Background/Aims
 Medical students are tomorrow's doctors and rheumatology seems to be losing its status in school curricula despite its rise in importance. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge of common rheumatic diseases amongst Year 3 graduate-entry medical students (GEMS) before and after a session of rheumatology tutorial.
 Methods
 19 GEMS who were soon to sit for Year 3 final examination were asked to complete questionnaires pre and post rheumatology tutorial regarding their knowledge and confidence in examining/managing rheumatic diseases namely rheumatoid arthritis(RA), psoriatic arthritis(PsA), osteoarthritis(OA), gout, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Knowledge and confidence were measured using a 5-point Likert scale.
 Results
 Students were aged 21-30 years. None had previous rotation in rheumatology but 2 (10.5%) had attended a rheumatology clinic before. All were not completely confident in examining the seven rheumatic conditions. >50% were somewhat or fairly confident in examining patients with RA, PsA, OA and gout. The majority found themselves either slightly or not confident in examining SLE, scleroderma and AS patients. Only one stated to have excellent knowledge on the treatment/management of one rheumatic condition, which was gout. 80% or more have above average knowledge on treatment/management of RA, OA and gout. 47.4% rated their knowledge to be poor in the treatment/management of PsA and SLE. Knowledge on treatment/management of scleroderma and AS was below average in > 84%. Following a rheumatology tutorial, everyone had confidence in examining all seven rheumatic diseases. 78.9% and above were either fairly or completely confident in examining patients with RA, PsA, OA, gout, scleroderma and AS versus 52.6% for SLE. All were above average in treating/managing RA, PsA, OA and gout. 78.9% or more have above average knowledge in treatment/management conditions like SLE, scleroderma and AS. Everyone who attended the tutorial felt that it contributed positively in their preparation towards examination and would like to have similar tutorials in future.
 Conclusion
 Knowledge in examining, treating and managing common rheumatic diseases is very poor amongst medical students. Rheumatology tutorials are beneficial to increase their knowledge and confidence. Attendance in rheumatology clinics should also be encouraged. P086 Table 1:Confidence in examining patients with common rheumatic conditions pre and post rheumatology tutorialNot confident at all (Pre, Post)Slightly confident (Pre, Post)Somewhat confident (Pre, Post)Fairly confident (Pre, Post)Completely confident (Pre, Post)Rheumatoid Arthritis0, 00, 110, 09, 110, 7Psoriatic Arthritis3, 02, 110, 14, 130, 4Osteoarthritis0, 00, 18, 011, 110, 6Gout1, 03, 18, 17, 120, 5Systemic Lupus Erythematosus5, 07, 45, 52, 90, 1Scleroderma11, 03, 24, 11, 150, 1Ankylosing Spondylitis10, 05, 13, 31, 120, 3
 Disclosure
 W. Ng: None. J. Devlin: None. A. Fraser: None.


In this paper, the physical meanings and various computing methods of characteristic modes (CMs) of dielectric and magnetic bodies are investigated. Two types of surface integral equation (SIE) formulations based on the dependent relationships between the equivalent surface electric and magnetic currents are proposed. Following the two types of SIE formulations, two generalized eigenvalue equations are established to determine the CMs of dielectric or magnetic bodies. This is in contrast to the approach using induced volume currents. It is found that the eigenvalues possess clear physical meanings similar to those of perfectly electric conducting bodies. The CMs can be used to describe the resonant features, including resonant frequencies and resonant field distributions. Numerical results are presented to validate the proposed formulations.


Objective:To understand the genotype distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis in Pa- tients from STIs Clinic.Methods:VS_1-VS_2 of ompl gene was amplified by nest PCR and se- quenced by a sequencer.Identity of VS_1 and VS_2 were analyzed and genotyped using DNAstar soft- ware.Results:9 serotypes were identified among the 37 chlamydia strains,one stain was type B (2.7%),5 strains were type D(13.5%),11 stains were type E(29.7%),5 strains were type F (13.5%),1 strain was type G(2.7%),3 strains were type H(8.1%),9 strains were type J (24.3 %),1 stain was type K (2.7 %).Conclusion:The most prevalent types in Fushan were type F,E,J and D.Study on the molecular epidemiology of C.trachomatis infection is important for controlling the transmission of special genotypes.


In order to gain insights on the impact and implications of implementing fair value on the U.S. property and casualty insurance industry, we first need to have a good understanding of how " fair value " is defined, and what differentiates it from current accounting practices under generally accepted accounting principles (" GAAP ") in effect in the United States today. Although there is currently not one standard definition of " fair value, " the definitions proposed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) 4 and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) 5 , are among the most commonly quoted. While not identical, the IASB and FASB definitions can be thought of as slightly different variations on the same general concept. In 1999, the IASB released an insurance issues paper in which it defined " fair value " as: " The amount for which an asset could be exchanged or a liability settled between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm's length transaction. " 6 The definition above was subsequently codified in IAS 39. FASB, in a Preliminary Views document also released in 1999, proposed the following alternative definition: " Fair value is an estimate of the price an enterprise would have realized if it had sold an asset or paid if it had been relieved of a liability on the reporting date in an arm's length exchange motivated by normal business considerations. That is, it is an estimate of an exit price determined by market interactions. " 7 More recently, FASB has modified its " fair value " definition in an update summary of Board decisions regarding its Fair Value Measurement project, defining fair value as: " The amount at which an asset or liability could be exchanged in a current transaction between knowledgeable unrelated willing parties when neither is acting under compulsion. " 8 4 According to the IASB web site, " The International Accounting Standards Board is an independent, privately funded accounting standard setter based in London, U.K. Board members come from nine countries and have a variety of functional backgrounds. The Board is committed to developing, in the public interest, a single set of high quality, understandable and enforceable global accounting standards that require transparent and comparable information in general purpose financial statements. In addition, the Board cooperates with national accounting standard setters to achieve convergence in accounting standards around the world. " 5 From the FASB …


This is a statement by Khalid Alyahya at the Board meeting of November 4, 1997 concerning the Country Assistance Strategy Progress Report, the Financial Sector Adjustment Credit, and the Southern Governorate Rural Development Project for Yemen.


This paper introduces a non-linear control scheme that supports near ideal transient recovery for high-frequency high-di/dt load-transients that exceed the control bandwidth in single-phase and multiphase buck converter VRMs. The new algorithm adapts the switching sequence for recovery using information obtained from a simple, plug-and-play, comparator-based observer of the output voltage. Detailed control algorithm is provided as well as implementation considerations for high-performance multiphase VRMs. The new control method is demonstrated via simulation on a multiphase VRM for complex load-profiles. Experimental verification has been carried out by intel certified-hardware of DDR4 emulation modules on a 12V-to-l.2V 120W multiphase buck VRM accommodating 80A load transients.


Reactions between the Lewis acids, SF4, F2SO, F2CO and CO2, radiolabelled with 14C, 18F and 35S as appropriate, and CsF or KF supported on γ-alumina have been studied under heterogeneous conditions at room temperature. Fluorine-containing Lewis acids react in two ways, with surface F– anions to form Lewis acid–base complexes and to fluorinate surface hydroxyl groups. Maximum surface F– anion activity occurs at a metal fluoride loading of 5.5 mmol g–1. The reaction between CsF or KF and γ-alumina to give hexafluoroaluminate salts, which occurs during the impregnation process, becomes more important as the metal fluoride loading increases over the range 0.6–20.0 mmol g–1. This reaction is accompanied by dehydroxylation of the surface of the support, but there is no evidence for the presence of free hydroxide anions.


The developments of cheap and environmentally benign synthetic methods remain the challenges facing scientists. Kaolin is an abundant and non-toxic mineral over the expensive and toxic aluminium alkoxides or inorganic salts used in the synthesis of mesoporous gamma alumina for industrial application. In this study, a novel synthesis of mesoporous γ-Al2O3 from Kano kaolin in the presence of non-toxic surfactant, polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (PS), is reported. For comparison alumina is synthesized using PEG-6000. To explore the effect of surfactant mixing mode, PS was added to the boehmite precursor prior and after precipitation. Furthermore, the influence of varying PS concentration and aging time were also studied. The mesoporous γ-Al2O3 was modified with NaOH using the wet impregnation method, and tested for the methanolysis of corn oil by batch reaction process. The reaction conditions for the methanolysis are 5% catalyst, 67 oC temperature, 1:15 oil to methanol molar ratio and 3 hours reaction time. The kaolin, alumina and the catalysts were characterized using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Thermogravimetric-Derivative Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), N2 Adsorption-Desorption, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Solid State 27Al MAS NMR, Basic Back Titration and Temperature-Programmed Desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD). The product biodiesel was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection Analysis (FTIR-ATR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Structural properties and morphology of the mesoporous γ-Al2O3 was found to improve with increasing surfactant amount from 0.45 g to 1.8 g and aging time from 1 to 2 days then dropped beyond that. Mesoporous γ-Al2O3 synthesized with 1.8 g PS, mixed after precipitation and age for 2 days possessed a surface area (SA) of 222.7 m2/g, narrow pore size distribution (PSD) of 5.6 nm and pore volume (PV) of 0.45 cm3/g. Whereas higher SA of 319.2 m2/g, PSD of 2.7 nm and PV of 0.42 cm3/g were obtained with mixing prior to precipitation. Although, alumina synthesized with PEG has higher SA of 365.1 m2/g, nevertheless, the one with PS have better thermal stability. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for the optimization of methanolysis reaction using four-level factorial Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Up to 98.9% yield was obtained using mesoporous γ-Al2O3 modified with 15% NaOH, 6% catalyst loading, 1:15 oil:methanol molar ratio and 2 hours reaction time. From kinetics study, the activation energy, 67.7 kJ mol-1, fall within the range 26-82 kJ mol-1 indicating that the methanolysis was kinetically controlled. The high value of k, 0.03386 min-1, was attributed to the presence of high levels of unsaturated FFA in corn oil. While from the thermodynamics evaluation the positive values of enthalpy and Gibb's free energy implied the methanolysis reaction is endothermic and non-spontaneous, whereas the negative entropy value suggested it is reversible. Result from catalyst reusability tests revealed that the catalyst is relatively stable.


This paper describes ten lessons that programs should consider when introducing innovations to automatically identify and verify the eligibilities of travelers as part of border control and customs processes. These lessons are drawn from focus group discussions comprising former members of IRIS program. We argue that these and similar lessons should be incorporated into a systematic methodology to stimulate collaboration between designers and stakeholders in order to improve complex decision-making regarding the value of introducing innovations for controlling borders.


Light and electron microscope examination of gastro-intestinal epithelia in the adult mouse revealed the widespread presence of a cell type characterized by deep surface invaginations or "caveolae" and, accordingly, called "caveolated cell."

The caveolated cells are scattered within the epithelia of stomach, small and large intestine; they have a narrow apex bordering the lumen and a wide base in contact with the basement membrane. In the light microscope, they display microvilli longer than in nearby cells; the cytoplasm is usually pale and contains an apical group of parallel fibrils, next to which are minute light spaces which may correspond to the caveolae. In the electron microscope, each fibril is found to be composed of a bundle of straight filaments, extending from the core of a microvillus down into the deeper portion of the supranuclear region; microtubules are often associated with these filaments. Filaments of a different type are arranged in bundles which go from desmosome to desmosome around the apical region of the cell. The caveolae are long and tortuous channels opening at the cell surface between the microvilli and extending deep into the cytoplasm. From the walls of caveolae, polyp-like structures project into the lumen. The heads of the polyps are believed to be released into this lumen where they appear as small spheres. These in turn may come out of the caveolae to appear between and next to the microvilli.

Caveolated cells are not numerous, e.g., they make up less than 1% of the epithelial cells in the crypts of descending colon. They may be found in the intestinal crypts among poorly differentiated cells, and at the surface of stomach and intestine among fully differentiated cells. They appear to undergo renewal, but since they have not been seen in mitosis, they probably arise from the differentiation of some other epithelial cells.


With the mining process of continuous improvement and continuous improvement of mechanization,hydraulic support in the formation of a unified removable downhole technology,which will help improve overall productivity,more efficient for staff and safer production to provide technical support.


We introduce the concepts of an integral of Green-Lebesgue type and the integral of Green-Lebesgue which generalizes the classical representation of a harmonic function inside a closed surface S by means of Green's formula. We give conditions for representability of a harmonic function by integrals of the above types. In this part of the work we consider the case of the unit sphere S.


In this work a new nanofabrication method was used to integrate nano-sized (down to 48x180nm 2 ) MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in to complete currentperpendicular-to-plane (CPP) devices. This alternative fabrication process combines micro and nano direct-write lithography techniques. The active elements are defined by electron beam and patterned by ion milling, while bottom and top electrodes are defined by conventional laser lithography. Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) of SiO2 passivation/planarization film allows contact to the top electrode of the buried pillar [2]. The TMR is calculated as (Rhigh-Rlow)/Rlow, where Rlow is the low resistance state, and Rhigh is the high resistance state. The samples presented in this abstract show the successful working and reproducibility of this process. The sucture of the samples presented are: • Samples 1/2/3 (from IBD): Ta(50)/Ru(200)/Ta(50)/MnIr(150)/CoFe(20/30/20)/Ru(8)/CoFeB(40)/MgO(7/7/10)/CoFeB(3 0/20/30)/Ru(30)/Ta(100)


Abstract While advanced melanoma remains one of the most challenging cancers, recent developments in our understanding of themolecular drivers of this disease have uncovered exciting opportunities to guide personalized therapeutic decisions.Genetic analyses of melanoma have uncovered several key molecular pathways that are involved in disease onset andprogression, as well as prognosis. These advances now make it possible to create a ''Molecular Disease Model'' (MDM) formelanoma that classifies individual tumors into molecular subtypes (in contrast to traditional histological subtypes), withproposed treatment guidelines for each subtype including specific assays, drugs, and clinical trials. This paper describessuch a Melanoma Molecular Disease Model reflecting the latest scientific, clinical, and technological advances. Citation: Vidwans SJ, Flaherty KT, Fisher DE, Tenenbaum JM, Travers MD, et al. (2011) A Melanoma Molecular Disease Model. PLoS ONE 6(3): e18257. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018257Editor: Timothy Ravasi, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi ArabiaReceived November 11, 2010; Accepted March 1, 2011; Published March 30, 2011Copyright: 2011 Vidwans et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permitsunrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Funding: SJV, JMT, MDT and JS are or were employees of CollabRx, Inc. a for-profit corporation. They played intimate roles in the research and preparation of themanuscript. There were no other external funding sources for this study.Competing Interests: SJV, JMT, MDT and JS are or were employees of CollabRx, Inc. a for-profit corporation. They played intimate roles in the research andpreparation of the manuscript. KTF has been a consultant to Roche/Genentech and GlaxoSmithKline. DEF has no financial or competing interests. There are nopatents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors'adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data andmaterials, as detailed online in the guide for authors..* E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com¤ Current address: SRI International, Bioinformatics Research Group, Menlo Park, California, United States of America


Methylene Blue (MB) is reduced to leuco-MB by methanol (koJ and arnines (kArrJ with kol""kAmiIO. The bleaching in methanol does not go to completion and the cessation is attributed to the deactivation of 3MB by leuco-Mli through an electron transfer process. The final e.m.f. (platinum electrode versus SeE) reached is independent of [Am] and the effect of varying [MB] and light intensity is in accordance with the processes;


Piver gives his perspective on the management of epithelial ovarian cancer in the elderly. This subject has been dealt with previously by numerous authors, with a general consensus that advancing age is an independent negative prognostic factor when multivariate statistics are applied to the multiple parameters affecting outcome


Synchronization is very important for multimedia real time communication in Internet. Scheduling mechanisms can't maintain the synchronization relationship among correlative streams at the network elements(NEs) today. A multimedia real time communication model is proposed based on RSVP and WFQ. By reserving resources for correlative streams in the same end to end path, and by doing correlative scheduling for these streams at each network element(NE) along the path, the steady timing relationship among the correlative streams' data units can be easily maintained. Thus the sinks can do synchronization easily because the time difference and delay jitter among correlative streams' data units can be reduced greatly through using this method.


We consider a hypothetical scenario of reactivity initiated accident in a nuclear power plant. The violence
of the so-called fuel-coolant interaction phenomena, that we arbitrarily assume to occur during the accident, depends
strongly on the flow rate of particles out of the gas pressurized rod in which they were initially confined. The aim
of this thesis was to study how this discharge rate is driven by the internal geometry and the pressurized gas. Fuel
particles were experimentally simulated by a dense granular material discharging out of a confined and pressurized
silo. The controlled parameters were the particle size, density and shape, the outlet size and the gas pressure, whereas
the granular and gas flow rates and the pressure along the silo are measured. Discrete and continuous numerical
simulations were performed on similar configurations.
We focused firstly on the discharge of a rectangular silo of thickness W, with a lateral outlet of size D and an
inclined bottom with a parametric angle. For a small inclination angle, the granular flow orientation depends on the
aspect ratio D/W due to the wall friction, whereas a large inclination angle fully determines this orientation. These
results were successfully reproduced by numerical simulations.
Secondly, we focused on two configurations with pressurized gas : a case with constant gas overpressure at the
top of the silo and a more transient case for which an initial larger overpressure initiates the rupture of an orifice. The
granular flow rate increases significantly with the gas flow, especially for the finer particles and the large overpressures.
In both cases, the flow rate scales with a modified Beverloo law where the gas pressure gradient near the outlet acts
as an additional driving force. The pressure gradient is well described by a Forchheimer resistance law through the
granular medium. We therefore propose a quasi-steady model for the transient description of the granular flow rate.
The two configurations were successfully reproduced by numerical simulations based on a continuum multiphase
model. For the larger flow rates, instabilities of the granular jet were found to be initiated by pressure oscillations
in the outlet region. The presence of water surrounding the silo only acts through an additional hydrostatic pressure
effect.


The article considers the concerns raised about the implementation of mandatory food fortification in Australia. Mandatory food fortification, the compulsory addition of nutrients to food products, is a powerful policy approach for public health nutrition. The danger in exposing every Australians to increased amounts of nutrients is discussed. Mandate folate fortification is being assessed by Food Standards Australia New Zealand due to the increased cases of neural tube defects in Australia.


Groups of field-grown apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) cv. Summerred were exposed to natural rainfall, deionized water spray or simulated acid rain at pH 5.6, pH 4.0 or pH 3.0, from pre-bloom to harvest. Ripe fruit from these groups were compared for changes in chemical composition attributable to the acidity received. Fruits from trees exposed to deionized water had the highest dry weight, ascorbic acid and sugar concentrations, and the lowest levels of heavy metals. There were no real differences between fruits from trees that had received ambient rainfall and those that had been treated with pH 5.6 spray, but the pH 3.0 spray significantly reduced dry matter, potassium, calcium, sugars and ascorbic acid, and increased total acidity, nitrogen and heavy metals in the pulp. Changes induced by the pH 4.0 spray were similar but less severe, and did not always reach statistical significance.


Educators define three factors of interaction or as they refer to the 3 C's in education: Children (children), Community (communication), and Computer (computers) [1].  Information and Communication Technologies are an integral tool of the educational process for modern educational systems, helping the learning process to turn from passive to active, pushing each student to learn independence and autonomy. In recent years, the sciences of education have turned their attention and have already recognized the importance of games and even digital games as a learning tool, emphasizing the benefits for students with or without educational needs.


Everything you need to know to begin a research project Some tips and tricks on picking a good research topic


OBJECTIVES
To develop gender-specific graphic tool in which BMI cut offs can be read from height and weight, without need for calculating BMI and to validate tool against Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) 2015 BMI charts.

Methods
Validation of tool was performed using de-identified data on children from school health surveys.

RESULTS
For detection of overweight and obesity, BMI tool had sensitivity of 95.7% and specificity 85.7% for boys, and 95.7% and 89.7% for girls, respectively. For underweight, sensitivity of 100% for boys and girls, and specificity of 88.9% for boys and 82.4% for girls was observed.

CONCLUSION
We present a graphic BMI tool for screening for underweight, overweight and obesity, which complements the existing IAP charts.


The present invention describes a film structure which comprises a plurality of microcups and the microcups are filled with a liquid composition and top-sealed with a sealing layer which is hardened in situ. The liquid composition may be a display fluid or a pharmaceutical composition. The present invention is directed to a liquid crystal display, a display device and a transdermal delivery system.


The methodology adopted by the Pelagic Fishery Project, Cochin for surveying
the surface fish schools with sonar equipment, is described. The estimates of the
biomass arrived at from the surveys conducted during 1975-'78 are presented.
Estimation of fishery resources is
important as the magnitude of the standing
stock determines the fishing effort to be
expended, as also the period and area for
this purpose. In recent times electronic
instruments are being extensively used in
this estimation. Vessels fitted with the
instruments scan the coasts to locate and
estimate the different varieties of comrnercially
important fishes.


Buddhism, like Hinduism, Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism and Confucianism, has been formally acknowledged in Indonesia. In addition to this, not only have those religions been acknowledged by the state but recently there has also been recognition of the local beliefs rooted in the Indonesian archipelago. Until now, there has been a lack of studies on Buddhism in Bali since Bali has been known as a part of the Hindu mosaic in Southeast Asia. However, it is important to understand the existence of Buddhism in Bali and its relationship with Southeast Asia in particular and Asia in general. Indeed, from the historical perspective, we know that in Bali the relation between Hinduism and Buddhism could not be separated, so finding the Buddhism contribution in shaping the Balinese multicultural society is a significant issue. To contribute to the discussion, this paper will address some important questions: Firstly, what are the lessons of Buddhism in terms of religious and philosophical aspects? Secondly, to what extent did Buddhism spread in Bali? And, Thirdly, what was the contribution of Buddhism in the context of philosophical concepts in the making of the nation/state building in the regions? By looking at these issues, it is expected to reach a better understanding of how Buddhism has contributed significantly in the creation of a multicultural society in Asia in general and in Southeast Asia in particular.


The rotor assembly (10) comprises a number of rotor segments (110) forming a rotor structure (100) and a central structure (200) connected to the rotor structure (100) and at least partially arranged between at least two of the rotor segments (110), for example surrounded by the rotor structure. A wind turbine generator comprising a stator assembly (300) and said rotor assembly (10) and a wind turbine comprising such a generator are also provided.


Rapid identification of Salmonella, and differentiation from other non-fermenting, H2S-positive or -negative bacteria, comprises treating the test culture medium with a reagent contg. an ester of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), or other fluorophore, with a 7-10C carboxylic acid, this ester being specifically affected by bacterial enzyme. The resulting fluorescence is observed within 1-5 min. Specifically, 4-methylumbelliferone octanoate (I) is used as reagent, esp. impregnated into paper disks or cotton pads.


Significance Ascofuranone (AF) and ascochlorin (AC) are fungal natural products with similar chemical structures, originally isolated from Acremonium egyptiacum. Both have many useful biological properties; in particular, AF is a promising drug candidate against the tropical disease, African trypanosomiasis. However, the difficulty of the synthetic method and the inaccessibility of bioengineering methods have inhibited industrial production. This study identified all of the genes required for the branched biosynthetic pathways of AF/AC, which are clustered at two separate loci in the genome. In addition, we established the A. egyptiacum strain selectively producing AF, by genetically blocking the AC biosynthetic pathway. This study benefits the field of combinatorial biosynthesis through presenting biocatalysts and paves the way to cost-effective AF production with bioengineering. Ascofuranone (AF) and ascochlorin (AC) are meroterpenoids produced by various filamentous fungi, including Acremonium egyptiacum (synonym: Acremonium sclerotigenum), and exhibit diverse physiological activities. In particular, AF is a promising drug candidate against African trypanosomiasis and a potential anticancer lead compound. These compounds are supposedly biosynthesized through farnesylation of orsellinic acid, but the details have not been established. In this study, we present all of the reactions and responsible genes for AF and AC biosyntheses in A. egyptiacum, identified by heterologous expression, in vitro reconstruction, and gene deletion experiments with the aid of a genome-wide differential expression analysis. Both pathways share the common precursor, ilicicolin A epoxide, which is processed by the membrane-bound terpene cyclase (TPC) AscF in AC biosynthesis. AF biosynthesis branches from the precursor by hydroxylation at C-16 by the P450 monooxygenase AscH, followed by cyclization by a membrane-bound TPC AscI. All genes required for AC biosynthesis (ascABCDEFG) and a transcriptional factor (ascR) form a functional gene cluster, whereas those involved in the late steps of AF biosynthesis (ascHIJ) are present in another distantly located cluster. AF is therefore a rare example of fungal secondary metabolites requiring multilocus biosynthetic clusters, which are likely to be controlled by the single regulator, AscR. Finally, we achieved the selective production of AF in A. egyptiacum by genetically blocking the AC biosynthetic pathway; further manipulation of the strain will lead to the cost-effective mass production required for the clinical use of AF.


SUMMARY More than 2000 instrumentally recorded earthquakes occurring in the Iran region during the period 1918‐2004 have been relocated and reassessed, with special attention to focal depth, using an advanced technique for 1-D earthquake location. A careful review of starting depths, association of teleseismic depth phases, and the effects of reading errors on these phases are made and, when necessary, waveforms have been examined to better constrain EHB focal depths. Uncertainties in EHB epicentres are on the order of 10‐15 km in the Iran region, owing to the Earth's lateral heterogeneity and uneven station distribution. Uncertainties of reviewed EHB focal depth estimates are on the order of 10 km, as compared to about 4 km for long-period P and SH body-waveform inversions. Nevertheless, these EHB depth estimates are sufficiently accurate to resolve robust differences in focal depth distribution throughout the Iran region and, within their errors, show patterns that are in agreement with the smaller number of earthquakes whose depths have been confirmed by body-wave modelling or local seismic networks. The importance of this result is that future earthquakes with apparently anomalous depths can easily be identified, and checked, if necessary. Most earthquakes in the Iranian continental lithosphere occur in the upper crust, with the crustal shortening produced by continental collision accommodated entirely by thickening and distributed deformation. In the Zagros Mountains nearly all earthquakes are confined to the upper crust (depths <20 km), and there is no evidence for a seismically active subducted slab dipping NE beneath central Iran. By contrast, in southeastern Iran, where the Arabian seafloor is being subducted beneath the Makran coast, low-level earthquake activity occurs in the upper crust as well as to depths of at least 150 km within a northward-dipping subducting slab. Near the Oman Line, a region transitional between the Zagros and the Makran, seismicity extends to depths of up to 30‐45 km in the crust, consistent with low-angle thrusting of Arabian basement beneath central Iran. In north-central Iran, along the Alborz mountain belt, seismic activity occurs primarily in the upper crust but with some infrequent events in the lower crust, particularly in the western part of the belt (the Talesh), where the South Caspian basin underthrusts NW Iran. Earthquakes that occur in a band across the central Caspian, following the Apscheron‐Balkhan sill between Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, have depths in the range 30‐100 km, deepening northwards. These are thought to be connected with either incipient or remnant northeast subduction of the South Caspian basin basement beneath the east-west trending Apscheron‐Balkhan sill. Curiously, in this region of genuine mantle seismicity, there is no evidence for earthquakes shallower than 30 km.


Experimental data are presented on dosages of galactic and solar cosmic rays for the first half of the 21st cycle of solar activity under shielded conditions which were obtained on board the Prognoz satellites. It is shown that the estimates made on the basis of a model description of the spectra for the galactic cosmic rays and of the methodology for calculating dosages from galactic and solar cosmic rays correspond well with measurement results.


This paper proposes an LED driving circuit with a digital controller, power factor correct (PFC) function, and low light flicker. The key topology of the proposed circuit is a conventional Flyback combined with a pre-stage. As a result, there will be less light flicker than with other one- stage PFC circuits. A digital controller, implemented using a low-cost microcontroller, dsPIC30F2020, will meet PFC and low light flicker. The experimental results validate the functionality of the proposed circuit.


Managerial readiness Study Survey results (statistics, percentages) Management support / attitudes Productivity crisis Outputs versus work processes Cost savings Alternative strategies..


This work is a Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (PEIR) on Bulgaria by the World Bank. The objective of this Country Study is to outline policies and institutional issues to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public expenditures in Bulgaria. It assesses fiscal sustainability and analyzes the efficiency and effectiveness of public expenditures and their institutional framework. Bulgaria has made substantial progress toward long-term macroeconomic stability, but important challenges remain in the five sectors analyzed - education, health, social protection, the state railways, and energy sectors. It also covers the institutional challenges in public expenditure management.


Over the past decades, the demands placed on education systems have changed. Workers in the labour market need certain competences such as technical, methodological, social and personal competences. The aim of education today is to create a new educational paradigm that prepares the workforce of the future for the new challenges. This change is accompanied by the introduction of new didactic concepts such as blended learning, which combines the advantages of face-to-face and online learning with the use of digital teaching tools that can help develop the desired competences. The pandemic has led to a huge and rapid increase in the use of digital tools in education, which has necessitated the development of guidelines for their use. Therefore, the aim of this work is to present the digital tools that have been introduced into education and that require the development of digital competences by students and teachers, thus enabling teachers and managers of educational institutions to take advantage of the use of digital tools in the post-pandemic renewed situation.


Random numbers play a vital role in cryptography, where they are used to generate keys, nonce, one-time pads, and initialization vectors for symmetric encryption. The quality of random number generator (RNG) has significant implications on vulnerability and performance of these algorithms. A pseudo-RNG uses a deterministic algorithm to produce numbers with a distribution very similar to uniform. True RNGs (TRNGs), on the other hand, use some natural phenomenon/process to generate random bits. They are nondeterministic, because the next number to be generated cannot be determined in advance. In this paper, a novel on-chip noise source, random telegraph noise (RTN), is exploited for simple and reliable TRNG. RTN, a microscopic process of stochastic trapping/detrapping of charges, is usually considered as a noise and mitigated in design. Through physical modeling and silicon measurement, we demonstrate that RTN is appropriate for TRNG, especially in highly scaled MOSFETs. Due to the slow speed of RTN, we purpose the system for on-chip seed generation for random number. Our contributions are: 1) physical model calibration of RTN with comprehensive 65- and 180-nm transistor measurements; 2) the scaling trend of RTN, validated with silicon data down to 28 nm; 3) design principles to achieve 50% signal probability by using intrinsic RTN physical properties, without traditional postprocessing algorithms, the generated sequence passes the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests; and 4) solutions to manage realistic issues in practice, including multilevel RTN signal, robustness to voltage and temperature fluctuations and the operation speed.


Aiming at the characteristic that the vibration signals of hydraulic pump usually have strong nonlinearity and low signal-to-noise ratio, this article presents a novel hydraulic pump degradation feature extraction method based on improved local characteristic-scale decomposition and multi-fractal spectrum. First of all, the original vibration signal is decomposed into the independent intrinsic scale components by local characteristic-scale decomposition, and the main intrinsic scale components which contain the sensitive degradation information are selected by mutual information. And then, the multi-fractal parameters of the main intrinsic scale components are calculated. The presenting capability of four fractal spectrum parameters on hydraulic pump degradation state is analyzed, and as a result, the multi-fractal spectrum width Δ α is finally selected as the degradation feature parameter. Finally, the degradation features are inputted into a binary tree support vector machine to recognize the degradation states. The application results indicated that the proposed method can recognize the degradation states of hydraulic pump effectively.


Results are reported from a radiological survey of the diagnostic x-ray facility to determine the levels of exposures encountered in scattering under normal operating conditions. A survey was made of the air dosages received by operating personnel and those undergoing diagnostic study. The results indicate that, the exposures received by operating and subject personnel do not approach permissible levels recommended as maximum by the National Committee on Radiation Protection. (C.H.)


law as a whole. One can only regret that the Introduction entirely fails to discuss the central role of Fanti Customary Laws in the administration of customary law in Ghana and concentrates instead on the political background to its original writing. Whether the right way to write a modern book on customary law is to re-issue or re-edit an old one is a questionable proposition, but there is still scope for a work which would do what the J. P. C. wished to have done long ago, viz. restate the contemporary customary law of the Fante. One last carping point: one is accustomed to those who cite this book incorrectly referring to it as Fanti Customary Law in the singular, but it is rather disturbing to find the editor himself in his Introduction making the same mistake. A. N. ALLOTT


The multimedia teaching method has been widely used in university Ideological and Political Education course teaching, thus making PPT courseware becomes the matter every ideological and political education teacher must face. This paper explores the problems in PPT making and ways of solution.


The effect of irradiation of three acyclic βγ-unsaturated ketones (1f–h) at 313 nm has been investigated, with 2,2-dimethylbutane, hexadecane and t-butyl alcohol as solvents. The photoproducts are those formed by recombination of the allyl radicals resulting from initial α-cleavage of the excited ketone, by a 1,3-acyl shift [from (1f)], and by decarbonylation [ from (1h)]. With (1f and g) small amounts of biacetyl were found and no carbon monooxide, whereas with (1h) substantial amounts of carbon mono-oxide and no α-diketone were observed. The quantum yields for ketone disappearance and product formation are reported. The effects of α- and α′-methyl substitution on the quantum yield of ketone disappearance is very small. Solvents of higher viscosity (hexadecane and t-butyl alcohol) were found to promote the solvent-cage radical combination reactions. By use of tri-n-butylstannane as a radical scavenger, it was shown (i) that at least 40% of the initially formed free radicals from (1f and g) recombine to yield the starting compound, (ii) that with (1f) at least 45% of the 1,3-acyl shift product is formed via a free radical pathway, (iii) that with (1h) at least 85% of the decarbonylation product is formed from free radicals, and (iv) that the decarbonylation of the isobutyryl radical scarcely occurs in the solvent cage. The acetonephotosensitized conversions of (1f–h) are slow in comparison with the photodecomposition of acetone.


Introduction, including synopses of the essays and some discussion of how they are interrelated. As it is, the editors justify the brevity of their Introduction on the grounds that 'the chapters of this volume are fairly self-standing' (p. 5)—although, in fact, I think that this is rather less true of the present volume than it is of many such collections of essays. The editors do provide a fairly useful, if very brief, guide to background reading at the end of their Introduction, but I still think that they could have made the volume more accessible to non-experts, including more advanced students of formal and philosophical logic, by putting more effort into their Introduction. That said, this is certainly a very welcome addition to the burgeoning literature on both deflationism and the paradoxes.


Spacecraft surface charging during geomagnetically disturbed times is one of the most important causes of satellite anomalies. Predicting the surface charging environment is one prevalent task of the geospace environment models. Therefore, the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) Focus Group "Inner Magnetosphere Cross‐energy/Population Interactions" initiated a community‐wide challenge study to assess the capability of several inner magnetosphere ring current models in determining surface charging environment for the Van Allen Probes orbits during the 17 March 2013 storm event. The integrated electron flux between 10 and 50 keV is used as the metrics. Various skill scores are applied to quantitatively measure the modeling performance against observations. Results indicate that no model consistently perform the best in all of the skill scores or for both satellites. We find that from these simulations the ring current model with observational flux boundary condition and Weimer electric potential driver generally reproduces the most realistic flux level around the spacecraft. A simple and weaker Volland‐Stern electric field is not capable of effectively transporting the same plasma at the boundary toward the Earth. On the other hand, if the ring current model solves the electric field self‐consistently and obtains similar strength and pattern in the equatorial plane as the Weimer model, the boundary condition plays another crucial role in determining the electron flux level in the inner region. When the boundary flux spectra based on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model/empirical model deviate from the shape or magnitude of the observed distribution function, the simulation produces poor skill scores along Van Allen Probes orbits.


The ability of heavy-ion beams to enhance the adhesion of thin metallic films to substrates has been studied as a function of projectile species. Measurements of the adhesion enhancement of a thin gold film to substrates of tantalum and silicon (with native oxides) have been made for beams of ^12C, ^16O, ^28Si, ^35Cl, and ^58Ni at 2.85 MeV/nucleon. The threshold dose required to pass the Scotch tape peel test was found for the Au-Ta system to be D th (cm^−2) = 10^17 ( dE / dx )^−3±0.2 where dE/dx is the electronic stopping power (MeV mg^−1 cm^−2) of the ion in Au. For the Au-Si system, D th = 6×10^18 ( dE/dx )^−4.1±0.3. The steep dependence of D th on dE/dx found here is in contrast with an earlier measurement for the Au-Ta system by Tombrello et al. The adhesion enhancement was observed to decrease with time after the bombardment in a manner suggesting that diffusion of atoms through the gold film is important. The possible importance of small concentrations of extraneous atoms at the interface is discussed.


Taiwan's higher education has entered a phase of popularization since the beginning of 21century. With the public corporation movement of national universities and the development of private universities,Taiwan's higher education is undergoing a profound transition. With the decrease of funds and perspective students, and the fiercer market completion, Taiwan's higher education system has to carry out a series of reforms such as independent and democratic management, and collegial combination and evaluation, whose theme is to improve the education quality and strengthen the colleges' power in international competition. But there are still many serious problems in the process of reform.


Abstract: Magnesium alloys are widely used in aircraft and automotive components because of their inherent light weight compared to other engineering metals. However, premature corrosion is one of the challenges associated with magnesium. In the aerospace industry, many expensive castings cannot be reclaimed adequately because current methods are often inappropriate due to excessive porosity, oxidation and thermal damage. Cold spray is a solid-state coating process that uses a supersonic gas jet to accelerate small particles against a substrate to produce metal bonding by rapid plastic deformation of the impacting particles. Significantly, magnesium components can be repaired, restored and protected by cold spray deposition of pure aluminum which has thus already been specified by some aerospace users as a standard technique for magnesium repair. In this chapter, the state of the art of commercial cold spray technologies for magnesium repair will be discussed, as well as their advantages and limitations compared to traditional thermal processes.


Social networking sites, such as Facebook, offer a fast-paced medium for social interaction. Consequently the amount of social engagement that users produce tends to be short-lived. The current study investigates the length of time a Facebook post continues to engage users. The posts of 100 participants, 50 men and 50 women, were followed for a 24- hour period. Results indicate that on average they receive the largest number of social engagements (i.e., likes and comments) within the first 2 to 4 hours (53%), and rarely after 24 hours.


By using the Fick's second law, the carbon concentration of phase γ at non equilibrium interface and its distribution in austenite during the decomposition of austenite to ferrite in Fe C alloys were calculated. For example, it takes 160 s at 1?025 K, 210 s at 975 K, 270 s at 925 K and 580 s at 875 K for reaching the equilibrium carbon concentrations of phase γ at the α/γ interface in Fe 0.2C alloy, and the relationship between the ratio C γ int /C γ/α and the time meets the parabola law with parabola exponents of 0.167 39, 0.235 97, 0.319 87 and 0 389 44 at 1?025 K, 975 K, 925 K and 875 K respectively. The decrease of the diffusion velocity of carbon in austenite with the increase of under cooling would be counteracted by the increase of driving force for pro eutectoid ferrite formation before soft impingement of ferrite grains with each other; but the effect of diffusion is more intensive than that of driving force at the later stage.


In this paper, we have developed a pixel compensation circuit that utilizes six LTPS TFTs and one capacitor for AMOLED displays by voltage-programmed method. The proposed pixel circuit can compensate the threshold voltage variation of TFT and extend OLED lifetime, which is able to show better compensation performances.


To properly identify the stage of development and coupling between urbanization and water utilization is the premise of research on relations between people and water in a specified period and specified region.The urbanization level,total water utilization,water use efficiency,and water consumption per capita in three cities in the Jiulong River Watershed,Zhangzhou,Longyan,and Xiamen,were quantitatively analyzed.Subsequently,the constraint on water resources was verified to be present and a method was proposed to measure it.Both Longyan and Zhangzhou were shown to be in the middle stage of urbanization,and Xiamen was shown to be in the later stage of urbanization at present.During the processes of urbanization of Xiamen and Zhangzhou,there had been constraints on water resources,with the intensity of Zhangzhou was higher than that of Xiamen.Through comprehensive analysis,the coupling between the urbanization and water resources for Longyan was in a relatively peaceful adaptation stage.Zhangzhou was in the resistant stage,whereas Xiamen was in the phase between adaptation and advanced harmony.


ON ORIGIN OF ALLOCHTONEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE MAGURSKA AND KASPROWA NIŻNA CAVES (TATRA MTS) IN THE LIGHT OF ANALYSES OF HEAVY MINERALS

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Uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase (UDPGD) is the enzyme responsible for the production of uridine diphospho(UDP)-glucuronate, an essential monosaccharide in the biosynthesis of hyaluronan, which is found in high concentrations in normal synovial fluid. Synovial lining cells have been implicated in the synthesis of hyaluronan, but the degree to which they are adapted metabolically to this function in normal and inflamed synovium has not been established. Using a quantitative cytochemical method it was shown that synovial lining cells from chronically inflamed rabbit synovium had significantly lower UDPGD activity per cell than the lining cells of normal synovium. These findings suggest that the lining cells of normal non-inflamed synovium may be enzymatically adapted for the synthesis of hyaluronan and that this may be an indication of a specific role of synovial lining cells in the maintenance of normal joint function.


Active antisera containing antibodies to deproteinized DNA preparations of mouse normal and leukemic tissues have been obtained. Examination of antisera by the quantitative complement fixation test with the corresponding test antigens has demonstrated immunological specificity of DNA preparations isolated from the organs of mice with leukemia induced by oncornaviruses. The DNA specificity in question is inherent not only in the native but also in the thermodenatured molecule of DNA.


The experiential teaching is a kind of teaching mode and is based on constructivism.It regards experience as the effective and important element,which highlights the value and the status of experience in teaching.This paper introduces the methods of the experiential teaching in university P.E.class.With well-designed sports activities,games and situations,the principal status of students and the leading role of the teacher become clear.In the process of mutual teaching,autonomic and creative learning of students are put into full play,which would bring them fantastic experience in body,mind,emotion and even psyche.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of perimenopausal syndrome treated by Zishen Jianpi decoction. Methods 100 patients with perimenopausal syndrome were randomly divided into two groups. 60 cases in treatment group were treated by Zishen Jianpi decoction. 40 cases in control group were treated by routine western medicine. The course was three months in two groups. The levels of FSH and E2 before and after treatment and the improvement of major clinical perimenopausal symptoms were observed. Results The levels of FSH after treatment were decreased as compared with those before treatment in two groups( P 0. 05). E2 levels was increased after treatment in two groups( P 0. 05). There was no significant difference between two groups on the levels of FSH and E2,and the improvement of major clinical perimenopausal symptoms( P 0. 05). Conclusion Zishen Jianpi decoction can significantly alleviate clinical symptoms in perimenopausal syndrome,it can significantly improve their quality of life,partly improve ovarian function,and delay the aging ovary.


State space models provide a useful stochastic description for dynamic phenomena, based on unobserved or latent variables. When the model rests on linear and Gaussian assumptions there exists a well-known iterative procedure, called the Kalman filter, which gives analytic updating recursion for the filtering, the prediction and the smoothing distributions. However, this is rare and a state space model does not usually admit such a filter. For this reason, instead of looking for analytic solutions, a number of papers aim to define alternative procedures, giving numerical or approximate solutions. This paper concerns a particular class of models based on the assumption that the mixed process, obtained by alternating states and observations, is a Markov process. The main features of this class of models, proposed for stochastic volatility description by Barndorff-Nielsen (1997), are emphasized. In this framework, some new non-linear Gaussian state space models, computationally tractable and of potential interest for applications, may be defined.


The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a major global public health concern.  Although rapid point of care testing for detecting viral antigen is important for management the outbreak, none of current antigen detection kits provide a reliable diagnosis due to the lack of a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against SARS-CoV-2. In our current study, we produced mAbs exclusively react with SARS-CoV-2 and exhibited no cross-reactivity with other human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV. Molecular modeling revealed that the mAbs bound to epitopes present on the exterior surface of the nucleocapsid, encompassing their scope for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. We further selected the optimal pair of anti-SARS-CoV-2 NP mAbs for designing ELISA and immunochromatographic assay. An integrated bioinformatics analysis revealed that our mAbs could comprehensively detect divergent strains of SARS-CoV-2. Due to the high redundancy and absence of cross-reactivity, our newly developed mAbs would be instrumental for developing reliable diagnosis kits for COVID-19.

Funding: This work was supported in part by Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED, Grant number: JP19fk0108110 and JP20he0522001), and by Health Labour Sciences research grant from The Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare.

Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest directly relevant to the content of this article. YY, SK, KS and DA is a current employee of Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.

Ethical Approval: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yokohama City University (IRB No. B200800106), and the protocols used in the study were approved by the ethics
committee.


Introduction: Congestive hepatopathy is increasingly recognized as a complication of Fontan physiology. Prospective data regarding the incidence of hepatopathy and risk factors for its development ...


Febrile seizure (FS) is considered the most common form of convulsive disease during infancy and young childhood (Stafstrom, 2002). Febrile seizure has been defined by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) as a seizure which occurs between the ages of 6 months and 5 years in febrile children do not suffer from intracranial infection, metabolic abnormality, or history of afebrile seizure (American Academy of pediatrics, 2008).


The results of 402 surgical operations using high-energy laser on the organs of the hepatopancreatobillary system are given. Using laser apparatus with three wavelengths with an output up to 100 W makes it possible to carry out the dissection of tissues of the pancreas, liver, spleen with effective hemostasis. We demonstrated the advantage of laser resection of the pancreas before electrocoagulation, we have also proved carrying out of laser wirsungectomy for the elimination of peripheral ductal hypertension in the body of the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis. The use of laser radiation in laparoscopic procedures on the organs of hepatopancreatobiliary system increases the safety of these operations. An original «hybrid» technology of draini ng liver cysts under ultrasound control was suggested.


ERASMUS+ KA2: Strategic partnership. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: QUALITY MENTORSHIP FOR DEVELOPING COMPETENT NURSING STUDENTS. "This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein."


Epidemiological evidence strongly links fish oil, which is rich in n‐3 PUFAs: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), with low incidences of several types of cancer. However, the molecular mechanism for the anticancer actions of n‐3 PUFA remains unknown. We investigated a role of N‐SMYase in mediating the anticancer effect of DHA and EPA on breast cancer cell growth. DHA and EPA inhibited growth of MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells in culture in a dose dependent manner. Concentrations of DHA and EPA as low as 25 μM inhibited proliferation by up to 20–25% (P<0.05). N‐SMYase activity was increased by 70–75% (P<0.05) in n‐3 PUFA‐treated cells. Upon fractionation of tumor cell membranes, DHA was shown to enhance N‐SMYase activity in the detergent‐soluble (non‐raft) fractions. Treatment of cells with DHA or EPA appears to translocate only N‐SMYase‐2 (not SMYase‐1) from plasma membranes to cytosolic regions as assayed by immunocytochemistry. Translocation of N‐SMYase‐2 was further confirmed using western analysis in isolated plasma membrane and cytosolic fractions. The results indicate that approximately 50–60% of total plasma membrane N‐SMYase‐2 moves into the cytosolic fractions. Furthermore, the N‐SMYase inhibitor (GW4869) reduced DHA‐ or EPA‐induced apoptosis by 40% (P<0.05). Similarly, treatment of breast cancer cells by siRNA against N‐SMYase‐2 improved survival of DHA‐treated breast cancer cells by 35–40%. In conclusion, our results suggest n‐3 PUFA‐treatment inhibits breast cancer cell growth, which appears to be mediated through activation and translocation of N‐SMYase‐2.


The paper deals with the study of pollen analysis of 12 extracted (apary) honey samples from agricultural areas of Tenala, Bapatla and Repalle mandals. Guntur district, Andra Pradesh. Seven of the samples were found to be uniflora and five multifloral honeys. Mimosa pudica (53.6 degrees, 49.8 degrees and 49.6 degrees) formed the predominant pollen type in the three samples while Spandus emargnatus (70.16 degrees and 63.0 degrees) in two samples; Capsicum jrutescens (60.2 degrees) and Prospy juliflora (58.2 degrees) represent the predominant pollen types in one sample each. A total types referable to 38 families have been recorded in these honey samples. Cucumis sp. Phonix sylvestris, Hygroplula sp., Sopubia delphnifolra sp., Brassia nigra, Cleome gynandra, Phyla nodiflora, Momordica charanna, Rictnus conminis, Tradax procmber and Citrus lemon are significant pollen types in these honeys other than the predominant ones.


Based on bibliographic research, the article analyzes how queer architecture challenged gentrification, real estate speculation, and segregation of minorities in creative cities. The results show that the architecture of queer spaces can be understood as a practice of gender and sexual resistance and biopolitical disobedience, as the capitalist architecture worked as a biopolitical technology for producing gender and sexuality and shaping political and sexual identities through techniques of surveillance and the construction of the public/private divide for controlling gender and sexual reproduction.


The central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is believed to eject double-sided ultrarelativistic jets. For an observed GRB, one of the twin jets points toward us and is responsible for the prompt gamma-ray and subsequent afterglow emission. We consider in this Letter the other receding jet, which is expected to give rise to late-time radio rebrightening (RRB) when it becomes nonrelativistic (NR) and radiatively isotropic. The RRB peaks at a time 5tNR = 2(Ej, 51/n)1/3 yr after the GRB (where tNR is the observed NR timescale for the preceding jet, Ej is the jet energy, and n is the ambient medium density). The peak flux is comparable to the preceding jet emission at tNR. We expect the RRB of GRB 030329 1.7 yr after the burst, with a flux of ~0.6 mJy at 15 GHz. The cases of GRBs 970508 and 980703 have also been discussed. The detection of RRB, which requires a dense monitoring campaign as much as a few years after a GRB, will be the direct evidence for the existence of double-sided jets in GRBs and prove the black hole-disk system formation in the cores of progenitors.


BACKGROUND: Aminoglycoside-loaded bone cement (ALBC) implants are frequently used in orthopedic surgery. Parenteral aminoglycosides are known to cause nephrotoxicity. Reports of acute renal failure in patients receiving ALBC implants have been reported in the literature and at our hospital. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, as part of a performance improvement project, whether patients undergoing arthroplasty procedures have detectable aminoglycoside serum concentrations following ALBC implantation and to evaluate corresponding changes in serum creatinine. METHODS: Patients undergoing hip or knee revision or resection4-up clinic visit when possible. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were evaluated: 13 women and 4 men with a mean age of 69 years (range 50-84). Eight patients had a preoperative diagnosis of infection and received high-dose ALBC implants as treatment and 9 patients received lower-dose ALBC implants for infection prophylaxis. Eight patients had detectable aminoglycoside serum concentrations (mean 0.42 μg/mL; range 0.3 to 2.0); 1 patient had an aminoglycoside serum concentration of 0.9 μg/mL on postoperative day 38. Patients who did not have a detectable aminoglycoside serum concentration on the first postoperative day did not have a detectable concentration in the following serum samples. Six patients had elevation of serum creatinine by greater than 0.3 mg/dL from baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients in this study is small; however, this report raises a potential concern for the safety of high-dose ALBC implants. We recommend measuring aminoglycoside serum concentrations in the early postoperative period to identify patients in need of further monitoring. Further studies are needed to determine risk factors for systemic toxicity.


Background: Hyoscine-N-butylbromide is a potent anticholinergic agent with its prominent spasmolytic action on uterus and cervix smooth-muscle in the first stage of labor. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Hyoscine-N-butylbromide on the acceleration of labor and rupture of the cervix in primigravida women. Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted at Ali Ibn-e- Abi Talib hospital of Zahedan on primigravida women (n=105). With the initiation of active phase of labor either Hyoscine-N-butylbromide (40 mg, i.v.) or Saline (2 ml) was administered. Duration of the first, second and third stages of labor and the rate of cervix rupture were compared in two groups. Results: A significant difference was seen for the duration of the first stage of labor (181±59.1 versus 208.2±48.5 min) in two groups (P=0.012).There was no significant difference for the duration of the second and third stages of labor. Although rate of cervix rupture was lower in the Hyoscine group, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Hyoscine-N-butylbromide is effective in accelerating the first stage of labor and has no effect on the rate of cervix rupture and postpartum hemorrhage.


ObjectiveTo investigate the physical developme nt status and anemia prevalence of children in economically developed areas. MethodsAbout 9 108 children aged 4-8 years were selected by two-s t age stratified sampling in Guangzhou city. The anthropometric data (weight, heig ht, skillfold thickness and upper arm circumferences) were collected, and Z scor es based on WHO standard were used to evaluate physical development status of ch ildren. ResultsThe rates of underweight, overweight and stunti ng for boys were 3.75%, 6.67%, 3.24%, for girls, the rates were 2.98%, 5.01%, 2. 43% respectively. The average WHZ, WAZ and HAZ of children at all age stages in Guangzhou were lower than zero, however the means of WAZ were larger than the me ans of HAZ. ConclusionThe physical development of children age d 4-8 years in Guangzhou has improved greatly, but nutrition education should a lso be strengthened.


This paper focus on the game of transmission and retelling inherent in Henry James's novella 'The Turn of the Screw' and focuses on the 16 film adaptations that have been made since the 1950s. James wrote the tale as an experiment in form--the perfect hybrid of drama and the novel and an "amusette to catch those not easily caught", as he said. The narrative set-up involves the I-narrator turning over his authority of the story to a woman, the governess, who tells her tale imperfectly, leaving too many blanks to fill and allowing for two contradictory readings of the tale. For years, critics and scholars fell into the trap, devising wildly different and often improbable explanations for what actually occurred in the tale, and starting in the mid-1950s, it was film-makers' turn.
When assessing the 16 feature film adaptations that have been made of James's "sinister little romance", we notice that the interpretations fall into three basic categories --those that present the ghosts as being real, those that present the governess as being mad and hallucinating, and, far more interesting, those that try to preserve the ambiguity of the original work but that find more radical ways in which to do it, upping the ante on both sides of the equation, as it were. Even more surprisingly, more recent adaptations, notably those by Spanish film-makers, have used James's tale to focus on forms of social injustice, such as discrimination against homosexuals and religious sexual repression.


with, the chief being the arrangementsfor the conference of delegatesfrom overseasBrancheswith the Council of the British Medical Associationin England. Dr. R. H. Todd has been selected to representthe Branchesin Australia, and has gone to England, his expensesbeing defrayed by the Branches,each contributingabout 7s. 6d. per member. Members of the profession presented Sir Joseph Verco with his portrait in 1920 and Sir Josephhas re-presented it to the Branch. It is now hung in the Lister Hall. (Signed) H. S. NEWLAND, President. Financial Statement. The Honorary Treasurersubmittedthe financial statement and balancesheet. On the motion of Dr. H. Swift, seconded by Dr. John Corbin, the statementand balancesheetwere adopted. PresidentialAddress. Dr. H. S. Newland delivered his addressas retiring President, and illustrated the sameby lantern slides projectedon the screen of the celebrities whose lives he had portrayed. At the conclusion of the addressa series of kinematographic films of scientific interest was displayed. Dr. H. S. Newland called attention to the value of the kinemato-· graph in illustrating and teaching of scientific subjects. This method was frequently used in the Royal eociety of Medicine in London for scientific purposes. He thought that it had not yet been fully developd in Australia.


In time-varying multipath Rayleigh fading channels, Alamouti coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems suffer from time selectivity of the channels. Recently, the uncoded bit error rate performance of Alamouti coded OFDM systems with several detection schemes have been investigated. In this paper, another important system performance criterion, i.e., the achievable capacity, is addressed for Alamouti coded OFDM systems. Based on the effective signal-to-noise ratio, the bound of ergodic and outage capacities are derived analytically. Numerical results show that these bounds are tight enough and can be used to predict the system performance. Furthermore, based on these bounds, we observed that there exists an optimal value of the number of OFDM subcarriers from the point of view of maximal capacity, which can be obtained through simple numerical computation.


The investigation of the effect of nitric oxide on the photolysis of hydrogen iodide has been extended to 6 and –20°C. At these temperatures, simple inhibition by nitric oxide continued but nitrogen now appears as an important product. The nitrogen-producing reaction has the stoichiometry HNO+2NO→HNO3+N2 and its mechanism is confirmed as being HNO+NO⇌HNO ˙ NO HNO ˙ NO+NO→HNO3+N2 as has been suggested by previous workers.


Current economical situation in Finnish forest industry desperately calls for higher degree of efficiency in all stages of the production chain. The competitiveness of timber-based products directly and heavily depends on the raw material cost. At the same time, the successes of companies, that use timber, determine the volumes of the raw wood consumption and, therefore, drive forest markets. However, wood consuming companies (e.g. paper producers) can not unilaterally dictate logging and transportation prices to their contractors, because profitability of those, has already reached its reasonable margins (Vesterinen, 2005, Penttinen, 2009). Recent research conducted in 2005-2008 shows extremely high degree of inefficiency in logistic operations amongst logging and transportation companies. Some of them have already realized the need for cooperative optimization, which calls for cross-company integration of existing information and control systems; however privacy and trust issues prohibit those companies from taking the open environment solutions. Therefore, the researchers have suggested new mediator-based business models that leverage the utilization and preserve current state of affairs at the same time. New business solutions for logistic optimization can be built, when a unified view on the market players is possible. Nevertheless, with fast development of communications, RFID and sensor technologies, forest industry sector is experiencing a technological leap. The adoption of innovative technologies opens possibilities for enactment of new business scenarios driven by bleeding edge ICT tools and technologies. We introduce an application scenario of the semantic agent platform called UBIWARE to the forest industry sector of Finland.


Patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) conceived to enable description of treatment‐related effects, from the patient perspective, bring the potential to improve in clinical research, and to provide patients with accurate information. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a patient‐centred peptic ulcer patient‐reported outcome measure (PU‐PROM) and evaluate its reliability, validity, differential item functioning (DIF) and feasibility.


For its good property of pulse burst,Pulse Coupled Neural Network is widely used in image segmentation.For its problems when PCNN is used in image segmentation,such as,its parameter is decided by experiment and its real time ability is bad.The standard model of PCNN is improved and an approach for image segmentation based on improved PCNN is proposed.Experiment results show that the method is adaptive and its real time ability is good,target contour are clear and details are more.


EXTENDED ABSTRACT The full-scale spray drying-rotary kiln process has been applied to dispose the textile dying sludge almost for two years in China. Relatively few studies have reported on the behavior of heavy metals from the spray drying-rotary kiln process. Accordingly, in this work, the partitioning of eight target heavy metals in feed sludge, dried sludge, fly ash trapped from cyclone separator and bag filter, and slag was investigated. Due to the fly ashes conveyed to the rotary kiln in the process, the fixation rates of the elements in slag were assessed. The results showed that the maximum fixation rate was achieved for Cu at 97.5%. The fixation rates of these target elements are ranging 72.8% -84.1% except Hg, which is negatively correlated to their volatility. The high phosphate content in the sludge enhanced the fixation of metals, resulting in the lower bioavailability. The spray drying-rotary kiln combustion process was successfully avoiding the discharge of fly ash and could be considering as an environmentally friendly approach for sludge disposal.


We describe postulates for a novel realist version of relativistic quantum theory or quantum field theory in Minkowski space and other background space–times, and illustrate their application with toy models.


Interleukin (IL)-2 combined with imiquimod and topical retinoid therapy may help improve outcomes in melanoma patients with cutaneous metastases, according to a study published online August 11, 2015 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.


A simple and effective error detection and error concealment based on the H.263 video decoder has been described in this paper. The H.263 syntax structure and semantics, VLC code word and continuity property of video signal at the video decoder are employed to process the error detection. The spatial and temporal correction is made full of use for error concealment. It has been found that this method can greatly improve the quality of the reconstruction images without decreasing the coding efficiency.


[Extract] Multiple paleochannel systems across the Great Barrier Reef Shelf have long been recognised and several studies conducted that showed channel width and depth and have been assigned to modern fluvial systems. In most cases, simple cross-section have been presented and interpreted to be the result of the sea level lowstand during the last glacial maximum. This despite the fact that channel tracking, for example of the Paleo-Burdekin River Channel, has been proven to be difficult because of several "branches" that apparently developed in the mid and outer shelf area.

Here we present a high-resolution analysis of a short section (1 km x 1 km) of the Paleo-Burdekin River system in the mid shelf area that illustrates that both erosional as well as infilling structures are complex and are the result of multi-phase channel development rather than from the last glacial lowstand only. This is in contrast to most published work but in agreement with studies from the Fraser River Paleochannel system. The analysis shows that several erosional features can be depicted based on seismic analysis. The sedimentary structures also demonstrate that the infilling of the channel features was complex.

In addition, we show new evidence of the shelf edge Paleo-Burdekin River system that exceeded well our expectations of magnitude of the "delta" system. The size illustrates that during the lowstand, significant erosion and deposition must have occurred along the shelf slope as a result of the River system discarding directly onto the shelf slope.


Axial transverse tomography is one of the more recent advances in roentgen diagnostic procedure. Conventional tomography enables one to show in detail roentgenographic images of the structures lying in a predetermined plane of tissue, while blurring or eliminating details of the structures in other planes. Any plane which is parallel to the long axis of the body may be chosen; but sections in the frontal and sagittal planes are most commonly made. Axial transverse tomography is a method for making roentgenograms of a thin slice of the body in a plane horizontal to its long axis. The fundamental principle in any form of tomography is that, of the three components participating in the production of a tomogram, i.e., the roentgen-ray source, subject, and film, two are moving synchronously during a continuous exposure and one is stationary. The motion is of such character that the roentgenographic image of a thin slice of the body at the predetermined level remains stationary on the film, while the images out...


In this study, it was hypothesized that (1) four categories of retail career socialization (i.e., socialization related to education, work, retail establishments, and family) will predict three aspects of retail career preference (i.e., intrinsic, extrinsic, and lifestyle) and (2) retail career preference will, in turn, predict retail career choice. College juniors and seniors nationwide (N = 723) responded to a survey questionnaire. The findings indicated that socialization related to retail work and education had direct and indirect effects on retail career choice. Retail shopping–related socialization had pervasive, indirect effects on retail career choice via all three components of retail career preference. Family-related socialization had an overall negligible indirect effect on retail career choice through retail career preference. The intrinsic enjoyment component of retail career preference had the greatest effect on retail career choice, followed by the extrinsic compensation and lifestyle flexibility components of retail career preference.


This paper derives an algorithm for finding a scheduling discipline for scheduling N customers at M service stations in a closed queueing network so as to optimize a performance measure which depends on the configuration of customers at the service stations.


Cross-Level Semantic Similarity (CLSS) is a measure of the level of semantic overlap between texts of different lengths. Although this problem was formulated almost a decade ago, research on it has been sparse, and limited exclusively to the English language. In this paper, we present the first CLSS dataset in another language, in the form of CLSS.news.sr – a corpus of 1000 phrase-sentence and 1000 sentence-paragraph newswire text pairs in Serbian, manually annotated with fine-grained semantic similarity scores using a 0–4 similarity scale. We describe the methodology of data collection and annotation, and compare the resulting corpus to its preexisting counterpart in English, SemEval CLSS, following up with a preliminary linguistic analysis of the newly created dataset. State-of-the-art pre-trained language models are then fine-tuned and evaluated on the CLSS task in Serbian using the produced data, and their settings and results are discussed. The CLSS.news.sr corpus and the guidelines used in its creation are made publicly available.


A multinational crew, including NASA astronaut Jessica Meir and the first space traveler from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), is scheduled to launch to the International Space Station Wednesday, Sept. 25. NASA Television and the agency's website will provide live coverage of the crew's launch and arrival.


Poultry business development is a reliable business, providing a significant increase in income, opening up employment opportunities, a source of fulfilling community nutrition and supporting the industrial sector. General Director of PKH (2020) said that East Java's chicken meat production in 2018 was 480,309.46 tons, in 2019 it was 506,731.16 tons and in 2020 it was as high as 474,868.84 tons. Economic conditions will foster competition among business actors, especially for large-scale business actors, the small farmers will suffer even more due to various limitations. The solution that can provide a solution to the problem of developing a poultry business, especially broilers, is through a partnership pattern. This study aims to determine the effect of breeder characteristics (X1), income (X2) and company services (X3) on loyalty cooperation (Y) partnership pattern at PT. Semesta Mitra Sejahtera, Tulungagung. This type of research is a survey research using 60 samples. Collecting data using a questionnaire method with a Likert scale, observation and interviews. Data analysis using SPSS 24 includes classical assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis to test the hypothesis. Resulting of the regression analysis show the function equation Y = 0.159 + 0.143X1 + 0.003X2 + 0.844X3+e has a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.822, means that cooperation loyalty is influenced by breeder characteristics, income and company services of 82.2%. The result of  hypothesis test are stated: an influence between the characteristics of breeders on cooperation loyalty (H1 is accepted), nothing effect between breeders' income on cooperation loyalty (H2 is rejected) and influence between company services on cooperation loyalty (H3 is accepted).


This paper discusses the quality control method of nestedness and auto-correlation manufacturing processes.A novel quality control model based on hybrid modeling is presented,which is combined with the characteristics of nestedness and auto-correlation.By taking nested control model as a framework and introducing auto-covariance function and auto-correlation function,the nested auto-correlation control model is established and the steps for the control chart are presented.The analysis of the model shows that the larger the auto-correlation function value is,the greater the control limit of nested auto-correlation control chart is;and the effect of autocorrelation to the control limit is more prominent when the sample size is smaller.Finally,an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach.


This research examined how the implication international financial reporting standards (IFRS) are related to the main audit aspects in the report of the auditor. The application of these standards could help many essential matters appear. In the report of auditor, these matters are to be disclosed. However, the current Iraqi auditor report does not include any clarifications to users on how to deal with these matters as a result of not applying auditing standard No. (701) accordingly.


The research is a quantitative study investigating the moderating effects of gender and adult attachment styles on the relationship between marital adjustment and psychological symptoms by using correlational design. The sample of the study consists of 178 Turkish married individuals. Personal Information Form, Brief Symptom Inventory and Dyatic Adjustment Scale were used for gathering data. The hypothetical model was formed and tested through structural equational modeling. Psychological symptoms were determined as dependent variable, marital adjustment as independent variable, attachment styles and gender were determined as moderating variables in the hypothetical model. The model's fit indexes were found in an acceptable level. It was found that secure, fearful and dismissing attachment styles and gender moderates the relationship between marital adjustment and psychological symptoms in a significant level. Keywords : marital adjustment, psychological symptoms, attachment


Let $\Lambda=\Bbb Z[t,t^{-1}]$ be the ring of Laurent polynomials over $\Bbb Z$. We classify all $\Lambda$-modules $M$ with $|M|=p^n$, where $p$ is a primes and $n\le 4$. Consequently, we have a classification of Alexander quandles of order $p^n$ for $n\le 4$.


Cultural identity is an essential infrastructure for development because without culture, there can be no socio, economic, scientific and spiritual development in a nation. A powerful tidal wave is surging across the world creating a new transition from tradition to modernity. Claude Levi-Strauss rightly observes: Civilization has ceased to be that delicate flower which was preserved and painstakingly cultivated in one or two sheltered areas of a soil rich in wild species. I am caught within a circle from which there is no escape: the less human societies were able to communicate with each other and therefore to


To solve the problem of special-shaped feature in position measurement,a digital measuring technology based on MBD model is presented.The measuring foundation is MBD model.The position is calculated by fitting between theoretical feature and measured feature.Measuring process planning,measuring programming and measuring simulation are also achieved based on MBD model.The method reduces on-line time,and prevents probe from collision and interference,and solves position measurement of special-shaped feature,and improves the efficiency and automation level.


Work on forming high-quality TiN barrier layers by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) in deep-submicron contacts is reported. A high-quality titanium nitride film was prepared by the photo-assisted LPCVD method using a new organo-titanium compound, Cp2Ti(N3)2, that does not contain chlorine atoms. The film exhibits sufficient barrier effect to withstand 450°C annealing as well as low resistivity, and adequate step coverage. This fabrication method can be used at lower deposition temperatures


Different approaches to the definitions of "demilitarized zone" and "neutralized territory" were analyzed. The overview of international practice has provided an opportunity to make the following conclusions as to the identity of these phenomena before the First World War and their regulation by peace agreements after. Aftermath of the world wars there were mostly cases of conclusion of bilateral and multilateral agreements that envisaged either demilitarization or neutralization of territories, or both options at the same time. Clarification is made on the following approach of defining demilitarization as a synonym for disarmament. In particular, it is concluded that the latter is an integral part of demilitarization and demobilization. It is proved to be inappropriate to identify the concepts of "neutralization" and "neutrality" since the latter determines the legal status of a State, whereas neutralization defines the legal status of a part of a State. Based on the comparative analysis of demilitarized and neutralized regimes, applying the criteria of their objectives, legal framework and duration of functioning, common and distinctive features of such regimes could be defined. It is summarized that demilitarization and neutralization of territories provide peace and security, and serves for a prevention of armed conflicts, having positive effect on the settlement of post-war disputes between States. the Aland Islands.


If either the historicity of the biblical construct or the actual date of composition of its literature were verified independently of each other, the circle could be broken. But since the methodological need for this procedure is overlooked, the circularity has continued to characterize an entire discipline [biblical studies]—and render it invalid. —P.R. Davies, In Search of "Ancient Israel" (1995) 37


At the Department of Computers and Informatics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics TU Kosice (DCI FEEI TU Košice) students can study virtual reality technologies and computer graphics. This subject in education process is relatively young. The study is focused on the acquirement of theoretical knowledge and practical experiences about 3D computer graphics, virtual reality and its technologies including natural and bioadaptive user interfaces and computer games. Students work in our laboratory (LIRKIS) with the latest virtual reality technologies (e.g. augmented/mixed reality, data helmets including Microsoft Hololens, 3D scanning or 3D printing) during practical exercises and they create content for them (such as applications or virtual models and scenes). Currently we also have a new self-developed technology known as CAVE (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment). For education purposes it is also important to know what students know about virtual reality and its technologies to correctly adjust lessons to the students' knowledge and to the needs of practice. The main focus is the usage of these technologies for handicapped people education. This paper presents our experiences in education of virtual reality in both ways: as subject of study and also as tool for studying.


Introduction: Incidence of allergic rhinitis is increasing each year. Primary mood of treatemnt is pharmacotherapy, which is associated with side effects because of long term use. Long term use of pharmacotherapy involves cost expenditure also. Use of complementary and alternative form of treatment methods increasing in western countries but widely prevelent in Asian countries like tradional indian medicine, traditonal chinese medicine, tradional japanese medicine. For wider acceptance in general public more studies focusing on mechanism of action of these complementary and alternative medicines is required with finding any adverse effetcs. Current article aimed to search for articles available in literature both online and offline.


The notion of the unawareness of influence posits that people are often not aware of the determining influences on their judgments or subjective feeling states. It gave rise to a new line of re- search on implicit consumer behavior, and helped overcome both conceptual and methodological shortcomings often subscribed to applied psychology of un- conscious processes. This study compa- res explicit and implicit processes of attitude conditioning toward Carrefour supermarkets and McDonald's fast- food bars. It introduces an idea of a logo substitute: a formally similar graphic image that conserves essential features of the original logo, but other- wise is not consciously recognized or identified as the logo. The arrangement of experimental settings enabled to draw an operational distinction between


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Synchrotron based measurements of the photoelectron spectrum of CdTe nanoparticles1 A. NAQVI, U. Texas at Arlington, S. L. HULBERT, NSLS Brookhaven National Lab, W. CHEN, A. H. WEISS, U. Texas at Arlington — A nanoparticle solution of CdTe of size 585 nm was deposited on silicon substrates of approximately 1cm x 1 cm after etching the substrate with HF. The nanoparticles were exposed to soft x-rays of varying energy under ultra high vacuum, ∼10−10torr using beam line U16B at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Lab. We performed Auger electron spectroscopy measurements on the nanoparticles and identified the peaks through spectroscopic analysis and monitored the damage of the nanoparticles by observing their fluorescence by gradually increasing the photon energy. The nanoparticles were observed to exhibit a time dependent damage response. Future studies aimed at exploring the potential use of nanoparticles as radiation sensitizing agents for cancer treatment are proposed. 1Y-1100 Welch Foundation A. H. Weiss U. Texas at Arlington Date submitted: 27 Nov 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


AN INERT, water-absorbing compound, methylcellulose, has been employed for the past several years in preparations given by mouth for relief of constipation. The effect is entirely a mechanical one with the absorption of large amounts of moisture providing increased bulk to the gastrointestinal contents. More recently, similar preparations in tablet form have been advertised for the purpose of reducing weight. The anorectogenic effect of these preparations is presumably achieved by the swelling of the hydrophilic substance within the stomach. The therapeutic efficacy of the method requires considerable further study. A recent report in The Journal of the American Medical Association 1 described complete esophageal obstruction in a 67-year-old man who had ingested a methyl-cellulose preparation for the relief of constipation. In the present report, the obstruction was produced by enlargement of a patented weight-reducing tablet (Fastabs) containing vitamins, minerals, and carboxymethylcellulose. REPORT OF A CASE R. M., a 20-year-old white


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming material to make an offset printing plate by a silver salt diffusion transfer method excellently matched (adjusted) between the printing plate and its print. SOLUTION: In an image forming material containing (i) an image receiving layer containing a physical developing nucleus, (ii) a photosensitive layer containing a silver halide emulsion being in the water permeable relationship with the image receiving layer and (iii) a stress resistant composition (the stress resistant composition contains unhardened gelatin by a quantity of 0.60 to 1.75g/m ) being in the water permeable relationship with the image receiving layer in this order on a hydrophilic surface of a support body, the image forming material is formed so that at least 50wt.% of the unhardened gelatin belongs to one or more kinds of gelatin and its 10wt% aqueous solution (36 deg.C and pH 6) has viscosity lower than 35mPa.s at shearing speed of 1000s .


This paper presents a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model calibrated for Venezuela that incorporates inter-sectorial relationships. With this model it is possible to assess the impact on the aggregate economic activity generated by productivity shocks or demand shocks to a specific sector and/or how changes at the aggregate level could affect the sectorial activity. The model is used to evaluate the aggregate and sectorial responses to shocks of different nature, under diverse assumptions about the inter-sectorial relationships and expectations formation. The results suggest that the omission of inter-sectorial relations and inadequate treatment of expectations can produce unrealistic results or dynamics. In quantitative terms, the omission of rational expectations seems to be less critical. However, this could change in an environment with more frictions.


Elderly patients with cognitive impairment who received a rivastigmine patch in the period 3 days before to 7 days after hip surgery experienced less incidence and severity of postoperative delirium than patients who did not receive the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment, a new study has found. No rivastigmine‐related complications occurred during surgery, the researchers added.


An educational institution of the 21st century are facing with many challenges in improving student performance to encounter the new upcoming challenge for the young generation (Mercer, 2007). With the big task to handle, educational institutions must ensure the quality of education provided for students in all level, in line with the hope from each parents towards their children?s future.


Electrowetting (wetting under the influence of an applied electric field) of three fluoropolymer surfaces (amorphous Teflon, DuPont) by electrolyte solutions was studied with the sessile drop method. The electrowetting curve (contact angle/potential) is analogous to the electrocapillary curve (surface tension/potential) and may be described by a combination of the Young and Lippmann equations. The influence of the electrical double layer at the polymer/solution interface has been neglected in the past because the overall interfacial capacitance is mainly determined by the capacitance of the insulating polymer layer. We demonstrate that for some surfaces a systematic deviation occurs at positive potentials. This departure from the constant capacitance regime is attributed to double layer effects, namely, the adsorption of hydroxide and halide anions. The pH, ionic strength, and polymer composition can all influence electrowetting behavior.


Abstract This paper proposes an optimal cascaded fractional order controller (CC-FOC) having disturbance observer (DOB) to minimize the frequency deviation of an autonomous wind-diesel-generator (WDG) system in the wake of load variation and random wind power output. The model of WDG consists of a variable-speed wind turbine (VSWT) and a diesel engine generator to match the ever-rising load demand. To regulate the frequency of the WDG system, fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) and tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controllers are simultaneously used as master and slave controllers, respectively, for developing the CC-FOC. An improved squirrel search algorithm (SSA) with quasi-oppositional-based learning (QOSSA) is applied to explore the optimum gains of the proposed non-integer controller. The performance of the developed controller is compared with the outputs of FOPID, TID, and PID controllers. The result demonstrates the mastery and effectiveness of the proposed controller against random load and wind power fluctuations. Finally, Kharitonov's stability theorem is applied to ensure the robustness margin of the studied WDG plant for a wide range of system parameters variation.