid, and wellwritten outline of that law which may, perhaps, still be termed ' Anglo-Muhammadan '. And the format and printing are excellent.


List of IllustrationsPrefaceList of Abbreviations and Short TitlesList of Works by A.K. Coomaraswamy Cited in this Volume1Mind and Myth32Svayamatrrna: Janua Coeli63Imitation, Expression, and Participation624Atmayajna: Self-Sacrifice725A Figure of Speech or a Figure of Thought?1136The Nature of Buddhist Art1437An Indian Temple: The Kandarya Mahadeo1758Literary Symbolism1849The Symbolism of the Dome192Index243


Purpose: This study examine the factors that affect breastfeeding duration of working mothers. Method: This research was done in the healthy babies outpatient clinic of a university hospital and two family health centers. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews and electronic mail. The research sample comprised 120 mothers over 18 years old, with one healthy child who is 12-24 months old. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire. T-test, Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA analysis and Bon-ferroni advanced analysis methods were performed in data analysis. Results: The mothers whose income equaled to their expenditure excusively breastfeeding longer and had longer total breastfeeding duration than mothers who had higher income. The mothers who could milk expression in their workplace and had facilitating conditions for breastfeeding had longer duration of exclusively breastfeeding. The mothers who had high level of education, girls and who had friends to assist milking had longer total duration of breastfeeding than others. It was found out that the mother's age, mode of delivery, perception of spouse support, daily work hours and return to work time did not influence the duration of exclusively and total breastfeeding. Conclusion: Establishing appropriate conditions for the mothers to expression and storage their milk will result in lengthening their breastfeeding period.


Cornops aquaticum (Bruner, 1906) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) develops its life cycle on aquatic macrophyte of the Pontederiaceae family. As grasshoppers are able to respond to the seasonal changes, the alternation of periods that occurs in the Pantanal may reflect in their biology. This study was carried out in the Pantanal of Pocone- MT, with the aim of evaluating possible variations in the fresh weight of the adults and nymphs of C. aquaticum. From March/2006 to February/2007, 50 individuals of C. aquaticum were collected each month. A total of 600 individuals was assessed, 43.5% of which were adults and 56.5% nymphs. The highest values of total fresh weight occurred in September (9.106g; 0.182g/individual) and October/2006 (8.865g; 0.177g/individual) and the lowest in March/2006 (3.413g; 0.068g/individual). Among the adult individuals the highest fresh weight was registered in September/2006 (8.680g; 0.223g/individual) and October/2006 (8.654g; 0.234g/individual), at the end of the dry period, and the lowest in March/2006 (1.792g; 0.138g/individual) during the flood period. The nymphs had the highest fresh weight in April/2006 (2.913g; 0.076g/individual) at the beginning of the draining period, whereas the lowest fresh weight occurred in October/2006 (0.211g; 0.016g/individual) at the beginning of the flood period. Only the variation in the average fresh weight of females was significant (f = 6.43; p = 0.001) with the highest recordings occurring during the flood period, what may show a reproductive strategy.


This fresh air intake device for supplying a motor vehicle engine has an intake container (1) having a pipe-shaped portion (la) and a scoop (11). The latter has an inlet opening (16) to capture the fresh air. The inlet opening (16) is located on the upper face (11b) of the scoop (11) and the container (1) comprises a cover (5) interposed between the scoop (11) and the container the inlet (1).


This paper summarizes the method of benzoin condensation reaction, and studied the influence of benzoin yield under different ultrasonic frequency and phase transfer catalyst, Experiments prove that benzyltriethylammonium bromide is the best phase transfer catalyst in three catalysts and the benzoin yield increased with the increase of ultrasonic frequency.


In this study, we developed a novel method for the detection of Vibrio alginolyticus, utilizing the specific recognition of an aptamer for V. alginolyticus and signal amplification via hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and horseradish-peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The proposed HCR-based multivalent aptamer (multi-Apt) amplifier allows for sensitive detection of V. alginolyticus in a linear range from 10 to 107 CFU/mL. The linear equation is y = 747.5x + 126.2, R2 = 0.986, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 3 CFU/mL. Seawater and freshwater samples were utilized in the spike recovery experiment, yieldng a recovery rates ranging from 94.3% to 108.8%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for all samples is below 6.73%. Taken together, the proposed method has great potential for application in monitoring of V. alginolyticus in aquaculture environments.


This article describes the synthesis of a novel chiral surfactant based on (R,R)-tartaric acid. (R,R)-Tartaric acid is acetylated while simultaneously forming a cyclic anhydride, which is then reacted with n-decylamine forming a chiral, long chain carboxylic acid. This carboxylic acid is then further reacted with the achiral amino acid taurine forming the required surfactant which has a sulfonic acid headgroup. Evidence for its surface activity and an estimate of its critical micelle concentration (cmc) have been obtained using surface tension measurements and conductivity. The surfactant has then been used as the additive in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) to achieve chiral separations of compounds with multiple aromatic functionality. These separations are compared with those achieved with previously reported tartaric acid based surfactants which show a difference in selectivity. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This study aims to describe the stages of literary appreciation in digital literacy activities. This research used descriptive research with data collection techniques using the literature study. The output of this study is a description that literary appreciation activities can be applied in digital literacy activities that are currently carried out by many young people. This is useful as a support activity for literacy learning outside the classroom that can hone and develop literary appreciation skills to be more optimal. Keywords―Literary Appreciation, Digital Literacy


No discipline that affords a central evidential role to an unreliable source is in good standing. So if analytic philosophy affords a central evidential role to intuitions, then if intuitions are unreliable, then analytic philosophy is not in good standing.1 So much, I think, is uncontroversial. Some of the early critiques of traditional analytic methods by experimental philosophers assumed that analytic philosophy gives intuitions central roles, and, citing data that suggested that intuitions may be unreliable, argued on these grounds that analytic philosophy might not be in good standing. For example, in their famous paper alleging cross-cultural diversity with respect to epistemic intuitions, Weinberg et. al describe their target thus:


AbstractAccurate in situ measurements of oceanic bubble size distributions beneath breaking waves are needed for a better understanding of air–sea gas transfer and aerosol production processes. To achieve this goal, a novel high-resolution optical instrument for imaging oceanic bubbles was designed and built in 2013 for the High Wind Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS) campaign in the North Atlantic Ocean. The instrument is able to operate autonomously and can continuously capture high-resolution images at 15 frames per second over an 8-h deployment. The large number of images means that it is essential to use an automated processing algorithm to process these images. This paper describes an automated algorithm for processing oceanic images based on a robust feature extraction technique. The main advantages of this robust algorithm are it is significantly less sensitive to the noise and insusceptible to the background changes in illumination, can extract circular bubbles as small as one pixel (approximately 20 μ...


we the methodological of study the context of Ethical aspects of research on methodological four STIs into social, economic and political ramifications one students with a full introduction to data and information management. The topics include tools for collecting data; database concepts; data-entry techniques; queries of databases; data quality control; data cleaning, sharing, and reporting; database design; implementation and management of database systems. Hands-on exercises in medicine, biology, and public health are mainly practiced MS Access. Having taken this course, students will be able to design, implement and manage a database system for use in public health. Prerequisite(s): SPHU 1010 and 1020.


From January 1, 2019, a special tax regime in the form of a tax on professional income began to operate on the territory of the Russian Federation. This scientific work is devoted to the study of the mechanism of implementation of this tax regime, its key theoretical and practical features, the analysis of this phenomenon based on foreign experience and the history of its origin. The Institute of "self-employment" in the last few years has been one of the key institutions of tax law, attention to which has been riveted both by scientists and citizens of the countries in which it began to operate. The author considers the stages of the legislative implementation of this institute on the territory of the Russian Federation, an assessment of the institute under study is carried out, in addition, a number of debatable issues are put up for discussion.


Objective To research differentially expressive genes related with radiation induced tumors in mice. Methods A mouse leukemia model was induced by 60Co γ-ray irradiation and the cDNA library of differentially expressive genes between normal thymus and thymus tumor was established with suppressive subtractive hybridization. Positive clones were identified and studied respectively by DNA sequencing. Results A total of 102 positive clones were screened out by suppressive subtractive hybridization. After PCR for 30 randomly selected clones, 28 clones showed anticipated inserted cDNA sequence. These cDNA sequences represented 24 known genes including three repeatedly detected genes comparing with GeneBank database. Conclusions The cDNA library of differentially expressive genes related to radiation carcinogenesis was successfully established and 24 ascendingly expressive genes were screened out. This study will contribute to enrich the molecular mechanism of radiation carcinogenesis.;


The present invention relates to a door apparatus of a heating furnace, including: an open portion formed on the sides of the heating furnace; a door installment room funneled to the inside of the heating furnace to the outside of the open portion, and has an open hole portion on the bottom; a door for opening and closing the open hole portion; a skid beam installed inside the heating furnace to support a material; and a transfer beam for transferring the material supported by the skid beam to the outside through the open portion and open hole portion.


The deep tendon reflexes (and the abdominal reflexes) are important physical signs which have a special place in neurological diagnosis, particularly in early disease when they alone may be abnormal. They act as "hard" signs in situations where clinical assessment is complicated by patient anxiety, and become more useful as clinical experience develops.


A report into the death of Savita Halappanavar, described by Ireland's health minister as a "hard hitting report which spares nobody and doesn't pull any punches," identifies three main factors behind the death of the 31 year old dentist at University Hospital Galway last October.

The report published on 13 June by the Health Service Executive, does not name individuals but makes important recommendations aimed at clarifying the law and the medical handling of complicated obstetric emergencies, including sepsis, the cause of death of the woman, who was 17 weeks pregnant.1 2

The three factors identified by the investigation team, which the report labels key causal factors that led to Halappanavar's death, were:


We numerically investigate the properties of coherent femtosecond single electron wave packets photoemitted from nanotips in view of their application in ultrafast electron diffraction and non-destructive imaging with low-energy electrons. For two different geometries, we analyze the temporal and spatial broadening during propagation from the needle emitter to an anode, identifying the experimental parameters and challenges for realizing femtosecond time resolution. The simple tip-anode geometry is most versatile and allows for electron pulses of several ten of femtosecond duration using a very compact experimental design, however, providing very limited control over the electron beam collimation. A more sophisticated geometry comprising a suppressor-extractor electrostatic unit and a lens, similar to typical field emission electron microscope optics, is also investigated, allowing full control over the beam parameters. Using such a design, we find ∼230 fs pulses feasible in a focused electron beam. The m...


This paper implements a comprehensive study on the value of 139 initial public offering (IPO) firms in Shenzhen and Shanghai A-share stock market during January 2006 to December 2008. Empirical results reveal that earnings management and ownership retention jointly affect the equilibrium market valuation of IPO firms in the presence of information asymmetry. Specifically, this study extends the one-signal framework of Leland and Pyle (1977). In other words, we obtain an efficient two-signal equilibrium model in which earnings management and ownership retention go public acting as effective signals, conveying the information of IPO firm value to the market. This would help to transmit the IPO firm value in China stock market to rational investors, which in turn reinforces the equilibrium of the China stork market.


A novel architecture of spatial spring-loaded cable-loop-driven parallel mechanism is introduced in this paper. In this mechanism, cable-spool actuating systems and actuation redundancy are avoided. By attaching springs to the cable loops, three degrees of freedom for spatial displacement can be controlled using only three actuators. This paper presents the inverse kinematics, the static equilibrium equations and the workspace analysis. Because all these equations are obtained based on the cable segment lengths, many square roots appear in the equations. The boundary equations for different arrangements, i.e., preload, non-zero stiffness and external forces, are obtained separately in order to simplify the analysis. The boundary equations of each cable force for any situation can be obtained by combining the equations based on the matrix superposition principle. It is verified that the mechanism has a significantly large workspace within which the cables and the springs can be maintained in tension compared to a standard mechanism actuated with three motors.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


FOLLOWING a period of high mortality, unprecedented in the statistical record and exceeding 300 per 100,000 in 1877, the decline of diphtheria in Cleveland was heralded by a precipitate fall in the death rate in 1879. After 5 years at a level of about 180, a gradual decline commenced, which continued, with some interruptions, to 1909, when the rate was 12.4. In the succeeding 18 years, with the exception of 1924, higher rates were experienced. Then, after 1927, the decline was resumed and greatly accelerated. Since 1930 mortality has been at a very low level. In 1938 the rate was only 0.5, a reduction of 97 per cent from that of 1927. The number of cases reported in each year, since 1910, has varied directly with the number of deaths. Thus there has been no evidence of decreasing severity of the disease. The case fatality was 7.6 per cent for the period 1910-1914; 7.9 for 1915-1919; 8.2 for 1920-1924; 7.2 for 1925-1929; 7.0 for 1930-1934, and 8.5 for 1935-1938.


Invited for the cover of this issue are Enrique M. Arpa (Linköping University) and Inés Corral (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid). The image depicts two examples where pterin chemistry is relevant, the wing coloration of some butterflies and the cytotoxic action in vitiligo. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202300519.


Many recent works have explored using WiFi-based sensing to improve SLAM, robot manipulation, or exploration. Moreover, widespread availability makes WiFi the most advantageous RF signal to leverage. But WiFi sensors lack an accurate, tractable, and versatile toolbox, which hinders their widespread adoption with robot's sensor stacks. We develop WiROS to address this immediate need, furnishing many WiFi-related measurements as easy-to-consume ROS topics. Specifically, WiROS is a plug-and-play WiFi sensing toolbox providing access to coarse-grained WiFi signal strength (RSSI), fine-grained WiFi channel state information (CSI), and other MAC-layer information (device address, packet id's or frequency-channel information). Additionally, WiROS open-sources state-of-art algorithms to calibrate and process WiFi measurements to furnish accurate bearing information for received WiFi signals. The open-sourced repository is: https://github.com/ucsdwcsng/WiROS


Diabetic foot ulcers are common, difficult to manage and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The role of dressings in their management is important, requiring an understanding of dia...


Objective:To study the influence of Fuguan Injection Ⅰ in the apoptosis of rat skeletal muscle cells suffered limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods:After the rat models of ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury on the hind limbs were established,they were divided into group IR-2,group IR-4 and group IR-8 according to the respective reperfusion time.The same was done to Fuguan InjectionⅠ treated rats as group I-IR-2,group I-IR-4 and group I-IR-8.At the points of 12 hours before ischemia,right at ischemia and reperfusion time,intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml normal sodium and the same amount of Fuguan Injection Ⅰwas respectively given to the model groups and treatment groups.At each corresponding time point,1000 mg muscle from the middle of the right gastrocnemius was taken for fixation,dehydration,paraffin imbedding,immunohistochemistry staining for measuring the expression of Bax and Bcl-2.Results:(1)Eight hours within reperfusion injury,the grey levels of Bax at each time point decreased with time extension.They were remarkably higher in Fuguan Injection Ⅰ groups than IR groups at each time point except 2 hours(P0.05).(2)The same results were found in the expression of Bcl-2.(3)The ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax within 8 hours reperfusion injury increased the prolongation of time.There were statistical significant differences between IR groups and I-IR groups(P0.01),except between the two 2 hour groups(P0.05).Conclusion:Fuguan Injection Ⅰcan reduce the apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells and protect skeletal muscle suffered ischemia-reperfusion injury,which might be realized by lowering the expression of Bax and increasing the expression of Bcl-2.


Studies of a young child with Niemann-Pick disease (Crocker Group B category) revealed the presence of unique, chromogenic bodies occurring in association with the foamy histiocytes of the tissues. The bodies were readily observable in and outside of cells at the light microscopic level, and electron microscopy showed them to be analogous in structure to the smaller, previously described, cytosomal inclusions of the Niemann-Pick cell. Serial examination of all intracellular structures showed a distinctive pattern of morphologic origin, progression of development, and ultimate dissolution within the histiocyte as a final sequence. As the intracellular aspect of these bodies appeared to have a limited life, it is postulated that this dissolution capability could perhaps correlate with the patient's benign course thus far.


Psoriasis is a chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by excessive proliferation of keratinocytes. It has a strong genetic predisposition; gene‐gene interactions are important genetic models for common diseases. In this study, we explore pair‐wise interactions among SNPs contributing to psoriasis susceptibility.


Abstract : ALTPOD produces punched metric data for input to non-real time precision orbit determination program for both exoatmospheric and re-entry trajectory determination. ALTPOD automatically corrects the data for known biases and tropospheric refraction. Optional corrections for off-axis position and ionospheric refraction are available. Ionospheric refraction corrections should be applied when the target is in or above the ionosphere. Off-axis corrections should be made when the angular rates are sufficient to cause the antenna to lag. Range error, signal-to-noise ratio, and the standard deviations of range error and azimuth and elevation offsets are listed to help evaluate non-real time precision orbit determination program results.


A new routing algorithm is presented. It is based on a multiple star net model, force-directed placement and maze searching techniques. The algorithm inherits the power of maze routing in that it is able to route complex layouts with various obstructions. The large memory requirement of the conventional maze algorithm is alleviated through successive net refinement, which constrains the maze searching to small regions. The algorithm shows advantages in routing designs with complicated layout obstructions.


The palladium(II)-catalyzed β- and γ-alkynylation of amide C(sp3 )-H bonds is enabled by pyridine-based ligands. This alkynylation reaction is compatible with substrates containing α-tertiary or α-quaternary carbon centers. The β-methylene C(sp3 )-H bonds of various carbocyclic rings were also successfully alkynylated.


NHK is accelerating the development of "full-featured" 8K (RGB 4:4:4, 12-bit, 120-Hz, high dynamic range and wide color gamut) broadcasting equipment. We have developed a 60-Hz/120-Hz multi-format portable single-chip 8K camera system using a 133-megapixel CMOS image sensor. The weight of the camera head is less than one-seventh that of conventional three-chip camera systems and the size of the camera control unit (CCU) is reduced to 3U. It can use both commercial 35 mm full-frame lenses and Super 35 mm lenses by using lens adapters. It employs a compact 100 Gbps optical transceiver to transmit signals between the camera head and the CCU. In the 60-Hz operation, all the lines of the sensor are read progressively and a full-resolution 8K image is captured. In the 120-Hz operation, the even and odd lines in an 8K video domain are read alternatively every 1/120 second by a 2:1 inter-line scan, and line interpolation with local motion detection is performed to configure the 8K image. The modulation transfer function in vertical direction without motion was 40% at 3200 TV lines, which was the same as that in the 60-Hz operation. The signal-to-noise ratio of the 120-Hz inter-line video was 58 dB, which can be improved to 1 dB at the area without motion.


LiMn1.5Fe0.5O4 is synthesized using sol-gel method and annealed at 850°C for 24 hours. It is then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and charge discharge analysis. The bulk material are then proceed to further grinding to become nanosize. The nanosample is then characterized using XRD and charge discharge performance, and the specific capacities of the two materials are compared. nanosample of LiMn1.5Fe0.5O4 shows higher specific capacity which is 160.16 mAhg-1 compares to the bulk which gives only 128.663mAhg-1. This shows that with smaller particle size, the battery performance has improved in terms of its capacity.


Objectives:To study the effects of methoxsalen on the expression of melanogenesis associated enzymes of ame-lanotic melanocytes in outer root sheath of hair.Methods:Three different concentrations of methoxsalen were incubated with amelanotic melanocytes for24h,72h and120h respectively and the expression of tyrosinase,tyrosinase related protein-1and-2(TRP1and TRP2)was measured with laser scanning confocal microscopy.Results:Amelanotic melanocytes treated with50μmol/L,100μmol/L methoxsalen for3days could significantly increase the expression of tyrosinase(P0.01),and the levels of TRP1and TRP2were also elevated after incubation for7days(P0.05).Conclusion:methoxsalen could directly stimulate the activation of amelanotic melanocytes.


This paper studies the impact of prior investment experience in an industry on the subsequent purchase of new stocks in the same industry. Using trading records data for households at a large discount broker from 1991 to 1996, I establish that the experience of positive excess returns in a given industry increases the probability of purchasing similar stocks in that industry relative to other industries. This result is robust to industry momentum, wealth effects, and investor heterogeneity. The effect decays when the experience is further in the past. Furthermore, I find that investor sophistication mitigates this experience effect. These results are consistent with mechanisms where investors put more weight on their own experience than on other available historical information when updating the beliefs about an industrys future return. The results are also consistent with investors learning about their stock-picking ability in an industry from their experienced outcomes.


Researchers were trying to explore the relationship between attention and memory retrieval in many different methodologies. This paper aims to clarify the complex relationship between attention and memory. Most early research from the 1900s suggests that memory retrieval is an automatic process that does not require attention. Moreover, in line with intuition, research about implicit memory also suggest that it is an automatic process. However, recent research about explicit memory retrieval suggests otherwise. Neuro-imaging research found that the region that activates during memory retrieval also activates during visual attention. Animal research about attention demand and spatial memory retrieval showed that attention could help memory encoding and retrieval. By studying individuals with attention deficits, it can conclude that attention is crucial for suppressing memory retrieval. Furthermore, behavioral research suggests that divided attention can impair memory retrieval. Thus, memory retrieval is not an automatic process.


In this study, we focus on the innovation resistance that has appeared in the process of accepting changed information technology services after the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a survey of property technology (PropTech) service users in Korea, this study proposes an extended technology acceptance model that considers the antecedent variables of the information systems success model to implement a standard PropTech service platform, and analyzes the influence of the selected parameters. Service quality was applied as the antecedent variable to define system quality and service standards, considering the establishment of the service standards process suggested by the company. The selected parameters were the demand for the personalization of the service and the resistance to innovation, which implies the degree to which consumers refuse to accept new technologies. To this end, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 524 PropTech users from 11 October 2021 to 15 November 2021. This study analyzes the factors affecting consumers' continued use intention in order to derive the service standardization of PropTech operations, and presents the mediating effects of innovation resistance and personalization to derive the implications for service standardization. The implications of this study are as follows: first, the possibility of innovation resistance in the PropTech service sector and its mechanisms are presented. Second, the necessity of redefining the quality dimension is proposed. Finally, we identify that additional research on innovation resistance to PropTech services is needed.


In this thesis, we introduce a new testing methodology to detect cojumps in multiasset returns. We define a cojump as a jump in at least one dimension of the return processes. For a multivariate process that follows a semimartingale, and with no other specific assumptions on the process, we form a test statistic which can easily disentangle jumps from continuous paths of the process. We prove that the test statistics are chi-square distributed in the absence of jumps in any dimensions. We propose a hypothesis testing based on the extreme distribution of the test statistics. If the test statistic observed is beyond the extreme level, then most likely, a cojump occurs. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to access the effectiveness of the test by examining the size and power of the test. We apply the test to a pair of empirical asset returns data and the findings of jump timing are consistent with existing literature. Thesis Supervisor: Scott Joslin Title: Assistant Professor of Finance


Conclusions • Invertebrate abundance and species richness did not differ between near and far sites. • Invertebrate communities varied over the course of our field season. • The area around turbines provides foraging resources for local bats. Further Recommendations • Data from fecal surveys, night vision surveys, fatality monitoring, and acoustic surveys are needed to further support our findings. • Use of mitigation strategies at wind farms such as curtailment should be used. Methodology Invertebrate processing • We sampled invertebrates from 2 July to 11 October 2012 using light traps and malaise traps. • One light trap and one malaise trap were placed at both near site and far sites. • Surveys were conducted at these paired sampling sites approximately two nights a week. Are invertebrates aggregating at wind turbines?


The mean charge states of abundant heavy ions with "" 15 70 MeV /n in the two large solar energetic particle (SEP) events of 1992 October 30 and November 2 have been determined using measurements of invariant latitude of the geomagnetic cutoffs as a function of time, particle energy, and element from the Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST) on SAMPEX. The deduced charge state values are in good agreement with the mean values measured directly in previous SEP events at much lower energies of "" 1 MeV /n, with inferred equilibrium source temperatures of typically 2 x 106 K, which provides additional evidence that SEPs in gradual-type events are accelerated coronal material.


A new prototype BaF/sub 2/-TMAE (tetrakis dimethyl-aminoethylene) detector has been developed for use in a positron camera. Results of projection imaging are presented. The projection images obtained with the 100-cm/sup 2/ sensitive area detector represent the first occasion a distributed source has been used in conjunction with a BaF/sub 2/-TMAE detector for positron imaging. This is also the first result of 5-ns timing, 5-mm detector resolution and an efficiency of 20%, with the same chamber operating conditions. The chamber can operate in a stable condition for periods of several hours. >


The value of the correction-developing programs for the social adaptation of invalids with the moderate degree of the innate mental underdevelopment is analyzed. Positive dynamics in their adaptation is shown on the example of the designed program. It is proven by development of inquisitiveness, creative interest, positive emotions, social activity.


The problem of stealing electric equipment inside cross-link cable box can be better solved after application of wireless distributed box monitoring system which is developed by Inspection Maintenance Company of SMEPC.The overall framework,operation features and advantages of the system are described.The practicing application on site shows the system can trigger an alarm with on-line monitoring effectively strengthening the protection of the equipment stealing from box.


Counter-storytelling is defined by critical race theory scholars as a method of telling the stories of those people whose experiences are not often told, including people of color, the poor, and members of the LGBTQ community. This article discusses multicultural young adult literature as a form of counter-storytelling, with an emphasis on how counter-stories challenge the stereotypes often held by the dominant culture, give voice to marginalized youth, and present the complexity of racial and ethnic identify formation.


1 Sea anemone toxin II (ATX II, 20–30 nm) doubled the action potential duration in guinea‐pig papillary muscles without affecting the maximum rate of rise of the action potential () and the resting potential. 2 Tetrodotoxin and lignocaine shortened the prolonged action potential in the ATX II‐treated papillary muscles in concentrations (30 nm − 3 μm) at which these drugs did not suppress the . 3 Whole‐cell voltage‐clamp experiments with single ventricular cells showed that ATX II produced a slowly decaying inward sodium current following a transient sodium current upon depolarization. 4 The ATX II‐induced slowly decaying current was reduced by tetrodotoxin or lignocaine in concentrations (300 nm–1 μm for tetrodotoxin, 3–10 μm for lignocaine) at which these drugs failed to affect the in cells not treated with ATX II. 5 These results suggest that sodium channel modification by ATX II not only changes its kinetics but also increases the susceptibility of the channel to block by tetrodotoxin and lignocaine.


Combustion reaction between silicon powders and nitrogen in transport bed was studied. The reaction temperature ranged from 1523 to 1653 K, and the reaction time ranged from 0 to 2.7 min. The phase compositions, morphologies and chemical composition of the products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and O/N determinater, respectively. The experimental results showed, in the case of silicon powders with particle size of 2.2 μm, the conversion rate of silicon was 61.9% at reaction temperature of 1653 K and reaction time of 2.7min, and the products mainly comprised amorphous silicon nitride powders.


The patient, aged 65, an employee of the City Gas Department had for many years, when exposed to breathing illuminating gas, in the pursuit of his occupation been subject to attacks during which he lost consciousness, but after a short period of half an hour or an hour recovered and was able to resume his work. About three weeks prior to the time when the present observation was made he had suffered from one of these attacks, of more than usual severity and duration, and immediately thereafter was confined to his room for four or five days, with urgent dyspnœa and severe bronchial symptoms. Later on there was continued cough, and great restlessness, and threatened cardiac failure. After partial recovery he again relapsed with great dyspnœa, and gradually became delirious, and during a portion of the time apathetic and lethargic. The CheyneStokes respiration then appeared accompanied by a pulse of


Synopsis : In the previous papers, we examined the effects of phosphate and silica in chromate films on the performance of a chromate-treated electro-galvanized steels, and found that required properties except paint adhesion were improved by those elements. In this paper, we examined a small addition of water-soluble resin to phosphate-silica-chromate solution for improving the paint adhesion. It was found that the addition of resin less than 1.0mg/m2 enhances wet and dry adhesion of the paint remarkably, but adding an excess amount of resin deteriorates corrosion resistance of the chromate film. The role of the resin in the improvement of the paint adhesion was considered to be as follows ; The resin tends to be concentrated to the film surface and conceal polar elements such as silica and zinc phosphate. As a result, the hydrogen bonding force of surface tension of the chromate film is kept moderate, and the wet adhesion was improved. Instead, the dispersion force component of surface tension is increased by resin addition, which improves the dry paint adhesion.


Control over light absorption and emission using plasmonic nanostructures is an enabling technology, which can dramatically enhance the performances of existing optical and optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, light-emitting devices, biosensors, and high-resolution fluorescence microscopes. This Perspective takes fluorescence as an example, illustrating how plasmonic nanostructures can control the light absorption and emission of nanoscale optical species. The origins of fluorescence intensity enhancements will be first discussed. Different parameters that can largely affect the interactions between plasmonic nanostructures and fluorophore molecules will be examined, including the distance between the fluorophore molecule and the metal nanostructure and the wavelengths of their respective optical responses. The role of plasmonic nanostructures on fluorescence will then be reconsidered from the perspective of optical nanoantennas. We expect that more functionalities of plasmonic nanostructures as o...


Ylilahti, Minna It depends on you. Ethnographic study on rehabilitation of working age people Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2013, 230 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research ISSN 0075-4625; 469) ISBN 978-951-39-5231-0 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5232-7 (PDF) English summary This study focuses on the preventive rehabilitation of working age people. The aim of this ethnographic study is to explore the meanings of preventive rehabilitation as an experienced situation. The study also analyses preventive employee rehabilitation as communal and societal phenomenon. The goal of the rehabilitation process is to deliver positive and effectual progressions in one's working life, working capacity and to influence healthier life-style choices that contribute to a healthier future life course. The research is based on ethnographic data. The data includes participant observation and interviews with rehabilitees (12) and rehabilitation workers (12). The context is outlined as a social world. The context of rehabilitation is interpreted from a Bakhtinian perspective and on the basis of institutional ethnography. Two general elements were found: meaningful social relationships and a brake from one's everyday life. The meaning of rehabilitation varies from social events and entertaining withdrawal to crash dieting and nursing of concrete injuries. Older workers feel employee rehabilitation is significant in general, even if formal goals and results might are problematic in an individual's own everyday -life. The rehabilitees own goals often included a range of problems, wishes and needs, all of which were physical and social in nature. Furthermore, the main motivation for rehabilitation is usually significant social relationships and the atmosphere and the context of the rehabilitation centre: satisfying group work, social support and experiential environment. The personal rehabilitation process is also connected to these relations. The rehabilitees were usually motivated for a rehabilitation course, but not very motivated to make real life changes. Part of the rehabilitees' main motivation to enter the preventive rehabilitation process was to seek a change and alternative views in one's life. However, in some cases rehabilitation had determining influence to in improving one's life.


High‐spin hydrides : A new class of stable paramagnetic polyhydride complexes [M{Ru(μ‐H)3(PTol3)3}2] (M=Cr–Ni) with an unprecedented trinuclear arrangement has been synthesized. The high‐spin central 3d metal ion is sandwiched between six hydride ligands in a distorted octahedral fashion.


A computer-aided design (CAD) system for the design of computer generated holograms (CGHs) to be fabricated by electron-beam (e-beam) lithography is introduced. Detailed knowledge about computer generated holography and e-beam technology, together with a user friendly interactive interface have been incorporated into this CAD system to enable users of diverse backgrounds to conveniently design different types of CGHs for a variety of applications. The system also features efficient e-beam data generation algorithms, and design-rule-checks that test the design requirements vs. the theoretical and fabrication limits to ensure that these limits are not violated. If the design parameters result in violation of these limits, the system suggests alternative design parameters to bring the design within the limits.
Also included in this work are two techniques, which use the shift and scaling properties of Fourier transform for the computation of large size CGHs with a large number of sampling points, when the memory requirements for the computation of the CGH exceed the available memory of the computer.
Two "real-time" (turn around times of a few seconds up to a minute) systems for recording and reconstruction of CGHs for testing and prototyping purposes are also included in this work. In one system the CGH is written on a high-resolution CRT in contact with a liquid crystal light valve. The liquid crystal light valve modulates a coherent, collimated, polarized readout beam with the data that is displayed on the CRT. The modulated beam is then used to reconstruct the object that had been encoded in the hologram on the CRT. In the second system the computer generated hologram that had been displayed on the CRT is imaged and recorded on a thermoplastic plate. The developed thermoplastic plate can then be used to reconstruct the object with a coherent beam.


The oxidized form of the redox-active Y{sub Z} tyrosyl residue involved in photosynthetic oxygen evolution has been generated and trapped in Mn-depleted Photosystem II core complexes from a D2-Y160F mutant strain of Synechocystis 6803. This system eliminates interference from P{sub 700}{sup +} and Y{sub D}D+{center_dot} and allowed characterization of Y{sub Z}{sup {center_dot}} by using a combination of specific {sup 2}H-labeling and electron magnetic-resonance techniques that included CW-EPR, frequency-modulated and transient detected ENDOR, and {sup 2}H-ESEEM. Using these complementary techniques, we have carried out a detailed evaluation of the hyperfine structure of Y{sub Z}{sup {center_dot}} and obtained the dipolar interactions to weakly coupled nuclei, the strongly anisotropic tensors of the ring-hydrogens, and the more isotropic interactions to the {Beta}-methylene site. We conclude that tyrosyl radicals are not tuned to specific function by large-scale modulations of their spin density through hydrogen-bonding effects. We suggest a hydrogen-atom transfer function for Y{sub Z} in water oxidation. Within this model, the (Mn){sub 4}/Y{sub Z} center forms the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II where the (Mn){sub 4} cluster binds substrate water and delocalizes oxidizing equivalents and Y{sub Z} acts by abstracting hydrogens from substrate water in either a concerted or sequential fashion. 71 refs., 8 figs.,more » 2 tabs.« less


In 1979, the state-of-the-art in simulation languages was extended with the introduction of SLAM,TM the first language that provided three different modeling viewpoints in a single integrated framework.
 As experience with the use of SLAM increased, the need for enhanced capabilities within SLAM became apparent. For this reason, Pritsker & Associates, Inc. has refined and expanded SLAM capabilities to produce SLAM IITM.


The Networks-on-Chip (NoC) is widely accepted as an advanced on-chip system which replaces the traditional bus structure. NoC is promising as a solution for future many-core chip processor with better scalability and flexibility. Routers in NoC make the routing decision based on the routing algorithm. Many routing algorithms have been proposed to improve the performance of NoC. Some routing algorithms only have superiority under a specific traffic pattern, but they can have poor performance under other traffic patterns. Compared to uniform traffic, some complex hotspot patterns are closer to reality. Traffic-aware routing algorithms are designed to solve this problem. These traffic-aware routing algorithms commonly utilize virtual channels (VC) or routing tables to predict the future traffic distribution, which will have large power and hardware overheads that cannot be ignored. To solve these problems, a VC-free traffic-pattern-aware routing algorithm based on West-first routing and North-last routing is proposed in this paper. This algorithm contains a hotspot node and hotspot pattern detecting mechanism, which were designed to improve the performance of NoCs under different traffic patterns. A hotspot information block which has a small cost is connected to each router to deal with the hotspot information and detect the hotspot patterns. The simulation results show that routing algorithm proposed combines the advantages of the two existing routing algorithms and has better performance when considering different traffic patterns.


Thermal uncertainty analysis of spacecraft is an important method to avoid overdesign and underdesign problems. In the context of uncertainty analysis, thermal models representing multiple operating conditions must be invoked repeatedly, leading to substantial computational costs. The ray tracing calculation of Earth infrared and albedo radiation heat flux is an important reason for the slow calculation speed. As the rays emitted during external heat flux calculations under different operating conditions are independent and unconnected, the rays produced across various conditions are effectively wasted. In this study, the external heat flow equation is thoroughly expanded and the derived factors are clustered and analyzed to develop a novel formula for calculating external heat flow. When this formula is employed to compute the uncertain external heat flux, only one condition necessitates ray tracing, while the remaining conditions utilize simple matrix operations in place of complex ray tracing. Within the aforementioned procedure, certain matrices demonstrate sparse characteristics. The optimization calculations for these matrices can, therefore, benefit from the application of sparse matrix optimization algorithms. Using a spacecraft as an example, the uncertain external heat flux calculation outcomes of the new and traditional formulas are compared and assessed. The findings reveal that the new formula is highly suitable for estimating uncertain Earth radiation heat flow, with a marked improvement in efficiency. The accuracy is essentially equivalent to that of the traditional formula and the calculation precision can be dynamically adjusted to meet user requirements. The methodology can be further generalized to assess the uncertainties associated with radiative external heat fluxes for other celestial bodies within the solar system. This offers a valuable theoretical framework for addressing the uncertainties in the thermal design of deep space exploration vehicles.


1 MD Pediatrics PGIMER, Chandigarh (India) 2 Professor Deptt of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, PGIMER, Chandigarh (India) 3 Additional Professor, Deptt of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, PGIMER, Chandigarh (India) 4 Assistant Professor, Deptt of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, PGIMER, Chandigarh (India) 5 MD Radiodiagnosis Civil Hospital Theog, Shimla H.P (India) *Corresponding Author Dr Arnav Shandil MD Radiodiagnosis Civil Hospital Theog, Shimla H.P (India) Abstract Background and Objectives: There is ever growing increase in antimicrobial resistance worldwide mostly due to injudicious and irrational use of antimicrobials in health care institutions and probably due to lack of knowledge among health care professionals about antimicrobial resistance to add to this there is a constant stagnation in development of newer antimicrobials.ICU's represent the heaviest antibiotic burden within hospital often described as 'factory creating and amplifying antibiotic resistance. We decided to conduct this before and after study to test the feasibility of a clinical ASP with respect to effect on resistance pattern in pediatric ICU in our hospital with the purpose of finding out the change in resistance pattern with implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programme . Methods: This study was a prospective before and after study design which was divided into 3 phases over a span of 12 months. A preimplementation audit (phase 1) was conducted for 1 st 3 months studying various prescription practices that were being followed in ICU and general observation. Antimicrobial stewardship was implemented in phase 2 for a period of 6 months. After the implementation of ASP in PICU, a similar audit on antimicrobial prescription and usage was done in next three months (phase 3) and theresults compared with the audit of pre-implementation period. Results: Our study was designed to note effect of antimicrobial stewardship on antimicrobial resistance pattern. Our findings revealed that there was a significant reduction in multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms after implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) (from 58% to 17 % between two phases).


Many results of historical studies regarding Cultural Heritage assets are still recorded and stored into traditional books and reports. They quote essential documents, iconography and archival sources. The efforts done in the last years by digitizing libraries and archives contents represent just a first step towards a digital communication of historical research results. The challenge is in looking for a new digital access to outcomes linking also to the related sources. The use of GIS technology and 3D modelling allow a new way to share historical information among the specialists who need to access those information to document, preserve and manage Cultural Heritage assets. In particular basic historical information about urban centres can be archived and transmitted by using shape files, 3D models by using the most advanced 3Dpdf format and complex historical research results connected and presented by using hyper texts which can be easily published as websites. All these platforms produce critical readings linked to digital libraries where the users are able to access the data but also to integrate those data in digital platform


Below we work out the algebra structure of some Hopf algebras which arise concretely in restricting representations of the symmetric group to certain subgroups. The basic idea generalizes that used by Adams [1] for H *(BSU). The question arose in discussions with H. K. Farahat. I would like to thank him for his interest in the work and to acknowledge the usefulness of several stimulating conversations with him. 1. Review and statement of results. A homogeneous element of a graded abelian group will have its gradation referred to as its dimension. In all such groups below there will be no non-zero elements with negative or odd dimension. A graded algebra (resp. coalgebra) will be associative (resp. coassociative), strictly commutative (resp. co-commutative) and in dimension zero will be isomorphic to the ground ring F, providing the unit (resp. counit). We shall deal amost entirely with F = Z or F = Z/p for a prime p; the cases F = 0 or a localization of Z will occur briefly. In every case, the component in each dimension will be a finitely generated free F-module, so dualization works simply.


Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a system measurement for the total equipment performance, in which requires to specify an equivalent weight setting for every single parameter, even though; each elementary losses are totally different. Hence, the purpose of this research project is to develop a mathematical model to determine the dissimilarity in weighting of each OEE factor for the THA Taper Machine. This study focuses on how much improvement in each OEE factor on the machine is able to reduce the overall production cost. Total Fabrication Monitoring (TFM) system is conducted to collect the data from the system database to determine the current OEE percentage of the machine. In addition, the data collected is analyzed using the Excel tools to determine the relationship of each data. This analysis is then developed to identify the range of weightage for each OEE parameter to be proceed on the Forecasting analysis. Through the Forecasting analysis using Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), the most suitable weightage for each parameter is determined by selecting the OEE weightage combination with least error. Rauof method is used to develop the mathematical model by referring to selected OEE weightage combination to determine weightage of each OEE factor on the machine to the overall production cost. According to the result obtained, Availability (AV) appears to be the critical cause toward low OEE percentage of the machines and thus improvement action should be focus on AV in order to increase the highest percentage of OEE. Machines throughput was proved to be directly proportional to the OEE and increasing in the throughput will decrease the overall production cost. Hence, the production cost can be reduced as the OEE was improved. Improvement plans related to THA Taper machines can be propose by referring to the mathematical model developed.


In this paper,a high performance liquid chromatography method was established for determination of the degradation rates of chlorimuron-ethyl. The biodegradation of herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl in the soil by different strains was researched systematically. The results showed that the degradation rates of herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl by Aspergillus niger,Penicillium,F8 and F31 were significantly different in the soil. The herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl could bedegraded effectively by all these four strains. The degradation ability was Aspergillus niger F31 Penicillium F8. The degradation rates of herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl by Aspergillus niger respectively mixed with Penicillium,F8 amd F31 were significantly different.With the increase of proportion of Aspergillus niger,herbicide degradation ability was significantly enhanced. The F31 and Aspergillus nige blend was the best combination and the degradation rate reached 86. 43%. On the basis of binary mixture,addition of a small amount of Penicillium could further improve the ability of degradation.


This monograph chapter presents a descriptive and multivariate analysis of the impact of family planning policy on the entry into marriage and the transition to first birth in Shifang County Sichuan Province China. The framework for the analysis is based on the theories of Rindfuss et al. (1984) and Teachman and Polonko (1985). The study relies on data from a fertility survey conducted in Shifang county in 1987 among a sample of 664 women aged 15-65 years. The study area is recognized as a national model of Chinas family planning program implementation. Cox partial likelihood hazard models are used to examine the transition to motherhood based on social context individual characteristics and individual lifetime. The analysis relies on age cohorts. Findings indicate that the hazard of getting married in every duration was 2.8 times higher for rural women. Women with higher education were less likely to marry early than women with primary education. Dummy variables for period effects showed significant negative main effects on the transition to marriage after 1971. The strongest effect occurred during the Later Longer Fewer Policy period. The negative period effect declined during the One Child Policy period. The rapid increase in the hazard of marriage in the 1980s in rural and urban areas suggests that increases in marriage age were policy-related and not due to socioeconomic development. The effects of covariates on the hazard of transition to motherhood changed after controlling for marriage age. Finding suggest that rural women had a faster transition to first birth due to earlier marriage and not to shorter first birth intervals. After controls for age at marriage period effects were strong and negative during the Later Longer Fewer Policy period and significantly positive during 1985-86. The gap in hazard of first birth between rural and urban women was narrowest during 1974-78 and widest during 1985-86.


The ecological and environmental characteristics of Zhuoni County are analyzed in a comprehensive way.The regional ecosystem sensitivity and regional service importance are evaluated on the basis of GIS platform.All the analyses and evaluations are carried out according to the established ecological principles,methods and indexed systems.Having the ecosystem assessment results combined with the actual ecological environmental situation of Zhuoni,the county can be subdivided into 5 ecoregions,13 eco-function zones and 21 sub-eco-function zones.The regionalization of this study could provide a theoretical basis for land use planning,eco-environmental protection and the construction of ecological civilization in Zhuoni County.


Big book is a book that has a large size, writing, and pictures. The big book size should take into account the legibility of all students in the class. The big book is used by the teacher while he is doing the model reading or reading together. According to Karges-Bone (1992) for language learning to be more effective and successful, a big book should have a short story and clear sentence pattern. Many educational experts say that the big book is used in the early classes because it can help increase students' interest in reading.


The physicomechanical properties of the rubber filled by modified fly ash were researched. The results showed that modified fly ash has good reinforcing action to the rubber. It can take the place of CaCO_3 as well as carbon black partly.


During the complex process of replication, DNA polymerase is unable to create fully double-stranded ends on daughter chromosomes. This results in a progressive shortening of the telomeric repeats, by around 50 to 200 bp per cell division in somatic cells (2). Once the telomere length reaches a critical lower limit, the cell loses its ability to replicate, entering a state of senescence that usually leads to cell death. The shortening of telomeric repeats is the principal mechanism underlying the limited life span of somatic cells and one of the paramount factors that drives the aging process.


Objective To explore the practical method and skill in three-dimensional dental surface reconstruction of spiral CT.Methods Using GE Hispeed NX/I spiral CT and ADW4.0 workstation,42 cases scaned in maxillary with different reasons were retrospectively studied in our hospital since August 2002.Results In all cases three-dimensional dental surface reconstruction could clearly demonstrate the whole or single dental surface from the different points.The shape,size,location,eruption orientation and the angle of all impacted teeth were displayed.Conclusion The three-dimensional dental surface reconstruction of spiral CT is liable and effective for orthodontic.A high quality three-dimensional image depends on the parameters properly selected during scan and reconstruction as well as methods correctly used during image processing.


A commercial code called SIMULENT [1] is used to simulate liquid film formation and its breakup in an industrial spay nozzle. The model is three-dimensional and combines the solution of continuity and momentum equations with an algorithm for free surface tracking in presence of an arbitrary nozzle shape. Two types of spray nozzles were considered: a splash-plate atomizer and a swirling spray nozzle. The model predicts the liquid film characteristics of a nozzle as a function of its geometrical design, operating conditions, and fluid properties. The model simulates the process of the core liquid film breakup into ligaments and formation of small droplets from ligaments during the spray. The model has been proven accurate by direct comparison with experimental measurements. The developed computer software can be used as a tool to: (a) design new nozzles; (b) improve current nozzle designs; (c) provide the spraying characteristics of a nozzle, specifically: spray angle; spray pattern; mixing/swirling within the spray; mean droplet size; droplet size distribution; velocity of the droplets at a certain distance from the nozzle exit, etc., and (d) investigate the spraying characteristics of a nozzle under different operating conditions.


Abstract This paper studies the effect of bank manager behavior and investor behavior on market value of Islamic and conventional banks in the Middle East and North Africa region. Firstly, our analysis denoted the positive effect of discretionary behavior of manager on both types of banks on share prices since discretionary behavior transmits to investor a positive signal of future earnings' prospects. Also, we find that the conventional bank stock prices response is very high to negative signal compared with positive signal. This result is explained by prospect theory and loss aversion bias which specified that individuals are more sensitive to losses than gains of same magnitude. In particular, we discover that the negative effect of non-discretionary behavior is much lower on Islamic bank value since investors give more confidence to Islamic bank because they are motivated by the idea that Islamic banks are safer than conventional banks. Secondly, the results show that investor sentiment affects significantly both bank market prices. Thus, both Islamic and conventional banks' market value depends similarly on manager and investor behavior. The implication of this paper is that Islamic bank concentrations reveal a positive effect on their price values because of the recently increased investments in Islamic banks.


To test the hypothesis that the quantity of blood stem cells (CFU-C, BFU-E) reflects the total hematopoietic activity of the host, we assayed blood CFU-C and BFU-E in 5 groups of subjects: 1) normal children (ages 3 months-7 yrs.); 2) normal adults; 3) children with HbSS disease (ages 8-20 yrs.); 4) cord blood; and 5) children with severe aplastic anemia (AA) at diagnosis. 106 mononuclear cells separated from heparinized blood were cultured in methylcellulose with either fibroblast conditioned medium (source of CSA) or with 2 units of sheep erythropoietin. Results below are expressed as the number of day 12-15 colonies/ml of blood ± S.E.. (Figure in parenthesis indicates number of specimens cultured).The cord blood and blood from HbSS patients showed significantly increased number of both types of stem cells vs. normal children or adults (p < 0.001), while blood from AA patients failed to grow any colonies. The differences in the number of CFU-C and BFU-E between normal children and adults were not significant (p > 0.1 and p > 0.2 respectively). We conclude that the quantity of circulating stem cells is proportional to the overall hematopoietic activity of the host.


24 and close to that achieved by. Berliner and McConnell 1] deal with the diiculty in nding optimistic and pessimistic bounds on the real values of game-tree positions. However, their results are not applicable for multi-model search where we look for bounds on the sum of two functions. The sum-bounds for a multi-model search reeect the maximal possible diierence between the subjective evaluations done by the player and its opponent model. In Section 5 we presented practical methods for computing such bounds. The question whether the beneet of modeling outweighs the cost of reduced pruning depends on the domain and on the evaluation function used. In this work we showed an example, in the checkers domain, where the beneet of modeling outweighs the cost of reduced pruning power. The multi-model framework allows the use of arbitrary opponent models. This work points out that pruning is signiicantly reduced for a model which is radically diierent from the player's strategy. However, for zero-sum games, we do not expect the players to evaluate boards in a radically diierent way. In such cases, the pruning power of is signiicant. A uniied theory of heuristic evaluation functions and its application to learning. Table 1: The results obtained by an iterative deepening version of when played against an iterative deepening version of. Both algorithms were allocated the same search resources { leaf evaluations per move. Each row represents a tournament of 1,000 games. The last two columns show the average search depth of the two algorithms. resources per move. We measured the search resources by the number of leaf evaluations available for a move. Table 1 shows the results obtained by , with the player P 1 = (f 1 ; (f 0 ; ?)), against , with the function f 0 , for various values of resource limit (leaf evaluations per move). Each row represents the results of a tournament of 1,000 games. We can see that in all cases searched shallower than due to its reduced pruning power. However, the deeper search of was outweighed by the beneet of modeling. When playing against an player using f 0 , , using the player P 1 = (f 1 ; (f 0 ; ?)), uses the exact opponent function as a model, in contrast to which wrongly uses ?f 0 as an opponent model. As a result, while the player prefers exchange positions, wrongly assumes …


Abstract In this paper, we introduce a new discontinuous operator and investigate the existence and uniqueness of fixed points for the operators in complete metric spaces. We also provide rate of convergence and data dependency of S-iterative scheme for a fixed point of the discontinuous operators in Banach spaces. Moreover, we prove the estimation Collage theorems and compare error estimate between data dependency and Collage theorems. Numerical examples are provided to support our results.


Objective To obtain the ideal method for detection of HER2 genetic state of breast cancer by using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).Methods The tissue samples were taken from30 breast cancer patients the influences of digestion time and reusing of denaturization liquid of three different kind of enzymes in the experiment,by adopting the FISH to detect HER2 genetic state were observed.Results The results showed that the duration of digestion of 15 minutes was not enough and 3o0 minutes was over digested then the opptimum time was 21minutes,with which the succesful rate of cancer cell hybridization was greater than 75% and the experiment was stable.Conclusion A duration of digestion of enzymes of 21 is suggested for detection of HER2 genetic starus by using FISH and the the succesful rate would be high.


We have employed large d.c. glow discharges to produce a variety of unstable species, including molecular ions, in sufficient abundance for detection of their microwave spectra. For simple ions (HCO+, HN2+, CO+) we have studied several isotopic forms and determined accurate molecular structures and hyperfine parameters, and for HCO+ we have measured the linewidth parameter for pressure broadening by several gases. To facilitate observation of additional species we have devoted considerable effort to improving our methods of generating and detecting microwave radiation, of modulating the molecular absorption and of computer processing the resultant spectral data. One of the principal difficulties in searching for new transient species is that of optimizing its production before any microwave spectrum has been seen. To alleviate this problem we have attached instrumentation for high-resolution optical spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry to the same glow discharge used for the microwave work. The mass spectrometer can sample neutral molecules and positive or negative ions escaping from the discharge; in conjunction with microwave interferometric measurements of electron density it can provide absolute ion densities for particular ions of sufficient precision to determine in advance whether or not the microwave spectrum can be detected.


One of the biggest challenges in urban planning is to balance the use of natural resources with the need to preserve them. One of the main resources is water, which is essential to human life and activities. Population growth and urban sprawl challenge water availability. Thus, it is important to evaluate development trends in order to predict future scenarios, enabling the adoption of preventive actions and decision-making. The objective of this study is to present a water management assessment methodology for urban planning as a practical and direct tool capable of conveying the necessary information for decision making in the process of balanced and harmonious urban planning, applicable to medium size Brazilian cities.


WHEN A book promises to offer an alternative to the 'antiquated and psychologically unsophisticated theories' that have underpinned the leadership of change programmes to date, you can expect the interest of any forward-thinking manager, clinician or academic in the field to be piqued.


A design for a simple gas doser, which incorporates a movable shutter, is presented. The operation of this doser is demonstrated using the dosing and subsequent temperature programmed desorption of butanethiol on Au{100}-(5×20). The sticking probability for adsorption of the butanethiol at 100 K was measured to be s=0.85±0.05. The butanethiol desorption showed two features corresponding to the desorption of the chemisorbed monolayer at 500 K, and physisorbed multilayers at 140 K. The chemisorbed monolayer feature was not observed in the desorption of the parent molecular ion at 90 amu, but was observed at 56 amu, suggesting that desorption was accompanied by decomposition of the chemisorbed butanethiolate species. The primary gas phase product appears to be 1-butene. Auger electron spectroscopy showed that the thiolate sulfur remained on the surface until above 700 K.


On May 8, Lee Fraise (Monsanto Company) reported finding six to eight aphids per plant in coleoptile-stage corn in Des Moines County. These aphids are probably corn leaf aphids, which can occur on seedling corn in Iowa, but are usually uncommon until the plants approach the tasseling stage.


Between Scylla and Charybdis: The Political Journey of Dimitrie Moldovan during 1861–1867 The main goal of this essay is to present the political activity carried out between 1860 and 1867 by Dimitrie Moldovan, one of the most prominent figures in the Romanian national movement. Profoundly divided between his loyalty as a Romanian official at the Habsburg Court and his people's efforts in the struggle for political and religious freedom, Moldovan finds himself in the position of giving advice to both Catholic and Orthodox leaders of Transylvania, but also to other members of the Romanian elite. His main goal was to give a sense of unity of action, regardless of religious dissent and personal interests. The paper comprises two parts. First of all, based on a comprehensive literature, the historical context in which Moldovan carried out most of his political activity will be established. After that, by bringing forward some new evidence from the National Archives, we shall attempt to present his personal and public ties with some of the most important political figures of his time.


The basic ideas of weak turbulence theory are discussed, and the nonlinear theory of collisionless plasma dynamics is formulated in terms of test‐waves. The test‐wave method is interpreted and compared to the usual mode coupling expansion technique. The smearing of the particle‐wave resonances and the nonlinear coupling of unstable modes are discussed in detail.


The permanent worsening of the water bodies' ecological condition has been observed in the modern world. The pollution by different toxic matters occurs with the shore of the water body itself as well as the water. Not to allow the rise of the dangerous situations for people, mass death the inhabitants of the rivers and lakes and agricultural crops (under irrigation, etc.) the permanent control of the water condition is necessary. The identify centers of pollution allows a set of measures to clean up and prevent further contamination of the time.
The only objective and effective control is the manual probe sampling. But the capacity for the probes amount of such a sampling is limited. Moreover, the hardware for the taken probes complete analyzing is basically situated in the stationary laboratories and costs very much. Therefore it is desirable to be tasked for the investigation by the gages that include constituting a danger polluting products.
To save the moneys and the time and to manage to take steps in time, the efficient on-site expresscontrol of the taken probes is necessary. In this situation, an inexpensive simple to operate transportable cross functional measuring instrument could become a solution for this problem. Especially there are many problems in the research of the state of agricultural fields. These fields can extend over tens km with the presence of only dirt roads. A portable nuclear-magnetic relaxometer developed by us is one of such instruments. The only criterion of its use is the existence of the sufficient amount of the nuclei with the magnetic moments in the investigated fluid.
The service of the instrument is based on that fact that the parameters of every fluid that allow to diagnose its aggregate state change (the temperature rise and the appearance of other saluted or not matters in it) instantaneously are the longitudinal T1 and transverse T2 relaxation times. The size of the magnetic system were matched in such a way that the instrument could be easily transferred "manually". The amount of the investigated matter doesn't exceed 15 gram. In this case, the temperature of the liquid fluid in the container will grade up to the temperature of the environment, where the container itself has been situated for a long time, within 10-15 seconds. Therefore, the liquid fluid temperature can be measured with high accuracy and also controlled without problems.
The use of this tool will facilitate the ecological monitoring of water bodies and plants, using proven solid state physics, experimental techniques, in fact, increase its efficiency, environmental quality and reproducibility.


This paper highlights the parallels within the fields of international public relations and intercultural communication as sister fields sharing a common link of communication and culture. The paper discusses the two fields' struggle for definition and their development of a rich flora of research as well as the debates that ensued. This essay also explores emerging trends within intercultural communication that may well impact international public relations in the future. The paper concludes with an analysis of the parallels within the two fields and the potential for shared knowledge between them.


Aims: To identify latent developmental episodic heavy drinking (EHD) trajectory groups for Norwegian adolescents, investigate risk-factors associated with group membership, and to assess differences in alcohol problems between different groups in early adulthood. Design and Methods: Data were from 1266 individuals measured at four time-points from age 13/14 years to age 26/27 years. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to identify groups with different EHD development. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigated if gender, impulsivity, school commitment, parents' socio-economic status, frequency of seeing parents drunk, and parental knowledge could predict group membership. Differences in alcohol problems scores at age 26/27 were also assessed. Results: Four trajectory groups were identified: "Stable high", "Early increasers", "Late increasers", and "Stable low". Membership of the high-risk trajectory groups "Stable high", and "Early increasers" was predicted by high impulsivity, low school commitment, high frequency of seeing parents drunk, and low parental knowledge. The risk of alcohol problems at age 26/27 was greater for the "Stable high" group, the "Early increasers", and the "Late increasers" compared to the "Stable low" group. The "Stable high" and "Early increasers" had similar risk of alcohol problems. Conclusion: Stable high and early increasing EHD in adolescence was associated with more alcohol problems in early adulthood. Such trajectories were predicted by high impulsivity, low school commitment, high frequency of seeing parents drunk, and low parental knowledge.


As time goes, the support for information technology is increasing as the development of internet technology is rapidly increases. E-wallets, which can also be called electronic money, is one of the application of the increasing development of the internet. One of the activities of using the internet is Electronic Money transactions through digital wallets (e-wallets). In 2020, bank bjb launched its e-wallet service, Digicash, entering the industry. However, Digicash has observed relatively low user numbers and transactions compared to its competitors like Gopay and OVO. This research aims to analyze the factors that influences user's intention of contiuing the use of Digicash application to adress the issue. The theoretical approach employed is the UTAUT 2 model, developed by Venkatesh, Thong, and Xu in 2012. Additionally, this study incorporates additional factors such as Price Saving Orientation, Trust, Perceived Security, and Perceived Privacy to modify the UTAUT2 model. Data collection involved distributing online questionnaires via Google Forms to 464 respondents residing in Indonesia. The questionnaire consisted of 32 questions from 8 constructs. The data analysis technique employed in this study is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4 Software.The results indicate that the factors influencing the continuance intention to use Digicash, ranked from highest to lowest, are Social Influence, Price Saving Orientation, Perceived Risk, Hedonic Motivation, Habit, and Performance Expectancy. The model's category is considered 'good' as it can predict the continuance intention of consumers towards Digicash services in Indonesia with an R2 value of 56%. Moreover, the Age variable is moderated by Habit. This model can assist the management of bank bjb, the creator of Digicash, in making decisions to enhance and maintain the continuance intention to use Digicash by paying attention to the identified factors and indicators.


The electrochemical flow capacitor is a new energy storage technology that has gained interest for grid-scale applications. 1‐4 EFCs store energy by charging the double layers that exist at the interfaces between the particles and an electrolyte solution in a flowable slurry electrode.Theslurryparticleswiththeirchargedsurfacesarethensubsequently transferred to external tanks for energy storage. The stored energy can be recovered by pumping these particles back through the cell during discharge. As is the case for flow batteries, external storage of the charged slurry allows for decoupling of power and energy capacity. A schematic of a four-tank EFC is shown in Figure 1. This design consists of two half cells separated by a membrane. The membrane prevents electronic charge transfer between the negative and positive half-cells but permits the exchange of ions. During charging, slurry is pumped from tanks of uncharged particles through the cell in order to be charged; after passing through the cell this slurry is then stored in a separate set of tanks for charged particles. For this four-tank implementation, discharge then requires reversal of the pumps to redirect the charged particles back into the cell. This approach requires the double layer capacity of the entire slurry flow to be charged as fully as possible upon leaving the cell (i.e. the slurry needs to be fully utilized such that all of the available surfaces are charged to half of the voltage applied across the entire EFC cell). This four-tank approach allows immediate extraction of energy at the charging potential as all of the stored slurry at any point in time is fully charged. However, the necessity of fully charging the entire slurry stream can place severe restrictions on the maximum achievable current density. An alternative two-tank approach, 5 foregoes the separate storage tanks for the charged and uncharged slurries and instead operates in a continuous mode. This approach is similar to the charging/discharging of conventional (non-flowing) capacitors. When operating in this mode larger currents are possible as it is no longer necessary to maintain full utilization of the slurry that passes through the cell. Immediate extraction of current at the full charging potential, however, is not possible as the stored slurry in the positive and negative tanks is not necessarily fully charged at any given time. In both of these EFC implementations, the steady state current that results from a specific combination of flow rate, charging voltage, slurry properties, and cell dimensions is the performance metric of interest. In analogy to heat and mass transfer, this steady state current has been shown to be controlled by the formation of boundary layers of the overpotential as the slurry passes through the cell. 6 In general, the potentiostatic charging of an EFC is therefore very similar to the Graetz problem 7 from heat transfer. The Graetz problem involves


Summary The release of fluid from a break in high-energy piping could result in significant changes in flow characteristic within the piping system, creating reaction forces, which dynamically excite the piping. If these forces are sufficient to cause pipe whip, nearby required systems must be protected or designed to withstand the result of pipe whip.


One method for realizing the self-orientation of workpieces for grasping by a robot is by means of a shaking belt conveyor. Control of small perturbations around the steady state leads to the control of a linear time-periodic system. We propose and successfully implement an approach for control based on a novel application of Floquet-Lyapunov theory.


SUMMARY A chloride current, ICl,H, slowly activating on hyperpolarisation was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster larval muscles using the two-electrode voltage clamp. Sizeable currents were observed after the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl–]i) had been elevated by diffusion of Cl– from the electrodes. The time course of ICl,H was rather variable and required two exponentials to be accurately described. The reversal potential, –40 to –20 mV in Cl–-loaded fires, shifted on lowering external [Cl–] in the positive direction. Steady-state activation of ICl,H was characterised by V0.5 of≈– 120 mV and a slope factor, k, of ≈10 mV at a [Cl–]i ≈35 mmol l–1. Raising [Cl–]i to ≈50 mmol l–1 caused a negative shift of V0.5 equivalent to the change of ECl and led to a nearly threefold increase in maximal steady-state conductance. ICl,H was resistant to 10 mmol l–1 Zn2+ and 1 mmol l–1 Cd2+ but was greatly reduced by 1 mmol l–1 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (9-AC). ICl,H was affected by changes of extracellular pH and increased on lowering extracellular osmolality. 9-AC also decreased muscle fibre resting conductance by approximately 20% and increased muscle contractions. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis confirmed the expression of all three ClC genes in muscle, and immunohistochemistry indicated location of Drosophila melanogaster chloride channel-2 (DmClC-2) at the Z-lines. We conclude that DmClC-2 accounts for the channels underlying ICl,H, and in part for the resting chloride conductance. DmClC-2 may serve general homeostatic mechanisms such as pH- and osmo-regulation or may support muscle function on high motor activity or during a particular neurohormonal state of the animal.


Aims  Delays in the initiation and intensification of medical therapy may be one reason patients with diabetes do not reach evidence‐based goals for metabolic control. We assessed intensification of medical therapy over time, comparing the management of hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia.


................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgments ................................................................................................ iv List of Tables ....................................................................................................... vii List of Figures ........................................................................................................ i CHAPTER I. ......................................................................................................... 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER II. ........................................................................................................ 6 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 6 Poultry Consumption ...............................................................................................6 Introduction: Salmonella and Campylobacter in poultry .........................................8 Salmonella spp .......................................................................................................10 Salmonella history and characteristics .......................................................10 Growth characteristics ...............................................................................11 Salmonella serotypes .................................................................................12 Foodborne Salmonella infections ..............................................................12 Outbreaks ...................................................................................................14 Campylobacter spp.................................................................................................16 Campylobacter characteristics ...................................................................16 Foodborne Campylobacter infections ........................................................16 Outbreaks ...................................................................................................17 Regulations and prevention programs ...................................................................18


To minimize the size of the circuit in class E phase controlled inverter, we propose to reduce the number of RF chokes in the inverter from the conventional two cores to only one. As a result we have found that the phase controlled inverter with single RF choke core could be operated at the same condition as the conventional type. Further, the problem of saturation of core material, which usually occurred in the case of the conventional type when the magnitude of the flux density exceeded the saturation flux density, could be reduced.


Simulating the FTICR-MS Signal of a Decaying Beryllium-7 Ion Plasma in a 2D Electrostatic PIC Code Michael Takeshi Nakata Department of Physics and Astronomy Doctor of Philosophy Beryllium-7 (Be-7) only decays by electron capture into lithium-7 (Li-7) with a half life of 53 days. We study the effect of ionization on this decay rate. We do so by trapping a Be-7 ion plasma in a cylindrical Malmberg-Penning trap and measuring Be-7 and Li-7 concentrations as functions of time by using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). We have simulated these signals in a 2-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) code. The two spectrum peaks merge at high ion densities whereas at low ion densities they can be resolved. The merged peak shifts linearly according to the relative abundances of these species. We have also simulated singly-ionized beryllium-7 hydride (BeH+) and Li-7 ion plasmas at high densities. These two separate peaks shift according to their relative abundances. We describe an analytical model that explains how these peaks shift.


We propose a scheme to utilize photons for ideal quantum transmission between atoms located at spatially separated nodes of a quantum network. We also propose a method to correct errors during transmission.


(73) Assignee: EBM-Papst Mulfingen GMBH & CO. (57) ABSTRACT KG, Mulfingen (DE) The present invention relates to an electric motor, comprising a stator and a rotor that can rotate relative to the stator and that (21) Appl. No.: 14/772,993 is mounted in bearing arrangements, and also comprising a motor housing and a vibration sensor to pick up vibrations (22) PCT Filed: Mar. 13, 2014 that occur in the electric motor and that are caused by mal functions of the bearing arrangements. The configuration pro (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2014/054929 vided here is that of an external-rotor motor. The stator has a S371 (c)(1), bearing Support tube that is connected at one end to a ring (2) Date: Sep. 4, 2015 shaped stator flange. Bearing arrangements are arranged at a distance from each other in the bearing Support tube in the (30) Foreign Application Priority Data direction of a center longitudinal axis of the bearing Support tube, in which a shaft of the rotor is supported. The vibration Mar. 14, 2013 (DE) ...................... 1